Question: Spencer is a pediatrics nurse who conducts the first neonatal exam on newborn patients. He makes note of the newborns' height, weight, eye color, and heart rate, among other things. What is the probability that a randomly selected baby has brown eyes and has a fast heart rate (>100 bpm)? Simplify any fractions.

Answer: 2/15

 | Slow heart rate (<100 bpm) | Fast heart rate (>100 bpm)
Brown eyes | 6 | 2
Blue eyes | 3 | 4

Solution:
Let A be the event "the baby has brown eyes" and B be the event "the baby has a fast heart rate (>100 bpm)".
To find the probability that a baby has brown eyes and has a fast heart rate (>100 bpm), first identify the sample space and the event.
The outcomes in the sample space are the different babies. Each baby is equally likely to be selected, so this is a uniform probability model.
The event is A and B, "the baby has brown eyes and has a fast heart rate (>100 bpm)".
Since this is a uniform probability model, count the number of outcomes in the event A and B and count the total number of outcomes. Then, divide them to compute the probability.

Find the number of outcomes in the event A and B.
A and B is the event "the baby has brown eyes and has a fast heart rate (>100 bpm)", so look at the table to see how many babies have brown eyes and have a fast heart rate (>100 bpm).
The number of babies who have brown eyes and have a fast heart rate (>100 bpm) is 2.

Find the total number of outcomes.
Add all the numbers in the table to find the total number of babies.
6 + 3 + 2 + 4 = 15

Find P(A and B).
Since all outcomes are equally likely, the probability of event A and B is the number of outcomes in event A and B divided by the total number of outcomes.
P(A and B) = \frac{# of outcomes in A and B}{total # of outcomes}
 = \frac{2}{15}
The probability that a baby has brown eyes and has a fast heart rate (>100 bpm) is \frac{2}{15}.


Question: Some farmers compared how many sheep were in their flocks. What is the median of the numbers?

Answer: 8

Farmer | Number of sheep
Farmer Anne | 8
Farmer Mike | 9
Farmer Wendy | 6
Farmer Betty | 8
Farmer Sally | 5

Farmer Anne
Farmer Mike
Farmer Wendy
Farmer Betty
Farmer Sally

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

8, 9, 6, 8, 5

First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:

5, 6, 8, 8, 9

Now find the number in the middle.

5, 6, 8, 8, 9

The number in the middle is 8.

The median is 8.


Question: Look at the table. Then answer the question. At a price of $915, is there a shortage or a surplus?

Choices:
- shortage
- surplus

Answer: shortage

Solution: At the price of $915, the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied. There is not enough of the good or service for sale at that price. So, there is a shortage.


Question: The town council reported on how many stop signs there are on each street. What is the mode of the numbers?

Answer: 12

Street | Number of stop signs
Smith Street | 12
Walker Street | 8
Jackson Street | 12
Peabody Street | 8
Mason Street | 12

Smith Street
Walker Street
Jackson Street
Peabody Street
Mason Street

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

12, 8, 12, 8, 12

First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:

8, 8, 12, 12, 12

Now count how many times each number appears.

8 appears 2 times.
12 appears 3 times.

The number that appears most often is 12.

The mode is 12.


Question: Monica entered her sister into their town's Smelly Shoe Competition. Monica observed contestants of all ages proudly strutting around wearing different kinds of smelly shoes. What is the probability that a randomly selected contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12? Simplify any fractions.

Answer: 1/15

 | Under age 12 | 13 to 30 years old
Tennis shoes | 6 | 3
High heels | 1 | 5

Solution:
Let A be the event "the contestant is wearing high heels" and B be the event "the contestant is under age 12".
To find the probability that a contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12, first identify the sample space and the event.
The outcomes in the sample space are the different contestants. Each contestant is equally likely to be selected, so this is a uniform probability model.
The event is A and B, "the contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12".
Since this is a uniform probability model, count the number of outcomes in the event A and B and count the total number of outcomes. Then, divide them to compute the probability.

Find the number of outcomes in the event A and B.
A and B is the event "the contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12", so look at the table to see how many contestants are wearing high heels and are under age 12.
The number of contestants who are wearing high heels and are under age 12 is 1.

Find the total number of outcomes.
Add all the numbers in the table to find the total number of contestants.
6 + 1 + 3 + 5 = 15

Find P(A and B).
Since all outcomes are equally likely, the probability of event A and B is the number of outcomes in event A and B divided by the total number of outcomes.
P(A and B) = \frac{# of outcomes in A and B}{total # of outcomes}
 = \frac{1}{15}
The probability that a contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12 is \frac{1}{15}.


Question: How much more does a motorcycle cost than a canoe?

Answer: 274

Solution:
Subtract the price of a canoe from the price of a motorcycle.

$968.00 - $694.00 = $274.00

A motorcycle costs $274.00 more than a canoe.


Question: The city recorded how many fire hydrants there are on each street. What is the mean of the numbers?

Answer: 3

Street | Number of hydrants
Oak Street | 2
Aspen Street | 5
Maple Street | 2
Lemon Street | 4
Cherry Street | 3
Rose Street | 1
Fir Street | 4
Elm Street | 3

Oak Street
Aspen Street
Maple Street
Lemon Street
Cherry Street
Rose Street
Fir Street
Elm Street

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

2, 5, 2, 4, 3, 1, 4, 3

First, count how many numbers are in the group.

There are 8 numbers.

Now add all the numbers together:

2 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 3 = 24

Now divide the sum by the number of numbers:

24 ÷ 8 = 3

The mean is 3.


Question: How much money does Jake need to buy a cockatoo and a bearded dragon?

Answer: 386

bearded dragon | $243.00
chinchilla | $138.00
hedgehog | $172.00
cockatoo | $143.00

bearded dragon
chinchilla
hedgehog
cockatoo

Solution:
Add the price of a cockatoo and the price of a bearded dragon:

$143.00 + $243.00 = $386.00

Jake needs $386.00.


Question: While compiling photos for an album, Andrew noted the number of photographs taken by each of his friends and family. How many people are there in all?

Answer: 74

Solution:
Add the frequencies for each row.

Add:

15 + 16 + 12 + 8 + 7 + 2 + 14 = 74

There are 74 people in all.


Question: Jerry went to the store. He bought 4 kilograms of King Edward potatoes. How much did he spend?

Answer: 6.76

Russet Burbank potatoes | $1.75/kg
King Edward potatoes | $1.69/kg
Red Pontiac potatoes | $0.63/kg
Golden Wonder potatoes | $1.78/kg
Yukon Gold potatoes | $0.40/kg

Russet Burbank potatoes
King Edward potatoes
Red Pontiac potatoes
Golden Wonder potatoes
Yukon Gold potatoes

Solution:
Find the cost of the King Edward potatoes. Multiply the price per kilogram by the number of kilograms.

$1.69 × 4 = $6.76

He spent $6.76.


Question: The aquarium's records showed how many tickets were sold in the past 4 days. On which day did the aquarium sell the most tickets?

Choices:
- Tuesday
- Wednesday
- Thursday
- Friday

Answer: Friday

Day | Number of tickets
Tuesday | 70
Wednesday | 71
Thursday | 72
Friday | 75

Solution:
Find the greatest number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The greatest number is 75.

Now find the corresponding day. Friday corresponds to 75.


Question: Each tool box has 5 screwdrivers. How many screwdrivers are in 5 tool boxes?

Answer: 25

Number of tool boxes | Number of screwdrivers
1 | 5
2 | 10
3 | 15
4 | 20
5 | ?

Solution: Count by fives. Use the chart: there are 25 screwdrivers in 5 tool boxes.


Question: Look at the table. Then answer the question. At a price of $485, is there a shortage or a surplus?

Choices:
- shortage
- surplus

Answer: surplus

Solution: At the price of $485, the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied. There is too much of the good or service for sale at that price. So, there is a surplus.


Question: Akira has $271. Does she have enough to buy a cockatoo and an iguana?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: yes

rabbit | $105
chameleon | $136
pot-bellied pig | $230
cockatoo | $124
iguana | $138

rabbit
chameleon
pot-bellied pig
cockatoo
iguana

Solution:
Add the price of a cockatoo and the price of an iguana:

$124 + $138 = $262

$262 is less than $271. Akira does have enough money.


Question: Each branch has 2 caterpillars. How many caterpillars are on 6 branches?

Answer: 12

Number of branches | Number of caterpillars
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | 6
4 | 8
5 | 10
6 | ?

Solution: Count by twos. Use the chart: there are 12 caterpillars on 6 branches.


Question: How much would it cost to buy 5 pounds of unshelled peanuts?

Answer: 7.90

garlic peanuts | $1.38 per lb
salted peanuts | $2.54 per lb
honey roasted peanuts | $2.27 per lb
unshelled peanuts | $1.58 per lb

garlic peanuts
salted peanuts
honey roasted peanuts
unshelled peanuts

$1.38 per lb
$2.54 per lb
$2.27 per lb
$1.58 per lb

Solution:
Find the cost of the unshelled peanuts. Multiply the price per pound by the number of pounds.

$1.58 × 5 = $7.90

It would cost $7.90.


Question: A juice shop tracked how many smoothies it sold in the past 5 days. What is the median of the numbers?

Answer: 85

Day | Number of smoothies
Wednesday | 87
Thursday | 83
Friday | 85
Saturday | 85
Sunday | 86

Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

87, 83, 85, 85, 86

First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:

83, 85, 85, 86, 87

Now find the number in the middle.

83, 85, 85, 86, 87

The number in the middle is 85.

The median is 85.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: linear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{11 - 19}{19 - 18}
 = \frac{-8}{1}
 = -8
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the second row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{3 - 11}{20 - 19}
 = \frac{-8}{1}
 = -8
The two rates of change are the same.
8.
This means the rate of change is the same for each pair of points. So, the function has a constant rate of change.
The function is linear.


Question: How much money does Ezra need to buy an egg sandwich, a bowl of melon, and a spinach omelette?

Answer: 13

spinach omelette | $3.00
bowl of melon | $3.00
breakfast burrito | $6.00
egg sandwich | $7.00

spinach omelette
bowl of melon
breakfast burrito
egg sandwich

Solution:
Find the total cost of an egg sandwich, a bowl of melon, and a spinach omelette.

$7.00 + $3.00 + $3.00 = $13.00

Ezra needs $13.00.


Question: How much money does Isaac need to buy a dry erase marker and an eraser?

Answer: 1.06

box of paper clips | $0.90
eraser | $0.41
pencil sharpener | $0.31
dry erase marker | $0.65

box of paper clips
eraser
pencil sharpener
dry erase marker

Solution:
Add the price of a dry erase marker and the price of an eraser:

$0.65 + $0.41 = $1.06

Isaac needs $1.06.


Question: Owen found a list of the number of roller coasters at each amusement park in the state. How many amusement parks have at least 31 roller coasters but fewer than 47 roller coasters?

Answer: 6

Solution:
Find the row with stem 3. Count all the leaves greater than or equal to 1.

In the row with stem 4, count all the leaves less than 7.

You counted 6 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plots above. 6 amusement parks have at least 31 roller coasters but fewer than 47 roller coasters.


Question: In a recent election at Cline University, four people ran for student body president. What fraction of votes were for Jared? Simplify your answer.

Answer: 19/124

Candidate | Votes
Devon | 930
Martha | 450
Shelby | 720
Jared | 380

Solution:
Find how many votes were for Jared.

380

Find how many votes there were in total.

930 + 450 + 720 + 380 = 2,480

Divide 380 by2,480.

\frac{380}{2,480}

Reduce the fraction.

\frac{380}{2,480} → \frac{19}{124}

\frac{19}{124} of votes were for Jared.


Question: Susan and her friends recorded their scores while playing a board game. How many people are there in all?

Answer: 34

Solution:
Add the frequencies for each row.

Add:

3 + 14 + 11 + 0 + 6 = 34

There are 34 people in all.


Question: Darnel buys 2 pounds of soybeans, 4 pounds of garbanzo beans, and 1 pound of kidney beans. What is the total cost?

Answer: 15.36

kidney beans | $1.78/pound
soybeans | $1.29/pound
garbanzo beans | $2.75/pound
lima beans | $2.28/pound

kidney beans
soybeans
garbanzo beans
lima beans

Solution:
Find the cost of the soybeans. Multiply:

$1.29 × 2 = $2.58

Find the cost of the garbanzo beans. Multiply:

$2.75 × 4 = $11

Find the cost of the kidney beans. Multiply:

$1.78 × 1 = $1.78

Now find the total cost by adding:

$2.58 + $11 + $1.78 = $15.36

The total cost is $15.36.


Question: For a math assignment, Cora researched the scores of the people competing on her favorite quiz show. How many people scored at least 10 points but fewer than 30 points?

Answer: 10

Solution:
Count all the leaves in the rows with stems 1 and 2.

You counted 10 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plot above. 10 people scored at least 10 points but fewer than 30 points.


Question: How much more does a piece of smoky quartz cost than a piece of fool's gold?

Answer: 0.24

quartz crystal | $0.95
piece of smoky quartz | $0.78
smooth piece of sea glass | $0.65
piece of black mica | $0.31
piece of fool's gold | $0.54

quartz crystal
piece of smoky quartz
smooth piece of sea glass
piece of black mica
piece of fool's gold

Solution:
Subtract the price of a piece of fool's gold from the price of a piece of smoky quartz.

$0.78 - $0.54 = $0.24

A piece of smoky quartz costs $0.24 more than a piece of fool's gold.


Question: Victoria bought 4 kilograms of olive oil, 4 kilograms of peanut oil, and 5 kilograms of sunflower seed oil. How much did she spend?

Answer: 26

cottonseed oil | $2 per kilogram
sunflower seed oil | $2 per kilogram
peanut oil | $2 per kilogram
canola oil | $2 per kilogram
olive oil | $2 per kilogram

cottonseed oil
sunflower seed oil
peanut oil
canola oil
olive oil

$2 per kilogram
$2 per kilogram
$2 per kilogram
$2 per kilogram
$2 per kilogram

Solution:
Find the cost of the olive oil. Multiply:

$2 × 4 = $8

Find the cost of the peanut oil. Multiply:

$2 × 4 = $8

Find the cost of the sunflower seed oil. Multiply:

$2 × 5 = $10

Now find the total cost by adding:

$8 + $8 + $10 = $26

She spent $26.


Question: Sharon's class paid attention to how many bottles each student collected for their recycling project. Who collected the fewest bottles?

Choices:
- Sharon
- Darren
- Jayce
- Richard

Answer: Darren

Name | Number of bottles
Sharon | 798
Darren | 747
Jayce | 779
Richard | 749

Solution:
Find the least number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The least number is 747.

Now find the corresponding name. Darren corresponds to 747.


Question: An ice cream shop kept track of how many ice cream cones it sold in the past 4 days. On which day did the shop sell the most ice cream cones?

Choices:
- Thursday
- Friday
- Saturday
- Sunday

Answer: Friday

Day | Number of ice cream cones
Thursday | 52
Friday | 59
Saturday | 51
Sunday | 54

Solution:
Find the greatest number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The greatest number is 59.

Now find the corresponding day. Friday corresponds to 59.


Question: Hugo kept track of how long it took to finish his homework each day. According to the table, what was the rate of change between Tuesday and Wednesday?

Answer: -6

Day | Minutes
Sunday | 25
Monday | 22
Tuesday | 25
Wednesday | 19
Thursday | 17

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{19 minutes - 25 minutes}{1 day}
 = \frac{-6 minutes}{1 day}
 = -6 minutes per day
The rate of change between Tuesday and Wednesday was - 6 minutes per day.


Question: Some companies compared how many phone calls they made. In all, how many phone calls did Brave New Day Corporation and Henderson Co. make?

Answer: 8,824

Company | Number of phone calls
Nature Now | 8,467
Brave New Day Corporation | 1,817
Henderson Co. | 7,007

Nature Now
Brave New Day Corporation
Henderson Co.

Solution:
Find the numbers in the table.

Brave New Day Corporation: 1,817
Henderson Co.: 7,007

Now add: 1,817 + 7,007 = 8,824.

In all, Brave New Day Corporation and Henderson Co. made 8,824 phone calls.


Question: The architecture student counted the number of bricks in each building in her neighborhood. How many buildings have at least 66 bricks but fewer than 93 bricks?

Answer: 8

Solution:
Find the row with stem 6. Count all the leaves greater than or equal to 6.

Count all the leaves in the rows with stems 7 and 8.

In the row with stem 9, count all the leaves less than 3.

You counted 8 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plots above. 8 buildings have at least 66 bricks but fewer than 93 bricks.


Question: The manager of a party supply store researched how many balloons it sold in the past 4 days. On which day did the store sell the fewest balloons?

Choices:
- Thursday
- Friday
- Saturday
- Sunday

Answer: Sunday

Day | Number of balloons
Thursday | 888
Friday | 838
Saturday | 843
Sunday | 834

Solution:
Find the least number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The least number is 834.

Now find the corresponding day. Sunday corresponds to 834.


Question: Each box has 5 pumpkin scones. How many pumpkin scones are in 5 boxes?

Answer: 25

Number of boxes | Number of pumpkin scones
1 | 5
2 | 10
3 | 15
4 | 20
5 | ?

Solution: Count by fives. Use the chart: there are 25 pumpkin scones in 5 boxes.


Question: Monica went to the store and bought 1.9 pounds of rectangular erasers . How much did she spend?

Answer: 5.70

flower erasers | $3 per lb
heart erasers | $6 per lb
rectangular erasers | $3 per lb
animal erasers | $3 per lb
alphabet erasers | $5 per lb

flower erasers
heart erasers
rectangular erasers
animal erasers
alphabet erasers

$3 per lb
$6 per lb
$3 per lb
$3 per lb
$5 per lb

Solution:
Find the cost of the rectangular erasers. Multiply the price per pound by the number of pounds.
$3 × 1.9 = $5.70
She spent $5.70.


Question: Caleb has $8. Does he have enough to buy pasta with white sauce and grilled eggplant?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: yes

steamed broccoli | $7
grilled eggplant | $4
pasta with tomato sauce | $5
pasta with white sauce | $4

steamed broccoli
grilled eggplant
pasta with tomato sauce
pasta with white sauce

Solution:
Add the price of pasta with white sauce and the price of grilled eggplant:

$4 + $4 = $8

Since Caleb has $8, he has just enough money.


Question: Connor's P.E. class participated in a push-up competition, and Connor wrote down how many push-ups each person could do. How many people did at least 43 push-ups but fewer than 63 push-ups?

Answer: 7

Push-up competition (number of push-ups)

Solution:
Find the row with stem 4. Count all the leaves greater than or equal to 3.

Count all the leaves in the row with stem 5.

In the row with stem 6, count all the leaves less than 3.

You counted 7 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plots above. 7 people did at least 43 push-ups but fewer than 63 push-ups.


Question: Each train has 2 cars. How many cars are on 6 trains?

Answer: 12

Number of trains | Number of cars
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | 6
4 | 8
5 | 10
6 | ?

Solution: Count by twos. Use the chart: there are 12 cars on 6 trains.


Question: The employees at Jeremiah's Construction monitored the number of cracked window panes in each shipment they received. How many shipments had at least 10 cracked window panes but less than 90 cracked window panes?

Answer: 8

Solution:
Count all the leaves in the rows with stems 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

You counted 8 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plot above. 8 shipments had at least 10 cracked window panes but less than 90 cracked window panes.


Question: A shipping company keeps track of the number of boxes in each shipment they send out. How many shipments had exactly 56 boxes?

Answer: 0

Solution:
For the number 56, the stem is 5, and the leaf is 6. Find the row where the stem is 5. In that row, count all the leaves equal to 6.

You counted 0 leaves. 0 shipments had exactly 56 boxes.


Question: A food industry researcher compiled the revenues of several pizzerias. How much more did Pizzas Only make from pepperoni pizza sales than from cheese pizza sales?

Answer: 11

Restaurant | Pepperoni pizzas | Cheese pizzas
Pizzas Only | $19 | $8
Pizzeria Italiano | $8 | $18
Pizza Italia | $12 | $9
Taste of New York | $13 | $17

Pizzas Only
Pizzeria Italiano
Pizza Italia
Taste of New York

Solution:
Find the Pizzas Only row. Find the numbers in this row for pepperoni pizzas and cheese pizzas.

pepperoni pizzas: $19.00
cheese pizzas: $8.00

Now subtract:

$19.00 − $8.00 = $11.00

Pizzas Only made $11 more from pepperoni pizza sales than from cheese pizza sales.


Question: Oliver has $0.05. Does he have enough to buy a robot stamp and a coyote stamp?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: no

coyote stamp | $0.05
robot stamp | $0.01
butterfly stamp | $0.01
flag stamp | $0.09

coyote stamp
robot stamp
butterfly stamp
flag stamp

Solution:
Add the price of a robot stamp and the price of a coyote stamp:

$0.01 + $0.05 = $0.06

$0.06 is more than $0.05. Oliver does not have enough money.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: linear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{15 - 11}{13 - 12}
 = \frac{4}{1}
 = 4
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{19 - 11}{14 - 12}
 = \frac{8}{2}
 = 4
The two rates of change are the same.
If you checked the rate of change between rows 2 and 3, you would find that it is also 4.
This means the rate of change is the same for each pair of points. So, the function has a constant rate of change.
The function is linear.


Question: Isaiah has $836. Does he have enough to buy a clothes dryer and a barbecue grill?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: no

water heater | $599
barbecue grill | $202
washing machine | $145
clothes dryer | $645

water heater
barbecue grill
washing machine
clothes dryer

Solution:
Add the price of a clothes dryer and the price of a barbecue grill:

$645 + $202 = $847

$847 is more than $836. Isaiah does not have enough money.


Question: Some farmers compared how many tractors they own. What is the range of the numbers?

Answer: 6

Farmer | Number of tractors
Farmer Andy | 8
Farmer Alex | 8
Farmer Jane | 5
Farmer Rob | 9
Farmer Joe | 6
Farmer Allison | 3
Farmer Tom | 4
Farmer Susie | 7

Farmer Andy
Farmer Alex
Farmer Jane
Farmer Rob
Farmer Joe
Farmer Allison
Farmer Tom
Farmer Susie

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

8, 8, 5, 9, 6, 3, 4, 7

First, find the greatest number. The greatest number is 9.

Next, find the least number. The least number is 3.

Subtract the least number from the greatest number:

9 − 3 = 6

The range is 6.


Question: How much more does a baseball glove cost than a jump rope?

Answer: 3.48

volleyball | $8.47
baseball glove | $9.56
bike horn | $2.47
jump rope | $6.08

volleyball
baseball glove
bike horn
jump rope

Solution:
Subtract the price of a jump rope from the price of a baseball glove.

$9.56 - $6.08 = $3.48

A baseball glove costs $3.48 more than a jump rope.


Question: Each shelf has 2 blocks of cheese. How many blocks of cheese are on 3 shelves?

Answer: 6

Number of shelves | Number of blocks of cheese
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | ?

Solution: Count by twos. Use the chart: there are 6 blocks of cheese on 3 shelves.


Question: How much money does Lee need to buy pasta with tomato sauce, pasta with white sauce, and spaghetti and meatballs?

Answer: 21

pasta with tomato sauce | $6
cheese pizza | $5
steamed broccoli | $7
green salad | $4
spaghetti and meatballs | $8
pasta with white sauce | $7

pasta with tomato sauce
cheese pizza
steamed broccoli
green salad
spaghetti and meatballs
pasta with white sauce

Solution:
Find the total cost of pasta with tomato sauce, pasta with white sauce, and spaghetti and meatballs.

$6 + $7 + $8 = $21

Lee needs $21.


Question: Look at the table. Then answer the question. At a price of $15, is there a shortage or a surplus?

Choices:
- shortage
- surplus

Answer: shortage

Solution: At the price of $15, the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied. There is not enough of the good or service for sale at that price. So, there is a shortage.


Question: At a candy factory, butterscotch candies were packaged into bags of different sizes. What is the smallest number of butterscotch candies?

Answer: 9

Solution:
Look at the first row of the stem-and-leaf plot. The first row has the lowest stem. The stem for the first row is 0.

Now find the lowest leaf in the first row. The lowest leaf is 9.

The smallest number of butterscotch candies has a stem of 0 and a leaf of 9. Write the stem first, then the leaf: 09.

The smallest number of butterscotch candies is 9 butterscotch candies.


Question: How much money does Billy need to buy 5 boxes of crayons?

Answer: 11.20

box of crayons | $2.24
silver glitter pen | $2.88
box of colored pencils | $1.25
rubber stamp | $1.51
box of paper clips | $1.47

box of crayons
silver glitter pen
box of colored pencils
rubber stamp
box of paper clips

Solution:
Find the total cost of 5 boxes of crayons by multiplying 5 times the price of a box of crayons.

$2.24 × 5 = $11.20

Billy needs $11.20.


Question: How much money does David need to buy 4 pairs of shorts?

Answer: 66.60

pair of brown pants | $21.36
pair of shorts | $16.65
pair of tennis shoes | $15.63
denim jacket | $22.82
black jacket | $12.64
pair of boots | $35.51

pair of brown pants
pair of shorts
pair of tennis shoes
denim jacket
black jacket
pair of boots

Solution:
Find the total cost of 4 pairs of shorts by multiplying 4 times the price of a pair of shorts.

$16.65 × 4 = $66.60

David needs $66.60.


Question: How much would it cost to buy 4 pounds of quick oatmeal ?

Answer: 5.88

granola | $0.64/lb
instant oatmeal | $1.15/lb
quick oatmeal | $1.47/lb
old-fashioned oatmeal | $0.74/lb

granola
instant oatmeal
quick oatmeal
old-fashioned oatmeal

Solution:
Find the cost of the quick oatmeal. Multiply the price per pound by the number of pounds.

$1.47 × 4 = $5.88

It would cost $5.88.


Question: The financial aid office at Barton University produced an internal report on the number of students receiving scholarships. According to the table, what was the rate of change between 2013 and 2014?

Answer: 3

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{48 students - 45 students}{2014 - 2013}
 = \frac{48 students - 45 students}{1 year}
 = \frac{3 students}{1 year}
 = 3 students per year
The rate of change between 2013 and 2014 was 3 students per year.


Question: A health instructor surveyed all her students, and tallied the results. The first survey question asked, "Do you adhere to a vegetarian diet or omnivorous diet?" The second question asked, "If you were to buy a pet today, which animal would it be?" What is the probability that a randomly selected student adheres to a vegetarian diet and would buy a cat? Simplify any fractions.

Answer: 3/10

 | Dog | Cat
A vegetarian diet | 3 | 6
An omnivorous diet | 5 | 6

Solution:
Let A be the event "the student adheres to a vegetarian diet" and B be the event "the student would buy a cat".
To find the probability that a student adheres to a vegetarian diet and would buy a cat, first identify the sample space and the event.
The outcomes in the sample space are the different students. Each student is equally likely to be selected, so this is a uniform probability model.
The event is A and B, "the student adheres to a vegetarian diet and would buy a cat".
Since this is a uniform probability model, count the number of outcomes in the event A and B and count the total number of outcomes. Then, divide them to compute the probability.

Find the number of outcomes in the event A and B.
A and B is the event "the student adheres to a vegetarian diet and would buy a cat", so look at the table to see how many students adhere to a vegetarian diet and would buy a cat.
The number of students who adhere to a vegetarian diet and would buy a cat is 6.

Find the total number of outcomes.
Add all the numbers in the table to find the total number of students.
3 + 5 + 6 + 6 = 20

Find P(A and B).
Since all outcomes are equally likely, the probability of event A and B is the number of outcomes in event A and B divided by the total number of outcomes.
P(A and B) = \frac{# of outcomes in A and B}{total # of outcomes}
 = \frac{6}{20}
 = \frac{3}{10}
The probability that a student adheres to a vegetarian diet and would buy a cat is \frac{3}{10}.


Question: Roger has $1,485. How much money will Roger have left if he buys a washing machine and a dishwasher?

Answer: 913

dishwasher | $401
barbecue grill | $512
stove | $591
washing machine | $171

dishwasher
barbecue grill
stove
washing machine

Solution:
Find the total cost of a washing machine and a dishwasher.

$171 + $401 = $572

Now subtract the total cost from the starting amount.

$1,485 - $572 = $913

Roger will have $913 left.


Question: At a hot air balloon festival, Harold made note of how many passengers were in each balloon and the color of each balloon. What is the probability that a randomly selected hot air balloon is blue and contains 1 passenger? Simplify any fractions.

Answer: 1/3

 | 1 passenger | 2 passengers
Blue | 6 | 4
Yellow | 3 | 5

Solution:
Let A be the event "the hot air balloon is blue" and B be the event "the hot air balloon contains 1 passenger".
To find the probability that a hot air balloon is blue and contains 1 passenger, first identify the sample space and the event.
The outcomes in the sample space are the different hot air balloons. Each hot air balloon is equally likely to be selected, so this is a uniform probability model.
The event is A and B, "the hot air balloon is blue and contains 1 passenger".
Since this is a uniform probability model, count the number of outcomes in the event A and B and count the total number of outcomes. Then, divide them to compute the probability.

Find the number of outcomes in the event A and B.
A and B is the event "the hot air balloon is blue and contains 1 passenger", so look at the table to see how many hot air balloons are blue and contain 1 passenger.
The number of hot air balloons that are blue and contain 1 passenger is 6.

Find the total number of outcomes.
Add all the numbers in the table to find the total number of hot air balloons.
6 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 18

Find P(A and B).
Since all outcomes are equally likely, the probability of event A and B is the number of outcomes in event A and B divided by the total number of outcomes.
P(A and B) = \frac{# of outcomes in A and B}{total # of outcomes}
 = \frac{6}{18}
 = \frac{1}{3}
The probability that a hot air balloon is blue and contains 1 passenger is \frac{1}{3}.


Question: A math textbook explains probability by showing a set of cards numbered 4 through 9 and showing the number of people who might draw each card. Which number was drawn the most times?

Answer: 8

Solution: Look at the frequency column. Find the greatest frequency. The greatest frequency is 18, which is in the row for 8. 8 was drawn the most times.


Question: Lola counted the number of peanuts in each bag of trail mix. How many bags had exactly 72 peanuts?

Answer: 4

Solution:
For the number 72, the stem is 7, and the leaf is 2. Find the row where the stem is 7. In that row, count all the leaves equal to 2.

You counted 4 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plot above. 4 bags had exactly 72 peanuts.


Question: Keenan has $1,482.00. Does he have enough to buy a motorcycle and a sailboat?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: yes

sailboat motorcycle canoe snowmobile kayak

Solution:
Add the price of a motorcycle and the price of a sailboat:

$932.00 + $528.00 = $1,460.00

$1,460.00 is less than $1,482.00. Keenan does have enough money.


Question: Jackson, a fitness counselor, counted the number of pull-ups completed by each bootcamp participant. How many participants did more than 1 pull-up?

Answer: 35

Number of pull-ups | Frequency
0 | 17
1 | 15
2 | 4
3 | 0
4 | 19
5 | 12

Solution:
Find the rows for 2, 3, 4, and 5 pull-ups. Add the frequencies for these rows.

Add:

4 + 0 + 19 + 12 = 35

35 participants did more than 1 pull-up.


Question: Look at the following schedule. Which event ends at 4.50 P.M.?

Choices:
- choir concert
- marching band practice
- student government meeting
- men's soccer practice

Answer: student government meeting

Event | Begin | End
women's soccer practice | 2:25 P.M. | 3:35 P.M.
student government meeting | 3:10 P.M. | 4:50 P.M.
men's soccer practice | 4:10 P.M. | 5:35 P.M.
water polo practice | 5:20 P.M. | 6:10 P.M.
marching band practice | 6:00 P.M. | 7:30 P.M.
choir concert | 7:15 P.M. | 8:00 P.M.

women's soccer practice
student government meeting
men's soccer practice
water polo practice
marching band practice
choir concert

Solution: Find 4:50 P. M. on the schedule. The student government meeting ends at 4:50 P. M.


Question: A school administrator who was concerned about grade inflation looked over the number of straight-A students from year to year. According to the table, what was the rate of change between 2019 and 2020?

Answer: 3

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{13 students - 10 students}{2020 - 2019}
 = \frac{13 students - 10 students}{1 year}
 = \frac{3 students}{1 year}
 = 3 students per year
The rate of change between 2019 and 2020 was 3 students per year.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: linear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{6 - 9}{12 - 11}
 = \frac{-3}{1}
 = -3
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{3 - 9}{13 - 11}
 = \frac{-6}{2}
 = -3
The two rates of change are the same.
3.
This means the rate of change is the same for each pair of points. So, the function has a constant rate of change.
The function is linear.


Question: A plant nursery in Oxford keeps records of how many of its plants are annuals, biennials, and perennials. What fraction of the plants are annuals? Simplify your answer.

Answer: 47/137

Type | Number of plants
Biennials | 38
Annuals | 47
Perennials | 52

Solution:
Find how many plants are annuals.

47

Find how many plants the nursery has in total.

38 + 47 + 52 = 137

Divide 47 by137.

\frac{47}{137}

\frac{47}{137} of plants are annuals.


Question: Kathleen, an employee at McCarthy's Convenience Store, looked at the sales of each of its soda products. How much did the convenience store make from Krazy Kola sales on Saturday?

Answer: 2

Beverage | Friday | Saturday
Krazy Kola | $7 | $2
Kickin' Coffee | $10 | $16
Fizzy Fun | $15 | $6

Solution:
First, find the row for Krazy Kola. Then find the number in the Saturday column.

This number is $2.00. The convenience store made $2 from Krazy Kola sales on Saturday.


Question: Aiden went to the store and bought 2+1/2 pounds of marmalade. How much did he spend?

Answer: 10

raspberry jam | $4/lb
blueberry jam | $4/lb
blackberry jam | $8/lb
marmalade | $4/lb

raspberry jam
blueberry jam
blackberry jam
marmalade

Solution:
Find the cost of the marmalade. Multiply the price per pound by the number of pounds.
$4 × 2\frac{1}{2} = $4 × 2.5 = $10
He spent $10.


Question: Each shelf has 2 purple crayons. How many purple crayons are on 4 shelves?

Answer: 8

Number of shelves | Number of purple crayons
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | 6
4 | ?

Solution: Count by twos. Use the chart: there are 8 purple crayons on 4 shelves.


Question: A city's school board compared how many students attend each high school. Which school has the most students?

Choices:
- Truman High
- Oak High
- Hillcrest High
- Watson High

Answer: Truman High

School | Number of students
Truman High | 776
Oak High | 764
Hillcrest High | 746
Watson High | 747

Truman High
Oak High
Hillcrest High
Watson High

Solution:
Find the greatest number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The greatest number is 776.

Now find the corresponding school. Truman High corresponds to 776.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: linear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{11 - 20}{5 - 4}
 = \frac{-9}{1}
 = -9
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the second row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{2 - 11}{6 - 5}
 = \frac{-9}{1}
 = -9
The two rates of change are the same.
9.
This means the rate of change is the same for each pair of points. So, the function has a constant rate of change.
The function is linear.


Question: A waitress kept track of how many hours she worked each day. What is the mean of the numbers?

Answer: 8

Day | Hours
Thursday | 10
Friday | 10
Saturday | 6
Sunday | 6
Monday | 8

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

10, 10, 6, 6, 8

First, count how many numbers are in the group.

There are 5 numbers.

Now add all the numbers together:

10 + 10 + 6 + 6 + 8 = 40

Now divide the sum by the number of numbers:

40 ÷ 5 = 8

The mean is 8.


Question: Krysta has $5,311.00. Does she have enough to buy a boa constrictor and an alpaca?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: no

Solution:
Add the price of a boa constrictor and the price of an alpaca:

$1,483.00 + $3,992.00 = $5,475.00

$5,475.00 is more than $5,311.00. Krysta does not have enough money.


Question: While doing a project for P. E. class, Kendra researched the number of athletes competing in an international sporting event. How many countries have exactly 64 athletes?

Answer: 3

Solution:
For the number 64, the stem is 6, and the leaf is 4. Find the row where the stem is 6. In that row, count all the leaves equal to 4.

You counted 3 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plot above. 3 countries have exactly 64 athletes.


Question: Each shelf has 2 history books. How many history books are on 6 shelves?

Answer: 12

Number of shelves | Number of history books
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | 6
4 | 8
5 | 10
6 | ?

Solution: Count by twos. Use the chart: there are 12 history books on 6 shelves.


Question: Each bunch has 5 balloons. How many balloons are in 4 bunches?

Answer: 20

Number of bunches | Number of balloons
1 | 5
2 | 10
3 | 15
4 | ?

Solution: Count by fives. Use the chart: there are 20 balloons in 4 bunches.


Question: A chef kept track of the number of bananas people ate last week in her cafeteria. How many people ate at least 2 bananas last week?

Answer: 27

Bananas eaten | Frequency
0 | 13
1 | 3
2 | 10
3 | 6
4 | 11

Solution:
Find the rows for 2, 3, and 4 bananas last week. Add the frequencies for these rows.

Add:

10 + 6 + 11 = 27

27 people ate at least 2 bananas last week.


Question: Each table has 10 notepads. How many notepads are on 6 tables?

Answer: 60

Number of tables | Number of notepads
1 | 10
2 | 20
3 | 30
4 | 40
5 | 50
6 | ?

Solution: Count by tens. Use the chart: there are 60 notepads on 6 tables.


Question: While working as a summer camp counselor, Cole monitored how many candy necklaces each child made. How many children did not make any candy necklaces?

Answer: 1

Candy necklaces made | Frequency
0 | 1
1 | 3
2 | 19
3 | 2

Solution:
Find the row for 0 candy necklaces and read the frequency. The frequency is 1.

1 child did not make any candy necklaces.


Question: How much money does Ruben need to buy a white polo shirt and a white T-shirt?

Answer: 14

white polo shirt | $9.00
red hat | $6.00
white T-shirt | $5.00
blue shirt | $2.00
striped scarf | $9.00
pair of shorts | $8.00

white polo shirt
red hat
white T-shirt
blue shirt
striped scarf
pair of shorts

Solution:
Add the price of a white polo shirt and the price of a white T-shirt:

$9.00 + $5.00 = $14.00

Ruben needs $14.00.


Question: Mariana purchased 3/10 of a kilogram of size 1 screws. What was the total cost?

Answer: 0.90

size 4 screws | $4/kilogram
size 6 screws | $4/kilogram
size 5 screws | $4/kilogram
size 1 screws | $3/kilogram
size 3 screws | $3/kilogram

size 4 screws
size 6 screws
size 5 screws
size 1 screws
size 3 screws

Solution:
Find the cost of the size 1 screws. Multiply the price per kilogram by the number of kilograms.
$3 × \frac{3}{10} = $3 × 0.3 = $0.90
The total cost was $0.90.


Question: How much money does Quinn need to buy a package of oatmeal cookies and 4 bags of walnuts?

Answer: 15.87

package of oatmeal cookies | $4.63
frozen pizza | $5.33
bag of flour | $2.68
bag of walnuts | $2.81

package of oatmeal cookies
frozen pizza
bag of flour
bag of walnuts

Solution:
Find the cost of 4 bags of walnuts.

$2.81 × 4 = $11.24

Now find the total cost.

$4.63 + $11.24 = $15.87

Quinn needs $15.87.


Question: If Luther buys 1 pound of raspberry yogurt and 1 pound of low-fat yogurt, how much will he spend?

Answer: 6.59

low-fat yogurt | $3.39 per pound
blueberry yogurt | $2.31 per pound
non-fat yogurt | $2.15 per pound
strawberry yogurt | $3.50 per pound
raspberry yogurt | $3.20 per pound

low-fat yogurt
blueberry yogurt
non-fat yogurt
strawberry yogurt
raspberry yogurt

$3.39 per pound
$2.31 per pound
$2.15 per pound
$3.50 per pound
$3.20 per pound

Solution:
Find the cost of the raspberry yogurt. Multiply:

$3.20 × 1 = $3.20

Find the cost of the low-fat yogurt. Multiply:

$3.39 × 1 = $3.39

Now find the total cost by adding:

$3.20 + $3.39 = $6.59

He will spend $6.59.


Question: A Girl Scout troop recorded how many boxes of cookies they sold each day for a week. According to the table, what was the rate of change between Wednesday and Thursday?

Answer: -4

Day | Boxes of cookies
Monday | 38
Tuesday | 41
Wednesday | 38
Thursday | 34
Friday | 36

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{34 boxes - 38 boxes}{1 day}
 = \frac{-4 boxes}{1 day}
 = -4 boxes per day
The rate of change between Wednesday and Thursday was - 4 boxes per day.


Question: A volunteer for the local running club counted the number of participants at each race. How many races had at least 30 participants but fewer than 60 participants?

Answer: 6

Solution:
Count all the leaves in the rows with stems 3, 4, and 5.

You counted 6 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plot above. 6 races had at least 30 participants but fewer than 60 participants.


Question: Robert entered his sister into their town's Smelly Shoe Competition. Robert observed contestants of all ages proudly strutting around wearing different kinds of smelly shoes. What is the probability that a randomly selected contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12? Simplify any fractions.

Answer: 3/19

 | Under age 12 | 13 to 30 years old
Tennis shoes | 4 | 5
High heels | 3 | 7

Solution:
Let A be the event "the contestant is wearing high heels" and B be the event "the contestant is under age 12".
To find the probability that a contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12, first identify the sample space and the event.
The outcomes in the sample space are the different contestants. Each contestant is equally likely to be selected, so this is a uniform probability model.
The event is A and B, "the contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12".
Since this is a uniform probability model, count the number of outcomes in the event A and B and count the total number of outcomes. Then, divide them to compute the probability.

Find the number of outcomes in the event A and B.
A and B is the event "the contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12", so look at the table to see how many contestants are wearing high heels and are under age 12.
The number of contestants who are wearing high heels and are under age 12 is 3.

Find the total number of outcomes.
Add all the numbers in the table to find the total number of contestants.
4 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 19

Find P(A and B).
Since all outcomes are equally likely, the probability of event A and B is the number of outcomes in event A and B divided by the total number of outcomes.
P(A and B) = \frac{# of outcomes in A and B}{total # of outcomes}
 = \frac{3}{19}
The probability that a contestant is wearing high heels and is under age 12 is \frac{3}{19}.


Question: Jeanette's classmates recorded how many books they read last year. What is the range of the numbers?

Answer: 19

Name | Number of books
Jeanette | 30
Shivani | 49
Martha | 35
Paula | 41
Cara | 35
Larry | 49
Natalie | 36
Alexandra | 42

Jeanette Shivani Martha Paula Cara Larry Natalie Alexandra

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

30, 49, 35, 41, 35, 49, 36, 42

First, find the greatest number. The greatest number is 49.

Next, find the least number. The least number is 30.

Subtract the least number from the greatest number:

49 − 30 = 19

The range is 19.


Question: A farmer wrote down how many kilograms of cherries were sold in the past 4 days. How many more kilograms of cherries were sold on Tuesday than on Monday?

Answer: 743

Day | Kilograms
Sunday | 201
Monday | 101
Tuesday | 844
Wednesday | 305

Solution:
Find the numbers in the table.

Tuesday: 844
Monday: 101

Now subtract: 844 - 101 = 743.

743 more kilograms of cherries were sold on Tuesday.


Question: How much money does Gabe need to buy 7 books of crossword puzzles and 6 books of piano music?

Answer: 64.41

magazine | $4.65
map of the world | $9.65
book of piano music | $7.76
math book | $8.03
book of crossword puzzles | $2.55
map of Canada | $6.27

magazine
map of the world
book of piano music
math book
book of crossword puzzles
map of Canada

Solution:
Find the cost of 7 books of crossword puzzles.

$2.55 × 7 = $17.85

Find the cost of 6 books of piano music.

$7.76 × 6 = $46.56

Now find the total cost.

$17.85 + $46.56 = $64.41

Gabe needs $64.41.


Question: A parent volunteer counted the number of boxes sold by each student participating in the cookie fundraiser. How many students sold at least 4 boxes of cookies?

Answer: 20

Boxes sold | Frequency
1 | 3
2 | 2
3 | 6
4 | 0
5 | 20

Solution:
Find the rows for 4 and 5 boxes of cookies. Add the frequencies for these rows.

Add:

0 + 20 = 20

20 students sold at least 4 boxes of cookies.


Question: A college professor asked her Psychology students to complete a personality test. She paid special attention to her students' career goals and their greatest fears. What is the probability that a randomly selected student has a fear of heights and wants to be a social worker? Simplify any fractions.

Answer: 1/6

 | Social worker | Doctor
Fear of snakes | 8 | 2
Fear of heights | 3 | 5

Solution:
Let A be the event "the student has a fear of heights" and B be the event "the student wants to be a social worker".
To find the probability that a student has a fear of heights and wants to be a social worker, first identify the sample space and the event.
The outcomes in the sample space are the different students. Each student is equally likely to be selected, so this is a uniform probability model.
The event is A and B, "the student has a fear of heights and wants to be a social worker".
Since this is a uniform probability model, count the number of outcomes in the event A and B and count the total number of outcomes. Then, divide them to compute the probability.

Find the number of outcomes in the event A and B.
A and B is the event "the student has a fear of heights and wants to be a social worker", so look at the table to see how many students have a fear of heights and want to be a social worker.
The number of students who have a fear of heights and want to be a social worker is 3.

Find the total number of outcomes.
Add all the numbers in the table to find the total number of students.
8 + 3 + 2 + 5 = 18

Find P(A and B).
Since all outcomes are equally likely, the probability of event A and B is the number of outcomes in event A and B divided by the total number of outcomes.
P(A and B) = \frac{# of outcomes in A and B}{total # of outcomes}
 = \frac{3}{18}
 = \frac{1}{6}
The probability that a student has a fear of heights and wants to be a social worker is \frac{1}{6}.


Question: Look at Carly's pay stub. Carly lives in a state without state income tax. How much payroll tax did Carly pay in total?

Answer: 80.17

Employee | Pay period |
Carly Faber | March 18-24 |
Total earnings | | $427.00
Federal income tax | $47.50 |
Other taxes | $32.67 |
Total taxes | | ?
Pay after taxes | | ?

Carly Faber
Total earnings
Federal income tax
Other taxes
Total taxes
Pay after taxes

Solution:
To find the total payroll tax, add the federal income tax and the other taxes.
The federal income tax is $47.50. The other taxes are $32.67. Add.
$47.50 + $32.67 = $80.17
Carly paid a total of $80.17 in payroll tax.


Question: To figure out how many vacation days she had left to use, Mandy looked over her old calendars to figure out how many days of vacation she had taken each year. According to the table, what was the rate of change between 2016 and 2017?

Answer: 8

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{26 vacation days - 18 vacation days}{2017 - 2016}
 = \frac{26 vacation days - 18 vacation days}{1 year}
 = \frac{8 vacation days}{1 year}
 = 8 vacation days per year
The rate of change between 2016 and 2017 was 8 vacation days per year.


Question: Look at the following schedule. Which stop does the train depart from at 2.45 A.M.?

Choices:
- Newberg
- Lakeside
- Princeton
- Oakland

Answer: Princeton

Princeton Westminster Newberg Belleville Stamford Oakland Salem Oakdale Lakeside

Solution: Find 2:45 A. M. on the schedule. The train departs from Princeton at 2:45 A. M.


Question: Josie has two part-time jobs. She works at the ice skating rink in the fall and winter, and she works at the amusement park during the spring and summer. Here are her yearly finances. What is Josie's gross income for the year?

Answer: 40,851

Earnings from job at the ice skating rink | $19,760
Earnings from job at the amusement park | $21,091
Income tax and other payroll taxes | $6,873

Solution:
Josie's gross income is her total earnings before taxes are taken out. Add the earnings from Josie's two part-time jobs to find her gross income.
$19,760 + $21,091 = $40,851
Josie's gross income for the year is $40,851.
You do not need the information about Josie's income tax and other payroll taxes to find her gross income.


Question: The shop teacher, Mr. Suzuki, wrote down how many picture frames the students made last week. How many students made more than 1 picture frame?

Answer: 18

Picture frames made | Frequency
0 | 0
1 | 2
2 | 11
3 | 7

Solution:
Find the rows for 2 and 3 picture frames. Add the frequencies for these rows.

Add:

11 + 7 = 18

18 students made more than 1 picture frame.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: linear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{10 - 0}{19 - 18}
 = \frac{10}{1}
 = 10
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{20 - 0}{20 - 18}
 = \frac{20}{2}
 = 10
The two rates of change are the same.
If you checked the rate of change between rows 2 and 3, you would find that it is also 10.
This means the rate of change is the same for each pair of points. So, the function has a constant rate of change.
The function is linear.


Question: The manager of a party supply store researched how many balloons it sold in the past 6 days. What is the mode of the numbers?

Answer: 5

Day | Number of balloons
Saturday | 4
Sunday | 3
Monday | 4
Tuesday | 5
Wednesday | 5
Thursday | 5

Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5

First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:

3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5

Now count how many times each number appears.

3 appears 1 time.
4 appears 2 times.
5 appears 3 times.

The number that appears most often is 5.

The mode is 5.


Question: Reggie has $0.50. Does he have enough to buy a thin green highlighter and a small box of paper clips?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: yes

bright yellow highlighter | $0.29
thick black marker | $0.72
thin green highlighter | $0.14
small box of paper clips | $0.25
thin blue marker | $0.77

bright yellow highlighter
thick black marker
thin green highlighter
small box of paper clips
thin blue marker

Solution:
Add the price of a thin green highlighter and the price of a small box of paper clips:

$0.14 + $0.25 = $0.39

$0.39 is less than $0.50. Reggie does have enough money.


Question: How much would it cost to buy 5 pounds of soybeans?

Answer: 7

sesame seeds | $4.65 per lb
pumpkin seeds | $3.95 per lb
soybeans | $1.40 per lb
lentils | $1.08 per lb

sesame seeds
pumpkin seeds
soybeans
lentils

$4.65 per lb
$3.95 per lb
$1.40 per lb
$1.08 per lb

Solution:
Find the cost of the soybeans. Multiply the price per pound by the number of pounds.

$1.40 × 5 = $7

It would cost $7.


Question: A machine at the candy factory dispensed different numbers of lemon-flavored candies into various bags. How many bags had at least 54 lemon-flavored candies?

Answer: 7

Solution:
Find the row with stem 5. Count all the leaves greater than or equal to 4.

Count all the leaves in the rows with stems 6, 7, 8, and 9.

You counted 7 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plots above. 7 bags had at least 54 lemon-flavored candies.


Question: Look at the table. Then answer the question. At a price of $385, is there a shortage or a surplus?

Choices:
- shortage
- surplus

Answer: shortage

Solution: At the price of $385, the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied. There is not enough of the good or service for sale at that price. So, there is a shortage.


Question: Riley counted the number of words per page in her new book. What is the smallest number of words?

Answer: 65

Solution:
Look at the first row of the stem-and-leaf plot. The first row has the lowest stem. The stem for the first row is 6.

Now find the lowest leaf in the first row. The lowest leaf is 5.

The smallest number of words has a stem of 6 and a leaf of 5. Write the stem first, then the leaf: 65.

The smallest number of words is 65 words.


Question: If Wesley buys 3 kilograms of blue beads, how much will he spend?

Answer: 6

blue beads | $2/kg
yellow beads | $3/kg
green beads | $3/kg
red beads | $3/kg

blue beads
yellow beads
green beads
red beads

Solution:
Find the cost of the blue beads. Multiply the price per kilogram by the number of kilograms.

$2 × 3 = $6

He will spend $6.


Question: The teachers at a middle school counted how many computers they had in their classrooms. Which teacher has the most computers?

Choices:
- Mrs. Rossi
- Mr. Watson
- Mrs. Tan
- Ms. Cohen

Answer: Mr. Watson

Teacher | Number of computers
Mrs. Rossi | 18
Mr. Watson | 19
Mrs. Tan | 11
Ms. Cohen | 17

Mrs. Rossi
Mr. Watson
Mrs. Tan
Ms. Cohen

Solution:
Find the greatest number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The greatest number is 19.

Now find the corresponding teacher. Mr. Watson corresponds to 19.


Question: An office manager counts the number of letters sent by each of her company's employees each week. How many employees mailed at least 3 letters?

Answer: 29

Letters mailed | Frequency
0 | 1
1 | 5
2 | 16
3 | 20
4 | 9

Solution:
Find the rows for 3 and 4 letters. Add the frequencies for these rows.

Add:

20 + 9 = 29

29 employees mailed at least 3 letters.


Question: Kaylee graphed the temperature at noon for 7 days. What is the range of the numbers?

Answer: 4

Day | Temperature (Â°C)
Sunday | 8
Monday | 8
Tuesday | 7
Wednesday | 7
Thursday | 5
Friday | 6
Saturday | 4

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

8, 8, 7, 7, 5, 6, 4

First, find the greatest number. The greatest number is 8.

Next, find the least number. The least number is 4.

Subtract the least number from the greatest number:

8 − 4 = 4

The range is 4.


Question: Felipe's class tracked how many newspapers each student collected for their recycling project. What is the mean of the numbers?

Answer: 64

Name | Number of newspapers
Felipe | 67
Wyatt | 66
Clara | 68
Dalton | 72
Samuel | 56
Owen | 56
Tristan | 63

Felipe Wyatt Clara Dalton Samuel Owen Tristan

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

67, 66, 68, 72, 56, 56, 63

First, count how many numbers are in the group.

There are 7 numbers.

Now add all the numbers together:

67 + 66 + 68 + 72 + 56 + 56 + 63 = 448

Now divide the sum by the number of numbers:

448 ÷ 7 = 64

The mean is 64.


Question: A coffee shop monitored the number of cups of coffee sold each day. What is the median of the numbers?

Answer: 60

Day | Number of cups
Wednesday | 71
Thursday | 57
Friday | 69
Saturday | 59
Sunday | 65
Monday | 58
Tuesday | 60

Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

71, 57, 69, 59, 65, 58, 60

First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:

57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 69, 71

Now find the number in the middle.

57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 69, 71

The number in the middle is 60.

The median is 60.


Question: A transportation analyst compared various bridges' tolls. Which charges more for a car, the Golden Gate bridge or the Oakland Bay bridge?

Choices:
- Golden Gate
- Oakland Bay

Answer: Golden Gate

Bridge | Truck | Car
Fort Madison | $4 | $1
Golden Gate | $7 | $6
San Mateo | $6 | $4
Oakland Bay | $6 | $4

Fort Madison
Golden Gate
San Mateo
Oakland Bay

Solution:
Find the Car column. Compare the numbers in this column for Golden Gate and Oakland Bay.

$6.00 is more than $4.00. The Golden Gate bridge charges more for a car.


Question: Mrs. Newman hosts an annual art contest for kids, and she keeps a record of the number of entries each year. According to the table, what was the rate of change between 2012 and 2013?

Answer: 5

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{33 entries - 28 entries}{2013 - 2012}
 = \frac{33 entries - 28 entries}{1 year}
 = \frac{5 entries}{1 year}
 = 5 entries per year
The rate of change between 2012 and 2013 was 5 entries per year.


Question: The employee at the department store counted the number of ties on each tie rack. How many racks have at least 18 ties but fewer than 46 ties?

Answer: 9

Solution:
Find the row with stem 1. Count all the leaves greater than or equal to 8.

Count all the leaves in the rows with stems 2 and 3.

In the row with stem 4, count all the leaves less than 6.

You counted 9 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plots above. 9 racks have at least 18 ties but fewer than 46 ties.


Question: Professor Gilmore informed his students of their scores on the midterm exam. How many students scored fewer than 80 points?

Answer: 19

Solution:
Count all the leaves in the rows with stems 4, 5, 6, and 7.

You counted 19 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plot above. 19 students scored fewer than 80 points.


Question: A technical support line tracked how many calls it received each day. On which day did the support line receive the fewest calls?

Choices:
- Sunday
- Monday
- Tuesday
- Wednesday

Answer: Sunday

Day | Number of calls
Sunday | 434
Monday | 435
Tuesday | 459
Wednesday | 445

Solution:
Find the least number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The least number is 434.

Now find the corresponding day. Sunday corresponds to 434.


Question: Shane's school reported how many members each sports team had. Which team has the most members?

Choices:
- wrestling team
- volleyball team
- track team
- swimming team

Answer: volleyball team

Team | Number of members
wrestling team | 27
volleyball team | 29
track team | 21
swimming team | 26

wrestling team
volleyball team
track team
swimming team

Solution:
Find the greatest number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The greatest number is 29.

Now find the corresponding team. Volleyball team corresponds to 29.


Question: Look at this table. Is this relation a function?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: yes

Solution:
Look at the x-values in the table.

Each of the x-values is paired with only one y-value, so the relation is a function.


Question: Ava has $13,906.00. Does she have enough to buy a designer handbag and a designer coat?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: no

pair of designer shoes | $7,759.00
designer coat | $5,950.00
designer handbag | $8,180.00
designer ball gown | $8,585.00
designer watch | $3,232.00
pair of designer boots | $5,839.00

pair of designer shoes
designer coat
designer handbag
designer ball gown
designer watch
pair of designer boots

Solution:
Add the price of a designer handbag and the price of a designer coat:

$8,180.00 + $5,950.00 = $14,130.00

$14,130.00 is more than $13,906.00. Ava does not have enough money.


Question: Emilia went to the store and bought 5 pounds of gingersnap cookie dough, 4 pounds of snickerdoodle cookie dough, and 2 pounds of chocolate chip cookie dough. How much did she spend?

Answer: 70

gingersnap cookie dough | $8/pound
snickerdoodle cookie dough | $4/pound
double chocolate cookie dough | $8/pound
oatmeal raisin cookie dough | $6/pound
peanut butter cookie dough | $8/pound
chocolate chip cookie dough | $7/pound

gingersnap cookie dough
snickerdoodle cookie dough
double chocolate cookie dough
oatmeal raisin cookie dough
peanut butter cookie dough
chocolate chip cookie dough

Solution:
Find the cost of the gingersnap cookie dough. Multiply:

$8 × 5 = $40

Find the cost of the snickerdoodle cookie dough. Multiply:

$4 × 4 = $16

Find the cost of the chocolate chip cookie dough. Multiply:

$7 × 2 = $14

Now find the total cost by adding:

$40 + $16 + $14 = $70

She spent $70.


Question: How much more does a pair of skis cost than a set of golf clubs?

Answer: 316

mountain bike | $633
wetsuit | $282
pair of skis | $648
surfboard | $783
set of golf clubs | $332

mountain bike
wetsuit
pair of skis
surfboard
set of golf clubs

Solution:
Subtract the price of a set of golf clubs from the price of a pair of skis.

$648 - $332 = $316

A pair of skis costs $316 more than a set of golf clubs.


Question: Daniel paid attention to how many comic strips he read in the past 7 days. What is the mean of the numbers?

Answer: 4

Day | Number of comic strips
Saturday | 5
Sunday | 1
Monday | 8
Tuesday | 2
Wednesday | 3
Thursday | 7
Friday | 2

Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

5, 1, 8, 2, 3, 7, 2

First, count how many numbers are in the group.

There are 7 numbers.

Now add all the numbers together:

5 + 1 + 8 + 2 + 3 + 7 + 2 = 28

Now divide the sum by the number of numbers:

28 ÷ 7 = 4

The mean is 4.


Question: How much money does Nina need to buy 2 orders of buttermilk pancakes?

Answer: 14.48

blueberry pancakes | $8.62
buttermilk pancakes | $7.24
poached eggs | $3.49
poppyseed muffin | $1.08

blueberry pancakes
buttermilk pancakes
poached eggs
poppyseed muffin

Solution:
Find the total cost of 2 orders of buttermilk pancakes by multiplying 2 times the price of buttermilk pancakes.

$7.24 × 2 = $14.48

Nina needs $14.48.


Question: How much money does Gabby need to buy 5 tickets for a Caribbean cruise?

Answer: 4,940

ticket for a South American cruise | $251.00
ticket for an Australian cruise | $257.00
ticket for a Caribbean cruise | $988.00
ticket for an Alaskan cruise | $627.00

ticket for a South American cruise
ticket for an Australian cruise
ticket for a Caribbean cruise
ticket for an Alaskan cruise

Solution:
Find the total cost of 5 tickets for a Caribbean cruise by multiplying 5 times the price of a ticket for a Caribbean cruise.

$988.00 × 5 = $4,940.00

Gabby needs $4,940.00.


Question: Jennifer was the lucky journalist assigned to cover the Best Beard Competition. She recorded the contestants' beard colors in her notepad. Jennifer also noted if the contestants were signed up for the mustache competition later in the day. What is the probability that a randomly selected contestant is also in the mustache competition and has a red beard? Simplify any fractions.

Answer: 1/3

 | Red beard | Grey beard
Only in the beard competition | 5 | 3
Also in the mustache competition | 5 | 2

Only in the beard competition
Also in the mustache competition

Solution:
Let A be the event "the contestant is also in the mustache competition" and B be the event "the contestant has a red beard".
To find the probability that a contestant is also in the mustache competition and has a red beard, first identify the sample space and the event.
The outcomes in the sample space are the different contestants. Each contestant is equally likely to be selected, so this is a uniform probability model.
The event is A and B, "the contestant is also in the mustache competition and has a red beard".
Since this is a uniform probability model, count the number of outcomes in the event A and B and count the total number of outcomes. Then, divide them to compute the probability.

Find the number of outcomes in the event A and B.
A and B is the event "the contestant is also in the mustache competition and has a red beard", so look at the table to see how many contestants are also in the mustache competition and have a red beard.
The number of contestants who are also in the mustache competition and have a red beard is 5.

Find the total number of outcomes.
Add all the numbers in the table to find the total number of contestants.
5 + 5 + 3 + 2 = 15

Find P(A and B).
Since all outcomes are equally likely, the probability of event A and B is the number of outcomes in event A and B divided by the total number of outcomes.
P(A and B) = \frac{# of outcomes in A and B}{total # of outcomes}
 = \frac{5}{15}
 = \frac{1}{3}
The probability that a contestant is also in the mustache competition and has a red beard is \frac{1}{3}.


Question: Look at the following schedule. Jake got on the bus at the hotel at 8.45 A.M. What time will he get to the baseball stadium?

Choices:
- 9:15 A.M.
- 1:00 P.M.
- 11:00 A.M.
- 9:30 A.M.

Answer: 9:30 A.M.

park
hotel
baseball stadium
downtown
airport
football stadium
art museum
softball field

Solution:
Find 8:45 A. M. in the row for the hotel. That column shows the schedule for the bus that Jake is on.

Look down the column until you find the row for the baseball stadium.

Jake will get to the baseball stadium at 9:30 A. M.


Question: A toy store employee counted the number of toys in each bin in the sale section. What is the largest number of toys?

Answer: 88

Solution:
Look at the last row of the stem-and-leaf plot. The last row has the highest stem. The stem for the last row is 8.

Now find the highest leaf in the last row. The highest leaf is 8.

The largest number of toys has a stem of 8 and a leaf of 8. Write the stem first, then the leaf: 88.

The largest number of toys is 88 toys.


Question: Some friends compared the sizes of their sticker collections. What is the mean of the numbers?

Answer: 70

Name | Number of stickers
Diego | 74
Tammy | 66
Nellie | 72
Wanda | 71
Zane | 69
Jared | 71
Alexa | 69
Vicky | 68

Diego Tammy Nellie Wanda Zane Jared Alexa Vicky

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

74, 66, 72, 71, 69, 71, 69, 68

First, count how many numbers are in the group.

There are 8 numbers.

Now add all the numbers together:

74 + 66 + 72 + 71 + 69 + 71 + 69 + 68 = 560

Now divide the sum by the number of numbers:

560 ÷ 8 = 70

The mean is 70.


Question: Look at the table. Then answer the question. At a price of $635, is there a shortage or a surplus?

Choices:
- shortage
- surplus

Answer: surplus

Solution: At the price of $635, the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied. There is too much of the good or service for sale at that price. So, there is a surplus.


Question: In order to complete their model of a futuristic highway, students in Ms. Frank's design class find out how many toy cars each student can bring to class. How many students have more than 1 toy car?

Answer: 62

Solution:
Find the rows for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 toy cars. Add the frequencies for these rows.

Add:

17 + 6 + 19 + 2 + 18 = 62

62 students have more than 1 toy car.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: linear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{11 - 2}{5 - 4}
 = \frac{9}{1}
 = 9
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{20 - 2}{6 - 4}
 = \frac{18}{2}
 = 9
The two rates of change are the same.
If you checked the rate of change between rows 2 and 3, you would find that it is also 9.
This means the rate of change is the same for each pair of points. So, the function has a constant rate of change.
The function is linear.


Question: How much more does a crane cost than a hydrofoil?

Answer: 522

Solution:
Subtract the price of a hydrofoil from the price of a crane.

$8,867.00 - $8,345.00 = $522.00

A crane costs $522.00 more than a hydrofoil.


Question: Jeanette just returned from a spring break volunteer trip. She is shopping for a photo album that will showcase her photos from the trip. The albums range in photo capacity and orientation. What is the probability that a randomly selected photo album is oriented vertically and holds exactly 100 photos? Simplify any fractions.

Answer: 3/13

 | 50 photos | 100 photos
Horizontally | 2 | 4
Vertically | 4 | 3

Solution:
Let A be the event "the photo album is oriented vertically" and B be the event "the photo album holds exactly100 photos".
To find the probability that a photo album is oriented vertically and holds exactly100 photos, first identify the sample space and the event.
The outcomes in the sample space are the different photo albums. Each photo album is equally likely to be selected, so this is a uniform probability model.
The event is A and B, "the photo album is oriented vertically and holds exactly100 photos".
Since this is a uniform probability model, count the number of outcomes in the event A and B and count the total number of outcomes. Then, divide them to compute the probability.

Find the number of outcomes in the event A and B.
A and B is the event "the photo album is oriented vertically and holds exactly100 photos", so look at the table to see how many photo albums are oriented vertically and hold exactly100 photos.
The number of photo albums that are oriented vertically and hold exactly100 photos is 3.

Find the total number of outcomes.
Add all the numbers in the table to find the total number of photo albums.
2 + 4 + 4 + 3 = 13

Find P(A and B).
Since all outcomes are equally likely, the probability of event A and B is the number of outcomes in event A and B divided by the total number of outcomes.
P(A and B) = \frac{# of outcomes in A and B}{total # of outcomes}
 = \frac{3}{13}
The probability that a photo album is oriented vertically and holds exactly100 photos is \frac{3}{13}.


Question: Zach just downloaded the new game Gem Excavator on his phone. In the first level, Zach gains points for each green gem he finds. However, he loses points for each red gem he finds. The table shows how the gems affect Zach's points. Which color gem affects Zach's points less?

Choices:
- green
- red

Answer: green

Gem color | Change in points
Green | 25
Red | -40

Solution:
To find the gem that affects Zach's points less, use absolute value. Absolute value tells you how much Zach's points change for each color gem.
Green: |25| = 25
Red: |-40| = 40
Zach gains 25 points for each green gem he finds, and he loses 40 points for each red gem he finds. So, the green gems affect Zach's points less.


Question: The houses in Myra's town get their water from a local reservoir. Myra and a group of engineers monitor the water level for safety and health reasons. The change in water level over two months is shown in the table. During which month did the water level change more?

Choices:
- April
- May

Answer: April

Month | Change in water level (in.)
April | -6
May | 4

Solution:
A positive change means the water level went up. A negative change means the water level went down.
To find the month the water level changed more, use absolute value. Absolute value tells you how much the water level changed each month.
April: |-6| = 6
May: |4| = 4
The water level went down 6 inches in April, and it only went up 4 inches in May. The water level changed more in April.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: linear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{10 - 1}{14 - 13}
 = \frac{9}{1}
 = 9
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{19 - 1}{15 - 13}
 = \frac{18}{2}
 = 9
The two rates of change are the same.
If you checked the rate of change between rows 2 and 3, you would find that it is also 9.
This means the rate of change is the same for each pair of points. So, the function has a constant rate of change.
The function is linear.


Question: How much would it cost to buy 1 kilogram of tuna and 2 kilograms of catfish?

Answer: 9

catfish | $3 per kg
halibut | $4 per kg
tuna | $3 per kg
tilapia | $2 per kg
salmon | $3 per kg

$3 per kg
$4 per kg
$3 per kg
$2 per kg
$3 per kg

Solution:
Find the cost of the tuna. Multiply:

$3 × 1 = $3

Find the cost of the catfish. Multiply:

$3 × 2 = $6

Now find the total cost by adding:

$3 + $6 = $9

It would cost $9.


Question: Look at the table. Then answer the question. At a price of $1,020, is there a shortage or a surplus?

Choices:
- shortage
- surplus

Answer: surplus

Solution: At the price of $1,020, the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied. There is too much of the good or service for sale at that price. So, there is a surplus.


Question: Lamar has $26,720.00. How much money will Lamar have left if he buys a green station wagon and a red sports car?

Answer: 8,535

green station wagon | $9,657.00
red sports car | $8,528.00
red two-door coupe | $6,130.00
black convertible | $5,471.00

green station wagon
red sports car
red two-door coupe
black convertible

Solution:
Find the total cost of a green station wagon and a red sports car.

$9,657.00 + $8,528.00 = $18,185.00

Now subtract the total cost from the starting amount.

$26,720.00 - $18,185.00 = $8,535.00

Lamar will have $8,535.00 left.


Question: Each year the Springdale School District publishes its annual budget, which includes information on the sports program's per-student spending. According to the table, what was the rate of change between 2012 and 2013?

Answer: 2

Springdale School District sports budget

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{$27 - $25}{2013 - 2012}
 = \frac{$27 - $25}{1 year}
 = \frac{$2}{1 year}
 = $2 per year
The rate of change between 2012 and 2013 was $2 per year.


Question: Maddie's class paid attention to how many bottles each student collected for their recycling project. What is the range of the numbers?

Answer: 5

Name | Number of bottles
Maddie | 33
Vicky | 33
Juan | 35
Norma | 36
Patrick | 31
Katie | 35
Brenda | 32
Dwayne | 33

Maddie Vicky Juan Norma Patrick Katie Brenda Dwayne

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

33, 33, 35, 36, 31, 35, 32, 33

First, find the greatest number. The greatest number is 36.

Next, find the least number. The least number is 31.

Subtract the least number from the greatest number:

36 − 31 = 5

The range is 5.


Question: A school interested in expanding its playground counted the number of times that students went down the slide during recess. How many students went down the slide more than 2 times?

Answer: 17

Number of times | Frequency
0 | 10
1 | 19
2 | 1
3 | 12
4 | 5

Solution:
Find the rows for 3 and 4 times. Add the frequencies for these rows.

Add:

12 + 5 = 17

17 students went down the slide more than 2 times.


Question: Oscar has $12,538.00. Does he have enough to buy a ticket for a Mediterranean cruise and a ticket for an Atlantic cruise?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: no

ticket for an Atlantic cruise | $6,795.00
ticket for a Caribbean cruise | $1,581.00
ticket for a Mexican cruise | $3,769.00
ticket for a South American cruise | $6,109.00
ticket for a Mediterranean cruise | $6,138.00

ticket for an Atlantic cruise
ticket for a Caribbean cruise
ticket for a Mexican cruise
ticket for a South American cruise
ticket for a Mediterranean cruise

Solution:
Add the price of a ticket for a Mediterranean cruise and the price of a ticket for an Atlantic cruise:

$6,138.00 + $6,795.00 = $12,933.00

$12,933.00 is more than $12,538.00. Oscar does not have enough money.


Question: How much money does Helen need to buy 4 cookie sheets and a glass bowl?

Answer: 47.40

plastic bowl | $1.61
cookie sheet | $9.86
rolling pin | $8.65
funnel | $1.01
coffee mug | $4.25
glass bowl | $7.96

plastic bowl
cookie sheet
rolling pin
funnel
coffee mug
glass bowl

Solution:
Find the cost of 4 cookie sheets.

$9.86 × 4 = $39.44

Now find the total cost.

$39.44 + $7.96 = $47.40

Helen needs $47.40.


Question: A researcher recorded the number of cows on each farm in the county. What is the largest number of cows?

Answer: 88

Solution:
Look at the last row of the stem-and-leaf plot. The last row has the highest stem. The stem for the last row is 8.

Now find the highest leaf in the last row. The highest leaf is 8.

The largest number of cows has a stem of 8 and a leaf of 8. Write the stem first, then the leaf: 88.

The largest number of cows is 88 cows.


Question: A baker wrote down how many pies she made in the past 7 days. What is the mean of the numbers?

Answer: 6

Day | Number of pies
Wednesday | 0
Thursday | 2
Friday | 10
Saturday | 8
Sunday | 5
Monday | 7
Tuesday | 10

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

0, 2, 10, 8, 5, 7, 10

First, count how many numbers are in the group.

There are 7 numbers.

Now add all the numbers together:

0 + 2 + 10 + 8 + 5 + 7 + 10 = 42

Now divide the sum by the number of numbers:

42 ÷ 7 = 6

The mean is 6.


Question: Dr. Barton, a zoo director, researched ticket prices at other zoos around the country. How much more does a senior ticket cost at the San Francisco Zoo than at the Central Florida Zoo?

Answer: 3

Zoo | Child | Senior
San Francisco | $9 | $12
Central Florida | $7 | $9
Atlanta | $14 | $15

Solution:
Find the Senior column. Find the numbers in this column for San Francisco and Central Florida.

San Francisco: $12.00
Central Florida: $9.00

Now subtract:

$12.00 − $9.00 = $3.00

A senior cost $3 more at the San Francisco Zoo than at the Central Florida Zoo.


Question: The Springfield Middle School fundraising committee found out how many sweatshirts students already had, in order to decide whether to sell sweatshirts for a fundraiser. How many students have more than 2 sweatshirts?

Answer: 19

Number of sweatshirts | Frequency
0 | 8
1 | 18
2 | 11
3 | 19

Solution:
Find the row for 3 sweatshirts and read the frequency. The frequency is 19.

19 students have more than 2 sweatshirts.


Question: An employee at the craft store counted the number of red buttons in each bag of mixed buttons. What is the largest number of red buttons?

Answer: 59

Solution:
Look at the last row of the stem-and-leaf plot. The last row has the highest stem. The stem for the last row is 5.

Now find the highest leaf in the last row. The highest leaf is 9.

The largest number of red buttons has a stem of 5 and a leaf of 9. Write the stem first, then the leaf: 59.

The largest number of red buttons is 59 red buttons.


Question: Dr. Lin, a pediatrician, weighed all the children who recently visited her office. How many children weighed exactly 30 pounds?

Answer: 4

Solution:
For the number 30, the stem is 3, and the leaf is 0. Find the row where the stem is 3. In that row, count all the leaves equal to 0.

You counted 4 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plot above. 4 children weighed exactly 30 pounds.


Question: How much money does Connor need to buy a mechanical pencil and a bright yellow highlighter?

Answer: 0.07

bright yellow highlighter | $0.01
thin green highlighter | $0.06
green colored pencil | $0.02
mechanical pencil | $0.06
small box of paper clips | $0.06
orange marker | $0.02

bright yellow highlighter
thin green highlighter
green colored pencil
mechanical pencil
small box of paper clips
orange marker

Solution:
Add the price of a mechanical pencil and the price of a bright yellow highlighter:

$0.06 + $0.01 = $0.07

Connor needs $0.07.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: nonlinear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{6 - 16}{7 - 6}
 = \frac{-10}{1}
 = -10
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the second row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{0 - 6}{8 - 7}
 = \frac{-6}{1}
 = -6
The rate of change is not the same for each pair of points. So, the function does not have a constant rate of change.
The function is nonlinear.


Question: An administrator at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) tracked the average wait time from month to month. According to the table, what was the rate of change between April and May?

Answer: -1

Month | Waiting time (minutes)
March | 13
April | 18
May | 17
June | 17
July | 16

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{17 minutes - 18 minutes}{1 month}
 = \frac{-1 minutes}{1 month}
 = -1 minutes per month
The rate of change between April and May was - 1 minutes per month.


Question: How much more does a bottle of mustard cost than a jar of tomato sauce?

Answer: 0.24

jar of tomato sauce | $0.64
bottle of ketchup | $0.76
bottle of hot sauce | $0.85
bottle of vinegar | $0.73
bottle of soy sauce | $0.82
bottle of mustard | $0.88

jar of tomato sauce
bottle of ketchup
bottle of hot sauce
bottle of vinegar
bottle of soy sauce
bottle of mustard

Solution:
Subtract the price of a jar of tomato sauce from the price of a bottle of mustard.

$0.88 - $0.64 = $0.24

A bottle of mustard costs $0.24 more than a jar of tomato sauce.


Question: Justin's Candies has been studying how much chocolate people have been eating in different countries. Which country consumed less chocolate per capita in 2005, Australia or Sweden?

Choices:
- Sweden
- Australia

Answer: Australia

Country | 2002 | 2005
Austria | 8 | 9
Australia | 4 | 5
Belgium | 8 | 11
Sweden | 8 | 7
Denmark | 9 | 8

Country Austria Australia Belgium Sweden Denmark

Solution:
Find the 2005 column. Compare the numbers in this column for Australia and Sweden.

5 is less than 7. Australia consumed less chocolate per capita in 2005.


Question: How much more does a winter jacket cost than a pair of sweat pants?

Answer: 16.19

red sweater | $11.60
winter jacket | $33.37
pair of tennis shoes | $43.78
pair of jeans | $39.31
pair of sweat pants | $17.18

red sweater
winter jacket
pair of tennis shoes
pair of jeans
pair of sweat pants

Solution:
Subtract the price of a pair of sweat pants from the price of a winter jacket.

$33.37 - $17.18 = $16.19

A winter jacket costs $16.19 more than a pair of sweat pants.


Question: A pet store owner had his staff count the number of fish in each tank. How many tanks have fewer than 70 fish?

Answer: 17

Solution:
Count all the leaves in the rows with stems 3, 4, 5, and 6.

You counted 17 leaves, which are blue in the stem-and-leaf plot above. 17 tanks have fewer than 70 fish.


Question: Look at Margarita's pay stub. Margarita lives in a state without state income tax. How much did Margarita make after taxes?

Answer: 542.04

Employee | Pay period |
Margarita Perez | September 9-15 |
Total earnings | | $670.00
Federal income tax | $76.70 |
Other taxes | $51.26 |
Total taxes | | ?
Pay after taxes | | ?

Margarita Perez
Total earnings
Federal income tax
Other taxes
Total taxes
Pay after taxes

Solution:
Find how much Margarita made after taxes. Find the total payroll tax, then subtract it from the total earnings.
To find the total payroll tax, add the federal income tax and the other taxes.
The total earnings are $670.00. The total payroll tax is $127.96. Subtract to find the difference.
$670.00 - $127.96 = $542.04
Margarita made $542.04 after taxes.


Question: Each desk drawer has 2 notepads. How many notepads are in 4 desk drawers?

Answer: 8

Number of desk drawers | Number of notepads
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | 6
4 | ?

Solution: Count by twos. Use the chart: there are 8 notepads in 4 desk drawers.


Question: Look at the following schedule. At which stop does the train arrive at 1.15 P.M.?

Choices:
- Hickory Road
- Lee Avenue
- Church Road
- Center Boulevard

Answer: Lee Avenue

Location | Time
Spruce Boulevard | 10:40 A.M.
Church Road | 11:30 A.M.
Meadow Road | 12:00 P.M.
Center Boulevard | 12:10 P.M.
Hickory Road | 12:40 P.M.
Lee Avenue | 1:15 P.M.
Franklin Boulevard | 2:05 P.M.

Spruce Boulevard
Church Road
Meadow Road
Center Boulevard
Hickory Road
Lee Avenue
Franklin Boulevard

Solution: Find 1:15 P. M. on the schedule. The train arrives at Lee Avenue at 1:15 P. M.


Question: Heather's classmates revealed how many science articles they read. How many more science articles did Heather read than Danny?

Answer: 212

Name | Number of science articles
Gabe | 528
Danny | 177
Jacob | 837
Heather | 389

Solution:
Find the numbers in the table.

Heather: 389
Danny: 177

Now subtract: 389 - 177 = 212.

Heather read 212 more science articles.


Question: How much more does a trumpet cost than a piccolo?

Answer: 543

clarinet keyboard trumpet saxophone piccolo

Solution:
Subtract the price of a piccolo from the price of a trumpet.

$969.00 - $426.00 = $543.00

A trumpet costs $543.00 more than a piccolo.


Question: A transportation analyst compared various bridges' tolls. On the George Washington bridge, how much more is the toll for a truck than for a car?

Answer: 8

Bridge | Truck | Car
Tacoma Narrows | $4 | $3
Hatem | $10 | $5
George Washington | $16 | $8
San Mateo | $6 | $4

Tacoma Narrows
Hatem
George Washington
San Mateo

Solution:
Find the George Washington row. Find the numbers in this row for truck and car.

truck: $16.00
car: $8.00

Now subtract:

$16.00 − $8.00 = $8.00

On the George Washington bridge, the toll for a truck is $8 higher than the toll for a car.


Question: Each tin has 5 muffins. How many muffins are in 4 tins?

Answer: 20

Number of tins | Number of muffins
1 | 5
2 | 10
3 | 15
4 | ?

Solution: Count by fives. Use the chart: there are 20 muffins in 4 tins.


Question: A dog show enthusiast recorded the weight of the winning dog at recent dog shows. According to the table, what was the rate of change between 2017 and 2018?

Answer: -34

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{15 kilograms - 49 kilograms}{2018 - 2017}
 = \frac{15 kilograms - 49 kilograms}{1 year}
 = \frac{-34 kilograms}{1 year}
 = -34 kilograms per year
The rate of change between 2017 and 2018 was - 34 kilograms per year.


Question: Some students visited nearby zoos to record the number of bears kept there. Which zoo has the fewest bears?

Choices:
- Pacific Zoo
- Atlantic Zoo
- Mountain Zoo
- Eastern Zoo

Answer: Atlantic Zoo

Zoo | Sun bears | Brown bears
Atlantic Zoo | 3 | 5
Mountain Zoo | 3 | 16
Pacific Zoo | 5 | 4
Eastern Zoo | 10 | 15

Atlantic Zoo
Mountain Zoo
Pacific Zoo
Eastern Zoo

Solution:
Add the numbers in each row.

Atlantic Zoo: 3 + 5 = 8
Mountain Zoo: 3 + 16 = 19
Pacific Zoo: 5 + 4 = 9
Eastern Zoo: 10 + 15 = 25

The least sum is 8, which is the total for the Atlantic Zoo row. The Atlantic Zoo has the fewest bears.


Question: If Shawn buys 4 kilograms of yellow beads and 4 kilograms of green beads, how much will he spend?

Answer: 16

yellow beads | $2/kilogram
black beads | $2/kilogram
white beads | $3/kilogram
orange beads | $2/kilogram
red beads | $2/kilogram
blue beads | $2/kilogram
green beads | $2/kilogram

yellow beads
black beads
white beads
orange beads
red beads
blue beads
green beads

Solution:
Find the cost of the yellow beads. Multiply:

$2 × 4 = $8

Find the cost of the green beads. Multiply:

$2 × 4 = $8

Now find the total cost by adding:

$8 + $8 = $16

He will spend $16.


Question: A dog show enthusiast recorded the weight of the winning dog at recent dog shows. According to the table, what was the rate of change between 2009 and 2010?

Answer: 4

Solution:
Plug the numbers into the formula for rate of change and simplify.
Rate of change
 = \frac{change in value}{change in time}
 = \frac{11 kilograms - 7 kilograms}{2010 - 2009}
 = \frac{11 kilograms - 7 kilograms}{1 year}
 = \frac{4 kilograms}{1 year}
 = 4 kilograms per year
The rate of change between 2009 and 2010 was 4 kilograms per year.


Question: A farmer wrote down how many kilograms of cherries were sold in the past 5 days. What is the median of the numbers?

Answer: 6

Day | Kilograms
Saturday | 5
Sunday | 7
Monday | 9
Tuesday | 5
Wednesday | 6

Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

5, 7, 9, 5, 6

First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:

5, 5, 6, 7, 9

Now find the number in the middle.

5, 5, 6, 7, 9

The number in the middle is 6.

The median is 6.


Question: The owner of an orchard kept records about how many apples were picked in the past 4 days. On which day were the fewest apples picked?

Choices:
- Tuesday
- Wednesday
- Thursday
- Friday

Answer: Friday

Day | Number of apples
Tuesday | 314
Wednesday | 331
Thursday | 341
Friday | 313

Solution:
Find the least number in the table. Remember to compare the numbers starting with the highest place value. The least number is 313.

Now find the corresponding day. Friday corresponds to 313.


Question: Tucker buys 1/4 of a pound of jasmine rice. How much does he spend?

Answer: 0.75

brown rice | $1/lb
basmati rice | $1/lb
white rice | $1/lb
jasmine rice | $3/lb
long grain rice | $3/lb
Arborio rice | $2/lb

brown rice
basmati rice
white rice
jasmine rice
long grain rice
Arborio rice

Solution:
Find the cost of the jasmine rice. Multiply the price per pound by the number of pounds.
$3 × \frac{1}{4} = $3 × 0.25 = $0.75
He spends $0.75.


Question: The town council reported on how many stop signs there are on each street. What is the mode of the numbers?

Answer: 10

Street | Number of stop signs
Spring Street | 5
Irving Street | 10
Jackson Street | 6
Smith Street | 10
Peabody Street | 6
Walker Street | 6
Marshall Street | 10
Watson Street | 10

Spring Street
Irving Street
Jackson Street
Smith Street
Peabody Street
Walker Street
Marshall Street
Watson Street

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

5, 10, 6, 10, 6, 6, 10, 10

First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:

5, 6, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 10

Now count how many times each number appears.

5 appears 1 time.
6 appears 3 times.
10 appears 4 times.

The number that appears most often is 10.

The mode is 10.


Question: How much money does Hugo need to buy a tiny bottle of sand and a plastic crab?

Answer: 1.01

plastic crab | $0.59
sand castle magnet | $0.80
tiny bottle of sand | $0.42
shell necklace | $0.61
pink flamingo pen | $0.42

plastic crab
sand castle magnet
tiny bottle of sand
shell necklace
pink flamingo pen

Solution:
Add the price of a tiny bottle of sand and the price of a plastic crab:

$0.42 + $0.59 = $1.01

Hugo needs $1.01.


Question: Each shopping bag has 2 pairs of jeans. How many pairs of jeans are in 6 shopping bags?

Answer: 12

Number of shopping bags | Number of pairs of jeans
1 | 2
2 | 4
3 | 6
4 | 8
5 | 10
6 | ?

Solution: Count by twos. Use the chart: there are 12 pairs of jeans in 6 shopping bags.


Question: Dana counted the number of silver beads on each bracelet at Oakdale Jewelry, the store where she works. What is the largest number of silver beads?

Answer: 85

Solution:
Look at the last row of the stem-and-leaf plot. The last row has the highest stem. The stem for the last row is 8.

Now find the highest leaf in the last row. The highest leaf is 5.

The largest number of silver beads has a stem of 8 and a leaf of 5. Write the stem first, then the leaf: 85.

The largest number of silver beads is 85 silver beads.


Question: The bird watcher counted the number of birds in each flock that passed overhead. How many flocks had fewer than 27 birds?

Answer: 0

Solution:
In the row with stem 2, count all the leaves less than 7.

You counted 0 leaves. 0 flocks had fewer than 27 birds.


Question: Ben has $17,781. Does he have enough to buy a shaved ice cart and a peanut cart?

Choices:
- yes
- no

Answer: yes

funnel cake stand | $6,964
shaved ice cart | $7,649
popsicle stand | $6,324
peanut cart | $9,406

funnel cake stand
shaved ice cart
popsicle stand
peanut cart

Solution:
Add the price of a shaved ice cart and the price of a peanut cart:

$7,649 + $9,406 = $17,055

$17,055 is less than $17,781. Ben does have enough money.


Question: The members of the track team compared how many miles they ran last week. What is the mean of the numbers?

Answer: 15

Name | Miles
Katie | 14
Clara | 15
Rose | 18
Leah | 12
Jessica | 14
Wendy | 15
Edna | 17

Katie Clara Rose Leah Jessica Wendy Edna

Solution:
Read the numbers from the table.

14, 15, 18, 12, 14, 15, 17

First, count how many numbers are in the group.

There are 7 numbers.

Now add all the numbers together:

14 + 15 + 18 + 12 + 14 + 15 + 17 = 105

Now divide the sum by the number of numbers:

105 ÷ 7 = 15

The mean is 15.


Question: The table shows a function. Is the function linear or nonlinear?

Choices:
- linear
- nonlinear

Answer: linear

Solution:
To determine whether the function is linear or nonlinear, see whether it has a constant rate of change.
Pick the points in any two rows of the table and calculate the rate of change between them. The first two rows are a good place to start.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the second row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{16 - 15}{8 - 7}
 = \frac{1}{1}
 = 1
Now pick any other two rows and calculate the rate of change between them.
Call the values in the first row x1 and y1. Call the values in the third row x2 and y2.
Rate of change = \frac{y2 - y1}{x2 - x1}
 = \frac{17 - 15}{9 - 7}
 = \frac{2}{2}
 = 1
The two rates of change are the same.
If you checked the rate of change between rows 2 and 3, you would find that it is also 1.
This means the rate of change is the same for each pair of points. So, the function has a constant rate of change.
The function is linear.