{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "82be8cbf",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# LangDex: Getting Started\n",
    "\n",
    "[LangDex](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Asakiri/langdex) integrates seven open linguistic resources under one schema, keyed on a Glottolog language code and a PanLex concept id, covering ~5,700 languages.\n",
    "\n",
    "This notebook walks through several use cases. It downloads the Parquet tables once and queries them with DuckDB. Runs in Colab or Jupyter."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "daf1407f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!pip install -q duckdb huggingface_hub"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "7dfe2cef",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import duckdb\n",
    "from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download\n",
    "\n",
    "base = snapshot_download('Asakiri/langdex', repo_type='dataset', allow_patterns='data/*.parquet')\n",
    "D = f'{base}/data'\n",
    "con = duckdb.connect()\n",
    "for t in ['languoids','crosswalk','concepts','lexemes','lexeme_concept',\n",
    "          'kaikki_lexemes','senses','etymology','phonology','typology','cognate_sets']:\n",
    "    con.execute(f\"CREATE VIEW {t} AS SELECT * FROM read_parquet('{D}/{t}.parquet')\")\n",
    "print('ready')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "94c4f355",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 1. Translate between two languages, without an English pivot\n",
    "Words connect through a language-neutral concept id, so any language pair links directly. Spanish `agua` to Japanese, Korean, Russian, and German."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e21668f9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def translate(word, src_iso, target_isos):\n",
    "    targets = ', '.join(f\"'{t}'\" for t in target_isos)\n",
    "    return con.execute(f'''\n",
    "        WITH src AS (\n",
    "          SELECT DISTINCT lc.concept_id\n",
    "          FROM lexemes le\n",
    "          JOIN languoids lg ON lg.glottocode = le.glottocode AND lg.iso639_3 = '{src_iso}'\n",
    "          JOIN lexeme_concept lc ON lc.lexeme_id = le.lexeme_id\n",
    "          WHERE le.lemma = '{word}'\n",
    "        )\n",
    "        SELECT l.name AS language, string_agg(DISTINCT le.lemma, ', ') AS words\n",
    "        FROM src\n",
    "        JOIN lexeme_concept lc USING (concept_id)\n",
    "        JOIN lexemes le ON le.lexeme_id = lc.lexeme_id\n",
    "        JOIN languoids l ON l.glottocode = le.glottocode\n",
    "        WHERE l.iso639_3 IN ({targets})\n",
    "        GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1\n",
    "    ''').df()\n",
    "\n",
    "translate('agua', 'spa', ['jpn', 'kor', 'rus', 'deu'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8b0af823",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2. A word profile: part of speech, pronunciation, and definitions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "22e86b96",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "con.execute('''\n",
    "    SELECT k.pos, k.ipa, s.definition\n",
    "    FROM kaikki_lexemes k\n",
    "    JOIN senses s ON s.lexeme_id = k.lexeme_id\n",
    "    WHERE k.lang_code = 'en' AND k.lemma = 'free'\n",
    "''').df()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6f413df5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3. Etymology: English words borrowed from Latin, French, and Ancient Greek"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "dff2169f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "con.execute('''\n",
    "    SELECT term1 AS english_word, term2 AS origin, lang2_name AS origin_language\n",
    "    FROM etymology\n",
    "    WHERE lang1 = 'english' AND relationship_type = 'borrowed'\n",
    "      AND lang2 IN ('latin', 'french', 'ancient greek')\n",
    "    LIMIT 15\n",
    "''').df()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1a02620d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 4. Phonology: languages with the largest phoneme inventories"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "9a7d8731",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "con.execute('''\n",
    "    SELECT lg.name, count(*) AS phonemes\n",
    "    FROM phonology p\n",
    "    JOIN languoids lg ON lg.glottocode = p.glottocode\n",
    "    GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 2 DESC LIMIT 10\n",
    "''').df()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7762ed47",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5. One meaning across many languages: 'water'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "1ff2817d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "con.execute('''\n",
    "    SELECT lg.name AS language, string_agg(DISTINCT le.lemma, ', ') AS words\n",
    "    FROM concepts c\n",
    "    JOIN lexeme_concept lc USING (concept_id)\n",
    "    JOIN lexemes le ON le.lexeme_id = lc.lexeme_id\n",
    "    JOIN languoids lg ON lg.glottocode = le.glottocode\n",
    "    WHERE c.gloss = 'water' AND lg.name IS NOT NULL\n",
    "    GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 25\n",
    "''').df()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9044bb39",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 6. Cognate sets (Indo-European, from Lexibank)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "cf5c90ca",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "con.execute('''\n",
    "    SELECT concept, language_count, word_count\n",
    "    FROM cognate_sets ORDER BY language_count DESC LIMIT 10\n",
    "''').df()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "adb723db",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Try your own"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a56a4ec2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "translate('mother', 'eng', ['spa', 'fra', 'deu', 'hin', 'swa'])"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {},
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 5
}