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* Order of Polonia Restituta (2018)
* [https://ptchem.pl/pl/honors/distinctions-and-medals-ptchem Medal Jana Zawidzkiego] (1997)
* Golden Cross of Merit (Poland) (1990) | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A typical thermodynamic operation is externally imposed change of position of a piston, so as to alter the volume of the system of interest. Another thermodynamic operation is a removal of an initially separating wall, a manipulation that unites two systems into one undivided system. A typical thermodynamic process con... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
These reagents are useful because, unlike related Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents, they react with organic halides to replace the halide group with an R group (the Corey–House reaction). Such displacement reactions allow for the synthesis of complex products from simple building blocks. Lewis acids can be... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Lactonase hydrolyzes the ester bond of the homoserine lactone ring of acylated homoserine lactones. In hydrolysing the lactone bond, lactonase prevents these signaling molecules from binding to their target transcriptional regulators, thus inhibiting quorum sensing. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Different types of kerogen have differing potentials to produce oil during maturation. These various types of kerogen can be distinguished on a van Krevelen diagram. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Generally, two major frictional systems affect adhesive wear or galling: solid surface contact and lubricated contact. In terms of prevention, they work in dissimilar ways and set different demands on the surface structure, alloys, and crystal matrix used in the materials.
In solid surface contact or unlubricated condi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The water in the sea was thought to come from the Earths volcanoes, starting 4 billion years ago, released by degassing from molten rock. More recent work suggests much of the Earths water may come from comets.
Scientific theories behind the origins of sea salt started with Sir Edmond Halley in 1715, who proposed that ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Within the CH group, commonly found in organic compounds, the two low mass hydrogens can vibrate in six different ways which can be grouped as 3 pairs of modes: 1. symmetric and asymmetric stretching, 2. scissoring and rocking, 3. wagging and twisting. These are shown here:
(These figures do not represent the "recoil" ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The production of butanol by biological means was first performed by Louis Pasteur in 1861. In 1905, Austrian biochemist Franz Schardinger found that acetone could similarly be produced. In 1910 Auguste Fernbach (1860–1939) developed a bacterial fermentation process using potato starch as a feedstock in the production ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chan King-ming earned his Bachelor of Science and Master of Philosophy degrees at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and his doctoral degree from Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
He is now director of the Environmental Science Program at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
It can be advantageous to describe the aqueous phase in terms of molality instead of concentration. The molality of a solution does not change with , since it refers to the mass of the solvent. In contrast, the concentration does change with , since the density of a solution and thus its volume are temperature-depende... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
SahysMod accepts four different reservoirs of which three are in the soil profile:
:s: a surface reservoir,
:r: an upper (shallow) soil reservoir or root zone,
:x: an intermediate soil reservoir or transition zone,
:q: a deep reservoir or main aquifer.
The upper soil reservoir is defined by the soil depth, from which w... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Raoults law was first observed empirically and led François-Marie Raoult to postulate that the vapor pressure above an ideal mixture of liquids is equal to the sum of the vapor pressures of each component multiplied by its mole fraction. Taking compliance with Raoults Law as a defining characteristic of ideality in a ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Isostructural chemical compounds have similar chemical structures. "Isomorphous" when used in the relation to crystal structures is not synonymous: in addition to the same atomic connectivity that characterises isostructural compounds, isomorphous substances crystallise in the same space group and have the same unit ce... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In molecular orbital theory, the main alternative to valence bond theory, the molecular orbitals (MOs) are approximated as sums of all the atomic orbitals (AOs) on all the atoms; there are as many MOs as AOs. Each AO has a weighting coefficient c that indicates the AOs contribution to a particular MO. For example, in b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Calthemite coralloids (also known as popcorn), can form on the underside of concrete structures and look very similar to those which occurs in caves. Coralloids can form by a number of different methods in caves, however on concrete the most common form is created when hyperalkaline solution seeps from fine cracks in c... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Benefits will be realised by pursuing two overarching goals:
* To determine global ocean distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, and to evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species in order to characterise more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating th... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Various solutions have been proposed for the challenging problem of network motif (NM) discovery. These algorithms can be classified under various paradigms such as exact counting methods, sampling methods, pattern growth methods and so on. However, motif discovery problem comprises two main steps: first, calculating t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The unambiguous mechanism of the antigen transfer is still unknown. However, there are three possible ways: I. acquisition of mTEC apoptotic bodies, which could possibly be related with low mTEC lifespan II. acquisition of exosomes and III. acquisition via trogocytosis, how antigen transfer can be mediated.
There is al... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Modern research topics in solid-state physics include:
*High-temperature superconductivity
*Quasicrystals
*Spin glass
*Strongly correlated materials
*Two-dimensional materials
*Nanomaterials | 8 | Metallurgy |
The relation between mass concentration and density of a pure component (mass concentration of single component mixtures) is:
where is the density of the pure component, the volume of the pure component before mixing. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In crystallography and the theory of infinite vertex-transitive graphs, the coordination sequence of a vertex is an integer sequence that counts how many vertices are at each possible distance from . That is, it is a sequence
where each is the number of vertices that are steps away from . If the graph is vertex-tran... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The litmus mixture has the CAS number 1393-92-6 and contains 10 to around 15 different dyes. All of the chemical components of litmus are likely to be the same as those of the related mixture known as orcein but in different proportions. In contrast with orcein, the principal constituent of litmus has an average molecu... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Organosulfur compounds can be classified according to the sulfur-containing functional groups, which are listed (approximately) in decreasing order of their occurrence. | 9 | Geochemistry |
3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA), or indole-3-propionic acid, has been studied for its therapeutic therapeutic value in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. As of 2022 IPA shows potential in the treatment of this disease, though the therapeutic effect of IPA depends on dose and time of therapy initiation.
Though promising... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The use of the chiral pool is illustrated by the synthesis of the anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol). The incorporation of the C10 precursor verbenone, a member of the chiral pool, makes the production of paclitaxel more efficient than most alternatives.
Chiral pool synthesis is used to build a part of epothilone (an ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
and , with constants and and rate equations ; and
The integrated rate equations are then ; and
One important relationship in this case is | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Functional genomics is a field of molecular biology that attempts to describe gene (and protein) functions and interactions. Functional genomics make use of the vast data generated by genomic and transcriptomic projects (such as genome sequencing projects and RNA sequencing). Functional genomics focuses on the dynamic... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Homogeneous metallocene catalysts, e.g., derived from or related to zirconocene dichloride introduced a level of microstructural control that was unavailable with heterogeneous systems. Metallocene catalysts are homogeneous single-site systems, implying that a uniform catalyst is present in the solution. In contrast,... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In physical therapy, occupational therapy, and athletic training, a goniometer measures range of motion of limbs and joints of the body. These measurements help accurately track progress in a rehabilitation program. When a patient has decreased range of motion, a therapist assesses the joint before performing an interv... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The evolution of ATP synthase is thought to have been modular whereby two functionally independent subunits became associated and gained new functionality. This association appears to have occurred early in evolutionary history, because essentially the same structure and activity of ATP synthase enzymes are present in ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Vitamin A receptor, Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 or STRA6 protein was originally discovered as a transmembrane cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein. STRA6 is unique as it functions both as a membrane transporter and a cell surface receptor, particularly as a cytokine receptor. In fact, STRA6 may be the f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A recent study highlights the first report of thermo-responsive rare-earth elements (REE)-selective protein. The ELP and the REE-binding domain are genetically fused to form REE-selective and thermo-responsive genetically encoded ELP called RELP for the selective extraction and recovery of total REEs. RELP shows a sele... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Vitamin D supplementation has been tentatively found to lead to a reduced risk of death in the elderly, but the effect has not been deemed pronounced, or certain enough, to make taking supplements recommendable. Other forms (vitamin D, alfacalcidol, and calcitriol) do not appear to have any beneficial effects with rega... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In his 1960 novel Trouble with Lichen, John Wyndham gives the name Lichenin to a biochemical extract of lichen used to extend life expectancy beyond 300 years. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Organotantalum reagents arise via transmetalation of organotin compounds with tantalum(V) chloride. These organotantalum reagents promote the conjugate allylation of enones. Although the direct allylation of carbonyl groups is prevalent throughout the literature, little has been reported on the conjugate allylation of... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The cam is actuated by a user by rotating the handle, causing a cam to lift the weight and let it fall freely on the frame attached to the ram head. This produces a standard compacting action to a pre-measured amount of sand. Demonstration of this apparatus can be seen here:
Variety of standard specimen for Green San... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Gene silencing techniques have been widely used by researchers to study genes associated with disorders. These disorders include cancer, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Gene silencing is also currently being used in drug discovery efforts, such as synthetic lethality, high-th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Ostwald law of dilution provides a satisfactory description of the concentration dependence of the conductivity of weak electrolytes like CHCOOH and NHOH. The variation of molar conductivity is essentially due to the incomplete dissociation of weak electrolytes into ions.
For strong electrolytes, however, Lewis a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and phototrophic and chemoautotrophic Pseudomonadota (formerly proteobacteria), the enzyme usually consists of two types of protein subunit, called the large chain (L, about 55,000 Da) and the small chain (S, about 13,000 Da). The large-chain gene (rbcL) is encoded by the chloroplast DN... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In medicine, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood is called or PaCO. Measurement of in the systemic circulation indicates the effectiveness of ventilation at the lungs' alveoli, given the diffusing capacity of the gas. It is a good indicator of respiratory function and the closely related factor o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Bacteriophytochrome
* sensory bacteriorhodopsin
* Halorhodopsin
* Proteorhodopsin
* Cyanobacteriochrome | 1 | Biochemistry |
Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase is a fusion protein in plants and fungi, but consists of two non-interacting proteins in bacteria, PurK and PurE.
The crystal structure of PurE indicates a unique quaternary structure that confirms the octameric nature of the enzyme. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule. This type of reaction is important because organonitrogen compounds are pervasive. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Burying biomass (such as trees) directly mimics the natural processes that created fossil fuels. The global potential for carbon sequestration using wood burial is estimated to be 10 ± 5 GtC/yr and largest rates in tropical forests (4.2 GtC/yr), followed by temperate (3.7 GtC/yr) and boreal forests (2.1 GtC/yr). In 200... | 5 | Photochemistry |
It was not until 1987 when two chemists, Hedrick and Schlemper, from the University of Freiburg proposed the use of phosphazene bases to speed up the reaction and lower the polydispersity index. Up until 2023, three different phosphazene bases have been used in PPA polymerization. Moreover, most of the published resear... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Milk lipids are secreted in a unique manner by lactocytes, which are specialized epithelial cells within the alveoli of the lactating mammary gland.
The process takes place in multiple stages. First, fat synthesized within the endoplasmic reticulum accumulates in droplets between the inner and outer phospholipid monola... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Liver of sulfur is a loosely defined mixture of potassium sulfide, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiosulfate, and likely potassium bisulfide. Synonyms include hepar sulfuris, sulfur, sulfurated potash and sulfurated potassa. There are two distinct varieties: "potassic liver of sulfur" and "ammoniacal liver of sulf... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The adverse effect profile of mecillinam is similar to that of other penicillins. Its most common side effects are rash and gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and vomiting. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Sliding ferroelectricity is widely found but only in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals stacked layers. The vertical electric polarization is switched by in-plane interlayer sliding. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In cancerous cells, initiation factors assist in cellular transformation and development of tumors. The survival and growth of cancer is directly related to the modification of initiation factors and is used as a target for pharmaceuticals. Cells need increased energy when cancerous and derive this energy from proteins... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)aniline is the organic compound with the formula CHN(SOCF). It is a white solid. The compound is used to install the triflyl group (SOCF). Its behavior is akin to that of triflic anhydride, but milder. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* ATOMIC, MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS: NEW RESEARCH by L.T. Chen ; Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
He taught courses on General and Inorganic Chemistry, Photochemistry, Supramolecular chemistry. He was chairman of the PhD course on Chemical Sciences from 2002 to 2007 and of the “laurea specialistica” in Photochemistry and Material Chemistry from 2004 to 2007. In the Academic Year 2008–2009, he founded at the Univers... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In terms of representation theory, what has happened is that the two conjugate 2-dimensional spin representations of the spin group SU(2) = Spin(3) (as it sits inside the 3-dimensional Clifford algebra) have tensored to produce a 4-dimensional representation. The 4-dimensional representation descends to the usual ortho... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A variety of different polymerization methods may be utilized for the synthesis of the polymer chains that make up hydrogels. Their properties depend on how these chains are crosslinked. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The optical activity (absorption and scattering of light) and hydrodynamic properties (translational diffusion, sedimentation coefficients, and rotational correlation times) of formamide denatured nucleic acids are similar to those of heat-denatured nucleic acids. Therefore, depending on the desired effect, chemically ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Benzene, toluene, and xylenes can be made by various processes. However, most BTX production is based on the recovery of aromatics derived from the catalytic reforming of naphtha in a petroleum refinery.
Catalytic reforming usually utilizes a feedstock naphtha that contains non-aromatic hydrocarbons with 6 to 12 carbon... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The primary form of inorganic carbon that is fixed is carbon dioxide (CO). It is estimated that approximately 250 billion tons of carbon dioxide are converted by photosynthesis annually. The majority of the fixation occurs in terrestrial environments, especially the tropics. The gross amount of carbon dioxide fixed i... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The self-ionization of water was first proposed in 1884 by Svante Arrhenius as part of the theory of ionic dissociation which he proposed to explain the conductivity of electrolytes including water. Arrhenius wrote the self-ionization as . At that time, nothing was yet known of atomic structure or subatomic particles, ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
RA regulates gene transcription by binding to nuclear receptors known as retinoic acid receptors (RARs; RARα, RARβ, RARγ) which are bound to DNA as heterodimers with retinoid "X" receptors (RXRs; RXRα, RXRβ, RXRγ). RARs and RXRs must dimerize before they can bind to the DNA. Expression of more than 500 genes is respons... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare and biological warfare, which together make up NBC, the military initialism for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (warfare or weapons). None of these fall under the term conventi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Traditional virus diagnostic procedures are being replaced by sensitive immunoassays with lanthanides. The time resolved fluorescence based technique is generally applicable and its performance has also been tested in the assay of viral antigens in clinical specimens. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Products of carotenoid degradation such as ionones, damascones and damascenones are also important fragrance chemicals that are used extensively in the perfumes and fragrance industry. Both β-damascenone and β-ionone although low in concentration in rose distillates are the key odor-contributing compounds in flowers. I... | 5 | Photochemistry |
During sewage treatment, 5β-coprostanol may be converted to 5β-cholestan-3α-ol form, epi-coprostanol. There is also a slow conversion of 5β-coprostanol to epi-coprostanol in the environment and so this ratio will indicate either the degree of treatment of sewage or its age in the environment. A cross-plot of the 5β-cop... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The reaction rate varies depending upon what substances are reacting. Acid/base reactions, the formation of salts, and ion exchange are usually fast reactions. When covalent bond formation takes place between the molecules and when large molecules are formed, the reactions tend to be slower.
The nature and strength of ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When the two bodies come in contact, surface deformation may occur on both bodies. This deformation may either be plastic or elastic, depending on the material properties and the contact pressure. When a surface undergoes plastic deformation, contact resistance is lowered, since the deformation causes the actual contac... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In systematics, an ideotype is a specimen identified as belonging to a specific taxon by the author of that taxon, but collected from somewhere other than the type locality.
The concept of ideotype in plant breeding was introduced by Donald in 1968 to describe the idealized appearance of a plant variety. It literally m... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Related to the title concept are the ideas of a van der Waals volume, V, and a van der Waals surface area, abbreviated variously as A, vdWSA, VSA, and WSA.
A van der Waals surface area is an abstract conception of the surface area of atoms or molecules from a mathematical estimation, either computing it from first pri... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
For polyatomic molecules, progressions are most often observed when the change in bond lengths upon electronic excitation coincides with the change due to a ″totally symmetric″ vibration. This is the same process that occurs in resonance Raman spectroscopy. For example, in formaldehyde (methanal), HCO, the n → π* trans... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Thermal degradation of DOC has been found at high-temperature hydrothermal ridge-flanks, where outflow DOC concentrations are lower than in the inflow. While the global impact of these processes has not been investigated, current data suggest it is a minor DOC sink. Abiotic DOC flocculation is often observed during rap... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Imines are common ligands in coordination chemistry. Particularly popular examples are found with Schiff base ligands derived from salicylaldehyde, the salen ligands. Metal-catalyzed reactions of imines proceed through such complexes. In classical coordination complexes, imines bind metals through nitrogen. For low-... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Adenylylation, more commonly known as AMPylation, is a process in which an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to the amino acid side chain of a protein. This covalent addition of AMP to a hydroxyl side chain of the protein is a post-translational modification. Adenylylation involves a phospho... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nitric acid reacts with proteins to form yellow nitrated products. This reaction is known as the xanthoproteic reaction. This test is carried out by adding concentrated nitric acid to the substance being tested, and then heating the mixture. If proteins that contain amino acids with aromatic rings are present, the mixt... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
TMSCl is prepared on a large scale by the direct process, the reaction of methyl chloride with a silicon-copper alloy. The principal target of this process is dimethyldichlorosilane, but substantial amounts of the trimethyl and monomethyl products are also obtained. The relevant reactions are (Me = methyl, ):
Typicall... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Generally the conductivity of a solution increases with temperature, as the mobility of the ions increases. For comparison purposes reference values are reported at an agreed temperature, usually 298 K (≈ 25 °C or 77 °F), although occasionally 20 °C (68 °F) is used. So called compensated measurements are made at a conv... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Fibulin (FY-beau-lin) (now known as Fibulin-1 FBLN1) is the prototypic member of a multigene family, currently with seven members. Fibulin-1 is a calcium-binding glycoprotein. In vertebrates, fibulin-1 is found in blood and extracellular matrices. In the extracellular matrix, fibulin-1 associates with basement membra... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chloramphenicol is a rare example of a naturally occurring nitro compound. At least some naturally occurring nitro groups arose by the oxidation of amino groups. 2-Nitrophenol is an aggregation pheromone of ticks.
Examples of nitro compounds are rare in nature. 3-Nitropropionic acid found in fungi and plants (Indigofer... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Yeast artificial chromosome are used as vectors to clone DNA fragments of more than 1 mega base (1Mb=1000kb) in size. They are useful in cloning larger DNA fragments as required in mapping genomes such as in the Human Genome Project. It contains a telomeric sequence, an autonomously replicating sequence (features requi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Norrish reaction has been studied in relation to environmental chemistry with respect to the photolysis of the aldehyde heptanal, a prominent compound in Earth's atmosphere. Photolysis of heptanal in conditions resembling atmospheric conditions results in the formation of 1-pentene and acetaldehyde in 62% chemical ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
*[http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/absorb.html The SSRL Absorption Package] —
*[http://www.gwyndafevans.co.uk/chooch.html CHOOCH] —
*[http://www.hwi.buffalo.edu/SnB/ Shake-and-Bake] (SnB) —
*[http://shelx.uni-ac.gwdg.de/SHELX/ SHELX] — | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
To conduct a topographic experiment, three groups of instruments are required: an x-ray source, potentially including appropriate x-ray optics; a sample stage with sample manipulator (diffractometer); and a two-dimensionally resolving detector (most often X-ray film or camera). | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
-Photo-leucine is a synthetic derivative of the -leucine amino acid that is used as its natural analog and is characterized for having photo-reactivity, which makes it suitable for observing and characterizing protein-protein interactions (PPI). When a protein containing this amino acid (A) is exposed to
ultraviolet li... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Two-color microarrays or two-channel microarrays are typically hybridized with cDNA prepared from two samples to be compared (e.g. diseased tissue versus healthy tissue) and that are labeled with two different fluorophores. Fluorescent dyes commonly used for cDNA labeling include Cy3, which has a fluorescence emission ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A positive balance is a result of energy intake being higher than what is consumed in external work and other bodily means of energy expenditure.
The main preventable causes are:
*Overeating, resulting in increased energy intake
*Sedentary lifestyle, resulting in decreased energy expenditure through external work
A pos... | 1 | Biochemistry |
** States: Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan Oblast
** Districts: North Caucasian Federal District, Southern Russia | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The equation parameter m, called the sensitivity factor of solvolysis, describes the compound’s ability to form the carbocation intermediate in given solvent system. It is the slope of the plot of log(k/k) vs Y values. Since the reference reaction has little solvent nucleophilic assistance, the reactions with m equal t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Suppose that a Hamiltonian is slowly time-varying, for example, a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator with a changing frequency:
The action J of a classical orbit is the area enclosed by the orbit in phase space:
Since J is an integral over a full period, it is only a function of the energy. When the Hamiltonian is con... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Intuitively, the slightly deformed eigenfunctions of the full Hamiltonian H are the in and out states. The are noninteracting states that resemble the in and out states in the infinite past and infinite future. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Biochar is charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass waste. The resulting material is added to a landfill or used as a soil improver to create terra preta. Addition of pyrogenic organic carbon (biochar) is a novel strategy to increase the soil-C stock for the long term and to mitigate global warming by offsetting the at... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Dai is editor of books including:
* Hai-Lung Dai, Robert W. Field (editors) (1995). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31901502 Molecular dynamics and spectroscopy by stimulated emission pumping]. Singapore; New Jersey; London; Hong Kong: World Scientific. .
* Hai-Lung Dai, Wilson Ho (editors) (1995). [https://www.worldcat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The transposed Paternò−Büchi reaction involves a ππ* excited state of alkene reacting with a ground state carbonyl functionality. This is reversal of the traditional Paternò−Büchi reaction where an excited carbonyl group reacts with a ground state alkene. This strategy was first reported by Sivaguru and co-workers with... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 1965, Rice and Whitehead published the seminal contribution to the theory of the transport of electrolyte solutions in long (ideally infinite) nanometer-diameter capillaries.
Briefly, the potential, ϕ, at a radial distance, r, is given by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation,
where κ is the inverse Debye length,
determin... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the sum of the aqueous species of inorganic carbon in a solution. Carbon compounds can be distinguished as either organic or inorganic, and as dissolved or particulate, depending on their composition. Organic carbon forms the backbone of key component of organic compounds such as – p... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Another class of high performance polymer frameworks with regular porosity and high surface area is based on triazine materials which can be achieved by dynamic trimerization reaction of simple, cheap, and abundant aromatic nitriles in ionothermal conditions (molten zinc chloride at high temperature (400 °C)). CTF-1 is... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The two forms of inorganic arsenic, reduced (trivalent As(III)) and oxidized (pentavalent As(V)), can be absorbed, and accumulated in tissues and body fluids. In the liver, the metabolism of arsenic involves enzymatic and non-enzymatic methylation; the most frequently excreted metabolite (≥ 90%) in the urine of mammals... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the 1920s Davenport and Bain discovered a new steel microstructure which they provisionally called martensite-troostite, due to it being intermediate between the already known low-temperature martensite phase and what was then known as troostite (now fine-pearlite). This microstructure was subsequently named bainite... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The European Union defines a VOC as "any organic compound as well as the fraction of creosote, having at 293.15 K a vapour pressure of 0,01 kPa or more, or having a corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use;". The VOC Solvents Emissions Directive was the main policy instrument for the reduction of... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Winemaking is legal in most countries. However, kilju is fermented from pure carbohydrates like white sugar (a plant extract) instead of grapes. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The hydrolysis of oximes proceeds easily by heating in the presence of various inorganic acids, and the oximes decompose into the corresponding ketones or aldehydes, and hydroxylamines. The reduction of oximes by sodium metal, sodium amalgam, hydrogenation, or reaction with hydride reagents produces amines. Typically t... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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