(A,B) Unilateral free-weight knee extension exercise with blood flow partially restricted by a blood pressure cuff (175 x 94 mm) fixed in the proximal region of the thigh.


CT scan in-patient with sarcoidosis- Pulmonary lymphadenopathy.


Granulomatous lesion in Liver involvement.


Pathology of Biopsy reveals infiltration of inflammatory cells.


Frontal view of patient showing dark brown papules having linear distribution, limited on the right side of the face.


Intraoral photograph showing desquamative gingivitis and enamel hypoplasia in relation to 13 and 42.


Radiograph of the lumbar spine showing mild scoliosis with congenital Schmorl's node at D-12,. 3,. . 4,. . 5 (red arrow), and spina bifida (yellow arrow).


Example of resistance band strength exercise.


Spectral domain - optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering Inc. , Heidelberg, Germany) showing a macular hole at initial presentation on RE.


Spectral domain - optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering Inc. With spontaneous closure at 6-weeks follow-up.


Spectral domain - optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering Inc. ; disruption of the IS/OS junction with corresponding increased reflectivity at first presentation on left eye.


Spectral domain - optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering Inc. And increased external layers atrophy after 6 weeks RE, right eye; IS/OS, inner/outer segment.


Flow diagram of literature search strategy, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines.


Axial CT scan showing hyperdense fourth ventricle mass lesion with contrast enhancement and obstructive hydrocephalus.


Postoperative axial CT scan showing tension pneumoventricle.


Axial CT scan performed after placement of the external ventricular drain showing partial resolution of the intraventricular pneumocephalus.


Prior to the cross-linking treatment.


One week after the cross-linking treatment.


CT Thorax showing bilateral pulmonary nodular infiltrates.


CT Thorax showing mediastinal lymphadenopathy.


CT Abdomen showing lesions in the pancreas.


18-FDG PET scanning presenting multiple pathological lesions in lungs, pancreas, lymph nodes, and bones.


The CT shows a 8x5.8x5.3 cm sized heterogeneous left renal mass without lymph node enlargement.


Histologic and immunostain appearance. Cut section of the kidney reveals a well circumscribed, ovoid, firm mass in the lower pole of the kidney (A).


Histologic and immunostain appearance. Histology showed the characteristic findings of rhabdoid tumor including a highly cellular neoplasm composed of tumor cells of varying size with prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm (B, hematoxylin-eosin stain, x400).


Histologic and immunostain appearance. Immunostains showed negative staining for INI1 (C).


The T1-weighted enhancing lumbar MRI shows a 6.5x1 cm sized intradural extramedullary tubular mass with heterogeneous enhancement at L1-S1 level.


A : Intraoperative photography shows the tumor with pale yellowish color.


B : Final photography after removal of the tumor shows nerve root.


Histology of spinal surgical specimen shows small round cell tumor with extensive necrosis consistent with metastatic rhabdoid tumor (hematoxylin-eosin stain, x200).


R. (A, B) Facial appearance of this case. Sparse eyebrows and scalp hair, saddle nose, low-set ears, pigmentation around eyes, dried skin, and thick lips are observed.


Sweat test of cubital fossa:. The result of the patient shows no discoloration, indicating that there are no sweat glands.


(D) The patient's mother showed partial presence of sweat gland.


(E) Normal control.


(F) Radiograph of the mandible of patient shows loss of teeth. Only bilateral canine teeth are observed (arrows).


CT scan coronal section shows defect in the left greater wing of the sphenoid into the pterygopalatine fossa and retromaxillary space.


CT axial section shows defect in the left greater wing of the sphenoid.


Herniated glial tissue through the defect.


3D reconstructed image showing the defect (white arrow).


CT cisternography:leak noted through the defect in sphenoid bone and contrast seen filling the sac.


Defect seen intraoperatively after reduction of herniated sac.


Defect covered with titanium mesh.


A 62-year-old male patient with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with asteroid hyalosis (AH) in his left eye. A; Fundoscopy image of the patient's left eye prior to surgery showing bullous retinal detachment from the temporal-superior side extending to the macular area.


A 62-year-old male patient with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with asteroid hyalosis (AH) in his left eye. B; Intraoperative image of the eye revealing asteroid bodies (AB) concentrated slightly toward the front and apparent posterior vitreous detachment.


A 62-year-old male patient with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with asteroid hyalosis (AH) in his left eye. C; Intraoperative image of the eye after coating the retinal surface with triamcinolone acetonide showing that some of the AB, as well as the somewhat thick vitreous cortex, remained across the entire retina.


A 62-year-old male patient with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with asteroid hyalosis (AH) in his left eye. D; Fundoscopy image of the eye after surgery showing that the retina has successfully been reattached.


A 70-year-old male patient with RRD associated with AH in his left eye. A; Fundoscopy image of the patient's left eye prior to surgery showing a flap tear and localized retinal detachment at the temporal-superior side.


A 70-year-old male patient with RRD associated with AH in his left eye. B; Ultrasound B-mode image of the eye prior to surgery showing incomplete PVD and no dynamics of the posterior vitreous membrane.


A 70-year-old male patient with RRD associated with AH in his left eye. C; Intraoperative image of the eye showing ABs diffusely in the vitreous cavity and that the liquefied vitreous space is very small.


A 70-year-old male patient with RRD associated with AH in his left eye. D; Intraoperative image of the eye showing a thick vitreous cortex remaining across the entire retina, with strong adhesion across the entire retina.


Cross-sectional view of T-2 weighted imaging with FLAIR demonstrating loss of cerebral white matter.


Saggital view of T-2 weighted images of the brain without FLAIR.


Image of the primary mass located on the left lateral elbow obtained approximately 1 month prior to presentation. Note the overlying alopecia and discoloration of the skin.


(a) Head computed tomography showing ventricular dilatation and foramen of Monro occlusion with significantly high-density lesions.


(b) The coronal view of three-dimensional computed tomography revealed that the high-density lesions continuously extended from the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.


(c) Head magnetic resonance imaging is showing modest enhancement of the choroid plexus by gadolinium without an obvious tumoral lump.


(d) Postoperative computed tomography showing that the placement of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.


Intraoperative view with a flexible neuroendoscope showing an entirely calcified lesion consecutive from the choroid plexus in the ventricle body Biopsy was performed, and a small specimen was obtained from the relatively less calcified part (a) asterisk.


Toward the foramen of Monro.


Preoperative imaging inspection findings. A; The shadow defect with bridging fold, about 40 mm in diameter, was pointed in the middle of the gastric body in the upper gastrointestinal X-ray.


Preoperative imaging inspection findings. B; Upper endoscopy revealed an elevated submucosal mass, about 40 mm in diameter, in the gastric body at the greater curvature.


Preoperative imaging inspection findings. C; A contrast-enhanced CT in the axial section showed the tumor measuring 52 mm in the stomach.


Preoperative imaging inspection findings. D; A contrast-enhanced CT in the coronal section showed the tumor with extramural growth in the stomach.


Intraoperative findings. A; The great omentum was dissected by laparoscopic surgery to expose the tumor. The tumor was then pulled just below the port of the laparoscope.


Intraoperative findings. B; The part of the stomach with the tumor was removed from the body. Wedge gastrectomy was performed.


The results of HE staining and immunostaining. A; The tumor shows the lesion, composed of spindle cells with nuclei, arranged in a palisade.


The results of HE staining and immunostaining. B; There is lymphocytic cuffing at the peripheral part of the tumor.


The results of HE staining and immunostaining. C; The tumor cells are positive for S-100 protein.


The results of HE staining and immunostaining. D; The tumor cells are negative for CD34.


The results of HE staining and immunostaining. E; The tumor cells are negative for the c-kit.


The results of HE staining and immunostaining. F; The MIB-1 labeling index is 5.


Topography of neuropathic-type chronic vulvar pain. . Notes: The figure shows the anatomy of the female anogenital region, its primary cutaneous nerves (white) with accompanying innervation zones (dashed lines), and the most common location of vulvodynia, ie, the vulvar vestibule (yellow). Cutaneous nerve distribution in this anatomical region is however highly variable with numerous anatomical variants having been described, complicating clinical diagnosis of neuropathic pain origin in this anatomical region.


Contrast-enhanced CT findings. A; The tumors in the right hepatic lobe showed enhancement in the arterial phase.


Contrast-enhanced CT findings. B; These lesions showed washout in the equivalent phase.


The pathological findings of the liver biopsy specimen. A; The tumor was composed of moderately differentiated HCC.


The pathological findings of the liver biopsy specimen. B; Iron deposition in hepatocytes was observed in nontumor tissue. HE. X400.


Findings of lipiodol-CT. CT conducted after TAE showed lipiodol accumulation in the tumors.


Preoperative sagittal.


Axial. T2 MRI of the cervical spine demonstrating intramedullary T2 signal changes and a small syrinx associated with a dorsally projecting exophytic cervical myelomeningocele terminating in the subcutaneous fat.


Axial. T2 MRI of the lumbar spine demonstrating a low-lying conus and associated diastematomyelia at L4.


Postoperative sagittal.


Axial. T2 MRI of the cervical spine showing successful detethering of the cervical myelomeningocele without neural compression at 4 months follow-up.


Unenhanced, and . There is a 9 x 7 cm mass (arrows, a,b) in the anterior mediastinum, which had a lobular margin and showed heterogeneous enhancement without a demonstrable fat component, with extrinsic compression and/or early invasion of adjacent mediastinal great vessels and left upper lobe. AA, ascending thoracic aorta; dA, descending thoracic aorta; rMP, right main pulmonary artery.


Contrast-enhanced images of initial chest computed tomography. There is a 9 x 7 cm mass (arrows, a,b) in the anterior mediastinum, which had a lobular margin and showed heterogeneous enhancement without a demonstrable fat component, with extrinsic compression and/or early invasion of adjacent mediastinal great vessels and left upper lobe. AA, ascending thoracic aorta; dA, descending thoracic aorta; rMP, right main pulmonary artery.


Follow-up contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging at three months. The anterior mediastinal mass (arrows) also shows marked interval growth and heterogeneous enhancement with a marked hypervascular portion (asterisk). Also the fat component within the tumor (arrowhead), which was not clear on baseline CT, is clearly demonstrated.


Microscopic findings of malignant teratoma in. First transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB), and . The tumor. Had teratomatous features (hematoxylin-eosin [HE], original magnification x40).


Microscopic findings of malignant teratoma in. First transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB), and . Showed. Immature neuroepithelial components (HE, original magnification x200).


Microscopic findings of malignant teratoma in. First transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB), and . An immature cartilage component (HE, original magnification X200).


Liposarcoma in. Second TTNB. Several lipogenic tissues with dense collagenous tissue (HE, original magnification x40).


Liposarcoma in. Second TTNB. (e) The fat cells showed immunoreactivity for MDM2 (original magnification x200).


Double inversion-recovery (IR). T1 weighted,. A huge, prominent heterogeneous anterior mediastinal mass (arrows,. Contains a relatively large hemorrhagic and necrotic portion, which shows subtle high signal intensity on T1 weighted image (asterisk.


T2-weighted, and . A huge, prominent heterogeneous anterior mediastinal mass (arrows,. , a heterogeneous mixed area of strong high and dark signal intensities on T2 weighted imaging (asterisk.


Gadolinium-enhanced T1 weighted chest magnetic resonance imaging at one month follow-up. A huge, prominent heterogeneous anterior mediastinal mass (arrows,.low signal intensity without contrast enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1 weighted image (asterisk,. (c) The remaining portion of the mass shows heterogeneous enhancement, which is suggestive of malignant potential. AA, ascending thoracic aorta; dA, descending thoracic aorta; rMP, right main pulmonary artery.


Granulamatous inflammation of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Esophagus (a 10x, b), corpus of the stomach (c 10x), duodenum (d 10x).


Granulamatous inflammation of the ileum (a 10x) and colon (b 10x).


Granulamatous inflammation of the liver (a 40x, b 40x).


External clinical photograph. The slight elevation and boundaries of the subcutaneous nodular lesion are marked by a circle.


Histopathology of the excised conjunctival lesion. Low power.


High power.


Ulcerated, punctate erosions with ragged edges on the patient's back typical of Morgellons disease lesions.


(A-C) Expanding annular rashes on the patient's hands, back and leg, with a raised, advancing, erythematous border consistent with secondary erythema migrans (EM) rashes.


Secondary EM rash revealing embedded fibers (arrow) consistent with Morgellons disease. 100X original magnification.


Gross morphology of a biopsy taken from the advancing edge of a lesion on the hand, revealing embedded and protruding blue and white fibers. 100X original magnification.


Sections stained with H&E exhibiting parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, spongiosis, and hemorrhage. 200X original magnification.


(A) Dieterle silver stain of spirochetes (arrow) among basal keratinocytes. 1000X original magnification.


(B) Anti-Bb immunostained section showing positive-stained Borrelia organisms consistent with cystic morphology mixed with negatively stained bacteria within bacterial aggregates. 1000X original magnification.


(A) Anti-Bb immunostained section showing positively stained intracellular and extracellular organisms (arrow) associated with keratinocytes of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum. 1000X original magnification.


(B) Anti-Bb immunostained section showing intracellular staining of organisms within lymphocytes (arrow) in a dermal infiltrate. 1000X original magnification.


(C) Anti-Bb immunostained section showing positively stained organisms (arrow) in dermal glandular tissue. 1000X original magnification.


(D) Anti-Bb immunostained control section of fungal-infected skin. 1000X original magnification.


(A) Gram stain of biopsy section showing Gram-positive cocci in superficial layer. 1000X original magnification.


(B) Gram stain of biopsy section showing negative staining in deep layers. 1000X original magnification.


Sagittal T1-weighted MRI brain image demonstrating severe atrophy affecting the cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum. There is resulting enlargement of the third and fourth ventricles.


Axial T2-weighted MRI brain image displaying cortical atrophy and consequent lateral ventricular enlargement as well as sulcal enlargement. Hyperostosis frontalis interna is also present.


Intraoral photograph showing diffuse ulceroproliferative growth on the left alveolar mucosa in the third molar region.


(a) Intraoral periapical radiograph shows well-defined radiolucency with irregular border (arrow) in relation to 25 and the alveolar ridge irt 26, 27 region shows diffuse rarefactions (arrowhead) around the surrounding bone.


(b) Occlusal radiograph showing well-defined radiolucency (arrow) in the left alveolar ridge in relation to 26 and 27.


Spiral computed tomography showed a soft density lesion involving alveolar process of the left maxilla which is extending into the adjacent pharyngeal mucosal space.


(a) Photomicrograph showing tumor cells with a thin rim of cytoplasm and few cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in pseudoalveolar pattern (H&E stain, x40).


(b) Photomicrograph showing large uninucleated cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm (H&E stain, x200).


(a) Photomicrograph showing cytoplasm of tumor cells to be positive for positivity with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH stain, x100).


(b) High power view showing positivity for Masson trichrome with the cytoplasm of the cells taking up the red stain (Masson trichrome stain, x100).


Photomicrograph showing strap cells positive for phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stain (PTAH stain.


X400). Photomicrograph showing tumor cells to be positive for vimentin (IHC stain, x100).


(a) Photomicrograph showing tumor cells to be positive for Myo-D (IHC stain,x200). (b) Photomicrograph showing tumor cells being negative for epithelial membrane antigen (IHC stain, x100). (c) Photomicrograph showing tumor cells to be negative for S-100 (IHC stain, x200).


A; Color photographic image at initial presentation showing a large central corneal ring infiltrate and a second smaller anterior stromal infiltrate in the superior peripheral cornea.


B; In vivo confocal microscopic image showing the presence of numerous double-walled Acanthamoeba cysts (white arrows) and presumed trophozoites (asterisks) in the central anterior corneal stroma. Field size 400 x 400 microm, focus depth set at 58 microm.


C; Photomicrograph of an immunohistochemical staining for CD45, showing dense choroidal lymphocytic infiltration in proximity to a choroidal vein. Original magnification, x400.


D; Photomicrograph of the anterior cornea demonstrating Acanthamoeba cysts embedded between stromal lamellae, ectocysts with retracted endocyst (arrows). Periodic acid-Schiff stain; original magnification, x200.


EKG showing low voltage and sinus bradycardia.


EKG showing prolonged QT.


Cutaneous larva migrans. Characteristic serpiginous erythematous tracks on the hand vesiculation and crusting are seen (volar and dorsal view).


Cutaneous larva migrans. After 3 weeks - follow-up, linear and serpiginous skin lesions which were treated with albendazole 400 mg/day for 5 days.


The changes of beta2-MG, IL-6, VEGF, LDH. The series of beta2-MG, IL-6 are drawn on the primary axis, and the series of VEGF, LDH are drawn on the secondary axis.


PET/CT finding. (A-C) Before chemotherapy. (The largest lymph nodes was in the lower abdominal mesenteric region 68mm x 42mm, SUVmax =8.2). (A) Widespread lymph node enlargement and hypermetabolism, splenomegaly, kidney hypermetabolism (blue arrows) and diffuse bone marrow hypermetabolism.


PET/CT finding. (A-C) Before chemotherapy. (The largest lymph nodes was in the lower abdominal mesenteric region 68mm x 42mm, SUVmax =8.2). Its inferior border approached the upper margin of pelvis (SUVmax= 2.9);. Spinal hypermetabolism (blue arrow), (SUVmax =9.0).


PET/CT finding. (A-C) Before chemotherapy. (The largest lymph nodes was in the lower abdominal mesenteric region 68mm x 42mm, SUVmax =8.2). Iliac hypermetabolism (blue arrows).


PET/CT finding. (D-F) After three courses of chemotherapy (The spleen reduced obviously, whose metabolism was normal (SUVmax=2.6)). No abnormal lymph nodes were found.


PET/CT finding. (D-F) After three courses of chemotherapy (The spleen reduced obviously, whose metabolism was normal (SUVmax=2.6)). The volume of spleen was smaller than before, and the metabolism of bone marrow, kidney metabolism were normal (red arrows);. Normal spine metabolism, (SUVmax =3.3) (red arrow).


PET/CT finding. (D-F) After three courses of chemotherapy (The spleen reduced obviously, whose metabolism was normal (SUVmax=2.6)). Normal ilium metabolism (red arrows).


Fluorescence interphase in situ hybridization on lymph node biopsy. (A) IGH-BCL2 dual-colour dual-fusion probe displays two fused green and red signals, one isolated green and one isolated red signal in most of tumour nuclei with t(14;18) (q21;q32)/IGH-BCL2. Arrow indicates positive nuclei.


Fluorescence interphase in situ hybridization on lymph node biopsy. BCL2 dual-colour break-apart (BAP) probe shows one co-localised green, and ,red signal, one isolated green, and ,one isolated red signal in most of tumour nuclei.


Fluorescence interphase in situ hybridization on lymph node biopsy. BCL6 dual-colour break-apart (BAP) probe shows two co-localised green, and ,red signal.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (b-FGF,x200), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (CD19,x200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (CD117x200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (IL-1beta,x200), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (IL-2,x200), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (IL-6,x200), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (IL-10,x200), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (PDGFx200), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (TGF-betax200), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (TNF-alphax200), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. (VEGFx100), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after one course of chemotherapy. Reticular fiber staining x200, MF-1.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (b-FGF,x200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (CD19,x200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (CD117,x200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (IL-1beta,x200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (IL-2,x100), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (IL-6,x200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (IL-10,x200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (PDGFx200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (TGF-betax200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (TNF-alphax200), negative.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. (VEGFx100), positive.


The immunostaining of bone marrow after two courses of chemotherapy. Reticular fiber staining 100x, MF 0-1.


The tumor consists of a cystic space with papillary excrescences and hemorrhagic fluid (5x objective).


Tubular structures of cells with abundant clear cytoplasm.


Direct immunofluorescence shows epidermal nuclear staining of immunoglobulin G (400x).


Computed tomography scan: Mass in right maxillary antrum, extending to right nasal cavity.


Gross morphology of the specimen: Multiple pieces of grayish yellow-colored firm tissue.


Scanner view of tumor showing the overall variegated appearance (H&E stain, x40).


Photomicrograph of sarcomatous component with chondroid differentiation (H&E stain, x200).


Photomicrograph of carcinomatous component (adenocarcinoma) (H&E stain, x200).


Photomicrograph of primitive neuroectodermal component (H&E stain, x400).


Photomicrograph of squamous component (H&E stain, x100). Inset: High power view of keratin pearl (H&E stain, x400).


Biopsy specimen from the edge of the ulceration (Hematoxylin and eosin, x10 and x20 magnifications). (A) Histopathological findings showed skin ulceration (asterisk).


Biopsy specimen from the edge of the ulceration (Hematoxylin and eosin, x10 and x20 magnifications). (B) Massive dermal neutrophilic infiltration mixed with lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate.


Biopsy specimen from the edge of the ulceration (Hematoxylin and eosin, x10 and x20 magnifications). (C) Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (blue arrow).


Chest X-ray - Cardiomegaly with pulmonary plethora with a narrow pedicle (case 1).


NCCT shows well defined hypodense lesion in left parietal lobe with edema and a hyperdensity of straight and sagittal sinuses.


Hyperdensity in cerebral vasculature on non contrast CT scan of head simulating a CECT (case 2).


CECT of case #2 with enhancing rim of cerebral abscess and further enhancement of vasculature.


Depigmentation with scarring alopecia of the scalp.


Hyperkeratotic plaque present on the posterior auricle of the left ear.


Desquamation of the gingiva -maxillary and mandibular anterior region.


Desquamation present - palatal.


Desquamation present - lingual.


Nikolsky's sign - positive.


Before antiretroviral therapy computed tomography scan.


Before antiretroviral therapy computed tomography scan 2.


Before antiretroviral therapy magnetic resonance imaging 1.


After antiretroviral therapy computed tomography 2.


(a) An axial T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the polycystic vestibular schwannoma with a mass effect.


(b) A T1 weighted MRI sagittal view of the vestibular schwannoma.


Computerized tomography imaging of the first intratumoral hemorrhage in vestibular schwannoma.


Second hemorrhage.


Third hemorrhage.


Fourth hemorrhage 36 h after intervention.


Scleromyxedema with erythematous, confluent papules and waxy, thickened skin of the face.


Scleromyxedema with indurated, erythematous skin folds demonstrating the "Shar Pei sign" on the back.


Bilateral legs.


Follicular conjunctivitis in the conjunctiva tarsi of the patient's left eye.


CT aspect of mediastinal lymphadenopathies.


CT aspect of lung micronodules.


Ground-glass aspect on CT.


Follow-up chest X-ray.


Hyperkeratotic skin of the lower extremity.


Hyperkeratotic skin/hyperlinearity of the plantar surface.


Timeline of medical therapy. A graphic summary of the past 5 years of treatment for the patient reported in the case. Topical
corticosteroids (Top CS), Penicillin VK (Pen VK), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Prednisone (Pred), Methotrexate (MTX), Minocycline
(MNC), Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), Infliximab (IFX), Leflunomide (LEF), IV Methylprednisolone (MP) and No treatment (No Tx).


Multiple hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic verrucous plaques over the neck, back distributed in a blaschkoid pattern with acanthosis nigricans at nape of neck.


Skin biopsy suggestive of non-epidermolytic, non-organoid keratinocytic type of epidermal nevus with associated acanthosis nigricans.


Computed tomography abdomen/pelvis with intravenous contrast showing a 5.2 x 4.2 cm amorphous, heterogeneously isodense lesion involving the right piriformis muscle at the level of the right greater sciatic foramen (arrow).


Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan depicting spinal epidural abscess compressing the cervical cord posteriorly with blockage of cerebrospinal fluid flow (a).


Sagittal T2-weighted MRI scan demonstrating spinal epidural abscess extending down the thoracic.


Lumbar. Vertebrae compressing the cord posteriorly.


Histopathological examination in hematoxylin-eosin. A: BM at the initial diagnosis of PMF, showing hypercellularity with some fat cells left (circle), clusters of mature granulocytes (closed arrow), singular and groups of atypical megakaryocytes (open arrow).


Histopathological examination in hematoxylin-eosin. B: BM at follow up, showing maximal cellularity without any fat cells left, no organized hematopoiesis with only singular mature granulocytes, a few atypical megakaryocytes, and clusters of immature cells and blast cells (asterisk). (Pictures: Friedemann Leh, Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital).


Clinical photograph of necrobiosis lipoidica on the trunk, showing darkly pigmented papules, plaques, a large annular lesion with hypopigmented atrophic center and prominent telangiectasia.


Histology of necrobiosis lipodica showing dense collagen material deposition and subcutaneous tissue sclerosis. The upper dermis and papillary dermis contained few inflammatory cells.


Necrobiosis lipoidica developed on the lower limb.


Erythema, swelling, and desquamation of the palmar surfaces.


Erythema, swelling, and desquamation of the plantar surfaces.


Lung volumes and DLco in patient 1.


Brain magnetic resonance imaging with cerebrospinal fluid flowmetry revealed an irregular pattern at the level of the Sylvian aqueduct, resulting in its reduced diameter due to compression by the right tentorial meningioma.


Postoperative head computed tomography scan showed correct catheter positioning and stability of the ventricular diameters.


Preoperative (left) magnetic resonance venography (MRV) demonstrating displacement and attenuation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS).


Postoperative (right) MRV demonstrating near resolution of SSS compression.


Preoperative situation demonstrating extensive soft tissue laceration by corn grinding machinery (left).


Postoperative view after irrigation and debridement with partial soft tissue closure (right).


Preoperative radiographs showing proximal interphalangial joint fracture dislocations of left index, long, and ring fingers and proximal phalanx fracture of the thumb.


Day 14 showing full thickness necrosis of the volar aspect of the long finger and a deep infection at the volar base of the ring finger and distal palm (left).


Postoperative aspect after long finger resection and filet flap coverage of volar defect with dorsal skin from long finger (right).


Peripheral blood smear showing acanthocytes (red arrows).


Perivascular neutrophilic infiltrate admixed with lymphocytes and few extravasated red blood cells. Note the nuclear fragmentation and scattered interstitial neutrophils. Magnification X200.


The dermis shows Early fibrosis and fibroblasts.


Case management outline for metastatic vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.


MRI of the spine with and without contrast showing diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement surrounding the spinal cord and cauda equina and associated with extension of the enhancement of the nerve roots.


CSF cytology showing malignant cells, ie large atypical cells with enlarged nucleus and prominent nucleoli.


Routine laboratory diagnostic with. Deposition of IgG (indicated by arrows) at the epidermal side of human split skin.


Detection of anti-LAD IgG autoantibodies by immunoblot on concentrated supernatant of cultured keratinocytes. The arrow indicates the signal identified as LAD-1.


Clinical features. A, b At 10 years of age. Hyper- or hypo-pigmented plaques around the right thigh.


Clinical features. And shin.


Clinical features. C; At 14 years of age. Atrophic macules and pigmentations with slight subcutaneous tissue reduction around the right knee.


The clinical course. Skin, articular, and renal manifestations appeared successively. Skin and articular manifestations improved before the renal findings disappeared.


Postoperative view of the nasal philtrum in our patient.


Nasal philtrum at discharge from the hospital postoperatively.


The nasal philtrum 3 months postoperatively in our patient. . Notes: No hemorrhage has been noted since surgery. Depigmented scar tissue.


CT Brain without contrast demonstrating 4 x 3 x 3 cm left frontal temporal mass with significant surrounding vasogenic edema, associated with mass effect/near complete effacement of the left lateral ventricle and rightward midline shift of approximately 1cm.


(A and B) Erythematous, oedematous lesions with central erosions and single vesicular lesions. The eruption was presented mostly on the limbs, especially hands and feet, and a few on the trunk.


DIF demonstrated linear depositions of IgA (+), IgG (++), and C3 (+++) complement along the dermo-epidermal junction.


Preoperative chest computed tomography scan. . Small (2.5 cm x 1.6 cm) soft tissue density mass with speculated margins in the upper quadrant of the left breast with possible focal infiltration of the underlying chest wall muscle is observed (shown by yellow arrows).


Positron emission tomography scan. . Multiple enlarged hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the mediastinum, right paratracheal, carinal, bilateral hilar region, and aortopulmonary window are observed (shown by yellow arrows).


Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of this patient. (A) T1-weighted MRI showing that the liver nodules (red arrows) were highly intense.


Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of this patient. (B) T2-weighted MRI, showing that the liver nodules were iso-intense.


Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of this patient. (C) Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI, showing the showed were highly intense during the hepatobiliary phase.


Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of this patient. (D) Plain-CT examination 1 year before liver biopsy, showing small, high-density nodules.


Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of this patient. (E) FDG-PET CT examination at liver biopsy. No abnormal FDG uptake was detected.


Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of this patient. Dynamic CT examination during the. Arterial.


Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of this patient. Portal phase.


Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of this patient. Equivalent phases. No enhancement was detected.


Histological findings. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. X4.


Histological findings. . X200).


Histological findings. (C) Melan-A staining (X400).


Histological findings. (D) MIB-1 staining (X400).


Histological findings. CD4 staining. X100.


Histological findings. . X400); T indicates tumor area, N indicates non-tumor area.


Histological findings. CD8 staining. X100.


Histological findings. . X400).


Histological findings. (I) Number of infiltrating cells. Y-axis represents the number of infiltrating cells. The average number of cells in three high power fields is shown. Black bar means the number of cells in tumor area, whereas white bar means that of non-tumor area. Asterisk indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).


Clinical course of present case with images. Red arrow and arrow head indicate the metastatic tumors detectable with imaging studies.


Fundus photographs showing veins are convoluted and slightly dilated, but arteries have straight courses.


The cilioretinal artery course inferotemporally from behind the disc margin (arrow).


The cilioretinal artery begins to fluoresce at early phase angiogram (13.7 seconds).


FFA photography of both eyes showing obviously tortuous and dilated retinal veins. . Note: No leakage or evidence of dye is seen. . Abbreviation: FFA, fluorescein fundus angiography.


Gross pathological, histological and immunohistochemical findings. (a) Gross pathology revealed a 61 x 27 x 8 mm golden-yellow adenoma, which was connected to the right adrenal gland. (b) Hematoxylin-eosin staining, C: Normal adrenal cortex, M: Adrenal medulla; APA: Aldosterone-producing adenoma. (c) Immunohistochemical staining with CYP11B2.


(a) Apical four-chamber view of transthoracic echocardiogram showing a left atrial mass (*) protruding into the left atrial cavity and across the mitral valve into the left ventricle.


(b) Transesophageal echocardiogram showing a large, broad-based, multilobed, irregular shaped, heterogeneous mass with multiple hypoechoic areas (*) arising from the posterosuperior aspect of interatrial septum and infiltrating into the septum and surrounding myocardium (arrows). LA = Left atrium, LV = Left ventricle, RA = Right atrium, RV = Right ventricle.


(a) Gross specimen of the excised mass revealing a cherry-red colored, elongated and multilobed mass.


(b) Hypercellular areas on histopathology examination showing sheets of neoplastic cells with moderate nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, and atypical mitoses.


(c) Hypocellular areas on histopathology examination showing myxoid degeneration with thin-walled staghorn blood vessel proliferations.


Transthoracic echocardiogram revealing a 29 mm x 22 mm heterogeneous mass (arrows) attached to the interatrial septum and protruding into the left atrial cavity. Both the mitral leaflets are thickened. LA = Left atrium, LV = Left ventricle, RA = Right atrium, RV = Right ventricle.


Diagnostic imaging. (A) Ultrasound imaging identified a lobulated, solid tumor measuring >=3 cm of the left mammary gland.


Diagnostic imaging. (B) Computed tomography of the chest indicated a mass lesion in the apocrine carcinoma region of the left mammary duct exhibiting heterogeneous and moderately enhanced microcalcifications.


Macroscopic images. (A) The predominant lesion of the tumor was white and solid, measuring 61x27 mm and was associated with a cutaneous ulcer.


Macroscopic images. (B) The tumor exhibited an extensive area of necrosis.


Cancer cells formed nests and exhibited keratinization. (A and C) The histological analysis showed structures comprising of predominantly solid and nest patterns, with keratinization (H&E; magnification, x100).


Cancer cells formed nests and exhibited keratinization. The tumor cells were positive for. Cytokeratin 5/6 (magnification, x100).


Cancer cells formed nests and exhibited keratinization. P63 (magnification, x100).


Areas exhibiting apocrine features within the tumor cells. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining identified that the areas with apocrine features were abundant in eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Areas exhibiting apocrine features within the tumor cells. (B) Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 was positive in the areas exhibiting apocrine features.


Areas exhibiting apocrine features within the tumor cells. (C) The androgen receptor was expressed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the tumor cells, which exhibited apocrine features.


Extraoral appearance of double chin in the patient.


Intraoral appearance of dermoid cyst.


MRI image of dermoid cyst.


Intraoral surgical approach for the excision of dermoid cyst.


Macroscopic appearance of dermoid cyst.


Histopathological appearance of dermoid cyst.


Multiple hyperpigmented dome-shaped papules over the lower abdomen.


Multiple flat wart-like lesions over the penis and scrotum.


Photographs of the right eye before and after treatment. A; At the first visit, a whitish infiltration with a feathery edge, satellite (red arrow), and a brownish pigmented lesion (green arrow) on the epithelial surface and anterior stroma were presented at cornea.


Photographs of the right eye before and after treatment. B; One week after medical treatment, dense infiltrates and corneal plaques were found.


Photographs of the right eye before and after treatment. C; Five weeks after medical treatment, the lesion was replaced by a corneal scar without an overlying superficial corneal plaque and epithelial defect.


Photographs of the right eye before and after treatment. D; The lesion became a corneal scar after 2 months of treatment.


A picture of the patient's right hand. . Note: The arrow indicates the gouty tophus found at the right little finger.


Plain X-ray films of the lumbar spine showing no obvious abnormalities except slight degenerative lumbar scoliosis (anteroposterior view on the left and lateral view on the right).


Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images demonstrating an abnormal round epidural collection at the L3/4 level, compromising the spinal canal and causing cauda equina compression (indicated by the arrows). . Notes: This collection was of soft-tissue intensity with surrounding reactive high signal on the T1-weighted image sequence (A and B).


Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images demonstrating an abnormal round epidural collection at the L3/4 level, compromising the spinal canal and causing cauda equina compression (indicated by the arrows). On the T2-weighted images, it appeared relatively hypointense with a high signal in the interior (C and D). Herniation of the L2-3 and the L4-5 discs was also noted.


Intraoperative pictures showing white chalky material deposited in the epidural space of the posterior and lateral spinal canal (A).


This material was partially encapsulated by fibrous tissue and grossly infiltrated the bone and soft tissue in several areas, which was removed completely with a curette (B and C).


Microscopic examination of the specimen showed granulomatous tissue with structureless coagulative necrosis and fibrinoid necrosis (A and B). . Notes: The acid-fast stain was negative. Original magnification x100.


Erythematous nodules and plaques over both palms.


Ocular congestion showing scleral vessels, more prominent over right sclera.


(a and b) Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine done on December 30, 2014 showing the tumor.


Intraoperative image taken of the tumors by the cervical spinal cord taken on January 5, 2015.


Left anterior lower extremity bulla.


Right posterior lower extremity bulla.


Effect of canakinumab on thermal curves and its impact on VAS. . Notes: (A) Thermal curves of the week preceding (red line) and the week following the administration of the first dose of canakinumab (blue line).


Effect of canakinumab on thermal curves and its impact on VAS. (B) VAS values of the week preceding (red line) and the week following the administration of the first dose of canakinumab (blue line). . Abbreviation: VAS, visual analog scale.


Nests of monomorphic cuboidal poroid cells with prominent nucleoli (hematoxylin & eosin stain).


Eccrine porocarcinoma composed of basaloid cells with focal infiltration into the dermis (hematoxylin & eosin stain).


A; Epithelial defect and Descemet's membrane folding.


B; Fluorescein staining of epithelial defect.


A; Geographic epithelial defect and recurrent Descemet's membrane folding.


B; Geographic fluorescein staining of epithelial defect.


A; Remaining central corneal opacity.


B; Specular microscopy of uninvolved left eye.


C; Specular microscopy of right eye.


D; Peripheral epithelial staining and linear epithelial irregularity.


E; Skin vesicle scar on right cheek.


(A) Abdominal CT revealed renal calculus and hydronephrosis, and pelvic CT revealed lower shift of bladder (red arrow) and severe uterine prolapse (white arrow).


(B,C) Abdominal CT showed emphysematous pyelonephritis (white triangle), and pelvic CT showed emphysematous cystitis (red triangle).


(A-C) Abdominal and pelvic CT taken 10 days after admission. Abdominal and pelvic CT revealed that hydronephrosis was improved, although renal calculus was observed. In addition, pelvic CT revealed that lower shift of bladder (red arrow) and severe uterine prolapse (white arrow) were improved.


Time course of clinical parameters in this subject. After prolapsed uterus reduction, ureteral stenting and starting antibiotics, her inflammation markers were markedly improved. She was transferred from intensive care unit to general ward at day 10. After then, her renal function and inflammatory markers were gradually normalized and she was finally discharged about 1 month after admission.


A 43 year-old woman with a mass in upper-lateral quadrant of left breast. Breast sonography shows a hypoechoic mass.


BIRADS category 4 in mammography of the left breast (mass is marked in the mammography).


Microscopic appearance of the mass (H&E staining, x10).


Microscopic appearance of the mass (H&E staining, x40).


Figure 2. Erythematous and subcutaneous nodular lesions at the intrascapular region.


Figure 3. Focal collagen necrosis with surrounding histiocytes that palisade in a radial pattern. Mononuclear and plasmacellular interstitial infiltrate.


Multiple, plaque-like, violaceous skin lesions in lower extremities.


Gastric polypoid/nodular KS lesions.


Spindle cell proliferation and red blood cell extravasation with extensive lymphoplasmocytic cell infiltration in hematoxylin and eosin stain.


Positive Immunohistochemical test for HHV-8.


(a and b) Multiple erythematous papules over the face.


(c) Multiple erythematous papules and edematous urticarial plaques over the back.


(d) Purpuric lesion over the thenar aspect of right palm.


(a) Moderately dense perivascular and interstitial infiltrate of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils with spongiosis in the superficial and mid-dermis. (Hand E staining, x10).


(b) Interstitial infiltrate of many mature eosinophils intermixed with neutrophilswith areas of leukocytoclasia without vasculitis (Hand E staining, x40).


(a and b) Resolution of facial lesions after treatment.


(c) Significant decrease in the number and size of lesions after treatment.


(d) Clearance of palmar lesion after treatment.


Three-dimensional computed tomography showing ossifying mass abutting anterior border of the mandible.


Magnetic resonance imaging showing mild edema surrounding left masseter and heterotopic bone formation.


Postoperative lower extremities X-ray showing heterotopic bone with branching tree pattern.


Trismus and nil mouth opening.


Scar mark of previous surgery and nonbending of leg also bony exostosis seen near ankle.


Microdactyly of the great toe on both the feet.


An antero posterior chest X-ray of the patient with a chest wall schwannoma.


Solitary rounded 3 x 3 cm erythematous plaque with central crustation on the right side of his face.


Punch skin biopsy from the lesion. The epidermis shows downward papillomatous extensions. The dermis shows multiple epithelial sheets and dilated ducts that are lined by columnar cells.


(a) Right eye shows an oval area of deep scleral thinning without uveal prolapse, adjacent to conjunctival hyperemic zone in the interpalpebral area.


(b) Left eye shows an area of conjunctivalized thinned scleral in the interpalpebral area.


Hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis on the face.


Multiples hypopigmented scars on the skin dorsum hand.


(a and b) Improvement of scleral lesions in both eyes at the last follow-up visit.


Preoperative clinical presentation of the lesion.


Proliferating keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium into underlying connective tissue (4x).


Islands of odontogenic epithelium within a cellular fibrous stroma (10x).


Islands of odontogenic epithelium within a cellular fibrous stroma (40x).


Postoperative view.


A; Appearance of the breast mass at presentation. Image of the breast lesion illustrating the fungating breast ulcer on a large and irregularly shaped right breast mass.


B; Computed tomography image at presentation revealing a large right breast tumor with skin ulceration and bilateral axillary lymph node metastases.


A; Appearance of the breast mass after the administration of eribulin.


B; Computed tomography image after the use of Mohs' paste and the administration of eribulin.


C; Appearance of the breast mass after mastectomy and skin grafting.


Erythema of vulva, vagina, and partial fusion of labia minora and majora and burying of clitoris with histopathology revealing basal vacuolization, necrotic keratinocytes, Max Joseph spaces, and pigmentary incontinence, along with dermal lymphocytic proliferation.


Hyperpigmentation, fissuring, and scaling with marked stenosis of anal mucosa and histopathology showing fibrosis, pigmentary incontinence, basal vacuolization, and necrotic keratinocytes, along with dense dermal lymphocytic infiltration.


Hyperpigmentation and erosions along gingival margins.


Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed hypersignal intensity at bilateral medial thalamus on diffusion weighted imaging.


Fluid attenuated inversion recovery.


T2Weighted. Series.


Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed hypersignal intensity at central pons on diffusion weighted imaging.


Clinical picture.


Intraoral examination revealed missing teeth in relation to 46, 47 and 48 with no buccal and lingual plate cortical expansion. Attrition and cervical abrasion present in relation to 44 and 45.


An orthopantomogram revealing a well-defined radiolucency in the right body of the mandible that surrounds impacted supernumerary teeth. Presence of 2 more supernumeraries in the maxillary 1st quadrant and 3rd quadrant.


Mandibular cross-section view.


Panoramic view on cone-beam computed tomography.


Cross-section view on cone-beam computed tomography.


Soft-tissue incision placed distal to 45.


A bony trough was placed on the alveolus.


The lesion was retracted and here we can see the attachment of the lesion to the mandibular nerve.


Complete removal of the lesion and the impacted tooth with thorough irrigation.


Sutures placed.


H&E picture, odontogenic keratocyst.


Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed wedge-shaped enhancement defects in the right kidney suggestive of pyelonephritis.


A; Lasik Xtra: after flap lifting and excimer laser treatment, the corneal stroma is soaked by riboflavin 0.25% saline solution (VibeX Xtra) for 90 s.


B; After 90 s of riboflavin soaking, the corneal surface is washed with balanced salt solution and the flap repositioned. Then, accelerated high-fluence corneal collagen cross-linking was performed at 30 mW/cm2 for 90 s of UV-A exposure.


C; The final aspect of the cornea at the end of the treatment is shown.


Corneal endothelium at 1.


Medical image.


6. Months after Lasik Xtra showing cell pleomorphism. No significant endothelial cell loss was established after treatment.


Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Images (a) Axial T1-weighted MRI demonstrating normal postoperative changes.


(b) Sagittal T1-weighted postcontrast MRI demonstrating normal postoperative changes.


Tumor cells are immunoreactive for CD34 around tubules forming a concentric "onion skin" rings (x100).


Optical coherence tomography images with horizontal line scan showing closed macular hole with glial tissue filling under silicone oil meniscus at postoperative 2 weeks and 3 months (a and b, respectively). On both occasions, linear hyper-reflectivity was not seen.


Magnetic resonance imaging lumbar spine at 6 months follow-up. T1-weighted sagittal.


T2-weighted sagittal.


Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sagittal images, showing no evidence of residual or recurrent tumor.


Histological section showing large solid sheets of malignant epithelioid cells.


Decidual tumor cells with large eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli.


tumor cells with positive immunoreactivity to calretinin.


(a) Abolished microarchitecture and epitheloid granulomas of the sentinel node from the left groin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) x50.


(b-d) Micrometastasis (partly single cell spread) in the lymph node. Pictures represent the same section in the lymph node.


18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT) in transverse ,. The transverse image (a) shows multiple active lymph nodes in the mediastinum.


Coronal.


Sagittal. Images.


Facial eczema prior to.


After. Starting treatment with dupilumab.


(C,D) Show lesions on the right leg and right ear, respectively, prior to dupilumab treatment. Although corresponding images for (C,D) after treatment were not captured, the lesions seen prior to treatment resolved after dupilumab treatment.


(a) T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance image of the thoracolumbar spine showing the isointense extradural lesion (arrow) causing thecal sac and spinal cord compression and signal intensity changes within the cord.


(b) The T2-weighted axial image showing thecal and spinal cord compression (curved arrow) by the extradural lesion (straight arrow).


(a) Myeloid cells (arrow) admixed with erythroid cells and megakaryocytes (H and E, x40). (b) Increased reticulin (arrow) on bone marrow biopsy (Retic x40).


15 cm x 10 cm area on the right side of forehead extending to involve the right eyelid and pinna, showing areas of bruising, scalding, edema, and discoloration with a complete loss of hair involving the lateral half of right eyebrow and anterior part of right frontal and temporal areas.


(a) Showing a T2-weighted sagittal view with a heterogeneously iso-hypointense mass lesion located in the sphenoid sinus.


Shows heterogonous enhancement of lesion after gadolinium administration.


Lesion is isointense on plain T1-weighted images.


(d) Microphotographs showing a cellular spindle cell tumor with interlacing fascicles; inset (1) showing the increased MIB-1 labeling and inset (2) showing positive staining for smooth muscle actin. Vimentin positive but negative for S100, desmin, creatine kinase, and CD99 suggestive of leiomyosarcoma.


(a) Shows a T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance imaging with a hyperintense mass lesion in the sphenoid sinus with enlargement of sphenoid sinus.


The lesion is hyperintense on plain T1-weighted images.


Not enhancing on postgadolinium injection axial.


Coronal imagesab.


EEG of patient 2 with periodic sharp wave complexes circled.


Postcontrast axial MRI showing a large intra-axial space occupying lesion in the left temporal lobe with peripheral enhancement and peritumoral edema.


Postcontrast axial CT scan showing a large recurrent tumor almost occupying the whole posterior part of the left temporal lobe.


Postoperative contrast axial CT showing radical excision of tumor with enhancement along the tentorial leaflet.


Postcontrast axial CT scan showing recurrent tumor in the left posterior temporal lobe extending into the posterior fossa and compressing the brain stem.


AP Open Mouth Plain Films.


Lateral Cervical Plain Films.


Right Oblique Plain Films, patent intervertebral foramina visualized.


Left Oblique Plain Films, patent intervertebral foramina visualized.


AP Cervical Plain Films.


FLAIR image shows scattered white matter changes.


Postcontrast T1 weighted image shows meningeal enhancement.


Patient with verruciform xanthoma of tongue.


Minimal extension of lesion on ventral surface of the tongue.


Excision of the lesion.


Papulosquamous lesions with oral involvement.


Erosive lesion over genitals.


Erosive lesions over natal cleft.


High arched palate with oral erosions.


Brain magnetic resonance images of the patient. A; Marked multiple chronic ischemic lesions in the periventricular white matter (white arrows) and subcortical deep white matter (black arrows) on T2-weighted imaging.


Brain magnetic resonance images of the patient. B; Small, restricted diffusion in the left hippocampus (white arrow) on diffusion-weighted imaging.


Histopathology if patient with bifrontal epidermoid cyst; some normal brain tissue with cyst wall covered by squamous epithelium and huge amount of irregularly stratified keratin within its lumen which clearly emphasis on diagnosis of a typical epidermoid tumor.


(A and B) Skin manifestations (face and abdomen).


PET-CT showing lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.


A 55-year-old patient with a large sebaceous carcinoma of left upper eyelid. The malar-cheek flap for proposed reconstruction has been marked.


Patient after excision of the total upper eyelid and raising of the malar-cheek flap.


(a and b) Post-operative views at 2 weeks post-surgery. The oedema in the lids is noticeable.


Post-operative views after 6 months of surgery. Excellent aesthetic result with symmetrical palpebral opening.


Post-operative views after 6 months of surgery. Patient achieving complete eye closure.


CT-scan three years preoperative. The corticalis is
preserved. Within the lesion pseudo-trabeculation is visible.


T1-weighted MRI three years preoperative. Note that the
lesion presents with low signal intensity and no infiltration of the
surrounding tissue.


CT-scan 2 weeks before the operation. There is cortical breakthrough of the tumor. The size of the lesion has slightly increased in
comparison the previous CT-scan.


Intraoperative photograph showing the removed tissue. It
has a beige color and hard as well as soft areas of consistency.


CT-scan 6 months after the operation. No residual tumor is
present.


CT-scan 18 months after the operation. The bone graft is
well integrated in pelvic bone. No discontinuity of the cortical
bone. No recurrence of the tumor is present.


Vestibular.


Occlusal view showing the small amount of keratinized gingiva.


Horizontal incision below the mucogingival line and the bony crest.


Vertical incision made in the mesial.


Vertical incision was made in the distal.


Papilla of teeth 33 and 36 preserved.


A partial thickness flap was performed in the buccal region of the mandible.


Harvesting graft from the palate.


Removal of the epithelium tissue from part of the free gingival graft with the aid of a 15C scalpel blade.


Suture starting in the lingual mucosa, passing through the de- 9:epithelized graft, and ,returning to the lingual mucosa, the graft is tractioned by the suture under the mucosa of the osseous ridge.


Part of the epithelized graft covers the partial thickness flap on buccal side.


A compression suture.


Two simple mesial and distal sutures were made for the graft stabilization.


Occlusal view of the keratinized gingiva thickness. Before the surgical procedure.


After 90 days.


After 90 days, a vertical increase of the gingiva was observed after implant installation.


Thickness and height of the keratinized tissue remained unchanged after installed healing cap.


21-year-old female patient with complaints of forgetfulness, twitching of eyes, and short stature later diagnosed with coexistence of ectopic neurohypophysis, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and periventricular neuronal heterotopia. A coronal non-contrast T1-weighted MRI image reveals a hyperintense ectopic posterior pituitary adjacent to the optic chiasm, at the level of the median eminence of the hypothalamus (arrows). The bright dot in the ectopic site indicates neurohypophysis.


21-year-old female patient with complaints of forgetfulness, twitching of eyes, and short stature later diagnosed with coexistence of ectopic neurohypophysis, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and periventricular neuronal heterotopia. Sagittal T2-weighted MRI image reveals partial dysgenetic view of the corpus callosum and protrusion of cingulated gyrus (arrow).


21-year-old female patient with complaints of forgetfulness, twitching of eyes, and short stature later diagnosed with coexistence of ectopic neurohypophysis, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and periventricular neuronal heterotopia. Axial T2-weighted MRI image reveals an appearance that is compatible with periventricular-subependymal heterotopic neuronal tissue (arrows).


A 4-cm, protruding, ulcerated, fleshy, firm tumor with a moist and granular surface.


Basaloid neoplasm in lobules and sebaceous cells with vacuolated cytoplasm in the dermis (hematoxylin and eosin; magnification: 10x10).


Ample coarse cells with atypical nuclei (magnification: 40x10).


Positive immunohistochemical epithelial membrane antigen stain (magnification: 10x10).


A; Clinical picture of penile ulcerative nodule on glans penis.


B; Photomicrograph : H&E stain: Bundles of proliferating spindle cells wild mild atypia & foci of sprinkled RBC's.


C; CD34 Immunostain: Cytoplasmic staining of spindle cells as well as endothelial cells of capillaries indicating spindles cells of endothelial origin.


D; HHV-8 immunostain: Demonstrates nuclear positivity to HHV-8 LNA-1 confirming Kaposi's sarcoma.


Lesions on the face patient wincing due to pain.


Lesions of similar morphology on lower extremity.


Back of trunk showing total sparing.


CT showed a large, regular, hypodense 22 x 18 x 9 cm mass in the left lateral lobe of the liver (A-C).


CT showed a large, regular, hypodense 22 x 18 x 9 cm mass in the left lateral lobe of the liver (A-C). Blood vessels were observed in the tumor in the arterial phase.


The tumor was progressively unevenly enhanced in the portal vein phase.


In the delayed phase.


The liver tissue adjacent to the tumor was weakly enhanced (F).


The lesion showed a slightly decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images.


A slightly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images.


A progressive uneven enhancement was observed after the infusion of contrast material (D-F).


Positive S-100 immunohistochemical staining (x100).


(a) Contrast axial T1-weighted brain MRI showed a large left CP angle acoustic neuroma with brain stem compression.


(b) The axial brain CT showed left periauricular pseudomeningocele 2 weeks after the operation.


(a) One month later after operation, the axial brain CT showed a large left cerebellar cyst that communicated with a pseudomeningocele and severely compressed the brain stem.


(b) The axial T1-weighted enhanced image of brain MRI showed a smaller cerebellar cyst after pseudomeningocele repair.


Axial computed tomography (CT) of evaluation showed a near complete response in the nasal cavity.


Abdominal CT revealed stenosis at the transition of the descending to sigmoid colon.


Images of an extra-articular tenosynovial chondromatosis of the index finger in a 65-year-old female (the same patient in Fig. (1)). Low-magnification views of H&E stained histology sections showing multiple cartilaginous nodules (a and b). Original magnifications of panels:. X40.


Images of an extra-articular tenosynovial chondromatosis of the index finger in a 65-year-old female (the same patient in Fig. (1)). H&E stained histology sections of cartilaginous cells with chondroid stroma . X100.


Images of an extra-articular tenosynovial chondromatosis of the index finger in a 65-year-old female (the same patient in Fig. (1)). And cartilaginous nodules lined by synovium . X200.


Images of an extra-articular tenosynovial chondromatosis of the index finger in a 65-year-old female (the same patient in Fig. (1)). Resected specimens of extraosseous (top) and intraosseous (bottom) origin (e).


Bull's eye rash of foot.


Right lateral thoracic radiographs of a 4-year old Siberian Husky mix with smoke inhalation injury. Radiograph obtained on presentation.


Radiograph performed 4 days after presentation. Progressive tracheal narrowing and progressive, ventrally dependent interstitial to alveolar pulmonary pattern are present. Diffuse interstitial to bronchial pattern is present on both studies.


Necropsy findings of a 4-year-old Siberian Husky mix with smoke inhalation after being in a housefire. Severe, diffuse tracheal mucosal necrosis, and subsequent intraluminal tracheal obstruction can be observed (black arrows). Diffuse pulmonary parenchymal edema and diffuse deposition of particulate were described.


Histology of the respiratory tract of a 4-year-old Siberian Husky mix with smoke inhalation after being in a housefire. (A) Trachea with attenuated epithelium (+) with streaming necrotic material extending from the ulcerated mucosa.


Histology of the respiratory tract of a 4-year-old Siberian Husky mix with smoke inhalation after being in a housefire. (B) The lumen was obstructed by necrotic tissue admixed with fibrin and black particulate matter (interpreted as soot).


Histology of the respiratory tract of a 4-year-old Siberian Husky mix with smoke inhalation after being in a housefire. (C) Bronchi have similarly attenuated to ulcerated mucosa with necrotic and cellular debris within the lumen.


Histology of the respiratory tract of a 4-year-old Siberian Husky mix with smoke inhalation after being in a housefire. (D) Bronchiolar smooth muscle is expanded by granular, dark brown to black pigment (interpreted as carbon particles). Alveoli are variably ruptured forming coalescing airspaces (alveolar emphysema).


Gross finding;. 1.5 x 1.8 cm sized soft, solitary, pedunculated, flesh-colored, heart shaped mass on coccygeal area.


Elevated tip of mass revealed perianal area.


Skin colored nodule on the left ala nasi.


Nodule being removed by radiofrequency, cutting mode.


Plain CT after AVS. Immediately after AVS, pooling of contrast medium in the entire right adrenal gland was observed (arrow).


Results of AVS. Blood sampling site numbers are in parentheses. Plasma aldosterone concentration (pg/mL)/plasma renin activity (ng/mL/h) = aldosterone-renin ratio.


Photographs of the progression of a refractory fungal stromal abscess of the right eye in an 11-year-old female alpaca on day 1 (A)-Day 1, on presentation, there is approximately a 5 mm paraxial stromal abscess with a yellow creamy appearance and fluffy borders, pinpoint satellite lesions in the adjacent stroma (unable to appreciate in photo), marked geographical corneal edema, and dense stromal corneal vascularization. Photo obtained prior to application of fluorescein stain.


Day 2 (B)-By day 2, a satellite lesion adjacent to the stromal abscess had substantially increased in size by roughly 3 mm and the multiple small corneal bullae had worsened/coalesced to become a large corneal bulla overlying the medial aspect of the lesion with fluorescein stain uptake.


Day 3 (C)-By day 3, despite aggressive medical management the two stromal abscesses had coalesced, the corneal bullae had progressed, and the overlying cornea appeared moderately malacic. Photo obtained prior to use of fluorescein stain; after application it was noted the ulcer had increased in size to cover the whole lesion. Corneal cross linking with the accelerated protocol was performed the following day.


Day 7 (D)-On day 7, the stromal abscess had continued to increase by ~2 mm with improvement in corneal bullae, malacia, and progression of stromal vascularization. Fluorescein staining is evident overlying a portion of the abscess.


Photographs of the right eye of an 11-year-old female alpaca post-operatively after penetrating keratoplasty for a fungal stromal abscess immediately after surgery (A)-A 3 mm 4 ply porcine small intestinal submucosa graft (Vetrix Plus) was placed within the penetrating keratoplasty site with an 11 x 9 mm island conjunctival graft overlying the lamellar keratectomy site of 50% stromal depth, sutured in place with 8-0 polyglactin 910 suture.


4 weeks after surgery (B)-The eye was visual and comfortable 4 weeks after surgery with a healthy island conjunctival graft, sutures intact but dissolving, and a dilated pupil.


Timeline of the alpaca's clinical course and treatments. Black stars indicate specific treatments and results. Day 4: Corneal cross-linking performed and subconjunctival injection of 0.5 ml voriconazole 1%. Day 9: Culture growth of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Day 10: Surgical lamellar keratectomy, penetrating keratoplasty, and island conjunctival graft. Day 11: Parenteral ceftiofur crystalline-free acid once. Day 20: Culture growth of Fusarium verticillioides. Day 37: Recheck at ISU-considered healed. Day 51: Recheck with rDVM-no relapse off medication. Day 375: Telephone and photo updates with owners and rDVM-small scar, no concerns. Details about the products and dosages can be found in the main text. = pantoprazole (yellow bar).


Photographs of the skin lesion taken from. Behind.


The left.


Right side of the patient's neck. Uneven, rough and yellow plaques can be seen in the cervical region.


(A, B) Computed tomography scan depicted perijejunal mass sized 141*85 mm with central necrosis and calcification.


(A, B) Scattered metastatic hypodense lesions in liver.


Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining,. Nests, and ,sheets of polyhedral, and ,round cells in a scanty amount of stroma with anastomosing vascular channels (H&E, X100).


In some foci, the tumoral cells are loosely cohesive with a myxoid stroma (H&E, X100).


The tumoral cells are round to polyhedral with uniform round to oval nuclei, focal nuclear pleomorphism, indistinct nucleoli, and ,clear to pale eosinophilic cytoplasm with anastomosing capillary-sized vascular channels in between (H&E, X400).


Intratumoral reticulin deposition characterized by presence of reticulin fibres around nests of the cells, and ,between tumoral cells with a cobwebby pattern(Reticulin stain, X100).


Diffuse cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of the tumoral cells for vimentin(Immunostaining, Anti-VimentinAb, X100).


Scatteredtumor cells show positive cytoplasmic reactivity for smooth muscle actin(Immunostaining, Anti Sm-Actin Ab, X400).


Immunostaining for CD34 highlights branching vascular channels(Immunostaining, Anti-CD34 Ab, X100).


Low proliferation capacity of the tumoral cells(Immunostaining for Ki67, MIB-1 clone, X400).


Enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography demonstrated lymph nodes involvement. Pancreaticoduodenal lymph node metastasis.


Paraaortocaval lymph node metastasis.


A; Color fundus photograph on the day of the patient's fourth foscarnet injection (white arrow indicates pigmented scar).


B; Color fundus photograph 12 h later demonstrating large tear and focal detachment of the retina in the area of temporal necrosis (blue arrow) with superior pigmented lesion (white arrow).


Histopathological findings. On coronal sections of the brain the white matter of the right temporal and frontal lobes was soft and its color grey-pink. Similar changes were also seen in the right cerebellar hemisphere (arrow head). On microscopy, widespread white matter lesions in those regions with destruction of myelin and the presence of large astrocytes and enlarged oligodendrocytes were evident. Some astrocytes had a bizarre appearance (arrow on picture below). Many similarly small white matter lesions were also present in the left cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem.


Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the brain, orbit, and paranasal sinuses. . Notes: This image showed mucosal thickening of the right ethmoidal sinus (yellow arrow) and fluid in the right sphenoidal sinus (red arrow), compatible with sinusitis.


Black eschar seen in the right nasal sinus through sinus endoscopy.


Three well-delimited, infiltrated and hard plaques involving the scalp.


Left temple.


Right temple.


Biopsy, H&E staining, and lamellar bone tissue distributed in the dermis (A).


Osteocytes were in the bone tissue, and osteoblasts were seen around bone tissue (B). Black arrows: osteoblast; Green arrows: osteoclast; Red arrow: Lamellar bone tissue.


Magnetic resonance imaging showing the left parotid gland mass in the coronal plane.


Node histology (x250) demonstrating necrotic tissue, an abundance of mitotic figures, and the impression of glandular architecture (H&E).


Photograph of the right fundus, with evidence of two uveal metastases.


Left pheochromocytoma (arrows); dog. Neoplastic vascular invasion (asterisk) in caudal vena cava (CVC) and abdominal phrenic vein (APV). Left kidney (LK). Right kidney (RK).


Right pheochromocytoma (asterisk), sagittal section; dog. Thinning (between arrows) of adrenal cortex (AC). Adrenal medulla (AM).


Parathyroid adenoma (asterisk); dog. Caudal parathyroid gland (Pc) and left thyroid lobe (LTL).


Parathyroid chief cell adenoma; dog. Section showing cubic cells arranged in tortuous trabeculae and packets supported by a delicate fibrovascular stroma (HE).


Right pheochromocytoma; dog. Section showing large polyhedral cells forming irregular packets, delimited by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. HE. Smaller box: section of adrenal cortex not invaded by pheochromocytoma, with traces of zona glomerulosa (Zg) and atrophy of zona fasciculata (Zf) and zona reticularis (Zr). Capsule (C) (HE).


Left pheochromocytoma; dog. Section showing more than 90% of cells with positive staining to anti-synaptophysin antibody in histochemical procedures (Avidin-biotin complex). Smaller box: Strongly positive cytoplasmatic staining of neoplastic cells (Avidin-biotin complex).


(a) Axial T2-weighted imaging of a 3.5 x 2.4 cm cystic lesion of the right petrous apex consistent with cholesterol granuloma before intervention.


(b) Axial T2-weighted imaging after intervention. The arrow indicates the SAH drain between the petrous apex and the mastoid air cell.


Fundus photographs at the initial visit showing severe papilledema in both eyes of an 11-year-old patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A; Right eye.


Fundus photographs at the initial visit showing severe papilledema in both eyes of an 11-year-old patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. B; Left eye.


Head X-ray and MRIs of the young boy described in fig. 1. A; Head X-ray showing dehiscence of the coronary suture.


Head X-ray and MRIs of the young boy described in fig. B; Head MRI shows flattening of the posterior sclera and tortuous optic nerve in both eyes.


A - Note the capsular thickening and ill-formed vascular channels (H & E x
100).


B - Immunohistochemistry with anti-HHV8-LANA1 showing nuclear positivity in
spindle cells and in the endothelial cells lining the vascular channels.


Extra-oral lip swelling, mild erythema and pathologically extruded carious teeth.


Intraoral swelling with obliteration of vestibule, tunnels with evident larvae, extruded teeth and necrotic areas.


(a) Maxillary occlusal radiograph with destruction of supporting alveolar bone and floating carious teeth.


(b) Larvae-creamy white in color.


Left upper lobe round infiltrate in chest X-ray. . Note: The arrow indicate the cavitary lesion in the lung.


Computed tomography scan of chest showing left upper lobe lung lesion with cavitations, along with diffuse bilateral ground glass opacification. . Notes: The arrow indicate the cavitary lesion in the lung. The inset shows that the cavitary lesion in lung is on that level on coronal view.


Broad-based pauci-septate hyphae with dichotomous wide-angle branching (arrow) on microscopic examination of Lung.


Broad-based pauci-septate hyphae with dichotomous wide-angle branching (arrow) on microscopic examination of thyroid.


Thorax CT without contrast demonstrates subcutaneous emphysema, right lobe lung collapse, and absence of pneumothorax on the left side. Red arrows indicate chest tubes. Blue arrows indicate pneumothorax. Yellow arrows indicate bullae.


Thorax CT without contrast performed at admission on the left side, and one day after bullectomy on the right side. It demonstrates a significant improvement in pulmonary expansion after decortication of right lobe; the collapsed left side, however, was not demonstrated at time of admission to the trauma center, in a left image.


Thorax CT without contrast, bullectomy post-operative. The blue arrow indicates empyema and incarceration.


Thorax CT without contrast demonstrating a bilateral pulmonary consolidation despite pulmonary expansion.


Timeline of the case history.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (A) 100 times. Dense eosinophilic cytoplasm, with red staining and large obvious nucleous.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (B) 200 times. Large cell with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a large hyperchromatic nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, obvious nuclear heteromorphism, and visible mitotic strutures.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (C) 400 times.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (D) The positive rate of Ki67 is 70.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (E) TTF-I positive.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (F) CK19 negative.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (G) TG negative.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (H) PCK focal positive.


Hisopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. (I) P53 part positive.


Clinical image shows noduloulcerative growth with keratin plugging seen on left vermilion of the lower lip.


Histopathological image shows hyperkeratotic epithelium with parakeratin plugging overlying connective tissue stroma with epithelial proliferations superficially in the stroma (H&E, x40).


Histopathological image shows epithelial tissue entrapment with cystic degeneration in the center and keratinization (H&E, x100). Inset (H&E, x400).


Histopathological image shows periodic acid-Schiff-stained section showing negative staining for glycogen granules (H&E, x100). Inset (PAS, x400).


ENDOSCOPY: Juvenile polyposis with diffuse gastric involvement, with spontaneuos bleeding of some lesion, without pyloric obstruction.


Prominent hyperkeratosis, mucin deposition and upper dermal perivascular mononuclear infiltrates.


Intra-operative findings: 1.5-cm perforation hole over jejunum. The bowel around the perforation was found to be inflamed and ugly looking. Overall color of bowel and mesentery turned dark.


Post-operative findings: Specimen of the resected segment of the small bowel showing massive intestinal and mesenteric infarction.


Histological analysis of testicular tissue from the patient with a ring chromosome 4 and microdeletion of 4p16.3. Testicular tissue demonstrates reduced number of primary spermatocytes and spermatogenic arrest at the primary spermatocyte stage.


Karyotype analysis. (A): Partial G-banded karyotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes showing a normal chromosome 4 and ring chromosome 4.


A; Colonoscopy showed a 5-cm SMT in the ascending colon.


B; Abdominal computed tomography revealed a tumor in the ascending colon (arrows).


A; The resected specimen showed a SMT in the ascending colon, with dimensions of 50 x 30 x 25 mm.


B; The tumor showed a whitish fibrotic and firm cut surface without definitive hemorrhage or necrosis.


C; The tumor was composed of whorled arranged spindle cells (hematoxylin-eosin staining, x40).


D; The tumor showed immunoreactivity to S-100 (x40).


First case: PET/TC showing the right pulmonary lesion.


First case: non-necrotizing coalescing granulomas of epithelioid cells with central multinucleated giant cells, peripheral lymphocytes and collagen.


Second case: total body CT showing the increased volume of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes.


Second case: endobronchial biopsy showing epithelioid granulomas with giant cells in the lamina propria.


Third case: PET/CT showing multiple nodular lesions in the spleen.


Third case: non-necrotizing granulomatous giant cells in the spleen.


Chest x-ray reveled cavity at left side with pleural effusion.


CT chest axial view showing splenic abscess invading the stomach.


Necroinflammatory tissue with large number of fungal hyphae consistent with mucormycosis.


Diffuse swelling of right lower limb extending from groin up to the mid leg. Multiple varicosities are visible on the surface.


(a) Multiple discrete, reddish-brown, telangiectatic papules involving the nasolabial furrows and cheeks. Dental pits and gingival fibromas are appreciable.


(b) Skin-colored papules coalescing to form plaque and single hypopigmented patch visible on the left lateral trunk.


Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland with 7.8 mm anechoic lesion in the isthmus of right lobe.


(a) The cytologic findings revealed a hemorrhagic background with high cellularity which is composed of variable-sized nests and scattered naked cells (H and E, x40). (b) The ovoid to spindle tumor cells form clusters with storiform arrangement (H and E, x100).


(a) Monotonous oval to spindle shaped nuclei with fine granular chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and scant cytoplasm (H and E, x400). (b) The scattered cells similar to clustered tumor cells (H and E, x400).


Fluorescence in situ hybridization showing t (X; 18) using a dual-color break-apart probe. The 3' probe proximal to the SYT gene (green) and the 5' distal probe (red) are separated in abnormal cells expressing the translocation.


Skin biopsy performed during the erythrodermic rash showing an unspecific picture of mild spongiosis (1) and mild dermal inflammatory infiltrate (2).


Papular erythrodermic rash on the trunk 1 week after the initiation of adalimumab.


Axial CT and PET/CT imaging of the proximal tibial lesion. A; Axial CT imaging shows medial cortical destruction and a large soft tissue mass containing areas of fat attenuation (white arrowheads) and ossification (black arrows).


Axial CT and PET/CT imaging of the proximal tibial lesion. B; A coronal fused PET/CT image shows there is marked FDG uptake in the proximal tibial tumour as well as in a lateral distal femoral metastasis (white arrow). No other lipomatous lesion or tumour is present.


Histological analysis of the proximal tibial lesion shows primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of bone. A; The tumor infiltrates cancellous bone and is composed of numerous lipoblasts and large pleomorphic cells, which have vacuolated cytoplasm and atypical nuclei.


Histological analysis of the proximal tibial lesion shows primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of bone. B; Lipoblasts and brown fat-like cells are seen within the tumour.


Histological analysis of the proximal tibial lesion shows primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of bone. Immunohistochemistry shows the tumor cells express FABP4/aP2.


Histological analysis of the proximal tibial lesion shows primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of bone. And UCP1.


Post-resection AP plain radiograph demonstrates a Stanmore prosthesis with integral distal femur and modular proximal tibial component.


E. Grandicornis belonging to the patient, with strong spines resembling the shape of cows' horns. It is used for ornamental purposes.


Slit-lamp photograph of the OS. A; Clinical aspect after 24 h of exposure to Euphorbia sap.


Slit-lamp photograph of the OS. B; Anterior chamber inflammation.


Slit-lamp photograph of the OS. C; Corneal fluorescein staining.


Slit-lamp photograph of the OS. D; Clinical aspect 1 week later.


(a and b) Multiple non healing ulcers over the shin.


(a and b) Complete healing and softening of skin after treatment with thalidomide.


(A) Bilateral eczematous periorbital swelling after instillation of dorzolamide eyedrops.


(B) Improved periorbital swelling after cessation of dorzolamide eyedrops.


Clinical aspect of extensive extramammary invasive Pagetaes disease with involvement of groins scrotum and perineum.


Surgical situs after Mohs surgery.


The excised tumor.


Mesh-graft split skin transplantation after induction of granulation by topical CO2.


(a) Axial non-contrast computed tomography shows a well-defined, mixed density intraosseous abnormal lesion near the right orbital apex, extending through greater wing of sphenoid and bulging into the superior orbital fissure. The lesion appears predominantly isodense to brain (+26 Hounsfield units) with few areas of intralesion fat density (-71 Hounsfield units).


(b) MRI T1-weighted image showing well defined, iso to hyper intense intraosseous abnormal lesion arrowhead) near the right orbital apex, extending through greater wing of sphenoid and bulging into the superior orbital fissure.


(c and d) MRI STIR axial and coronal images exhibiting area of fat suppression (arrowhead) in the abnormal intraosseous lesion near the right orbital apex, extending through greater wing of sphenoid and bulging into the superior orbital fissure, again confirming the fat component of the lesion, thus signalling towards dermoid cyst.


Axial.


Sagittal. CT scans of the whole abdomen included the pelvis with IV contrast injection demonstrated a large heterogenous enhancing mass, 5.3x6.2 cm in size with internal calcification in the urinary bladder.


Coronal. CT scan of the abdomen/pelvis with IV contrast injection, demonstrated a new left cardiophrenic lymph node enlargement.


Depigmented macules over the scalps forehead, eyebrows, periorbital, perioral, preauricular regions, nose and chin.


Depigmented macules over the hands and feet.


Patches of alopecia over some of the depigmented areas over the scalp.


Histopathological examination of scalp biopsy: Dense peribulbar infiltrate in dermis and other features in keeping with the diagnosis of alopecia areata.


Basal layer of the epidermis over the same site is almost devoid of pigment, confirming the diagnosis of vitiligo.


Patient before surgery with 2 mm of sclera exposure.


Scars of previous maxillofacial surgeries.


Transabdominal ultrasonography showed hypoechoic cystic lesion in the region of head of pancreas (white arrows).


On the axial section, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan images, head of pancreas could see (blue arrow) but the neck, body, and tail of the pancreas are not visualized and potential space is filled with intestinal loops (white arrows).


On the axial section, computed tomography scan, cystic lesion could see (arrow) in the area at head of pancreas. Density of the cystic lesion is 2.4 Hounsfield Unit (HU).


On the axial section, magnetic resonance imaging dynamic contrast-enhanced scan, cystic lesion showed no contrast enhancement in its wall (white arrows).


T1 with contrast MRI on postoperative day one.


T2 FLAIR MRI one year postoperative.


Hematoxylin and eosin stain at x200 magnification.


Silver stain at x400 magnification.


Image of the primary tumor, an intraventricular atypical choroid plexus papilloma. T1-weighted sagittal image with contrast shows a homogeneously enhancing lesion in the inferior fourth ventricle (arrow).


Image of the primary tumor, an intraventricular atypical choroid plexus papilloma. T1-weighted axial image with contrast shows a homogeneously enhancing lesion in the fourth ventricle with contact to and impression on the left middle cerebellar peduncle (arrow).


Image of the recurrent atypical choroid plexus papilloma in the middle cerebellar peduncle. T1-weighted axial image with contrast shows an enhancing intraparenchymal lesion with surrounding edema (arrow).


Diffuse swelling causing obliteration of labial vestibule with missing permanent mandibular right central incisor.


Panoramic radiograph showing impacted permanent mandibular right central incisor in a well-defined radiolucency, expansion and thinning of the inferior border of the mandible, displacement and resorption of the anterior teeth.


Cone-beam computerized tomography reveals buccolingual expansion, thinning and erosion of buccal cortical plate.


Gross appearance revealing a tan colored, roughly spherical-shaped tumor mass with embedded root of mandibular right central incisor.


Psoriatic and HS lesions of patient 1. . (
a-
e) Psoriatic and HS lesions of first patient before treatment with certolizumab pegol.


Psoriatic and HS lesions of patient 1. (
f-
j) Psoriatic and HS lesions of first patient after treatment with certolizumab pegol.


Psoriatic lesions of patient 2. . (
a-
d) Psoriatic lesions of second patient before treatment with brodalumab.


Psoriatic lesions of patient 2. (
e-
h) Psoriatic lesions of second patient after treatment with brodalumab.


Axial.


Sagittal. Computed tomography (CT) post-contrast images showing proptosis of the right eye with orbital fat stranding focused primarily around the globe. There is no evidence of sinus disease or subperiosteal abscess.


Ultrasound image of the right eye demonstrating dense hyperechoic cellular debris within the vitreous cavity suggestive of vitritis.


Head MRI. (A) Cross-sectional T1WI showed large areas of iso- to slightly hypointense signals in the right frontal and parietal lobes (indicated by the arrow).


Head MRI. (B) Cross-sectional T2WI showed mixed hyperintense signals in the right frontal and parietal lobes (indicated by the arrow).


Head MRI. (C) Coronal FLAIR images showed hyperintense signals on in the right frontal and parietal lobes (indicated by the arrow).


Head MRI. (D) Cross-sectional T1W enhanced image showed scattered strips of mild enhancements and strong round enhancements (diameter, 0.5 cm) in the limbic gyrus (indicated by the arrow).


Preoperative images of the frontoethmoidal encephalocoele.


Dissection of the hernial sac from the surrounding structures in the nasoorbital area after a bicoronal approach.


After placing a pericranial graft to close the dura, an autologous graft from the parietal bone was used to reconstruct the bone defect. The graft is fixed by absorbable suture.


Abdominal pelvis CT scan. A; Initial CT scan showing dilated appendix with hypoenhancing wall (arrow) and minimal surrounding fat stranding. There were no drainable fluid collections.


Abdominal pelvis CT scan. B; Repeat CT scan 3 days later showing dilated appendix with hypoenhancing wall (arrow), now with an adjacent loop of small bowel with thickened wall (arrowhead). There remained no drainable fluid collections, no free fluid, and no free air.


Ileocecectomy specimen. The appendix was completely necrotic (arrowhead) as was a segment of ileum that was in direct contact with the appendix (arrows).


Nontender subungual, nodular lesion in the right toe.


After excision of the lesion.


Immunohistochemical (IHC) study; low power view of neoplastic spindle cells which show IHC positive staining with vimentin.


Focal reaction with smooth muscle actin.


Negative reaction with CD34.


Positive staining pattern with CD99 (IHC x40).


(a) Computerized Tomography section showing enlarged perigastric lymph nodes.


(b) PET scan showing intense uptake in primary gastric lesion.


Gross appearance of the schwannoma on cut section.


H&E appearance of the tumor. Photomicrographs of the microscopic appearance of the tumors were taken at 100X magnification.


Tumor positively staining for S100.


MRI cervical spine suggestive of.


T1 hypointense. T2 heterogeneously hyperintense solid - cystic intradural extramedullary (IDEM) C2 to C4 mass severely compressing the spinal cord and pushing it anteriorly and to the right.


(c) The lesion shows heterogeneous post contrast enhancement.


(a) Intra-operative photograph showing cervical schwannoma with intratumoral bleed.


(b) The lesion is causing severe compression of the spinal cord.


T1-weighted gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging images of the brain, orbit, and paranasal sinuses showing (a) enhancing soft tissue involving the left ethmoid sinus (red arrow) with its extension into the left orbit involving medial and inferior recti muscles (green arrow), surrounding the optic nerve (yellow arrow) and the left frontal lobe abscess (blue arrow).


(b) Axial image showing enhancing soft tissue involving the orbital apex and infiltrating into the left cavernous sinus, causing its thrombosis (blue arrow).


(c) Biopsy specimen showed growth of Rhizopus on lactophenol cotton blue mount.


(A) Preoperative T1-weighted image (WI) showed a low signal, while fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) scanning showed a high signal and enhanced scanning revealed no signals. An arachnoid cyst was visible in the left temporal region.


(B) At the six-month postoperative review there was no tumor recurrence.


Intraoperative electroencephalogram EEG and deep cortical electroencephalogram (ECoG) monitoring.


A 52-year-old male patient with a history of perianal fistula previously managed conservatively represents with perianal pain. (a) Unenhanced T2-weighted axial MRI showing a 2 cm well-circumscribed T2 hyperintense mass-like lesion (white arrow) in the left ischioanal fossa with a thin hypointense wall and minimal surrounding spiculation.


A 52-year-old male patient with a history of perianal fistula previously managed conservatively represents with perianal pain. (b) T2-weighted axial MRI at the level of the lower rectum showing the internal opening (asterisks) of the fistula in ano at 2' o clock position.


A 52-year-old male patient with a history of perianal fistula previously managed conservatively represents with perianal pain. (c) T2-weighted fat-saturated axial MRI image demonstrating the true high signal of the pseudo mass (white arrow).


The same 52-year-old gentleman at the time of second presentation. (a) Post-contrast T1-weighted MRI in coronal orientation clearly delineating the enhancing left transphincteric fistula tract (black arrow) with uniform mass-like enhancement of the adjacent left ischio anal lesion (white arrow).


The same 52-year-old gentleman at the time of second presentation. Post-contrast. Axial.


The same 52-year-old gentleman at the time of second presentation. Coronal.


The same 52-year-old gentleman at the time of second presentation. Sagittal T1-weighted images confirm near-complete uniform enhancement of the lesion (white arrow).


Our 52-year-old male patient underwent pre-surgical perineal ultrasound guided biopsy: (a) High-frequency B mode ultrasound image using a linear 6-15 Hz transducer showing the lesion on MRI to correspond to a well-circumscribed heterogeneously hypoechoic lesion with echogenic foci within (white arrow).


(b) Color Doppler image of the same lesion demonstrating mild surrounding vascularity with no internal vascularity(white arrow).


(c) B mode ultrasound confirming the 16 G biopsy needle (white arrow) within the lesion during ultrasound-guided tissue sampling for pre-operative tissue diagnosis.


Clinical examination showing his black teeth with enhancing accumulations of plaque calculus. No abnormal protuberance in gingival cheek groove.


The panoramic radiography of the jaw was normal.


The mandibular computerized tomography scan showing destruction in the body of mandibular bone and a mass in the surrounding soft tissue.


Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography from the cerebellum to the upper thighs showing increased uptake in the mandibular bone body especially in the left mandible. No abnormal uptake in distant sites.


Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen showing infiltration of carcinoma cells with nest-like distribution. The carcinoma cells, round and oval in shape and most in mitosis, were abundant of cytoplasm [H&E. 40x.


Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen showing infiltration of carcinoma cells with nest-like distribution. 100x.


Imaging appearances in case 1. (A) Enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) showing the pulmonary thromboembolism (arrow) in right inferior pulmonary artery and bilateral pleural effusion.


Imaging appearances in case 1. (B) Iodine contrast esophagogram confirmed the bronchoesophageal fistula.


Imaging appearances in case 1. (C) Coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the mediastinal soft tissue shadows (arrow) surrounded the left main bronchus.


CT images of case 1 in September.


November The enlarged mediastinal lymph node (arrow) decreased after antituberculosis therapy.


Imaging appearances in case 2. (A) The neck abscess (arrow) on axial MRI.


Imaging appearances in case 2. (B) The right psoas abscess (arrow) on axial CT.


Swelling on left side of face extending from zygomatic arch to lower border of mandible superoinferiorly. Swelling was covering the whole ramus of the mandible anteroposteriorly.


Intraoral examination shows obliteration of buccal sulcus and displacement of first and second deciduous molar and first permanent molar.


Cytological smears show spindle-shaped stroma with giant cells (40x).


Postoperative follow-up after two months.


Extraoral. Intraoral.


Radiological findings. A : T1-weighted axial MRI reveals a hypointense regular-shaped cystic lesion at the ventricular border.


Radiological findings. B : Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted coronal MRI reveals that the lesion compresses the optic chiasma and elevates the third ventricle and identifies the contrast-enhanced solid hyperintense nodule at the right floor of the lesion, just above the suprasellar internal carotid artery.


Radiological findings. C : Hyperintense cystic lesion on T2-weighted axial MRI.


Radiological findings. D : Tumoral invasion of the planum sphenoidale, whole sellar area, and suprasellar cistern.


Histology reveals the tumor's papillary structure with one or more layers of columnar epithelial cells around a fibrovascular core (H&E, x40).


Micrograph of immunostained section shows positive expression of pancytokeratin (x10).


T1-weighted contrast enhanced axial.


T2-weighted sagittal. Postoperative MRI show total excision of the tumor.


Intraoperative image. A : The cystic component of the tumor (white arrow).


Intraoperative image. B : Yellowish tumoral nodule (white arrow) after opening the cystic component.


Verification of variants in the HI baby. (A) Sanger sequencing verification of the HI compound heterozygous variants identified by WES in the family.


Verification of variants in the HI baby. (B) Summarization of published HI variants. The variants identified in this study have been highlighted in red.


Multiple images from EGD procedures. (A) EGD image from September 2008 showing a normal gastric antrum.


Multiple images from EGD procedures. (B) EGD image from September 2008 showing mucosal swelling near the gastric antrum.


Multiple images from EGD procedures. (C) EGD image showing three discrete patches of inflammation in the duodenum.


Multiple images from EGD procedures. (D) EGD image from September 2008 showing inflammation and ulceration in the jejunum.


Multiple images from EGD procedures. (E) EGD image from November 2008 showing inflammation, hyperpigmented mucosa, and erythematous mucosa in the duodenum.


Multiple images from EGD procedures. (F) EGD image from November 2008 again showing duodenitis. . Abbreviation: EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy.


Tagged red blood cell scan showing tracer activity in the left upper quadrant raising suspicion for a proximal jejunal bleeding site.


The gross cross-sectional image of the resected jejunal lesion showing a dilated segment of artery filled with blood.


The histopathological slide of small bowel mucosal erosion with underlying dilated tortuous segments of artery filled with blood consistent with a Dieulafoy lesion.


Histopathological examination showing a single layer of columnar non-ciliated epithelial cells, with basal nuclei and abundant intracellular pale mucinous fluid.


Pelvic CT scan reveals a large tumor mass (black arrowheads) with erosion and destruction of the right sacrum. Retroperitoneal extension of tumor has infiltrated into the right iliacus (IL) and psoas (P) muscles.


CT showed a lesion of bone destruction in the right distal fibula. Sagittal.


CT showed a lesion of bone destruction in the right distal fibula. Axial. CT of bony window showed a centrally osteolytic lesion with an expansive growth pattern, scattered punctate bony sclerosis inside and a local, slight periosteal reaction.


CT showed a lesion of bone destruction in the right distal fibula. Axial CT of soft tissue window images demonstrate a well-demarcated soft tissue mass displayed uneven density in unenhanced phase. CT value = 93 HU).


CT showed a lesion of bone destruction in the right distal fibula. Mild enhancement in the arterial phase. CT value = 113 HU).


CT showed a lesion of bone destruction in the right distal fibula. Moderate heterogeneous enhancement in the portal phase. CT value = 123 HU).