Tatsuhiko and Hideyoshi meet on opposite rooftops to exchange the drugs for 20 million yen but after Tatsuhiko throws the briefcase of drugs Hideyoshi does not throw the suitcase of money and instead begins to leave. Tatsuhiko leaps from one rooftop to the other to stop Hideyoshi. Hideyoshi once again tries a sneak attack with a knife but Tatsuhiko knocks it away and finishes him off with bare-knuckle fighting. Hideyoshi cries that he wishes he had been stronger and had friends in school but Tatsuhiko explains that those things didn't help him any, demanding that they become friends from that point forward. Tatsuhiko allows Hideyoshi to escape but gives the drug evidence to Yamashiro, who creates a new position of "lieutenant" (below "captain") for him.

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Escaping with the suitcase of money down a back stairway, Hideyoshi is attacked by a gang and shot dead. Tatsuhiko and Mako later visit the place of his death to lay roses. Hayama later asks Mako if he wants to take down Burst but Mako is not interested and accuses Hayama of shooting Hideyoshi, which Hayama denies. Ryoko holds a meeting between Mako and Chairman Amano where Mako says that there will be some upcoming disturbances but that everything will settle in the chairman's favor. The film ends with Tatsuhiko scouting girls at his normal location when he believes he sees Ageha walking down the street past him.

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Gō Ayano as Tatsuhiko Shiratori

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Takayuki Yamada as Hideyoshi Minami

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Erika Sawajiri as Ageha

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Yūsuke Iseya as Mako

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Jun Murakami as Tokimasa

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Kosuke Toyohara as Jin Yamashiro

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Motoki Fukami as Gensuke Seki

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Nobuaki Kaneko as Yutaka Hayama

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Yūki Kubota as Yosuke

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Kōtarō Yoshida as Amano

Shinjuku Swan (film)


The film earned ¥252.3 million on its opening weekend at the Japanese box office and a total of ¥940 million.

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Sion Sono directed a sequel to the film, Shinjuku Swan II, which was released in Japan on January 21, 2017.

Shinjuku Swan (film)


Shinjuku Swan at IMDb

Shinjuku Swan (film)


The wilaya of Djanet (Arabic: ولاية جانت) is an Algerian province created in 2019, previously, a delegated wilaya created in 2015. It is located in the Algerian Sahara.

Djanet Province


The wilaya of Djanet is in the Algerian Sahara; its area is 131,220 km²   .

Djanet Province


to the north by the Illizi Province;

Djanet Province


to the east by Libya;

Djanet Province


to the west by the Tamanrasset Province;

Djanet Province


and to the south by the Tamanrasset Province and Niger.

Djanet Province


The wilaya of Djanet was created on November 26, 2019 .

Djanet Province


Previously, it was a delegated wilaya, created according to the law n° 15–140 of May 27, 2015, creating administrative districts in certain wilayas and fixing the specific rules related to them, as well as the list of municipalities that are attached to it. Before 2019, it was attached to the Illizi Province.

Djanet Province


Organization of the wilaya

Djanet Province


During the administrative breakdown of 2015, the delegated wilaya of Djanet is made up of 1 district and 2 communes.

Djanet Province


Boston is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 7,948 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Boston, Massachusetts.

Boston, New York


Boston is an interior town of the county and one of the county's "Southtowns".  Boston is southeast of Buffalo.

Boston, New York


The Iroquois, under various names, lived here until the European immigrants became predominant.

Boston, New York


In 1804, brothers Charles and Oliver Johnson and their families became the area's first settlers. The first Christian church was the Free Will Baptist Church, founded circa 1811. On April 5, 1817, the town of Boston was formed from a portion of the town of Eden. The first post office opened in 1832 on the north side of town.

Boston, New York


In 1843, the town suffered an epidemic (28 of the 43 residents were affected, 10 of whom died) believed to be typhoid fever, possibly from a local well.

Boston, New York


This town has much history that can be found on the headstones in the Maplewood Cemetery across from the Boston Town Hall. There are many old gravestones that show some of the first settlers in the town and the infamous "Love" murder.

Boston, New York


John Love, a seaman on the Great Lakes, came to Boston in October 1824 with the prospect of buying grain futures from local farmers. He rented a room from lumberman Nelson Thayer. The Thayer family, which included Nelson and his brothers Isaac and Israel, were infamous for their profanity and crude behavior. Despite owning large tracts of farmland in Boston, they found themselves indebted to neighbors, and eventually to Love, due to their spendthrift habits. Facing financial ruin, the Thayers decided that murder was the only option.

Boston, New York


On December 15, John Love was talking with Nelson Thayer when Isaac came up to the window from outside and shot Love in the head with a rifle. When this failed to kill him, Nelson struck him several times with a meat axe. He and Israel then dragged Love's body to a ravine behind Israel's house and hastily covered it with dirt.

Boston, New York


Neighbors grew suspicious after Love hadn't been seen in several weeks, and the Thayers, now having far more money to spend than usual, rode around on Love's horse attempting to collect debts owed to him by others. When questioned, they would say that Love had gone to Canada and had given the Thayers power of attorney to collect debt payments. Foul play was eventually suspected, and a $10 reward was offered to whoever found Love's body. On February 23, 1825, Love's body was discovered in the ravine behind the Thayer cabin, in a grave so shallow that his feet were sticking out. The three brothers were arrested, as was their father Israel Sr., and taken to jail in Buffalo.

Boston, New York


At trial, the Thayers were linked to the crime based on strong circumstantial evidence; neighbors testified to hearing a gunshot on December 15 and never seeing Love again after that date. The Thayer brothers were all found guilty of John Love's murder and sentenced to death. The charges against their father had been dropped. On June 17, 1825, all three were hanged from the same gallows in Niagara Square, the only public hanging ever to take place in Erie County. It is said that a crowd of about 20,000 people witnessed the event, far greater than the population of Buffalo at that time.

Boston, New York


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.8 km2).

Boston, New York


Geologically speaking, Boston is one of the more interesting places in the Greater Niagara region, for many glacial activities, over many years, caused sufficient pressure indentation to alter dramatically the landscape and even the water table.

Boston, New York


U.S. Route 219 crosses the town. New York State Route 277 (Boston State Road/Herman Hill Road) intersects New York State Route 391 (Boston State Road) in the northwestern part of the town at North Boston.

Boston, New York


As of the census of 2000, there were 7,897 people, 2,997 households, and 2,244 families residing in the town.  The population density was 220.4 inhabitants per square mile (85.1/km2).  There were 3,122 housing units at an average density of 87.1 per square mile (33.6/km2).  The racial makeup of the town was 98.91% white, 0.14% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population.

Boston, New York


There were 2,997 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.1% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.06.

Boston, New York


In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.8 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

Boston, New York


The median income for a household in the town was $48,315, and the median income for a family was $57,714. Males had a median income of $42,101 versus $27,798 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,303.  About 3.6% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Boston, New York


Communities and locations in Boston

Boston, New York


Boston – A hamlet in the southern part of the town on Boston State Road, NY-391. The community was once called "Boston Corners" and "Torrey Corners".

Boston, New York


Boston Forest County Park – An undeveloped conservation area in the southwestern corner of the town, consisting of 700 acres (2.8 km2) of woodland and meadows.

Boston, New York


Creekside – A location by the northern town line, north of North Boston.

Boston, New York


East Boston Hill – A location near the eastern town line.

Boston, New York


Eighteen Mile Creek – A stream that flows northward through the town.

Boston, New York


North Boston – A hamlet and CDP in the northwestern part of the town.

Boston, New York


Patchin – A hamlet located near the town's center on the Boston State Road. The community was once known as "Boston Center". It was named after early resident Talcott Patchin, a tanner and postmaster.

Boston, New York


Ski Tamarack – A former skiing location in the northeastern corner of the town.

Boston, New York


Charles Miller, commander of the organization now known as the 28th Infantry Division and founder of the Galena-Signal Oil Company, which became part of the Standard Oil combine, and then part of the corporation now known as Texaco.

Boston, New York


Joseph C. Sibley, U.S. representative from Pennsylvania

Boston, New York


A. Chapin Whiting, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly

Boston, New York


Ellen Beach Yaw, coloratura soprano known for her exceptional vocal range.

Boston, New York


Town of Boston official website

Boston, New York


American State Trials: The Three Thayers: A transcript of the 1825 trial

Boston, New York


Soul & Sword (ソウル アンド ソード) is a 1993 Japanese-only video game on Super Famicom developed by Pandora Box. It is a prequel to Traverse: Starlight & Prairie.

Soul & Sword


Being a non-linear role-playing game, the quests can be done in any order although some of them have prerequisites. Most are completely optional, but change the ending. The quests can be abandoned and returned at will.

Soul & Sword


The game features a time system and the characters are actually aging, though their statistics stay the same. This system is also used for money loans, as you will receive penalties when you don't pay back before the end of the year.

Soul & Sword


Soul & Sword received reviews of 8/10, 6/10, 7/10 and 7/10 in Famitsu.  Famitsu reviewers praised the non-linear structure of the game but found the combat system to be conventional.

Soul & Sword


Seniha Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: سنیحه سلطان; 5 December 1851 – 15 September 1931) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Abdulmejid I and Nalandil Hanım. She was the half-sister of Sultans Murad V, Abdul Hamid II, Mehmed V, and Mehmed VI.

Seniha Sultan


Seniha Sultan was born on 5 December 1851 in the Çırağan Palace. Her father was Sultan Abdulmejid I and her mother was Nalandil Hanım. She was the eldest child of her mother. She had a brother Şehzade Mehmed Abdüssamed, one year younger than her  and a sister Şehime Sultan, three years younger than her. Both her siblings died in infancy. Her father died when Seniha was ten and her mother died when she was fourteen.

Seniha Sultan


In 1876, her half-brother Sultan Abdul Hamid II betrothed her to Asaf Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha, who was two years her junior, had a promising future, and the son of Grand Admiral Damat Gürcü Halil Rifat Pasha. Her dowry was prepared with her half-sisters Behice Sultan, Mediha Sultan and Naile Sultan. The marriage contract was concluded on 5 December 1876 at the Yıldız Palace. However, the wedding was delayed because of the death of her elder sister Behice Sultan, sick with tuberculosis since childhood and to which Seniha had been very close, constantly writing her affectionate letters. The wedding finally took place on 10 February 1877. In 1879, she gave birth to her first son Sultanzade Sabahaddin Bey, and a year later to her second son Sultanzade Ahmed Lütfullâh Bey.

Seniha Sultan


Among Seniha's ladies-in-waiting was Resan Hanım, who would later become one of the consorts of her half-brother Murad V. Her other two ladies, Dilaviz Hanim and Zeliha Vasfıcihan Hanım, married Murad's son Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin.

Seniha Sultan


Seniha hadn't been on good terms with Abdul Hamid for unknown reasons, and so in 1878, she and her husband, and her siblings including her brothers Prince Ahmed Kemaleddin, and Prince Selim Suleiman, and sister Princess Fatma, were all involved in the Ali Suavi incident with the objective of restoring Murad to the throne. In October 1898, she met with the German Empress Augusta Victoria in the harem of the Yıldız Palace, when the latter visited Istanbul for a second time with her husband Emperor Wilhelm  In her memoir, Ayşe Sultan, daughter of Abdülhamid II, remembered: "Familiar as he was with his sisters' [Seniha Sultan and Mediha Sultan] habit of chattering away rapidly and guffawing, Abdülhamid II had counseled and beseeched them to behave in a dignified fashion, but nonetheless the sisters fell back on their old habits. Baba [the Sultan Abdülhamid II] felt compelled to tell the Empress, 'Please forgive my sisters, they're a bit nervous.'".

Seniha Sultan


Seniha Sultan's husband was very critical of her brother Abdul Hamid's governance, never missing an occasion to speak out. Eventually he had had enough of being followed and spied on, so in 1899, he took both of his sons fled to Europe, where four years later he died in Belgium and was buried in Paris. Her sons were able to return to Istanbul only in 1908, after the declaration of the second constitution. For this reason she was not particularly welcome at the palace.

Seniha Sultan


At the exile of the imperial family in March 1924, Seniha was the oldest living Ottoman princess, age seventy-three. She had no money of her own, and her sons were too busy with their affairs to care of her, so she went to exile alone. Her half-brother, the deposed Sultan Mehmed, who went to live in San Remo gave her refuge in his home, the Villa Magnolia, where she lived until his death in 1926. After Mehmed's death, she didn't have enough money on her own to rent a house, and so slept in the public gardens of Cimiez, Nice. Somehow her younger son Lütfullah figured out about his mothers way of living, he came to Nice, and took his mother to Abdulmejid II's Villa, who gave her a room in the attic. Where she lived in a miserable way.

Seniha Sultan


Seniha Sultan died at the Villa Carabacel on 15 September 1931 at age seventy-nine in Nice, France the last surviving child of Abdulmejid, and was buried in the cemetery of the Sulaymaniyya Takiyya in Damascus.

Seniha Sultan


Her burial was very difficult. In Nice at the time there were no Muslim cemeteries, so she must be buried in a Muslim country, but that was an expensive undertaking and her family had no money, not even to pay the rent of a place in the morgue for a long time, where her body, embalmed at the cheapest rate, had been placed in waiting for a solution.

Seniha Sultan


However, her family, especially Abdülmecid II, absolutely did not want to bury her in a mass grave. So he instructed his son, Ömer Faruk Efendi, and Şehzade Osman Fuad Efendi, a descendant of Murad V, to request the money for the burial from Jefferson Cohn & Ranz, the company that had been officially appointed to reclaim the properties of the Ottoman family on their behalf. The negotiation was long and difficult, but when the princes threatened to dissolve the contract they managed to get the money.

Seniha Sultan


The body of Seniha Sultan followed the same route as that of her brother Sultan Mehmed VI Vahideddin: to Beirut by boat, then from there to Syria, where she was buried.

Seniha Sultan


Seniha was described as a strong and free woman who was political minded, and in many ways a woman ahead of her time. She was judged to be beautiful and regal in appearance, but she was not particularly welcome at court because of her cheeky and undignified attitudes. She wore her hair short and refused to let it grow and had a deep voice. She always spoke quickly and directly.

Seniha Sultan


She used to wear dresses of the most superb cloth, with her tiara on her head on formal occasions, and she also wore gowns with long trains in the European fashion spreading out behind her. In manner, she was entirely unconstrained. Often, as did her half-sister Mediha Sultan, she would burst into laughter, and she spoke rapidly and in a deep voice. When these two sisters were together chatting with their brother Abdul Hamid, they would both laugh and try to amuse him and get him to smile as though they were in competition with one another.

Seniha Sultan


Seniha Sultan is known to have had performers of religious music at her palace.

Seniha Sultan


According to Neslişah Sultan and Sabiha Sultan, during the exile she always dressed in black, she was thin, in fact really skinny, and had a dry skin, her niece Sabiha Sultan was really upset and sad that her aunt lives in a miserable way, whenever she visited her she kissed her hand and showed her huge respect.

Seniha Sultan


Order of the House of Osman

Seniha Sultan


Order of the Medjidie, Jeweled

Seniha Sultan


Order of Charity,  1st Class

Seniha Sultan


Liakat Medal in Gold

Seniha Sultan


In the 2017 TV series Payitaht: Abdülhamid, Seniha Sultan is portrayed by Turkish actress Selen Öztürk.

Seniha Sultan


List of Ottoman princesses

Seniha Sultan


Bardakçı, Murat (2017). Neslishah: The Last Ottoman Princess. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-9-774-16837-6.

Seniha Sultan


Brookes, Douglas Scott (2010). The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78335-5.

Seniha Sultan


Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.

Seniha Sultan


Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay (2011). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ankara, Ötüken.

Seniha Sultan


The Clovis station, also known as the Clovis Depot, was built in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Clovis station


The station was built by B. Lantry & Sons in Spanish Revival style, and is one of only three buildings of this style built by the Santa Fe Railway.

Clovis station


Notably it served long distance Chicago to California trains that took the route through Wichita, Kansas; northwest Oklahoma and Amarillo in northern Texas. This was in contrast to the more northerly route which went through Dodge City, Kansas and Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Clovis station


California Limited (Chicago – Los Angeles) (to 1954)

Clovis station


California Special (Clovis – Temple, Texas) (to 1967)

Clovis station


Grand Canyon Limited (Chicago – Los Angeles) (to 1968)

Clovis station


San Francisco Chief (Chicago – San Francisco) (1954–1971)

Clovis station


Scout (Chicago – Los Angeles, with secondary section to Oakland) (to 1954)

Clovis station


Media related to Clovis Depot at Wikimedia Commons

Clovis station


Stacy-Marie Ishmael is a journalist and editor from Trinidad and Tobago. She is currently the managing editor for crypto at Bloomberg News and the chair of the Foundation Board of the Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism.

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


She was born and raised in San Fernando, Trinidad, where she went to Naparima Girls' High School, graduating in 2002 and then moving to Europe. She attended University of Franche-Comté and the London School of Economics, going on to become in 2006 a graduate trainee at the Financial Times (FT). There, Ishmael started Alphaville, one of the FT's first blogs. Business Insider described her work as "ridiculously knowledgeable" as well as "great on camera" in appearances for CNBC. Ishmael has also drawn praise for "astute" commentary on hiring and organizational diversity.

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


After five years at the FT, Ishmael departed for technology company Percolate, but returned in 2013 to the FT, where she became vice-president for communities, working with the FT Live series that produces 200 events a year.

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


Ishmael moved to BuzzFeed in 2014 as managing editor of mobile news as the company developed a news app, which launched in June 2015. She has also been a regular guest on BuzzFeed's popular podcast Another Round, hosting a segment called "Stacy's Career Corner". The Frisky praised Ishmael's advice for negotiations as "absolutely required listening for anyone who’s ever been afraid of walking into a room and asking for what they want" and said her recurring segment "is competent, clear-headed and extremely useful. It’s the kind of advice you wish you had when faced with a work challenge; it’s the advice you want when navigating the trenches of a workplace peppered with microaggressions and untoward overtures...It’s the kind of advice I wish I’d had when I was a young person figuring out how to navigate a world that they don’t prepare you for in college."

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


In 2016–17 Ishmael was a John S. Knight Journalism Fellow at Stanford.

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


From 2017 to 2019, Ishmael worked as senior editor at Apple.

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


In February 2020, the nonprofit Texas Tribune named Ishmael as editorial director, calling her "a superlative journalist and inspiring leader, role model and public citizen." She led the newsroom through the peak of the coronavirus pandemic and a severe winter storm that caused massive power outages.

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


Ishmael then co-hosted the Slate Money podcast from May 2021 to the beginning of 2022.

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


Bloomberg News announced in September 2021 that it was hiring Ishmael to be its managing editor for cryptocurrencies.

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


Stacy-Marie Ishmael on Twitter

Stacy-Marie Ishmael


Pedro Pietri (March 21, 1944 – March 3, 2004) was a Puerto Rican poet and playwright and one of the co-founders of the Nuyorican Movement. He was considered by some as the poet laureate of the Nuyorican Movement.

Pedro Pietri


Pietri was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, however his family moved to New York City in 1947, when he was only three years old.  They settled in the west side (Manhattanville) section of Manhattan where he and his siblings received their primary and secondary education. Pedro was greatly influenced by his aunt, who often recited poetry and on occasions put on theatrical plays in the First Spanish Methodist church in El Barrio.  Pietri himself started to write poems as a student at Haaren High School.

Pedro Pietri


After graduating from high school, Pietri worked in a variety of jobs until he was drafted into the Army and sent to fight in the Vietnam War.  The experiences that he faced in the Army and Vietnam, plus the discrimination that he witnessed while growing up in New York, were to become the main factors that would forge his personality and style of poetry.

Pedro Pietri


"Puerto Rican Obituary"

Pedro Pietri


Upon his discharge from the Army, Pietri affiliated himself with a Puerto Rican Civil Rights activist group called the Young Lords.  In 1969, he read for the first time his poem, "Puerto Rican Obituary". The New York Times obituary of Pedro Pietri noted that the poem "sketched the lives of five Puerto Ricans who came to the United States with dreams that remained unfulfilled. By turns angry, heartbreaking and hopeful, it was embraced by young Puerto Ricans, who were imbued with a sense of pride and nationalism."

Pedro Pietri


Fellow Puerto Rican poet of the Nuyorican Movement Giannina Braschi, who performed with Pedro Pietri, pays homage to "Puerto Rican Obituary" and his sites his own obituary in her novel "United States of Banana."  "Puerto Rican Obituary" is an epic poem published in 1973 by Monthly Review Press and widely considered Pietri's greatest work.

Pedro Pietri


Nuyorican Poets Café

Pedro Pietri


Pietri helped found the Nuyorican Movement together with Miguel Algarin, Miguel Piñero and Lucky Cienfuegos also founders of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe.  The Café is an institution where many New York Puerto Rican and Latino artists perform.  Pietri wrote the play El Puerto Rican Embassy.  The theme was that an island, which was neither an independent nation nor a state of the United States, should have an embassy.  The idea for the play came from Pietri's nationalistic views.  During the performance, he would sing "The Spanglish National Anthem" and hand out simulated "Puerto Rican passports" prepared in collaboration with Adál Maldonado.

Pedro Pietri


Among his other works are: Invisible Poetry (1979), Traffic (1980), Plays (1982), Traffic Violations (1983), and The Masses are Asses (1988). His writings have been published and included in the following anthologies:  Inventing a Word: An Anthology of Twentieth Century Puerto Rican Poetry (ed. Julio Marzan, 1980), Illusions of a Revolving Door (1984), The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry (ed. Alan Kaufman, S.A. Griffin, 1999), The Prentice Hall Anthology of Latino Literature (ed. Eduardo del Rio, 2002) and many others. In August 2015, City Lights released Pedro Pietri: Selected Poetry, which gathers the most enduring and treasured work from his books—Puerto Rican Obituary, Traffic Violations, and Out of Order—and contains a generous selection of his previously unpublished writings.

Pedro Pietri


Pietri not only wrote poetry but also recorded it. In 1979, Pietri came out with an LP entitled Loose Joints and later One Is a Crowd which were produced by Folkways Records., also recorded ! Aqui se Habla Español ! Pedro Peitri en casa Puerto Rico on discos Coqui LP 1203

Pedro Pietri


It was during this time that Pietri was part of the Cultural Council Foundation CETA Artists Project in New York City, which ran from 1978 to 1980. He worked with other poets and literary artists like Bob Holman, Nathan Whiting and N.H. Pritchard.

Pedro Pietri


Pietri was a free spirit whose performances were nontraditional. In his irreverence toward religion, he called himself Reverend, dressed in black and walked around with a large collapsible cross. In reaction to the romanticism of the community by groups like the Young Lords and others on the left, he wrote that "The Masses are Asses." In the first published collection of Nuyorican poetry (Nuyorican Poetry: An Anthology of Puerto Rican Words and Feelings edited by Miguel Algarín and Miguel Piñero in 1975), his contribution was a poem consisting entirely of punctuation marks. He would throw condoms at audiences during some of his performances. He was a nonconformist, constantly reminding the Movement of the importance of tolerance, intellectual freedom and not losing its humanity. His was a unique voice, both in substance and style, to which failed attempts by all to imitate his reading of his "Puerto Rican Obituary" out loud readily attest.

Pedro Pietri


The Pedro Pietri Papers, held at the Centro, Center for Puerto Rican Studies, City University of New York, "chronicle the extraordinarily creative, productive, and at times, anarchic life of one of the most original and innovative contemporary writers of the Puerto Rican community. They lend insight into the vast scope of Pietri’s literary interests and endeavors, his collaborative relationships with other writers and his editorial process."

Pedro Pietri


Pietri was diagnosed with stomach cancer in 2003. He went to Mexico to receive an alternative treatment for a year. On March 3, 2004, Pietri died en route from Mexico to New York. Funeral services were held in East Harlem at the historic First Spanish Methodist Church, which was taken over in 1969 by the Young Lords and renamed at the time as "The First People's Church" to provide free breakfast and other programs to the poor and working people of El Barrio. This is where, fittingly, Pietri first read in public his classic poem, "Puerto Rican Obituary", in support of the Lords' takeover of the church.

Pedro Pietri


Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico

Pedro Pietri


List of Puerto Rican writers

Pedro Pietri


Puerto Rican literature

Pedro Pietri


Miguel Piñero, co-founder of Nuyorican Poets Cafe and of its literary movement

Pedro Pietri


Giannina Braschi, leading lady of Nuyorican culture and author of Spanglish novel Yo-Yo Boing!

Pedro Pietri


Miguel Algarín, founder of Nuyorican Poets Cafe and co-founder of its literary movement

Pedro Pietri


Braschi's Empire of Dreams

Pedro Pietri


Dalleo, Raphael, and Elena Machado Sáez. "Periodizing Latino/a Literature Through Pedro Pietri's Nuyorican Cityscapes." The Latino/a Canon and the Emergence of Post-Sixties Literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 17–44. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193238/http://www.post-sixties.com/.

Pedro Pietri


González, Ray. Ed. Currents from the dancing river: contemporary Latino fiction, nonfiction, and poetry. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994.

Pedro Pietri


Hathaway, Heather, Josef Jarab, and Jeffrey Melnick. Eds. Race and the modern artist. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Pedro Pietri


Hernandez, Carmen Dolores. Puerto Rican voices in English: interviews with writers. Westport: Praeger, 1997.

Pedro Pietri


Marzán, Julio. Ed. Inventing a word: an anthology of twentieth-century Puerto Rican poetry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.

Pedro Pietri


Reyes, Israel. Humor and the eccentric text in Puerto Rican literature. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.

Pedro Pietri


Democracy Now! Tribute

Pedro Pietri


Tribute by Frances R. Aparicio

Pedro Pietri


Read Puerto Rican Obituary

Pedro Pietri


Pedro Pietri at IMDb

Pedro Pietri


Read "El Spanglish National Anthem"

Pedro Pietri


[1] View Current TV's program on Nuyorican culture. (https://web.archive.org/web/20090219001002/http://current.com/items/88836867/nuyorican_power.htm)

Pedro Pietri


Puerto Rican Obituary.Spanish.Translation by Raúl Racedo

Pedro Pietri


Pinseque is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2014 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 3,625 inhabitants, with a population density of 224.88 people per km² (582.4 per square mile).

Pinseque


The town is located 20 km (12.42 mi) from Zaragoza, the capital city of Aragon.

Pinseque


Pinseque is 230 m (750 ft) above the sea level.

Pinseque


The municipality's average temperature is 14 °C (57.2 °F).

Pinseque


There are only 11 councilors in the Pinseque's town hall.

Pinseque


The town name of Pinseque comes from pin (pine) and sec (dry), probably because there were a pine forest here before its population. In Aragonese language, it is called Puysec - from puig (hill) and sec (dry). As the word dry is included in both Aragonese and Spanish language names, maybe the current town's area was considered very dry for crops or plant growing. When the Visigoths came to Spain, the village was called Pinsech.

Pinseque


List of municipalities in Zaragoza

Pinseque


Veracruz Reef System National Park (Spanish: Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Marine Park) is a national marine park and protected area located in Veracruz, Mexico. The park was established in 1994 and covers a total area of approximately 65,516.47 hectares (161,894.7 acres), divided into two polygons: the Veracruz Polygon, which comprises seven reefs and two islands, and the Antón Lizardo Polygon, with 12 reefs and four islands.

Veracruz Reef System National Park


The reef system is divided into four reef groups:

Veracruz Reef System National Park


Outer reefs: continued development on windward and leeward slopes.

Veracruz Reef System National Park


Intermediate reefs: have a long, very gentle leeward slope.

Veracruz Reef System National Park


Inner reefs: have a large amount of sediment accumulated on the leeward slope.

Veracruz Reef System National Park


Fringing reefs: they develop on the coast, presenting a development that does not exceed 12 m depth on the windward side.

Veracruz Reef System National Park


The ecological importance of the Reef Park is such that the system is also designated as one of Mexico's Ramsar Sites - Wetland Sites of International Importance, with four of the eight biodiversity criteria established by the Ramsar Convention. Among the established criteria, number one considers the wetland as a rare or unique example, because the reef system has been subjected to great anthropogenic pressure during the last 500 years. Despite the damage done to the reef, there are studies that indicate that it has a higher recovery rate compared to other reefs in the Gulf of Mexico.

Veracruz Reef System National Park


Currently, the deterioration of the environmental condition has increased due to drainage discharges from the metropolitan area, as well as hydrocarbon spills due to the movement of vessels in the port area. (Ramsar Wetlands Information Sheet, 2004- CONANP).

Veracruz Reef System National Park


The Lancia 2000 (Tipo 820) is a series of automobiles produced by Italian automaker Lancia between 1971 and 1975. It was the last vehicle independently designed by Lancia engineers before the marque's acquisition by Fiat in 1969. The 2000 was a direct evolution of the Flavia, which it replaced.

Lancia 2000


The 2000 saloon kept the central part of the body (roof, doors, interior) and the entire drivetrain (except for some improvements to the fuel injection) of its predecessor, the second series of the Flavia.

Lancia 2000


The most significant changes were made to the front and rear of the body, where the designers modernised the styling of its predecessor. In particular, the tail was squared and simplified, and the nose lost its separate air intake and headlamp nacelles. The mechanics retained most of the Flavia's specifications including the front-wheel drive, boxer engine, independent suspension, and disc brakes all around, with vacuum assist and split-circuits (called "Super duplex" by Lancia).

Lancia 2000


The 2000 used the 1991 cc 4-cylinder boxer engine, available in either carburetted form 115 hp (85 kW) or with fuel-injection 125 hp (92 kW). The latter abandoned the previously used Kugelfischer mechanical system in favor of a more reliable Bosch D-type electronic system. Bosch-equipped cars are distinguished by an "i.e." badge on the grille, signifying 'iniezione elettronica' ("electronic injection"). The transmission (produced by ZF) was a 4-speed manual for the 2000 equipped with a carburetor, and a manual 5-speed for the fuel-injected 2000. Since the 2000 was given a flagship role for Lancia (following in the footsteps of the Flaminia), the 2000 was given a high standard of finishes (fine wood for the dashboard and velvet or leather upholstery) and standard or optional equipment including hydraulically operated power steering (also manufactured by ZF), air conditioning, electric windows and sun blinds.

Lancia 2000


Because of the 2000s high production costs, Fiat was not in favor of putting the model into production, despite it being ready for production in 1969, which delayed its launch. But in the absence of any other new Lancia flagship models being ready, the 2000 was nonetheless launched in 1971. The 2000 was considered by many fans of the marque to be "the last real Lancia" due to the high build quality that the later models (Beta and Gamma) lacked. It was produced until 1974 with a total of 14,319 examples being made.

Lancia 2000


The 2000 and 2000 HF Coupé

Lancia 2000


The Lancia 2000 and 2000 HF Coupé were an evolution of the Series II Flavia Coupé. The car's bodyshell was designed and made by Pininfarina. The interior was also designed by Pininfarina and bears a striking resemblance to that of the Ferrari 330 GT. The cosmetic changes to the 2000 Coupé were largely confined to a new grille (matte black instead of chrome) with headlamps incorporated into the now wider intake, new bumpers (with rubber strips on the HF), and the tail was shorn of its vestigial tailfins, with a raised and squared decklid.

Lancia 2000


The interior did not undergo significant changes, being merely a refinement of the previous design. The powerplant was adopted from the 2000 sedan and available in two states of tune: carburetted on the 2000 Coupé or with Bosch electronic fuel injection and engine management on the 2000 HF. The HF was recognizable by the body-side rub-strip, a wooden Nardi steering wheel, and magnesium alloy wheels by Cromodora. Both versions had a 5-speed manual transmission with a dog-leg arrangement.

Lancia 2000


The Lancia 2000 and 2000 HF Coupés were technologically advanced for the day with features such as a 5-speed transmission, power assisted steering and electronic fuel injection on the 2000 HF. They are very well appointed with polished stainless steel trim work, as opposed to chromed mild steel.

Lancia 2000


The cars do not suffer the corrosion problems associated with later generation Lancia automobiles and are generally regarded as being more resistant than contemporaries from other Italian manufacturers.

Lancia 2000


The Bosch electronics that were developed specifically for the 2000s boxer engine raised its maximum power to 125 hp (92 kW), the same as contemporary BMW and Alfa Romeo cars. This improvement, however, was never publicized by Lancia because the marketing department believed that their targeted customers would less favorably respond to a campaign that emphasized power and performance rather than quality, technical sophistication and riding comfort.

Lancia 2000


Engine specifications

Lancia 2000


Lancisti.net - An Information Exchange and Support Community for Lancia Owners and Enthusiasts

Lancia 2000


Lancia Motor Club (UK) Archived 2011-09-30 at the Wayback Machine

Lancia 2000


Gary Stevens (4 January 1944 – 29 January 2025) was an Australian rugby league footballer, a hard tackling second-row forward, of the 1960s and 1970s for the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the Australian national representative side. He is the grandson of Souths club great Arthur Oxford.

Gary Stevens (rugby league)


Stevens played 163 games with South Sydney between 1965 and 1976, scoring 12 tries. He played in the 1970 and 1971 victorious Rabbitohs Grand Final teams. A Souths junior, he was promoted to grade in 1964. He eventually captained Souths in 1976.

Gary Stevens (rugby league)


At the end of the 1976 season Stevens joined Canterbury-Bankstown with whom he played 26 games in 1977 and 1978.

Gary Stevens (rugby league)


Representative career

Gary Stevens (rugby league)


Stevens represented Australia in five Test matches (1972–1975) and appeared six times for New South Wales (1972–1975). Stevens went on to play in the 1972 Australian World Cup campaign before touring Great Britain with the victorious 1973 Australian Kangaroos. He played against France in 1973 before representing Australia in two tests against the touring Great Britain side in 1974. The following year he was also selected in Australia's World Cup squad.

Gary Stevens (rugby league)


Stevens died on 29 January 2025, at the age of 81.

Gary Stevens (rugby league)


Canterbury Bulldogs profile Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine

Gary Stevens (rugby league)


The Encyclopaedia of Rugby League Players – South Sydney Rabbitohs, Alan Whiticker & Glen Hudson, Bas Publishing, 2005.

Gary Stevens (rugby league)


Elizabeth Winnifred Wood  (October 8, 1903 – January 27, 1966), known as Elizabeth Wyn Wood, was a Canadian sculptor and advocate of art education. A notable figure in Canadian sculpture, she is primarily known for her modernist interpretation of the Canadian landscape in her works.

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Early life and education

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Elizabeth Wyn Wood was born at her family's cottage on Cedar Island, just offshore from Orillia, Ontario, on October 8, 1903. She was the fourth child of Edward Alfred Wood (1860–1915) and Sarah Elizabeth Weafer (1864–1952). Wood had an older brother named Edward, two older sisters, Fern, and Elmo, and a younger brother named John.

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Edward Wood Sr. was the proprietor of a dry-goods and women's clothing store in Orillia, Ontario. The same year that Elizabeth was born, the Woods moved into their home at 136 West Street in Orillia. The family also had two summer homes on Lake Couchiching. During the summer months, the family spent the majority of their time on the lake, and Wood learned how to swim and canoe at an early age.

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Wood demonstrated an affinity for sculpture at a young age, using plasticine and clay to create art as a child. From 1910–1917, starting at the age of seven, Wood attended St. Mildred's College in Toronto, Ontario. She returned to Orillia every summer to spend time with her family in the wilderness surrounding their summer homes. Wood attended Ontario College of Art (OCA), graduating in 1926. While at OCA, Wood studied with Group of Seven artists Arthur Lismer and J.E.H. MacDonald. She studied sculpture under Emanuel Hahn (whom she married in 1926). In November 1926, Wood began a two-month placement at the Art Students League of New York, studying with Robert Laurent and Edward McCarton. While in New York, she spent time studying Ancient Egyptian art and sculpture. By 1930, Wood was described as "perhaps the most advanced and adventurous sculptor working in Canada" by art critic Blodwen Davies. Wood was a founding member of the Sculptors' Society of Canada.

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Notable works and affiliations

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


"Sculptural form is not the imitation of natural form any more than poetry is the imitation of natural conversation . . . While a piece of sculpture may contain visual forms with which we are acquainted by daily experience, it is essentially a design worked out by means of the juxtaposition of masses in space, just as poetry is a design wrought by the sounds of words in time." (Elizabeth Wyn Wood, 1935)

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Passing Rain is a relief sculpture, designed by Elizabeth Wyn Wood. The relief was originally made from plaster, then later commissioned to be made in marble when she was 26 years old. Passing Rain is an early example of Wood's modernist style and landscape work. The relief gained praise very quickly and would win her the Lord Willingdon Award in 1929. Passing Rain is owned and displayed at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, Ontario.

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


The Welland-Crowland War Memorial (1939)

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


The Welland-Crowland War Memorial designed by Elizabeth Wyn Wood, features two heroic figures, Man the Defender and Woman the Giver, set against the Canadian landscape. Wood was chosen as the sculptor by winning a national competition for the project. Planned as part of a regional beautification plan for the lands along the Welland Canal, the memorial was intended to be visible and intelligible to passengers on passing boats. The memorial was the final large World War I memorial unveiled in Canada, built with over $36,000 of donations collected from the citizens from the city of Welland and Crowland during the peak of the depression. Sculpted from LaCass Granite located in Quebec, the piece was cut to size by the Thomson Monument Company based on Wood's full-size clay model. Canadian artist and sculptor, Louis Temporale, completed the fine surface carving of the monument.

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


The Welland-Crowland War Memorial depicts two heroic figures, a soldier and a woman. The monument represts the sacrifice and the service of those who fought and those who supported the war from home. It uses similar design elements, such as a single soldier based on common designs of vintage monuments. Unlike vintage sculptures, Wyn Wood includes elements of red pine and wheat sheaves based on a World War I trench mortar. The Welland-Crowland War Memorial was unveiled one day after World War II began on September 4, 1939, by Lieutenant Colonel Archdeacon F.G. Scott, D.S.O., Senior chaplain of the First Canadian Division during World War I, and Canadian poet.

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Professional affiliations and awards

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Wood was a founding member of the Sculptors' Society of Canada along with Alfred Laliberté, Frances Loring, Florence Wyle and Henri Hébert, in which the worked in collaboration with The National Gallery of Canada. In 1945, she was a founding member of the Canadian Arts Council (renamed the Canadian Conference of the Arts in 1958). As a Council member, she served as Organizing Secretary (1944–1945), Chair of the International Relations Committee (1945–1948), and Vice President (1945–1948). As chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, she participated in the organization of, and wrote the catalogue foreword for, an exhibition of 74 artists entitled Canadian Women Artists at the Riverside Museum, New York, N.Y. (April 27 – May 18, 1947). She was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (1948) and a member of the Ontario Society of Artists (1929). She was inducted into the Orillia Hall of Fame in 1966. Wood taught at Central Technical School in Toronto, for twenty-eight years.

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


The National Gallery of Canada's director from 1959–1965, Charles Comfort, stated in his eulogy to Wood;"The death of Elizabeth Wyn Wood on January 27th, 1966, has removed from our midst a distinguished Canadian Sculptor and a vital and imaginative personality. …  All of her work, no matter how large or how small, has a monumental simplicity.  Simplicity is not an end it itself, but Elizabeth Wyn Wood’s simplifications are magnificent attempts to bring order and control into an environment of distraction. Her search for the image in the material, her purification of form and contour, reveal a spirit of great nobility and composure. … The Canadian art world mourns a great artist and I, personally, the loss of a valued and lifelong friend."

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


== External links ==

Elizabeth Wyn Wood


Muriel's Wedding the Musical is an Australian stage musical based on P. J. Hogan's dramedy film of the same name. The musical has a book by Hogan and music and lyrics by Kate Miller-Heidke and Keir Nuttall, with additional songs originally written for ABBA by Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus, and Stig Anderson.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


The original production began previews from 6 November 2017 with an official opening on 18 November 2017, and ran until 27 January 2018 at the Roslyn Packer Theatre in Sydney, produced by Sydney Theatre Company and Global Creatures. Simon Phillips directed, and Gabriela Tylesova designed the set and costumes. The 28-person cast included Max McKenna in the title role, Justine Clarke (Muriel's mother, Betty), Gary Sweet (Muriel's father, Bill Heslop), Madeleine Jones (Rhonda), Helen Dallimore (Deidre Chambers), Christie Whelan Browne (Tania Degano), Briallen Clarke (Joanie), Michael Whalley (Perry), Connor Sweeney (Malcolm), Ben Bennett (Brice Nobes) and Stephen Madsen (Alexander Shkuratov).

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


In 2017 it was announced that the Sydney production (and cast) were going to be transferring to Toronto's Ed Mirvish Theatre, in April 2018. However, the North American premiere was later postponed due to "scheduling conflicts", with producer David Mirvish planning to stage the show in a subsequent season.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


Australian tour (2019)

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


The musical embarked national tour beginning 12 March 2019 at Her Majesty's Theatre in Melbourne. The production then opened at the Sydney Lyric Theatre on 28 June and was followed by the Queensland Performing Arts Centre in Brisbane from 19 September.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


With McKenna performing in the Dear Evan Hansen US tour and Jones joining the Melbourne cast of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, casting began in September 2018 for two new female leads. On 7 October it was announced that Natalie Abbott would be making her professional debut as Muriel alongside Elizabeth Esguerra as Rhonda. Days before opening, amidst several rumours it was announced that Esguerra had been removed from the production, with official releases stating "personal reasons", and she was replaced by her first understudy, Stefanie Jones.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


The musical had its UK premiere at the Curve, Leicester from 10 April to 10 May 2025 with Simon Phillips again directing, produced by Curve in association with Sydney Theatre Company. Casting included Megan Ellis as Muriel, Darren Day as Bill Heslop.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


All songs by Kate Miller-Heidke and Keir Nuttall, except as noted (†): "Dancing Queen", "Waterloo", "I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" and "SOS" by Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus and Stig Anderson; "Money, Money, Money" and "Super Trouper" by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


Original cast recording

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


The original cast recording was released 12 January 2018 and debuted at #17 on the ARIA Albums Chart in Australia. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2018, the album was nominated for Best Original Soundtrack, Cast or Show Album.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


Muriel's Wedding received very positive critical responses. The Sydney Morning Herald commented that: "Muriel's Wedding feels like the complete package: a beloved film seamlessly updated; a central character who retains all the ambiguities that made you root for her in the first place; a conspicuously inventive score peppered with classic pop hits, and a mainstage debut that will be talked about for years. Adapting his own screenplay to the stage and into the social media present, PJ Hogan's book amplifies the Cinderella aspects of Muriel's story without sacrificing the satirical and melancholic elements that gave the film its depth and heart."

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


Awards and nominations

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


Muriel's Wedding received seven 2017 Sydney Theatre Awards, including Best Production of a Mainstage Musical and Best Original Score of a Mainstage Production, as well as for its direction, choreography, musical direction, Jones as female actor in a supporting role in a musical, and McKenna as newcomer. It was nominated for Best New Australian Work, and in four other categories.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


Its text received the 2018 AWGIE Award for Music Theatre, and the AWGIE Awards' David Williamson award for excellence in writing for Australian theatre.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


The musical won five 2018 Helpmann Awards including Best Original Score, and was also nominated for Best Musical and Best New Australian Work, amongst others.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


At the 2020 Melbourne Green Room Awards, Muriel's Wedding received four Musical Theatre category awards for Original Australian Writing, Choreography, Set Design and Costume Design, and was also nominated for Production, Direction, Lead Role (Abbott), Supporting Role (Jones), and Lighting and Multimedia Design (Trent Suidgeest for the lighting).

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


^a  While these songs are titled the same, the latter is a reprise.

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


^b  This song is retitled on the cast recording as simply "A True Friend".

Muriel's Wedding (musical)


Downton Abbey: A New Era (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film's soundtrack album and musical score album of the same name, composed by John Lunn and performed by the Chamber Orchestra of London with the voice of Cherise Adams-Burnett featured on two tracks. It was released on 29 April 2022 on CD, digital download and vinyl by Decca Gold, Decca Records and Universal Music.

Downton Abbey: A New Era (soundtrack)


While composing the film continuation of Downton Abbey in 2019, series regular John Lunn indicated in an interview to Vanity Fair that the film would be the actual conclusion of the series but "the music will definitely live on. Whether there will be another movie, that will probably depend on how successful this one is." However, as the film was a successful venture, the screenwriter Julian Knowles announced a sequel to the film with Simon Curtis as the director. Lunn also returned from the first film, collaborating with Curtis for the second time after the television series Twenty Thousand Streets Under the Sky (2005). Lunn considered working with Curtis as enjoyable and though he could not meet the director in late-2021 due to COVID restrictions and spend a lot of time.

Downton Abbey: A New Era (soundtrack)


Compared to the series and film, Lunn employed a bigger orchestra for A New Era enabling a grander soundscape, but the traditional instrumentation, soundscape and setting remained the same. Musically, it also follows the relationships between people as with the television series, with the only change being the scale. In A New Era, the new story and plot lines required music that never had before, with the Crawleys going to the south of France and a film crew hiring Downton Abbey to make a film, serving as a crossover between silent films and talkies, resulted in him creating a newer musical stand. This was also interesting for Lunn, as it was contrary to the previous television series, having a variety of styles in the music within the film, while still sounding like the television series. He noted the last ten minutes of film were musically driven.

Downton Abbey: A New Era (soundtrack)


As the film needed a new musical flavor, Lunn tried to bring a slightly different orchestra, with the use of celeste, and a harp played differently, and flutes which were never used for the series. He further listened to French music from the early-19th century, and inspired by Claude Debussy, Charles Aznavour and Maurice Ravel's works, Lunn tried to add their influences into the score through the way of orchestration bringing a French flavor but also staying in the same musical world. For the silent film storyline, Lunn spent a massive amount of time on finding the score and the era-appropriate songs as well. Fellowes suggested the use of "Crazy Rhythm" into the script, as well as in other songs, and extensively researched on how silent films sounded musically. Lunn used an acoustic guitar to maintain the rhythm of the film.

Downton Abbey: A New Era (soundtrack)


Jonathan Broxton of Movie Music UK wrote "Downton Abbey: A New Era is a superb score, and anyone who has enjoyed any of the music in the series prior to this will want to add this one to their lists immediately. John Lunn is a master at this sound; lush, emotional, dramatic, and evoking a time and place in English history through stylistic and tonal references to the late-romantic era composers working at the time. The French influences and the Hollywood jazz sounds add new depth to the overall Downton palette, and the way they combine with that terrific main theme, and then rise to an emotional and moving finale, help make this one of the best scores of its type this year."

Downton Abbey: A New Era (soundtrack)


Filmtracks wrote "Overall, Downton Abbey: A New Era represents a continued maturation of the concept's airy and lovely music with a larger ensemble and more diverse themes, extending its familiar and comforting tones to loftier cinematic reaches." Shannon Connellan of Mashable India wrote "the familiar notes of John Lunn's whimsical theme tornado through the film's overtly cheerful opening montage." David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter noted that the film is "often accompanied by a jaunty burst of John Lunn's lush orchestral score". Siddhant Adlakha of IGN noted the score to be "glorious".

Downton Abbey: A New Era (soundtrack)


Rachel Labonte of Screen Rant called it a "sweeping score". Martin Tsai of The A.V. Club noted that Lunn's score "dependably sent chills through Viewers Like You many a Sunday, just the way Alabama 3's "Woke Up This Morning" did to fans of The Sopranos—only this time Downton does so without Laura Linney's intro."

Downton Abbey: A New Era (soundtrack)


Credits adapted from liner notes:

Downton Abbey: A New Era (soundtrack)


Aghaweenagh (Irish derived place name, either Achadh an Bhuí Eanaigh meaning 'The Field of the Yellow Bog' or Achadh Mhuimhneach meaning 'The Field of the Munstermen'.) is a townland in the civil parish of Kildallan, barony of Tullyhunco, County Cavan, Ireland.

Aghaweenagh


Aghaweenagh is bounded on the west by Clontygrigny townland, on the east by Berrymount and Killygreagh townlands, on the south by Ardlougher townland and on the north by Fartrin and Mullynagolman townlands. Its chief geographical features are Togher Lough, Greenville Lough, the Rag River, small streams, forestry plantations, a dug well and spring wells. Aghaweenagh is traversed by minor public roads and rural lanes. The townland covers 375 acres, including 16 acres of water. Until the 18th century the townland of Callaghs formed a sub-division of Aghaweenagh.

Aghaweenagh


A 1587 petition spell the name as Aghewehan. The 1609 Plantation of Ulster Baronial map depicts the townland as split into two parts Teyriah (Irish derived place name, probably Tuath Riabhach meaning the Grey-Striped Land) and Mollachsifine. A Plantation of Ulster grant dated 1611 spells the names as Owtony otherwise Tewreagh and Mullaghsiffin. A 1624 inquisition spells the name as Aghewynaghe otherwise Tevereoghe. The 1641 Depositions spell the townland as Aighavenaigh and Aighaveny. The 1652 Commonwealth Survey spells the townland as Aghoinagh. The 1665 Down Survey map depicts it as Aughweenah and Aughwenagh. William Petty's map of 1685 depicts it as Aghwonod and Aghwonoh and Aghweengh.

Aghaweenagh


From medieval times up to the early 1600s, the land belonged to the McKiernan Clan. On 7 November 1587 John McKiernan, the under-sheriff of County Westmeath, a native of Aghaweenagh, petitioned the government to appoint him the seneschal of Tullyhunco in order to civilise the natives.

Aghaweenagh


Nov. 7. 4. Petition of John Kernan to Burghley. Humbly beseecheth your honourable Lordship, your orator, John Kernan, of Aghewehan, in the territory or cantred of Tolconchoe, alias M'Kernan's country, in the county of the Cavan, within the realm of Ireland, that it may please your Lordship with your favour to further his petition to Her Majesty for the grant of the reversion of the office of Clerk of Common Pleas in the Exchequer for his life, and of the seneschalship of the said cantred to him and to his heirs males of his body, in consideration of his endeavours in Her Majesty's service in the government of Sir William Fytzwylliams, Arthur Lord Grey, and the Lords Justices [Loftus and Wallop], and the rather that your said orator, through the entreaty of his kinsmen, the inhabitants of the said cantred, has left the English Pale to dwell among them, hoping, if convenient countenance be afforded to him by the said grant, to bring them, through dutiful exhortation, and examples of husbandry and other civil trades, from their disorders and disobedience to the due regard of loyalty and obedience. Your said orator presenteth unto your honourable Lordship the opinion and testimony of the Lord Grey and Sir William Fytzwylliams touching your orator by their several letters unto Mr. Secretary Walsyngham, being required so to do by his Honour, at his last being at the Court, since which time your orator hath dutifully attended your Honours and the other Lords of Her Majesty's most honourable Council for Her Majesty's most gracious pleasure in his said suit, and yet some seeking the disgrace of your orator have rumoured that he is suitor for the seneschalship of Meath and Westmeath long since, with the liberty and jurisdiction palatine of the said counties determined and annulled by parliament. Your orator's poor suit is none other than as hereby is declared, a matter of small profit to your orator and less charge to Her Majesty, and in regard thereof moved rather than anything more chargeable to Her Highness, whereof your orator hopeth that your Honour in your grave judgment will think him worthy. John McKiernan was granted the position by Fiant No. 5156 on 20 March 1588

Aghaweenagh


Grant to John Kearnan, gent; of the office of seneschal of the territory of Upper Talconchoe alias M’Kearnans country in co. Cavan. To hold during good behavior, with all accustomed profits. With power to raise the inhabitants, and command them for defence of the territory, the public weal of the inhabitants, and the punishment of malefactors; to prosecute, banish, and punish by all means malefactors, rebels, vagabonds, rymors, Irish harpers, bards, bentules, carrowes, idle men and women, and those who assist such; and twice a year within a month after Easter and Michaelmas respectively to hold a court and law day. He shall not take any unlawful Irish exactions from the inhabitants, as to cess them with kern, nor impose coney or livery, without direction of the Lord Deputy.

Aghaweenagh


At the beginning of the 17th century, Aghaweenagh belonged to Donald McKiernan, the son of Farrell Oge McKiernan. In an inquisition held at Cavan on 25 September 1609, one of the jurors was the said Donell McFerrall oge McKernan. In the Plantation of Ulster by grant dated 4 June 1611, King James VI and I granted part of Aghaweenagh containing 2 plowlands or 100 acres in Tewreagh otherwise Owtony to Donell mac Farrall Oge McKernan, gentleman, at an annual rent of £1-1s-4d. An inquisition held at Cavan on 21 October 1624 stated that- Donald mac Ferrall Oge McKiernan, late of Tevereoghe alias Aghewynaghe in County Cavan was seised of two polls of land called Tevereoghe alias Aghewynaghe. He died 1 March 1623. John McKiernan, his son and heir, was then aged 15 years old and unmarried.

Aghaweenagh


In the Plantation of Ulster by grant dated 27 February 1610, along with other lands, King James VI and I granted one poll of Mullaghsiffin to William O'Shereden, gentleman, Cheefe of his Name. William Sheridan was the chief of the Sheridan Clan in County Cavan. He was the son of the previous chief, Hugh Duff O'Sheridan of Togher townland, Kilmore parish, County Cavan. William was the ancestor of the famous Sheridan theatrical family. William died sometime before 1638 leaving two sons, Owen (of Mullaghmore, Tullyhunco townland, Kildallan parish) and Patrick (of Raleagh townland, Kildallan parish). Owen Sheridan succeeded to his father's lands and this was confirmed by a grant to him by Charles I of England dated 6 March 1637. Owen's son Denis was born in 1612 and became a Catholic priest in charge of Kildrumferton parish, County Cavan. He later converted to Protestantism and on 10 June 1634 William Bedell, the Protestant Bishop of Kilmore, ordained him as a Minister of the Church of Ireland and two days later Denis was collated to the Vicarage of Killasser in the Diocese of Kilmore. Denis had several children, including William Sheridan (Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh) 1682-1691 (his son Donald kept up the Templeport connection by marrying Mrs Enery of Bawnboy); Patrick Sheridan, Cloyne, Protestant Bishop of Cloyne (1679-1682) and Sir Thomas Sheridan (politician) Chief Secretary of State for Ireland (1687-1688).

Aghaweenagh


The aforesaid Owen Sheridan took part in the Irish Rebellion of 1641. At Cavan, on 26 July 1642, Thomas Jones and his son William Jones stated- The Complaynt of William Jones gent. and Tho: Jones, his father, of Cornecrom in the County of Cavan, gent. sayth sworne & examined saith that on the seavententh of November last 1641 there came unto the habitacion of the deponent William Jones, [Weny] Sheridan of Molloughmore, Ffarrell mac Donell mac Ffarrell Oge McKernan of Aighavenaigh, Donell Oge McKernan of same and their nephew, which was freehoulders of the foresaid Aighavenaigh and violently with other assistants tooke away from the complayneant William Jones, fiftye English cowes price 125 li. ster, ten heffers 20 li. ster, eight yeare-olds 4 li. ster, five horsses and mares 10 li. ster, in corne & hay 40 li sterling, in apparell and househould stuffe 30 li. ster, all which  sume amountinge to were worth 229 li. ster and sayd when they tooke away the foresaid goods that the said William Jones, the Complayneant, was a traytor and bade him goe for his Country England & further sayth mee And further theis deponents say that the parties mencioned in a note or scedule hereunto annexed are or were lately actors in the present Rebellion & bore and carryed armes with and for the Rebells against the Protestants whom they robbed and dispoyled of their goodes & did other outrages are theis vizt Tho: Jones Will: Jones Deposed July 26, 1642.

Aghaweenagh


In the Plantation of Ulster by grant dated 16 August 1611, King James VI and I granted, inter alia, part of Aghaweenagh to Thomas Jones-1 poll in Tewrevy to Thomas Johnes, gentleman. At Cavan, on 26 July 1642, The aforesaid Thomas Jones and his son William Jones gave the names of rebel leaders in the Cavan Irish Rebellion of 1641, including Farrell McKernan of Aighavenaigh, Donell Oge McKernan of same, Farrell Rely of same, Farrell mac Donough mac Une McKernan of same, James mac Donough mac Une McKernan of same, Une mac Donough McKernan of same, Owen mac Edmond mac Torlaigh McKernan of same, Bryan McEllpatricke of same. They also stated- The Complaynt of William Jones gent. and Tho: Jones, his father, of Cornecrom in the County of Cavan, gent. sayth sworne & examined saith that on the seavententh of November last 1641 there came unto the habitacion of the deponent William Jones, [Weny] Sheridan of Molloughmore, Ffarrell mac Donell mac Ffarrell Oge McKernan of Aighavenaigh, Donell Oge McKernan of same and their nephew, which was freehoulders of the foresaid Aighavenaigh and violently with other assistants tooke away from the complayneant William Jones, fiftye English cowes price 125 li. ster, ten heffers 20 li. ster, eight yeare-olds 4 li. ster, five horsses and mares 10 li. ster, in corne & hay 40 li sterling, in apparell and househould stuffe 30 li. ster, all which  sume amountinge to were worth 229 li. ster and sayd when they tooke away the foresaid goods that the said William Jones, the Complayneant, was a traytor and bade him goe for his Country England & further sayth mee And further theis deponents say that the parties mencioned in a note or schedule hereunto annexed are or were lately actors in the present Rebellion & bore and carryed armes with and for the Rebells against the Protestants whom they robbed and dispoyled of their goodes & did other outrages are theis vizt Tho: Jones Will: Jones Deposed July 26, 1642. In a further deposition dated 26 July 1642, the said Thomas Jones of Drumminnion, Kildallan parish stated- that on the 17th of November 1641 the deponent Thomas Jones by the procurement of Phillip mac Hugh mac Shane Rely, Edmond Rely, Hugh mac Shane mac Phillip Rely and Hugh mac Molmore Rely, was robbed by Patt Sheridan of Rillaigh, Donell Oge McKernan and his nephew heire of Aighaveny, Laighlen Oge O'Rorke de Killnemarue and Bryan O'Rorke of the same, of the goods following, viz. eightene melch Cowes price 36 li. ster, six heffers in calfe, six pownds sterling; three yearelings 30 s. sterling, foure horsses 12 li. sterling, Corne & hay price 4 0li. sterling, in ready mony x li. 10 s. sterling, in househould stuffe as plate pewter brasse, lynen wollen beddinge and apparell with other necessaries 40 li. sterling, in proffitts of lands per annum in the said County 16 li. sterling,.

Aghaweenagh


After the Irish Rebellion of 1641 concluded, the townland was confiscated from the McKiernans and Sheridans in the Cromwellian Settlement and the 1652 Commonwealth Survey lists it as belonging to James Thornton. A confirming grant dated 30 January 1668 from King Charles II of England to James Thornton included 156 acres and 6 perches in Aghweenagh. A grant dated 9 September 1669 from King Charles II of England to Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey included, inter alia, part of Aughweenagh containing 71 acres and one rood at an annual rent of £0-19s-1 1/2d. The townland remained as part of the estate of the Thorntons of Greenville House, Aghaweenagh until 5 September 1863 when they were sold. Greenville House was described in the sale advert as- On this Property there is a large, substantial, and modern built house, with suitable Offices, and walled-in Garden, fit for the residence of a Gentleman's family; also a handsome Demesne, well planted with useful and ornamental Timber of full growth. The Thornton estate papers are now in Cavan Archives Service and those papers mentioning Aghaweenagh are at reference numbers P016/005; P016/006 and P016/018. In the Hearth Money Rolls compiled on 29 September 1663, there was one Hearth Tax payer in Aghowynagh- William Soath.

Aghaweenagh


A Lease dated 1 October 1731 for two poles of Achaweenagh, Parish of Killdallan, Co. Cavan was made between James Thornton, Achaweenagh, Co. Cavan

Aghaweenagh


and Luke Standford of Belturbett. Witnessed by Daniel Winslow of Derrymore, Co. Fermanagh and Robert Stanford of Belturbett.

Aghaweenagh


In the Cavan Poll Book of 1761, there was one person registered to vote in Aghaweenagh in the Irish general election, 1761 - Abraham Brown. He was entitled to cast two votes. The four election candidates were Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont and  Lord Newtownbutler (later Brinsley Butler, 2nd Earl of Lanesborough), both of whom were then elected Member of Parliament for Cavan County. The losing candidates were George Montgomery (MP) of Ballyconnell and Barry Maxwell, 1st Earl of Farnham. Absence from the poll book either meant a resident did not vote or more likely was not a freeholder entitled to vote, which would mean most of the inhabitants of Aghaweenagh.

Aghaweenagh


The 1790 Cavan Carvaghs list spells the name as Aghuenagh.

Aghaweenagh


The Tithe Applotment Books 1823-1837 list five tithepayers in the townland. and

Aghaweenagh


The Aghaweenagh Valuation Office books are available for 1838.

Aghaweenagh


Griffith's Valuation of 1857 lists eleven landholders in the townland.

Aghaweenagh


In 1863 Aghaweenagh was sold by the Thornton estate to Lord Charles Beresford. On 5 July 1870 Beresford sold the townland. Aghaweenagh was described in the sale advert as- LOT No 4. This Lot comprises the Townland of Aughaweenagh containing 375a Or 38p statute measure held in fee simple and a portion of the Townland of Killygreagh containing 38a 3r 24p statute measure held under fee farm grants and portions of the Townland of Ardlogher held respectively under a fee farm grant and a lease for lives and includes the House and Demesne of Greenville. The House is handsome modern substantially built in excellent order well supplied with water and fit for the immediate reception of a large family. The Offices are well and substantially built. The Garden walled in large and abundantly supplied with fruit trees of every description. The Demesne Lands are of prime quality beautifully diversified and ornamented with Forest and other Timber. The Post office of Ardlogher immediately adjoins Greenville which is within a convenient distance of two Railway Stations and in a very quiet and desirable neighbourhood within three Irish miles of Ballyconnell where eleven Fairs are held annually, four of Killeshandra which has seven Fairs annually and five of Belturbet which has twelve Fairs annually. All Market and Post Towns. There is a valuable Turf Bog on this Lot. The Timber on this Lot is exclusive of Ornamental Timber very valuable. It was valued some years since by Mr Thomas Webb at £2,000.

Aghaweenagh


The 1938 Dúchas folklore collection mentions a treasure hunt by Mr. Berry from Greenville c.1740.

Aghaweenagh


In the 1901 census of Ireland, there are eight families listed in the townland.

Aghaweenagh


In the 1911 census of Ireland, there are eleven families listed in the townland.

Aghaweenagh


The IreAtlas Townland Data Base

Aghaweenagh


The submasseterric space (also termed the masseteric space) is a fascial space of the head and neck (sometimes also termed fascial spaces or tissue spaces). It is a potential space in the face over the angle of the jaw, and is paired on each side. It is located between the lateral aspect of the mandible and the medial aspect of the masseter muscle and its investing fascia. The term is derived from sub- meaning "under" in Latin and masseteric which refers to the masseter muscle. The submasseteric space is one of the four compartments of the masticator space. Sometimes the submasseteric space is described as a series of spaces, created because the masseter muscle has multiple insertions that cover most of the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible.

Submasseteric space


The boundaries of each submasseteric space are:

Submasseteric space


the anterior margin of the masseter muscle anteriorly,

Submasseteric space


the parotid gland posteriorly,

Submasseteric space


the zygomatic arch superiorly,

Submasseteric space


the inferior border of the mandible inferiorly,

Submasseteric space


the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus medially (the submasseteric space is superficial to the mandible),

Submasseteric space


the masseter muscle laterally (the submasseteric space is deep to masseter).

Submasseteric space


The communications of each submasseteric space are:

Submasseteric space


to the buccal space anteriorly,

Submasseteric space


to the pterygomandibular space (around the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus to its medial surface) and the parotid space posteriorly,

Submasseteric space


to the superficial temporal space superiorly.

Submasseteric space


In health, the space contains:

Submasseteric space


the masseteric artery and vein.

Submasseteric space


Clinical significance

Submasseteric space


Submasseteric abscesses are relatively rare, and may be confused with a parotid abscess or parotitis. They tend to be chronic. The submasseteric space may be involved by infections that spread from the buccal space. Sometimes mandibular fractures in the region of the angle of the mandible may cause an infection of the submasseteric space. The signs and symptoms of a submasseteric abscess may include marked trismus (i.e. difficulty opening the mouth, since the masseter elevates the mandible and it becomes restricted) and swelling in the region of the masseter muscle. The treatment of a submasseteric space infection is usually by surgical incision and drainage, and the incision is placed intra-orally (inside the mouth) or both intra and extra-orally if other parts of the masticator space are involved.

Submasseteric space


Odontogenic infections

Submasseteric space


The submasseteric space is sometimes involved by the spread of odontogenic infections, such as a pericoronal abscess associated with an impacted mandibular third molar (lower wisdom tooth) when the apices of the tooth lie very close to or within the space.

Submasseteric space


Louis Alfred Székely (; born September 12, 1967), known professionally as Louis C.K. (), is an American stand-up comedian, actor and filmmaker. C.K. has won six Emmy Awards, and three Grammy Awards, three Critics' Choice Awards, three Peabody Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award as well as nominations for two Golden Globe Awards. He was listed as one of Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2012 and Rolling Stone ranked him fourth on its 2017 list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time.

Louis C.K.


C.K. began his career in the 1990s writing for comedians including David Letterman, Conan O'Brien, Dana Carvey, Chris Rock, and Saturday Night Live. He was also directing surreal short films and directed two features—Tomorrow Night (1998) and Pootie Tang (2001). In 2001, C.K. released his debut comedy album, Live in Houston, directly through his website and became among the first performers to offer direct-to-fan sales of tickets to his stand-up shows and DRM-free video concert downloads via his website. He became prolific releasing nine comedy albums, often directing and editing his specials as well. These specials include Shameless (2007), Chewed Up (2008), Hilarious (2010), and Oh My God (2013).

Louis C.K.


He gained prominence and widespread acclaim for his FX semi-autobiographical comedy-drama series Louie (2010–2015), which he created, directed and starred in. The series received numerous accolades with C.K. winning two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series. In 2016, he created and starred in his self-funded web series Horace and Pete, and co-created the shows Baskets and Better Things for FX. In film, he acted in American Hustle (2013), Blue Jasmine (2013), Trumbo (2015), and The Secret Life of Pets (2016).

Louis C.K.


In 2017, he admitted to several incidents of sexual misconduct following the release of an article in The New York Times. This resulted in widespread criticism and caused his 2017 film I Love You, Daddy to be pulled from distribution prior to its release. In 2018, he returned to stand-up comedy, and in 2019, he announced an international tour. He has also released the specials Sincerely Louis C.K. (2020) and Sorry (2021) on his website, receiving a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album for the former. C.K. also co-wrote and directed the film Fourth of July (2022).

Louis C.K.


Louis Alfred Székely was born in Washington, D.C., on September 12, 1967, the son of software engineer Mary Louise (née Davis) and economist Luis Székely. He has three sisters. His father is of Mexican and Hungarian-Jewish descent. C.K.'s Jewish paternal grandfather, Géza Székely Schweiger, had immigrated from Hungary to Mexico; he and his Mexican wife, Rosario Sánchez Morales, raised their children in the Catholic faith. C.K.'s mother, an American, was a Catholic with Irish ancestry.

Louis C.K.


When C.K. was an infant, his family moved to his father's home country of Mexico, where his father had earned a degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico prior to graduating from Harvard. C.K.'s first language was Spanish; it was not until after they moved back to the U.S. when he was 7 that he began to learn English. He has said that he has since forgotten much of his Spanish. C.K.'s family left Mexico and moved back to the United States, settling in the Boston area, initially for a year in Framingham, Massachusetts.

Louis C.K.


Upon moving from Mexico to suburban Boston, C.K. wanted to become a writer and comedian, citing George Carlin, Bill Cosby and Richard Pryor as some of his influences. When he was 10, his parents divorced. C.K. said that his father was around but he did not see him much and when he remarried, C.K.'s father converted to Orthodox Judaism, the faith of his new wife and the birth heritage of his paternal grandfather, which his father had begun to explore while studying at Harvard. C.K. and his three sisters were raised by their single mother in Newton, Massachusetts. The fact that his mother had only "bad" TV shows to view upon returning home from work inspired him to work on television. C.K.'s mother raised their children as Catholic and they attended after-school Catholic class until they completed communion. C.K. has said that his father's whole family still lives in Mexico. C.K.'s paternal uncle Dr. Francisco Székely is an academic and an international consultant on environmental affairs who served as Mexico's Deputy Minister of Environment (2000–2003).

Louis C.K.


C.K. attended Newton North High School and graduated in 1985. He graduated with future Friends star Matt LeBlanc. After graduation, C.K. worked as an auto mechanic and at a public access TV cable station in Boston. According to C.K., working in public access TV gave him the tools and technical knowledge to make his short films and later his television shows. "Learning is my favorite thing", he said. He also worked for a time as a cook and in a video store.

Louis C.K.


1984–1997: Career beginnings

Louis C.K.


In 1984 at 17, C.K. directed the comedic short film Trash Day. The New York University Tisch School of the Arts showed an interest in him as a filmmaker, but he instead decided to pursue a career in stand-up comedy. C.K.'s first attempt at stand-up was in 1985 at an open mic night at a comedy club in Boston, Massachusetts, during the apex of the comedy boom. He was given five minutes of time, but had only two minutes of material. He was so discouraged by the experience that he did not perform again for two years. As Boston's comedy scene grew, C.K. gradually achieved success, performing alongside acts such as Denis Leary and Lenny Clarke, and eventually he moved up to paid gigs, opening for Jerry Seinfeld and hosting comedy clubs until he moved to Manhattan in 1989. He performed his act on many televised programs, including Evening at the Improv and Star Search. C.K.'s short film Ice Cream (1993), was submitted to the Aspen Shortsfest in 1994.

Louis C.K.


In 1993, he unsuccessfully auditioned for Saturday Night Live, although he did later work with Robert Smigel, writing on the TV Funhouse shorts for the program. C.K.'s earliest writing job was for Conan O'Brien on the late-night talk show Late Night with Conan O'Brien from 1993 to 1994, before briefly writing for Late Show with David Letterman in 1995. C.K. has stated that Conan O'Brien kept C.K. in comedy by hiring him, as he planned to quit comedy the following day if he had not been hired for Late Night with Conan O'Brien.

Louis C.K.


Throughout the spring of 1996, C.K. served as the head writer for The Dana Carvey Show; its writers also included Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Robert Smigel, and Charlie Kaufman. It was canceled after seven episodes. In 1996, HBO released his first half-hour comedy special. C.K. appeared several times on the animated show Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist.

Louis C.K.


From 1997 to 1999, he wrote for The Chris Rock Show. His work on the show was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for writing three times, winning "Best Writing in a Variety or Comedy Series" in 1999. He was also nominated for an Emmy for his work writing for Late Night with Conan O'Brien. He has been quoted as describing his approach to writing as a "deconstruction" that is both painful and frightening.

Louis C.K.


1998–2004: Focus on filmmaking

Louis C.K.


In 1998, C.K. wrote and directed the independent black-and-white film Tomorrow Night, which premiered at Sundance, marking his feature film directorial debut after making several shorter films, including six short films for the sketch comedy show Howie Mandel's Sunny Skies (1995) on the Showtime cable network. C.K. self-released Tomorrow Night in 2014. He hosted the PBS show ShortCuts in 1999, which featured independent short films, including some made by C.K. himself. Also that year, C.K. devised and starred in The Filthy Stupid Talent Show, a mock talent show television special. He had an early acting role in the independent comedy Tuna, alongside Nick Offerman, in 2000 and performed on the stand-up showcase series Comedy Central Presents the following year.

Louis C.K.


C.K. wrote and directed the feature film Pootie Tang (2001), which was adapted from a sketch that was featured on The Chris Rock Show and featured Chris Rock in a supporting role. The film received largely negative reviews from critics, but has become a cult classic; in a half-star review, Roger Ebert declared it a "train wreck" and felt the film was "not in a releasable condition". Though C.K. is credited as the director, he was fired at the end of filming with the film being re-edited by the studio. C.K. has since co-written two screenplays with Rock: Down to Earth (2001) and I Think I Love My Wife (2007). His first comedy album, Live in Houston, was released in 2001. In 2002, he voiced Brendon Small's estranged father, Andrew Small, in the animated sitcom Home Movies. C.K. was among the writing staff of the sketch comedy show Cedric the Entertainer Presents (2002–03).

Louis C.K.


2005–2009: Lucky Louie and stand-up breakthrough

Louis C.K.


In August 2005, C.K. starred in a half-hour HBO special as part of the stand-up series One Night Stand. Inspired by the work ethic of fellow comedian George Carlin, who had committed to dropping all of his existing material and starting over every year, in June 2006, C.K. starred in and wrote Lucky Louie, a sitcom he created. The series premiered on HBO and was videotaped in front of a studio audience; it was HBO's first series in that format. Lucky Louie is described as a bluntly realistic portrayal of family life. HBO canceled the series after its first season.

Louis C.K.


C.K. was a part of Opie and Anthony's Traveling Virus Comedy Tour with other comedians in 2007. In 2007, he hosted a three-hour phone-in show on the service at the request of Opie & Anthony, during which he advised callers on their relationship troubles. During an interview with Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld on the show, C.K. repeatedly asked Rumsfeld whether he is in fact a reptilian space alien who "eats Mexican babies". Rumsfeld declined to comment and the video has since gone viral. He appeared in three films in 2008: Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins, Diminished Capacity, and Role Models.

Louis C.K.


C.K. launched his first hour-long special, Shameless, in 2007, which aired on HBO and was later released on DVD. In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked C.K.'s stand-up special Shameless number three on their "Divine Comedy: 25 Best Stand-Up Specials and Movies of All Time" list In March 2008, he recorded a second hour-long special, Chewed Up, which premiered on Showtime Network on October 4, 2008, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy or Variety Special. C.K. and his wife Alix Bailey divorced in 2008, with C.K. and Bailey sharing joint custody of their children. In a 2010 interview, C.K. talked about how, after his divorce, he thought, "well, there goes my act." He alluded to the way that his marriage had been central to his act and his life, and he said that it took him approximately a year to realize "I'm accumulating stories here that are worth telling." One element in his preparation for stand-up was training at the same boxing gym as Lowell, Massachusetts fighter Micky Ward, trying to "learn how to ... do the grunt work and the boring, constant training so that you'll be fit enough to take the beating." A clip from an appearance by C.K. on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in October 2008 titled "Everything's Amazing and Nobody is Happy" became a viral hit on YouTube in 2009, helping his standup career to propel forward.

Louis C.K.


On April 18, 2009, C.K. recorded a concert film titled Hilarious. Unlike his previous specials—which had all been produced for television networks—Hilarious was produced independently, directed by C.K. himself, and sold to Epix and Comedy Central after it was complete. As a result, it was not released until late 2010. It was published on DVD and CD in 2011. It is the first stand-up comedy film accepted into the Sundance Film Festival. From 2009 to 2012, C.K. played Dave Sanderson, a police officer and ex-boyfriend of Leslie Knope (played by Amy Poehler) in the sitcom Parks and Recreation. He also co-starred in the romantic comedy fantasy film The Invention of Lying, directed by and starring Ricky Gervais, in 2009.

Louis C.K.


2011–2016: Louie, Horace and Pete and film roles

Louis C.K.


FX picked up C.K.'s series Louie in August 2009, which C.K. stars in, writes, directs, and edits. The show features stand-up routines blended with segments partially based on his offstage experiences which address his life as a divorced, aging father. The show premiered on June 29, 2010. In season three, episodes dealt respectively with a date with an unstable bookshop clerk (played by Parker Posey); a doomed attempt to replace a retiring David Letterman; an aborted visit to C.K.'s father; and a dream-reality New Year's Eve episode in which C.K. ends up in China. These episodes were ranked in critic Matt Zoller Seitz's favorite 25 comedy episodes of 2012. Seitz called the episode "New Year's Eve" "truly audacious". C.K. has been nominated five times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (2011–2015) for his work in Louie, and won two Emmys in 2011 –  for the Louie episode "Pregnant" and for his special Live at the Beacon Theater.

Louis C.K.


The show was renewed for a fourth season; with a 19-month hiatus after season 3 to accommodate C.K.'s roles in David O. Russell's American Hustle and Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine in 2013. During the 2014 Television Critics Association presentations, FX Networks' John Landgraf reported that Louie would return in spring 2015 for a shortened fifth season of seven episodes—compared to the 13 episodes of prior seasons. The fifth season premiered in April 2015 and an announcement said the series would take an "extended hiatus" in August 2015; C.K. stated in January 2016 that he "just doesn't know" whether it would return or not. In November 2017, in the wake of the misconduct allegations against C.K, FX cut ties with the embattled comic and filmmaker, ending their partnership. In 2018, however, FX CEO John Landgraf stated to Variety, "I love Louie and I love Louis C.K.'s work and I miss him, and I miss it," and that "the network is ready to welcome C.K. back and is eager for Louie season six". In 2011, C.K. joined fellow comedians Jerry Seinfeld, Chris Rock, and Ricky Gervais for a discussion of comedy in Talking Funny, a one-hour television special that aired on HBO.

Louis C.K.


On December 10, 2011, C.K. released his fourth full-length special, Live at the Beacon Theater. Like Hilarious, it was produced independently and directed by C.K. However, unlike his earlier work, it was distributed digitally on his website, foregoing both physical and broadcast media. C.K. released the special for $5.00 and without DRM, hoping that these factors and the direct relationship between the artist and consumer would effectively deter illegal downloading. At the end of the special, the release of a new album, recorded at Carnegie Hall the previous year, is mentioned. By December 21, 2011, the sales of the special from C.K.'s website had already earned him over $1 million. C.K. hosted Saturday Night Live on November 3, 2012, and was subsequently Primetime Emmy Award-nominated for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series. The success of the special prompted other comedians, including Jim Gaffigan, Joe Rogan, and Aziz Ansari, to release their own specials with a similar business model. On May 11, 2012, C.K. additionally made two audio-only downloads available for $5.00 each: WORD – Live at Carnegie Hall (and the audio version of his first HBO stand-up special, Shameless), as well as an audio-only version of Live at the Beacon Theater. C.K.'s fifth one-hour special, Oh My God, was recorded at the Celebrity Theatre in Phoenix, Arizona, and premiered on HBO April 13, 2013. It was also sold and distributed using the same model as C.K. used for Live at the Beacon Theater.

Louis C.K.


In 2013, C.K. appeared in critically acclaimed films the first being Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine where he played the romantic interest of Sally Hawkins' character. C.K. originally auditioned for the role that went to Andrew Dice Clay, and Allen offered Louie the role that ended up in the film. Of the experience, C.K. stated, "I had this three-day part and I figured I'm a tourist on this movie. All I want is a little Woody moment to take home with me. It was so fun, and we had lunch, and I thought having lunch with him was my rewarding moment. And then after lunch, we shot one more scene and I got a big laugh on the set, and I thought, that's my Woody moment". Later that year, C.K. starred in David O. Russell's black comedy crime film American Hustle, which was released in December 2013. C.K. played the role of FBI supervisor Stoddard Thorsen, the boss of Bradley Cooper's character. The film was a financial and critical hit, earning 10 Academy Awards nominations including Best Picture. C.K. earned a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture.

Louis C.K.


C.K.'s production company, Pig Newton, where he works with producer Blair Breard, signed a contract to develop and executive produce pilots for FX Networks in 2013. In January 2014, an announcement said C.K. would produce and co-write a Zach Galifianakis–created comedy pilot for FX Networks. The 10-episode single-camera comedy, titled Baskets, premiered on January 21, 2016. It features Galifianakis as the main character, a struggling clown named Chip Baskets in a pilot episode written by Galifianakis, Louis C.K. and Jonathan Krisel. C.K. released his sixth one-hour special Live at the Comedy Store to his website in January 2015, which, unlike his past few specials, was recorded at a club, The Comedy Store in West Hollywood. C.K. said he intended the material as an exercise in creating an act that hearkened back to his early days in comedy clubs. The special premiered exclusively on FX on May 28, 2015.

Louis C.K.


He returned to host Saturday Night Live on March 29, 2014, and May 16, 2015, and received Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for both episodes. C.K. also attended the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special, where he was chosen to introduce a montage of the pre-recorded sketches. In May 2015, it was announced that C.K. would write, direct, and star in the film I'm a Cop, to be produced by Scott Rudin, Dave Becky, and Blair Breard, with a budget of $8 million, although he later canceled the project. C.K. became the first comedian to sell out Madison Square Garden three times in a single tour in 2015. Audio from the tour was released by C.K. on his website as Louis C.K.: Live at Madison Square Garden through the pay what you want model. In November 2015, C.K. co-starred in the biographical drama film Trumbo as a composite character based on five screenwriters who were blacklisted in Hollywood for their alleged ties to the Communist party during the 1940s. He executive-produced the pilot for the Amazon Video black comedy series One Mississippi, starring Notaro, in November 2015. It was ordered for a full season by Amazon. In January 2016 C.K. and actor/comedian Albert Brooks were rumoured to create, write, executive produce, and provide the voices for the two main characters in an animated series pilot for FX. The following January, the series was announced to instead be premiering on TBS in 2018 and titled The Cops, following two Los Angeles patrolmen.

Louis C.K.


On January 30, 2016, he released the first episode of the tragicomic drama series Horace and Pete to his website, without any prior announcements. C.K. directed, wrote, and starred in the series as bar owner Horace, alongside Steve Buscemi, who portrays co-owner Pete. Horace and Pete pioneered the genre of 'sadcom'. James Poniewozik of The New York Times said the series "may best be described as a Cheers spec script by Eugene O'Neill: a snapshot of a family—and a country—suffering a hangover decades in the making." The self-financed series received a significantly positive reaction from critics, who largely focused on the performances of the veteran cast that includes C.K., Buscemi, Edie Falco, Steven Wright, Alan Alda, and Jessica Lange and C.K.'s writing. C.K. has expressed his interest in a second season.

Louis C.K.


C.K. next voiced the lead, Max, a Jack Russell Terrier, in the animated comedy film The Secret Life of Pets. The film was co-directed by Chris Renaud of the Despicable Me series, and was released on July 8, 2016. It grossed over $875 million worldwide. C.K. developed the series Better Things with its star Pamela Adlon, who had appeared on Louie. C.K. co-wrote, co-produced, and directed the pilot. The show is about a single working actress mother and her struggles to raise three daughters. It premiered in September 2016 on FX. His stand-up special 2017 was filmed in Washington, D.C., and released on April 4, 2017, through the streaming service Netflix. Barry Crimmins's stand-up special, Whatever Threatens You, directed and produced by C.K., was released through his website in 2016. On April 8, 2017, he hosted Saturday Night Live for a fourth time, where he received strong reviews for his opening monologue in which he tackled white privilege, and bits about a racist chicken, and talking animals. A critic from The A.V. Club wrote " no one's better at taking a joke to the edge and tiptoeing nimbly along it". C.K. also honored fellow comedian Don Rickles who died that week, saying during the goodnights portion stating, "I just want to say, Don Rickles was the funniest man in the world and he was also a lovely, beautiful guy. I'll miss him for the rest of my life".

Louis C.K.


C.K. directed the film I Love You, Daddy in secret, shooting entirely on black and white 35 mm film in June 2017. The film follows a television producer and writer played by C.K. called Glen Topher whose teenage daughter, played by Chloë Grace Moretz, is seduced by a much older film director (John Malkovich), causing Topher to become disconcerted. The film also features Charlie Day, Adlon, Rose Byrne, Edie Falco and Helen Hunt. It premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival in September, whereupon The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film a four-star review, calling it a "very funny and recklessly provocative homage to Woody Allen, channeling his masterpiece Manhattan."

Louis C.K.


2017: Sexual misconduct allegations and fallout

Louis C.K.