"""
StepProbe: Targeted Restoration

Given the diagnosis results, construct minimal "Silver Bullet" datasets
and apply QLoRA or DPO fine-tuning to restore reasoning capability
at the identified failure points.

Key insight: We don't need to fine-tune on everything — just on the
specific error patterns that quantization introduces.
"""

import json
import os
import random
from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Tuple
from dataclasses import dataclass, field

from stepprobe.utils import load_jsonl, save_jsonl, set_seed


@dataclass
class RestorationSample:
    """A single training sample for restoration."""
    problem_id: str
    problem_text: str
    # For SFT/QLoRA
    correct_cot: str          # full correct CoT from FP16
    # For DPO
    incorrect_cot: Optional[str] = None  # incorrect CoT from quantized
    # Metadata
    error_type: str = ""
    failure_step: int = -1


# ============================================================
# Silver Bullet Dataset Construction
# ============================================================

def build_silver_bullet_dataset(
    diagnosed_traces: List[dict],
    ref_traces: List[dict],
    problems: List[dict],
    max_samples: int = 500,
    target_error_types: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    seed: int = 42,
    sampling_strategy: str = "silver_bullet",
) -> Tuple[List[RestorationSample], Dict[str, int]]:
    """
    Build a training dataset from diagnosed traces.

    `sampling_strategy` controls which problems get selected. The three
    strategies are used for ablation / baseline comparison so the value of
    the step-level diagnosis is falsifiable:

        - "silver_bullet" (default): failed problems only, proportional
          allocation across the four error types.
        - "failed_only": failed problems only, uniform random (no
          error-type balancing). Isolates the contribution of error-type
          proportional allocation.
        - "random": ALL diagnosed problems sampled uniformly (both
          failed and correct). Isolates whether diagnosis matters at all
          — a negative control.

    Args:
        diagnosed_traces: Output from diagnose_batch
        ref_traces: FP16 segmented traces
        problems: Original problems
        max_samples: Maximum dataset size
        target_error_types: If specified, only include these error types
        seed: Random seed
        sampling_strategy: One of {"silver_bullet", "failed_only", "random"}

    Returns:
        (samples, stats) where stats maps error_type -> count
    """
    assert sampling_strategy in {"silver_bullet", "failed_only", "random"}, \
        f"unknown sampling_strategy: {sampling_strategy}"
    set_seed(seed)

    ref_by_id = {t["problem_id"]: t for t in ref_traces}
    prob_by_id = {p.get("problem_id", p.get("id", "")): p for p in problems}

    # Collect candidate samples. For "random", we include correct traces too
    # (whose "error type" is tagged as "correct") so the baseline gets to
    # sample from the full set.
    failures_by_type: Dict[str, List[RestorationSample]] = {
        "conceptual": [], "methodological": [], "executional": [], "logical": [],
    }
    correct_pool: List[RestorationSample] = []

    for trace in diagnosed_traces:
        pid = trace["problem_id"]
        ref = ref_by_id.get(pid)
        prob = prob_by_id.get(pid, {})
        if ref is None:
            continue

        is_failure = trace.get("is_correct_final", True) is False

        # Identify first error + type (applicable only for failures).
        first_error_type = "executional"
        first_error_step = -1
        for step in trace.get("steps", []):
            if step.get("is_correct") is False:
                first_error_type = step.get("error_type", "executional")
                first_error_step = step.get("index", -1)
                break

        if target_error_types and is_failure and first_error_type not in target_error_types:
            continue

        sample = RestorationSample(
            problem_id=pid,
            problem_text=prob.get("question", prob.get("problem", "")),
            correct_cot=ref.get("raw_output", ""),
            incorrect_cot=trace.get("raw_output", "") if is_failure else None,
            error_type=first_error_type if is_failure else "correct",
            failure_step=first_error_step,
        )

        if is_failure and first_error_type in failures_by_type:
            failures_by_type[first_error_type].append(sample)
        elif not is_failure:
            correct_pool.append(sample)

    failed_all = [s for pool in failures_by_type.values() for s in pool]

    if sampling_strategy == "random":
        pool_all = failed_all + correct_pool
        if not pool_all:
            print("[WARN] No diagnosed traces available.")
            return [], {}
        n_alloc = min(max_samples, len(pool_all))
        samples = random.sample(pool_all, n_alloc)
        stats: Dict[str, int] = {}
        for s in samples:
            stats[s.error_type] = stats.get(s.error_type, 0) + 1
        random.shuffle(samples)
        print(f"[random baseline] {len(samples)} samples from {len(pool_all)} diagnosed problems")
        for k, v in sorted(stats.items()):
            print(f"  {k}: {v}")
        return samples, stats

    if sampling_strategy == "failed_only":
        if not failed_all:
            print("[WARN] No failures found.")
            return [], {}
        n_alloc = min(max_samples, len(failed_all))
        samples = random.sample(failed_all, n_alloc)
        stats = {}
        for s in samples:
            stats[s.error_type] = stats.get(s.error_type, 0) + 1
        random.shuffle(samples)
        print(f"[failed-only baseline] {len(samples)} samples from {len(failed_all)} failures")
        for k, v in sorted(stats.items()):
            print(f"  {k}: {v}")
        return samples, stats

    # Default: silver_bullet (proportional across error types)
    total_failures = sum(len(v) for v in failures_by_type.values())
    if total_failures == 0:
        print("[WARN] No failures found. Nothing to restore.")
        return [], {}

    samples = []
    stats = {}
    for etype, pool in failures_by_type.items():
        if not pool:
            continue
        n_alloc = max(1, int(max_samples * len(pool) / total_failures))
        n_alloc = min(n_alloc, len(pool))
        selected = random.sample(pool, n_alloc)
        samples.extend(selected)
        stats[etype] = n_alloc

    random.shuffle(samples)
    samples = samples[:max_samples]

    print(f"Silver Bullet dataset: {len(samples)} samples from {total_failures} failures")
    for etype, count in sorted(stats.items()):
        print(f"  {etype}: {count}")

    return samples, stats


def format_for_sft(samples: List[RestorationSample]) -> List[dict]:
    """Format samples for supervised fine-tuning (SFT / QLoRA)."""
    formatted = []
    for s in samples:
        formatted.append({
            "messages": [
                {"role": "user", "content": s.problem_text},
                {"role": "assistant", "content": s.correct_cot},
            ],
            "metadata": {
                "problem_id": s.problem_id,
                "error_type": s.error_type,
                "failure_step": s.failure_step,
            },
        })
    return formatted


def format_for_dpo(samples: List[RestorationSample]) -> List[dict]:
    """Format samples for Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)."""
    formatted = []
    for s in samples:
        if not s.incorrect_cot:
            continue
        formatted.append({
            "prompt": s.problem_text,
            "chosen": s.correct_cot,
            "rejected": s.incorrect_cot,
            "metadata": {
                "problem_id": s.problem_id,
                "error_type": s.error_type,
                "failure_step": s.failure_step,
            },
        })
    return formatted


# ============================================================
# QLoRA Fine-Tuning
# ============================================================

def run_qlora_restoration(
    model_name: str,
    train_data: List[dict],
    output_dir: str,
    r: int = 16,
    lora_alpha: int = 32,
    target_modules: List[str] = None,
    learning_rate: float = 2e-4,
    num_epochs: int = 3,
    batch_size: int = 4,
    gradient_accumulation_steps: int = 4,
    max_seq_length: int = 2048,
):
    """
    Run QLoRA fine-tuning for targeted restoration.

    This loads the model in 4-bit, applies LoRA adapters,
    and fine-tunes on the Silver Bullet dataset.
    """
    import torch
    from transformers import (
        AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer,
        BitsAndBytesConfig, TrainingArguments,
    )
    from peft import LoraConfig, get_peft_model, prepare_model_for_kbit_training
    from trl import SFTTrainer, SFTConfig
    from datasets import Dataset

    if target_modules is None:
        target_modules = ["q_proj", "v_proj", "k_proj", "o_proj"]

    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)

    print(f"Loading model: {model_name} (4-bit)")
    bnb_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
        load_in_4bit=True,
        bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
        bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16,
        bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
    )

    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True)
    if tokenizer.pad_token is None:
        tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token

    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
        model_name,
        quantization_config=bnb_config,
        device_map="auto",
        trust_remote_code=True,
    )
    model = prepare_model_for_kbit_training(model)

    # Apply LoRA
    lora_config = LoraConfig(
        r=r,
        lora_alpha=lora_alpha,
        target_modules=target_modules,
        lora_dropout=0.05,
        bias="none",
        task_type="CAUSAL_LM",
    )
    model = get_peft_model(model, lora_config)
    model.print_trainable_parameters()

    # Format data
    def format_messages(example):
        text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
            example["messages"], tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=False
        )
        return {"text": text}

    dataset = Dataset.from_list(train_data)
    dataset = dataset.map(format_messages)

    # Training — save every 25 steps so an OOM crash mid-epoch loses at most
    # ~25 steps of work rather than the whole run. save_total_limit=2 keeps
    # disk usage bounded (each LoRA checkpoint is only ~30 MB).
    training_args = SFTConfig(
        output_dir=output_dir,
        num_train_epochs=num_epochs,
        per_device_train_batch_size=1,
        gradient_accumulation_steps=batch_size * gradient_accumulation_steps,
        learning_rate=learning_rate,
        weight_decay=0.01,
        warmup_ratio=0.1,
        lr_scheduler_type="cosine",
        logging_steps=10,
        save_strategy="steps",
        save_steps=25,
        save_total_limit=2,
        bf16=True,
        max_length=max_seq_length,
        dataset_text_field="text",
        gradient_checkpointing=True,
        report_to="none",
    )

    trainer = SFTTrainer(
        model=model,
        processing_class=tokenizer,
        train_dataset=dataset,
        args=training_args,
    )

    # Auto-resume from the latest checkpoint if one exists. HuggingFace's
    # `resume_from_checkpoint=True` fails loudly when no checkpoint is on
    # disk, so we detect by hand.
    import glob as _glob
    existing_ckpts = sorted(
        _glob.glob(os.path.join(output_dir, "checkpoint-*")),
        key=lambda p: int(p.rsplit("-", 1)[-1]) if p.rsplit("-", 1)[-1].isdigit() else -1,
    )
    if existing_ckpts:
        latest = existing_ckpts[-1]
        print(f"Resuming from checkpoint: {latest}")
        print(f"Starting QLoRA training: {len(train_data)} samples, {num_epochs} epochs (resume)")
        trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=latest)
    else:
        print(f"Starting QLoRA training: {len(train_data)} samples, {num_epochs} epochs")
        trainer.train()

    # Save final adapter at a stable path the rest of the pipeline looks for.
    adapter_path = os.path.join(output_dir, "adapter")
    model.save_pretrained(adapter_path)
    tokenizer.save_pretrained(adapter_path)
    print(f"Adapter saved to {adapter_path}")

    # Clean up intermediate checkpoints so subsequent runs don't accidentally
    # resume stale training on top of a newer dataset (and to save disk).
    for ck in _glob.glob(os.path.join(output_dir, "checkpoint-*")):
        import shutil
        shutil.rmtree(ck, ignore_errors=True)

    return adapter_path


# ============================================================
# DPO Fine-Tuning
# ============================================================

def run_dpo_restoration(
    model_name: str,
    train_data: List[dict],
    output_dir: str,
    beta: float = 0.1,
    learning_rate: float = 5e-5,
    num_epochs: int = 1,
    batch_size: int = 2,
    gradient_accumulation_steps: int = 8,
    max_seq_length: int = 1024,
):
    """
    Run DPO fine-tuning using (correct, incorrect) CoT pairs.
    """
    import torch
    from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, BitsAndBytesConfig
    from peft import LoraConfig, prepare_model_for_kbit_training
    from trl import DPOTrainer, DPOConfig
    from datasets import Dataset

    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)

    print(f"Loading model: {model_name} (4-bit)")
    bnb_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
        load_in_4bit=True,
        bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
        bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16,
        bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
    )

    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True)
    if tokenizer.pad_token is None:
        tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token

    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
        model_name,
        quantization_config=bnb_config,
        device_map="auto",
        trust_remote_code=True,
    )

    lora_config = LoraConfig(
        r=16,
        lora_alpha=32,
        target_modules=["q_proj", "v_proj", "k_proj", "o_proj"],
        lora_dropout=0.05,
        bias="none",
        task_type="CAUSAL_LM",
    )

    # Build DPO dataset
    dataset = Dataset.from_list(train_data)

    training_args = DPOConfig(
        output_dir=output_dir,
        num_train_epochs=num_epochs,
        per_device_train_batch_size=1,
        gradient_accumulation_steps=batch_size * gradient_accumulation_steps,
        learning_rate=learning_rate,
        beta=beta,
        warmup_ratio=0.1,
        lr_scheduler_type="cosine",
        logging_steps=10,
        save_strategy="steps",
        save_steps=25,
        save_total_limit=2,
        bf16=True,
        max_length=max_seq_length,
        gradient_checkpointing=True,
        report_to="none",
    )

    trainer = DPOTrainer(
        model=model,
        ref_model=None,  # use implicit reference with peft
        processing_class=tokenizer,
        train_dataset=dataset,
        args=training_args,
        peft_config=lora_config,
    )

    # Auto-resume from the latest checkpoint if one exists.
    import glob as _glob
    existing_ckpts = sorted(
        _glob.glob(os.path.join(output_dir, "checkpoint-*")),
        key=lambda p: int(p.rsplit("-", 1)[-1]) if p.rsplit("-", 1)[-1].isdigit() else -1,
    )
    if existing_ckpts:
        latest = existing_ckpts[-1]
        print(f"Resuming DPO training from checkpoint: {latest}")
        trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=latest)
    else:
        print(f"Starting DPO training: {len(train_data)} pairs, beta={beta}")
        trainer.train()

    adapter_path = os.path.join(output_dir, "adapter")
    trainer.save_model(adapter_path)
    tokenizer.save_pretrained(adapter_path)
    print(f"Adapter saved to {adapter_path}")

    # Drop intermediate checkpoints once the final adapter is on disk.
    for ck in _glob.glob(os.path.join(output_dir, "checkpoint-*")):
        import shutil
        shutil.rmtree(ck, ignore_errors=True)

    return adapter_path


# ============================================================
# CLI
# ============================================================

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import argparse

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Targeted restoration of quantized reasoning models")
    parser.add_argument("--model", required=True, help="Base model name")
    parser.add_argument("--diagnosis", required=True, help="Directory with diagnosed traces")
    parser.add_argument("--ref", required=True, help="Directory with FP16 segmented traces")
    parser.add_argument("--problems", default=None, help="JSONL with original problems")
    parser.add_argument("--output", required=True, help="Output directory")
    parser.add_argument("--method", default="qlora", choices=["qlora", "dpo"])
    parser.add_argument("--max-samples", type=int, default=500)
    parser.add_argument("--target-errors", nargs="*", default=None,
                        help="Target specific error types (e.g., executional conceptual)")
    parser.add_argument("--sampling-strategy", default="silver_bullet",
                        choices=["silver_bullet", "failed_only", "random"],
                        help="Dataset construction: silver_bullet (failures "
                             "balanced across error types), failed_only (failures "
                             "uniformly sampled), or random (sample from ALL "
                             "diagnosed problems including correct ones). The "
                             "latter two are baselines against which silver_bullet "
                             "is measured.")
    parser.add_argument("--epochs", type=int, default=3)
    parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=2e-4)
    parser.add_argument("--batch-size", type=int, default=4)
    parser.add_argument("--max-seq-length", type=int, default=2048,
                        help="Max sequence length during training. Drop to 1024 "
                             "if training OOMs under memory pressure.")
    parser.add_argument("--lora-rank", type=int, default=16,
                        help="LoRA rank. Halve (8) if training OOMs.")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    import glob

    # Load data
    diagnosed = []
    for f in sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(args.diagnosis, "*.jsonl"))):
        diagnosed.extend(load_jsonl(f))

    ref_traces = []
    for f in sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(args.ref, "*.jsonl"))):
        ref_traces.extend(load_jsonl(f))

    problems = []
    if args.problems:
        problems = load_jsonl(args.problems)
    else:
        # Reconstruct questions from the original benchmark datasets.
        # problem_ids are like "gsm8k_0", "math500_123", "gpqa_42".
        from datasets import load_dataset
        _bench_cache = {}
        def _load_bench(bench_name):
            if bench_name in _bench_cache:
                return _bench_cache[bench_name]
            qs = []
            if bench_name == "gsm8k":
                ds = load_dataset("openai/gsm8k", "main", split="test")
                qs = [ex["question"] for ex in ds]
            elif bench_name == "math500":
                ds = load_dataset("HuggingFaceH4/MATH-500", split="test")
                qs = [ex["problem"] for ex in ds]
            elif bench_name == "gpqa":
                ds = load_dataset("Idavidrein/gpqa", "gpqa_diamond", split="train")
                qs = [ex["Question"] for ex in ds]
            _bench_cache[bench_name] = qs
            return qs

        def _get_question(problem_id: str) -> str:
            parts = problem_id.rsplit("_", 1)
            if len(parts) != 2 or not parts[1].isdigit():
                return ""
            bench_name, idx = parts[0], int(parts[1])
            qs = _load_bench(bench_name)
            return qs[idx] if idx < len(qs) else ""

        for t in ref_traces:
            pid = t["problem_id"]
            problems.append({
                "problem_id": pid,
                "question": _get_question(pid),
                "answer": t.get("final_answer", ""),
            })

    # Build training dataset under the chosen sampling strategy.
    samples, stats = build_silver_bullet_dataset(
        diagnosed_traces=diagnosed,
        ref_traces=ref_traces,
        sampling_strategy=args.sampling_strategy,
        problems=problems,
        max_samples=args.max_samples,
        target_error_types=args.target_errors,
    )

    if not samples:
        print("No samples to train on. Exiting.")
        exit(0)

    # Save dataset
    dataset_dir = os.path.join(args.output, "dataset")
    os.makedirs(dataset_dir, exist_ok=True)

    if args.method == "qlora":
        train_data = format_for_sft(samples)
        save_jsonl(train_data, os.path.join(dataset_dir, "sft_train.jsonl"))
        print(f"\nSFT dataset saved: {len(train_data)} samples")

        adapter_path = run_qlora_restoration(
            model_name=args.model,
            train_data=train_data,
            output_dir=os.path.join(args.output, "qlora"),
            learning_rate=args.lr,
            num_epochs=args.epochs,
            batch_size=args.batch_size,
            r=args.lora_rank,
            lora_alpha=args.lora_rank * 2,
            max_seq_length=args.max_seq_length,
        )
    elif args.method == "dpo":
        train_data = format_for_dpo(samples)
        save_jsonl(train_data, os.path.join(dataset_dir, "dpo_train.jsonl"))
        print(f"\nDPO dataset saved: {len(train_data)} pairs")

        adapter_path = run_dpo_restoration(
            model_name=args.model,
            train_data=train_data,
            output_dir=os.path.join(args.output, "dpo"),
            learning_rate=args.lr,
            num_epochs=args.epochs,
            batch_size=args.batch_size,
        )

    # Save stats
    save_jsonl([{"stats": stats, "n_samples": len(samples), "method": args.method}],
               os.path.join(args.output, "restoration_stats.jsonl"))

    print(f"\nRestoration complete! Adapter at: {adapter_path}")