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how is asthma diagnosed
For adults and children over 5 years old, lung (pulmonary) function tests are used to check how well the lungs are working. Poor lung function is a sign that your asthma isn't well-controlled. In some cases, lung function tests are also used in asthma emergencies to help check the severity of an... | 931 | [
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how is asthma diagnosed
For adults and children over 5 years old, lung (pulmonary) function tests are used to check how well the lungs are working. Poor lung function is a sign that your asthma isn't well-controlled. In some cases, lung function tests are also used in asthma emergencies to help check the severity of an... | 2,035 | [
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Oxygen therapy has been shown to be effective in prolonging the lives of hypoxemic COPD patients with low oxygen levels (less than 88% or 55 mmHg). By increasing the amount of oxygen in the blood, oxygen therapy can help to reduce the risk of complications such as heart failure, pulmonar... | 8,894 | [
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Minute ventilation is a term used to describe the total volume of gas that enters the lungs per unit time. It is calculated by multiplying the tidal volume, or the volume of air that is moved in and out of the lungs during each breath, by the respiratory rate, or the number of breaths ta... | 9,072 | [
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Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) is the dose of inhaled anesthetic that causes 50% of patients to become unresponsive to noxious stimuli, such as surgical incisions or painful stimuli. In other words, it is the concentration of inhaled anesthetic required to produce a specific level ... | 9,075 | [
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Alveolar ventilation refers to the volume of gas per unit time that reaches the alveoli in the lungs. This measurement takes into account the amount of air that is wasted in the respiratory system due to physiologic dead space, which is the portion of the respiratory system where gas exc... | 10,405 | [
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The recommended next step in management for a newborn within the first 10 minutes of birth who has either a pulse <100 or respiratory difficulties such as gasping or apnea is positive pressure ventilation (PPV).
What is the recommended next step in management for a newborn within the fir... | 10,639 | [
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A GCS score of less than 8 is generally considered an indication for intubation. The GCS is a neurological assessment tool that evaluates a patient's level of consciousness based on eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. A score of less than 8 indicates severe impairment of co... | 12,328 | [
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When using a ventilator, the goal is to keep SpO2 between 88 - 95%.
What is the goal range for maintaining SpO2 when using a ventilator?
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When using a ventilator, the goal is to keep PaO2 between 55 - 80 mmHg.
What is the goal range for maintaining PaO2 when using a ventilator?
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When using a ventilator, prolonged FiO2 levels > 60% are associated with oxygen toxicity.
What FiO2 levels during prolonged use of a ventilator are associated with oxygen toxicity?
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When supplemental oxygen is administered to a patient with longstanding COPD, the rapid increase in PaO2 can reduce peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation.
What effect does administering supplemental oxygen to a patient with longstanding COPD have on peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation?
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To improve respiratory alkalosis in this patient, the best ventilator setting change would be to decrease the respiratory rate (RR).
What ventilator setting change is best to improve respiratory alkalosis in a 70 kg patient with the following settings: FiO2: 40%, PEEP: 5 mmHg, VT: 450 mL... | 13,680 | [
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To improve oxygenation in this patient, the best ventilator setting change would be to increase the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
What ventilator setting change is best to improve oxygenation in a patient with the following settings: FiO2: 70%, PEEP: 5 mmHg, VT: 400 mL, RR: 24... | 13,681 | [
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To optimize the ventilator settings for this patient, the best ventilator setting change would be to decrease the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2).
What ventilator setting change is best for a 65 kg patient with the following ABG and the ventilator settings: pH: 7.42, PaO2: 105 mmHg, P... | 13,682 | [
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Semirecumbent positioning may be effective in lowering the risk of ventilator-acquired pneumonia.
Which patient positioning may be effective in reducing the risk of ventilator-acquired pneumonia?
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The treatment options for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) include ventilation via continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), administration of artificial surfactant via an endotracheal tube (ET), and, if respiratory insufficiency ... | 15,197 | [
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The recommended airway management technique is rapid sequence intubation.
When a patient is unconscious and has impaired respiratory status, it is important to establish and maintain a patent airway in order to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. However, in patients with suspe... | 15,628 | [
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The recommended prophylactic measures for preventing atelectasis and pneumonia include incentive spirometry and out of bed (OOB) activity.
Atelectasis is a condition where the lungs do not fully expand, and pneumonia is an infection in the lungs. Both of these conditions can occur after... | 15,753 | [
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The preferred route of fluid resuscitation in the trauma setting is to establish two large bore peripheral intravenous (IV) lines.
Fluid resuscitation is a critical component of the management of trauma patients who have experienced significant blood loss or hypovolemic shock. The goal ... | 15,812 | [
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The recommended next step in management for a patient with severe asthma exacerbation who has an elevated PaCO2 is endotracheal intubation. Severe asthma exacerbations can be life-threatening, and may result in respiratory failure. An elevated PaCO2 is a sign of respiratory failure, and ... | 16,019 | [
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The recommended next step in management for a patient with acute exacerbation of COPD who is still experiencing symptoms despite medical management is non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). NIPPV is a form of respiratory support that delivers air under positive pressure thro... | 16,032 | [
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The recommended next step in management for a patient with acute exacerbation of COPD who does not show improvement after NIPPV is tracheal intubation. Tracheal intubation involves the insertion of a tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea to maintain a patent airway and provide ... | 16,033 | [
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The elapsed time to effective resuscitation is considered the most important factor for survival in a patient with an out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the heart suddenly stops beating, and it can lead to death within minutes if no... | 16,223 | [
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The recommended head position for a neonate on positive pressure ventilation is the "sniffing" position.
What is the recommended head position for a neonate who is receiving positive pressure ventilation?
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The equation used to calculate minute ventilation is Minute Ventilation (VE) = VT * Respiratory Rate.
What is the equation used to calculate minute ventilation?
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The equation used to calculate alveolar ventilation is Alveolar Ventilation (VA) = (VT - VD) * Respiratory Rate.
What is the equation used to calculate alveolar ventilation?
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The two best predictors of postoperative outcomes following lung resection surgery are forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO).
Which two factors are the best predictors of postoperative outcomes following lung resectio... | 19,978 | [
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To reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients, it is recommended to elevate the head of the bed at 30-45 degrees, perform suctioning of subglottic secretions, minimize patient transport, and limit the use of gastric acid inhibitors.
What are three recommenda... | 20,025 | [
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Pressure-support is a type of ventilator setting where the patient sets the rate of breathing, but the ventilator provides a boost of pressure with each breath. This helps to reduce the work of breathing for the patient and can be useful for patients who are able to breathe on their own ... | 20,616 | [
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PEEP stands for positive end-expiratory pressure and it is a type of ventilator setting where the ventilator provides a pressure of gas at the end of the breathing cycle to keep the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) open. This helps to improve gas exchange in the lungs and reduce the ... | 20,617 | [
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The Assist-Control setting in ventilator settings is a mode where the ventilator delivers the same tidal volume during every inspiration, whether initiated by the ventilator or by the patient. This means that the ventilator will assist the patient with every breath, but if the patient in... | 20,619 | [
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-0.5063476... | 24 |
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In mechanically ventilated patients, ventilation and PaCO2 can be altered by changing either respiratory rate or tidal volume. These two factors are the primary determinants of minute ventilation, which is the amount of air that a patient breathes in one minute. By adjusting the respirat... | 20,620 | [
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The recommended treatment for TTN is conservative management, which may include the administration of oxygen. The recommended treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is positive pressure ventilation (PPV).
What are the recommended treatments for TTN (transient tachypnea of t... | 21,105 | [
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The components of the treatment for ARDS include mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and most importantly low tidal volumes.
What are the components of the treatment for ARDS?
| 21,187 | [
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To prevent cardiorespiratory arrest and permanent neurologic disability, victims of smoke inhalation injury should be treated empirically for cyanide toxicity.
What is the empirical treatment that should be given to victims of smoke inhalation injury to prevent cardiorespiratory arrest a... | 21,414 | [
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The different grades used to assess the eye opening in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) are: 4 - Spontaneously, 3 - Verbal, 2 - Pain, and 1 - No response.
What are the different grades used to assess the eye opening in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
| 21,417 | [
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Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is a measure of lung function that represents the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled in one second after a maximal inspiration. It is used to assess the severity of respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (... | 22,160 | [
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The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a tool used to assess a person's level of consciousness following a head injury or other neurological event. The three components that make up the GCS are eye opening (4), verbal response (5), and motor response (6). Each component is scored on a scale fro... | 22,285 | [
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The lung diffusing capacity (DL) is measured using a gas such as carbon monoxide (CO) because it is exclusively diffusion-limited, meaning that the rate of gas uptake is limited by the rate of diffusion across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary barrier.
How is the lung diffusing capacity (... | 23,047 | [
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The name of the serum marker used to distinguish between congestive heart failure (CHF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is serum BNP.
What is the name of the serum marker used to distinguish between congestive heart failure (CHF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (AR... | 24,816 | [
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The qSOFA criteria are a set of clinical indicators used to identify patients who may be at risk of sepsis. To meet the criteria, a patient must have two or more of the following: a respiratory rate greater than 22 breaths per minute, a systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg, or an a... | 25,576 | [
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Patients with COPD who have resting PaO2 < 55 mmHg or SaO2 < 88% are candidates for long-term home O2 treatment.
What are the criteria for determining which patients with COPD are candidates for long-term home O2 treatment?
| 26,820 | [
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Patients with COPD who have resting PaO2 < 55 mmHg or SaO2 < 88% are candidates for long-term home O2 treatment.
What are the criteria for determining which patients with COPD should receive long-term home O2 treatment?
| 26,821 | [
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Maintaining adequate oxygenation is a critical aspect of caring for mechanically ventilated patients, and there are several strategies that can be used to improve oxygenation and PaO2 levels. One approach is to increase the FiO2, or fraction of inspired oxygen, which can be done by adjus... | 27,223 | [
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0.006378173828125,
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... | 24 |
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Lung compliance may be calculated by the equation C = ΔV/ΔP. This equation represents the change in lung volume (ΔV) relative to the change in transpulmonary pressure (ΔP), which is the difference between the pressure inside the lungs and the pressure outside the body. Lung compliance is... | 29,221 | [
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The typical dosage of IV morphine that is administered to hospice patients every 2 hours is 2-4 mg. Morphine is a powerful opioid pain medication that is commonly used to manage severe pain in hospice patients. The dosage of morphine that is prescribed will depend on a variety of factors... | 29,760 | [
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Yes, smoking cessation is associated with a mortality benefit in patients with COPD. It can slow the progression of the disease and improve lung function, leading to a better quality of life and reduced risk of death.
Does smoking cessation provide a mortality benefit for patients with C... | 29,896 | [
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Changing tidal volume is generally more effective in changing O2 and CO2 levels than changing respiratory rate. Tidal volume refers to the amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled with each breath, while respiratory rate refers to the number of breaths taken per minute. By increasing or... | 29,989 | [
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In patients with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, supplemental oxygen therapy increases the risk for free radical injury.
What is the risk associated with supplemental oxygen therapy in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
| 31,015 | [
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-0... | 24 |
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In mechanically ventilated patients, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is equal to the sum of resistive pressure and plateau pressure.
What is the equation for calculating peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) in mechanically ventilated patients?
| 31,080 | [
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In general, the recommended tidal volume for mechanically ventilated patients is about 6 ml/kg of ideal body weight.
What is the recommended tidal volume for mechanically ventilated patients in terms of ml/kg of ideal body weight?
| 31,146 | [
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In a patient on mechanical ventilation, the recommended approach for determining the appropriate FiO2 level is to use the lowest possible FiO2 that maintains the oxygen saturation above 90%. This approach helps to minimize the risk of oxygen toxicity and other complications associated wi... | 31,434 | [
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In cases of metabolic acidosis, if the measured PCO2 is greater than the predicted PCO2 using Winters formula, then there is a concomitant respiratory acidosis. Winters formula is a tool used to predict the expected PCO2 in cases of metabolic acidosis. If the actual PCO2 is higher than t... | 31,594 | [
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ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) usually evolves in a patient within 6-72 hours after the inciting event. ARDS is a severe lung condition that can occur as a result of various underlying medical conditions, such as pneumonia, sepsis, or trauma. It is characterized by inflammati... | 32,037 | [
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-0.328857421875,
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Endotracheal tube placement is commonly confirmed by measuring the end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) levels using capnography. This involves attaching a capnography device to the endotracheal tube and monitoring the CO2 levels in the exhaled breaths of the patient. If the endotracheal tube ... | 32,085 | [
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... | 24 |
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Patients with ARDS typically experience a decrease in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, which is a measure of the amount of oxygen in the blood relative to the amount of oxygen in the air being breathed. A PaO2/FiO2 ratio of less than 300 mmHg is considered indicative of ARDS. This decrease in ratio ... | 32,130 | [
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Patients with ARDS typically experience a decrease in lung compliance.
What is the effect of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on lung compliance?
| 32,206 | [
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0.07293701171875,
0.489501953125,
-0.6... | 24 |
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The goals of therapy for sepsis include achieving a central venous pressure (CVP) of 10-12, maintaining a urine output of greater than 0.5 cc/kg/hour, achieving a mean arterial pressure (MAP) greater than 65, and maintaining a central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) greater than 70%.
Wha... | 33,104 | [
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0.43310546875,
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... | 24 |
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The steps involved in the ED/inpatient treatment for acute asthma exacerbation are: 1. Administering oxygen, 2. Administering Albuterol/Ipratropium nebulizers, and 3. Administering Methylprednisolone intravenously which leads to Prednisone orally (corticosteroids). If there is no improve... | 34,260 | [
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The two main methods of improving arterial oxygenation during ventilation are increasing the FiO2 or PEEP.
What are the two main methods of improving arterial oxygenation during ventilation?
| 34,374 | [
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0.336669921875,
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0.12164306640625,
-0.13720703125,
-0.38110351... | 24 |
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DLCO stands for diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. It is a test that measures how well oxygen passes from the air sacs of the lungs into the blood. Specifically, DLCO measures the extent to which carbon monoxide (CO) is absorbed by the lungs and transferred into the bloo... | 35,000 | [
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0.509765625,
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The criteria for extubation readiness includes: - pH > 7.25 - Adequate oxygenation on minimal support (FiO2 < 40 and PEEP < 5) - Intact inspiratory effort and mental alertness to protect airway.
What are the criteria for extubation readiness in a patient who has been intubated and mech... | 35,621 | [
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The recommended CPR ratio for chest compressions to breaths in neonates is a 3:1 ratio of chest compressions to breaths.
What is the recommended CPR ratio for chest compressions to breaths in neonates?
| 35,653 | [
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Burn victims with oropharyngeal inflammation/blistering or carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than 10% should be intubated to prevent upper airway obstruction by edema. These criteria are used to identify patients who are at high risk of developing airway compromise due to swelling and inf... | 37,068 | [
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The criteria for intubation in burn victims to prevent upper airway obstruction by edema are oropharyngeal inflammation/blistering or carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than 10%. These indicators are used to identify patients who are at high risk of developing airway compromise due to swel... | 37,069 | [
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The best prognostic indicator of COPD is FEV1. FEV1 stands for forced expiratory volume in one second, which is a measure of the amount of air that a person can forcefully exhale in one second after taking a deep breath. This measurement is commonly used in the diagnosis and management o... | 37,407 | [
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Noninvasive ventilation is the recommended treatment for acute decompensated heart failure and hypoxemia/respiratory distress.
What is the recommended treatment for acute decompensated heart failure and hypoxemia/respiratory distress?
| 39,071 | [
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The Infant respiratory distress syndrome often worsens for 2 to 4 days after birth with slow improvement thereafter. Some infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome will die, although this is rare on the first day of life. If it occurs, it usually happens between days 2 and 7.
Lon... | 42,736 | [
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The Infant respiratory distress syndrome often worsens for 2 to 4 days after birth with slow improvement thereafter. Some infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome will die, although this is rare on the first day of life. If it occurs, it usually happens between days 2 and 7.
Lon... | 43,146 | [
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There is current controversy about whether intermittent on-line hemodiafiltration (IHDF) gives better results than hemodialysis in an outpatient setting. In Europe, several observational studies have compared outcomes in patients getting dialysis with those getting IHDF. These have sugge... | 45,079 | [
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About a third of people with ARDS die from the disease. Survivors usually get back normal lung function, but many people have permanent, usually mild, lung damage. Many people who survive ARDS have memory loss or other problems with thinking after they recover. This is due to brain damag... | 45,695 | [
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The BIS is an electroencephalogram-derived multivariant scale that correlates with the metabolic ratio of glucose (Akire M., Anesthesiology 1998). From this metabolic activity the brain obtains its functionality, the ability to capture information from outside and inside the body and int... | 46,138 | [
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“ This recommendation has been removed due to the market withdrawal of drotrecogin alfa. Hypotensive, fluid-resuscitated patients with severe CAP should be screened for occult adrenal insufficiency. (Moderate recommendation; level II evidence) Patients with hypoxemia or respiratory distr... | 46,670 | [
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A primarily topical therapy and topical therapy
antibiotics
fluid resuscitation
skin excision and grafting
respiratory and metabolic care and nutrition.
The use of systemic antibiotics and topical silver therapy greatly reduced sepsis related mortality.
This along with the advent of anti... | 46,759 | [
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The RDAI was tested for reliability by two of the original investigators. They reported weighted kappa of 0.9.
What is the assessment instrument for respiratory distress?
| 47,205 | [
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Recently, the construct validity of the RDAI has been challenged due to low correlation with subsequent admission to the hospital or length of stay (LOS). In a study of 65 children, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.17–0.58 n = 65) as measured by respiratory the... | 47,421 | [
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“ Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) HAP is defined as pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission, which was not incubating at the time of admission Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) VAP refers to pneumonia that arises more than 48–72 hours after endotracheal intubation. S... | 47,663 | [
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The mortality rate from acute paralytic poliomyelitis during its epidemic stage was approximately 5-10% of symptomatic individuals; higher mortality was noted in cases of bulbar poliomyelitis. Patients with abortive poliomyelitis often have a full recovery. Patients who develop aseptic... | 48,214 | [
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In general oxygen is administered via nasal canula or face mask to patients with an uncomplicated course to maintain an oxygen saturation greater than 90%. Endotracheal intubation may be required in those patients with a clinical course complicated by severe pulmonary edema, cardiogenic ... | 49,415 | [
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Management of traumatic brain injury patients in hospital is expensive. It has been estimated that the total global annual burden of traumatic brain injury US$ 400 billion. The in-hospital cost ranged from $$2,130 - $401,808, which was determined by the patient's length of stay and surgi... | 49,651 | [
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For CRT patients, the average in-hospital mortality is 0.3% and the 30 day mortality is 0.7%. Reynolds et al. showed a 1.1% in-hospital mortality in 30,984 Medicare patients undergoing CRT. This disparity in the in-hospital mortality rates can be explained by the strict inclusion criter... | 49,915 | [
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The stronger predictors of poor outcome both in SBP and secondary BP patients include the concurrent development of sepsis and subsequent multiple organ failure (MOF). Sepsis may progress to conditions of varying severity. There is an increased risk of death along transition from sepsis ... | 49,996 | [
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The mainstay of medical therapy for hemothorax is, fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion. All patients, regardless of causes, require attention for fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion. Prophylactic use of antibiotics following haemothorax reduces the rate of infectious complica... | 50,017 | [
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Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF):
An observational study found an association between higher levels of GM-CSF in brochoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and improved survival in patients with ARDS A study of 6 patients with ARDS due to pneumonia who were administered ... | 51,032 | [
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The pneumonia severity index is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia.
The rule uses demographics (whether someone is older, and is male or female), the coexi... | 51,169 | [
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There is a relatively good prognosis in patients that are younger with fewer comorbidities and considered generally healthy. As a patients age increases, so does the likelihood of an unfavourable outcome. Antibiotic resistance poses difficulty in adequately treating patients and may affe... | 51,268 | [
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Severity scoring systems can be cumbersome to utilize and no single system has been established as a gold standard. Nevertheless, clinicians may find utility in using the following scoring systems, in conjunction with serial CT scans, and regular and thorough clinical assessments of the ... | 52,523 | [
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Oxygent, by Alliance Pharmaceutical. Status: U.S. phase II trials, European phase III trials
Oxygent is a solution used as an intravascular oxygen carrier to temporarily augment oxygen delivery to tissues and is currently being developed by Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. Right now, the go... | 53,136 | [
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In 1935 Matthes developed the first 2-wavelength ear O 2 saturation meter with red and green filters, later switched to red and infrared filters. This was the first device to measure O 2 saturation.
In 1949 Wood added a pressure capsule to squeeze blood out of ear to obtain zero setting ... | 53,198 | [
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Oxygen is administered to the vast majority (98%) of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There is limited data to suggest that supplemental oxygen improves ST segment resolution (a surrogate endpoint) The theoretical basis for oxygen administration is also based on... | 53,335 | [
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... | 24 |
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This is useful in any setting where a patient's oxygenation is unstable, including intensive care, operating, recovery, emergency and hospital ward settings, pilots in unpressurized aircraft, for assessment of any patient's oxygenation, and determining the effectiveness of or need for su... | 53,976 | [
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The incidence of burn injury is approximately 86% of sustained burns / scald (thermal) injuries, 4%sustained electrical burn injuries, and 3%remaining Are chemical.
In the 10 years from 2008 to 2017, the incidence in the United States of burns is approximately 1,344,100 fires, resultin... | 54,452 | [
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Linezolid was compared to vancomycin for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and showed cost-effectiveness as an alternative to vancomycin treatment as it had a higher cure rate and prices per treatment were similar. One study reported that oropharingeal decontamination d... | 55,384 | [
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-0.6259765625,
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0.310791015625,
-0.1275634765625,
... | 24 |
Answer this question truthfully
Rapid sequence induction, when performed in an Emergency Department or pre-hospital setting is an advanced medical protocol which permits the intubation of conscious patients who require advanced airway support. Having evolved from procedures used to "induce" a coma-state in preparation ... | 55,488 | [
0.11553955078125,
0.171875,
-0.381591796875,
0.0343017578125,
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0.1837158203125,
1.1259765625,
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0.01166534423828125,
-0.77685546875,
-0.32275390625,
0.1343994140625,
-0.669921875,
-1.... | 24 |
Answer this question truthfully
BNP and NT-proBNP are measured by immunoassay.
The main clinical utility of either BNP or NT-proBNP is that a normal level helps to rule out chronic heart failure in the emergency setting. An elevated BNP or NT-proBNP should never be used exclusively to "rule in" acute or chronic heart ... | 55,613 | [
0.68359375,
0.5849609375,
0.1630859375,
0.8798828125,
-1.20703125,
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-0.318115234375,
-0.2705078125,
0.271240234375,
-0.51318359375,
-0.6748046875,
-0.1195068... | 24 |
Please answer with one of the option in the bracket
C: Intubation and mechanical ventilation
Q:A 28-year-old soldier is brought back to a military treatment facility 45 minutes after sustaining injuries in a building fire from a mortar attack. He was trapped inside the building for around 20 minutes. On arrival, he is ... | 58,907 | [
0.57958984375,
-0.17138671875,
-0.42431640625,
0.80322265625,
-0.82470703125,
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-0.9091796875,
-0.3232421875,
0.41650390625,
-0.73046875,
-0.6728515625,
... | 24 |
Please answer with one of the option in the bracket
C: Head elevation, sedation, mannitol, hyperventilation
Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department after being hit by a car while riding his bike. The patient was brought in with his airway intact, vitals stable, and with a C-collar on. Physical exam is ... | 60,031 | [
0.463623046875,
0.049407958984375,
-0.09881591796875,
0.37255859375,
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0.27880859375,
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0.5,
-0.9658203125,
-0.5712890625,
0.63818359375,
-0.58642578125,
-1.01171875,
0.127685... | 24 |
Please answer with one of the option in the bracket
E: Mechanical ventilation
Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents with severe difficulty in breathing for an hour. She is struggling to breathe. She was playing outside with her friends, when she suddenly fell to the ground, out of b... | 61,832 | [
0.424072265625,
0.12225341796875,
-0.7294921875,
0.68017578125,
-0.73291015625,
-0.1751708984375,
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0.454345703125,
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0.100341796875,
-0.8359375,
-0.60400390625,
0.474853515625,
-0.462890625,
-0.457763671875... | 24 |
Please answer with one of the option in the bracket
E: Nasotracheal intubation
Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his grandmother because of difficulty breathing. Over the past two hours, the grandmother has noticed his voice getting progressively hoarser and occasionally muffled, with persist... | 63,826 | [
0.62353515625,
0.307373046875,
-0.5810546875,
0.6884765625,
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-0.1343994140625,
-0.386962890625,
-0.33642578125,
0.63427734375,
-0.81787109375,
-1.14746... | 24 |
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