original_problem stringlengths 164 952 | original_solution stringclasses 7
values | augmented_problem stringlengths 459 1.72k | augmented_solution stringclasses 26
values | distractor_metadata dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Problem: Statement: Claim: Children should not be allowed to inherit vast wealth as this damages them and society.
Perspective: Inherited wealth demotivates the recipients so that they put less effort into training, education and social skills.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? If the persp... | A | Problem: Statement: Claim: Children should not be allowed to inherit vast wealth as this damages them and society.
Perspective: Inherited wealth demotivates the recipients so that they put less effort into training, education and social skills.
Flawed reasoning trace (plausible but incorrect):
1) If children inherit v... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, coherent but flawed chain of reasoning that appears to reach the opposite conclusion; the solver must recognize the error in that chain rather than accept it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficu... |
Statement: Claim: Domestic intelligence agencies have a legitimate role to play in democracy.
Perspective: The government does not have the right to spy on its citizens.
Rule: If the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view, it is supporting; otherwise it is undermining.
Question: Does the pers... | undermine | Statement: Claim: Domestic intelligence agencies have a legitimate role to play in democracy.
Perspective: The government does not have the right to spy on its citizens.
Alternative reasoning trace:
1. Premise: "The government does not have the right to spy on its citizens."
2. Interpret "spy" as referring only to abus... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "An alternative multi-step reasoning trace is injected that appears plausible but contains an interpretive error (it narrows the meaning of 'spy'). The model must detect the flawed step rather than accept the chain.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning t... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Should Turkey Be Accepted In The EU.
Perspective: As a matter of precedent, Turkey should be allowed into the EU.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option.
(A) Support
(B) Undermine
Solution: A | A | Problem: Statement: Claim: Should Turkey Be Accepted In The EU.
Perspective: As a matter of precedent, Turkey should be allowed into the EU.
(Note: A reasoning trace is included below that contains a subtle error and should be evaluated for correctness.)
Flawed reasoning trace: 1) "Precedent" only applies to cases whe... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning was injected that misapplies the concept of 'precedent' by equating it with geographic contiguity; the solver must detect the error and ignore the flawed trace when judging whether the perspective supports the cl... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Arming the police is a good idea. Perspective: arming police will not help violence. Respond with either the single word support or undermine. | undermine | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Arming the police is a good idea. Perspective: arming police will not help violence. (Note: some flawed reasoning traces try to argue the opposite; for example: "1) If police are armed, criminals will be deterred; 2) deterrence necess... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted into the problem so the solver must recognize the trace as incorrect and not let it change the correct label.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_in... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: There are economic advantages for states to approve gay marriages. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be either support or undermine.
... | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: There are economic advantages for states to approve gay marriages. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be either support or undermine.
... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Injected a multi-step flawed reasoning chain that appears to argue the opposite conclusion; the solver must detect the errors in that chain rather than accept it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase":... |
Statement: Task: Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: Legalizing gay marriage is a stepping stone toward disgusting and harmful marriage practices such as incestuous, best... | B | Statement: Task: Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: Legalizing gay marriage is a stepping stone toward disgusting and harmful marriage practices such as incestuous, best... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning is injected. The model must detect the error in that chain rather than being led by its surface similarity to the claim.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_... |
Statement: Claim: The use of child performers should be banned. Perspective: Being a performer can make the child physically vulnerable. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with a single word: support or undermine | support | Statement: Claim: The use of child performers should be banned. Perspective: Being a performer can make the child physically vulnerable. Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect): "All performers are always supervised and trained, so physical vulnerability is effectively eliminated; therefore being a performer does not make a... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is inserted that asserts an incorrect universal generalization (supervision always eliminates vulnerability) which the solver must recognize as erroneous.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimate... |
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: UK should have a second Brexit referendum before leaving the EU. Perspective: The referendum is inconsistent with the UK's tradition of representative democracy EU membersh. Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) supports (B) under... | B | Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: UK should have a second Brexit referendum before leaving the EU. Perspective: The referendum is inconsistent with the UK's tradition of representative democracy EU membersh. Flawed reasoning trace: (1) Representative democracy requires elected MPs to make decis... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but logically flawed reasoning chain is embedded in the problem for the solver to identify as incorrect and ignore when determining whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Everyone Should Automatically Be Opted into an Organ Donation Scheme.
Perspective: Some just don’t bother to register as a donor, even if they support the cause.
Question: Based only on the claim and the perspective above, does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Answer with a sin... | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: Everyone Should Automatically Be Opted into an Organ Donation Scheme.
Perspective: Some just don’t bother to register as a donor, even if they support the cause.
Flawed reasoning chain (incorrect): One might argue as follows — because some people do not register, that non-registration must i... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "An explicitly labeled flawed reasoning trace was inserted that makes an incorrect inference (treating non-registration as active opposition) and draws the opposite conclusion to the correct one.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
... |
Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: Marriage is an outdated institution.
Perspective: Those who are observant religiously think that marriage is important.
Choose the best option:
(A) Supports
(B) Undermines
(C) Both supports and undermines
(D) Neither supports... | B | Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: Marriage is an outdated institution.
Perspective: Those who are observant religiously think that marriage is important.
Flawed reasoning trace (injected for analysis):
1. Observant religious people think marriage is importan... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Injected a short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning that contains a clear logical error (an overgeneralization from a subgroup to everyone) for the solver to detect and ignore.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_d... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Basic income tax should be abolished. Perspective: Income tax is not the best way to redistribute wealth or pay for public goods. Choose one of two answers exactly support or undermine | support | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Basic income tax should be abolished. Perspective: Income tax is not the best way to redistribute wealth or pay for public goods. Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect): One could argue that because this perspective only critiques the eff... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed reasoning chain was inserted that interprets the perspective as undermining the claim by arguing the perspective merely critiques effectiveness and therefore implies reform rather than abolition.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning trac... |
Statement: Given the claim: Junk Food Should Be Banned. And the perspective: The sale of "junk food" items provide vital financial assistance to schools. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine. | undermine | Statement: Given the claim: Junk Food Should Be Banned. And the perspective: The sale of "junk food" items provide vital financial assistance to schools. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine.
Flawed reasoning trace (to be evaluated):
1. Junk food c... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A flawed multi-step reasoning chain is inserted that draws an apparent conclusion (support the ban) by making unsupported generalizations and conflating societal health costs with the school's financial needs; the solver must recognize the chain's errors.",
... |
Statement: Claim: All nations have a right to nuclear weapons. Perspective: No country has an inherent right to invade or use aggression against another. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. | support | Statement: Claim: All nations have a right to nuclear weapons. Perspective: No country has an inherent right to invade or use aggression against another. Flawed reasoning trace (contains an error):
1) Nuclear weapons are primarily instruments of aggression and invasion.
2) The perspective says no country has an inher... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain was inserted that incorrectly equates possession of nuclear weapons with a right to invade or use aggression; the model must recognize the error in that trace.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"est... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Global Warming is not an issue. Perspective: Because people are losing lives and our climate is changing. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be either support or undermine. | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Global Warming is not an issue. Perspective: Because people are losing lives and our climate is changing. (Note: below is a separate, flawed reasoning trace that some readers might find convincing but is incorrect; treat it as a distractor.) Flawed reasoning trace (distractor): 1) The climate... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A plausible but incorrect multi-step reasoning chain is inserted that appears to refute the perspective; the model must detect the chain's errors rather than accept it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_incr... |
Statement: Claim: We must ban negative advertising in political campaigns. Perspective: Negative campaigns reduce diversity. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with exactly one of the words: support or undermine | support | Statement: Claim: We must ban negative advertising in political campaigns. Perspective: Negative campaigns reduce diversity. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with exactly one of the words: support or undermine
Flawed reasoning trace (possible but incorrect):
"Negative campaign... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning is embedded in the problem; the solver must detect the error in that chain rather than be misled by it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moder... |
Statement: Given the claim: "Voting should be compulsory in the UK." and the perspective: "People forced to vote are unlikely to vote intelligently." Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Options: (A) supports (B) undermines | B | Statement: Given the claim: "Voting should be compulsory in the UK." and the perspective: "People forced to vote are unlikely to vote intelligently." Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Options: (A) supports (B) undermines
A flawed reasoning chain is sometimes offered in debates; you mu... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "An explicitly flawed chain of reasoning is inserted into the prompt that contains incorrect inference steps which the solver must identify as mistaken rather than accept.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_in... |
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: We should expand NATO. Perspective: NATO development was important for international stability. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with exactly one of: support or undermine | support | Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: We should expand NATO. Perspective: NATO development was important for international stability. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with exactly one of: support or undermine
Flawed reasoning trace (contains an error):
1) NA... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning was inserted that concludes the opposite of the correct judgment; the model must identify the error and ignore the incorrect trace.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_dif... |
Statement: Claim: Forced marriage should be banned.
Perspective: The state should not be allowed to intrude in such personal matters.
Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine. | undermine | Statement: Claim: Forced marriage should be banned.
Perspective: The state should not be allowed to intrude in such personal matters.
Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine.
Flawed reasoning trace (presented as an example line of thought):
- Premise ... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but logically flawed chain of reasoning is injected into the problem. The model must detect the error in that trace rather than accept its (incorrect) conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_di... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: The American Jobs Act should pass.
Perspective: The American Jobs Act Will Help the Long Term Unemployed.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option:
(A) supports
(B) undermines
(C) both supports and undermines
(D) neither supports nor undermines
(E) insu... | A | Problem: Statement: Claim: The American Jobs Act should pass.
Perspective: The American Jobs Act Will Help the Long Term Unemployed.
Note: Below is a short reasoning trace some commentators put forward; it contains a subtle error you should notice.
Flawed reasoning trace:
1. The perspective says the Act will help the ... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A flawed, multi-step reasoning chain is injected into the problem; the model must detect the error(s) in that chain rather than accept the chain's conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "mo... |
Statement: Claim: Golf is a Sport. Perspective: If you can compete in golf with a handicap, then it is not a sport. Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) supports the claim (B) undermines the claim | B | Statement: Claim: Golf is a Sport. Perspective: If you can compete in golf with a handicap, then it is not a sport.
Flawed reasoning trace (to be evaluated for errors):
1. Many recognized sports use handicaps or adjustments to make contests fairer — for example, tennis uses handicaps in the form of head starts for low... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a flawed chain of reasoning that appears to refute the perspective but contains factual and logical errors (equivocation and false examples) which the solver must detect as incorrect.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"e... |
Statement: Claim: Everyone should go vegetarian.
Perspective: Studies show that vegetarians are up to 40% less likely to develop cancer than meat eaters.
Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. | support | Statement: Claim: Everyone should go vegetarian.
Perspective: Studies show that vegetarians are up to 40% less likely to develop cancer than meat eaters.
An interlocutor supplies the following reasoning trace as evidence: (1) Vegetarians are up to 40% less likely to develop cancer than meat eaters. (2) Therefore meat c... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A flawed chain of reasoning is embedded that moves from correlation to definitive causation and then to elimination of risk; the model must identify the error and not let it change the final judgment.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
... |
Statement: Claim: Speed limits should be reduced.
Perspective: Government have illegitimate reasons behind lowering the speed limit.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) Supports (B) Undermines | B | Statement: Claim: Speed limits should be reduced.
Perspective: Government have illegitimate reasons behind lowering the speed limit.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) Supports (B) Undermines
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect):
1) The phrase "illegitimate reasons" could be i... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning that concludes the opposite of the correct inference; the model must identify the trace as flawed.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "M... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law.
Perspective: Legalizing gay marriage will not harm the institution of marriage, and same-sex marriages may even be more stable than heterosexual marriages.
Question: Does the perspective suppo... | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law.
Perspective: Legalizing gay marriage will not harm the institution of marriage, and same-sex marriages may even be more stable than heterosexual marriages.
Flawed reasoning (incorrect) presen... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning that argues the opposite conclusion; the model must recognize the trace as incorrect to avoid being misled.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increas... |
Statement: Claim: Positive Discrimination Towards Women in Society Is Justified.
Perspective: It does not address the underlying issues.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option.
(A) Supports
(B) Undermines
Solution: B | B | Statement: Claim: Positive Discrimination Towards Women in Society Is Justified.
Perspective: It does not address the underlying issues.
(Flawed reasoning trace — watch for errors below)
1. Positive discrimination policies increase the number of women in visible positions.
2. Increased visibility directly eliminates b... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Injected a short, plausible but flawed reasoning chain that concludes the opposite of the correct answer; the model must detect the logical errors in the trace rather than accept its conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
... |
Statement: Claim: All drugs should be decriminalised.
Perspective: Why is it legitimate for the government to ban drugs
Task: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. 'Supporting' means the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view; 'Undermining' means it could not. Pr... | support | Statement: Claim: All drugs should be decriminalised.
Perspective: Why is it legitimate for the government to ban drugs
Flawed reasoning trace (to be evaluated alongside the perspective):
1) Governments exist to prevent harm to citizens.
2) All drugs inevitably lead to harm in every case.
3) Therefore any government b... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausibly persuasive but logically flawed reasoning chain that concludes government bans are automatically legitimate; the solver must detect the error rather than accept the chain.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
... |
Problem: Statement: Given the claim and the perspective below, decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Teachers Should Have The Right To Punish Pupils Physically If The Parents Consent. Perspective: Allowing children to be hit sends the message that it is OK to treat children in this way... | B | Problem: Statement: Given the claim and the perspective below, decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Teachers Should Have The Right To Punish Pupils Physically If The Parents Consent. Perspective: Allowing children to be hit sends the message that it is OK to treat children in this way... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a flawed multi-step reasoning chain into the problem that appears plausible but contains logical errors (equivocation about 'private' vs public norms and a false assumption that parental consent prevents societal messaging). The model must recognize th... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: The world should go vegan.
Perspective: The risk of heart disease is reduced in people who adhere to a vegetarian diet.
Choose one:
(A) Supports the claim
(B) Undermines the claim
Solution: A | A | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: The world should go vegan.
Perspective: The risk of heart disease is reduced in people who adhere to a vegetarian diet.
Flawed reasoning trace (contains logical errors and should be identified as incorrect):
1. Vegetarian diets reduc... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A flawed multi-step reasoning chain is inserted that contains incorrect equivalence and overgeneralization, which a model must detect as erroneous rather than accepting its (wrong) conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"e... |
Statement: Claim: The US should immediately close Guantanamo Bay. Perspective: Release is not the Solution. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. | undermine | Statement: Claim: The US should immediately close Guantanamo Bay. Perspective: Release is not the Solution. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
(Inserted reasoning trace from the perspective)
The author of the perspective lays out a short chain of reasoning: 1) Closing Guantanamo Bay wo... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible reasoning chain was injected that contains an incorrect assumption (equating closing the facility with unconditional release). The model must detect the flaw and not be misled.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Prostitution Should Be Legal. Perspective: Legalization has benefits for society. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: Prostitution Should Be Legal. Perspective: Legalization has benefits for society. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim?
Flawed reasoning trace (possible distractor):
1) If prostitution is legalized, it will become more visible in public life.
2) Increased visibility ... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that appears to lead to the opposite conclusion but contains unsupported premises (e.g., equivocation and causal leaps) that must be identified as incorrect.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Eliminate All Nuclear Weapons.
Perspective: countries have the right to self defense with nuclear weapons, even when they lack capacity in conventional weapons
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Eliminate All Nuclear Weapons.
Perspective: countries have the right to self defense with nuclear weapons, even when they lack capacity in conventional weapons
Flawed reasoning trace (plausible but incorrect): One could reason that this perspective does not actually block elimination because... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning is inserted that appears to show the perspective is compatible with elimination; the solver must detect errors in that chain and not be misled.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
... |
Statement: Claim: 16 year olds should be able to vote at presidental elections.
Perspective: 16 year olds are informed enough to cast a vote.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose the best option. | A | Statement: Claim: 16 year olds should be able to vote at presidental elections.
Perspective: 16 year olds are informed enough to cast a vote.
Flawed reasoning trace (included for evaluation):
Premise 1: Most 16-year-olds spend a large portion of their time on social media, where information is often condensed into hea... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a plausible but flawed multi-step reasoning chain that argues the opposite conclusion; the model must recognize the chain's faulty generalization and false equivalence.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_diffic... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Wind power should be a primary focus of future energy supply. Perspective: Animal habitats are threatened by the turbines used in wind power. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Solution: undermine | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Wind power should be a primary focus of future energy supply. Perspective: Animal habitats are threatened by the turbines used in wind power.
Flawed reasoning trace (possible error introduced):
1) Wind turbines occupy only a small percentage of land compared to other energy infrastructure. ... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, flawed multi-step reasoning chain that concludes the opposite of the correct judgment; the chain contains an incorrect inference (equating small land area with negligible habitat impact).",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: We have to teach creationism in schools.
Perspective: Freedom of speech should apply to teachers as much as anyone else.
Task: Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view, classify it as supporting. ... | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: We have to teach creationism in schools.
Perspective: Freedom of speech should apply to teachers as much as anyone else.
(Flawed reasoning trace included — identify it as incorrect if you rely on it.)
Flawed reasoning trace: 1) Teachers have freedom of speech. 2) Freedom of speech means a pe... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted into the problem; the solver must recognize the trace as incorrect and not let it change the classification.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_inc... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: All Americans should have the right (be entitled) to health care.
Perspective: Health care for all might cost more in taxes.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Answer with a single word: support or undermine | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: All Americans should have the right (be entitled) to health care.
Perspective: Health care for all might cost more in taxes.
Flawed reasoning trace (to be evaluated): "If universal health care requires higher taxes, that can't be a meaningful cost because taxes simply circulate back into the ... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect reasoning chain is inserted for the solver to evaluate and reject. The chain purports to neutralize the tax-cost concern by treating tax flows as non-costs.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"esti... |
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Raise The School Leaving Age To 18. Perspective: Society should make it easier for all young people to receive an education. Return exactly one word: support or undermine | support | Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Raise The School Leaving Age To 18. Perspective: Society should make it easier for all young people to receive an education.
Flawed reasoning chain (to be scrutinized):
1) The perspective says so... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is included for the solver to evaluate and reject. The chain appears to argue that the perspective undermines the claim, but contains incorrect assumptions.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
... |
Statement: Claim: It is time to stop buying bottled water. Perspective: Bottled water is important for travelers to avoid illnesss. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. | undermine | Statement: Claim: It is time to stop buying bottled water. Perspective: Bottled water is important for travelers to avoid illnesss. Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect): 1) Bottled water helps travelers avoid illness. 2) If something helps travelers avoid illness, it must be indispensable for everyone at all times. 3) Th... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, labeled chain of reasoning with a subtle logical error (an overgeneralization from 'travelers' to 'everyone') is inserted so the model must spot the flawed steps rather than being misled by superficially plausible logic.",
"name": "Finding errors... |
Statement: Claim: Religion In Itself Is A Purely Positive Force In The World.
Perspective: Religion's Net Impact On The World Is A Positive One.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose the best option.
(A) supports the claim
(B) undermines the claim
Solution: A | A | Statement: Claim: Religion In Itself Is A Purely Positive Force In The World.
Perspective: Religion's Net Impact On The World Is A Positive One.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect):
1) Many historical conflicts have religious labels (e.g., the Crusades, the Wars of Religion), so religion directly causes violence and di... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning is inserted that the solver must detect as flawed (e.g., conflating correlation with causation and overgeneralizing from selective examples).",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: Performing tests on animals must be banned.
Perspective: Testing is needed for really new drugs.
Choose the best option:
(A) The perspective supports the claim
(B) The perspective undermines the claim
(C) The perspective is neutral or... | B | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: Performing tests on animals must be banned.
Perspective: Testing is needed for really new drugs.
Flawed reasoning chain (incorrect): Some commenters reason as follows: "Testing is needed only for a small subset of 'really new' drugs,... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is inserted that overgeneralizes from assumptions about alternatives and rare cases, requiring the solver to identify the error rather than accept the chain.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estim... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Fast Food Advertising Should Be Banned.
Perspective: Marketing aimed at children should be subject to strict regulations.
Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be exactly one of the words: support or undermine
Solution: support | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: Fast Food Advertising Should Be Banned.
Perspective: Marketing aimed at children should be subject to strict regulations.
(Flawed reasoning trace — included as a distractor to test error detection):
Some might argue the following chain of thought:
1) If marketing aimed at children should be ... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning is inserted that concludes strict regulation undermines a ban; the solver must recognize this trace is flawed.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase":... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: "Religious freedom abroad should be one of the primary foreign policy concerns for any country." Perspective: "Religion does not motivate foreign policy." Choose the best option: (A) supports the claim (B) undermines the claim (C) Oth... | B | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: "Religious freedom abroad should be one of the primary foreign policy concerns for any country." Perspective: "Religion does not motivate foreign policy."
Analyst reasoning (flawed trace): 1) If religion does not motivate foreign po... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed chain of reasoning is injected into the problem; the chain contains logical leaps and a false conclusion that conflicts with the correct judgment.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase":... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with exactly one word: support or undermine.
Claim: The U.S. Should Ban The Use of Cluster Bombs.
Perspective: This House Believes That the U.S. Should Ban The Use of Cluster Bombs. | support | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with exactly one word: support or undermine.
Claim: The U.S. Should Ban The Use of Cluster Bombs.
Perspective: This House Believes That the U.S. Should Ban The Use of Cluster Bombs.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect) that some migh... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed chain-of-thought is included in the problem that incorrectly argues the perspective undermines the claim; the solver must detect the error and ignore the faulty trace.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Fast Food Advertising Should Be Banned.
Perspective: There are alternative methods of distributing the toys.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option.
(A) supports
(B) undermines
(C) neither
(D) both
(E) unsure
(F) supports but only partially
(G) underm... | B | Problem: Statement: Claim: Fast Food Advertising Should Be Banned.
Perspective: There are alternative methods of distributing the toys.
Reasoning trace (plausible but flawed): 1) The purpose of banning fast food advertising is to remove toy-based incentives that encourage unhealthy choices. 2) If companies can distrib... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, coherent-looking reasoning chain was inserted that reaches a conclusion opposite to the correct inference; the solver must identify the chain as flawed and ignore its incorrect inference.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: All nations should ban bullfighting. Perspective: Bullfighting should be treated like other forms of animal torture. | support | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: All nations should ban bullfighting. Perspective: Bullfighting should be treated like other forms of animal torture. (Included flawed reasoning trace for evaluation: 1) All forms of animal torture are already banned in every country. ... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is inserted into the perspective: it contains an incorrect universal premise (that all animal torture is already banned everywhere) leading to a wrong conclusion that the claim is unnecessary. The model must spot the error in that... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Deny Organs to Non-Donors.
Perspective: People may have valid religious reasons not to donate organs.
Task: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view, it is supporting; otherwise it is undermini... | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Deny Organs to Non-Donors.
Perspective: People may have valid religious reasons not to donate organs.
Flawed reasoning trace (for evaluation):
- Premise 1: Organs are scarce resources and the healthcare system should prioritize those who have contributed to the pool.
- Premise 2: People who ... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is inserted that appears to draw a supportively logical conclusion but contains errors (equivocation, presumption that religious objections are mere preferences, and a questionable free-rider framing). The model must identify the ... |
Statement: Claim: The UN should be reformed or replaced. Perspective: The UN has performed a valuable service in preventing wars and in peacekeeping. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. | support | Statement: Claim: The UN should be reformed or replaced. Perspective: The UN has performed a valuable service in preventing wars and in peacekeeping. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Flawed reasoning trace (please note: this chain contains a subtle error you should spot):
1) The pers... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible-looking reasoning chain is inserted that draws an incorrect inference from the perspective to the claim; the model must recognize the error in that chain rather than accept the faulty conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning t... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Tablets should replace textbooks in K-12 schools.
Perspective: Tablets increase the number of excuses available for students not doing their schoolwork.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Answer with a single word: support or undermine
Solution: undermine | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Tablets should replace textbooks in K-12 schools.
Perspective: Tablets increase the number of excuses available for students not doing their schoolwork.
Flawed reasoning trace (contains errors):
1. Tablets increase the number of excuses students can give for not doing work.
2. If students hav... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible-but-flawed step-by-step reasoning chain is inserted that appears to connect increased excuses to a positive outcome, requiring the solver to detect the error.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_diffic... |
Statement: Claim: Gay couples should be allowed to marry. Perspective: Same-sex marriage may have a lower divorce rate than heterosexual marriage proving once and for all that gay marriage is good for the institution of marriage. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Use this rule: if the ... | support | Statement: Claim: Gay couples should be allowed to marry. Perspective: Same-sex marriage may have a lower divorce rate than heterosexual marriage proving once and for all that gay marriage is good for the institution of marriage.
Flawed reasoning trace (for you to evaluate):
1) Empirical observation: same-sex marriag... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that commits causal and selection-bias errors; the task-taker must recognize the chain is flawed and not let it change the classification.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimate... |
Statement: Claim: Drones Should Be Used to Take Out Enemy Combatants. Perspective: Drone strikes are often not targeting high value targets. Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) Supports the claim (B) Undermines the claim | B | Statement: Claim: Drones Should Be Used to Take Out Enemy Combatants. Perspective: Drone strikes are often not targeting high value targets. Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) Supports the claim (B) Undermines the claim
Flawed reasoning trace (for review):
- Premise: Drone strikes are... | B
Explanation: The perspective undermines the claim because saying strikes "are often not targeting high value targets" suggests they miss the strategic targets that justify use of drones and raises concerns about effectiveness, legitimacy, and collateral harm. The included reasoning trace is flawed: it assumes that k... | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that appears to support the claim; the solver must spot the error in that trace rather than accept it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase"... |
Statement: Claim: Widen the East African Community.
Perspective: Conflicts and insecurity in the region will be resolved.
Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Choose one option.
(A) Supports the claim
(B) Undermines the claim
(C) Both supports and undermines
(D) Neither supports nor undermin... | A | Statement: Claim: Widen the East African Community.
Perspective: Conflicts and insecurity in the region will be resolved.
Flawed reasoning trace: "If conflicts and insecurity are resolved, then all political and economic barriers to expansion will disappear immediately; therefore widening is guaranteed. For example, b... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is embedded in the problem; the solver must recognize the chain's incorrect assumptions and not be misled by it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moderate — the fl... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Ghana’s ban on smoking in public places is a model for Africa. Perspective: It isn't necessary to ban smoking. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Ghana’s ban on smoking in public places is a model for Africa. Perspective: It isn't necessary to ban smoking. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Flawed reasoning trace: "In some cities public smoking is already uncommon without any formal ban, so legal bans ... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausibly argued but logically flawed reasoning chain is inserted; the solver must detect the fallacy rather than accept the chain at face value.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "Modera... |
Statement: Claim: People should have a right to private education. Perspective: Private schools are financially good for the state. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be either support or undermine. | support | Statement: Claim: People should have a right to private education. Perspective: Private schools are financially good for the state. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer must be either support or undermine.
Note: Below is a sample reasoning trace offered by someone else. That trace... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a flawed step-by-step reasoning trace that draws an incorrect conclusion from the perspective; the solver must recognize the error and not be misled.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "mo... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: permit the use of performance enhancing drugs in professional sports. Perspective: Sports will become even more dangerous for athletes if they are allowed to take performance enhancing drugs. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Respond with exactly one word: support... | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: permit the use of performance enhancing drugs in professional sports. Perspective: Sports will become even more dangerous for athletes if they are allowed to take performance enhancing drugs. Some commentators even offer a causal chain in support of permitting drugs: 1) Allowing performance e... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A plausible but flawed multi-step reasoning chain is embedded in the problem that appears to argue the opposite of the perspective's conclusion; the model must detect the error in that chain rather than accept it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning tr... |
Statement: Classify whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: We should build new nuclear power plants.
Perspective: Nuclear energy will not change carbon emissions in the atmosphere.
Respond with either support or undermine | support | Statement: Classify whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: We should build new nuclear power plants.
Perspective: Nuclear energy will not change carbon emissions in the atmosphere.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect):
1) Nuclear plants emit negligible operational CO2, so their lifecycle carbon ... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a step-by-step reasoning chain that reaches an incorrect conclusion; the solver must detect the flawed steps rather than accept the chain at face value.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": ... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Violent video games cause violent crime.
Perspective: Restricting violent video games will have no correlation to a reduction in societal crime.
Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with exactly one word: support or undermine
Solution: undermine | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Violent video games cause violent crime.
Perspective: Restricting violent video games will have no correlation to a reduction in societal crime.
Flawed reasoning trace (to be evaluated):
1. Many individuals who commit violent acts are reported to have played violent video games at some point... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed chain of reasoning is injected so the solver must detect the logical errors (e.g., conflating correlation with causation, selection bias) rather than accept the trace at face value.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: We should allow death penalty for the worst of the worst criminals.
Perspective: The penalty of death is a crime deterrent.
Question: Based on the perspective, does it support or undermine the claim?
Solution: support | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: We should allow death penalty for the worst of the worst criminals.
Perspective: The penalty of death is a crime deterrent.
Flawed reasoning trace (to be evaluated): A commentator argues: "Data shows some jurisdictions without the death penalty have lower homicide rates than some with it, so... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning that contains logical fallacies (e.g., correlation implies causation, cherry-picking) which a model must detect as flawed.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficu... |
Statement: Claim: You have nothing to worry about surveillance if you have done nothing wrong. Perspective: Power trips can be had by agencies. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Choose one: (A) supports (B) undermines | B | Statement: Claim: You have nothing to worry about surveillance if you have done nothing wrong. Perspective: Power trips can be had by agencies.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect): Because surveillance agencies operate under laws, oversight, and audits, they are effectively prevented from abusing collected data. The ex... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that appears to support the claim; the solver must identify the chain as incorrect and not let it change the judgment.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_... |
Statement: Claim: The US and its allies were justified in taking military action against Iraq following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.
Perspective: The Coalition had a high probability of success.
Question: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine. | support | Statement: Claim: The US and its allies were justified in taking military action against Iraq following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.
Perspective: The Coalition had a high probability of success.
Flawed reasoning trace (contains errors):
1) Because the Coalition had a high probability of success, military action would aut... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning that contains incorrect inferences the solver must recognize as mistaken.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "moderate — the flawed chain i... |
Statement: Claim: The United States should use the electoral college in presidential elections. Perspective: With the electoral college in place, it weakens people's incentives for voting. Does this perspective support or undermine the claim? | undermine | Statement: Claim: The United States should use the electoral college in presidential elections. Perspective: With the electoral college in place, it weakens people's incentives for voting. (Flawed reasoning trace: One might argue that because the electoral college weakens incentives to vote, only highly motivated and b... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning is inserted that appears to support the claim; the model must detect the error and ignore the flawed trace when reaching the correct answer.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"e... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: College education is worth it.
Perspective: Attending college is a great way to network.
Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with either support or undermine.
Solution: support | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: College education is worth it.
Perspective: Attending college is a great way to network.
Flawed reasoning trace (contains an error): 1) Attending college is a great way to network. 2) Therefore, networking is the only real benefit of college. 3) Networking can be achieved just as well online ... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is injected that reaches an opposing conclusion by making false assumptions (e.g., treating networking as the only benefit and equating online networking with in-person college networking). The task-taker must recognize the trace ... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: social networking sites should be banned at the workplaces. Perspective: The public has a reliable source of essential public health and safety information through their social media accounts. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with a single word: suppo... | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: social networking sites should be banned at the workplaces. Perspective: The public has a reliable source of essential public health and safety information through their social media accounts.
Note: Below is a short chain of reasoning that appears to connect the perspective to the claim but... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed chain of reasoning is injected into the problem that appears to justify the claim; the model must detect the flaw and not be misled.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "moderate-hig... |
Statement: Claim: Democracy Is the Best Form of Government.
Perspective: Promoting democracy promotes peace.
Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Return exactly one of the words: support or undermine | support | Statement: Claim: Democracy Is the Best Form of Government.
Perspective: Promoting democracy promotes peace.
Flawed reasoning chain (for you to evaluate):
1) Promoting democracy promotes peace, so democracy always causes peace between states.
2) Anything that causes peace is automatically the best form of government b... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short flawed reasoning trace that contains a mistaken generalization (false inference that causing peace is sufficient to make a system 'best'). The model must detect the error in the trace rather than accept the chain at face value.",
"name": ... |
Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law.
Perspective: A proper marriage is between two heterosexual people of different genders.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose the best option.
(A) Support
(B) Undermine | B | Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law.
Perspective: A proper marriage is between two heterosexual people of different genders.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect): 1) The perspective asserts a specific definition of marriage — that it is bet... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning is inserted into the problem; the solver must identify that this trace is flawed and not let it change the correct conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_diffi... |
Problem: Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view, it is supporting; otherwise it is undermining.
Claim: Africans are worse off due to natural resources.
Perspective: Con... | A | Problem: Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view, it is supporting; otherwise it is undermining.
Claim: Africans are worse off due to natural resources.
Perspective: Con... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted an explicit flawed chain of reasoning that misinterprets 'conflict centered around resources' as evidence that resources are beneficial, which is logically incorrect in this context.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"es... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: Gay marriage is contrary to the word of God and is incompatible with the beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups. Determine whether the perspective supports... | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Same sex relationships should have the same legal status as heterosexual relationships under EU law. Perspective: Gay marriage is contrary to the word of God and is incompatible with the beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups.
Flawed reasoning trace (contains errors)... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausible-looking reasoning chain that contains logical errors (appeal to tradition, non sequitur, conflation of religious belief with legal validity) which a model must detect as flawed.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
... |
Statement: Claim: We must ban negative advertising in political campaigns. Perspective: Negative campaigning creates voter apathy and prevents accurate reporting of candidates’ policies and ideologies. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) Supports (B) Undermines | A | Statement: Claim: We must ban negative advertising in political campaigns. Perspective: Negative campaigning creates voter apathy and prevents accurate reporting of candidates’ policies and ideologies.
Flawed reasoning trace (contains errors): Premise 1: Negative ads point out opponents' flaws and scandals, so they pr... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A flawed multi-step reasoning trace is inserted that appears to argue against banning negative advertising but contains logical errors (unsupported assumptions and a false inference).",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: The United States should maintain its embargo against Cuba.
Perspective: The embargo prevents the people of Cuba from joining the digital age by cutting them off from technology, and restricts the electronic flow of information to the island.
Task: Decide whether the perspective supports or u... | B | Problem: Statement: Claim: The United States should maintain its embargo against Cuba.
Perspective: The embargo prevents the people of Cuba from joining the digital age by cutting them off from technology, and restricts the electronic flow of information to the island.
Counterargument (flawed reasoning trace offered b... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that argues the embargo is protective by blocking harmful digital influence; the model must detect the logical errors and not let the flawed trace change the correct judgment.",
"name": "Finding errors... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: The use of animals as objects of sport and entertainment should be banned.
Perspective: Using animals in sport demeans humans.
Question: Based on the claim and the perspective, determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine. | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: The use of animals as objects of sport and entertainment should be banned.
Perspective: Using animals in sport demeans humans.
Question: Based on the claim and the perspective, determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine.
Flawed... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is inserted that concludes the opposite of the correct relation; the solver must recognize the chain is incorrect and ignore it when arriving at the correct label.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Tennessee is correct to protect teachers who wish to explore the merits of creationism.
Perspective: Teachers shouldn't teach whatever they want.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one: (A) supports (B) undermines | B | Problem: Statement: Claim: Tennessee is correct to protect teachers who wish to explore the merits of creationism.
Perspective: Teachers shouldn't teach whatever they want.
Flawed reasoning trace (contains an error): One might argue as follows: (1) Teachers have academic freedom; (2) academic freedom means teachers ma... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning is inserted into the problem. The model must detect the flaw in that chain rather than accept it as support for the claim.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficult... |
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Supporting means the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view; undermining means it could not. Claim: The niqab and other face coverings in schools must be banned. Perspective: I... | support | Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Supporting means the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view; undermining means it could not. Claim: The niqab and other face coverings in schools must be banned. Perspective: I... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that reaches the opposite conclusion; the task-taker must detect the error and ignore it when judging the original perspective.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estim... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Sikh school pupils should be allowed to carry ceremonial daggers. Perspective: It is a potential weapon. Options: (A) supports (B) undermines
Solution: B | B | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Sikh school pupils should be allowed to carry ceremonial daggers. Perspective: It is a potential weapon.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect):
1) Ceremonial daggers are purely symbolic religious items and there are few recorded inciden... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausible but incorrect step-by-step reasoning trace that reaches the opposite conclusion (supports) by misgeneralizing from lack of past incidents to impossibility of future risk.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
]... |
Problem: Statement: Given the claim: Increased taxes are good for America. And the perspective: Changing the wealth around to help income disparity. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Choose the best option from (A) through (J). Options: (A) Supports the claim, (B) Undermines the claim,... | A | Problem: Statement: Given the claim: Increased taxes are good for America. And the perspective: Changing the wealth around to help income disparity. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. (Note: below is a short flawed reasoning trace some might offer — it is intentionally present as a dist... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, labeled flawed reasoning chain that reaches an incorrect conclusion; the solver must recognize the trace is faulty and not let it change the correct label.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty... |
Statement: Claim: Strict parenting works best. Perspective: Kids deserve some freedom. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Respond with exactly one word: support or undermine | undermine | Statement: Claim: Strict parenting works best. Perspective: Kids deserve some freedom. Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect): Kids deserve some freedom → therefore giving children a few narrow choices (like picking clothes or a snack) is equivalent to genuine freedom → strict parents can offer such narrow choices while ke... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that appears to connect the perspective to supporting the claim but contains logical errors (equivocation and false equivalence).",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficu... |
Statement: Claim: School Uniforms Should Be Mandatory.
Perspective: Making school uniforms mandatory creates a sense of equality since everyone will be wearing the same clothes.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim?
Options:
(A) Supports the claim
(B) Undermines the claim
Solution: A | A | Statement: Claim: School Uniforms Should Be Mandatory.
Perspective: Making school uniforms mandatory creates a sense of equality since everyone will be wearing the same clothes.
Flawed reasoning trace: An objection is offered in the following chain: If everyone wears the same clothes, visible markers of status disappea... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed chain of reasoning is inserted into the problem; the chain contains logical leaps and incorrect inferences that a solver must recognize as incorrect to avoid being misled.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estima... |
Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Reality TV shows are an important part of popular culture today. Perspective: Reality TV is disgusting. Answer with either support or undermine. | undermine | Problem: Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Reality TV shows are an important part of popular culture today. Perspective: Reality TV is disgusting.
Flawed reasoning trace (to be evaluated): 'If many people call reality TV disgusting, that creates controversy and wide... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but logically flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that appears to justify the opposite label; the model must recognize the chain is incorrect and ignore it when deciding support vs. undermine.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning tr... |
Problem: Statement: You will be given a claim and a perspective. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: Gay couples should be allowed to marry.
Perspective: The concept of "traditional marriage" has changed over time, and the definition of marriage as always being between one man a... | A | Problem: Statement: You will be given a claim and a perspective. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: Gay couples should be allowed to marry.
Perspective: The concept of "traditional marriage" has changed over time, and the definition of marriage as always being between one man a... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Injected a short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning that appears to support the opposite conclusion; the model must identify the chain as flawed and not let it change the assessment of the perspective.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning trace... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Disclose previous convictions in court.
Perspective: Allowing this motion would lead to a miscarriage of justice.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Respond with a single word: support or undermine. | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Disclose previous convictions in court.
Perspective: Allowing this motion would lead to a miscarriage of justice.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect): If disclosing prior convictions is allowed, then courts will have more information about defendants' histories, which will make verdicts more a... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect reasoning chain is included that appears to argue the opposite position; the task is to recognize the trace as flawed and ignore it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increas... |
Statement: Determine whether the following perspective supports or undermines the claim. Support if the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view; otherwise undermines. Claim: Social networking sites are good for our society. Perspective: Social media facilitates political change. | support | Statement: Determine whether the following perspective supports or undermines the claim. Support if the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view; otherwise undermines. Claim: Social networking sites are good for our society. Perspective: Social media facilitates political change.
Note: Some pe... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Injected a short, plausible but fallacious reasoning chain that incorrectly concludes the opposite of the correct relation; the solver must detect the error in that trace rather than accept it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"... |
Statement: Claim: We must negotiate with terrorists. Perspective: Negotiations cannot take place while innocents are being threatened. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. | undermine | Statement: Claim: We must negotiate with terrorists. Perspective: Negotiations cannot take place while innocents are being threatened. (Flawed reasoning chain inserted — incorrect): 1) Negotiations cannot take place while innocents are being threatened. 2) Therefore, if innocents are threatened during a crisis, the onl... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning has been inserted that appears to draw the opposite conclusion from the perspective; the model must detect the error in that chain and ignore it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: We should be investing in public transport. Perspective: it is the only way to stop our lazy nation from driving. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose between the options below: (A) support (B) undermine | A | Problem: Statement: Claim: We should be investing in public transport. Perspective: it is the only way to stop our lazy nation from driving. Flawed reasoning trace (to be evaluated): 1) People drive because they are lazy. 2) Laziness is an immutable trait that infrastructure cannot change. 3) Therefore, even if we inve... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that reaches an incorrect conclusion; the solver must detect the error and ignore it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "moderate — mid... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Basic income tax should be abolished. Perspective: Balancing governmental problems for society. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Choose one:
(A) supports
(B) undermines
Solution: B | B | Problem: Statement: Claim: Basic income tax should be abolished. Perspective: Balancing governmental problems for society. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Choose one:
(A) supports
(B) undermines
Flawed reasoning trace (this contains an error that must be identified):
1. "Balancing g... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning was inserted that concludes the opposite of the correct answer; the model must detect the errors in that chain rather than accept it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_diffi... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: More gun control laws should be enacted. Perspective: More gun control laws are needed in protecting women from domestic abusers and stalkers. | support | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: More gun control laws should be enacted. Perspective: More gun control laws are needed in protecting women from domestic abusers and stalkers.
Note: Below is a common but flawed reasoning chain some commentators present; it is includ... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a plausible but flawed chain of reasoning that a model must evaluate and reject; the task remains to judge whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty... |
Statement: Claim: It is sometimes right for the government to restrict freedom of speech. Perspective: Freedoms are not earned or deserved they are given to all people equally and no one should determine which agendas are too extreme to receive this protection. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the ... | B | Statement: Claim: It is sometimes right for the government to restrict freedom of speech. Perspective: Freedoms are not earned or deserved they are given to all people equally and no one should determine which agendas are too extreme to receive this protection. Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect): 1) Because freedoms ar... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed multi-step reasoning chain is inserted that appears to derive an absolute prohibition on restrictions from the perspective's claim of equal entitlement.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_incr... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Compensation should be paid for those who have had their culture appropriated.
Perspective: Compensation rights a wrong.
Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view, it is supporting; otherwise it is... | A | Problem: Statement: Claim: Compensation should be paid for those who have had their culture appropriated.
Perspective: Compensation rights a wrong.
(Inserted common reasoning trace — examine for errors)
Flawed reasoning trace (common objection):
1) Compensation is only appropriate when someone has a clear, enforceable... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning (an objection) was inserted into the problem for the solver to inspect and identify as incorrect.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "moderate — the... |
Statement: Claim: Drones Should Be Used to Take Out Enemy Combatants. Perspective: Not enough legal oversight prevents the accountability resulting from secret drone strikes. Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? (A) Supports (B) Undermines | B | Statement: Claim: Drones Should Be Used to Take Out Enemy Combatants. Perspective: Not enough legal oversight prevents the accountability resulting from secret drone strikes.
Flawed reasoning trace (contains an error that must be spotted):
1. Secret drone strikes are highly effective at removing immediate threats whil... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausible but flawed chain of reasoning that appears to defend the use of secret drone strikes; the model must identify errors in that chain and not be swayed away from the correct judgement.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces... |
Statement: Claim: Homework is a waste of time.
Perspective: Too much homework can be harmful.
Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with exactly one of: support or undermine. | support | Statement: Claim: Homework is a waste of time.
Perspective: Too much homework can be harmful.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect):
1) Premise: The perspective says "too much homework can be harmful."
2) Misinterpretation: "Harmful" only applies to extreme or isolated cases, so it does not speak to the general usefulnes... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning that arrives at the opposite label; the model must detect the flaw rather than follow it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "moderate —... |
Problem: Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: The age of consent laws should be lowered.
Perspective: Lowering the age of consent will open the door to more criminal problems.
Choose the single best option:
(A) Supports the clai... | B | Problem: Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
Claim: The age of consent laws should be lowered.
Perspective: Lowering the age of consent will open the door to more criminal problems.
(Injected flawed reasoning trace — evaluate its corr... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but flawed reasoning chain is injected so the solver must recognize that the chain contains incorrect premises and conclusions, and should not be taken as evidence overturning the original perspective.",
"name": "Finding errors in reaso... |
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: School vouchers should be encouraged. Perspective: School vouchers improve education in general by making public schools compete with private schools for students in a free market. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with ... | support | Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Claim: School vouchers should be encouraged. Perspective: School vouchers improve education in general by making public schools compete with private schools for students in a free market. (Flawed reasoning trace — incorrect: One could argue that because vouchers let s... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning was injected into the problem; the solver must recognize this trace as flawed and not let it change the correct judgment.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty... |
Statement: Given the claim: The US and its allies were justified in taking military action against Iraq following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. And the perspective: The US' intentions were wrong. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Options: (A) supports (B) undermines | B | Statement: Given the claim: The US and its allies were justified in taking military action against Iraq following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. And the perspective: The US' intentions were wrong. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Options: (A) supports (B) undermines
Some observers presen... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "An explicit, plausibly persuasive but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted into the problem; the solver must identify the error in that trace rather than accept its (incorrect) conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"esti... |
Statement: Given the claim: "Wikileaks is not and has never been a non-profit organization." And the perspective: "Wikileaks is not accountable". Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Choose one option: (A) supports (B) undermines | A | Statement: Given the claim: "Wikileaks is not and has never been a non-profit organization." And the perspective: "Wikileaks is not accountable". Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Choose one option: (A) supports (B) undermines
Flawed reasoning trace (contains an error — identify the m... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Injected a short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning that asserts non-profits are typically less accountable and therefore claims the perspective undermines the original claim. The chain contains a clear error the solver must detect.",
"name": "Fi... |
Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Developing nations should place restrictions on rural-urban migration. Perspective: It is practically impossible to control people's movement. | undermine | Statement: You are given a claim and a perspective. Decide whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Developing nations should place restrictions on rural-urban migration. Perspective: It is practically impossible to control people's movement.
Flawed reasoning trace (this chain contains an error... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, flawed chain of reasoning is inserted that appears to support the claim but contains a false premise (that laws are always effectively enforced and complied with). The task requires identifying this flawed trace as incorrect and ignoring it when judgin... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Wire-tapped and ‘intercepted’ evidence must be allowed as admissible in court. Perspective: Intercepted evidence is a strong tool against widespread criminal networks. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Answer with either support or undermine. | support | Problem: Statement: Claim: Wire-tapped and ‘intercepted’ evidence must be allowed as admissible in court. Perspective: Intercepted evidence is a strong tool against widespread criminal networks.
Flawed reasoning trace (to evaluate): "Intercepted communications are often ambiguous and criminals frequently use coded la... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is inserted into the problem that contains logical errors and overgeneralizations which the model must detect as incorrect when evaluating whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.",
"name": "Finding errors i... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Voting should become compulsory.
Perspective: "What's the point of voting as politicians don't listen to the public anyways"
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option:
(A) Supports
(B) Undermines
(C) Both supports and undermines
(D) Neutral
(E) Irrelevan... | B | Problem: Statement: Claim: Voting should become compulsory.
Perspective: "What's the point of voting as politicians don't listen to the public anyways"
(Note: Some people offer a reasoning chain that looks persuasive but is flawed. For example: "Flawed reasoning trace: Politicians currently ignore public opinion, so m... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short flawed reasoning chain is inserted that appears to justify the opposite conclusion; the solver must recognize the error in that chain.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moderate — the fla... |
Statement: Given the claim 'Ban junk food from schools.' and the perspective 'Unhealthy foods lead to a higher risk of diabetes.', determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Use the rule: if the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view then it is supporting, otherwise i... | support | Statement: Given the claim 'Ban junk food from schools.' and the perspective 'Unhealthy foods lead to a higher risk of diabetes.', determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Use the rule: if the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view then it is supporting, otherwise i... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short flawed chain of reasoning that appears to criticize the perspective by pointing out correlation vs. causation and scope issues; the model must detect the error in that chain and not be misled into changing the verdict.",
"name": "Finding ... |
Statement: Claim: Social networking sites are good for our society.
Perspective: Social media has been found to be used for criminal activity.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose the best option.
(A) The perspective supports the claim
(B) The perspective undermines the claim
Solution: ... | B | Statement: Claim: Social networking sites are good for our society.
Perspective: Social media has been found to be used for criminal activity.
(Some readers include a short reasoning trace that is actually flawed.) For example, a flawed chain of thought might say: Because social media is used for criminal activity, la... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect reasoning trace is inserted into the problem; the model must recognize it as flawed and not let it change the correct label.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "Mod... |
Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Europe should be federal. Perspective: Member states will reap the benefits of a federal Europe. | support | Statement: Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Claim: Europe should be federal. Perspective: Member states will reap the benefits of a federal Europe.
Flawed reasoning trace (included as a possible misdirection): 1) Premise: Member states will reap the benefits of a federal Europe. 2) I... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A flawed chain of reasoning is injected that appears to challenge the claim but contains incorrect premises and a false generalization; the solver must identify that the trace is erroneous and not accept its conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reason... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Violent video games cause violent crime.
Perspective: Violent video games have been shown to have positive effect on kindness and cooperative behavior.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose the best option.
(A) Supports the claim
(B) Undermines the claim
(C) Bo... | B | Problem: Statement: Claim: Violent video games cause violent crime.
Perspective: Violent video games have been shown to have positive effect on kindness and cooperative behavior.
Note: Some readers might present a reasoning trace that appears to counter the perspective. For example, a flawed reasoning trace could run ... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A short, plausible but incorrect chain of reasoning was inserted that a model must identify as flawed in order to answer correctly.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moderate — likely to mislead ... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Global Warming is not an issue.
Perspective: There are other things that cause the global warming situation.
Question: Does the perspective support or undermine the claim? Choose one option:
(A) Perspective supports the claim
(B) Perspective undermines the claim
Solution: A | A | Problem: Statement: Claim: Global Warming is not an issue.
Perspective: There are other things that cause the global warming situation.
Flawed reasoning trace (incorrect):
1) The perspective explicitly says there is a "global warming situation."
2) Admitting a "situation" means admitting there is a problem that must ... | A | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a short, plausible but incorrect multi-step reasoning trace that incorrectly concludes the opposite of the correct judgment; the model must detect the error in that trace rather than accept it.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: The EU should significantly reduce the amount it spends on agricultural production subsidies. Perspective: The market needs stability. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Choose the best option: (A) supports (B) undermines | B | Problem: Statement: Claim: The EU should significantly reduce the amount it spends on agricultural production subsidies. Perspective: The market needs stability.
Note: Below is a short reasoning trace that appears to evaluate the perspective, but the trace contains an error you should identify when deciding the final ... | B | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A flawed chain of reasoning is inserted into the problem; the chain is plausible but contains an error the solver must detect and reject to reach the correct conclusion.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning traces"
}
],
"estimated_difficulty_inc... |
Statement: Claim: Voting should be compulsory in the UK. Perspective: There is precedent to compulsory voting working. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Use this rule: if the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view it is supporting; otherwise it is undermining... | support | Statement: Claim: Voting should be compulsory in the UK. Perspective: There is precedent to compulsory voting working. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. Use this rule: if the perspective could possibly convince someone with a different view it is supporting; otherwise it is undermining... | support | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "Inserted a flawed reasoning chain that contains overgeneralization and false inference; the solver must recognize it as incorrect and not let it change the judgment about whether the perspective supports the claim.",
"name": "Finding errors in reasoning t... |
Problem: Statement: Claim: Scotland should cede from the union. Perspective: Scotland's economy cannot survive if it doesn't have England to lean on. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim. | undermine | Problem: Statement: Claim: Scotland should cede from the union. Perspective: Scotland's economy cannot survive if it doesn't have England to lean on. Determine whether the perspective supports or undermines the claim.
(Note: Some commentators advance a short chain of reasoning that superficially seems to support cedin... | undermine | {
"distractor_types_used": [
{
"description": "A plausible but flawed chain of reasoning is inserted into the problem. The chain appears to support the claim, but it contains logical errors (overgeneralization and unwarranted causal inference) that the solver must recognize as incorrect.",
"name": "Fi... |
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