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README.md
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- name: hematoxylin
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dtype: image
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- name: dapi
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dtype: image
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- name: lap2
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dtype: image
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- name: marker
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dtype: image
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- name: seg_mask
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dtype: image
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 819179421
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num_examples: 575
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- name: validation
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num_bytes: 130744578
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num_examples: 91
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- name: test
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num_bytes: 825956215
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num_examples: 598
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- name: bc_train
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num_bytes: 592905848
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num_examples: 385
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- name: bc_validation
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num_bytes: 98729586
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num_examples: 66
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download_size: 2467676469
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dataset_size: 2467515648
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configs:
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- config_name: default
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: data/train-*
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- split: validation
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path: data/validation-*
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- split: test
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path: data/test-*
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- split: bc_train
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path: data/bc_train-*
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- split: bc_validation
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path: data/bc_validation-*
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---
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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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task_categories:
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- image-segmentation
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tags:
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- medical
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- histopathology
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- immunohistochemistry
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- ihc
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- multiplex-immunofluorescence
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- ki67
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- cell-segmentation
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- deepliif
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pretty_name: DeepLIIF
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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---
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+
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# DeepLIIF (Deep Learning-Inferred Immunofluorescence)
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Co-registered IHC (Ki67-DAB brightfield) and multiplex immunofluorescence (mpIF)
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patches with cell-level segmentation + classification ground truth for
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quantification of clinical pathology slides.
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Source paper: Ghahremani et al., "Deep learning-inferred multiplex
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immunofluorescence for immunohistochemical image quantification,"
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*Nature Machine Intelligence* 4(4):401-412, 2022.
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DOI: [10.1038/s42256-022-00471-x](https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00471-x).
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Zenodo: <https://zenodo.org/records/4751737>.
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## Overview
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- **Modality:** Histopathology - IHC brightfield + co-registered mpIF (DAPI, Lap2, Ki67 marker)
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- **Patch size:** 512x512 each (originals are 3072x512 PNGs concatenating six panels)
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- **Tissue:** Bladder + Lung (main DeepLIIF), Breast carcinoma (BC-DeepLIIF subset)
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- **Total samples:** 1,715
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- `train` (DeepLIIF): 575
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- `validation` (DeepLIIF): 91
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- `test` (DeepLIIF): 598
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- `bc_train` (BC-DeepLIIF, breast): 385
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- `bc_validation` (BC-DeepLIIF, breast): 66
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## Columns
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| Column | Type | Notes |
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|---|---|---|
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| `sample_id` | string | Original PNG stem |
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| `tissue` | ClassLabel(3) | `0=BC`, `1=Bladder`, `2=Lung` |
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| `subset` | string | `DeepLIIF` (main) or `BC-DeepLIIF` |
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| `ihc` | Image (RGB) | Input - 512x512 brightfield Ki67-DAB IHC |
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| `hematoxylin` | Image (RGB) | Aux target - reconstructed hematoxylin channel |
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| `dapi` | Image (RGB) | Aux target - mpIF DAPI nuclear stain |
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| `lap2` | Image (RGB) | Aux target - mpIF Lap2 nuclear-envelope stain |
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| `marker` | Image (RGB) | Aux target - mpIF Ki67 marker channel |
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| `seg_mask` | Image (RGB) | **Ground truth** - red=Ki67+ cell, blue=Ki67- cell, green=boundary, black=background |
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## Ground Truth
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The `seg_mask` column is the canonical GT. It was generated by combining
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per-modality instance segmentations from mpIF DAPI + Lap2 + Hematoxylin + IHC,
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with instance boundaries initialized by the ImPartial interactive framework on
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DAPI. Cells are then classified red/blue based on Ki67 marker positivity.
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For binary semantic segmentation (nucleus vs background) treat (red OR blue)
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pixels as foreground. For positive-vs-negative classification, decode red and
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blue channels separately.
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## Derivation
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Each source PNG was sliced column-wise into six 512x512 panels:
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- Columns [0:512] -> `ihc`
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- Columns [512:1024] -> `hematoxylin`
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- Columns [1024:1536] -> `dapi`
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- Columns [1536:2048] -> `lap2`
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- Columns [2048:2560] -> `marker`
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- Columns [2560:3072] -> `seg_mask`
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No other preprocessing.
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## License
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CC BY 4.0 (dataset, per Zenodo record 4751737). The DeepLIIF code repo is
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Apache 2.0 with Commons Clause; that license applies only to code/models, not
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to this imaging data.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@article{ghahremani2022deep,
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title={Deep learning-inferred multiplex immunofluorescence for
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immunohistochemical image quantification},
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author={Ghahremani, Parmida and Li, Yanyun and Kaufman, Arie and
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Vanguri, Rami and Greenwald, Noah and Angelo, Michael and
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Hollmann, Travis J and Nadeem, Saad},
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journal={Nature Machine Intelligence},
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volume={4}, number={4}, pages={401--412}, year={2022},
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doi={10.1038/s42256-022-00471-x}
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}
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```
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