#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
The Subspace Illusion: Generalization Beyond VLMs
====================================================
Does the finding generalize to ALL transformers?

Experiment A: MULTILINGUAL
  - Model: BLOOM-560M (multilingual)
  - Build PCA from French text hidden states ("French subspace")
  - Test: does English/Chinese/gibberish project equally?

Experiment B: CODE
  - Model: deepseek-coder-1.3b-instruct (code model)
  - Build PCA from Python code hidden states ("code subspace")
  - Test: does English prose/gibberish project equally?

If both show Gib/Target ≈ 1.0 → universal finding about transformers.

Setup:
    !pip install -q transformers accelerate torch tqdm
"""

import json, gc, warnings
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
import torch
from tqdm import tqdm
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

from google.colab import drive
drive.mount("/content/drive", force_remount=False)
OUT = Path("/content/drive/MyDrive/topohd_generalize")
OUT.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)

print("=" * 65)
print("The Subspace Illusion: Generalization Beyond VLMs")
print("=" * 65)

K_SUB = 48

# ================================================================
#  EXPERIMENT A: MULTILINGUAL (BLOOM-560M)
# ================================================================
print("\n[A]  MULTILINGUAL: BLOOM-560M")
print("=" * 65)

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

print("  Loading BLOOM-560M ...")
bloom = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "bigscience/bloom-560m", torch_dtype=torch.float16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True, device_map="auto")
bloom_tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bigscience/bloom-560m")
bloom.eval()

HDIM_B = bloom.config.hidden_size
N_LAYERS_B = bloom.config.n_layer
TARGET_B = [0, N_LAYERS_B//4, N_LAYERS_B//2, 3*N_LAYERS_B//4, N_LAYERS_B]
TARGET_B = [l for l in TARGET_B if l <= N_LAYERS_B]
print(f"  Hidden size: {HDIM_B}, Layers: {N_LAYERS_B}, Targets: {TARGET_B}")

# French text for calibration
FRENCH_TEXTS = [
    "La cuisine est une grande pièce avec une table et des chaises.",
    "Le jardin est rempli de fleurs colorées et d'arbres fruitiers.",
    "Les enfants jouent dans le parc pendant que les parents regardent.",
    "La bibliothèque contient des milliers de livres anciens et modernes.",
    "Le restaurant propose des plats traditionnels français délicieux.",
    "La ville est animée avec des voitures et des piétons partout.",
    "L'hôpital a été construit il y a cinquante ans dans le centre-ville.",
    "Les étudiants travaillent dur pour réussir leurs examens finaux.",
    "Le musée expose des œuvres d'art contemporain et classique.",
    "La montagne est couverte de neige en hiver et de fleurs au printemps.",
    "Le marché propose des fruits frais, des légumes et du fromage.",
    "La rivière coule doucement à travers la vallée verdoyante.",
    "Le château médiéval domine la colline depuis des siècles.",
    "Les oiseaux chantent dans les arbres au lever du soleil.",
    "Le train arrive à la gare à huit heures chaque matin.",
    "La plage est bondée de touristes pendant l'été.",
    "Le professeur explique la leçon avec patience et clarté.",
    "Les nuages gris annoncent une tempête pour ce soir.",
    "Le boulanger prépare le pain frais avant l'aube chaque jour.",
    "La forêt est dense et mystérieuse, pleine de vie sauvage.",
]

# Test prompts
MULTI_PROMPTS = {
    "french": FRENCH_TEXTS,
    "english": [
        "The kitchen is a large room with a table and chairs.",
        "The garden is full of colorful flowers and fruit trees.",
        "Children play in the park while parents watch them.",
        "The library contains thousands of ancient and modern books.",
        "The restaurant serves delicious traditional French dishes.",
        "The city is bustling with cars and pedestrians everywhere.",
        "The hospital was built fifty years ago in the city center.",
        "Students work hard to pass their final exams.",
        "The museum exhibits contemporary and classical artworks.",
        "The mountain is covered with snow in winter and flowers in spring.",
        "The market offers fresh fruits, vegetables, and cheese.",
        "The river flows gently through the green valley.",
        "The medieval castle has dominated the hill for centuries.",
        "Birds sing in the trees at sunrise every morning.",
        "The train arrives at the station at eight each morning.",
        "The beach is crowded with tourists during summer months.",
        "The teacher explains the lesson with patience and clarity.",
        "Gray clouds announce a storm coming this evening.",
        "The baker prepares fresh bread before dawn each day.",
        "The forest is dense and mysterious, full of wildlife.",
    ],
    "chinese": [
        "厨房是一个很大的房间，有桌子和椅子。",
        "花园里满是五颜六色的鲜花和果树。",
        "孩子们在公园里玩耍，父母在一旁看着。",
        "图书馆里有成千上万的古代和现代书籍。",
        "这家餐厅供应美味的法国传统菜肴。",
        "城市里到处都是汽车和行人，非常热闹。",
        "医院五十年前建在市中心。",
        "学生们努力学习，争取通过期末考试。",
        "博物馆展出当代和古典艺术作品。",
        "山上冬天覆盖着雪，春天开满鲜花。",
    ],
    "gibberish": [
        "Xkq plm wvt zzz brrn flmp qrst.",
        "Qwzyx nkl jjj hhh ttttt pppp mmm.",
        "Aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg.",
        "Mlkj hgfd sapo iuyt rewq zxcv bnm.",
        "Fghjkl zxcvbnm qwertyuiop asdfg.",
        "Jjjjj kkkkk lllll mmmmm nnnnn ooooo.",
        "Bnmz xkwq plrv tsyg hdjf kcmw.",
        "Wwww xxxx yyyy zzzz aaaa bbbb cccc.",
        "Vcxz nmbl kpoj ihug yftd rews qasx.",
        "Rrrr ssss tttt uuuu vvvv wwww xxxx.",
    ],
}

# Build French PCA
print("  Building French subspace ...")
french_vecs = {l: [] for l in TARGET_B}

for text in tqdm(FRENCH_TEXTS, desc="French PCA", ncols=80):
    inp = bloom_tok(text, return_tensors="pt")
    inp = {k: v.to(bloom.device) for k, v in inp.items()}
    with torch.no_grad():
        out = bloom(**inp, output_hidden_states=True)
    for l in TARGET_B:
        if l < len(out.hidden_states):
            hs = out.hidden_states[l][0].cpu().float().numpy()
            valid = ~np.isnan(hs).any(axis=1) & ~np.isinf(hs).any(axis=1)
            if valid.sum() > 0:
                french_vecs[l].append(hs[valid])
    del out; torch.cuda.empty_cache()

french_basis = {}
rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
random_basis_b = np.linalg.qr(rng.randn(HDIM_B, K_SUB))[0].T[:K_SUB]

for l in TARGET_B:
    if not french_vecs[l]: continue
    all_v = np.concatenate(french_vecs[l])
    k = min(K_SUB, all_v.shape[0]-1, all_v.shape[1]-1)
    if k < 2: continue
    french_basis[l] = PCA(n_components=k).fit(all_v).components_
del french_vecs

# Test all languages
print("  Testing all languages on French subspace ...")
multi_results = {}

for lang, prompts in MULTI_PROMPTS.items():
    multi_results[lang] = {str(l): [] for l in TARGET_B}
    multi_results[f"{lang}_rnd"] = {str(l): [] for l in TARGET_B}

    for text in tqdm(prompts, desc=lang[:8], ncols=80):
        inp = bloom_tok(text, return_tensors="pt")
        inp = {k: v.to(bloom.device) for k, v in inp.items()}
        with torch.no_grad():
            out = bloom(**inp, output_hidden_states=True)
        for l in french_basis:
            if l >= len(out.hidden_states): continue
            h = out.hidden_states[l][0, -1, :].cpu().float().numpy()
            if np.isnan(h).any() or np.linalg.norm(h) < 1e-12: continue
            hn = np.linalg.norm(h)
            basis = french_basis[l]
            proj = (basis @ h) @ basis
            multi_results[lang][str(l)].append(float(np.linalg.norm(proj) / hn))
            rb = random_basis_b[:basis.shape[0]]
            pr = (rb @ h) @ rb
            multi_results[f"{lang}_rnd"][str(l)].append(float(np.linalg.norm(pr) / hn))
        del out; torch.cuda.empty_cache()

# Results
print(f"\n  MULTILINGUAL RESULTS (BLOOM-560M, French PCA):")
print(f"  {'Language':<12}", end="")
for l in TARGET_B:
    if l in french_basis:
        print(f"  L{l:>2}", end="")
print(f"  {'Mean':>6}  {'Gib/Lang':>8}")
print(f"  {'-'*55}")

lang_means = {}
for lang in ["french", "english", "chinese", "gibberish"]:
    ratios = []
    print(f"  {lang:<12}", end="")
    for l in TARGET_B:
        if str(l) not in multi_results[lang]: continue
        v = multi_results[lang][str(l)]
        r = multi_results[f"{lang}_rnd"][str(l)]
        if v and r:
            ratio = np.mean(v) / (np.mean(r) + 1e-8)
            ratios.append(ratio)
            print(f"  {ratio:>4.1f}x", end="")
    mean_r = np.mean(ratios) if ratios else 0
    lang_means[lang] = mean_r
    gv = lang_means.get("gibberish", 0) / (mean_r + 1e-8) if lang != "gibberish" else ""
    print(f"  {mean_r:>5.2f}x  {gv if isinstance(gv, str) else f'{gv:.2f}':>8}")

del bloom, bloom_tok; gc.collect(); torch.cuda.empty_cache()

# ================================================================
#  EXPERIMENT B: CODE (deepseek-coder-1.3b)
# ================================================================
print(f"\n\n[B]  CODE: deepseek-coder-1.3b-instruct")
print("=" * 65)

print("  Loading deepseek-coder-1.3b ...")
coder = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-1.3b-instruct", torch_dtype=torch.float16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True, device_map="auto",
    trust_remote_code=True)
coder_tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
    "deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-1.3b-instruct", trust_remote_code=True)
coder.eval()

HDIM_C = coder.config.hidden_size
N_LAYERS_C = coder.config.num_hidden_layers
TARGET_C = [0, N_LAYERS_C//4, N_LAYERS_C//2, 3*N_LAYERS_C//4, N_LAYERS_C]
TARGET_C = [l for l in TARGET_C if l <= N_LAYERS_C]
print(f"  Hidden size: {HDIM_C}, Layers: {N_LAYERS_C}, Targets: {TARGET_C}")

# Python code for calibration
PYTHON_CODE = [
    "def fibonacci(n):\n    if n <= 1:\n        return n\n    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)",
    "class Node:\n    def __init__(self, val):\n        self.val = val\n        self.next = None",
    "import numpy as np\nx = np.random.randn(100, 100)\ny = np.linalg.svd(x)",
    "for i in range(10):\n    if i % 2 == 0:\n        print(f'{i} is even')",
    "def quicksort(arr):\n    if len(arr) <= 1:\n        return arr\n    pivot = arr[0]\n    return quicksort([x for x in arr[1:] if x < pivot]) + [pivot] + quicksort([x for x in arr[1:] if x >= pivot])",
    "with open('data.csv', 'r') as f:\n    reader = csv.reader(f)\n    for row in reader:\n        process(row)",
    "SELECT u.name, COUNT(o.id) FROM users u JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id GROUP BY u.name HAVING COUNT(o.id) > 5",
    "async def fetch_data(url):\n    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:\n        async with session.get(url) as response:\n            return await response.json()",
    "def binary_search(arr, target):\n    low, high = 0, len(arr) - 1\n    while low <= high:\n        mid = (low + high) // 2\n        if arr[mid] == target: return mid\n        elif arr[mid] < target: low = mid + 1\n        else: high = mid - 1\n    return -1",
    "import torch\nmodel = torch.nn.Sequential(\n    torch.nn.Linear(784, 256),\n    torch.nn.ReLU(),\n    torch.nn.Linear(256, 10))",
    "def merge_sort(arr):\n    if len(arr) <= 1: return arr\n    mid = len(arr) // 2\n    left = merge_sort(arr[:mid])\n    right = merge_sort(arr[mid:])\n    return merge(left, right)",
    "try:\n    result = dangerous_operation()\nexcept ValueError as e:\n    logging.error(f'Value error: {e}')\nexcept Exception as e:\n    logging.critical(f'Unexpected: {e}')",
    "from collections import defaultdict\ngraph = defaultdict(list)\nfor u, v in edges:\n    graph[u].append(v)\n    graph[v].append(u)",
    "def decorator(func):\n    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n        print(f'Calling {func.__name__}')\n        return func(*args, **kwargs)\n    return wrapper",
    "CREATE TABLE users (\n    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\n    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,\n    email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE,\n    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()\n);",
    "lambda x: sorted(x.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True)[:10]",
    "def bfs(graph, start):\n    visited = set()\n    queue = [start]\n    while queue:\n        node = queue.pop(0)\n        if node not in visited:\n            visited.add(node)\n            queue.extend(graph[node])",
    "import pandas as pd\ndf = pd.read_csv('sales.csv')\nresult = df.groupby('region')['revenue'].agg(['sum', 'mean', 'count'])",
    "class Stack:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.items = []\n    def push(self, item): self.items.append(item)\n    def pop(self): return self.items.pop()",
    "@app.route('/api/users', methods=['GET'])\ndef get_users():\n    users = User.query.all()\n    return jsonify([u.to_dict() for u in users])",
]

CODE_PROMPTS = {
    "python": PYTHON_CODE,
    "english": [
        "The kitchen is a large room with a table and chairs.",
        "Children play in the park while parents watch them.",
        "The library contains thousands of books on many subjects.",
        "The restaurant serves delicious meals every evening.",
        "Students work hard to pass their final examinations.",
        "The museum exhibits artworks from many different periods.",
        "The mountain is covered with snow during winter months.",
        "The river flows gently through the green valley below.",
        "Birds sing in the trees at sunrise every morning.",
        "The train arrives at the station at eight each day.",
    ],
    "gibberish": [
        "Xkq plm wvt zzz brrn flmp qrst.",
        "Qwzyx nkl jjj hhh ttttt pppp mmm.",
        "Aaaa bbbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg.",
        "Mlkj hgfd sapo iuyt rewq zxcv bnm.",
        "Fghjkl zxcvbnm qwertyuiop asdfg.",
        "Jjjjj kkkkk lllll mmmmm nnnnn ooooo.",
        "Bnmz xkwq plrv tsyg hdjf kcmw.",
        "Wwww xxxx yyyy zzzz aaaa bbbb cccc.",
        "Vcxz nmbl kpoj ihug yftd rews qasx.",
        "Rrrr ssss tttt uuuu vvvv wwww xxxx.",
    ],
}

# Build Python PCA
print("  Building Python code subspace ...")
code_vecs = {l: [] for l in TARGET_C}

for text in tqdm(PYTHON_CODE, desc="Code PCA", ncols=80):
    inp = coder_tok(text, return_tensors="pt")
    inp = {k: v.to(coder.device) for k, v in inp.items()}
    with torch.no_grad():
        out = coder(**inp, output_hidden_states=True)
    for l in TARGET_C:
        if l < len(out.hidden_states):
            hs = out.hidden_states[l][0].cpu().float().numpy()
            valid = ~np.isnan(hs).any(axis=1) & ~np.isinf(hs).any(axis=1)
            if valid.sum() > 0:
                code_vecs[l].append(hs[valid])
    del out; torch.cuda.empty_cache()

code_basis = {}
random_basis_c = np.linalg.qr(rng.randn(HDIM_C, K_SUB))[0].T[:K_SUB]

for l in TARGET_C:
    if not code_vecs[l]: continue
    all_v = np.concatenate(code_vecs[l])
    k = min(K_SUB, all_v.shape[0]-1, all_v.shape[1]-1)
    if k < 2: continue
    code_basis[l] = PCA(n_components=k).fit(all_v).components_
del code_vecs

# Test
print("  Testing all types on Python code subspace ...")
code_results = {}

for ctype, prompts in CODE_PROMPTS.items():
    code_results[ctype] = {str(l): [] for l in TARGET_C}
    code_results[f"{ctype}_rnd"] = {str(l): [] for l in TARGET_C}

    for text in tqdm(prompts, desc=ctype[:8], ncols=80):
        inp = coder_tok(text, return_tensors="pt")
        inp = {k: v.to(coder.device) for k, v in inp.items()}
        with torch.no_grad():
            out = coder(**inp, output_hidden_states=True)
        for l in code_basis:
            if l >= len(out.hidden_states): continue
            h = out.hidden_states[l][0, -1, :].cpu().float().numpy()
            if np.isnan(h).any() or np.linalg.norm(h) < 1e-12: continue
            hn = np.linalg.norm(h)
            basis = code_basis[l]
            proj = (basis @ h) @ basis
            code_results[ctype][str(l)].append(float(np.linalg.norm(proj) / hn))
            rb = random_basis_c[:basis.shape[0]]
            pr = (rb @ h) @ rb
            code_results[f"{ctype}_rnd"][str(l)].append(float(np.linalg.norm(pr) / hn))
        del out; torch.cuda.empty_cache()

# Results
print(f"\n  CODE RESULTS (deepseek-coder-1.3b, Python PCA):")
print(f"  {'Type':<12}", end="")
for l in TARGET_C:
    if l in code_basis:
        print(f"  L{l:>2}", end="")
print(f"  {'Mean':>6}  {'Gib/Type':>8}")
print(f"  {'-'*55}")

code_means = {}
for ctype in ["python", "english", "gibberish"]:
    ratios = []
    print(f"  {ctype:<12}", end="")
    for l in TARGET_C:
        if str(l) not in code_results[ctype]: continue
        v = code_results[ctype][str(l)]
        r = code_results[f"{ctype}_rnd"][str(l)]
        if v and r:
            ratio = np.mean(v) / (np.mean(r) + 1e-8)
            ratios.append(ratio)
            print(f"  {ratio:>4.1f}x", end="")
    mean_r = np.mean(ratios) if ratios else 0
    code_means[ctype] = mean_r
    gv = code_means.get("gibberish", 0) / (mean_r + 1e-8) if ctype != "gibberish" else ""
    print(f"  {mean_r:>5.2f}x  {gv if isinstance(gv, str) else f'{gv:.2f}':>8}")

del coder, coder_tok; gc.collect(); torch.cuda.empty_cache()

# ================================================================
#  FINAL VERDICT
# ================================================================
print(f"\n\n{'='*65}")
print("FINAL VERDICT: Does The Subspace Illusion Generalize?")
print(f"{'='*65}")

print(f"\n  MULTILINGUAL (BLOOM, French PCA):")
print(f"    French:    {lang_means.get('french', 0):.2f}x")
print(f"    English:   {lang_means.get('english', 0):.2f}x")
print(f"    Chinese:   {lang_means.get('chinese', 0):.2f}x")
print(f"    Gibberish: {lang_means.get('gibberish', 0):.2f}x")
gv_multi = lang_means.get('gibberish', 0) / (lang_means.get('french', 0) + 1e-8)
print(f"    Gib/French: {gv_multi:.2f}")

print(f"\n  CODE (deepseek-coder, Python PCA):")
print(f"    Python:    {code_means.get('python', 0):.2f}x")
print(f"    English:   {code_means.get('english', 0):.2f}x")
print(f"    Gibberish: {code_means.get('gibberish', 0):.2f}x")
gv_code = code_means.get('gibberish', 0) / (code_means.get('python', 0) + 1e-8)
print(f"    Gib/Python: {gv_code:.2f}")

print(f"\n  VLM (LLaVA/Vicuna, prior results):")
print(f"    Visual:    ~9.94x")
print(f"    Gibberish: ~9.93x")
print(f"    Gib/Visual: ~1.00")

if gv_multi > 0.7 and gv_code > 0.7:
    print(f"\n  >>> THE SUBSPACE ILLUSION IS UNIVERSAL <<<")
    print(f"  PCA of token-type-specific hidden states captures")
    print(f"  generic network geometry in ALL transformer types:")
    print(f"    - Vision-Language Models (LLaVA)")
    print(f"    - Multilingual Models (BLOOM)")
    print(f"    - Code Models (deepseek-coder)")
    print(f"  This is a fundamental property of how transformers")
    print(f"  organize representations, not a VLM-specific artifact.")
elif gv_multi > 0.7 or gv_code > 0.7:
    print(f"\n  >>> PARTIALLY UNIVERSAL <<<")
    print(f"  The illusion extends to some but not all transformer types.")
else:
    print(f"\n  >>> VLM-SPECIFIC <<<")
    print(f"  The illusion does not generalize beyond VLMs.")
    print(f"  Multilingual and code models show type-specific PCA.")

# Save
all_results = {
    "multilingual": {lang: float(v) for lang, v in lang_means.items()},
    "code": {ct: float(v) for ct, v in code_means.items()},
}
with open(OUT / "generalization_results.json", "w") as f:
    json.dump(all_results, f, indent=2)
print(f"\n  Saved to {OUT}/")