Title,Content
Tourism,"Tourism is travel for pleasure or business, and the commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel.  The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go ""beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only"", as people ""travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes"". Tourism can be domestic (within the traveller's own country) or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments.
Tourism numbers declined as a result of a strong economic slowdown (the late-2000s recession) between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, and in consequence of the outbreak of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, but slowly recovered until the COVID-19 pandemic put an abrupt end to the growth. The United Nations World Tourism Organization estimated that global international tourist arrivals might decrease by 58% to 78% in 2020, leading to a potential loss of US$0.9–1.2 trillion in international tourism receipts.Globally, international tourism receipts (the travel item in the balance of payments) grew to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in 2005, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012. Emerging source markets such as China, Russia, and Brazil had significantly increased their spending over the previous decade.Global tourism accounts for c. 8% of global greenhouse-gas emissions. Emissions as well as other significant environmental and social impacts are not always beneficial to local communities and their economies. For this reason, many tourist development organizations have begun to focus on sustainable tourism to mitigate the negative effects caused by the growing impact of tourism. The United Nations World Tourism Organization emphasized these practices by promoting tourism as part of the Sustainable Development Goals, through programs like the International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development in 2017, and programs like Tourism for SDGs focusing on how SDG 8, SDG 12 and SDG 14 implicate tourism in creating a sustainable economy.Tourism has reached new dimensions with the emerging industry of space tourism as well as the current industry with cruise ships, there are many different ways of tourism. Another potential new tourism industry is virtual tourism."
Bibliography of tourism,"This is a bibliography of works related the subject of tourism.
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people ""traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes""."
Outline of tourism,"Tourism – travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the traveller's country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go ""beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only"", as people ""traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes"".

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Aburi Botanical Gardens,"Aburi Botanical Gardens is a garden in Aburi in the Eastern Region of Ghana. 
Today, in the 21st century, one cannot talk about horticulture in Ghana and West Africa without talking about the Aburi Botanical Gardens. The Garden occupies an area of 64.8 hectares. It was opened in March 1890 and was founded by Governor William Brandford-Griffith and Dr. John Farrell Easmon, a Sierra Leonean medical doctor. Before the garden was established, it was the site of a sanatorium built in 1875 for Gold Coast government officials. During the governorship of William Brandford-Griffith, a Basel missionary and Jamaican Moravian, Alexander Worthy Clerk, supervised the clearing of land around the sanatorium to start the Botanic Department. In 1890 William Crowther, a student from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, was appointed the garden's first curator. The gardens played an important role in encouraging cocoa production in South Ghana, by supplying cheap cocoa seedlings and information about scientific farming methods. After Hevea brasiliensis was sent to Aburi from Kew in 1893, the gardens also encouraged rubber production in Ghana.In May 2019, the chief of Aburi, Otoobour Djan Kwasi II, called for the privatization of the Aburi Botanical Gardens. He was of the view that it was going to be an opportunity to invite investment to the tourist facility. He said the private investment could revitalize the Gardens and enhance its tourism potential to improve business in the area. 
Aburi Botanic Garden has had many roles over the years including plant introduction and teaching scientific methods of agriculture but today is one of the many institutions leading the fight to save plant diversity through research, growing endangered plants, plant multiplication, horticultural training, and environmental education.

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Allotment (travel industry),"Allotments in the tourism industry are used to designate a certain block of pre-negotiated carrier seats or hotel rooms which have been bought out and held by a travel organizer with a huge buying power like a wholesaler, tour operator or hotel consolidator, and more rarely by a retail travel agent.Allotments can be purchased for a specific period of time such as a whole season, part of a season or for any single dates and then resold to travel partners and final customers around the globe. A couple of days prior to carrier departure/hotel check-in any unsold seats/rooms may be released back to the supplier if such an agreement exists between the two parties. An allotment release back period is also negotiated as part of the allotment contract (e.g. four days prior to check-in/departure).

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Destination management,"A destination management company (DMC) is a professional services company with local knowledge, expertise and resources, working in the design and implementation of events, activities, tours, transportation and program logistics.
There are very few destination management organizations. Management implies control, and rarely does a tourism organisation have control over the destination's resources, such as in the case of the New Zealand government's development of the resort town of Rotorua in the first half of the 20th century. The majority of these entities are regarded as destination marketing organizations.A DMC provides a ground service based on local knowledge of their given destinations. These services can be transportation, hotel accommodation, restaurants, activities, excursions, conference venues, themed events, gala dinners and logistics, meetings, incentive schemes as well as helping with overcoming language barriers. By acting as purchasing consortia, DMCs can provide preferential rates based on the buying power they have with their preferred suppliers."
Dynamic packaging,"Dynamic packaging is a method used in package holiday bookings to enable consumers to build their own package of flights, accommodation, and car rental instead of purchasing a pre-defined package. Dynamic packages differ from traditional package tours in that the pricing is always based on current availability, escorted group tours are rarely included, and trip-specific add-ons such as airport parking and show tickets are often available.  Dynamic packages are similar in that often the air, hotel, and car rates are available only as part of a package or only from a specific seller.  The term ""dynamic packaging"" is often used incorrectly to describe the less sophisticated process of interchanging various travel components within a package, however, this practice is more accurately described as ""dynamic bundling"".  True dynamic packaging demands the automated recombination of travel components based on the inclusion of rules that not only dictate the content of the package but also conditional pricing rules based on various conditions such as the trip characteristics, suppliers contributing components, the channel of distribution, and terms of sale. Dynamic packages are primarily sold online, but online travel agencies will also sell by phone owing to the strong margins and high sale price of the product.
Dynamic packaging is dynamic at several levels. Firstly, inventory is sourced dynamically, meaning the dynamic packaging solution will source flights, accommodation and car rental components for the package in real-time. Secondly, these components are dynamically combined into packages. Thirdly, the package is dynamically priced and is usually given an opaque total price.

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Geomorphosite,"A geomorphosite, or geomorphological heritage site, is a landform or an assemblage of landforms that have a scientific, educational, historic-cultural, aesthetic or socio-economic value.
Geomorphosites are included among the geoheritage sites (geosites) and may comprise landforms (or sites of former landforms) that have been hidden or destroyed due to human activities, as well as anthropogenic landforms of archaeological or historical interest.The value of a geomorphosite, for purposes of analysis, comparison and protection, can be qualitatively assessed using several methods. Some of these methods are based only on expert judgements and a few evaluation criteria, while others involve assigning a qualitative score to each relevant characteristic of a site (e.g. its scientific importance, educational value etc.) and then weighting and summing (or ranking) the scores to obtain the site's overall value (or rank)."
Heli hiking,"Heli hiking is a recreational activity in which a helicopter is used to access remote areas of the back country for hiking. These locations are typically inaccessible through other forms of transportation. Along with heli skiing, heli hiking is one of the most popular forms of heli tourism. It falls within the broad category of amateur adventure or activity-based tourism. It is a seasonal commercial backcountry industry, which also includes mountaineering and kayaking.Heli hiking is a form of mountain recreation in the mountainous regions of New Zealand and the Bugaboos in Canada. It is a form of glacier tourism in locations including Glacier Bay National Park, Westland Tai Poutini National Park, and Ilulissat Icefjord."
Heritage commodification,"Heritage commodification is the process by which cultural themes and expressions come to be evaluated primarily in terms of their exchange value, specifically within the context of cultural tourism. These cultural expressions and aspects of heritage become ""cultural goods,"" transformed into commodities to be bought, sold and profited from in the heritage tourism industry. In the context of modern globalization, complex and often contradictory layers of meaning are produced in local societies, and the marketing of one's cultural expressions can degrade a particular culture while simultaneously assisting in its integration into the global economy. The repatriation of profits, or ""leakage"", that occurs with the influx of tourist capital into a heritage tourist site (including handicraft vendors, food vendors, basket makers, and several other items that are produced locally and rely upon tourist capital) is a crucial part of any sustainable development that can be considered beneficial to local communities. Modern heritage tourism reproduces an economic dynamic that is dependent upon capital from tourists and corporations in creating sustained viability. Tourism is often directly tied to economic development, so many populations see globalization as providing increased access to vital medical services and important commodities.
The tourism industry has been rapidly growing during the past two decades, and the expansion will probably continue well into the future.  There were nearly one billion tourist arrivals in 2008(to where?), compared to only twenty-five million in 1950. Moreover, in 2008, tourism directly accounted for nearly one trillion US dollars. Worldwide, approximately five percent of GDP is generated by tourism, and a similar proportion of people are employed in the tourism industry. As each individual culture positioned for tourism needs a particular ""selling point"" in order to attract tourist capital, certain aspects of their heritage are allowed to be appropriated in order to give the tourist the impression that he or she is receiving an ""authentic"" experience. In this way, tourism also provides opportunities for communities to define who they are and bolster their identities through the commodification of certain cultural aspects that the community deems important and worthy of reproduction. Tourist destinations must have a specific set of characteristics that set themselves apart from every other destination, and this is where local communities choose how they will represent themselves to the world. This power to create an identity and reproduce the mechanisms of a group's identity in the realm of cultural tourism allows local populations to express their ethnic pride and ""imbue places and events with identities that best represent their particular interests and values""."
Impacts of tourism,"Tourism impacts tourist destinations in both positive and negative ways, encompassing economic, socio-cultural, and environmental dimensions. The traditionally-described domains of tourism impacts are economic, socio-cultural, and environmental. The economic effects of tourism encompass improved tax revenue, personal income growth, enhanced living standards, and the creation of additional employment opportunities. Sociocultural impacts are associated with interactions between people with differing cultural backgrounds, attitudes and behaviors, and relationships to material goods. Environmental impacts can be categorized as direct effects including degradation of habitat, vegetation, air quality, bodies of water, the water table, wildlife, and changes in natural phenomena, and indirect effects, such as increased harvesting of natural resources to supply food, indirect air and water pollution (including from flights, transport and the manufacture of food and souvenirs for tourists).
Tourism also has positive and negative health outcomes for local people. The short-term negative impacts of tourism on residents' health are related to the density of tourist's arrivals, the risk of disease transmission, road accidents, higher crime levels, as well as traffic congestion, crowding, and other stressful factors. In addition, residents can experience anxiety and depression related to their risk perceptions about mortality rates, food insecurity, contact with infected tourists, etc., which can result in negative mental health outcomes. At the same time, there are positive long-term impacts of tourism on residents' health and well-being outcomes through improving healthcare access positive emotions, novelty, and social interactions."
Infinity des Lumières,"Infinity des Lumières is an immersive digital art museum in Dubai opened in 2021.

The museum is located on the 2nd level of The Dubai Mall facing Galeries Lafayette.

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International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism,"The International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism (AIEST, Association internationale d'experts scientifiques du tourisme ) is an international organisation of scientific and practical experts in tourism. It was founded in 1951. The proceedings of its annual conference have been published in journals including Journal of Travel Research and Anatolia.It published the journal Tourism Review until 2016. The journal is now published by Emerald.

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International tourism,"International tourism is tourism that crosses national borders. Globalisation has made tourism a popular global leisure activity. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people ""traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes"". The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 500,000 people are in flight at any one time.
In 2010, international tourism reached US$919B, growing 6.5% over 2009, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 4.7%. In 2010, there were over 940 million international tourist arrivals worldwide. By 2016 that number had risen to 1,235 million, producing 1,220  billion USD in destination spending. The COVID-19 crisis had significant negative effects on international tourism significantly slowing the overall increasing trend.
International tourism has significant impacts on the environment, exacerbated in part by the problems created by air travel but also by other issues, including wealthy tourists bringing lifestyles that stress local infrastructure, water and trash systems among others."
Leakage effect,"In the study of tourism, the leakage is the way in which revenue generated by tourism is lost to other countries' economies. Leakage may be so significant in some developing countries that it partially neutralizes the money generated by tourism."
Maurice-Mollard Plaza,"Maurice-Mollard Plaza, named after a former mayor of the town, is a public square in the historical center of Aix-les-Bains, in western Savoy. Rich in history, the square has undergone many changes over the centuries. It is home to a number of architectural monuments, some of which are listed as historical monuments: the Arch of Campanus and the Temple of Diana date back to Roman times; the 18th-century National Thermal Baths were partially built on the foundations of former Roman thermal baths; and the Town Hall which was originally a feudal castle. The latter is also home to an archaeological museum housing the Roman remains of Aquae, the ancient name of Aix-les-Bains.
The square provides access to a number of public services, including the registry office and the municipal council, as well as the tourist office housed in the national thermal baths. Numerous events are organized in the square, such as the ""corrida des lumières"" (light bullfight), and the departure point of the town's tourist train circuit.

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Overtourism,"Overtourism is the congestion or overcrowding from an excess of tourists, resulting in conflicts with locals.  The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines overtourism as ""the impact of tourism on a destination, or parts thereof, that excessively influences perceived quality of life of citizens and/or quality of visitor experiences in a negative way"". This definition shows how overtourism can be observed both among locals, who view tourism as a disruptive factor that increasingly burdens daily life, as well as visitors, who may regard high numbers of tourists as a nuisance.
The term has only been used frequently since 2015, but is now the most commonly used expression to describe the negative impacts ascribed to tourism.

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Souvenir,"A souvenir  (from French 'a remembrance or memory'), memento, keepsake, or token of remembrance, is an object a person acquires for the memories the owner associates with it. A souvenir can be any object that can be collected or purchased and transported home by the traveler as a memento of a visit. The object itself may have intrinsic value, or be a symbol of experience. Without the owner's input, the symbolic meaning is lost and cannot be articulated.

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Souvenir spoon,"A souvenir spoon is a decorative spoon used as a memento of a place or to display as a 'trophy' of having been there. The spoons may be made from a number of different materials such as sterling silver, nickel, steel, and in some cases wood. They are often hung on a spoon rack and are typically ornamental, depicting sights, coat of arms, associated characters, etc. The year the spoon was made may be inscribed in the bowl, or on the back. The entire spoon, including the bowl, handle, and finial may be used to convey the theme.
The first souvenir spoons in the United States were made in 1890 by Galt & Bros., Inc. of Washington D.C., featuring the profile of George Washington. Although the George Washington spoon was one of the most popular designs, relatively few made by Galt & Bro. remain in circulation. One year later, a souvenir Salem Witch spoon was made, and sold seven thousand copies. It was created by Daniel Low, a jeweler in Salem, Massachusetts, after he saw souvenir spoons on vacation in Germany. The Witch Spoon is given credit for starting the souvenir spoon hobby in the U.S."
Terminal tourism,"Terminal tourism refers to non-passengers accessing businesses and facilities within airport terminals. Individuals without tickets who access businesses and facilities in airport terminals are referred to as terminal tourists. Reasons for engaging in terminal tourism, include access to shopping and restaurants, aircraft spotting, and accompanying traveling family members. Traditionally, the general public had unrestricted access to businesses and facilities within airport terminals, however after the September 11 attacks in the United States, access in some airports was restricted to either higher security or limiting access only to ticketed passengers and employees.

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Tour operator,"A tour operator is a business that typically combines and organizes accommodations, meals, sightseeing and transportation components, in order to create a package tour. They advertise and produce brochures to promote their products, holidays and itineraries. Tour operators can sell directly to the public or sell through travel agents or a combination of both.
The most common example of a tour operator's product would be a flight on a charter airline, plus a transfer from the airport to a hotel and the services of a local representative, all for one price. Each tour operator may specialise in certain destinations, e.g. Italy, activities and experiences, e.g. skiing, or a combination thereof."
Tour-realism,"Tour-realism (T.R.) is a new trend in alternative tourism. It differs from both mass tourism and ""independent tourism"", a type of tourism involving absolutely no mediators in the tour organization. 
T.R. operators usually represent the country they live and work in. T.R. operators are known for having advanced knowledge of the culture and history of their country, as well as for having tight and constant connections with local population. Because they are residents of the country, T.R. operators are capable of providing unique services for foreign guests."
Tourism 4.0,"The term Tourism 4.0 originates from the modern paradigm in industry, known as Industry 4.0 and aims to improve the added value to tourism through innovation, knowledge, technology and creativity. Therefore, the aim of Tourism 4.0 is to develop a model of collaboration that minimizes the negative impact of tourism, while at the same time improving the overall experience."
Tourism improvement district,"Tourism Improvement Districts (TIDs) are a type of business improvement district in the United States. The aim of TIDs is increasing the number of overnight visitors using business and services in that area. TIDs are formed through a public–private partnership between the local government and the businesses in a district. TID funds are usually managed by a nonprofit corporation, generally a Convention and Visitors' Bureau, hotel association, or similar destination marketing organization. Typical TID services include marketing programs to raise awareness of the destination, sponsorship of special events that attract overnight visitors, and sales programs to bring in large-group business. Synonymous terms for TIDs include: tourism marketing district, hotel improvement district, and tourism business improvement district.

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Tourism mobility,
Tourist sign,"A tourist sign, often referred to as a brown sign, is a traffic sign whose purpose is to direct visitors to tourist destinations, such as historic buildings, tourist regions, caravan or camp sites, picnic areas, sporting facilities or museums. By international convention brown signs with white lettering and white pictograms are often used for this purpose.
In the mid-1970s tourist signs were introduced in France. Since that time the idea of directing tourists to sights and attractions using a uniform type of signage has spread around the world. In Germany these tourist signs were first used in 1984. It is not clear which of the two signs, to the Löwensteiner Berge or to Burg Teck, was first erected there."
Tourist tax,"A tourist tax is any revenue-generating measure targeted at tourists. It is a means of combating overtourism and a form of tax exporting (partial shifting of tax burden to non-citizens or non-residents). The tourist industry typically campaigns against the taxes. It is separate from value-added tax and other taxes that tourists may pay, but are also paid by residents.

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Touristification,Touristification is a process by which a place changes as it becomes an object of tourist consumption. It leads to negative implications for the touristified place and has received both informal and formal opposition.
Touron,"Touron is a derogatory term combining the words ""Tourist"" with ""Moron"" to describe any person who, while on vacation, commits an act of pure stupidity. The term is considered park ranger slang that describes how some tourists act when entering a national park. The phrase indicates an act of ignorance and is known to be used in different subcultures. It is also used to describe tourists in general when they are outside their normal ""comfort zone"".

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Travel,"Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations. Travel can be done by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, ship or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip. Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements, as in the case of tourism."
Travel technology,"Travel technology (also called tourism technology, and hospitality automation) is the application of Information Technology (IT) or Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in the travel, tourism and hospitality industry.  Some forms of travel technology are flight tracking, pre-travel planning through online travel agencies, and systems that allow tourists to review their experiences.
Travel technology was originally associated with the computer reservations system (CRS) of the airlines industry, but is now used more inclusively, incorporating the broader tourism sector as well as its subset the hospitality industry."
Travelers' diarrhea,"Travelers' diarrhea (TD) is a stomach and intestinal infection. TD is defined as the passage of unformed stool (one or more by some definitions, three or more by others) while traveling. It may be accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, headache and bloating. Occasionally bloody diarrhea may occur. Most travelers recover within three to four days with little or no treatment. About 12% of people may have symptoms for a week.Bacteria are responsible for more than half of cases, typically via foodborne illness and waterborne diseases. The bacteria enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are typically the most common except in Southeast Asia, where Campylobacter is more prominent. About 10 to 20 percent of cases are due to norovirus. Protozoa such as Giardia may cause longer term disease. The risk is greatest in the first two weeks of travel and among young adults. People affected are more often from the developed world.Recommendations for prevention include eating only properly cleaned and cooked food, drinking bottled water, and frequent hand washing. The oral cholera vaccine, while effective for cholera, is of questionable use for travelers' diarrhea. Preventive antibiotics are generally discouraged. Primary treatment includes rehydration and replacing lost salts (oral rehydration therapy). Antibiotics are recommended for significant or persistent symptoms, and can be taken with loperamide to decrease diarrhea. Hospitalization is required in less than 3 percent of cases.Estimates of the percentage of people affected range from 20 to 50 percent among travelers to the developing world. TD is particularly common among people traveling to Asia (except for Japan and Singapore), the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and Central and South America. The risk is moderate in Southern Europe, Russia, and China. TD has been linked to later irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain–Barré syndrome. It has colloquially been known by a number of names, including ""Montezuma's revenge,"" the ""Nile runs"" and ""Delhi belly"".

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Welcome sign,"A welcome sign (or gateway sign) is a road sign at the border of a jurisdiction or region that introduces or welcomes visitors to the city/county/state/province/prefecture/canton/region.  Examples of welcome signs can be found near political borders, such as when entering a state, province, county, city, or town, and they are increasingly found in neighborhoods and private communities.  In European countries under the Schengen Agreement, a welcome sign may be found at borders between countries. Its purpose is partly informational, to inform drivers where they are, and partly for tourism, as it affords an opportunity to advertise features within the region to people who are entering it.  A welcome sign is a type of town sign—a sign placed at the entrance to and exit from a city, town, or village. In many jurisdictions, the format of town signs is standardized; in some, welcome signs may be distinct from the legally mandated town sign.
A municipality's welcome sign may give its population or date of foundation, list twinned towns or services within the town, or depict the town's crest, typical local products, or the logo of sponsor organizations which maintain the sign (such as the local Lions Club).

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Tourism in Buenos Aires,"According to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) the travel and tourism sector of Argentina was moving towards recovering its pre-covid pandemic contribution to GDP in mid-2023, led by Buenos Aires."
Sítio Morrinhos,"Sítio Morrinhos (""Morrinhos Farm"") or Chácara de São Bento (""São Bento Farm"") is an architectural complex, which consists of a main house built during the 18th century and a few annexed buildings from the 19th and 20th centuries. It is part of the collection of Historic Houses, under the responsibility of the Museum of the City of São Paulo, in Brazil. It was previously managed by the Department of Historic Heritage (DPH) of the Municipal Secretariat of Culture of São Paulo.
The site also houses the São Paulo Museum and Archeology Center, whose collection and administration are still under DPH's responsibility. Coordinated by Paula Nishida, the site is dedicated to excavations and scientific research by the Department of the Municipal Secretariat of Culture. The museum's collection contains around 1 million pieces."
List of busiest city airport systems by passenger traffic,"The world's busiest city airport systems by passenger traffic are measured by total number of passengers from all airports within a city or metropolitan area combined. London, with six commercial airports serving its metropolitan area, is the busiest city airport system in the world, although Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport is the world's busiest individual airport."
List of airports in the Arthur area,"The following active airports serve the area around Arthur, Ontario, Canada:"
Aviation in the New York metropolitan area,"The New York metropolitan area has the busiest airport system in the United States and the second busiest in the world after London. It is also the most frequently used port of entry and departure for international flights. In 2011, more than 104 million passengers used the airports under the auspices of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ). The number increased to 117 million in 2014.The metro area is served by three major airports, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) and LaGuardia Airport (LGA), which have been operated by the Port Authority since 1947. The International Air Transport Association airport code (IATA code) ""NYC"" is reserved to refer to these three airports. JFK and Newark are connected to regional rail systems by AirTrain JFK and AirTrain Newark respectively.
The class B airspace used by the three airports is extremely congested. Despite caps placed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) limiting the number of flights per hour, they rank among the top five in the United States for delays. In 2012, travel guide Frommer's rated three terminals in the region as the worst in the world: JFK Terminal 3, Newark Terminal B and LGA's US Airways terminal. It rated Terminal 5 at JFK as the best in the U.S. The metro area airports also ranked low in 2017 consumer surveys.In addition to JFK, EWR, and LGA, there are satellite or reliever airports in the metro area which provide additional commercial air carrier service, albeit on a much smaller scale, as well as numerous general aviation airports, heliports, and seaplane bases."
"List of airports in the Bala, Ontario area","The following active airports serve the area around Bala, Ontario, Canada:"
List of airports in the Bracebridge area,"The following active airports serve the area around Bracebridge, Ontario, Canada:"
List of airports in the Calgary area,"The following is a list of active airports that serve the area around Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Airport names in italics are part of the National Airports System."
Airports in Chicago,
List of airports in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region,"The following active airports serve the Edmonton Metropolitan Region in Alberta, Canada. Airport names in italics are part of the National Airports System. Communities in parentheses () indicates the airport is not in a community."
List of airports in the Fergus area,"The following active airports serve the area around Fergus, Ontario, Canada:"
List of airports in the Fort McMurray area,"The following active airports serve the area around Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada:"
List of airports in the Fort Simpson area,"The following active airports serve the area around Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada:"
List of airports in the Lethbridge area,"The following active airports serve the area around Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada:"
List of airports in the Los Angeles area,"The following is a list of airports in Greater Los Angeles, the second-largest urban region area in the United States, encompassing the five counties in Southern California that surround the city of Los Angeles.
The region is served by five airports with commercial air service, which combined, served 114 million passengers in 2019. The region also hosts a major cargo airport, four military airfields, and two dozen general aviation airports."
"List of airports in the London, Ontario area","The following active airports serve the area around London, Ontario, Canada:"
List of airports in the Greater Manila Area,"This is a list of airports in the Greater Manila Area, the most populous urban agglomeration in the Philippines. Though there are several definitions over what comprises the area, for the purposes of this article the entire administrative region of Metro Manila and the surrounding provinces of Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Pampanga and Rizal are considered its components.
There are currently 1 airport, but consist of 4 terminals. This are Terminal 1 located at Paranque near at Duty Free Market and SnR market, Terminal 2 which located at Paranque also near at CAAP, Terminal 3 located in Pasay near Resort World Manila and other Hotel like Mariott Hotel, etc. The last one Terminal 4 located in Pasay near at Cebu Pacific Office, AirAsia office, and LTO Land Transportation Office. However, the majority of passenger traffic goes through Metro Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), which is the Philippines' busiest airport and major hub. Clark International Airport, which has been developed into an alternate international gateway, also sees a significant amount of traffic. Subic Bay International Airport (SBIA), although classified as an international airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), currently only hosts domestic flights."
List of airports in the Melbourne area,"The following are active airports serving the Melbourne area.

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List of airports in the Montreal area,"The following active airports serve the area around Montreal, Quebec, Canada, lying underneath or immediately adjacent to Montreal's terminal control area:"
List of airports in the Ottawa area,"The following active airports serve the area around Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, lying under or adjacent to Ottawa's terminal control area:"
List of airports in the Parry Sound area,"The following active airports serve the Parry Sound area of Ontario, Canada:
Canadian Coast Guard's Parry Sound Base has a helipad and not linked to nearby water aerodrome CPS1."
"List of airports in Perth, Western Australia","This is a list of airports in Perth, Western Australia."
List of airports in the Port Carling area,"The following active airports serve the Port Carling area of Ontario, Canada:"
List of airports in the Prince Rupert area,"The following active airports serve the area around Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada:"
List of airports in the Red Deer area,"The following active airports serve the area around Red Deer, Alberta, Canada:"
List of airports in the San Diego area,The following is a list of airports in the San Diego Area:
"List of airports in the Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario area","The following active airports serve the Sault Ste. Marie area of Ontario, Canada:"
List of airports in the Thunder Bay area,"The following active airports serve the Thunder Bay area of Ontario, Canada:"
List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area,"The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) contains ten airports, eight heliports, and one water aerodrome. These aviation facilities are situated within and around Toronto and its neighbouring cities, serving airline passengers, regional air travel and commercial cargo transportation. Toronto Pearson International Airport, located mainly in Mississauga, is the busiest airport in Canada and hosts international travel with various airlines. Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport on the Toronto Islands is a regional airport, providing regular services to United States destinations. John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in Hamilton is a base for low-cost carriers that fly domestic and transatlantic routes. Pearson, Bishop, and Hamilton combined served over 53 million passengers in 2018, making Toronto the world's 31st busiest city airport system in the world.
Heliports and water aerodromes are mostly for private use only, mainly by institutions and medical services."
List of airports in the Val-d'Or area,"The following active airports serve the area around Val-d'Or, Quebec, Canada:"
List of airports in the Lower Mainland,"The following active airports serve the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, which is to say Greater Vancouver and the Fraser Valley:"
List of airports in Greater Victoria,"The following active airports serve the Greater Victoria, British Columbia, Canada area:"
List of airports in the Winnipeg area,"This is a list of airports in the Winnipeg area of Manitoba, Canada. Airport names in italics are part of the National Airports System."
Gabriel Hotel,"The Gabriel Hotel is a group of 18th-century buildings located in the Peristyle in Lorient, France. Designed by Jacques Gabriel, it was commissioned by the Compagnie Perpetuelle des Indes to build an auction house for its merchandise.
The two pavilions are built symmetrically and in a classical style. They are located on either side of a main courtyard, surrounded to the south by a two-hectare French garden, and to the north by a parade ground. Destroyed during World War II, it was rebuilt identically between 1956 and 1959.
Reclaimed by the Royal Navy in 1770 after the dissolution of the Compagnie perpétuelle des Indes, it was used by its staff for almost two centuries. In 2008, the municipality of Lorient bought the buildings and installed its archives and architecture and heritage services.

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2014 Amsterdam drug deaths,"On 25 November 2014 two British tourists aged 20 and 21 died in a hotel room in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, after snorting white heroin that was sold as cocaine by a street dealer. The bodies were found less than a month after another British tourist died in similar circumstances. At least 17 other people have had medical treatment after taking the white heroin. Health authorities in Amsterdam are warning of the dangerous drugs being sold. Large signs were set up at popular tourist locations in the city. An award of €15,000 is offered for tips about the dealer of the drugs. On 20 January 2015 the last warning signs were removed from the city as there had been no further incidents.In the night of 25 February 2015, three Danish tourists became unwell after using white heroin, but left the hospital later. The police spread video material of the alleged seller. The warning signs returned in the streets in Amsterdam and flyers and posters were deployed at crucial places in the city. People could also test their drugs at 30 sites in the city.The man who sold the drugs in February 2015 was Flip S. from Amsterdam. In court there was not enough evidence that he was also the dealer of the drugs causing the other incidents. There was no evidence he sold the drugs to harm people. In February 2016, he was sentenced to one year in prison for dealing drugs and not taking proper precautions like testing his drugs beforehand."
Döñgelek Square,"Döñgelek Square (Circular Square) is a city square in Astana, Kazakhstan. It was created in 2003. The square is located in front of KazMunayGas headquarters and features many shops and restaurants. The square is built in two tiers. The lower one is designed for pedestrians, and the upper one is intended for vehicles. There are also fountains in the square."
List of tourist attractions in Baku,"Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, receives 2.5 million tourists a year. According to Ilya Umansky, vice president of the Association of Tour Operators of Russia, Baku has become a more popular tourist destination in recent years."
Tourism in Bangkok,"Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is one of the world's top tourist destination cities. Each year, approximately 22.7 million international visitors arrive in Bangkok. MasterCard ranked Bangkok as the world's top destination city (by international visitor arrivals in its Global Destination Cities Index), with 15.98 million projected visitors in 2013. It topped the MasterCard Global Destinations Cities Index as the most visited city in the world in 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The city is ranked fourth in cross-border spending, with 14.3 billion dollars projected for 2013, after New York, London and Paris. Euromonitor International ranked Bangkok sixth in its Top City Destinations Ranking for 2011. Bangkok has also been named ""World's Best City"" by Travel + Leisure magazine's survey of its readers for four consecutive years since 2010.As the principal gateway for arriving visitors, Bangkok is visited by the majority of international tourists to the country. Domestic tourism is also prominent. The Department of Tourism recorded 26,861,095 Thai and 11,361,808 foreign visitors to Bangkok in 2010. Lodgings saw 15,031,244 guests, who occupied 49.9 percent of the city's 86,687 hotel rooms. Chinese visitors spend a lot of money and most goes to retailers in Bangkok. Chinese visitors stayed an average of one week in Thailand, spending US$1,000-1,300 each or US$167 per day each.Bangkok's sights, attractions, and city life appeal to diverse groups of tourists. Royal palaces and temples as well as museums constitute its major historical and cultural tourist attractions. Shopping and dining experiences offer a range of choices and prices. The city is also famous for its nightlife. Although Bangkok's reputation for sex tourism is well established, it is downplayed by the government."
Don Mueang International Airport,"Don Mueang International Airport (Thai: ท่าอากาศยานดอนเมือง, RTGS: Tha-akatsayan Don Mueang, pronounced [tʰâː.ʔāː.kàːt.sā.jāːn dɔ̄ːn mɯ̄a̯ŋ] (listen), or colloquially as สนามบินดอนเมือง, pronounced [sā.nǎːm.bīn dɔ̄ːn mɯ̄a̯ŋ]) (IATA: DMK, ICAO: VTBD) is one of two international airports serving the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, the other one being Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK). Before Suvarnabhumi opened in 2006, Don Mueang was previously known as Bangkok International Airport (Thai: ท่าอากาศยานกรุงเทพ, RTGS: Tha-akatsayan Krungthep).
The airport is considered to be one of the world's oldest international airports and Asia's oldest operating airport. It was officially opened as a Royal Thai Air Force base on 27 March 1914, although it had been in use earlier. Commercial flights began in 1924, making it one of the world's oldest commercial airports. The airport consists of Terminal 1 for international flights and Terminal 2 for domestic flights which are connected by a unique glass exterior elevated walkway. The airport also featured an exterior walkway connected to the Amari hotel. The first commercial flight was an arrival by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.In September 2006, Don Mueang Airport was closed and replaced by the newly opened Suvarnabhumi Airport, before reopening on 24 March 2007 after renovations. Since the opening of the new airport, it has become a regional commuter flight hub and the de facto low-cost airline hub. In 2015, it became the world's largest low cost carrier airport.Don Mueang previously carried the IATA code BKK, which was subsequently reassigned to Suvarnabhumi, and was an important hub of Asia and the hub of Thai Airways International prior to its closure. At its peak, it served most air traffic for the entire country, with 80 airlines operating 160,000 flights and handling over 38 million passengers and 700,000 tons of cargo in 2004. It was then the 14th busiest airport in the world and 2nd in Asia by passenger volume. Currently, Don Mueang is the main operating base for Nok Air, Thai AirAsia and Thai Lion Air."
Suvarnabhumi Airport,"Suvarnabhumi Airport (Thai: ท่าอากาศยานสุวรรณภูมิ, RTGS: Tha-akatsayan Suwannaphum, pronounced [tʰâː.ʔāː.kàːt̚.sā.jāːn.sùʔ.wān.nā.pʰūːm] (listen); from Sanskrit स्वर्णभूमि (Svarṇabhūmi), literally 'golden land') (IATA: BKK, ICAO: VTBS), also known unofficially as Bangkok International Airport, is the main international airport serving Bangkok, Thailand. Located mostly in Racha Thewa, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, it covers an area of 3,240 ha (32.4 km2; 8,000 acres), making it one of the biggest international airports in Southeast Asia and a regional hub for aviation. The airport is also a major Cargo Air Freight Hub (20th busiest in 2019), which has a designated Airport Free Zone, as well as road links to the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) on Motorway 7.

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Area around Dositej's Lyceum,"The cultural-historical complex in the area around Dositej's Lyceum is one of the oldest and most important city parts in Belgrade, which centre formed at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century."
Belgrade Fair,"The Belgrade Fair (Serbian: Београдски сајам, romanized: Beogradski sajam) is a large complex of three large domes and a dozen of smaller halls which is the location of the major trade fairs in Belgrade, the capital city of Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Savski Venac, on the right bank of the Sava river. One of the most recognizable landmarks of Belgrade, it is colloquially referred to only as Sajam."
History of Belgrade,"The history of Belgrade dates back to at least 5700 BC. One of the largest prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved from the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region, and after 279 BC Celts conquered the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans during the reign of Augustus, and awarded city rights in the mid 2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times before it became the capital of King Stefan Dragutin (1282–1316). In 1521 Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of a sanjak. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars. Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. The north of Belgrade remained an Habsburg outpost until 1918, when it was merged into the capital city. As a strategic location, the city was battled over in 115 wars and razed to the ground 44 times. Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia (in various forms of governments) from its creation in 1918, to its final dissolution in 2006."
Tourist Organisation of Belgrade,"The Tourist Organization of Belgrade (TOB) is a public service of the Belgrade City Assembly established with the objective to present, develop and promote tourist values of Belgrade, the Serbian capital city. 
In 1995, TOB assumed the legal continuity of the Tourist Federation of Belgrade (Serbian: Turistički savez Beograda), which was founded in 1953."
Call Brussels,"Call Brussels, also known by its hashtag #CallBrussels, was an initiative by which people from around the world could dial public telephones in the Belgian capital Brussels, which were then answered by locals. It was initiated in January 2016 by Belgian tourist organisations to counter negative coverage of the city in relation to Islamist militants based within it. The official video of the initiative was pulled from YouTube after March 2016's Brussels attacks."
Fantasy Kingdom,"The Fantasy Kingdom Complex, commonly known as Fantasy Kingdom, is an entertainment complex in Ashulia, Savar, Bangladesh. Opened on 19 February 2002, the theme park is owned and operated by Concord Entertainment Co. Ltd, a sister concern of Concord Group. The property covers nearly 80 acres (0 sq mi; 0 km2), featuring one theme park, one water parks, dry park and Heritage Corner.

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Tourism in Dubai,"Dubai is one of the world's leading tourism destinations, and tourism in Dubai is a major source of revenue. The city hosted 14.9 million overnight visitors in 2016. In 2018, Dubai was the fourth most-visited city in the world based on the number of international visitors."
Arabian Travel Market,"Arabian Travel Market, known as ATM, is a travel and tourism event, organized annually in Dubai to provide a platform for inbound and outbound tourism professionals in the Middle East and gives information on tourism destinations, accommodation options, tourism attractions and aviation industry in the Middle East and around the world. The event is organized by Reed Exhibitions."
Big Bus Tours,"Big Bus Tours (formerly Les Cars Rouges and The Big Bus Company), is the largest operator of open top bus sightseeing tours founded in May 2011 after ""Les Cars Rouges"" and the ""Big Bus Company"" merged. The company operates in 23 cities of 11 countries with more than 150 buses around the world. The United States is the country with the largest number of cities with Big Bus Tours service. Typically, Big Bus Tours use open top double-decker buses in burgundy and cream-coloured livery."
Brand Dubai,"Brand Dubai is a sub entity under the Government of Dubai Media Office which was described in the law no 2 of 2010 issued by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. It is described on their official website as ""the creative arm of the Government of Dubai Media Office"".Brand Dubai organizes campaigns and events which include the Dubai Metro Music Festival and the #DubaiDestinations initiative."
Death of Lee Bradley Brown,"Lee Bradley Brown (18 June 1971 – 12 April 2011) was a British tourist who died in police custody in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. He was arrested by the Dubai Police Force following an altercation with a Nepalese maid at the Burj Al Arab hotel where he was staying. After being placed in solitary confinement, he was found dead in his cell six days after he was arrested. The circumstances surrounding his death remain disputed. In November 2022, a second UK inquest into Brown's death was opened after the Brown family won a challenge at the UK High Court to overturn the original open verdict."
Mina Seyahi,"Mina Seyahi (Al Mina Al Seyahi) refers to an area in the city of Dubai, UAE. The literal meaning of the phrase ""Al Mina Al Seyahi"" is ""Port of Travellers"". The Mina Seyahi area covers a part of Jumeirah Beach and includes the Dubai International Marine Club (formed in 1986), which includes a 291-berth marina.
The area was set up in the 1980s to promote tourism as well as Water Sports. The Dubai International Marine Club (DIMC) was the first development, formed in 1986 on the instructions of His Highness Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, to form a solid organizational base for Offshore powerboat racing. In April 1986, the first Dubai Offshore Powerboat race was held and attracted 25 boats. By 1995, this number had gone up to 60 boats. Only a few years after its inception, the DIMC was officially recognised when it became the first-ever Arab organisation to be granted full membership of the Union Internationale Motornautique (UIM), the sport's world governing body."
Seawings,"Seawings is an experiential seaplane tour operator based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The company was established in August 2007 and provides scenic aerial experiences, sightseeing tours and private seaplane charters to destinations in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Ras Al Khaimah, Fujairah and Muscat, Oman. Its services include scenic flights, customized excursions, golf, day trips, short sightseeing flights, corporate packages and exclusive aircraft charters to over 25 destinations within the UAE and Oman.Seawings Beyond is a brand of Seawings launched in 2018, offering day and overnight excursions and holidays by private seaplane to fuse scenic flights with luxury experiences to the mountains, beaches and desert island reserves like Sir Bani Yas Island and Zaya Nurai Island."
Talsinki,"Talsinki (sometimes also Hellinna or Hellinn) is a colloquial name for the geographical region of Helsinki, Finland and Tallinn, Estonia, separated by the Gulf of Finland, commonly used when referring to the proposed Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel. The official Euroregion name for the region is Helsinki–Tallinn Euregion.

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Bajeko Sekuwa,"Bajeko Sekuwa means ‘Grandfather's Barbecue' is a Nepali restaurant chain. It was founded by Dinanath Bhandari, opened its first outlet at Sinamangal, Kathmandu. The restaurant serves sekuwas and typical Nepalese cuisine made with a proprietary mix of spices. Bajeko Sekuwa currently has 10 restaurants in operation with five fully owned outlets and rest under franchise model and has expanded its outlets in Chitwan and Pokhara."
Tribhuvan International Airport,"Tribhuvan International Airport (Nepali: त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल) (IATA: KTM, ICAO: VNKT, colloquially referred to as TIA) is an international airport located in Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal. It has a tabletop runway, a domestic terminal and an international terminal. As a main international airport, it connects Nepal to over 40 destinations in 17 countries.
The airport is a hub for two international airlines, the flag carrier Nepal Airlines and Himalaya Airlines, along with multiple domestic carriers. The airport is considered as a starting point for Mount Everest international tourists, with several daily flights to Lukla. Several airlines also offer Everest sightseeing flights out of Kathmandu.
Due to heavy traffic congestion, winter fog and the airport running out of its full capacity, the Government of Nepal 
promoted Gautam Buddha International Airport and Pokhara International Airport as alternative airports in case of necessary diversions."
Agder Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden,"Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Agder  (Norwegian :Naturmuseum og botanisk hage, Universitetet i Agder, formerly Kristiansand Museum and Agder Natural History Museum) is the only natural history museum on the Southern Coast of Norway, located in Kristiansand in Vest-Agder County.

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Baneheia,"Baneheia is a recreational area in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway.  The park is mostly known at the national level from the Baneheia case as the scene of a notorious murder of two girls ages 8 and 10 that took place in 2000. The area lies just north of the centre of the city of Kristiansand and it has hills, lakes, and forest. The Ravnedalen Park lies just to the northwest of Baneheia.  The Baneheia area was given to the citizens of Kristiansand by King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway when the city was founded in 1641."
Bystranda,"Bystranda (The City Beach) is a Blue Flag beach in the southeastern part of the downtown of the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway.  It is located just east of the mouth of the river Otra. The shallow sandy beach by the Kristiansand Boardwalk consists of fine filled sand.
By Bystranda there are seating areas, bathrobes stairs, sand volleyball court, skate ramp, playground, and restrooms. At the plant of the bathing beach was emphasized that it should be accessible to children and the disabled. Bystranda is popular on hot summer days. Close to Bystranda is the indoor water park Aquarama."
Christiansholm Fortress,Christiansholm Fortress (Christiansholm festning) was a Norwegian fortress built to defend the city of Kristiansand.
Flekkerøy,"Flekkerøy or Flekkerøya is an island and residential district in Kristiansand municipality in Agder county, Norway.   The district is located within the borough of Vågsbygd, and it consists of 4 main neighborhoods: Berge/Andås, Kjære, Lindebø/Skålevik, and Mæbø/Høyfjellet.  The district covers all of the island of Flekkerøya which lies within the city of Kristiansand.  Since 1989, the island (and district) has been connected to the mainland through the Flekkerøy Tunnel, a 2,320-metre (7,612 ft) long subsea road tunnel.  The island has 3,632 inhabitants (as of 23 October 2013).  Flekkerøy Church is located on the island."
Hamresanden,"Hamresanden is a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) long beach in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The sandy beach is located at Hamre in the district of Tveit, along the Topdalsfjorden at the mouth of the river Topdalselva.  It is located near Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik. Hamresanden goes from Grovikheia in Hånes to Ve.Hamresanden Camping is a family camp and waterpark located at Hamresanden.  A waterpark was set to open in 2017 under the theme name ""Elias"" but there has been no recent news as to its construction.
Hamresanden is also a neighborhood and the centrum for the district Tveit. Hamresanden is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from downtown Kristiansand. The main road passing through the area is Norwegian National Road 41.There have been archaeological excavations on Hamresanden, where ancient discoveries have been made."
Kristiansand Cannon Museum,"Kristiansand Cannon Museum is a museum at Møvik, 8 kilometers west of the town centre of Kristiansand, Norway.  The museum has collected authentic equipment from a former military installation."
Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park,"The Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park (Norwegian: Kristiansand Dyrepark) is a zoological garden and amusement park situated in of Kristiansand, Norway. It is Norway's most frequently visited attraction, covering an area of 60 hectares (150 acres). Established in 1966, it has been owned by Braganza since 2004.
The Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park has Norway's largest collection of animals. It consists of over a hundred species of animals from around the world, that move freely on a relatively large area.
Amusement attractions include Cardamom Town (Norwegian: Kardemomme by), which is made to look like the town in the book by Thorbjørn Egner, and Captain Sabertooth and pirate village Abra Havn (Abra Harbor), which is taken from a theatre act by the singer and actor Terje Formoe.

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Kvadraturen (Kristiansand),"Kvadraturen is a borough in the city centre of the city of Kristiansand which lies in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It has a population of 6,750 (2015). The borough is made up of the centre together with the harbour to the south and the more rural district of ""Eg"" to the north. Kvadraturen is the administrative centre of the municipality of Kristiansand as well as the administrative centre of Vest-Agder county, but is far smaller in area than the other boroughs in the municipality, such as the borough of Grim to the north and west, and the borough of Lund to the east.
Kvadraturen is the location of the Kristiansand Cathedral and the nearby commercial, pedestrian street is Markens gate.  The city harbour is located along the Kristiansandsfjorden and the island of Odderøya.  The borough has three malls and three high schools. The closest public junior high is ""Grim Skole"" and the closest elementary is Tordenskjoldsgate Skole and is the only remanding elementary in Kvadraturen.  The Sørlandet Hospital Kristiansand is also located in the borough, in the district of Eg.
The main city centre was established as a city on 5 July 1641 by King Christian IV.  The city became a self-governing municipality under the formannskapsdistrikt law on 1 January 1838.  On 1 July 1921, a neighboring part of the municipality of Oddernes (population: 2,164) was transferred from Oddernes to the city of Kristiansand.  During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1965, the city of Kristiansand (population: 27,100) was merged with the neighboring municipalities of Randesund (population: 1,672), Oddernes (population: 18,668), and Tveit (population: 2,802) to form a new, larger municipality of Kristiansand."
"Ravnedalen, Kristiansand","Ravnedalen is a park in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The part is located in the borough of Grim, north of the centre of the city of Kristiansand, just to the northeast of the Baneheia recreation area.  The park was constructed from 1874–1878 by military soldiers under the command of Colonel, later Major General, Joseph Frantz Oscar Wergeland."
Vest-Agder Museum Kristiansand,"Vest-Agder Museum Kristiansand or simply Kristiansand Museum (formerly Vest-Agder Fylkesmuseum) was founded in 1903 and is located in Kristiansand, Norway. Kristiansand Museum consists of a main building with collections and 40 old buildings, grouped by where they previously stood."
Tourist attractions in Lagos,"Lagos State in Nigeria is home to several notable tourist sites. Tourism in Lagos State was first fashioned in 1995 by the Military Administration; ever since then, tourism sites have received thousands of visitors.
In order to increase the viability of tourism, arts and culture in the state, the previous state governor Akinwunmi Ambode in 2015 renamed the tourism ministry responsibilities to the Ministry of Tourism Arts and Culture."
Tourism in Lisbon,"Lisbon is one of the most popular city destinations in Europe. The city of Lisbon and the Lisbon metropolitan area attracts a significant number of tourists each year, drawn to its historical and cultural heritage, good transportation connections and good touristic infrastructure."
Gira (bicycle rental),"Gira is a bike rental scheme in Lisbon, Portugal, which rents bikes to residents and tourists. Bikes with pedal-assist motors (e-bikes) are available in the scheme, which costs €2 a day for tourists and €15 a month or €25 a year for residents. Bikes must be docked at stations around the city, and are free for the first 45 minutes and €2 for each 45 minutes after that. The city hopes that there will be stations in all parishes of the city by 2020 when Lisbon is the European Green Capital.The bikes can be unlocked with an app, although in 2018 there were reports that the app frequently crashed. It has also been reported that there are not enough e-bikes available. As of December 2020, there are 600 conventional and e-bikes in operation, with a further 700 e-bikes to be added in the first quarter of 2021. The number of docking stations will also rise from 84 to 164 by summer 2021."
Hotel Ritz (Lisbon),"The Four Seasons Hotel Ritz Lisbon is a luxury hotel located in the Portuguese capital of Lisbon. It was built in the 1950s on the wishes of the leader of the Portuguese Estado Novo dictatorship, António de Oliveira Salazar, who considered that the capital had no hotel of sufficient quality for important foreign visitors."
Tourism in Milan,"The Italian city of Milan is one of the most-visited tourist destinations in the European Union, with 8.81 million visitors in 2017, putting it 15th in the world when ranked by tourist visits. One source has 56% of international visitors to Milan are from Europe, 44% of the city's tourists are Italian, and 56% are from abroad. The most important European Union markets are the United Kingdom (16%), Germany (9%) and France (6%)."
Exit (festival),"Exit (stylized in all caps; Serbian: Егзит / Egzit) is a summer music festival which is held at the Petrovaradin Fortress in Novi Sad, Serbia. Founded in 2000, it has twice won the Best Major Festival award at the European Festivals Awards, for 2013 and 2017. EXIT has also won the ""Best European Festival"" award at the UK Festival Awards in 2007. In March 2018 Regional Cooperation Council awarded EXIT Festival as Champion of Regional Cooperation for 2017."
Novi Sad Fair,"Novi Sad Fair (Serbian: Новосадски сајам, romanized: Novosadski sajam) is an event management company located in Novi Sad, Serbia, which organizes one of the largest agricultural fairs in Southeast Europe. Taking place every May in Novi Sad, it is also one of the largest agricultural fairs in Europe, with approximately 600,000 visitors attending the event. Novi Sad Fair also organizes other shows, e.g. technology and finance, as well as congresses and exhibitions, which brings in a total of about one million visitors to the city each year."
Lake Ledinci,"Lake Ledinci (Serbian: Лединачко језеро, romanized: Ledinačko jezero) is a small artificial lake on the mountain of Fruška Gora in Serbia, near the city of Novi Sad.
The lake was created during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, when pumps in the abandoned trachyte quarry of Srebro were damaged and stopped pumping the water out of the quarry. The subterranean waters, so as the waters from two creeks, Lukin Svetac and Srebrni potok, began filling the quarry."
Petrovaradin Fortress,"Petrovaradin Fortress (Serbian: Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, pronounced [pɛtrɔʋarǎdiːnskaː tʋř̩dʑaʋa]; Hungarian: Péterváradi vár), nicknamed ""Gibraltar on/of the Danube"", is a fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of Novi Sad, Serbia. It is located on the right bank of the Danube river. The cornerstone of the present-day southern part of the fortress was laid on 18 October 1692 by Charles Eugène de Croÿ. Petrovaradin Fortress has many tunnels as well as 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of uncollapsed underground countermine system.
In 1991 Petrovaradin Fortress was added to Spatial Cultural-Historical Units of Great Importance list of the Republic of Serbia.

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Štrand,"Štrand (Serbian Cyrillic: Штранд) is a popular city beach on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is located and the edge of Liman neighborhood, with the Liberty Bridge passing above the beach."
Zmaj Children Games,"Zmaj Children Games (Serbian: Змајеве дечије игре / Zmajeve dečije igre) is one of the biggest festivals for children in Serbia and the Novi Sad region. Named after Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, one of the most famous Serbian poets and writers of children's literature, the festival is held annually in June and December in Novi Sad, the capital of the Serbian province of Vojvodina.
The first festival was held in June 1958 under the name ""Festival of literature for children, drama and puppet theatre"" (""Фестивал дечије поезије, драме и луткарског позоришта""). Its organizer is Matica Srpska in Novi Sad. In 1969, the name was changed to Zmaj Children Games.
The main idea behind the festival is to gather writers, illustrators, critics, publishers, editors and readers of children's literature from Serbia and beyond. The Zmaj Children Games have their own publishing in the form of the magazine ""Детињство"" (Childhood) and hold a gathering of well respected children's literature authors in Zmaj Jovina Street 26.
Every June for a few days, children's plays, concerts, and shows gather children from Novi Sad and its surrounding region in Zmaj Jovina Street (the main street in Novi Sad's city centre)."
Asia Town (restaurant),"Asia Town is a restaurant and event venue located at 24 Forces Avenue, in Old GRA, Rivers State. It opened to the public on 12 December 2012. The establishment has a seating capacity of 500 guests and serves mostly Chinese cuisine, Indian cuisine, Thai cuisine, and some Nigerian dishes. Asia Town also caters to weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, product launches and fashion shows."
Landmark Hotel (Port Harcourt),"Landmark Hotel is a purpose-built, privately owned and professionally managed hotel in Rivers State, Nigeria. The hotel is located at 4 Worlu Street in D-line neighborhood of Port Harcourt. The hotel covers an area of approximately 20,000 square metres. The hotel has 112 rooms, 3 suites, a restaurant, bar, gym and conference facilities which accommodate up to 250 people.
It is owned by Eleme businessman Olaka Nwogu."
Václav Havel Airport Prague,"Václav Havel Airport Prague (Czech: Letiště Václava Havla Praha), formerly Prague Ruzyně International Airport (Czech: Mezinárodní letiště Praha-Ruzyně, Czech pronunciation: [ˈpraɦa ˈruzɪɲɛ]) (IATA: PRG, ICAO: LKPR), is the international airport of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. The airport was founded in 1937, when it replaced the Kbely Airport (founded in 1918). It was reconstructed and extended in 1956, 1968, 1997, and 2006. In 2012, it was renamed after the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first president of the Czech Republic, Václav Havel. It is located at the edge of the Prague-Ruzyně area, next to Kněževes village, 12 km (7 mi) west of the centre of Prague and 12 km (7 mi) southeast of the city of Kladno.
In 2018 it served around 17 million passengers. It serves as a hub for Czech Airlines and Smartwings, and as a base for Ryanair and Eurowings."
Janek Rubeš,"Janek (Jan) Rubeš (born December 24th, 1987) is a Czech reporter, documentarist, vlogger and director. He is mainly known for the YouTube channel Honest Guide, which he runs with his friend and cameraman Honza Mikulka. The channel provides tips for tourists, including tips on how to avoid tourist traps and scams in many cities, mainly Prague.In 2016 the Czech edition of Forbes featured Rubeš in their 30 under 30 list: 30 of the most talented Czechs under 30 years old. In 2019, he won the Novinářská křepelka (Journalist Quail, awarded to young journalists under the Cena Karla Havlíčka Borovského award of Karel Havlíček Borovský) for his investigative and brave journalism. The British newspaper The Independent named him and Honza Mikulka ""the patron saints of Prague tourism""."
Stone Bell House,"The Stone Bell House is located at the Old Town Square in Prague. It is located next to the Kinský Palace, on the corner of Old Town Square and Týnská street."
U Fleků,"U Fleků is a pub and microbrewery in Prague, Czech Republic. It occupies buildings around a central courtyard at Křemencova 11 in New Town, (Praha 1), not far from the National Theatre. The front facade of the building has an old, highly decorated clock above its door."
Tourism in Pristina,"Tourism in Pristina attracted 36,186 foreign visitors in 2012, which represents 74.2% of all visitors that visited Kosovo during that year. Foreign visitors mostly come from countries like Albania, Turkey, Germany, United States, Slovenia and North Macedonia, but also from other countries. Some of the most visited places in Pristina are Batllava Lake and Gadime Marble Cave, which are also among the most visited places in Kosovo.Pristina is the first touristic destination in Kosovo and the main air gateway to Kosovo. The number of foreign visitors that have visited Prishtina during 2012 grew by more than 10 thousand visitors since 2008, when there were 25,434 visitors. During the first quarter of 2013 the number of hotels in Prishtina was 24 from 102 hotels that were in total in Kosovo and during the third quarter of the year 2013, 18.85% of hotel capacity were used and during the same period of that year, in Prishtina 423 rooms were with one bed, 268 rooms with two beds, 13 rooms with three beds, 49 apartments and 6 residents.Since 2009, Kosovo Tourism Association organizes an annual Tourism Fair in Pristina, which is intended to attract foreign visitors to Kosovo. In the International Tourism Fair held in Tokyo, Japan, in 2013, 4 day packages have been presented that a tourist from Asia can enjoy in Kosovo, starting from Pristina, then continuing in Peja, Gjakova and concluding in Prizren.Pristina is a place that is known as a university center of students from regional countries like Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia  and it represents a plateau of the combination of native, Ottoman and Yugoslav culture. Its people are people that are known for hospitality and religious tolerance, where people in the city are mostly Muslims, but there are also Catholics, Orthodoxes, Atheists and people of other religions. Around 23% of the people belong the group age of 16-27, who are also very optimistic.Pristina has played a very important role during the World War II, being a shelter for Jews, whose cemeteries now can be visited.Coffee bars are a representative icon of Prishtina and they can be found almost everywhere and are also centers of different festivals and events. In the region of Prishtina there is Gracanica monastery, which is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites."
Mirim Airport,"Mirim Airport, also known as Pyongyang East Airfield or K-24 Air Base, is an airport in Mirim-dong, Sadong-guyok, Pyongyang-si, North Korea."
Pyongyang Racer,"Koryo Tours Pyongyang Racer or Pyongyang Racer is a 2012 racing game developed by Nosotek and published by Koryo Tours. The player drives a Hwiparam II around Pyongyang and visits several of its sights while collecting fuel and avoiding other vehicles. The game was created as an advergame for Koryo Tours, a travel agency organising tours to North Korea, by the outsourcing company Nosotek in collaboration with students from the Kim Chaek University of Technology. As one of North Korea's few video games, Pyongyang Racer was released by Koryo Tours through its website in December 2012. Reviewers criticised the game's gameplay, graphics, controls, and music."
Go Blonde Festival,"Go Blonde Festival is an annual event held in Riga, Latvia. Blonde women, dressed in pink, parade down the streets of Riga to promote economic growth and to spread cheer. The event is organized by the Latvian Association of Blondes.
The parade has also become a tourist attraction for people who are interested in more than the just city's fine Art Nouveau architecture. It is a tourism generator rivaling events such as carnivals in Brazil and Italy.Each year the festival receives more world attention, and it has grown into the biggest Blondes festival in the world. The previous Go Blonde festivals received international media attention. German national TV Channel One created a documentary about the Latvian Blondes Association. The festival was covered by over 500 internet portals globally, CNN, as well as the popular lifestyle magazines Glamour, Marie Claire in the USA, and Grazia in England and Italy. The festival is also receiving attention from Turkish and Russian media.
In 2012 ""Go Blonde” organized the fourth festival, which took place in Jurmala, Latvia, on 13 July. The whole day featured activities on water and on the beach, a Marilyn Monroe lookalike contest, the Miss and Mister Australian Gold beauty pageant finale, tennis and golf tournaments, and a Harley Davidson bike parade. The festival concluded with an all-night party, with local celebrities as well as internationally renowned DJs and performers."
Memorial Complex of Participants of the Great Patriotic War (Shusha),"Memorial complex of the participants of the Great Patriotic War is a monument located on Khalil Mammadov Street in the city of Shusha, Azerbaijan. It is dedicated to the participants of the Second World War."
Mir Faseh cemetery,Mir Faseh cemetery (Azerbaijani: Mir Faseh qəbiristanlığı) — A Muslim cemetery located on the  Jidir Plain of Shusha.
Mirza Hassan Cemetery,Mirza Hassan Cemetery is one of the four ancient Muslim cemeteries located in Shusha.
Sofia Airport,"Sofia Airport (IATA: SOF, ICAO: LBSF) (Bulgarian: Летище София, romanized: Letishte Sofiya) is the main international airport of Bulgaria, located 10 km (6.2 mi) east of the centre of the capital Sofia. In 2019 the airport surpassed 7 million passengers for the first time. The airport serves as the home base for BH Air, Bulgaria Air, European Air Charter and GullivAir, and as a base for both Ryanair and Wizz Air. The airport also houses the Bulgarian Air Force's Vrazhdebna Air Base."
List of tourist attractions in Taipei,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Taipei, capital city of Taiwan."
Sacro Monte di Varese,The Sacro Monte di Varese (literally ‘Sacred Mount of Varese’) is one of the nine sacri monti in the Italian regions of Lombardy and Piedmont which were inscribed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2003.  It has an altitude of 807 metres above sea level.
"Saints Constantine and Helena, Bulgaria","Saints Constantine and Helena (Bulgarian: Св. св. Константин и Елена) is a resort town on the  Bulgarian Black Sea coast within a landscaped park 10 km north of downtown Varna, 2 km east of its Vinitsa quarter, and 7 km south of Golden Sands. Bulgaria's oldest Black Sea resort was also known in the past as Druzhba (Дружба) and Varna Resort (Курорт Варна). It is served by the Varna International Airport and bus lines of the Varna public transit system.
Since starting the renewing of the complex in 2017, it becomes one of the most popular resorts in Bulgaria with several landmarks to see."
Varna Airport,"Varna Airport (Bulgarian: Летище Варна, romanized: Letishte Varna) (IATA: VAR, ICAO: LBWN) is the airport of Varna, the historical maritime capital of Bulgaria. Varna Airport is the third largest airport in Bulgaria. It is located 10 kilometers from the center of Varna near the town of Aksakovo. The airport serves Varna, Golden Sands and northeastern Bulgaria. The busiest season for the airport is from the end of May to the beginning of October."
Tourism in Vatican City,"The main Tourism in Vatican City are focused in religious tourism and city tourism, including the visit to the Basilica of St. Peter, Saint Peter's Square, the Vatican Museums, the Sistine Chapel, and the Raphael Rooms.Vatican City is quarter of a square mile (0.44 km2) in area, is a popular destination for tourists, especially Catholics wishing to see the Pope or to celebrate their faith. 
The largest numbers of pilgrims visit Vatican City at special moments in the liturgical year, such as Christmas or Easter, or during important periods such as the proclamation of a holy year or the funeral and election of a pope.
Tourism is one of the principal sources of revenue in the economy of Vatican City. In 2007 about 4.3 million tourists visited the Vatican Museums alone. Tourism is the main cause of the Vatican's unusually high crime rate: tourists are blamed for various minor thefts and incidents."
Tourism in Africa,"Tourism is an important economic sector for many countries in Africa. There are many countries that benefit heavily from tourism like Uganda, Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Morocco, Tunisia, Ghana and Tanzania. The touristic particularity of Africa lies in the wide variety of points of interest, diversity and multitudes of landscapes as well as the rich cultural heritage. Also, an ecotourist industry is present in some African countries (e.g., South Africa, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, Zambia, Uganda, Mozambique, etc.)."
Tourism in Ascension Island,
Tourism in the Canary Islands,"Tourism is an essential part of the economy of the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago located in the Atlantic Ocean, 100 kilometres (62 miles) west of Morocco. Seven main islands and six islets make up the Canary Islands. They had more than 9 million foreign incoming tourists in 2007. Tourists seeking sunshine and beaches first began to visit the Canaries in large numbers in the 1960s. The Canary Islands are a leading European tourist destination with very attractive natural and cultural resources."
Tourism in Réunion,"Tourism is an important part of the economy of Réunion, an island and French overseas departement in the Indian Ocean. Despite its many tourism assets, the island's tourist attractions are not well known."
Tourism in Somaliland,Tourism in Somaliland is regulated by the Somaliland's Ministry of Tourism.
Africa Travel Association,"Africa Travel Association (ATA) is a non-profit international travel industry trade association established in 1975.
ATA defines its mission as to ""promote travel, tourism and transport to and within Africa, and to strengthen intra-Africa partnerships.""
ATA serves both the public and private sectors of the international travel and tourism industry. ATA membership comprises African governments, their tourism ministers, tourism bureaus and boards, airlines, cruise lines, hotels, resorts, front-line travel sellers and providers, tour operators and travel agents, media and affiliate members.
ATA partners with the African Union Commission (AUC) to promote the sustainable development of tourism to and across Africa. ATA's annual events in Africa and the United States bring together industry leaders to shape Africa's tourism agenda."
Big five game,"In Africa, the Big Five game animals are the lion, leopard, black rhinoceros, African bush elephant, and African buffalo. They are examples of charismatic megafauna, featuring prominently in popular culture, and are among the most famous of Africa's large animals. The term was coined by big-game hunters, and refers to the five most difficult animals in Africa to hunt on foot but is now more widely used by game viewing tourists and safari tour operators.The 1990 and later releases of South African rand banknotes feature a different big-five animal on each denomination. Countries where all can be found include Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

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Farm Stall,"A Farm Stall or padstal (Afrikaans) is an integral component of South African culture. From the Western Cape to the Eastern Cape these pitstops are a must on every road trip. They took their beginning in little stalls built next to roads, some with a history of more than 40 years.Each farm stall has its own unique story, they are independent, trade with local goods and are an absolute highlight for food lovers. Their stock varies from own and adjacent homemade farm products like jams, butter, bread, cheese, dried fruit & nuts, free-range eggs, pies, coffee or wines up to wrought-iron works, wooden furniture and other handicrafts. Local farmworkers can earn an extra income by producing the jams, preserves and also clothing which is available to buy. Sought-after also the wood for a popular braaivleis.
Most farm stalls go along with a coffee shop where typical South African food like roosterkoek (a kind of roll unique to South Africa, cooked on grill and slightly charred), lemon meringue pie, koeksister, bobotie and beverages like ginger beer is offered. Farm stalls are open seven days a week.

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Romanian air tours over Africa,"The Romanian air tours over Africa were a series of trips, called ""raids"" in Romanian literature, made by the Romanian airmen over Africa between 1933 and 1935, with the purpose of promoting air tourism, Romanian airplanes, as well as Romanian aviation in general. Given global aviation development, exploring its possibilities and setting up aircraft records were an everyday occurrence.
The one who had the idea of making a major air tour was Lieutenant colonel Alexandru Cernescu, in 1932. A core of aircraft pilots consisting of Alexandru Cernescu and captains George Davidescu and Mihail Pantazi began to organize the air tour. They chose the distance from Bucharest to Cape Town and return to be the route. The first air tour of 1933 did not reach its goal, as it stopped at Malakal. In 1933 and 1935, Gheorghe Bănciulescu also conducted two air tours over Africa, the first to Cairo, over the Near East, returning over North Africa and Italy, and the last exploring the possible air routes over Central Africa. At the beginning of 1935, Irina Burnaia also attempted to cover the route to Cape Town by her own plane, reaching the Victoria Lake. In 1935 Cernescu, Davidescu, Pantazi, Gheorghe Jienescu, Gheorghe Olteanu and Anton Stengher managed to complete the air tour.

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Safari,"A safari (; from Swahili  safari 'journey' originally from Arabic  Safar 'to journey') is an overland journey to observe wild animals, especially in Southeast Africa. The so-called ""Big Five"" game animals of Africa – lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, and Cape buffalo – particularly form an important part of the safari market, both for wildlife viewing and big-game hunting."
Safari lodge,"A safari lodge (also known as a game lodge) is a type of tourist accommodation in southern and eastern Africa.  Lodges are  mainly used by tourists on wildlife safaris, and are typically located in or near national parks or game reserves.
Lodges are usually in isolated rural areas, and offer meals and activities such as game drives, in addition to accommodation.  The standard of accommodation varies considerably, from rustic bush camps, sometimes tented, to luxury lodges with the character of upmarket hotels. Unlike hotels or pensions, which typically consist of houses with many rooms, the dwellings in lodges are often in separate buildings with a bedroom, a bathroom, a terrace and sometimes a small kitchen. The set is closed to ensure the safety of tourists."
Tourism in Antarctica,"Tourism started in Antarctica by the sea in the 1960s. Air overflights started in the 1970s with sightseeing flights by airliners from Australia and New Zealand, and were resumed in the 1990s. The (summer) tour season lasts from November to March. Most of the estimated 14,762 visitors to Antarctica from 1999–2000 were on sea cruises.  During the 2009 to 2010 tourist season, over 37,000 people visited Antarctica."
Akademik Shuleykin-class oceanographic research vessel,"The Akademik Shuleykin- class vessels are Finnish-built ice-strengthened ships built for the USSR. They were originally used for oceanographic research; currently several have been converted for tourism in Arctic/Antarctic waters, carrying approximately 50 passengers."
Antarctic Specially Managed Area,"An Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) is a protected area on the continent of Antarctica, or on its adjacent islands. ASMAs are managed by the governments of Brazil, Poland, Ecuador, Peru, United States, New Zealand, Australia, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom, Chile, India, Russia, and Romania. The purpose of the ASMA sites are ""to assist in the planning and coordination of activities within a specified area, avoid possible conflicts, improve cooperation between ATCPs and minimise environmental impacts. ASMAs may include areas where activities pose risks of mutual interference or cumulative environmental impacts, as well as sites or monuments of recognised historical value."" Unlike the Antarctic Specially Protected Areas, ASMAs do not require a permit to enter."
Deception Island,"Deception Island is an island in the South Shetland Islands  close to the Antarctic Peninsula with a large and usually ""safe"" natural harbor, which is occasionally troubled by the underlying active volcano. This island is the caldera of an active volcano, which seriously damaged local scientific stations in 1967 and 1969. The island previously held a whaling station. It is now a tourist destination with over 15,000 visitors per year. Two research stations are operated by Argentina and Spain during the summer season. While various countries have asserted sovereignty, it is still administered under the Antarctic Treaty System."
Detaille Island,"Detaille Island is a small island off the northern end of the Arrowsmith Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. From 1956 to 1959 it was home to ""Base W"" of the British Antarctic Survey and closed after the end of the International Geophysical Year (IGY). It is now often visited by Antarctic cruise ships but is otherwise unoccupied.
Thanks to the men's hasty departure and the necessity that they take little with them, Base W is an eerily preserved time capsule of 1950s Antarctic life. The base had been intended to host dog-sledging survey parties which would cross the sea ice to the nearby Antarctic Peninsula, but the ice was dangerously unstable. When Base W was vacated, heavy sea ice prevented resupply ship Biscoe from approaching closer than 50 kilometres (31 mi), despite the assistance of two U.S. icebreakers. So the men were forced to close up the base, load sledges with only their most valuable gear and use dog teams to reach the ship."
MV Explorer (1969),"The MS Explorer or MV Explorer was a Liberian-registered cruise ship, the first vessel of that kind used specifically to sail the icy waters of the Antarctic Ocean. She was the first cruise ship to sink there, after striking an iceberg on 23 November 2007. All passengers and crew were rescued.The ship was commissioned and operated by the Swedish explorer Lars-Eric Lindblad. Its 1969 expeditionary cruise to Antarctica was the forerunner for today's sea-based tourism in that region. The vessel was originally named MS Lindblad Explorer (until 1985), and MS Society Explorer (until 1992). Ownership of the vessel changed several times, the last owner being the Toronto-based travel company G.A.P Adventures which acquired Explorer in 2004.Explorer was abandoned in the early hours of 23 November 2007 after taking on water near the South Shetland Islands in the Southern Ocean, an area which is usually stormy but was calm at the time. Explorer was confirmed by the Chilean Navy to have sunk at an approximate position of 62°24′S 57°16′W, between the South Shetlands and Grahams Land in the Bransfield Strait; where the depth is roughly 600 m. The Royal Navy Antarctic Patrol Ship Endurance, whilst carrying out a hydrographic survey for the British Antarctic Survey and at the request of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, later pinpointed Explorer's final resting place as 62°24′17.57″S 57°11′46.49″W, at an approximate depth of 1,130 m – a distance of 4,373 m from her reported sinking position. This is broadly consistent with the direction of the prevailing current."
Hannah Point,"Hannah Point is a point on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It forms the east side of the entrance to Walker Bay and the west side of the entrance to South Bay. Surmounted by Ustra Peak to the north, with Liverpool Beach extending between the peak and the tip of Hannah Point.  Ice-free area ca. 122 hectares (300 acres).The area was visited by early 19th century sealers frequenting nearby Johnsons Dock. The British base camp Station P on the east side of Hannah Point operated from 29 December 1957 until 15 March 1958.
Among the birds that make their home here are the gentoo and macaroni penguins as well as kelp gulls. Southern giant petrels nest here as do blue-eyed shags, skuas, and snowy sheathbills. Southern elephant seals and Antarctic fur seals are among the larger life forms observed at the point.Hannah Point is one of the most popular Antarctic tourist sites frequented by cruise ships.
The geographical feature is named after the British sealing vessel Hannah hailing from Liverpool and wrecked in the vicinity in 1820 while operating in the South Shetlands."
International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators,"The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) was founded in 1991 by seven companies. The primary goal of the association is to ""advocate and promote the practice of safe and environmentally responsible private-sector travel to the Antarctic"".Since the group's inception membership has grown to over 100 members. In addition there are tour groups working outside the association which may not follow its safety and environmental guidelines.
The need for an association like the IAATO is that eight countries have made territorial claims in Antarctica. However, no country recognizes the claim of any other country. In fact, in some cases, countries claim the same piece of the continent. Therefore, it is rarely clear what authority is in charge. This has left the Antarctic tourism industry largely self-regulated. Hence the need for an organization like the IAATO.
There is an IAATO website that has information on the Antarctic Treaty, visitor guidelines, visitor briefing videos, tourism statistics and more."
Lindblad Expeditions,"Lindblad Expeditions (Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic) is an expedition travel company headquartered in New York, NY. The company currently offers expedition cruises to destinations on all seven continents aboard 15 ships with capacities ranging from 28 to 150 guests."
Lars-Eric Lindblad,"Lars-Eric Lindblad (January 23, 1927 – July 8, 1994) was a Swedish-American entrepreneur and explorer, who pioneered tourism to many remote and exotic parts of the world. He led the first tourist expedition to Antarctica in 1966 in a chartered Argentine navy ship, and for many years operated his own vessel, the MS Lindblad Explorer, in the region. Observers point to the Lindblad Explorer’s 1969 expeditionary cruise to Antarctica as the frontrunner to today's sea-based tourism there."
Liverpool Beach,"Liverpool Beach (Bulgarian: Ливърпулски бряг, romanized: Livarpulski bryag, IPA: [ˈlivɐrpoɫski ˈbrʲak]) is the crescent-shaped beach extending 1.8 km on the east side of Walker Bay on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is situated on the west side of the small ice-free promontory ending in Hannah Point, and bounded by Hannah Point to the west, Ustra Peak to the northeast and the terminus of Verila Glacier to the north.  The picturesque beach is one of the most popular tourist sites in Antarctica, frequented by cruise ships. It is also accessible by Zodiac boats from the Bulgarian base and the Spanish base on the island situated 12 km to the east and 11 km to the east-southeast respectively.
The beach is named after the British city of Liverpool, the home port of many 19th century sealing ships operating in the South Shetlands including the sealer Hannah after which the adjacent point is named."
Nigel Sitwell,"Nigel Degge Wilmot Sitwell (23 August 1935 in Gosport, Hampshire – 2017) was an English conservationist, writer, editor and businessman specialising in wildlife and travel. He is noted for his travels in nearly 100 countries, including Antarctica, Tibet, East Africa and East Asia. In addition he edited and published the WWF magazine series Wildlife for 17 years."
White Desert (company),"White Desert Ltd. is a British tour operator conducting expeditions to Antarctica. As of 2021, it is the only company to offer a commercial private jet service to the continent. Its Whichaway Camp is described by multiple publications as Antarctica's first and only hotel."
Tourism in Abkhazia,"Tourism in Abkhazia is possible under Georgian law for foreigners entering the occupied territory from Georgia, although Georgia cannot assure the safety inside disputed territory.
However, the Abkazian beaches on the Black Sea continue to be accessible for tourists coming from the Russian side of the Abkhazia–Russia border which is not under Georgian control. Low prices and an absence of any visa requirements attracts Russian tourists especially those who can not afford the vacations in Turkey, Egypt, Bulgaria and other popular Russian touristic directions."
Tourism in Hong Kong,The tourism industry has been an important part of the economy of Hong Kong since it shifted to a service sector model in the late 1980s and early 90s.  There has been a sharp increase of domestic tourists from Mainland China following the introduction of the Individual Visit Scheme (IVS) in 2003.
Tourism in Macau,"Tourism is a major industry in Macau. It is famous for the blend of Portuguese and Chinese cultures and its gambling industry, which includes Casino Lisboa, Macau, Sands Macau, The Venetian Macao, and Wynn Macau.Macau is known as the “Monte Carlo of the Orient” and the “Las Vegas of the East”, which is attributed to the large volume of casinos that are found within the city. In fact, Macau is the only location in China where gambling is legal, and as such, gambling tourism is the city’s greatest source of revenue, and, the greatest revenue from gambling generated in the world. Further to this, Macau also boasts a huge number of hotels, from budget to luxury, along with which comes a myriad of food options, activities and historical sights to explore. Given such a ""densely populated small area, the flows of tourists to Macau have been impressive""."
Tourism in the State of Palestine,"Tourism in the Palestinian territories is tourism in East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited the Palestinian territories, compared to 2.6 million in 2009. Of that number, 2.2 million were foreign tourists while 2.7 million were domestic. In the last quarter of 2012 over 150,000 guests stayed in West Bank hotels; 40% were European and 9% were from the United States and Canada. Major travel guides write that ""the West Bank is not the easiest place in which to travel but the effort is richly rewarded.""The Palestinian tourism ministry and Israeli tourism ministry have attempted to work together on tourism in the Palestinian territories in a Joint Committee. Recent cooperation to share access to foreign tourists has not proven successful in Palestine for many reasons. Israel controls the movement of tourists into the West Bank. Palestinian tour guides or transportation companies have not been able to enter Israel since 2000, and in 2009, Israel's Ministry of Tourism deleted the West Bank and any Palestinian area from its materials. Former Palestinian Authority Tourism Minister Kholoud Diibes has commented ""that Israel collects 90% of [religious] pilgrim-related revenue"". Foreign tourism has been restricted to East Jerusalem and the West Bank since the August 2013 indefinite closing of the Rafah crossing located between Egypt and the Hamas controlled Gaza Strip. There is essentially no tourist flow to Gaza since 2005 because of the ongoing Israeli military land, sea, and air blockade.
In 2013 Palestinian Authority Tourism minister Rula Ma'ay'a stated that her government aims to encourage international visits to Palestine, but the occupation is the main factor preventing the tourism sector from becoming a major income source to Palestinians. There are no visa conditions imposed on foreign nationals other than those imposed by the visa policy of Israel. Access to Jerusalem and the West Bank is completely controlled by the Government of Israel. Access to Gaza is controlled by Israel and Egypt. Entry to the occupied Palestinian territories requires only a valid international passport. U.S. citizens who are suspected of being Muslims, Arabs, or ""being participants in planned political protest activities or of supporting NGOs that are critical of Israeli policies"" are often subjected to extensive questioning from immigration officials. These groups of tourists are subject to delay, interrogation, or even, denial of access to lawyers, consular officers, and family, and denial of entry."
Lev Tolstoy (ship),"Lev Tolstoy is a four-deck cruise ship (type Q-056), named after the famous Russian novelist Lev Tolstoy; and has been specifically designed to navigate European waterways. Lev Tolstoy was originally built to serve and transport high-ranking Kremlin officials and foreign dignitaries. It was built in Austria in 1979 and refurbished in 2012. It is still one of the top cruise ships in Russia."
South-East Asian Tourism Organisation,The South-East Asian Tourism Organisation (SEATO) is a working group formed by both government and non-government tourism organizations operating in Southeast Asia. SEATO was formed in late 2009 with the aim of spreading the financial impacts of tourism more widely into the kampongs and villages of the region.
Tourism in Abkhazia,"Tourism in Abkhazia is possible under Georgian law for foreigners entering the occupied territory from Georgia, although Georgia cannot assure the safety inside disputed territory.
However, the Abkazian beaches on the Black Sea continue to be accessible for tourists coming from the Russian side of the Abkhazia–Russia border which is not under Georgian control. Low prices and an absence of any visa requirements attracts Russian tourists especially those who can not afford the vacations in Turkey, Egypt, Bulgaria and other popular Russian touristic directions."
Alpine Pearls,"Alpine Pearls is a cooperative established in 2006, consisting of 23 municipalities in five alpine countries. The tourism association claims to support and promote active mobility. The cooperation’s members fulfill strict quality criteria like town centers with reduced traffic, transfer services, environmentally friendly leisure time facilities, the guarantee of mobility without a car, and ecological minimum standards."
Black's Guides,"Black's Guides were travel guide books published by the Adam and Charles Black firm of Edinburgh (later London) beginning in 1839. The series' style tended towards the ""colloquial, with fewer cultural pretensions"" than its leading competitor Baedeker Guides. Contributors included David T. Ansted, Charles Bertram Black, and A.R. Hope Moncrieff."
Bradshaw's Guide,"Bradshaw's was a series of railway timetables and travel guide books published by W.J. Adams and later Henry Blacklock, both of London. They are named after founder George Bradshaw, who produced his first timetable in October 1839. Although Bradshaw died in 1853, the range of titles bearing his name (and commonly referred to by that alone) continued to expand for the remainder of the 19th and early part of the 20th century, covering at various times Continental Europe, India, Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of the Middle-East. They survived until May 1961, when the final monthly edition of the British guide was produced. The British and Continental guides were referred to extensively by presenter Michael Portillo in his multiple television series."
Coghlan's Guides,Coghlan's Guides were a series of travel guide books to Europe written by Francis Coghlan in the mid-19th century.
Cultural Route of the Council of Europe,"A Culture Route of the Council of Europe, sometimes referred to as a European Cultural Route, is a certification awarded by the Council of Europe to networks promoting the European shared culture, history and memory. These routes must also match some fundamental values promoted by the Council of Europe such as democracy, human rights and intercultural exchanges in the framework of cultural tourism.A Cultural Route of the Council of Europe is not necessarily a physical path to be walked through and can be made up of cultural stakeholders such as museums, municipalities or local governments clustered into one umbrella association. Being awarded the title Cultural Route of the Council of Europe opens the way to a larger visibility, network of cultural stakeholders or even funding. The programme was launched by the Council of Europe and not the European Union, even though it contributes to it. As a result, the programme goes beyond the borders of the EU, and even Europe in general - as some Routes go as far as North Africa or the Middle East.The programme was launched by the Council of Europe in 1987. It is based since 1998 in Luxembourg, at the European Institute of Cultural Routes (EICR). Since 2010, the evaluation and certification-awarding process is managed by the Enlarged Partial Agreement on Cultural Routes (EPA).In 2022, 48 Cultural Routes were certified as listed below."
DestiNet.eu,"DestiNet.eu is a Knowledge Networking portal for Sustainable Tourism and Responsible Tourism.
DestiNet was started in 2002 by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the Network Evolution for Sustainable Tourism (NEST).
The World Tourism Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) became partners in 2006.
ECOTRANS has been the executive body since 2005. (ECOTRANS - founded in 1993 - is a non-profit organisation based in Saarbrücken, Germany. It is a European network of experts and organisations in tourism, environment and regional development).
QualityCoast is one of the organisation in the Ecotrans-network. It is dedicated to sustainable tourism in coastal regions and relates its members to DestiNet."
Ecotourism routes in Europe,"There are five ecotourism Pan-European routes crossing 35 countries in Europe and connecting natural parks (national parks and regional parks) to heritage sites chosen by UNESCO, as well as to the biosphere reserves (MAB).The routes are intended to help travelers discover natural, cultural sites, pilgrims, and regional specialties etc."
European Institute of Cultural Routes,"The European Institute of Cultural Routes is a non-profit association based in Luxembourg whose aim is to help the Council of Europe, as a technical body, in the establishment of European Cultural Routes.
It was established in 1998 and its role is:
to examine applications for new projects;
to monitor activities in the field and co-ordinate the work of partner organizations;
to disseminate and archive information documents.The Council of Europe:

entrusted the Institute to follow up the already elected routes, to co-ordinate and provide technical aid to networks, in particular in their development in Central and Eastern Europe, to initiate new proposals as well as to disseminate information and set up a database that will constitute the memory of the programme of the cultural routes.The European Institute of Cultural Routes
The European Institute of Cultural Routes (EICR) was established as a European public service and technical body as part of a political agreement between the Council of Europe and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Ministry of Culture, Further Education and Research). Since 1988 the Institute has worked in close collaboration with the Council of Europe in carrying out its responsibilities, namely to ensure the continuity and development of the programme of the Cultural Routes in the 51 signatory countries of the European Cultural Convention and, depending on the geographical and historical requirements of the themes, in those countries which have had and continue to have close relations with Europe.
The EICR resides in the Centre Culturel de Rencontre – Abbaye de Neumünster, in Luxembourg. It retains all relevant documentation and maintains a specialist library on the routes. The Institute regularly welcomes those in charge of the networks of the routes as well as project managers, researchers, students and members of the general public. The EICR is also charged with participating in European training, research and analysis programmes concerning cultural tourism, for the European Commission and various governments and project managers. The Institute organises themed symposiums and specialist training, collaborates in the setting up and running of the Routes, and participates in specialist exhibitions while promoting a greater awareness of the links between culture, tourism and the environment.
From 2004 to 2006 the Institute managed the visibility and communication work of the European research programme PICTURE (Proactive management of the impact of cultural tourism on urban resources and economies).
In 2008 the European Commission (Directorate-General Education and Culture) named the EICR as a body active on a European level in the field of Culture, in recognition for its essential role in creating a coherent programme of sustainable cultural tourism initiatives promoting the ""Destination Europe"" and encouraging Europeans to discover their common roots and history through travel and the exploration of material and immaterial heritage.
The Institute is a member of NECSTOUR, an association of European regions working to develop competitive and sustainable tourism, and has signed an agreement with the Cité de la Culture et du Tourisme durable to provide distance-learning and to study the sustainability of introducing tourism to the cultural routes. The Institute is currently working with the Council of Europe and the Tourism Unit of the European Commission on a study into the impact of the cultural routes on small and medium businesses.
In 2011 the Institute welcome a Partial Agreement aimed at combining the voluntary contributions of those member countries of the Council of Europe who wish to increase the funds available to the cultural routes.
Since the opening up of Europe to the East, the Cultural Routes have enabled, and continue to enable (particularly by expanding to include the Southern Caucasus), the creation of a real dialogue between Eastern and Western Europeans. The opening of a resource centre for the Cultural Routes in Sibiu, in the Casa Luxembourg, in liaison with the European Institute of Cultural Routes in Luxembourg and the Mioritics Association is testament to this.
Stefano Dominioni is the current Director of the Institute and Executive Secretary of the Enlarged Partial Agreement on Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe. Michel Thomas-Penette and Penelope Denu directed the Institute from 1998 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2015 respectively.
Christian Biever is President of the Institute since 2018. He replaced Robert Philippart, Colette Flesch, Erna Hennicot-Schoepges and Guy Dockendorf."
European Route of Brick Gothic,"The European Route of Brick Gothic (EuRoB) is an association of cities, towns, regions, municipalities and institutions that have Brick Gothic buildings in their territory or have their headquarters in a Brick Gothic building. The network also includes several sponsors and cooperation partners.The route joins several hundred religious and secular buildings from Denmark, Germany and Poland, including monasteries, churches, town halls and town houses, as well as city fortifications such as city walls, towers and city gates.
The purpose of the association is the promotion of art and culture, of science, education and international understanding, and in particular the preservation of our common cultural heritage of Brick Gothic and its promotion to a larger public."
European Route of Historic Theatres,"The European Route of Historic Theatres is a holiday route and European Cultural Route, that runs through many European countries. It links cities with important historic theatres from the 16th to 19th centuries.
This cultural route was initiated by the members of the organisation, Perspectiv – Association of Historic Theatres in Europe, which was founded in October 2003 with the aim of preserving the cultural heritage of historic theatres in Europe. The head offices of this charitable association are in the Goethe town of Bad Lauchstädt and city of Berlin. The project is supported by the Culture programme of the European Union.
The European Route of Historic Theatres originally consisted of five individually named routes: the German Route, the Nordic Route, The Channel Route, the Italian Route and the Emperor Route. Each links between 9 and 12 towns and cities with important theatre traditions. Cultural tourists can travel directly from the start or finish of any route to another nearby route.
In 2014, two more routes were added: the French and Adriatic Routes. Other routes planned are: the Baltic and Iberian Routes (2015); and the Alpine and Black Sea Routes (2016)."
European Travel Commission,"The European Travel Commission (ETC) is an association of national tourism organisations (NTOs) based in Brussels. It was created in 1948 to promote Europe as a tourist destination to long-haul markets outside of Europe, originally the US and later Canada, Latin America and Asia-Pacific. ETC currently has 33 member NTOs and 14 associate members from the private industry. The association aims to raise awareness of the importance of tourism among national European authorities and the general public through sharing best practices and cooperation in market intelligence and promotion."
European Youth Card,"The European Youth Card (also known as EURO<26) allows reductions on cultural activities, shops, transport, eating out and accommodation, and can be used in 38 European countries. Most countries make it possible to buy and use the card up to the age of 30.  The card is usually issued for one year.
In many European countries the card is still known as EURO<26, but with the change of the age limit (from 26 to 30), increasingly it is called the European Youth Card (in English or the local language: Jugendkarte, Carta Giovani, Carnet Joven).
The European Youth Card is issued in three versions: a classic card, a student card, or a so-called co-brand card. The co-branded card can be issued with various partners -  a bank, a railway company, a municipality or a local government, a cultural institution or other. The design of the co-branded card can be very different from the classic card, however, it always carries the EYCA logo and offers the same benefits as the classic card.
European Youth Card is managed by the European Youth Card Association (EYCA) that represents 40 Youth Card organisations in 38 countries. All EYCA Member organisations issue the European Youth Card in their territory and develop local discounts individually. The main EYCA has its official seat in the Netherlands and its office in Bratislava, Slovakia.The European Youth Card can be purchased through the national card organisation. Young people coming from outside of Europe, or living in a country where there is no national card organisation, have the opportunity to buy the card online through the Kiosk shop that is managed by the EYCA headquarters.
Cardholders can search all the 80,000 discounts on the online geo-tagged map on the card's official web site. Moreover, EYCA has recently launched an iOS application called  GeoDiscounts that is designed to help cardholders when traveling with the European Youth Card. Thanks to the GPS it shows the user a number of EYCA discounts closest to their current location. It is possible to narrow down the search by choosing a category, or typing in keywords. When the users have found the discount(s) they were looking for, they can access detailed information as well as the exact location on a map. Alternatively they can call or e-mail the place for more information."
Galignani's guides,
Tourism in East Germany,Tourism in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was organised through the state via Reisebüro der DDR (Travel Bureau of the GDR).
Tourism in Greenland,"Tourism in Greenland is a relatively young business area of the country. Since the foundation of the national tourist council, Greenland Tourism, in 1992, the Home Rule Government (renamed 'Self Rule Government' in 2009) has been working actively with promoting the destination and helping smaller tourist providers to establish their services. Foreign travel agencies have increasingly been opening up sale of Greenland trips and tours, and the cruise industry has had a relatively large increase in routes to (or passing) Greenland since about the turn of the century.
The country has spectacular scenery  and a few historic sites. The everyday life and local culture of Greenlanders is one of the main experiences for adventure travellers to Greenland.
The main tourist activities on offer are sailing tours among icebergs, dog sledding tours, ice cap treks, wildlife spotting (including whale watching), iceberg watching, and hiking trips to the mainly Norse ruins."
Griebens Reise-Bibliothek,"Griebens Reise-Bibliothek (est.1853) was a series of German-language travel guide books  to Europe, founded by Theobald Grieben of Berlin. Some titles occasionally appeared in English or French language editions. Compared with its competitor Baedeker, Griebens was ""cheaper and less detailed."" A 1914 British reviewer judged it ""informative and not bulky, going easily into the coat pocket."" Readers included Thomas Wolfe. In 1863 publisher Albert Goldschmidt bought the series and continued it; in the 1890s the Goldschmidt office sat on Köthener Straße in Berlin. By the 1950s Griebens was issued by Jürgen E. Rohde of Munich."
Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers,"Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers (est.1862) was a series of travel guide books published by Harper & Brothers of New York. Each annual edition contained information for tourists in Europe and parts of the Middle East. The ""indefatigable"" William Pembroke Fetridge wrote most of the guides from 1862 until at least 1885.  In its day the Harper's Hand-Book competed with popular guides such as Baedeker, Bradshaw's, and Murray's. In 1867 critic William Dean Howells found Harper's Hand-Book ""chatty and sociable."" Readers included Lucy Baird, daughter of Spencer F. Baird."
Leigh's travel guides,
Meyers Reisebücher,Meyers Reisebücher (1862-1936) were a series of German-language travel guide books published by the Bibliographisches Institut of Hildburghausen and Leipzig.
Mogg's travel guides,
Murray's Handbooks for Travellers,"Murray's Handbooks for Travellers were travel guide books published in London by John Murray beginning in 1836. The series covered tourist destinations in Europe and parts of Asia and northern Africa. According to scholar James Buzard, the Murray style ""exemplified the exhaustive rational planning that was as much an ideal of the emerging tourist industry as it was of British commercial and industrial organization generally.""  The guidebooks became popular enough to appear in works of fiction such as Charles Lever's Dodd Family Abroad. After 1915 the series continued as the Blue Guides and the familiar gold gilted red Murrays Handbooks published by John Murray London including the 
long running Handbook to India, Pakistan, Ceylon & Burma which concluded with the 21st edition in 1968 before changing from the original format of 1836 to a more modern paperback edition of 1975."
Tourism in Northern Cyprus,"Tourism has affected the development of Northern Cyprus. Its share of the GDP of Northern Cyprus is significant.
In the early 1970s Varosha, Famagusta was the most popular destination in Cyprus, (and popular in the world) before its abandonment in Turkish invasion of Cyprus 1974."
Lev Tolstoy (ship),"Lev Tolstoy is a four-deck cruise ship (type Q-056), named after the famous Russian novelist Lev Tolstoy; and has been specifically designed to navigate European waterways. Lev Tolstoy was originally built to serve and transport high-ranking Kremlin officials and foreign dignitaries. It was built in Austria in 1979 and refurbished in 2012. It is still one of the top cruise ships in Russia."
Satchel Guide,"The Satchel Guide was a series of tourist's travel guide books to Europe, first published in 1872 by Hurd & Houghton of New York. It continued annually until at least 1939. Authors included William Day Crockett, Sarah Gates Crockett, William James Rolfe."
Tourism in North America,
Tourism in the Caribbean,"Tourism is one of the Caribbean's major economic sectors, with 25 million visitors contributing $49 billion towards the area's gross domestic product in 2013, which represented 14% of its total GDP. It is often described as, ""the most tourism-dependent region in the world"".
The first hotel was built on the island of Nevis in 1778 and brought wealthy visitors, such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In the 19th century, resort hotels were also built on The Bahamas, Jamaica and Barbados to support an increasing tourist trade. Tourism increased dramatically when airplanes transported tourists to the region. This increased the numbers of people that were able to afford to vacation on the islands, but required costly infrastructure development."
Tourism in Greenland,"Tourism in Greenland is a relatively young business area of the country. Since the foundation of the national tourist council, Greenland Tourism, in 1992, the Home Rule Government (renamed 'Self Rule Government' in 2009) has been working actively with promoting the destination and helping smaller tourist providers to establish their services. Foreign travel agencies have increasingly been opening up sale of Greenland trips and tours, and the cruise industry has had a relatively large increase in routes to (or passing) Greenland since about the turn of the century.
The country has spectacular scenery  and a few historic sites. The everyday life and local culture of Greenlanders is one of the main experiences for adventure travellers to Greenland.
The main tourist activities on offer are sailing tours among icebergs, dog sledding tours, ice cap treks, wildlife spotting (including whale watching), iceberg watching, and hiking trips to the mainly Norse ruins."
Tourism in Hawaii,"Hawaii is a U.S. state that is an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. Of the eight major islands, Hawaii, Oʻahu, Maui, and Kauaʻi have major tourism industries, while it is limited on Molokai and Lānaʻi and access to Niihau and Kahoʻolawe is prohibited.
The state's favorable climate, tropical landscape, beaches, and culture make it among the U.S.'s most visited states. In 2017 alone, according to state government data, there were over 9.4 million visitors to the Hawaiian Islands with expenditures of over $16 billion. Tourism comprises 21% of the state's economy, with many of Hawaii's largest industries revolving around the constant flow of tourists.Due to the mild year-round weather, tourist travel is popular throughout the year. The summer months and major holidays are the most popular times for outsiders to visit, however, especially when residents of the rest of the United States are looking to escape from cold winter weather. The Japanese, with their economic and historical ties to Hawaii and the US as well as relative geographical proximity, make up the largest group of inbound international travelers to the islands, reaching 1,568,609 in 2017. The average Japanese stays only 5 days while other Asians stay over 9.5 days and spend 25% more."
Bill Mullahey,"William Justin Mullahey (1909 – April 15, 1981) was an American airline executive who was a long-time employee of Pan American Airways, helping the company expand its presence across the Pacific. He also played a large role in developing tourism throughout the Pacific Islands, including leading the development of the Pacific Asia Travel Association."
Tourism in New Caledonia,"New Caledonia was ""largely indifferent to tourists ... as long as nickel mining remained economically dominant"".  After the Korean War and Vietnam War, world prices for nickel collapsed (1970s) and aggressive marketing campaigns were initiated for the territory."
Pacific Tourism Organisation,"The Pacific Tourism Organisation (SPTO) formerly known as the South Pacific Tourism Organisation is an intergovernmental organisation for the tourism sector in the South Pacific. The SPTO markets, promotes, and develops tourism in the Pacific in overseas markets. The main office is located in Suva, Fiji.Originally, the organisation was funded by the European Union as a form of development aid. However, EU funding expired in 2004 and was not renewed. From that point onwards, the SPTO was forced to find other sources of income, which resulted in China becoming a member of the SPTO."
Tourism in ancient Rome,"Tourism was limited to the upper-class of ancient Rome due to its expense. Travel was also difficult because of shipwrecks, storms, poor maps, and a lack of modern means of transport. Tourism was difficult due to the time required to travel long distances in ancient Rome. Common destinations for ancient Roman tourists were Greece, Egypt, and the coast of Campania. Wealthy Romans would also spend the hottest parts of the year in villas outside of the city of Rome or in resort towns such as Baiae. These trips usually boosted the local economy as the locals attempted to supply the tourists with housing, goods, and services."
Cultural tourism in Egypt,"Egypt has a thriving cultural tourism industry, built on the country's complex history, multicultural population and importance as a regional centre."
Medical tourism in India,"Medical tourism is a growing sector in India. In mid–2020, India's medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth US$5–6 billion. In 2017, 495,056 patients visited India to seek medical care. According to a report from 2019 by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry and Ernst & Young, most of the medical tourist arrivals in India were from Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, and SAARC region. India also receives significant number of medical tourists from Australia, Canada, China, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The city of Chennai has come to be known as the healthcare capital of India.
To encourage applications and ease the travel process for medical tourists, the government has expanded its e-tourism VISA regime in February 2019, to include medical visas. The maximum duration of stay under this visa is 6 months. Since 30 August 2019, foreigners can receive any medical treatment in India with the exception of organ transplants without a medical visa."
Medical tourism in Israel,"Medical tourism in Israel is medical tourism in which people travel to Israel for medical treatment, which is emerging as an important destination for medical tourists. In 2006, 15,000 people came to Israel for medical treatment, bringing in $40 million in revenue. In 2010, Israel treated 30,000 medical tourists. The Health Ministry estimates that they inject about NIS 200 million a year into the health system, of which more than NIS 100 million goes to government hospitals. Outside experts put the total much higher, at almost NIS 500 million.According to a report in 2013, the number of people from Eastern Europe, Cyprus and the United States seeking treatment at Israel's public and private hospitals is growing. Income from medical tourism was assessed at about $140 million in 2012.Israel is also frequently the host venue for international medical conferences."
Medical tourism in Malaysia,"According to the Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council (MHTC), Malaysia reportedly received 641,000 foreign patients in 2011, 728,800 in 2012, 881,000 in 2013, 882,000 in 2014, 859,000 in 2015, and 921,000 in 2016. Malaysia's medical tourism statistics derive from the reported numbers of all foreign patients treated by MHTC-endorsed medical facilities. These figures encompass all registered patients with a foreign passport, which by default also encompass expatriates, migrants, business travellers, and holiday-makers for whom health care may not be the main motive for their stay. The number of MHTC-endorsed medical facilities in Malaysia has increased over the years (e.g., 35 in 2009, 49 in 2011, 63 in 2012, 72 in 2013 and 78 in 2014), playing a role in increasing the official figures on foreign patients. Malaysia is listed in the top 10 tourism destinations in the world by Patients Beyond Borders."
Medical tourism in Pakistan,"Medical tourism in Pakistan is viewed as an untapped market that could be turned into a huge opportunity if the government ""focuses on key issues"". According to Pakistani medical experts, Pakistan has a ""huge potential"" in becoming a regional medical tourism hub, comparable to many other countries in its neighbourhood. Medical tourism in Pakistan has been arranging potential trips for many medical health and care procedures. A number of modern hospital facilities exist in major cities such as Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore that are fully equipped and facilitated with the latest medical technologies. Many doctors and surgeons in Pakistani hospitals tend to be foreign qualified. However, security issues and an overall below-par health infrastructure have challenged the growth of the industry."
Medical tourism in South Korea,"South Korea attracted more than 2.76 million foreign patients as of 2019, since the attraction of international patients began in 2009. Among many reasons for the increasing number of patients, there are benefits such as reasonable medical costs, high quality medical services, short waiting times, and tourism packages combining relaxation and tourism."
Tourism in Abkhazia,"Tourism in Abkhazia is possible under Georgian law for foreigners entering the occupied territory from Georgia, although Georgia cannot assure the safety inside disputed territory.
However, the Abkazian beaches on the Black Sea continue to be accessible for tourists coming from the Russian side of the Abkhazia–Russia border which is not under Georgian control. Low prices and an absence of any visa requirements attracts Russian tourists especially those who can not afford the vacations in Turkey, Egypt, Bulgaria and other popular Russian touristic directions."
Tourism in Afghanistan,"Tourism in Afghanistan is regulated by the Ministry of Information and Culture. There are at least 350 tourism companies operating in Afghanistan. Tourism was at its peak before the 1978 Saur Revolution, which was followed by the decades of war. Between 2013 and 2016, Afghan embassies issued between 15,000 and 20,000 tourist visas annually.Afghanistan has four international airports, which include Kabul International Airport, Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport, the Ahmad Shah Baba International Airport in Kandahar, and Herat International Airport. It also has a number of smaller domestic airports such as Bamyan Airport, Bost Airport, Chaghcharan Airport, Farah Airport, Fayzabad Airport, Ghazni Airport, Jalalabad Airport, Khost Airport, Kunduz Airport, Maymana Airport, Nili Airport, Tarinkot Airport, and Zaranj Airport.
Guest houses and hotels are found in every city of Afghanistan. Some of the major hotels in Kabul are the Serena Hotel, the Hotel Inter-Continental Kabul, and the Safi Landmark Hotel. Most places in the country serve traditional Afghan cuisine."
Tourism in Albania,"Tourism in Albania has been a key element to the country's economic activity and is constantly developing. It is characterized by its rich archaeological and cultural heritage dating back to the classical period when Illyrians and Ancient Greeks inhabited the region. Over the course of history, the territory of Albania was occupied and populated by Romans, Byzantines, Venetians and Ottomans. Notably the country features unspoiled beaches, mountainous landscapes, traditional cuisine, archaeological artifacts, unique traditions, low prices and the wild atmosphere of the countryside.
The country lies in Southeastern Europe bordering Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. The Mediterranean Sea with the Adriatic and Ionian Sea make up the entire west border of the country. The country's coastline length is about 481 km (299 mi) composed of both sandy and rocky beaches,
bays, caves, cliffs, capes and lagoons. Although the country features notable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped Albanian Alps, Sharr,
Skanderbeg, Korab, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the sunny Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coasts.
The country has a distinctly Mediterranean climate. Across the country's territory there is a wide range of microclimates due to differing soil types and topography. The warmest areas of the country are found at the coasts where the climate is profoundly impacted by the sea, while the coldest parts at the northern and eastern hinterlands, where snowy forested climate is prevalent.
With a total of 3.8 million visitors, Albania is the 25th most visited country in Europe. Lonely Planet ranked Albania as the number 1 destination to be visited in 2011. The New York Times ranked Albania 4th among 52 destinations to be visited in 2014. Although still underdeveloped, Albania is set to prime its debut on the world scene as it celebrates a century of independence. A Huffington Post article outlined 10 reasons for visiting Albania in 2013. Recently, Albania has been officially dubbed as ""Go Your Own Way"". Previously, it was dubbed as ""A New Mediterranean Love"". According to the Albanian Institute of Statistics, around 4.73 million foreign citizens have visited Albania in 2016.A number of renowned international hotel chains are making their presence known in Albania, including Mariott, Hyatt, Maritim Plaza, Hilton Garden Inn, MK Hotels, and Best Western in Tirana, as well as Melia Hotels International in Durres, while others are awaiting the green light to start operations mainly in Tirana, the Albanian Alps, and along the Albanian Riviera."
Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër,"The Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër (Albanian: Qendrat historike të Beratit dhe Gjirokastrës) encompasses the cities of Berat and Gjirokastër in southern Albania. Gjirokastër was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 2005 while Berat was added as a site extension in 2008. They are inscribed as rare examples of an architectural character typical of the Ottoman period.Berat is often referred as the city of a thousand windows and considered one of the architectural treasures of Albania. Traces from Illyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans are still evident and well preserved in the city with castles and mansions, old churches and mosques and impressive wall paintings, icons and murals. Throughout the centuries, Berat was the place where various religions and communities coexisted in peace.  
Gjirokastër, referred as the city of stone, stretches on the steep side of the Drino River valley overlooking the historic landscape with picturesque stone architecture framed by mountains at every side. As most of other cities in Albania, Gjirokastër bears architectural treasures of various civilizations that previously conquered the region."
Lake Koman Ferry,"Lake Koman Ferry (Albanian: Trageti i Komanit) is a passenger ferry service operated by several local companies along the Koman Reservoir (also known as Koman Lake) in Northern Albania. The line operates between Koman near the Koman Hydroelectric Power Station, and Fierzë near the Fierza Hydroelectric Power Station. The line is known for its scenic views of the mountain gorges, unscheduled stops along the way for serving locals, and the peculiar atmosphere of both locals, foreigners, and even animals being fitted on board up to full capacity. According to Bradt Travel guides, the journey is described as ""one of the world's great boat trips"" only comparable to the Scandinavian fjords."
Maritim Plaza Tirana,"Maritim Plaza Tirana is a luxury hotel in Tirana, Albania owned by German Maritim hotel chain. It is located on 28 Nëntori Street, near the Skanderbeg Square. 
The hotel building is also known as the TID Tower, after the Tirana International Development corporation that originally commissioned its construction. The design comes from Belgian architectural firm 51N4E, and construction started on 14 January 2007. ""The building is designed as a constellation of 3 singular buildings: the tower of 85 m height coming down to the ground, a 5 story glass building with a cantilevering roof that creates a public open air galleria; and a concrete building with a hollowed out quarter dome, embracing the tomb of Suleiman Pasha [sic; actually the Kapllan Pasha Tomb]."" The central tower stands at 85 metres (279 ft) tall, and consists of 24 floors. The TID Tower's architectural design is notable for its sensitive incorporation of the Kapllan Pasha Tomb, tucked in a void in one of the complex’s low-slung concrete buildings, and for its use of concrete panels cast on-site. The building design was featured in the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in 2016.Maritim Plaza Tirana is the second tallest building in Albania."
Albanian Riviera,"The Albanian Riviera (Albanian: Riviera shqiptare, pronounced [ɾiviˈɛɾa ʃcipˈtaɾɛ]), also popularly known as Bregu, is a coastline along the Northeastern Ionian Sea in the Mediterranean Sea encompassing the districts of Sarandë and Vlorë in Southwestern Albania. It forms an important section of the Albanian Ionian Sea Coast dotted with the villages of Palasë, Dhërmi, Vuno, Himara, Qeparo, Borsh, Piqeras, Lukovë and the city of Sarandë.The riviera should not be confused with the entire coastline of the country, which includes the Ionian Sea Coast, and the mostly flat Adriatic Sea Coast in the north. The Ceraunian Mountains separate the coast from the hinterland.  The area is a major nightlife, ecotourist, and elite retreat destination in Albania. It features traditional Mediterranean villages, ancient castles, churches, monasteries, secluded turquoise beaches, bays, mountain passes, seaside canyons, coves, rivers, underwater fauna, caves, and orange, lemon, and olive groves. During the classical times, 48 BC during his pursuit of Pompey, Julius Caesar set foot and rested his legion at Palasë. He continued onto Llogara Pass in a place later named Caesar's Pass.
The region gained international attention after the 2009 reconstruction of the coastal road SH8, the 2010 tour stop of DJ Tiësto in Dhermi, and the filming of a Top Gear episode featuring a breathtaking car pursuit along the winding coastal road. The Albanian Riviera was proclaimed as the 2012 Top Value Destination by Frommer's. The area has been host to several international music festivals such as Kala Festival, Soundwave Albania, and Turtle Fest, while becoming known for its long standing nightclubs such as Havana Beach Club near Dhermi and recently opened Folie Marine in Jale beach. The number of tourists has increased significantly since 2016. More and more Europeans travel to the Albanian Reviera from year to year, especially from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Sweden, France, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland, Ukraine, Moldova, North Macedonia, Serbia and Croatia.As part of the regional master plan, the World Bank and other institutions are financing local infrastructure projects, including the renovation of roofs and facades of traditional houses overlooking the Riviera, town squares redesign, and the construction of water supply and treatment plants."
Tomorrica,"Tomorrica (Albanian pronunciation: [͈tomorˈritsa]) is a traditional or ethnographic region in Central Albania, located near the border between Berat County and Elbasan County. It takes its name from Mount Tomorr.
The modern region consists of 31 villages, and it is divided by the Tomorrica river. The town of Gramsh is held to be part of the history of the region, but many may consider it to not be part of the region itself. The region is also known for its peculiar winds, known as stoçen locally, in which the clouds come close to the ground and ""lie like a carpet"".The population is primarily Albanian and traditionally belonged to the Bektashi faith during Ottoman times, having been Orthodox Christian during the Middle Ages previously, although nowadays there are many irreligious people just as many other parts of Albania. It has also been affected more recently by heavy emigration, leaving entire villages deserted in the modern day. Despite its currently declining state as well as its small population and rough terrain, Tomorrica is said to have contributed greatly to Albanian history. Hence, it has been called ""wretched with great people"".In the summer, there is a festival where locals ascend to the top of Mount Tomorr, where a Bektashi tekke is located. Although it is officially a Bektashi festival, non-Bektashis such as Christians and Sunnis also can and do take part."
Tourism in Gjirokastra,
Zvërnec Island,"Zvërnec Island is an island within the Narta Lagoon in southern Albania.
The island is nearly all covered with tall pine trees and is just east of a much smaller island. It is 430m in length and has a maximum width of 300m. Zvërnec Island is connected to the mainland by a 270m long wooden bridge.
The island is a tourist attraction because it contains the well preserved 13th-14th century Byzantine Zvërnec Monastery. Near the island lies the village that bears the same name.
The island has an area about 9 hectares."
Tourism in Algeria,"Algeria is the largest country in Africa; one of the main tourist attractions is the Sahara, the largest desert in the world. Algeria has been a member of the World Tourism Organization since 1976. According to a report of the World Tourism Organization published in 2014, Algeria was the 4th largest tourist destination in Africa in 2013 with 2.7 million foreign tourists, and ranks 111th on the international tourism scene, according to the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC). The tourism sector in Algeria accounts for 3.9% of the volume of exports, 9.5% of the productive investment rate and 8.1% of the gross domestic product.
The main competitors are other Mediterranean countries, the majority of which have developed a strong tourism-based economy. The tourism sector is still underdeveloped in Algeria concerning accommodation and other services. For this reason, the government launched a strategic plan to boost this sector by 2025.According to the U.S. News & World Report, Algeria was ranked among the top 80 countries in the world in 2018.The US national newspaper USA Today ranked Constantine among the eleven cities to visit the world in 2018. The newspaper was based on the experience of Sal Lavallo, one of the youngest people to have visited all 193 member states of the United Nations."
Tourism in Andorra,"Andorra is a tourist destination in Europe. Andorra has several major ski resorts, including Soldeu/El Tarter and Pal/Arinsal. These are very popular with tourists from Spain, France and the United Kingdom, particularly because their relatively gentle slopes are ideal for less experienced people as well as families. Andorran ski schools are among the largest in Europe. Because it is not a member of the European Union, Andorra is able to sell a wide range of duty-free products, including alcohol, perfume and cigarettes.  These are much cheaper than in neighboring countries, and are a lucrative source of revenue for the country. Andorra also has many hiking trails which can be explored during the summer months, when the snow has thawed.
A 2008 source asserts 10.2 million visitors."
Tourism in Angola,"The tourism industry in Angola is based on the country's natural environment, including its rivers, waterfalls and coastline. Angola's tourism industry is relatively new, as much of the country was ravaged during the post-colonial civil war which ended in 2002.  Unlike most countries in the region,  which generally give US, EU, and many other citizens a visa on arrival or require no visa at all,  Angola has complicated visa requirements  (official letter of invitation, documents concerning purpose of travel, copy of travel itinerary, proof of funds, etc., all of which are sent back to Luanda for approval).  This procedure towards visitors places the country at a disadvantage in the competitive international tourism market."
Black Rocks at Pungo Andongo,"The Black Rocks at Pungo Andongo (Pedras Negras de Pungo Andongo) are a set of extensive monolithic rock formations, millions of years old, that stand out for their size in relation to the savanna landscape of the region. It is subdivided into Western, South, North and Southeast subsystems. The formation is an extension of the Cacuso Plateau.The western rocky subsystem, the best known and most visited of all, is located in the municipality of Cacuso, in Malanje Province, and is an important tourist attraction in Angola.According to tradition, the footprints carved into the rock belong to Ana de Sousa Ginga of Ndongo and Matamba, the great monarch of the kingdom of Ndongo.The commune of Pungo-Andongo is located in the center of the western subsystem of the formation. During its last years, this town was the capital of the Kingdom of Ndongo. In 1671 the Portuguese besieged and captured the city, enslaving many of its inhabitants and destroying the kingdom. The ruins of the Fortress of Pungo-Andongo, built by the Portuguese after the battle, are located in the modern town."
Tourism in Antigua and Barbuda,
Blue Waters Hotel,"Blue Waters Hotel, located in Soldiers Bay, Antigua, was first opened in 1960 as The Blue Waters Beach Hotel by Osmond Kelsick, a Royal Air Force airman noted as the only Antiguan squadron leader in World War II.The hotel opened with just 16 rooms however by 1984 the property had grown to 45 rooms and was sold to British businessman Ronald Randall."
Mill Reef Club,"The Mill Reef Club is a 1,500-acre members-only club that includes five miles of shoreline and three islands on the east coast of Antigua.
The Club was founded in 1947 by Connecticut architect Robertson 'Happy' Ward (1897–1988), with initial capital of $38,000. There were 45 founding members, each paying $7,500 for a plot for building a home. A clubhouse was constructed in 1949, and a 9-hole golf course in 1952. Today, there are 53 homes. The clubhouse and beach cottages can accommodate 100 guests. In 2013 the Club established the Mill Reef Yacht Club, which hosts international sailing regattas on Nonsuch Bay, Antigua.
Early Club members included Archibald MacLeish, Dean Acheson and Paul Mellon, who later named his champion horse Mill Reef for the club. Early Club rules reflected a British style that required coats and ties at dinner and whites on the tennis and croquet courts. Ostentatious displays of wealth were discouraged by a $25,000 limit on home construction costs and a 2-bedroom limit to houses (no longer in force). Membership was by invitation only, either through existing members or by Ward encouraging travel agents to pass on the details of high-end clients who would contribute to his vision of “a Caribbean community of blue waters, white beaches and sweeping vistas dedicated to good fellowship.”[1]
The Antiguan government welcomed its wealthy, publicity-shy guests, and when paparazzi attempted to photograph Jacqueline Kennedy from an adjacent public beach, they were arrested and deported.[2]
The Club and its residents were criticized in A Small Place, a 1988 book by Jamaica Kincaid, which noted that ordinary Antiguans stood no chance of entry to the Club or accessing the beautiful beaches unless as staff. 
Since 1960 The Mill Reef Fund has distributed over US $9 million to worthy organizations in Antigua and Barbuda."
Sandals Resorts,"Sandals Resorts is a Jamaican operator of all-inclusive resorts for couples in the Caribbean. It is a part of Sandals Resorts International (SRI), the parent company of Sandals Resorts, Beaches Resorts, Fowl Cay Resort, and several private villas. Founded by Jamaican-born entrepreneur Gordon ""Butch"" Stewart in 1981, SRI is based in Montego Bay, Jamaica and is responsible for resort development, service standards, training, and day-to-day operations. Sandals Resorts International has properties throughout the Caribbean islands of Jamaica, Barbados, Bahamas, Saint Lucia, Antigua, Turks & Caicos, Grenada, Curacao, and St. Vincent with sixteen Sandals Resorts, three Beaches Resorts, one Fowl Cay private island resort, and four villa properties in Jamaica."
Tourism in Argentina,"Argentina has a vast territory and a variety of climates and microclimates ranging from tundra and polar in the south to the tropical climate in the north, through a vast expanse of temperate climate. Natural wonders include the Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the world outside the Himalayas, the widest river and estuary of the planet (the River Plate), the Iguazú Falls,  the Humid Pampas, and the Argentine Sea. Visitors enjoy the culture, customs and Argentine cuisine.
The Argentine territory stretches from the highest peaks of the Andes in the west to colitis del Norte rivers and extensive beaches and cliffs of Argentine Sea in the east; from the tropical rainforest of the Yungas north to the valleys, glaciers, lakes and cold forests of Andean Patagonia in the south, and to Argentine Antarctica. Through the warm landscapes of tropical climates contrasting, in a huge gradient microclimates, the polar climates or extensive and very fertile grasslands with the World's most flatter plains contrasting with the highest mountains outside Asia, contrasted with also vast desert areas plethoric of geoforms for the annual running extensive and extreme Dakar rally race, the high mountain ranges, the pleasant Pampeanas mountains and the temperate Atlantic beaches and its extensive coastlines. The huge distances require in most cases air travel. The Misiones rainforest, Argentine Yungas, and areas of the Andean Patagonia are scientifically considered as biodiversity hotspots large areas worldwide. The great biodiversity and a large number of different landscapes and climates make Argentina a diverse country.
Argentina received 5.80 million tourists in 2011 according to the World Tourism Organization, the first most visited country in South America and the second most visited of all of Latin America, after Mexico."
Alta Gracia,"Alta Gracia is a city located in the north-centre of the province of Córdoba, Argentina. Its name means ""High Grace"". It is built upon the Sierras Chicas, in a region that the Comechingón Indians used to call Paravachasca. It has about 43,000 inhabitants (2001 census [INDEC])."
Ascochinga,"Ascochinga is a town in Colón Department, in Córdoba Province, Argentina.
Situated in the Sierras Chicas, on the margin of the Ascochinga river, 6 km (4 mi) north of La Granja, 19 km (12 mi) from Jesús María, and 59 kilometers (37 mi) from the provincial capital.
It is connected to the rest of the province by two paved roads, Provincial Route E53 and Provincial Route E66, plus a mountain unpaved road 38 km (24 mi) in length, through the hills called Camino del Pungo, reaching La Cumbre.
From the 19th Century on it was a tourism destination for the upper class of Córdoba who owned big ranches in the area, belonging to families like Governor Cárcano, Dulce L. de Martínez de Hoz with a hotel and golf course, today a vacation resort for the Argentine Air Force and the ""La Paz"" ranch, owned at the time by twice President Julio Argentino Roca.
Due to the Air Force connection, it has a small airport (Ascochinga Airport (ICAO: SACN)) 3 km (2 mi) from the town.
The area has been used as a special stage for Rally Argentina."
Bariloche,"San Carlos de Bariloche, usually known as Bariloche (Spanish pronunciation: [baɾiˈlotʃe]), is a city in the province of Río Negro, Argentina, situated in the foothills of the Andes on the southern shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake. It is located within the Nahuel Huapi National Park. After development of extensive public works and Alpine-styled architecture, the city emerged in the 1930s and 1940s as a major tourism centre with skiing, trekking and mountaineering facilities. In addition, it has numerous restaurants, cafés, and chocolate shops. The city had a permanent population of 108,205 according to the 2010 census. According to the latest statistics from 2015, the population is around 122,700, and a projection for 2020 estimates 135,704."
Tourism in Buenos Aires,"According to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) the travel and tourism sector of Argentina was moving towards recovering its pre-covid pandemic contribution to GDP in mid-2023, led by Buenos Aires."
"Cachi, Argentina",Cachi is a small city in Salta Province Argentina. It is the capital of the Cachi Department.
Calchaquí Valleys,"The Calchaquí Valley (Spanish: Valles Calchaquíes) is an area in the northwestern region of Argentina which crosses the provinces of Catamarca, Tucumán, Jujuy and Salta. It is best known for its contrast of colors and its unique geography that ranges from the mountain desert to the subtropical forest."
Cicerones de Buenos Aires,"Cicerones de Buenos Aires is the name of a non-profit organization that provides free guided tours and travel information to visitors of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Founded in May 2001 by residents of Buenos Aires, the organization's mission is to improve the image of the city though its services.

"
"Cosquín, Argentina","Cosquín is a small town in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, located about 52 km (32 mi) from the city of Córdoba, and 783 km (487 mi) from Buenos Aires. It had about 57,000 inhabitants at the 2010 census [INDEC]. It is the head town of the Punilla Department, and is located on the banks of the Cosquín River, and on the foot of a small mountain (Cerro Pan de Azúcar).
Cosquín is the oldest town in the scenic Punilla Valley; the region was already populated by the 16th century. Cosquín was officially founded with the title of villa (town) on 4 August 1876, and declared a city on 26 August 1939.
In the past, the region of Cosquín was appreciated for its benign climate, recommended by physicians for pulmonary ailments, and a whole industry of hospitals and therapeutic establishments appeared in order to provide services to patients from Argentina and even other countries. As the popularity of this kind of treatment decreased, the economy of Cosquín became more focused on tourism.
Since 1961, Cosquín hosts an annual National Folklore Festival, which receives around 100,000 visitors"
Destino Argentina,"Based in the city of Buenos Aires, Destino Argentina is one of the most important boards for the tourist promotion of Argentina. Cultural centres, museums, theatres, galleries, shopping malls, vineyards, big luxury hotels and small boutique hotels, lodges, spas, gourmet restaurants, airlines, tour operators, car rental firms, media and consultancy agencies, and many other enterprises belonging to the hospitality industry are members of this non-profit organization created in 2003.As its goal is to promote Argentina in foreign countries as a first-class tourist destination, the organization and coordination of press trips with journalists of international media is the main activity. Japan and Qatar, Spain and Colombia, Australia and China, Germany and Russia are some the countries where the assisted media are based, according to the information provided in the website. Destino Argentina maintains strategic agreements with the National Institute for Touristic Promotion (InProTur), the National Ministry of Tourism, the Tourism Board of the City of Buenos Aires, the Patagonia Tourism Board and many other regional tourism organizations."
Ecotourism in the Valdivian temperate rainforest,"Valdivia Temperate Rainforest is an area between 36 and 47° S. consisting of a majority of the country Chile and a small part of Argentina totaling about 12.7 million hectares. The Valdivian forest is one of the few forested regions in the world with climate conditions to be considered a temperate climate. Its ecological systems provide habitat for a clustering of some of the highest biodiversity in the world. Many of the species are endemic to Valdivia and are descendants of Gondwana Species. For example, Araucaria araucana or ""Monkey Puzzle Tree"", and Fitzroya cupressoides ""Alerce"". Due to the region's unique landscape and biodiversity millions of visitors come to the area annually. National Parks in the region provide opportunities for many tourism operations. In an effort to help preserve and expand conserved areas Ecotourism or Sustainable Tourism plays a vital role. The economic benefits affect not only the park areas but also the local communities. Ecotourism accounts for 4.6% of Chile's GNP.Since the 1980s Chile has been promoting ecotourism, and has seen annual increases in both visitors and income occur every year since. Between 2006 and 2007 visitor numbers increased from 2.25 million to 2.5 million. Revenue from ecotourism services and national parks results in a 2-3% increase in gross income. Through the year 43% of tourists visit national parks in the regions of de los Rios and de los Lagos. The top three destinations in those areas are the Coguillio National Park, the Villarica National Park, and the Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park. The last of those hosts 25% of all visitors to Chile."
"Esquel, Argentina","Esquel is a town in the northwest of Chubut Province in Argentine Patagonia. It is located in Futaleufú Department, of which it is the government seat. The town's name derives from one of two Tehuelche words: one meaning ""marsh"" and the other  meaning ""land of burrs"", which refers to the many thorny plants including the pimpinella, and the other meaning herbaceous plants whose fruits, when ripe, turn into prickly burrs that stick to the animals' skins and wool or people's clothes as a way of propagation."
La Cumbrecita,"La Cumbrecita is a small hamlet 1,450 metres (4,757 ft) above sea level in the Calamuchita Valley in the Grand Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina. A 30 kilometres (19 mi) paved road through the Sierra Grandes connects to it from the main road to the provincial capital.
There is a river called Medio that borders La Cumbrecita and it is the edge of Santa Mara County. According to the INDEC 2001 census, there were 189 people living in La Cumbrecita and 156 in Calamuchita, which makes for a total of 345 people. In La Cumbrecita, there are 140 households that are counted. In each county, there are 97 and 43 people."
La Falda,"La Falda is a town in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, located 79 km (49 mi) from Córdoba and 800 km from Buenos Aires. It had about 15,000 inhabitants at the 2001 census [INDEC].
La Falda lies at the foot of two small mountains (Cerro El Cuadrado and Cerro La Banderita), and it is part of an important tourist circuit of the province (the Punilla Valley). The Punilla Department includes other tourist sites like Villa Carlos Paz, Los Cocos, La Cumbre and Capilla del Monte.
La Falda is home to the historic ""Eden Hotel"",(now a public park and historic museum, which was visited by Albert Einstein.
The main street and hub of activity for the town is ""Avenue Eden""."
"La Paz, Córdoba","La Paz is a small town in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. Its population is 1189 inhabitants (2010 Census) and it is located 41 km (25 mi) from Villa Dolores.
The town grew around a Catholic church, San Juan de las Talas[1], built there in 1720, during colonial times."
Llao Llao Hotel,"The Llao Llao Hotel is located in the tourist resort of San Carlos de Bariloche within the Río Negro, Argentina.
This famous hotel is situated in the foothills of the Andes on a hill between the Moreno Lake and Nahuel Huapi lakes."
Los Remansos,Los Remansos is a natural spa situated through the river Río Chico de Nono localicated to 3 km of Nono center. Is one of the most famous of tourism places.
"Los Sauces River, Argentina","The Los Sauces River is a natural watercourse of the Traslasierra valley in the Córdoba Province of Argentina, originated in the limit of Mina Clavero with Cura Brochero, from the confluence of the river Mina Clavero with Panaholma. It is the second most important channel in the valley.
In the junction area where the river is born, the channel is sandwiched between large rocks of attractive shapes known as ""Los Cajones"" (The Drawers); and a few meters ahead is the natural spa ""Los Elefantes"" (The Elephants), since the ancient eroded rocks remind us of herds of elephants drinking in the river. The river then continues more calmly, forming extensive golden sand beaches.About 20 km later, the channel receives the waters of the Río Chico de Nono, to end up later at the lake of La Viña Dam or ""Ing. A. Medina Allende Reservoir"", whose wall is 106 m high. There it is possible to practice nautical sports and fishing."
Villa de Merlo,"Villa de Merlo is a small city in the Department of Junín, Province of San Luis, Argentina. It is administered by an intendant, presently former Provincial Senator Gloria Petrino. The town lies 796 meters above sea level. The demotic for Merlo is ""merlino"".
Merlo is the third most populated country town in the province. The weather is mostly mild and dry, with little wind, and the area has a number of streams."
Mina Clavero,"Mina Clavero is a municipality in San Alberto Department in Córdoba Province, Argentina. It forms the municipality of same name and is the tourist center of Traslasierra valley. It is characterized by its natural landscapes, beaches and nightlife.
In 2019, in a contest organized by the New 7 Wonders Foundation, the Mina Clavero river was chosen as one of the “seven natural wonders of Argentina""."
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Argentina),"The Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Spanish: Ministerio de Turismo y Deportes; MTyD) of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power that oversees and advises on Argentina's national tourism industry and the Argentine state's sports policy.
The current minister responsible is Matías Lammens, who has served since 10 December 2019 in the cabinet of President Alberto Fernández."
"Miramar, Córdoba","Miramar is a town in San Justo Department, located in Córdoba Province (Argentina)."
National Route 1 (Argentina),"National Route 1, also known as Buenos Aires–La Plata Highway and officially called Autopista Doctor Ricardo Balbín since 2004, is a highway that connects the 25 de Mayo Highway and Paseo del Bajo in the city of Buenos Aires with the Provincial Route 11, near the city of La Plata. It has a length of 50 km (31 mi) with two or four lanes on each direction in different areas, and is indicated in red in the map.
On km marker 31 it connects with National Route A004, the main road to the coastal tourist areas of Mar del Plata and others in Buenos Aires Province. The highway runs (from northeast to southeast) through the partidos of Avellaneda, Quilmes, Berazategui, Ensenada, and La Plata.
This highway is currently operated by AUBASA (""Autopistas de Buenos Aires S.A.""), a state-owned company owned by the Government of Buenos Aires Province, which also manages most routes to the cities of Costa Atlántica."
National Route 3 (Argentina),"Ruta Nacional 3 (""National Route 3"") is an Argentine highway, stretching from the eastern side of the country in Buenos Aires, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Río Negro, Chubut Province, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego. Since its start at Avenida General Paz (A001) until the end, on the bridge over Lapataia River, it measures 3,045 kilometres (1,892 mi).
The road is interrupted between km 2674 and 2696, due to the presence of Magellan Strait, which forces access between Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego Provinces through Chile, over Ruta CH-255 and Ruta CH-257 paved 57 kilometres (35 mi) north of the strait and another paved and treated  148 kilometres (92 mi) long south of it. The crossing of the Magellan Strait is done in 20 minutes through the use of a ferry traversing the width of 4.65 kilometres (2.89 mi) at that point.After National Decree 1931 of 3 August 1983, this road is called Comandante Luis Piedrabuena south of National Route 22, that is starting at km marker 719."
National Route 22 (Argentina),"National Route 22 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional 22) is a highway located in Argentina, that connects the provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Río Negro and Neuquén in 685 km (426 mi). The route starts at the connection with
National Route 3 (Argentina), 32 km (20 mi) west of Bahía Blanca. Until 2004 the highway end was in Paso de Pino Hachado, on the border with Chile, but currently ends on the connection with National Route 40 (Argentina) in Zapala. The track between Las Lajas and Paso de Pino Hachado is now part of National Route 242.
The Highway has two lanes, mostly; only the Cipolletti - Plottier track has 4 lanes."
National Route 101 (Argentina),"National Route 101 is a national road in the NW of Misiones Province, Argentina ending at Iguazu National Park. It runs for 145 km (90 mi) near the border between Argentina and Brazil crossing the  Missiones Province Departments of General Manuel Belgrano and Iguazú.
After decades of difficult travel through this road, especially after rains, it was decided to pave it starting from the south end. The work was contracted with a financial agreement with the federal government and under the technical supervision and administration of the Dirección Provincial de Vialidad (Provincial Dept. of Transportation).
In 2006 the Dirección Provincial de Vialidad paved the section between Bernardo de Irigoyen and San Antonio. The next 30 km (19 mi) until the rural area known as Piñalito Norte were completed in mid-2007. The section between Piñalito Norte and Provincial Route 19 is under construction. The following 44 km (27 mi) until Puerto Iguazú International Airport is unpaved, while the section from the airport to the junction with National Route 12 is paved."
National Route 105 (Argentina),"National Route 105 is a national road in the SW of Misiones Province, Argentina. From its start National Route 12 in Villalonga outside of the capital city of Posadas until its end at National Route 14, it has a total length of 35 kilometres (22 mi). The road is marked in red in the map.
Before Decree #1595 of 1979, Provincial Route 1 went from Villalonga to Azara, going through San José and Apóstoles. The aforementioned decree transferred the road north of Route 14 to federal jurisdiction.
Milestones:

Capital Department: Villalonga (km 0), Parada Leis (km 16), junction provincial route 205 in Fachinal (km 21)
Toll booth in Fachinal (km 23)
Apóstoles Department: Pindapoy (km 34) and San José"
National Route 117 (Argentina),"National Route 117 is a national road in Argentina, in Paso de los Libres Department in the SE of Corrientes Province. From its start in km marker 496 of National Route 14 until its end at the Paso de los Libres-Uruguaiana International Bridge (crossing the Uruguay River) unites the cities of Paso de los Libres, Argentina and Uruguaiana, Brazil for a total length of 12.9 kilometres (8 mi). The road is marked in red in the map.
Before 1980 this road was known as National Route 126.

Milestones:

km marker 10.1: Exit to Paso de los Libres by means of Provincial Route 40
km marker 11.2: Customs and border patrol control
km marker 12.2: International bridge"
National Route 118 (Argentina),"National Route 118 is a national road in Argentina, in the northwest of Corrientes Province. It starts at the junction with National Route 12 until reaching the rural area of Paraje Vallejos Cué for a total length of 196 kilometres (122 mi). The road is marked in red in the map."
National Route 119 (Argentina),"National Route 119 is a national road in Argentina, running north in the Center-South of Corrientes Province. It starts at the crossing with national routes 14 and 127 running for 109 kilometres (68 mi) until it crosses National Route 123 in Mercedes. The road is marked in red in the map. The whole length of the road is within Corrientes Province, crossing through Monte Caseros Department, Curuzú Cuatiá Department, and Mercedes Department."
National Route 120 (Argentina),"National Route 120 is a national road in Argentina, running NW in Corrientes. It starts at the joining with National Route 14, 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of the town of Gobernador Virasoro and runs for 58 kilometres (36 mi) until it connects to National Route 12 31 kilometres (19 mi) east of Ituzaingó. The road is marked in red in the map. Previously this road was known as Provincial Route 38 and changed to national jurisdiction in an agreement between Dirección Nacional de Vialidad and the provincial transport authorities, signed by Law # 5152 of Corrientes Province on 3 April 1997The whole length of the road is within Corrientes Province, crossing through Santo Tomé Department and Ituzaingó Department."
National Route 121 (Argentina),"National Route 121 is a national road in Argentina, running East in Corrientes. In its 8.3 kilometres (5 mi) paved length, it joins Km 683 marker of National Route 14, near the town of Santo Tomé and the  Puente de la Integración (""Integration Bridge"") of 1,403 metres (4,603 ft) over the Uruguay River crossing the border into Brazil to the town of São Borja."
National Route A002 (Argentina),"National Route A002 Autopista Teniente General Pablo Riccheri connects Avenida General Paz with Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Ezeiza).

"
National Route A003 (Argentina),"National Route A003 also known as Tigre Access is an 8.8 km (5.5 mi)-long four-lane highway. It goes from the junction with National Route 9 and Camino de Cintura (Provincial Route 4) to the town of Tigre, passing the towns of: 
Boulogne
San Isidro
Béccar
Victoria
Virreyes
San Fernando"
National Route A004 (Argentina),"National Route A004 is a four-lane highway connecting National Route 1 (mostly known as the ""Buenos Aires-La Plata highway"") at km marker 31 with the Juan María Gutiérrez Roundabout in Greater Buenos Aires. The road extends for 8 km (5 mi) (numbered km 31 to 30), all within the limits of Berazategui Partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
This road is the obligatory route for the vacation destinations of Mar del Plata and other cities along the coast of Buenos Aires Province as it connects with Autovía 2, so it has high volumes of traffic during the summer months and Easter.
The A004 is currently operated by AUBASA (""Autopistas de Buenos Aires S.A.""), a state-owned company owned by the Government of Buenos Aires Province, which also manages the NR 1 and most routes to the cities of Costa Atlántica."
National Route A005 (Argentina),"National Route A005 is an 11 km (6.8 mi)-long two-lane highway connecting National Route 8 and 
National Route 36 in the city of Río Cuarto, Córdoba Province, Argentina."
National Route A006 (Argentina),"National Route A006 is a gravel road of 8.5 km (5.3 mi) connecting the town of Las Cuevas on the northwest of the province of Mendoza with the Christ the Redeemer monument in the border between Argentina and Chile. This road is only open in the summer season. It is always important to inquire in the cities of Mendoza or Uspallata on the road conditions as it could be impassable at times. In it winding length it changes altitude from 3,151 m (10,338 ft) to 3,832 m (12,572 ft).
Before the construction of the Cristo Redentor Tunnel, the road was the only border crossing between the two countries in this area."
National Route A007 (Argentina),"National Route A007 also known as Mar Argentino (""Argentine Sea"") or Avenida de Circunvalación (""Beltway Avenue"") in the city of Santa Fe, Decree #2084/1980, runs in a north–south direction, through the flood valleys of the Salado and Paraná rivers, around the city of Santa Fe. 
Several sections of this road had to be dynamited to allow Salado flood waters to go through during the April 2003 floods in Santa Fe, as it was acting as a container and relief was urgently needed."
National Route A008 (Argentina),"National Route A008 is a 30 km (18.6 mi) beltway highway for the city of Rosario, Argentina. Built for traffic to avoid the congested city center, it allows drivers to bypass the city going around it in a much shorter time.
In its 30 km (19 mi) length, it intersects with National Route 9, National Route 3, National Route 34, National Route 11 and National Route 174.
The official numbering system denotes this road as ""A008"" but this denomination is mostly unknown by the locals as it is still called ""Avenida de Circunvalación 25 de Mayo"" (""25 of May Beltway Avenue"") commemorating the May Revolution of 1810. Some sections are named after different personalities by local decree. For example:

the section from the east end on 27 Boulevard to the crossing of Ayacucho Street (old exit to the Rosario-Buenos Aires Road, now access to Provincial Route 21), is called ""National Route A008 Tte. General Juan Carlos Sánchez"" by decree #232 of 14 May 1981.
the section between Eva Perón Street and the exit to Santa Fe (the province capital) on the intersection with Rondeau Boulevard is called ""National Route A008 Dr. Constantino Razzetti"" by law #25769 of 1 September 2003."
National Route A009 (Argentina),"National Route A009 is a highway in the northeast of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It has a length of 12 km (7 mi) joining Puerto Reconquista on the east side of the Paraná River with National Route 11 at km marker 787, in the city of Reconquista, in General Obligado Department.
In 1990 the most travelled national roads were offered as concessions with toll-collection rights, in public bids, dividing them in areas calles ""Corredores Viales"" (Road Corridors). In the same year, the Servicios Viales company won the maintenance and administration contact for Corredor Vial 8, which includes this road.In 2003 the contracts expired so a new round of public bidding was called for the concessions of the Corredores Viales. The numbering system was changed and a contract was signed with the Vial company for the newly renumbered Corredor Vial 3."
National Route A010 (Argentina),"National Route A010 is a highway in the northeast of Chubut Province, Argentina. It has a length of 6.5 km (4.0 mi) joining National Route 3 at its km marker 1,395, with the city of Puerto Madryn, in Biedma Department.
The road continues west of National Route 3 as Provincial Route 4. By National Decree #1595 of 1979 the section of Provincial Route 4 east of National Route 3 changed to federal control.
On km marker 2.2 there is the Puerto Madryn aero-club and airfield."
National Route A011 (Argentina),"National Route A011 is a road in the east of Formosa Province, Argentina. From the junction of National Route 3 on km marker 1,287 in Clorinda until the small village of Puerto Pilcomayo on the right bank of the Paraguay River, it runs for a length of 11 km (6.8 mi) all paved, numbered from km markers 1,287 to 1,298.
This road was part National Route 11 before, but due to the construction of the Puente internacional San Ignacio de Loyola it was renamed."
National Route A012 (Argentina),"National Route A012 is a road in the southeast of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It has a semi-circular length centered on the city of Rosario, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9 junction on km marker 278, in the town of Pueblo Esther, to the junction with National Route 11 on km marker 326 in the city of San Lorenzo it runs for 67 km (41.6 mi) all paved.
This road is popularly known as the Second Rosario Beltway, as it border the metropolitan area of greater Rosario (the third biggest city in Argentina). The First Rosario Beltway is National Route A008, which surrounds the city center.
Through National Decree 1595 of 1979 this road changed to federal control. Previously this road was called Provincial Route 16."
National Route A014 (Argentina),"National Route A014 is a 4-lane ring-road around the city of San Juan, San Juan Province, Argentina. It goes south from its junction with National Route 40.
The road traverses the San Juan departments of Capital, Rivadavia and Santa Lucía"
National Route A015 (Argentina),"National Route A015 is an Argentine highway connecting in the northeast of Entre Ríos Province. It has a length of 15 km (9 mi) all paved, from the junction with National Route 14 at km marker 269 in the small town of La Criolla to the Salto Grande Dam access-road."
National Route A019 (Argentina),"National Route A019 is a beltway road around the city of Córdoba, capital of Córdoba Province in Argentina. When the final section on the northwest sector finishes construction, it will have a length of 46 km (29 mi). As of 2006, there were a few kilometers unfinished between the access road to the Taravella (Córdoba) Airport and Provincial Route E53) and the Chateau Carreras football stadium."
"Nono, Córdoba","Nono is a municipality in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina ubicated to 150 km of the Capital. And it is also part of Traslasierra valley.

It features the Museo Rocsen, a self-styled ""multifaceted collection""."
Paseo del Bajo,"Paseo del Bajo - officially named Brigadier General Juan Manuel de Rosas, is a highway in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It joins the 25 de Mayo, Arturo Illia and Buenos Aires-La Plata highways. It has a length of 7.1 km (4 mi) with two lanes on each direction.It runs between Alicia M. de Justo, Ingeniero Huergo, Eduardo Madero, Antártida Argentina, and Ramón Castillo Avenues, through the barrios of Recoleta, Retiro, Puerto Madero, San Nicolás, Monserrat, San Telmo within the city of Buenos Aires. The freeway lanes are truck and bus only.This highway is operated by ""Autopistas Urbanas S.A."" (AUSA), a limited company that builts and operates highways within the city of Buenos Aires. Its main shareholder is the Government of the City."
Paso de las Tropas,"Is a natural spa situated in the locality of Nono in Traslasierra valley, Córdoba, Argentina. It runs along the river called Rio Chico, to 6 km from Nono center."
Pinamar Partido,"Pinamar Partido is a partido on the Atlantic coast of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. It limits with La Costa Partido to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the route 11/Interbalnearia to the west, and Villa Gesell Partido to the south.The provincial subdivision has a population of about 20,000 inhabitants in an area of 63 km2 (24 sq mi), and its capital city is Pinamar, which is around 349 km (217 mi) from Buenos Aires.
The Pinamar Partido was created on July 1, 1978, through Decree/Law 9.024/78 promulgated by the Provincial Government. Until then, the city of Pinamar had been part of General Madariaga Partido."
Potrero de los Funes Dam,"Lake Potrero de los Funes (Embalse Potrero de los Funes) is a reservoir 18 km (11 mi) northeast of San Luis, Argentina."
Puerto Madero,"Puerto Madero, also known within the urban planning community as the Puerto Madero Waterfront, is a barrio of Buenos Aires in the Central Business District. Occupying a significant portion of the Río de la Plata riverbank, it is the site for several high-rise buildings and luxurious hotels, featuring the latest architectural trends."
Rada Tilly,"Rada Tilly is a town in Escalante Department, Chubut Province (Patagonia), Argentina. The town is between Punta Piedras hill to the north and Punta del Marqués to the south.  Punta del Marqués, a geographical landmark on San Jorge Gulf, reaches a height of 167 metres (548 ft), and extends into the sea for 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi).
The area was first populated at least 9,000 years ago, and was first recorded by Captain Robert FitzRoy during his voyage on HMS Beagle in the early 1830s (best known for its impact on the naturalist Charles Darwin). The municipality was established on July 24, 1948, as part of a nature conservation effort in the area during the administration of President Juan Perón. It was named for the Marquess Francisco Everardo Tilly y Paredes, a captain of the Spanish Armada who defeated Portuguese forces on the Río de la Plata, in 1795; Rada is ""roadstead"" and also ""inlet"" in Spanish. The municipality is home to a growing population, which reached 6,208 in the 2001 Census, and has doubled every decade since 1980; its estimated population, per the provincial statistical bureau, was 9,226 in 2008. A beach resort city, Rada Tilly became one of the main recreational spots for visitors from nearby Comodoro Rivadavia, a city 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the north. Many people living primarily in Comodoro Rivadavia also own second homes in Rada Tilly. These second homes serve the purpose of a lake home or a cabin for many residents; thus providing an escape from the busy city life of el centro in Comodoro.

The main attraction of the city is its coastline, extending for 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi), covered in fine sand. This uninterrupted geographical feature allows for the enjoyment of numerous leisure activities such as football, beach volleyball, and walking, as well as windsurfing, kitesurfing, diving, snorkeling, trekking, motocross, and mountain bicycling. Landsailing (three-wheeled carts with a sail attached to them that move with the force of the wind) is a popular spectator sport in Rada Tilly, and the 2008 Landsailing World Cup was held on these beaches.
Rada Tilly features one of the longest Seabee seawalls in the world, comparable to that at Blackpool South Shore [UK], but comprising smaller units. The beach is very flat and is very wide at low tide. It is also quite dynamic, with back beach elevation varying by as much as 3m, depending on the season [as derived from photos on Panoramio]. The production techniques evolved by Corporacion Tecnologica Argentina produced over 500 units per shift.
Rada Tilly is also a popular fishing destination, and the wide range of fish includes salmon, hake, and sea bass, among others."
Río Chico de Nono,"The Río Chico de Nono is a stream in the Traslasierra Valley, Province of Córdoba, Argentina. The natural spas of Los Remansos and Paso de las Tropas are located along the river."
"Rivadavia Department, San Juan","Rivadavia is a department of the province of San Juan (Argentina). Located in the central southern part of Argentina, in the northeast section of the Valle del Tulum The city of San Juan is located in the west of this region, which is part of the conurbation, Grand San Juan. It is the capital city of the department of the same name, and is the government seat. It has various municipal edifices, including the police headquarters, and an important hospital, Marcial Quiroga."
Road of the Seven Lakes,"The Road of the Seven Lakes (Spanish: Camino de los Siete Lagos) is the popular name given to the scenic portion of national route 40 between the towns of San Martín de los Andes and Villa La Angostura in the Neuquén Province, in Patagonia  Argentina.The 107 km road that crosses the Lanín and Nahuel Huapi national parks provides access to several lakes in the forest area of the Patagonic Andes, as well as to other sights.
The seven most important lakes on the way of the road after which the route is named are:

Machónico
Escondido
Correntoso
Espejo
Lácar
Falkner
VillarinoOther lakes accessible through secondary paths include the Meliquina, Hermoso, Traful and Espejo chico lakes."
San Martín de los Andes,"San Martín de los Andes is a city in the south-west of the province of Neuquén, Argentina, serving as the administration centre of the Lácar Department. Lying at the foot of the Andes, on the Lácar lake, it is considered one of the main tourism destinations in the province. The National Route 40 runs to the city, connecting it with important touristic points in the south of the province, such as Lanín and Nahuel Huapí national parks.
The city was founded in 1898 as a military outpost to secure the Argentine sovereignty over the area. The economy of the then-mountain village was based on wood logging and husbandry until the opening of the Lanín National Park in 1937, when tourism became the main industry. Migration from different parts of the world, such as Europe and the Middle East, as well as from neighboring Chile and other Argentine provinces, contributed to the population growth."
Santa María de Punilla,"Santa Maria de Punilla is a town in the Punilla Department in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The town has a population of 9,526 inhabitants (INDEC, 2010 ) and is located on National Route 38, and the Tren de las Sierras line of the General Manuel Belgrano Railway. The center of Santa Maria de Punilla is located approximately 50 km northwest of the state's capital city of Córdoba and 3 km south of the city of, Cosquín.
The municipality is also located on the banks of the Cosquín River. Originally, the area belonged to an indigenous Comechingón community known as ""Toaén"", encompassing what is now Santa Maria, Cosquín, Bialet Massé and neighboring areas."
Santa Rosa de Calamuchita,"Santa Rosa de Calamuchita is a small village in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. It had about 10,000 inhabitants at the 2001 census [INDEC]. The village is located in the center of the Calamuchita Valley, in the middle of a landscape that includes hills (the Sierras) as well as rivers and lakes; the area is a major tourist attraction. Other important nearby towns in the Valley are Villa General Belgrano and Embalse (the latter is home to a nuclear power plant)."
"Valle Hermoso, Argentina","Valle Hermoso is a small town in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, located 75 km (47 mi) from the city of Córdoba and 800 km (500 mi) from Buenos Aires. It had about 5,500 inhabitants at the 2001 census [INDEC].
Valle Hermoso ('Beautiful Valley') is one of a number of small towns straddling Route 38 and the now disused railway line, which runs through the Punilla Valley from the south, and the city of Córdoba, north to La Rioja.  The town's central district contains commercial stores and a number of hotels.
Valle Hermoso sits at an altitude of about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) providing a temperate climate. It is high enough to moderate summer heat yet low enough that winters are mild.  Tourism peaks during the summer months of December through February when town population can double. Several large, old, hotels, such as El Peñón and El Castillo are in the area. Hotel Vaquerías, over a century old, sits in a hillside niche with artesian springs, swimming, and horseback riding.""Vaquerías"" or ""place of cattle"" is a natural funnel where vaqueros (cowboys) would drive the cattle from the grazing pastures for branding, birthing, or collection.  Today, La Reserva Natural de Vaquerías is a nature preserve dedicated to preventing construction at or alteration of the area's natural environment, fauna and flora."
Villa Carlos Paz,"Villa Carlos Paz (locally [ˈbiʝa ˈkaɾlos ˈpas]) is a city in the center-north of the province of Córdoba, Argentina, in the south of the Punilla Valley, lying on the western slope of the Sierras Chicas. It has a population of about 56,000 as per the 2001 census [INDEC]. The area of Punilla is a major tourist destination on the national level, and Villa Carlos Paz is in turn the most important city of Punilla, favoured by its closeness (36 km (22 mi)) to the populous Córdoba City, the capital of the province. Popular tourist activities include bathing in one of the
many rivers, fishing, evening shows, kite surfing, windsurfing, hiking and mountain biking."
Villa Dolores,"Villa Dolores is a city in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, located in the southwestern side of the province. It has a population of 29,854 inhabitants.
Although it is one of the smallest cities in Córdoba, many other provinces rely on Villa Dolores for its major export in potatoes. Wine consumption is also a large trait in this town having its own import route from the capital city of wine in Argentina, Mendoza."
Villa General Belgrano,"Villa General Belgrano is a mountain village in the valley of Calamuchita in the Province of Córdoba in central Argentina. As of 2010 it had 8,257 inhabitants.
The settlement is named after Manuel Belgrano, the Argentine independence hero and designer of the Argentine flag."
Villa Gesell,"Villa Gesell is a seaside resort city in Villa Gesell Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It was founded in 1931, with the intention of turning a dune field into a timber plantation. The growth of the city allowed it to annex the nearby cities of Mar de las Pampas, Las Gaviotas and Mar Azul."
Villa La Angostura,"Villa La Angostura (Spanish for Town of the Narrowing) is a town located in the Los Lagos Department in the south of the Argentine province of Neuquén, on the northwest shore of the Nahuel Huapi Lake.
Nestled in the northern part of the Nahuel Huapi National Park, and surrounded by lakes, forests and mountains, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful locations in the mountainous parts of Patagonia; earning it the nickname Garden of Patagonia (Spanish: Jardín de la Patagonia).Just located a couple of kilometers away from the border with Chile through the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass and with other nearby places such as Bariloche and San Martín de los Andes, it forms a popular tourist corridor during both summer and winter."
Villa Nougués,"Villa Nougués is a settlement in Lules Department, Tucumán Province, in northern Argentina."
Villa Traful,"Villa Traful is a hamlet of the Argentine province of Neuquén located at the shore of the Traful Lake, at 720 metres above mean sea level. It is located inside the Nahuel Huapi National Park on the Road of the Seven lakes, 60 km from Villa La Angostura and 100 km from Bariloche, at 40°40′S 71°24′W. The main access is Provincial Route 65. The town was founded in 1936 by the Argentine National Park Administration (DPN).
It's composed of about 80 houses, built in traditional Alpine-Andine architecture that combines wood with stone, and its population is over 400 inhabitants. The most important part of the economy is based on tourism, especially sport fishing, trekking, horseback riding and mountaineering. Since Villa Traful is inside a National Park, fishing and mountaineering are allowed only with authorisation. Tourism is concentrated generally in summer and spring, while in winter there are almost no tourist."
Tourism in Armenia,"Tourism in Armenia has been a key sector to the Armenian economy since the 1990s when tourist numbers exceeded half a million people visiting the country every year (mostly ethnic Armenians from the Diaspora). The Armenian Ministry of Economy reports that most international tourists come from Russia, EU states, the United States and Iran. Though relatively small in size, Armenia has four UNESCO world heritage sites.

Despite internal and external problems, the number of incoming tourists has been continually increasing since 2007. 2019 saw a record high of over 1.9 million inbound tourists. Most tourists focus their trip in Yerevan, the capital, where the majority of travel agencies, attractions and hotels are located.
Outdoor activities, sightseeing and nature tourism seem to be the primary attractions. Tsaghkadzor, Jermuk, Dilijan are known as mountainous resorts, which are outside of the capital. Tourists stay at the hotels of those towns in order to engage in extended trips over all Armenia without returning to Yerevan every day. The classical sightseeing trips to Armenia are popular not only among tourists, but also with the local population. Mountaineering, camping, hiking and other kinds of outdoor activities are also common."
Tourism in Australia,"Tourism in Australia is an important part of the Australian economy, and comprises domestic and international visitors. Australia is the fortieth most visited country in the world according to the World Tourism Organization. In the financial year 2018/19, tourism was Australia's fourth-largest export and over the previous decade was growing faster than national GDP growth. At the time it represented 3.1% of Australia's GDP contributing A$60.8 billion to the national economy.In the calendar year up to December 2019, there were 8.7 million international visitors in Australia. Tourism employed 666,000 people in Australia in 2018–19, 1 in 21 jobs across the workforce. About 48% of people employed in tourism were full-time and 54% female  Tourism also contributed 8.2% of Australia's total export earnings in 2018–19.Popular Australian destinations include the coastal cities of Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne, as well as other high-profile destinations including regional Queensland, the Gold Coast and the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest reef. Other popular locations include Uluru, the Australian outback and the Tasmanian wilderness. The unique Australian wildlife is also another significant point of interest in the country's tourism."
Australia Week,"Australia Week is a promotion of ""all things Australian"" held annually in the United States."
The Best Job in the World (advertising),"In 2009, Tourism Queensland promoted the Great Barrier Reef as a global tourism destination with a website encouraging people worldwide to apply for The Best Job In The World, to be a ""Caretaker of the Islands"" to ""house-sit"" the islands of the Great Barrier Reef for half a year, based on Hamilton Island.
The winner was Ben Southall,
who beat over 34 thousand candidates."
James Northfield,"James Northfield (1887–1973) was an Australian graphic artist active from the 1910s through to the 1960s. He illustrated many commercial and government advertisements which depict Australian scenery, wildlife and daily life and also demonstrate the priorities of the government of the day.Northfield is best known as the designer of a series of posters for the Australian National Travel Association, who commissioned him, alongside Percy Trompf, Walter Jardine, Eileen Mayo, Gert Sellheim and C. Dudley Wood to promote Australian holiday destinations to local and overseas travellers. Many of these 'Travel Poster' designs were included in the 1999–2000 exhibition Follow the Sun – Australian travel posters 1930s–1950s at the National Library of Australia, and in various other public exhibitions.Northfield also created a series of patriotic posters during World War II.A detailed monograph of Northfield's work, James Northfield and the Art of Selling Australia, has been completed by author Michelle Hetherington of the National Museum of Australia."
Postcards (TV series),Postcards is an Australian holiday and travel television series on the Nine Network.
Schoolies week,"Schoolies or schoolies week (also known as leavers' or leavers' week in Queensland and Western Australia and coasties in the Australian Capital Territory) refers to the Australian tradition of high-school graduates (also known as ""schoolies"" or ""leavers"") having week-long holidays following the end of their final exams in late November and early December.
""Toolies"" refers to older revellers who participate in Schoolies week but are not high-school graduates.  ""Foolies"" refers to younger adolescents, who participate in Schoolies week but have not yet graduated from high school. Schoolies week is seen as a final party with schoolmates before they head their separate ways."
Shrimp on the barbie,"""Shrimp on the barbie"" is a phrase that originated in a series of television advertisements by the Australian Tourism Commission broadcast in the US and UK starring Paul Hogan from 1984 through to 1990. The full quote spoken by Hogan is ""I'll slip an extra shrimp on the barbie for you"", and the actual slogan of the ad was ""Come and say G'day"". It has since been used, along with some variations, to make reference to Australia in popular culture, however the phrase is rarely actually used in Australia. Very few use the word 'shrimp' in Australia (the word most commonly used is 'prawn') and the phrase is often perceived as American."
So where the bloody hell are you?,"So where the bloody hell are you? was a A$180 million advertising campaign launched by Tourism Australia in 2006. It was created by the Sydney office of advertising agency M&C Saatchi, under the approval of Scott Morrison (the future Prime Minister of Australia), who was then managing director of Tourism Australia.The advertisements featured Australians preparing for visitors to their country. It begins in an Outback pub with the barkeeper saying, ""We've poured you a beer"". Further imagery to a similar effect is then shown, including a young boy on the beach saying, ""We've got the sharks out of the pool,"" and partygoers watching fireworks on the Sydney harbour, who say ""We've turned on the lights"". The commercial ends with bikini-clad model Lara Bingle at Fingal Bay stepping out of the ocean and asking, ""So where the bloody hell are you?""
The campaign received extensive press coverage both in Australia and overseas, particularly after it was banned in the United Kingdom. It enjoyed a mixed reception, being praised for its provocativeness and memorability but also being criticised as inappropriate for a tourism campaign. It was pulled from the air in 2008."
Percy Trompf,"Percival Albert Trompf (1902–1964), was an Australian commercial artist, best known for his travel posters, books, advertising hoardings and pamphlets promoting the nation's tourist industry and Australian and international corporations and companies. His colour lithography was recognised as distinctive during his career and since, Art Deco in style, and innovative in its use of flat colour. Some of his designs depicted historical events, including the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and Captain Cook's landing at Botany Bay, and advanced the iconic value of Australian destinations including the Outback, The Great Barrier Reef, and national identity and activities of sun-worship, surfing and bushwalking, using a visual language of modernity, promotion and consumerism. In turn his imagery has since become valued for its nostalgic evocation of the early mid-century and his posters have become collectible 'national treasures' that are frequently exhibited."
Marie Watson-Blake,"Marie Watson-Blake (6 August 1927 - 21 April 1993) was a business leader in the tourism and travel industries in Queensland, Australia.
She founded Jetset Travel and ran its Queensland operation. She also had an interest in philanthropy and the arts.At the time of her death, she was the deputy chairman of the Queensland Tourist and Travel Corporation.Watson-Blake was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II and the Labor government of Australia."
Tourism in Austria,"Tourism in Austria forms an important part of the country's economy, accounting for almost 9% of the Austrian gross domestic product. Austria has one guest bed for every six inhabitants, and boasts the highest per capita income from tourism in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. As of 2007, the total number of tourist overnight stays is roughly the same for summer and winter season, with peaks in February and July/August.In 2007, Austria ranked 9th worldwide in international tourism receipts, with 18.9 billion US$. In international tourist arrivals, Austria ranked 12th with 30.8 million tourists."
Austrian Alpine Club,"The Austrian Alpine Club (German: Österreichischer Alpenverein) has about 573,000 members in 196 sections and is the largest mountaineering organisation in Austria. It is responsible for the upkeep of over 234 alpine huts in Austria and neighbouring countries. It also maintains over 26,000 kilometres of footpaths, and produces detailed maps of key mountain areas within Austria. Much of this work is done by the association's 22,000 volunteers. The association has a museum in Innsbruck dedicated to the history of alpinism. It also has sections in Belgium and the United Kingdom, and a group in Poland."
"Fugging, Upper Austria","Fugging (German: [ˈfʊkɪŋ] (listen)), spelt Fucking until 2021, is an Austrian village in the municipality of Tarsdorf, located in the Innviertel region of western Upper Austria. It is 33 km (21 mi) north of Salzburg and 4 km (2.5 mi) east of the Inn river, which forms part of the German border.
Despite a population of only 106 in 2020, the village has drawn attention in the English-speaking world for its former name, which was spelled the same as an inflected form of the vulgar English-language word ""fuck"". Its road signs were a popular visitor attraction and were often stolen by souvenir-hunting vandals until 2005, when they were modified to be theft-resistant. A campaign to change the village's name to Fugging was rejected in 2004 but succeeded in late 2020.

"
Highline179,"Highline179 is located near Reutte on the Bavarian-Austrian Border, it extends at an altitude of 114 meters (374 ft) above the Ehrenberg castle and connects the Ehrenberg ruins with Fort Claudia. The location of the bridge was chosen so that they could build it with a span of 403 meters (1,322 ft)."
Tourism in Azerbaijan,"Tourism in Azerbaijan has been an important sector of the Azerbaijani economy since the 1990s. According to Azerbaijan's Center for Economic and Social Development, the country is in 39th place among 148 countries in tourism competitiveness indicators. The World Travel and Tourism Council reported that Azerbaijan is among the top ten countries with the greatest increase in visitor exports from 2010 to 2016. The country had the world's fastest-developing travel and tourism economy (a 46.1% increase) in 2017. To promote tourism, Azerbaijan sponsored Atlético Madrid jerseys reading ""Azerbaijan – Land of Fire"". In 2018, a new tourism brand and a slogan ""take another look"" were introduced."
Fizuli Alakbarov,Fizuli Alakbarov Hasan oglu (Azerbaijani: Füzuli Ələkbərov Həsən oğlu) is an Azerbaijani politician who serves as the Minister of Labor and Social Protection of Population of Azerbaijan Republic.
Azerbaijan Tourism Association,"Azerbaijan Tourism Association (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Turizm Assosiasiyası), or AzTA, is one of the tourism organizations in Azerbaijan. The main goal of AzTA is to amalgamate and manage nearly all tourism companies in the country."
"Heydar Aliyev Park, Ganja","The Heydar Aliyev Park Complex (Azerbaijani: Heydər Əliyev Park-Kompleksi) is the largest urban park in Ganja, Azerbaijan located on an area of 450 hectares. It includes within its boundaries fountains and decorated garden plots, an amphitheater, “Triumphal arch”, Youth Center, Heydar Aliyev Center, Museum of Modern Art, a waterfall and an artificial lake in addition to thousands of trees. The Park Complex was opened in 2014."
List of tourist attractions in Ganja,"Ganja, a popular tourist destination in Azerbaijan, is the second largest city in the country. The city is located 400–450 meters above sea level, and lies on the Ganja-Gazakh plain in the Kur-Araz lowland in the west of Azerbaijan, 375 km away from Baku. It is situated at the north-eastern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus mountain ranges on the Ganjachay river. Ganja offers a variety of tourist attractions, including its nature, historical sights, monuments, museums, theaters and other places."
Fazil Mammadov,"Fazil Mammadov Asad oglu (Azerbaijani: Fazil Məmmədov Əsəd oğlu; 28 March 1964 – 4 November 2022) the first Minister of Taxes of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2000–2017), first class adviser of the state tax service, president of the Azerbaijan Field Hockey Federation (2001–2015), president of the Azerbaijan Wrestling Federation (2007–2018), president of the Azerbaijan Cycling Federation (2011– 2021)."
Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan),The Ministry of Culture of Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Mədəniyyət Nazirliyi) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulation of the activities and promotion of Azerbaijani culture. The ministry is headed by Anar Karimov.
Tourism in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic,"The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is one of the touristic regions of Azerbaijan with its flora and fauna, climate, and ancient cultural monuments. Nakhchivan is known for its historical monuments such as Momuna Khatun, Yusif ibn Kuseyir, Gulustan tombs, and Garabaghlar. There are other touristic places like Babek castle, Kilit cave, Alinja castle, and Gamigaya in Nakhchivan.Nakhchivan is also famous for religious holy places and sanctuaries such as Ashabi-Kahf and Prophet Noah's grave tomb.There have been improvements in the infrastructure facilities in the recent years. Newly established resort parks, restoration of ancient monuments, reestablishment of Daridagh arsenic water dispensary and Duzdagh and Badamli physiotherapy hospitals have been parts of these improvements.In addition, Nakhchivan hosted conferences, which helped to develop its tourism. In 2006, “Tourism, Development and Perspectives” conference was held in Nakhchivan. “Religious and Health Tourism: Organization of Spiritual and Physical Rest” conference was held in 2008, which was attended by the representatives from member countries of the Organization of Islamic Conference.Nakhchivan is also homeland of many ancient and medieval Turkish – Islamic cultural and historical monuments. In 2009, The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic was announced as “the Asian region's Capital of Islamic Culture for 2018” at the 6th Conference of Culture Ministers of OIC Member States, held in Baku."
State Tourism Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan,State Tourism Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a governmental body established according to the decree of the president of Azerbaijan on the improvement of public administration in the field of culture and tourism.
Tourism in the Bahamas,
Tourism in Bahrain,Tourism in Bahrain: Bahrain receives four million tourists a year. Most visitors are from Arab states of the Persian Gulf but there are an increasing number of tourists from outside the region.
Adhari Park,"Adhari Park is an amusement park in the Kingdom of Bahrain based around the historic freshwater spring known as Ain Adhari (Arabic: عين عذاري) which is located around the Zinj area. In 2003, the site was remodeled and it became a major tourist attraction. In 2006, it was remodeled at a cost of over $23,000,000 US dollars. In 2007, the park is projected to receive over a million visitors. It had opened to the public in 2008 and covers an area of 165,000 square meters. It has 8 outdoor and indoor rides for people of all ages, a Family Entertainment Centre, 1 food outlet at the Food Court, dine in restaurant, and coffee shops.[2]. It has 1200 parking spaces."
Bahrain Grand Prix,"The Bahrain Grand Prix (Arabic: جائزة البحرين الكبرى), officially known as the Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix for sponsorship reasons, is a Formula One motor racing event in Bahrain. The first race took place at the Bahrain International Circuit on 4 April 2004. It made history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East, and was given the award for the ""Best Organised Grand Prix"" by the FIA. The race has in the past been the third race of the Formula One calendar. However, in the 2006 season, Bahrain swapped places with the traditional opener, the Australian Grand Prix, which was pushed back to avoid a clash with the Commonwealth Games. In 2010, Bahrain staged the opening race of the 2010 season and the cars drove the full 6.299 km (3.914 mi) ""Endurance Circuit"" to celebrate F1's 'diamond jubilee'. In 2021, the Bahrain Grand Prix was the season opener again because the 2021 Australian Grand Prix was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The 2011 edition, due to be held on 13 March, was cancelled on 21 February due to the 2011 Bahraini protests after drivers including Damon Hill and Mark Webber had protested. Human rights activists called for a cancellation of the 2012 race due to reports of human rights abuses committed by the Bahraini authorities. Team personnel also voiced concerns about safety, but the race, nonetheless, was held as planned on 22 April 2012.
In 2014, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the first staging of the Bahrain Grand Prix, the race was held as a night event under floodlights. In so doing it became the second Formula One night race after the Singapore Grand Prix in 2008. Bahrain's inaugural night event was won by Lewis Hamilton. Subsequent races have also been night races."
Bahrain Pearling Trail,"The Bahrain Pearling Path is a serial cultural heritage site inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on June 30, 2012. It consists of three oyster beds in the northern waters of Bahrain, a segment of the coast and the seafront Bu Mahir fort in the southern tip of Muharraq Island, and 17 buildings in historical section of Muharraq connected by a 3.5 km visitor pathway.The site is Bahrain's second World Heritage Site after the Bahrain Fort. Though the site was inscribed under the label: ""Pearling, testimony of an island economy"" by the Bahrain Authority for Culture and Antiquities, the international media has consistently referred to it as the ""Pearling Path""."
Barbar Temple,"The Barbar Temple is an archaeological site located in the village of Barbar, Bahrain, considered to be part of the Dilmun culture. The most recent of the three Barbar temples was rediscovered by a Danish archaeological team in 1954. A further two temples were discovered on the site with the oldest dating back to 3000 BC. The temples were built of limestone blocks, believed to have been carved out from Jidda Island."
Dilmun Burial Mounds,"The Dilmun Burial Mounds (Arabic: مدافن دلمون) are a UNESCO World Heritage Site comprising necropolis areas on the  main island of Bahrain dating back to the Dilmun and the Umm al-Nar culture. 
Bahrain has been known since ancient times as an island with a very large number of burials, the (originally) quite a number of square kilometres of mounds were said to be one of the largest cemeteries in the ancient world. The cemeteries are concentrated in the north of the island, on the hard stony areas slightly above the arable farming soils – the south of the island is mainly sandy and desert-like. Recent studies have shown that the estimated/approximately 350,000 ancient grave mounds could have been solely produced by the local population over a number of thousands of years. The graves are not all of the same era, or of exactly the same styles, and can vary considerably in size in different areas of the moundfield.  Research, under the auspices of the Bahrain National Museum (with the Bahrain Historical and Archaeological Society taking a keen interest), is still continuing, to establish a firm timeline for all these variations and continuations, as well as considering the implications for the society or societies that produced them."
Diraz Temple,"The Diraz Temple (also referred to as Duraz Temple, Maabet al Diraz, Daraz Temple, Arabic: معبد الدراز) is located on the side of Budaiya Highway, in the village of Diraz in Bahrain. No concrete evidence has been found to determine which god(s) the temple was dedicated for.
The architectural characteristics are unique not only in Bahrain (see Barbar Temple for comparison), but also when compared to Mesopotamian or Indus Valley temple sites from a similar era."
Mountain of Smoke,"The Mountain of Smoke (Arabic: جبل الدخان, Jabal al Dukhan) is a hill in the Southern Governorate of Bahrain. At 134 m (440 ft) above mean sea level, it is the country's highest point. The Mountain of Smoke is named as such because of the haze which often surrounds it on humid days. A number of caves of indeterminate type are in the vicinity of the mountain.Flint dating to the Stone Age has been found on and around the hill."
Siyadi House,"Siyadi House, also known as Bayt Siyadi (Arabic: بيت سيادي) is a historic building in Muharraq City, Kingdom of Bahrain. It is part of a larger complex of buildings constructed for the pearl merchant Abdullah bin Isa Siyadi, which further includes a mosque and a majlis. While the Siyadi House was built under Ahmad bin Jassim Siyadi, the construction of the Siyadi Majlis was initiated by Ahmad bin Jassim Siyadi and the Siyadi Mosque was a shared initiative of Isa and Jassim bin Ahmad Siyadi. It is also a part of the Bahrain pearling trail, the second UNESCO World Heritage Site in the country."
Tree of Life (Bahrain),"The Tree of Life (Shajarat-al-Hayat) in Bahrain is a 9.75 meters (32 feet) high Prosopis cineraria tree that is over 400 years old. It is on a hill in a barren area of the Arabian Desert, 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) from Jebel Dukhan, the highest point in Bahrain, and 40 kilometers from Manama.The tree is abundantly covered in green leaves. Due to its age and the fact that it is the only major tree growing in the area, the tree is a local tourist attraction and is visited by approximately 65,000 people every year. The yellow resin is used to make candles, aromatics and gum; the beans are processed into meal, jam, and wine.It is not certain how the tree survives. Bahrain has little to no rain throughout the year. Its roots are 50 meters deep, which may be enough to reach the water. Others say the tree has learned to extract moisture from grains of sand. Some claim that the tree is standing in what was once the Garden of Eden, and so has a more mystical source of water.In 2009, the tree was nominated to the New 7 Wonders of Nature list, but it did not finish on the list.In October 2010, archaeologists unearthed 500-year-old pottery and other artefacts in the vicinity of the tree. A soil and dendrochronology analysis conducted in the 1990s concluded that the tree was an Acacia planted in 1582.The tree was mentioned in the 1991 film L.A. Story, where Steve Martin calls it one of the most mystical places on Earth."
Tourism in Bangladesh,"Tourism in Bangladesh includes tourism to World Heritage Sites, historical monuments, resorts, beaches, picnic spots, forests, tribal people, and wildlife of various species. Activities for tourists include angling, water skiing, river cruising, hiking, rowing, yachting, and sea bathing.In the northern part, comprising the Rajshahi division, there are archaeological sites, including the temple city Puthia in Rajshahi; the largest and most ancient archaeological site, Mahasthangarh in Bogra; the single largest Buddhist monastery, Paharpur in Naogaon; the most ornamental terracotta Hindu temple, Kantaji Temple, and many rajbaris or palaces of old zamindars.
In the southeastern part of the Chittagong Division, there are natural and hilly areas like the Chittagong Hill Tracts, along with sandy sea beaches. The most notable beach, in Cox's Bazar, is a contender for the title of the longest unbroken sandy sea beach in the world.In the southwestern part, mainly the Khulna Division, there is the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world with the royal Bengal tiger and spotted deer. The historically and architecturally significant sixty domed mosques in Bagerhat are notable sites. In the northeastern part of the Sylhet division, there is a green carpet of tea plants on small hillocks. Natural reserved forests are great attractions. Migratory birds in winter are also beautiful, particularly in the haor areas.
The Ministry of Tourism and The Civil Aviation Ministry designs national policies for developing and promoting tourism. The Ministry also maintains the Beautiful Bangladesh campaign. Bangladesh Government has formed a Tourist Police unit to protect local and foreign tourists better and look after the nature and wildlife in the tourist spots."
Balakair Paddabil,"Balakair Paddabil is located at Balakair of Karpara Union under Gopal Ganj Sadar Upazila in Gopal Ganj District Bangladesh. Balakair Paddabil is one of the most scenic natural tourist attractions to see lotus flower of Bangladesh in an area of ​​about a thousand bighas of water landform. It is the only lotus flower area in Bangladesh. Many visitors from different parts of Bangladesh and also from abroad come together to see its natural beauties during the lotus  flower's season.

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Bandarban District,"Bandarban (Bengali: বান্দরবান, Chakma: 𑄝𑄚𑄴𑄘𑄧𑄢𑄴𑄝𑄚𑄴, Marma: ဘန်ဒါဘန်) is a district in South-Eastern Bangladesh, and a part of the Chittagong Division. It is one of the three hill districts of Bangladesh and a part of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the others being Rangamati District and Khagrachhari District. Bandarban district (4,479 km2) is not only the most remote district of the country, but also the least populous (population 388,000). There is an army contingent at Bandarban Cantonment.

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Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation,"Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation (BPC) (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পর্যটন করপোরেশন) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism of Bangladesh, tasked to promote the tourism industry of the country. It is the National Tourism Organization of the country. Recently Bangladesh Government has formed Tourist Police unit to better protect local and foreign tourists as well as look after the nature and wildlife in the tourist spots."
Bangladesh Tourism Board,"The Bangladesh Tourism Board (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পর্যটন বোর্ড) is the national tourism organisation of Bangladesh, responsible for promoting tourism and providing necessary training and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ahmed Jaber is the present CEO of the board."
Cox's Bazar Beach,"Cox's Bazar Beach (Bengali: কক্সবাজার সমুদ্র সৈকত), located at Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, is the longest natural sea beach in the world running 120 kilometres (75 mi) and 5th longest beach after Praia do Cassino of Brazil,  Padre Island on the US Gulf Coast, Eighty Mile Beach in Western Australia, and Ninety Mile Beach of Australia. It is the top tourist destination of Bangladesh.

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Kuakata,Kuakata (Bengali: কুয়াকাটা) (Burmese/Rakhine/Arakanese:ကုအာကာတ) is a town in southern Bangladesh known for its panoramic sea beach. Kuakata beach is a sandy expanse 18 kilometres (11 mi) long and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide. From the beach one can have an unobstructed view of both sunrise and sunset over the Bay of Bengal.
Kuakata Beach,"Kuakata Beach (Bengali: কুয়াকাটা সমুদ্র সৈকত) is a beach situated in Kuakata, Patuakhali District, Bangladesh. Its length is 18 km.It is known as ""Sagor Konya"" (Daughter of Sea). It is one of top tourist attraction in Bangladesh but due to pollution, uncontrolled tourism and other issues Kuakata Beach is losing its beauty."
Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism,"The Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism (Bengali: বেসামরিক বিমান পরিবহন ও পর্যটন মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Bēsāmarika bimāna paribahana ō paryaṭana mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for development and regulation of civil aviation and the regulation of the Bangladeshi tourism industry and the promotion of the Bangladesh as a tourist destination."
Rangamati Hill District,"Rangamati Hill District (Chakma:𑄢𑄁𑄉𑄟𑄖𑄧𑄖𑄬 𑄟𑄯𑄚𑄧 𑄥𑄉𑄣) is a district in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chattogram Division, and the town of Rangamati serves as the headquarters of the district. By area, Rangamati is the largest district of the country."
Sandwip,"Sandwip (Bengali: সন্দ্বীপ, romanized: Shondip) is an island located along the southeastern coast of Bangladesh in the Chattogram District. Along with the island of Urir Char,Jahajjar Char and those are the part of the Sandwip Upazila.

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Tourist Police (Bangladesh),"Tourist Police (Bengali: ট্যুরিস্ট পুলিশ) is a special branch of the Bangladesh Police, responsible for investigating crimes against tourists and providing security in tourist areas. Additional IG Habibur Rahman is the chief of Tourist Police."
Tourism in Barbados,
Barbados National Trust,"The Barbados National Trust, founded in 1960, is an organisation which works to preserve and protect the natural and artistic heritage of Barbados and to increase public awareness of the country's historic and architectural treasures. These include a number of different cemeteries, gardens, historic houses, nature reserves, park areas, windmills and coastal areas. 

The Trust also runs museums displaying a collection of artefacts owned and made by Barbadians, as well as an education programme, focusing on the island's history and what it means to the future.
The Barbados National Trust has built a good working relationship with other National Trusts worldwide, equally with the organisations and their members, in places such as Canada, Scotland, England, Ireland, Wales, and the United States."
Counterpart Caribbean,"Future Centre Trust (FCT), also known previously as Counterpart Caribbean, is an environmental organization based on the Caribbean island of Barbados. FCT aims to work with wider organizations such as UNCED to concentrate on economic and tourist activity in Barbados that is based on sustainable development for future generations on the island, the region and the wider world.
As of September 2009, the organisation is chaired by Mrs Vivian-Anne Gittens and pays specific attention to the education of children in the environment of Barbados."
Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Centre,"The Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Centre (formerly known as the Sherbourne Conference Centre) is a conference centre facility on the Caribbean island of Barbados. Owned by the government of Barbados and managed by the government agency Barbados Conference Services Limited (BCSL), the Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Centre is just outside the capital city of Bridgetown, in St. Michael.

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Saint Lawrence Gap,"Saint Lawrence Gap, Christ Church is one of the best-known neighbourhoods in the country of Barbados. Sometimes just called ""the Gap"", Saint Lawrence Gap is located on the southern coast of Barbados along the island's Highway 7. Found between Oistins to the east and Worthing to the west, Saint Lawrence Gap features a 1.5-kilometer stretch of bars, hotels, dance clubs, restaurants, inns, resorts, and shops along a white powdery-sand beachfront.  It is situated roughly 5 km southeast of the capital city Bridgetown.
The area was upgraded in recent years as part of the government's Urban Renewal and Development programme. Upgrades included a new boardwalk, street lighting, road paving and re-development of the Dover Beach area (new beach facilities and food and shopping kiosks).The area has one small church: St. Lawrence by the Sea. There are larger hotels to the eastern end of the neighbourhood, including a Sandals resort and other large hotels such as the Divi Southwinds and Turtle Beach, while the bars and restaurants are to a heavier concentration to the area's western end. There is a small minimarket in the centre of St. Lawrence Gap and one to its eastern end. Scotiabank have a branch in the centre of the resort. To the eastern end of Saint Lawrence Gap, there is a playing field used for football and cricket."
Tourism in Belgium,"Tourism in Belgium is one of Belgium's industries. Its accessibility from elsewhere in Europe makes it a popular tourist destination. The tourist industry generates 2.8% of Belgium's gross domestic product and employs 3.3% of the working population (142,000 people). 6.7 million people travelled to Belgium in 2005. Two-thirds of them come from the larger nearby countries - France, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Germany; there are also many tourists from Spain and Italy.
Like many national institutions in Belgium, the national tourist agencies are split along regional lines with two tourist agencies. They are the Belgian Tourist Office Brussels & Wallonia for the regions of Wallonia and Brussels Capital-Region, and Toerisme Vlaanderen covering Flanders, although it covers Brussels as well.
In 1993, 2% of the total workforce was employed in tourism, less than in many neighbouring countries. Much of the tourism industry is located either on the heavily developed coastline or in the Ardennes. Brussels and the Flemish cities of Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp, Leuven, and Mechelen, the Flemish Cities of Art, attract many cultural tourists. Much tourism in Brussels is business tourism.
Belgium was ranked 21st on the World Economic Forum's 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness report. The country was placed 4th for ""health and hygiene"" and 6th for ""ground and port infrastructure"", but only 105th in the world for ""price competitiveness"" and 122nd for ""natural resources"". In recent years, the number of international tourists has exponentially grown as key figures shown by Tourisme Vlaanderen."
Les Plus Beaux Villages de Wallonie,"Les Plus Beaux Villages de Wallonie (French; in English: ""The Most Beautiful Villages of Wallonia"") is a non-profit organisation formed in 1994 to promote, protect and develop a number of villages in Wallonia, Belgium.
The association is inspired by the organisation Les plus beaux villages de France and is established as an ASBL in Belgium. It is affiliated to the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World.
Les Plus Beaux Villages de Wallonie organises events such as Un Dimanche, un Beau Village (""one Sunday, one beautiful village""), where one village is highlighted and promoted each week, and activities take place to allow visitors to explore the culture and heritage of the village.

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"St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent","Saint Bavo's Cathedral, also known as Sint-Baafs Cathedral (Dutch: Sint Baafskathedraal), is a cathedral of the Catholic Church in Ghent, Belgium. The 89-meter-tall Gothic building is the seat of the Diocese of Ghent and is named for Saint Bavo of Ghent. It contains the well-known Ghent Altarpiece."
Europalia,"Europalia is a major international arts festival held every two years to celebrate one invited country’s cultural heritage. Europalia was established in Brussels in 1969, and from the beginning Europalia was designed to be a multidisciplinary cultural festival.
Its name is a combination of two words: ""Europe"" and ""Opalia"", an ancient Roman harvest festival held in mid-December in honour of Ops, earth-goddess and fertility deity. Her name lies at the root of the Latin word ""Opus"", that denotes a work of art.
The main Europalia events traditionally take place in the Belgian capital, but many other cities across the country also host exhibitions and performances. For several years other European cities (in the Netherlands, France, Luxembourg and Germany) have been associated with Europalia and also offer activities on the festival programme.
From the beginning of October to January, the culture of the invited country is illustrated in a prestigious series of exhibitions — ancient, modern and contemporary art, photography, crafts, mode and design — and also a variety of events : orchestras, musical ensembles and soloists, theatre, dance, literary and scientific colloquia, conferences, cinema retrospectives, folkloric and popular traditional performances, gastronomy combine with exhibitions to offer the most complete view possible of a country’s arts and culture. This is the highly original formula of Europalia.
Each festival develops a partnership, not only with the chosen country but also with prominent museums, cultural centres and performance halls in Belgium and neighbouring countries. The festival expenses are shared between Belgium and the invited country. Europalia is financially supported by Belgium’s national, regional and community governments and numerous private companies.
Europalia calls on the collaboration of the most renowned international specialists to help conceive the festival, as well as to participate in colloquia and conferences. Europalia events are extensively covered by television, radio and print media, and attract a large European audience, eager to discover a country’s cultural treasures assembled exceptionally for more than three months in this important festival."
Tourism in Belize,"Tourism in Belize has grown considerably recently, and it is now the second largest industry in the nation. Belizean Prime Minister Dean Barrow has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country. The growth in tourism has positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. The results for Belize's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming almost one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2012."
Belize Tourism Industry Association,"The Belize Tourism Industry Association (BTIA) is the largest tourism association in Belize. The organization was formed on April 26, 1985 and is governed by a Board of Directors and managed by a small secretariat.BTIA advocates for issues that affect the tourism industry in Belize and provides a network and forum for addressing tourism related concerns.
On May 5, 2014, the BTIA filed a claim for judicial review in the Supreme Court of Belize against the Department of Environment on its decision to give the green light on Norwegian Cruise Line Harvest Caye Project."
Tourism in Benin,"Tourism in Benin is a small industry. In 1996, Benin had approximately 150,000 tourists. By 2014 number rose to 242,000. A small country with a high concentration of tourist attractions, Benin's national parks and culture are among its main tourist attractions. Abomey is one of Benin's main tourist attractions, with palaces that became a World Heritage Site in 1982. The capital city Porto Novo's attractions include its museums and architecture.Cotonou is the only international airport in Benin. There are direct flights to Benin from Belgium, France, and a number of African countries. There are 578 kilometres of railroad in the country, which were developed under a joint effort with the Republic of Niger.Benin's government regards tourism as a method of diversifying its economy, attracting more foreign investment, and decreasing Benin's dependence on its agricultural industry. Although the government has a National Policy of Tourism Development, it has not made a strong effort to improve tourist facilities or to market Benin as a tourist destination.Some of the best wildlife areas in West Africa are found in north Benin, where Pendjari National Park and W National Park are located. The best time to see the Pendjari National Park's wildlife is towards the end of the dry season. The park is accessible to travellers and accommodation is available. W National Park is located in Benin's far north, and stretches across Burkina Faso and Niger. The park has a wealth of wildlife, but is difficult to access from Benin."
Tourism in Bhutan,"Tourism in Bhutan began in 1974, when the Government of Bhutan, in an effort to raise revenue and to promote Bhutanese unique culture and traditions to the outside world, opened its isolated country to foreigners. In 1974 a total of 287 tourists visited the Kingdom of Bhutan. The number of tourists visiting Bhutan increased to 2,850 in 1992, and rose dramatically to 7,158 in 1999. By the late 1980s tourism contributed over US$2 million in annual revenue.
Though open to foreigners, the Bhutanese government is acutely aware of the environmental impact tourists can have on Bhutan's unique and virtually unspoiled landscape and culture. Accordingly, they have restricted the level of tourist activity from the start, preferring higher-quality tourism. Initially, this policy was known as ""high value, low volume"" tourism. It was renamed in 2008 as ""high value, low impact"", ""a subtle but significant shift"". While the low impact is guaranteed through the low number of visitors, it is a requirement to be wealthy to travel Bhutan, which leaves room for criticism and the question whether one has to be wealthy to be a ""high value tourist"". For tourists a US$ 200 per person per day fee is imposed. In 2005 a document called ""Sustainable Tourism Development Strategy"" ""placed greater emphasis on increasing tourist numbers by using the country's culture and environment to promote Bhutan as an exotic niche destination attractive to wealthy tourists"". The most important centres for tourism are in Bhutan's capital, Thimphu, and in the western city of Paro, Taktshang, a cliff-side monastery (called the ""Tiger's Nest"" in English) overlooking the Paro Valley, is one of the country's attractions. This temple is sacred to Buddhists. Housed inside the temple is a cave in which the Buddhist Deity who brought Buddhism to Bhutan meditated for 90 days in order to spread Buddhism. The temple has been standing for well over a thousand years."
Tourism in Bolivia,"Tourism in Bolivia is one of the economic sectors of the country. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia (INE), there were over 1.24 million tourists that visited the country in 2020, making Bolivia the ninth most visited country in South America. the Bolivia is a country with great tourism potential, with many attractions, due to its diverse culture, geographic regions, rich history and food. In particular, the salt flats at Uyuni are a major attraction."
List of national parks of Bolivia,Status as of 2008:
Route 36 (bar),"Route 36 is an illegal after-hours lounge in La Paz, Bolivia, and, according to The Guardian, the world's first cocaine bar.  Although cocaine, an addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant, is illegal in Bolivia, political corruption and affordability of locally produced cocaine have resulted in Route 36 becoming a popular destination for thousands of drug tourists each year.  Many customers learn about the bar's existence through travel websites and by word of mouth promotion.  To avoid complaints from nearby business owners or residents, Route 36 does not operate in the same location for more than a few weeks at a time. Its location can only be found by word of mouth information."
Route of Che,"The Route of Che (la ruta del Che) is the term used to refer to the route followed by the Argentinian revolutionary Che Guevara and his men in the region of Ñancahuazú, Bolivia in 1966 and 1967. This ended with his execution at La Higuera on 9 October 1967, followed by exposure of his body and burial in an unmarked grave in Vallegrande."
Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina,"Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a fast-growing sector making up an important part in the economy of the country.
Beside a number of spots and attractions in Sarajevo and Mostar, as the country's principal tourist destinations, Bosnia and Herzegovina is regaining its reputation as an excellent ski destination with its Olympic mountain ski resorts such as Jahorina, Bjelašnica and Igman.
The tourist business environment is constantly developing with an increasingly active tourism promotional system.
In 2019, 1.990.451 tourists visited Bosnia and Herzegovina, an increase of 23,6%  and had 4.100.401 overnight hotel stays, a 22.6% increase from the previous year. Also, 74.4% ( 1.48 million ) of the tourists came from foreign countries."
Hutovo Blato,"Hutovo Blato (Serbian Cyrillic: Хутово Блато) is a nature reserve and bird reserve located in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is primarily composed of marshlands that were created by the underground aquifer system of the Krupa River. It is fed from the limestone massif of Ostrvo that divides the Deransko Lake and Svitavsko Lake.
The reserve is on the list of BirdLife International's Important Bird Areas. It is the largest reserve of its kind in the region, in terms of both size and diversity. It is home to over 240 types of migratory birds and dozens that make their permanent home in the sub-Mediterranean wetlands surrounding Deransko Lake. In the migration season, tens of thousands of birds fill the lake and its surroundings."
Ivanica,"Ivanica (Serbian Cyrillic: Иваница) is a small village in Bosnia and Herzegovina which is located just over the border from Gornji Brgat in Croatia. It has an unobstructed view of the Adriatic sea. Due to its close location to Dubrovnik Ivanica gravitates to Dubrovnik and many of its inhabitants work or live in Dubrovnik. Recently, the settlement has been experiencing rapid development and expansion due to construction of many new apartment projects."
Kozara National Park,"Kozara National Park (Serbo-Croatian: Национални парк Козара, Nacionalni park Kozara) is a national park in Bosnia and Herzegovina that was proclaimed a protected national forest in 1967 by Josip Broz Tito. It is situated between the rivers Una, Sava, Sana and Vrbas, in the Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. These 33.75 square kilometers of dense forest and hilly meadows have earned the nickname 'Green Beauty of Krajina'.
The Kozara Marathon, also known as Kozara Ultra Trail is held in the stunning Kozara National Park, offers a thrilling and challenging experience for both seasoned and less experienced trail runners.The park is also the site for Kozara Grand Prix, a mountain bike race that takes place in the wilderness of the park. The race is part of the Union Cycliste Internationale calendar.Kozara is a popular hunting ground too, with a large 180 square kilometers area of the park open to regulated hunting of deer, pheasants, foxes, boars, hares, and ducks.
A smaller part of the park is designated for nature lovers. Walking, hiking, biking and herb picking are among the many activities in Kozara.Kozara was also a former battleground during World War II. The Partisans intimate knowledge of Bosnia's rough terrain gave them an advantage over the newly occupying Nazi Germans.

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Kravica (waterfall),"Kravica Waterfall (Serbo-Croatian: Slap Kravica or Vodopad Kravica / Слап Кравица or Водопад Кравица) is a large tufa cascade on the Trebižat River, in the karstic heartland of Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Ljubuški and 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Mostar. Its height is about 25 metres (80 ft) and the radius of the lake in the base of the waterfall is 120 metres (390 ft). Kravica is a popular swimming and picnic area and, during the summer, it is frequently visited by tourists.
The Kravica Falls area also has a little cafe, a rope swing, a picnic area, and a place to camp. The best time of year for visiting is during the springtime when the fall is at its fullest and the arid landscape turns a bright green. During the high season, various restaurants in the vicinity of the waterfalls mostly offer grilled dishes and fish specialties. Near the Kravica Falls is also a small grotto with stalactites made of calcium carbonate, an old mill and a sailing ship. The owner of the waterfall was a famous municipal councilor, landowner, benefactor and philanthropist from Ljubuški, Zaim-beg Selimić."
List of protected areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina,"Total size of protected area of Bosnia and Herzegovina amounts of 57.83694 hectares (142.9182 acres), which is 1,13% of its entire territory. This is a list of areas protected by corresponding levels of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely at the entity's levels, and with various categorizations."
List of shopping malls in Bosnia and Herzegovina,This is a list of shopping malls in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
List of shopping malls in Sarajevo,"This is a list of historical, modern and projected shopping malls in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina."
Pliva (river),"The Pliva (Serbian Cyrillic: Плива) is a relatively small river in central parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, however one of the most significant in terms of natural, cultural and historical heritage and value as a natural rarity. For hundreds of years this region was the ultimate stronghold of the Bosnian Kingdom, with the town of Jajce as permanent seat of the last kings of the Bosnian Kingdom.
The entire region of Jajce is rich in natural heritage that cannot be viewed in isolation from the built heritage. In Jajce, these two components are closely intermingled.

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Rakitnica,"Rakitnica (Serbian Cyrillic: Ракитница) is the main tributary of the first section of the Neretva river, also called Upper Neretva (Bosnian: Gornja Neretva). It meets Neretva from the right, flowing from north to south, between Bjelašnica and Visočica mountains.

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Rastok,"RASTOK (also known as Urban Music Fest RASTOK) is an annual summer music festival on Plateau Rastoke in Jelah, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has been staged annually since 2003, usually on the first weekend of August.
In the beginning the festival was for rock bands, but coverage spread to punk, alternative rock, metal, dub, reggae, ska, jazz and other fusions of urban sound. The festival was held in Jelah under the name Jelah Summer."
Ribnik (river),"The Ribnik (Cyrillic: Рибник, pronounced [Rib-nik]) is a river in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a headwater tributary of the Sana, which it meat at Strane and Velije hamlets of the Gornji Ribnik village, 17 km below the Sana's own source springs, bringing in a large amounts of water to the still young Sana. It is among shortest of the Sana tributaries but at the same time among largest by the volume it discharges into the receiving Sana. The Ribnik is well known as a prime fly fishing fishery and is popular among anglers throughout the world."
Skakavac Waterfall (Perućica),"Skakavac (Serbian Cyrillic: Скакавац, lit. ""grasshopper"") is a waterfall formed on the Perućica, a mountain creek, in the Perućica, which is regulated as a Strict Nature Reserve as part of Sutjeska National Park in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the highest waterfalls in the country, at about 75 metres (246 ft) in height.The Perućica primeval forest of beech and spruce is situated beneath Maglić (2,386 m), the highest peak in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and separated from Zelengora mountain by the canyon of the Sutjeska river.  Perućica creek cuts through the Perućica forest and descends between two steep Maglić slopes. Near the middle of its course, the stream cascades from the upper hanging valley to the lower valley, falling 75 meters from a karstic limestone precipice to reach its confluence with the Sutjeska river in the valley of Tjentište."
Sutjeska National Park,"The Sutjeska National Park (Serbo-Croatian: Национални парк Сутјеска, Nacionalni park Sutjeska, pronounced [sûtjɛska]) is a national park located in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Established in 1962, it is Bosnia and Herzegovina's oldest national park. It includes the highest peak of Maglić at over 2,386 metres (7,828 ft), on the border with Montenegro. The Montenegrin part of Maglić massif in the park has also formed the Trnovačko Jezero (Trnovačko Lake). The Strict Nature Reserve ""Perućica"", one of the last two remaining primeval forests in Europe, is part of the park. The park is also famous as being the location of the Battle of the Sutjeska in 1943 during World War II. It is an affiliated member of EUROPARC Federation."
Una (Sava),"The Una (Serbian Cyrillic: Уна, pronounced [ûna]) is a border river between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia and a right tributary of the Sava river. It is part of the Black Sea drainage basin, and its watershed has a size of 10,200 km2 (3,900 sq mi), of which 8,080 km2 (3,120 sq mi) belongs to Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 2,120 km2 (820 sq mi) to Croatia. The total length of the river is 212 km (132 mi). The source of the river is located in the town of Donja Suvaja in Croatia, and its mouth is located near the town of Jasenovac, on the border with Bosnia. The largest right tributaries are the Krka, Unac, Krušnica and Sana rivers, and the largest left tributary is the Klokot river. Its longest headwater is the Unac river. The largest and most important city located on the river is Bihać. Other, important cities and towns are Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Novi and Bosanska Kostajnica. The river is characterized by a multitude of waterfalls, rapids, karst springs and relatively untouched nature. A large part of the upper river is part of the Una National Park."
Upper Neretva,"Upper Neretva (Bosnian: Gornja Neretva, Горња Неретва), is the upper course of the Neretva river, including vast mountainous area surrounding the Neretva, with numerous human settlements, peaks and forests, numerous streams and well-springs, three major glacial lakes near the river and even more scattered across the mountains of Treskavica and Zelengora, in a wider area of the Upper Neretva with its flora and fauna.
Geographically and historically area has distinct features, while the Neretva is divided into three common hydrological sections: upper, middle and lower.The Neretva has been harnessed and controlled to a large extent by four HE power-plants with large dams (as higher than 15 meters) and their storage lakes, but it still recognized for its natural beauty, diversity of its landscape and visual attractiveness."
Tourism in Botswana,"Botswana's principal tourist attractions are its game reserves, with hunting and photographic safaris available. Other attractions include the Okavango Delta region, which during the rainy season is a maze of waterways, islands, and lakes. The tourism industry also helped to diversify Botswana's economy from traditional sources such as diamonds and beef and created 23,000 jobs in 2005."
Botswana Wildlife Training Institute,"The Botswana Wildlife Training Institute (est. 1984) is a government funded educational facility in Botswana. It is located adjacent to the Maun Wildlife Educational Park, on the Thamalakane River near Maun in the North-West District.It operates under the Botswana Department of Wildlife & National Parks (DWNP), and the Botswana Ministry of Environment, Wildlife & Tourism."
Goo Moremi Gorge,"Goo Moremi Gorge is situated in Eastern Botswana, about 67 km east of Palapye town,in a small village of Goo Moremi. The gorge is a protected heritage site in the midst of Tswapong Hills. The gorge features permanent springs that form a beautiful waterfall surrounded by hills and cliffs.This natural site has unique vegetation with a range of wildlife like Kudu, gemsbok, bush buck and different bird species.Equally beautiful is the Goo Moremi Lodge that provide modern accommodation to tourists vising the Goo Moremi Gorge. The Lodge provides five star Chalets, campsite and tents."
Kuru Dance and Music Festival,The Kuru Dance and Music festival is an annual celebration included in the Botswana's calendar of events marking the full moon where Khoisan communities find it very significant in their culture to interchange cultural knowledge through song and dance.
Mack Air,"Mack Air is a charter airline based in Maun, Botswana. The company has been operating in northern Botswana since 1994. 
The company provides aircraft for charter, scenic, medical evacuation, and services a wide range of tourist destinations within Botswana and the Southern Africa region; as well as providing supply flights to camps and lodges within the Okavango Delta and Kalahari regions of Botswana.The Botswana Travel Guide says of the airline that it ""maintains a good reputation as an reliable, high-quality air charter company which doesn't have ties to any of the camps."""
Rediscover Botswana,"Rediscover Botswana was a domestic tourism campaign that ran in Botswana from July 27 to August 22, 2020. It encompassed an 8,000 kilometre tour across various tourist attractions in Botswana. The event was organised and hosted by media personalities Thalefang Charles and Sonny Serite, and it was sponsored by the Botswana Tourism Organisation with support from several tourism associations. The tour began at the Matsieng Footprints and ended at the Dikgosi monuments in Gaborone. Sites were selected to demonstrate diversity among tourist destinations, including ""national parks, heritage sites, cultural offerings, and other sites"" at various budgets.Rediscover Botswana was carried out in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting decline of international tourism. It was intended to spread awareness of notable places in Botswana and educate citizens about how to best travel domestically. Tourism has been a significant aspect of the Botswana economy prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Rediscover Botswana campaign sought to prevent some of the financial losses associated with the decline in tourism. The campaign was well received and is believed to have contributed to domestic tourist bookings.Charles listed the most significant visits of the tour as the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, the Gcwihaba caves, the Boro and Thamalakane rivers, AfroBotho, the Moremi Game Reserve, and the Makgadikgadi Pan.

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Wilderness Air,"Wilderness Air, formerly known as Sefofane Air Charter, is an air charter company headquartered in Botswana, Africa."
Tourism in Brazil,"Tourism is a growing sector and key to the economy of several regions of Brazil. The country had 6.589 million visitors in 2018, ranking in terms of the international tourist arrivals as the second main destination in South America after Argentina and third in Latin America after Mexico and Argentina.  Revenues from international tourists reached US$5.8 billion in 2015, continuing a recovery trend from the 2008–2009 economic crisis.Brazil offers for both domestic and international tourists an ample range of options, with natural areas being its most popular tourism product, a combination of leisure and recreation, mainly sun and beach, and adventure travel, as well as historic and cultural tourism. Among the most popular destinations are beaches at Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, beaches and dunes in the Northeast Region, business trips to São Paulo city, cultural and historic tourism in Minas Gerais, the Iguazu Falls and the Pantanal in the Center-West Region.In terms of the 2015 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which is a measurement of the factors that make it attractive to develop business in the travel and tourism industry of individual countries, Brazil ranked in the 28th place at the world's level, third in the Americas, after Canada and United States. Brazil main competitive advantages are its natural resources, which ranked 1st on this criteria out of all countries considered, and ranked 23rd for its cultural resources, due to its many World Heritage Sites. The 2013 TTCI report also notes Brazil's main weaknesses: its ground transport infrastructure remains underdeveloped (ranked 129th), with the quality of roads ranking in the 121st place, and quality of air transport infrastructure in 131st; and the country continues to suffer from a lack of price competitiveness (ranked 126th), due in part to high and increasing ticket taxes and airport charges, as well as high and rising prices more generally. Safety and security improved significantly between 2008 and 2013, moving from 128th to 73rd place, before slipping to 106th by 2017.Foreign tourists mainly come from Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, the United States, Canada, China, South Korea, Japan, Australia, Chile, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Portugal, and Russia."
Embratur,"Embratur, also known as the Brazilian Tourist Board, is a federal, state-owned agency reporting to the Brazilian Ministry of Tourism. It was formed in 1966 and works exclusively on the promotion, marketing and supporting to the trading of services, products and tourist destinations of Brazil abroad.Embratur works to promote tourism within Brazil, and has entered agreements with states such as Amazonas and the Federal District. The current president of Embratur is Marcelo Freixo.

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Itaipu Lake,"Itaipu Lake (Portuguese: Lago de Itaipu, pronounced [ˈlaɡu dʒi itajˈpu]) is a lake on the Brazil-Paraguay border, artificially formed in 1982 on the Paraná River with the closing of the gates of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam detour channel. It covers an area of 1,350 km2 (520 sq mi), 770 km2 (300 sq mi) on the Brazilian side and 580 km2 (220 sq mi) on the Paraguayan side. It also includes 66 small islands, 44 of which are on the Brazilian side and 22 on the Paraguayan side of the border."
LGBT tourism in Brazil,"LGBT tourism in Brazil is a form of niche tourism marketed to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people who come to Brazil. The city of Rio de Janeiro was elected the best LGBT destination of the world, according to the U.S. Logo channel, owned by Viacom's MTV Networks. Rio de Janeiro also was elected the most sexy city of the world to LGBT people, according to the U.S. Logo channel and TripOutGayTravel. In 2014, Brazil and the United States were the two countries more wanted by international LGBT tourists, according to the World Travel Market."
Tourism in Brunei,"Tourism in Brunei is governed by the Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism, which is planning to diversify Brunei's tourism to include adventure tourism, ecotourism and Islamic tourism."
Tourism in Bulgaria,"Tourism in Bulgaria is a significant contributor to the country's economy. Situated at the crossroads of the East and West, Bulgaria has been home to many civilizations: Thracians, Greeks, Romans, Eastern Romans or Byzantines, Slavs, Bulgars, and Ottomans. The country is rich in tourist sights and historical artifacts, scattered through a relatively small and easily accessible territory. Bulgaria is internationally known for its seaside and winter resorts.
Bulgaria attracted nearly 12 million foreign tourists in 2017, according to the World Bank. Tourists from five countries (Romania, Turkey, Greece, Germany and Russia) account for approximately 50% of all visitors. The sector contributed to 15% of GDP and supported 150,000 workplaces in 2014."
100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria,"100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria is a Bulgarian national movement established in 1966 to promote tourism among Bulgaria's most significant cultural, historic, and natural landmarks.
As part of this program, sites of cultural and historical significance have been selected, ranging from historic places and monuments to archaeological and architectural sanctuaries, museums, monasteries, as well as national parks, mountain peaks and other geological phenomena. Each of the chosen landmarks has its own individual seal, which is stamped onto pages of an official passport-like booklet issued by the Bulgarian Tourist Union (BTU). A booklet can be purchased at any tourist union center or on location at any of the sites and it costs a symbolic 1 lev. The booklet comes with a separate map which includes a list of the sites, their addresses and working hours. The maximum number of collectible stamps per booklet is 100 and, contrary to the movement's title, the exact number of official sites exceeds the number 100."
Bozhentsi,"Bozhentsi (Bulgarian: Боженци [boˈʒɛnt͡si]; also variously transliterated as Bozhenci, Bojenci, Bojenzi, Boženci, Bojentsi, Bojentzi, Bozhentzi, etc.), officially but not commonly Bozhentsite (Боженците), is a village and architectural reserve in Gabrovo municipality, Gabrovo Province, in central northern Bulgaria. The village lies in the middle part of the Balkan Mountains, 15 km east of Gabrovo and just north of the Shipka Pass. It is noted for its well-preserved Bulgarian National Revival architecture and history, and is thus a well-known tourist destination in the area.
Bozhentsi was established after the incursion of Ottoman Turks in Veliko Tarnovo, the former capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire, in the 16th century. Many residents of the capital then fled to settle in remote and secure parts of the mountains. According to the legend, among them was the young female noble (bolyarka) Bozhana; she chose to hide in the area where the village is today and became its namesake. The noble's sons engaged in trade and the village gradually grew to become an important trade junction during the National Revival towards the middle of the 18th century. The main production consisted of leather, wool, beeswax and honey.
The village of Bozhentsi was proclaimed an architectural and historical reserve in 1964 and is part of UNESCO's cultural monuments. The National Revival architecture has been preserved in Bozhentsi due to this, and there is a ban on the construction of any buildings that do not fit with the village's style.
As the settlers during the Ottoman rule were mostly wealthy people, many of the houses have two storeys, the first being used as a cattle-shed and the second being inhabited by the owners. Characteristic features of the Bozhentsi architecture are the verandas, the stone-plate roofs, the corner fireplaces and the ceiling woodcarvings. The pavement of the streets in the village is only cobblestone.
The Prophet Elijah basilica, featuring a nave and two aisles, is a remarkable example of the National Revival style. Domes can be seen hidden under the ceiling, as well as massive stone walls and the typical Bozhentsi arches. The church was erected in 1835, and the village's influential residents were allowed to construct a belfry, which was usually strictly forbidden by the Ottoman authorities.
The former class school was constructed in 1872 and was situated in an imposing building near the entrance to the village. It is today a gallery and its first storey would once accommodate a hall and a library, with the classrooms being located on the second storey.
A Roman bridge lies east of the village and a forest path leading to Tryavna begins on the other side."
Iskar–Panega Geopark,"Geological Park Iskar–Panega is an UNESCO-run Geopark in Northern Bulgaria, located 3 km south of the municipal centre Lukovit. It consists of two sections: the Karlukovo Karst Complex (43°11′14″N 24°4′22″E) lies in the valley of the Iskar River, while the Roadside Landscape Park ""Panega"" (43°11′25″N 24°9′8″E) is at the Zlatna Panega valley. Started in 2006, it became the first geopark in Bulgaria, and created temporary employment for 20 previously unemployed people. Another economic effect was that the number of overnights at main lodging facilities in Lukovit increased by 40%, and the number of visits to the city and region rose significantly.Geopark Iskar–Panega Project was implemented with the financial support of the PHARE Program, (Development of Bulgarian Ecotourism). The main objective of the program was to provide technical and financial support for improvement of the quality of the priority sector of ecotourism in Bulgaria and contribute to raising its competitiveness."
Roman forum of Philippopolis,"The Roman forum of Philippopolis (Bulgarian: Римски форум на Пловдив, Rimski forum na Plovdiv) is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several ancient administrative buildings at the center of the ancient city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv). It was the center of public, administrative, commercial and religious life in the ancient city. Meetings, discussions, celebrations and state events were held there.
The forum covers an area of 20 hectares (49 acres), with 11 hectares (27 acres) excavated, which makes it the largest Roman forum in Bulgaria. The ancient city center was built in the 1st century AD during the reign of the emperor Vespasian, when ancient Philippopolis was laid out with a new urban plan and a forum according to the Roman model. The main streets of the city (the cardo and the decumanus maximus) intersect outside the eastern entrance of the forum. A complex of public buildings was built to the north, including the odeon, the library, and the treasury building.
The forum of the ancient city and its main street (cardo) are located at the very heart of modern Plovdiv's city center and main pedestrian area."
Tourism in Burkina Faso,"According to the Government of Burkina Faso, 433,778 tourists visited the country in 2011."
Tourism in Burundi,"Tourism in Burundi refers to tourism in Burundi. Bujumbura, the largest city and former capital of Burundi, is a major tourist attraction of the country. In addition to this, Lake Tanganyika is a popular tourist attraction."
Tourism in Cambodia,"Tourism in Cambodia is one of the most important sectors in the country's economy. In 2013, tourism arrivals increased by 17.5 percent year on year, with business travelers increasing 47 percent."
Botum Sakor National Park,"Botum Sakor National Park is the largest national park of Cambodia. Situated on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand, Botum Sakor (or Botumsakor) is a peninsula projecting southwest from the Cardamom Mountains. The national park comprises an area of 1,825.85 km2 (704.96 sq mi) and spans three districts of Koh Kong Province: Kiri Sakor, Botum Sakor and Koh Kong. The park is under the administration of the Cambodian Ministry of Environment, and a small part of the park is included in the Southern Cardamom REDD+ Project (SCRP)."
"Foreign Correspondents' Club, Phnom Penh","The Foreign Correspondents' Club in Phnom Penh, capital of Cambodia, is a public bar and restaurant along the Tonle Sap river, not far from the confluence with the Mekong river. It is often referred to as 'the FCC,' or just simply 'the F.'
It is in a three-story colonial-style building with wonderful views over the river.
It is currently undergoing a major remodel and upgrade, planned to be complete at the end of 2021.  The earlier configuration was very charming and atmospheric, featuring photos on the wall dating back to the Khmer Rouge invasion of Phnom Penh, taken by war correspondents who used to hang out at FCC back in the day.
The FCC in Phnom Penh is not a private club, like other Foreign Correspondents' Clubs around the world, but members from reciprocal clubs (like the FCC Hong Kong) get a 10% discount on food and
drinks.
The FCC in Phnom Penh has nine hotel rooms. They also have a hotel, restaurant and bar in Siem Reap, the gateway to Angkor Wat."
Sisowath Quay,"Sisowath Quay (Khmer: តីរវិថីព្រះស៊ីសុវត្ថិ, Preah Sisowath Quay) is a 3-kilometre riverfront strip along the Tonlé Sap River in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, lined with hotels, restaurants, bars, cafes, and shops. The strip is filled with vendors and locals, and is popular with tourists. The portion in front of the palace was used for watching boat races during the Water Festival. The Foreign Correspondents' Club of Cambodia is located along the strip. The quay is named in honour of King Sisowath of Cambodia.

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Tourism in Cameroon,"Tourism in Cameroon is a growing but relatively minor industry. Since the 1970s, the government of Cameroon has cultivated the industry by creating a ministry of tourism and by encouraging investment by airlines, hotels, and travel agencies. The government describes the country as ""Africa in miniature"", promoting its diversity of climate, culture, and geography. Cameroon's wildlife draws both safari-goers and big-game hunters, as Cameroon is home to many of Africa's iconic animals: cheetahs, chimpanzees, elephants, giraffes, gorillas, hippopotami, and rhinoceroses. Impediments to further growth of the tourism sector include poor transport infrastructure and corrupt officials who may harass visitors for bribes."
Tourism in Canada,"Canada has a large domestic and foreign tourism industry. The second largest country in the world, Canada's incredible geographical variety is a significant tourist attractor. Much of the country's tourism is centred in the following regions: Toronto, Montreal, Quebec City, Vancouver/Whistler, Niagara Falls, Vancouver Island, Canadian Rockies, British Columbia's Okanagan Valley, Churchill, Manitoba and the National Capital Region of Ottawa-Gatineau. The large cities are known for their culture, diversity, as well as the many national parks and historic sites.
In 2012, over 16 million tourists arrived in Canada, bringing US$17.4 billion in international tourism receipts to the economy. Domestic and international tourism combined directly contributes 1% of Canada's total GDP and supports 309,000 jobs in the country."
Destination Canada,"Destination Canada, formerly the Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC; French: Commission canadienne du tourisme (CCT)), was created in 1995 to promote tourism in Canada.  It is a Crown corporation, wholly owned by the Government of Canada, which reports to the Minister of Small Business and Tourism and the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development.Destination Canada states that it ""is dedicated to promoting the growth and profitability of the Canadian tourism industry by marketing Canada as a desirable travel destination and providing timely and accurate information to the Canadian tourism industry to assist in its decision making."" It also claims to ""recognise that the greatest source of tourism knowledge and expertise rests with the tourism industry itself. Therefore, Destination Canada designs, delivers and funds marketing and research initiatives in partnership with provincial and regional tourism associations, government agencies, hoteliers, tour operators, airlines and attractions managers.""
It has operated marketing campaigns in Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States.The organization is headed by a 10-person board of directors which is overseen by a President and chief executive officer, chosen from the combined private and public sector nature of the industry to represent the various regions of Canada as well as the country's demographic composition."
Where (magazine),"Where is a series of magazines for tourists, distributed at hotels, convention centres, regional malls and other tourist areas."
Tourism in Cape Verde,"Tourism in Cape Verde, a group of islands off the coast of Senegal, West Africa, started in the 1970s on the island of Sal and increased slowly in the 1980s and 1990s."
Tourism in the Central African Republic,"The Central African Republic has seen a decrease in tourism due to its recent history of conflict and unrest, as well as the insecurity in certain areas of the country, particularly the north and northwest.Tourism in The Central African Republic (CAR) has been affected due to the civil war and conflicts in countries around it. 
The CAR is a landlocked country in Central Africa with a population of 6,100,000 [1] within an area of 623,000 km2.
CAR is surrounded by Chad to the north, Sudan to the north, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to the south, and Cameroon to the west. 
Since the early 2000s, civil war and unrest in the region has caused instability and insecurity in the area, making it unsafe for tourism. 
The US Department of State has a travel advisory in place discouraging travel to CAR for US citizens due to the risk of civil unrest and violent crime. In April 2007, a hunting party near Ndele town was attacked and a French hunter was killed and three others were injured.In 2019, the country recorded a total of 87,000 tourists ranking 174th in the world.[2]
The CAR has also been affected by regional conflicts, such as the South Sudanese Civil War and fighting in neighbouring countries. Security in the country is unstable, particularly in its north and northwest.In recent years, the government has taken steps to improve the security situation in the country and has made some progress in developing its tourism industry. However, due to the ongoing civil war and regional conflicts, tourism in the CAR remains limited.
Tourism in the Central African Republic'  has been negatively affected by its recent troubled history and fighting in neighbouring countries. Security in the country is unstable, particularly in its north and northwest.The Central Africa Republic's lack of air access makes it an expensive destination. The only international airport is Bangui M'poko International Airport. Locations in the country attractive to travelers include the Chutes De Boali, waterfalls of a height of 50 m (164 ft).Dzanga-Sangha National Park in the southwest of the country has gorillas and elephants. The Baka people live in this area. Bayanga beside the Sangha River is the main village near to the national park. The village has some small guesthouses and a lodge. The best time to visit most of the country is from November to April."
Tourism in Chad,"Tourism in Chad is a relatively minor industry. Most travellers are attracted by Chad's hunting capabilities and its Zakouma National Park.
Tourists must have valid passports and visas, as well as evidence of yellow fever immunization. As of 2000, there were roughly 43,000 tourist arrivals in the country. Chad had 677 hotel rooms with 1,250 beds in that year. The US Department of State estimated the average daily cost of staying in N'Djamena to be $239 in 2002, compared to less than $50 in other parts of the country."
Tourism in Chile,"Since the mid-1990s, tourism in Chile has become one of the main sources of income for the country, especially in its most extreme areas. In 2005, this sector grew by 13.6%, generating more than US$500 million, equivalent to 1.33% of the national GDP.
According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Chile was the eighth most popular destination for foreign tourists within the Americas in 2010, after the United States, Mexico, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. That year, 2,766,000 tourists entered the country, generating a revenue of US$1,636 million. The majority of these visitors came from American countries, mainly Argentina; however, the biggest growth in recent years has been in visitors from Europe, especially Germany.In 2017, a record total of 6,449,993 international tourists visited Chile, a 13.3% increase from 2016. Argentina remained the most common country of origin, followed by Brazil. European tourists were third in terms of total numbers. The average tourist stayed for 10 nights. The Chilean government attributes the rise in tourism to ""promotional campaigns, the development of new products and tourist destinations and a renewed diversification of experiences.""Tourism for the year 2018 was projected to continue the increase in visitors, with more than 7 million international tourists estimated to travel to Chile. Online guidebook Lonely Planet has listed Chile as its number 1 destination to visit in 2018. Lonely Planet emphasizes visiting the city of Valparaiso, the northern Atacama Desert, and Patagonia to the south. However, in 2018 and 2019, the Chilean tourism industry was plunged into a deep crisis by the adverse effects of internal unrest and the Argentine monetary crisis. As a consequence, Chile saw international tourism arrivals fall by more than 20% in 2019, to about 4.5 million. The following year, the Covid-19 pandemic caused further disruption to the Chilean tourism sector, with a fall of 85.7% on 2019 and total visitors estimated at 1,122,858. In 2021, just 161,000 foreigners visited Chile."
Chilean Lake District,"The Chilean Lake District is a zone in Southern Chile defined by its many lakes in the Andean foothills. The term is primarily used in tourism literature and advertising, in Chile Zona Sur is preferred as a geographical concept. The Chilean Lake District includes the cities of Temuco, Villarrica, Pucón, Valdivia, Osorno, Entre Lagos (Puyehue), Puerto Octay, Frutillar, Puerto Varas and Puerto Montt.All lakes drain ultimately to the Pacific Ocean. In the north to Toltén River collects the water of Villarrica, Caburgua and Colico. South of these lakes lie the Seven Lakes whose waters reach the Pacific through Valdivia River. Bueno River drains the water of Ranco, Maihue, Puyehue and Rupanco lakes. Llanquihue Lake is drained to the Pacific by Maullín River and Petrohué River does the same for Todos los Santos Lake.In the west large lakes end in terminal moraines and fluvioglacial deposits that are made up of boulders and gravel. The lakes formed in the Quaternary period by glacier erosion. Towards the Andes some lakes have a continuation as U-shaped valleys.

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Chilean wine routes,"The Chilean wine routes (Spanish: Rutas del vino chileno) are a group of scenic routes along the wine-producing regions of Chile. A great part of them is located in the central part of the country (Valle Central). The first route was created in 1996 in Santa Cruz and they currently have support from the state, Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism and the Ministry of Public Works, integrating parts of the Chilean Scenic Routes Programme.
According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Chile has the fifth-highest wine production worldwide and the highest in the Southern Hemisphere. Chilean wine, one of the best known exports of the country around the world, has become a potential enotourist attraction, increasing to the revenue generated by tourism in Chile.
Out of a total of 339 active wine cellars in the country, only 78 of them had touristic activity on a regular basis in 2013, which represents 23%. Valle del Maipo has the most vineyards open to tourists with a total of 23, followed by Valle de Colchagua, with a total of 14 and Valle de Casablanca, with a total of 12. Paid tourist visits registered during 2013 reached 533,499 visitors.In 2015, the American website specialized in travel and tourism, Fodor's, ranked Chilean wine routes among the 11 best destinations in the world to celebrate a honeymoon."
Ecotourism in the Valdivian temperate rainforest,"Valdivia Temperate Rainforest is an area between 36 and 47° S. consisting of a majority of the country Chile and a small part of Argentina totaling about 12.7 million hectares. The Valdivian forest is one of the few forested regions in the world with climate conditions to be considered a temperate climate. Its ecological systems provide habitat for a clustering of some of the highest biodiversity in the world. Many of the species are endemic to Valdivia and are descendants of Gondwana Species. For example, Araucaria araucana or ""Monkey Puzzle Tree"", and Fitzroya cupressoides ""Alerce"". Due to the region's unique landscape and biodiversity millions of visitors come to the area annually. National Parks in the region provide opportunities for many tourism operations. In an effort to help preserve and expand conserved areas Ecotourism or Sustainable Tourism plays a vital role. The economic benefits affect not only the park areas but also the local communities. Ecotourism accounts for 4.6% of Chile's GNP.Since the 1980s Chile has been promoting ecotourism, and has seen annual increases in both visitors and income occur every year since. Between 2006 and 2007 visitor numbers increased from 2.25 million to 2.5 million. Revenue from ecotourism services and national parks results in a 2-3% increase in gross income. Through the year 43% of tourists visit national parks in the regions of de los Rios and de los Lagos. The top three destinations in those areas are the Coguillio National Park, the Villarica National Park, and the Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park. The last of those hosts 25% of all visitors to Chile."
End of the World Route,"The End of the World Route (Spanish: Ruta del Fin del Mundo) is a Chilean touristic scenic route located in the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic Region, the most southerly region of the country. The term ""end of the world"" refers to Chile being the southernmost country in the world, which is why Chilean Patagonia, the southernmost natural region of the country and at the same time, the southernmost part of the American continent."
Hiking in Chile,"Hiking in Chile is characterized by a wide range of environments and climates for hikers, which largely results from Chile's unusual, ribbon-like shape, which is 4,300 kilometres (2,700 miles) long and on average 175 kilometres (109 miles) wide. These range from the world's driest desert, the Atacama, in the north, through a Mediterranean climate in the center, to the glaciers, fjords and lakes of Patagonia in the south.
The longest hiking trail in Chile is the informal 3,000 km (1,850 mi) Greater Patagonian Trail that was created by a non-governmental initiative."
Image of Chile Foundation,"The Image of Chile Foundation, or Fundación Imagen de Chile in Spanish, is an organization that coordinates work carried out to promote Chile abroad."
Seven Lakes (Chile),"The Seven Lakes (Spanish: Siete Lagos) is a group of lakes which belong to the same drainage basin that starts in the Lácar Lake and ends in Corral Bay.All the seven lakes are located at least partly within the Panguipulli commune that promotes tourism in the area. The area is surrounded by four volcanoes; Villarrica, Quetrupillán, Lanín and Mocho-Choshuenco. Due to geothermal activity there are several hot springs in the zone, including Liquiñe.
The seven lakes are:

Panguipulli Lake
Calafquén Lake
Riñihue Lake
Pirihueico Lake
Neltume Lake
Pellaifa Lake
Pullinque Lake"
Tourism in China,"Tourism in China is a growing industry that is becoming a significant part of the Chinese economy. The rate of tourism has expanded over the last few decades since the beginning of reform and opening-up. The emergence of a newly rich middle class and an easing of restrictions on movement by the Chinese authorities are both fueling this travel boom. China has become one of world's largest outbound tourist markets. According to Euromonitor International, economic growth and higher incomes in nearby Asian countries will help China to become the world's number one tourist destination by 2030.China ranked second in the world for travel and tourism's contribution to GDP in 2022 ($814.1 billion), and first in the world for travel and tourism's contribution to employment (66,086,000 jobs in 2014). Tourism, based on direct, indirect, and induced impact, accounted for 9.3 percent of China's GDP in 2013. In 2017, the total contributions of China's Travel and Tourism sector made up 11% of its GDP. In 2018, the domestic tourism sector contributed around US$1.47 trillion to the nation's GDP.Since 2012, tourists from China have been the world's top spender in international tourism, leading global outbound travel. In 2016, the country accounted for 21% of the world's international tourism spending, or $261 billion. (The stats include journeys made to the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, as well as Taiwan; in 2017, these accounted for 69.5m of the so-called ""overseas"" journeys.) As of 2018, only 7% of Chinese had a passport, so the ""potential for further growth is staggering"", according to a UK news report.

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AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China,"AAAAA (5A) is awarded to the most important and best-maintained tourist attractions in the People's Republic of China, given the highest level in the rating categories used by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As of 2020, there are 279 tourist attractions listed as 5A."
Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits,"The Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits (ATETS; simplified Chinese: 海峡两岸旅游交流协会; traditional Chinese: 海峽兩岸旅遊交流協會; pinyin: Hǎixiá Liǎng'àn Lǚyóu Jiāoliú Xiéhuì) is a semi-official representative office of the People's Republic of China in Taiwan handling tourism-related affairs. Its counterpart body in Mainland China by the Republic of China is the Taiwan Strait Tourism Association.
The CSTEA office is located in Ruentex Tower at Daan District, Taipei."
Beida Jade Bird Universal Sci-Tech,"Beijing Beida Jade Bird Universal Sci-Tech Co., Ltd. known as Jade Bird Universal is a Chinese listed company. It manufactured electronic fire equipment, as well involved in tourism industry and other equity investments. The largest shareholder of Jade Bird Universal is the non-wholly-owned subsidiaries of Peking University.
Jade Bird Universal was a former constituent of Hang Seng China Enterprises Index from 10 August 2000 to 3 October 2001.

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Beijing Tourism Group,"The Beijing Tourism Group (BTG; Chinese: 北京首旅集团) is a Chinese state-owned enterprise operating in various areas of tourism, including travel agencies, dining, hotels, shopping and entertainment. It is headquartered in Beijing Municipal Administrative Center in Tongzhou District, Beijing."
Chicken Island (Guangdong),"Chicken Island is an island located in the southeast of Dianbai district, Maoming, Guangdong province, China. Its original name is Fenzhou (汾洲) island and Wanzhou (湾舟) island. The distance from Chicken Island to continent is 8 nautical miles. The area of Chicken Island is 1.9 square kilometers and it is the biggest island in Maoming. The highest point on Chicken island is 122 miles and the visibility of the sea area around it is between 6 and 12 miles. The climate of Chicken island is subtropical climate."
China National Tourism Administration,"The China National Tourism Administration (CNTA; simplified Chinese: 国家旅游局; traditional Chinese: 國家旅游局; pinyin: Guójiā Lǚyóu Jú) was a Chinese government authority responsible for the development of tourism in the country. The CNTA was subordinate to the State Council. Its headquarters are in Beijing, with regional branches in various provinces. The predecessor was the China Travel and Tourism Administration (later renamed the China Travel and Tourism Administration) established in 1964. It was once an agency directly under the State Council in charge of tourism.
CNTA does not have the authority of a full department within the Chinese government to enforce regulations, but in other respects it acts as a ministry. Provincial CNTA offices in each Chinese province report to the central office in Beijing. CNTA has eighteen overseas offices called CNTO (China National Tourism Offices) that are charged with promoting tourism to China. In Europe, there are CNTO offices in London and Paris.
CNTA is unique as a tourism office in that it is also responsible for controlling the outflow of tourists from China abroad.
Its headquarters were in Dongcheng District. The CNTA was dissolved on March 19, 2018; the duties are merged to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism."
China Tourism Academy,"China Tourism Academy (CTA) is a Beijing-based research institution with a focus on studies in tourism industry. Under the Document No. [2007] 98 released by the State Commission for Public Sector Reform, it was established in 2008, directly affiliated with the China National Tourism Administration (CNTA).The academy is organised into academic and administrative divisions. For the academic part, it comprises four individual Institutes looking to Tourism Policy and Strategy Studies, Tourism Industry and Enterprise Development, Regional Tourism Planning and Development, and International Tourism Development respectively. In addition, there are twelve independently run subsidiaries affiliated to CTA, including two branch offices located in Kunming and Wuhan, two targeted research centers for Tourism in Taiwan and Western China, along with seven specialised institutions exploring topics including tourism theories, tourism standardisation, hospitality, market development and destination marketing, tourism safety and security, tourism impact analysis, urban tourism and tourism vocational education.The scope of CTA's research activities is quite broad, partly due to its position as the research arm of the National Tourism Administration. It regularly hosts national conferences and forums, inviting both scholars and businesses related to the industry. It is also capable of conducting surveys on national bases, which very much facilitates its annually issued Annual Development Report of China's Tourism.In 2013, CTA partnered with the Italian marketing and communications firm Select Holding. This led to the establishment of the necessary basis for the constitution of Welcome Chinese, an hospitality standard, brand and company with the goal to help Chinese tourists feel more comfortable, easier to travel and feel welcome overseas. CTA agreed to promote the Welcome Chinese project and to privilege participants who have implemented the standard by recommending them to the Chinese travel industry."
China Tourism Association,"China Tourism Association is a Chinese industry association affiliated with China National Tourism Administration.
The Chinese tourism industry is jointly represented by the China Tourism Association and the National Travel Trade Association.
It runs a subordinate educational organisation, the China Tourism Education, associating the tertiary and secondary education providers who offers tourism-related courses in China."
CITS Group Corporation,"The CITS Group Corporation (Chinese: 中国国旅集团有限公司; pinyin: Zhōngguó Guólǚ Jítuán Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a state-owned leisure and tourism corporation based in Beijing, China.
With registered capital of ¥390 million RMB, the group is one of the largest Chinese tourism enterprises.
It is primarily engaged in travel services, duty-free trade and real estate development and management.
Among its major subsidiaries include CITS Head Office, China Duty Free Group, CITS Real Estates, etc.
The group is also the holding company of CITS Corporation Ltd, a domestically listed joint-stock corporation (SSE: 601888)."
Jinhua Homestay Project,"Jinhua Homestay Project is a hospitality exchange service organized by the Jinhua Municipal People's Government Foreign and Overseas Chinese Affairs Office. It is a Home+ project initiated to promote tourism in the villages of China by using idle village resources.
The project invites overseas students to stay for a period of 3 weeks and experience the authentic Chinese culture in one of the villages of Jinhua. So far, the sessions were held in Siping, Suoyuan and Yuyuan. During their stay the participants experience and perform various activities which enable them to learn more about traditional Chinese culture, local customs and folklores. 
The project conducts two sessions per year and every session is in a different village. The cost incurred during the project is entirely paid by the project management authorities. The participants will stay with a Chinese family and experience the traditional Chinese lifestyle. 
The participants have to perform a number of tasks during their stay with the purpose to provide for ideas and suggestions to preserve, protect and promote the ancient Chinese villages. The four sessions to date have attracted 163 overseas participants from 27 countries. They made village maps, studied ancient architecture, learned local folk culture and interviewed villagers to discover ancient stories, contributing to the protection and development of the ancient villages."
List of tourism-related institutions in China,"This is a list of government bodies, agencies, institutions and other corporations related to the tourism in China."
Miyun District,"Miyun District (simplified Chinese: 密云区; traditional Chinese: 密雲區; pinyin: Mìyún Qū) is situated in northeast Beijing. It has an area of 2,227 square kilometres (860 sq mi) and a population of 460,800 (2010 Census). Miyun District government seat is located in Gulou Subdistrict."
Modern Buildings on Zhongshan Square in Dalian,"The modern buildings on Zhongshan Square in Dalian refer to the buildings on Zhongshan Square in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China, built mostly in the first half of the twentieth century, during which time Dalian was Japan's leased territory.
These buildings were declared the ""Cultural Heritage Sites under Protection by the Chinese State Government"" in 2001 and the ""Heritage Buildings under Protection by the Dalian Municipal Government"" in 2002. The scene of this area with the modern buildings of the first half of the 20th century in China is comparable, in a smaller scale, to that of The Shanghai Bund."
People's Square (Dalian),"People's Square (Chinese: 人民广场; pinyin: Rénmín Guǎngchǎng) is a city square in Dalian, Liaoning province, China. 

It was initially built as the Dairen Tyouja Square (Chinese: 大连长者广场) by the occupying Japanese in 1914, changed to Dairen Government Square in 1945, renamed Dairen Stalin Square (Chinese: 大连斯大林广场) by the occupying Soviets in 1949, and finally renamed the People's Square in April 1999. It was the largest square in Dalian from 1914 to 1997, until the Xinghai Square was opened."
Red tourism,"Red tourism (Chinese: 红色旅游; pinyin: Hóngsè lǚyóu) is a subset of domestic and international tourism in current or former 'red' countries such as China and Russia in which people visit locations with historical significance to their ""red"" past.
In China, Chinese people visit locations with historical significance to Chinese Communism ""to rekindle their long-lost sense of class struggle and proletarian principles.""The Government began actively supporting red tourism in 2005 to promote the ""national ethos"" and socioeconomic development in those areas, which are typically rural and poorer than East China. The “General Plan for the Development of Red Tourism in 2004-2010” (2004－2010年全国红色旅游发展规划纲要) was issued by the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party and the General Office of the State Council, it established the first batch of 100 so-called ""red tourism classic scenic spots (红色旅游经典景区)"". In July 2010, officials representing 13 Chinese cities signed a ""China Red Tourism Cities Strategic Cooperation Yan'an Declaration"" to develop red tourism; the cities are: Guang'an, Yan'an, Xiangtan, Jinggangshan, Ruijin, Zunyi, Baise, Shijiazhuang, Linyi, Anyang, Yulin, Qingyang, and Huining.In the Communist Party's view, red tourism strengthens revolutionary traditions, enhances patriotism, and promotes a unique national spirit.: 64  A Chinese official said, ""This is a major project that benefits both the Party, the nation and the people, either in the economic, cultural and the political sense."""
Taiwan Strait Tourism Association,The Taiwan Strait Tourism Association (TSTA; traditional Chinese: 台灣海峽兩岸觀光旅遊協會; simplified Chinese: 台湾海峡两岸观光旅游协会; pinyin: Táiwān Hǎixiá Liǎng'àn Guānguāng Lǚyóu Xiéhuì) is a semi-official representative office of the Republic of China in Mainland China handling tourism-related affairs. Its counterpart body in Taiwan by the People's Republic of China is the Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits.
Tourism Education Press,Tourism Education Press (TEP) is a university press affiliated to Beijing International Studies University (BISU) of China. It was founded in November 1987 as part of the national initiative to promote the domestic tourism industry and tourism education.
Visa policy of mainland China,"Visitors to the mainland of the People's Republic of China must obtain a visa from one of the Chinese diplomatic missions, unless they are a national of one of the visa-exempt countries. The two special administrative regions – Hong Kong and Macau – maintain their own independent border control policies and thus have their own separate visa requirements.Chinese visas are issued both outside China, by the Chinese diplomatic missions, and in China, by the exit and entry administrations (EEAs) of the county-level public security bureaus (PSBs). In order to enter China, however, a non-Chinese national should apply to the visa-issuing authorities outside China for a Chinese visa. Because Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan maintain their independent border control policies, ordinary Chinese visas are valid for mainland China only and are not valid for Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, so travelers must apply for separate visas for Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan should they require one for traveling to these regions.
The government of the People's Republic of China allows holders of ordinary passports issued by some countries to travel to mainland China for tourism or business purposes for up to 15, 30, 60 or 90 days without having to obtain a visa. Visitors of other nationalities, as well as residents of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, are required to obtain either a visa or a permit prior to arrival, depending on their nationality. In order to increase the numbers of tourists visiting the country, some ports of entry of China allow nationals of certain countries to visit specified regions within 72 or 144 hours if they are in transit to a third country. In 2014 the PRC government announced its intention to sign mutual visa facilitation and visa-free agreements with more countries in the future. Since then, a number of such agreements were concluded with some countries.
All non-Chinese travelers as well as Hong Kong and Macau permanent residents who stay in mainland China for more than 24 hours must register with the local PSBs. When staying in a hotel, the registration is usually done as a part of the check-in process. When staying in a private home, however, the visitor must physically report to the local PSB within 24 hours of arrival for cities or 72 hours for rural areas. All visa-free passengers, including those in transit who stay for more than 24 hours, must adhere to the rule, as failure to comply can result in a fine or being detained by PSB for up to 15 days. Since January 2018, persons who failed to register with the local PSBs will be banned from using visa-free transit for a period of 2 years from the day the offence was recorded.Starting from 9 February 2017, holders of non-Chinese travel documents aged between 14 and 70 have been fingerprinted upon entry, with the exception of holders of diplomatic passports."
Welcome Chinese,"Welcome Chinese is a hospitality standard, brand and company founded in 2013 and headquartered in China. It was developed by the marketing and communications firm Select Holding Ltd, together with the China Tourism Academy (CTA), board of the China National Tourism Administration (CNTA). Company's purpose is to help Chinese tourists to feel more comfortable, travel easier and feel welcome overseas. Another goal is to help global hotels/resorts, museums, amusement parks, transportation hubs and all other sightseeing and tourist destinations to reach China's market through promotional activities.

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Young Mao Zedong statue,"The Young Mao Zedong statue  is located on Orange Isle in Changsha, Hunan. The monument stands 32 metres (105 ft) tall and depicts Mao Zedong's head. The Hunan People's Government began building it in 2007 and it was completed two years later, in 2009. It took more than 800 tons of granite mined from Fujian to complete.It is 83 metres (272 ft) long, symbolising Mao's age at his death, 41 metres (135 ft) wide, symbolising the number of years he led the Chinese Communist Party from the Zunyi Conference to his death, and 32 metres (105 ft) high, representing Mao's age when he wrote his poem dedicated to Changsha city."
Tourism in Colombia,"The contribution of travel and tourism to GDP was US$5,880.3bn (2.0% of total GDP) in 2016. Tourism generated 556,135 jobs (2.5% of total employment) in 2016. Foreign tourist visits were predicted to have risen from 0.6 million in 2007 to 4 million in 2017. Responsible tourism became a peremptory need for Colombia because it minimizes negative social, economic and environmental impacts and makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage.Colombia has major attractions for a tourist destination, such as Cartagena and its historic surroundings, which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List; the insular department of San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina; and Santa Marta and the surrounding area. The coffee region is also a very popular destination, especially the traditional town of Salento, Quindío and its surroundings.  Fairly recently, Bogotá, the nation's capital, has become Colombia's major tourist destination because of its improved museums and entertainment facilities and its major urban renovations, including the rehabilitation of public areas, the development of parks, and the creation of an extensive network of cycling routes. With its very rich and varied geography, which includes the Amazon and Andean regions, the Llanos, the Caribbean and Pacific coasts, and the deserts of La Guajira and Tatacoa Desert, and its unique biodiversity, Colombia also has major potential for ecotourism."
Cabo de la Vela,"Cabo de la Vela (Spanish for ""cape of sail"") is a headland in the Guajira Peninsula in Colombia with an adjacent small fishing village. It is a popular ecotourism destination of the Caribbean region of Colombia."
Chiva bus,"A chiva (Spanish for goat) or escalera (Spanish for ladder and stairs) is an artisan rustic  bus used in rural Colombia.  Chivas are adapted to rural public transport, especially considering the mountainous geography of the Andean region of these countries.
The buses are varied and characterized by being painted colorfully (usually with the yellow, blue, and red colors of the flags of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador) with local arabesques and figures. Most have a ladder to the rack on the roof which is also used for carrying people, livestock and merchandise.They are built upon a bus chassis with a modified body made out either metal or wood. Seats are benchlike, made out of wood and with doors instead of windows. The owner or driver usually gives the vehicle a unique nickname.In Panama, the term Chiva is used to describe a Toyota Coaster or another similar bus operating in a manner similar to a Chicken bus. Unlike Chicken buses, Chivas are often painted white."
"Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (Colombia)","The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (Spanish: Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo) or MCIT, is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia concerned with promoting economic growth though trade, tourism and industrial growth."
Piedras del Tunjo Archaeological Park,"Piedras del Tunjo (Spanish for ""Tunjo Rocks"") is an important archaeological park established on a natural rock shelter 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Bogotá in the municipality of Facatativá."
ProColombia,"ProColombia is a government agency of the Executive Branch of the Government of Colombia in charge of promoting Colombian non-traditional exports, international tourism and foreign investment to Colombia by providing domestic companies with support and integral advisory services for their international trade activities, facilitating the design and execution of their internationalization strategies, and by providing foreign companies with trade, legal, and educational information about Colombia's market, products, services and companies. Through its 18 foreign offices in North, Central, South America, Europe and Asia, ProColombia maintains a foreign presence promoting the Colombian brand. The agency works with national and international organisations, including Farmfolio."
Touring and Automobile Club of Colombia,"The Touring & Automovil Club de Colombia, or simply ACC, is a nonprofit organization located throughout the territory Colombia, which gives assistance the traveler, mechanic, support motorsport and provides related car services.
It was founded on October 10 of 1940, is part of the FIA International Automobile Federation, AIT International Tourism Alliance FIVA International Federation of older vehicles."
Tourism in the Comoros,The Comoros does not have a strong tourist industry.
Tourism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,"Tourism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is uncommon. Tourists can see wildlife, indigenous cultures, and geological phenomena not found easily or anywhere else in Africa.
In the capital city, Kinshasa, limited tourism opportunities exist. In downtown Kinshasa an ivory market exists where other than the obvious, Congolese art, tribal masks, and other beautiful goods can be procured. Outside Kinshasa is a bonobo preserve called Lola Ya Bonobo. In Kinshasa visits to the Congo River or the city golf course or downtown restaurants can be nice.
Tourists can trek to see the mountain and lowland gorillas in wild, meet pygmies still practising their traditional way of life in the forests, spot bonobos and okapi—two rare species not found anywhere else on earth, and climb to the summits of active volcanoes and see a boiling lava lake in the crater of Mount Nyiragongo. The DRC has experienced frequent unrest in the eastern part of the country.
Private trips are cheaper in the DRC than in neighbouring Rwanda or Uganda."
Tourism in Costa Rica,"Tourism in Costa Rica has been one of the fastest growing economic sectors of the country and by 1995 became the largest foreign exchange earner. Since 1999, tourism has earned more foreign exchange than bananas, pineapples and coffee exports combined. The tourism boom began in 1987, with the number of visitors up from 329,000 in 1988, through 1.03 million in 1999, over 2 million in 2008, to a historical record of 2.66 million foreign visitors in 2015. In 2012, tourism contributed with 12.5% of the country's GDP and it was responsible for 11.7% of direct and indirect employment. In 2009, tourism attracted 17% of foreign direct investment inflows, and 13% in average between 2000 and 2009. In 2010, the tourism industry was responsible for 21.2% of foreign exchange generated by all exports. According to a 2007 report by ECLAC, tourism contributed to a reduction in poverty of 3% in the country.Since the late 1980s, Costa Rica became a popular nature travel destination, and its main competitive advantage is its well-established system of national parks and protected areas, covering around 23.4% of the country's land area, the largest in the world as a percentage of the country's territory, and home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, in a country that has only 0.03% of the world's landmass, but that is estimated to contain 5% of the world's biodiversity. The country also has plenty of beaches, both in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, within short travel distances, and also several volcanoes that can be visited with safety. By the early 1990s, Costa Rica became known as the poster child of ecotourism, with tourist arrivals reaching an average annual growth rate of 14% between 1986 and 1994.According to the Costa Rican Tourism Board, 47% of international tourists visiting the country in 2009 engaged in activities related to ecotourism, which includes trekking, flora, fauna, and bird watching, and visits to rural communities. However, most visitors look for adventure activities."
Camino de Costa Rica,"The Camino de Costa Rica (Way of Costa Rica) is a 280 kilometres (170 mi) long hiking trail across Costa Rica. It runs from the Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean coast), the southernmost part of the Tortuguero canals, up the mountain and through indigenous territory near the Barbilla National Park and through valleys and mountain ranges of the central region of the country, just south of the Turrialba and Irazu volcanoes and through the Los Santos coffee region down to the Pacific coast in Quepos."
Costa Rican Tourism Board,"The Costa Rican Tourism Board (Spanish: Instituto Costarricense de Turismo) is the government agency responsible for promoting sustainable tourism in Costa Rica. Originally the agency was created by decree in 1931 as the National Tourism Board, and by a law approved on 9 August 1955, the agency became the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT).The Tourism Board is responsible for granting the fiscal incentives available in the country since 1985 for tourism development. These incentives consist mainly of tax exemptions for companies providing hotel services, air transport, car rental, gastronomy services, travel agencies, and other tourism related services.The agency introduced in 1997 a voluntary Certification for Sustainable Tourism Program (known as CST) was introduced in order to turn ""the concept of sustainability into something real"" by ""improving the way in which the natural and social resources are utilized, to motivate the active participation of the local communities, and to support the competitiveness of the business sector. The program was aimed for all types of businesses in the tourism industry, but it began only with lodging providers. By 2007, a total of 108 parameters are considered for the CST evaluation."
Ecotourism in Costa Rica,"Ecotourism is a key component of the tourism industry in Costa Rica. By the early 1990s, Costa Rica became known as the poster child of ecotourism. The country is among many developing nations that look to ecotourism as a way of cashing in on the growing demand for this popular trend of travel.Ecotourism draws many tourists to visit the extensive national parks and protected areas around the country. Costa Rica was a pioneer in this type of tourism, and the country is recognized as one of the few with true ecotourism. While Costa Rica has gained immense popularity for its development of a successful, yet environmentally friendly, ecotourism industry, environmentalists and economists alike debate whether an economy centered on tourism produces more good than harm."
"La Fortuna, San Carlos","La Fortuna is a district of the San Carlos canton, in the Alajuela province of Costa Rica."
Monteverde,"Monteverde  is the twelfth canton of the Puntarenas province of Costa Rica. It is located in the Cordillera de Tilarán mountain range. Roughly a four-hour drive from the Central Valley, Monteverde is one of the country's major ecotourism destinations. The area is host to the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and several other natural attractions, which draw considerable numbers of tourists and naturalists.
National Geographic has called the Monteverde Cloud Forest Biological Reserve ""the jewel in the crown of cloud forest reserves"". Newsweek has declared Monteverde the world's #14 ""Place to Remember Before it Disappears"". By popular vote in Costa Rica, Monteverde was deemed one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Costa Rica, along with Isla del Coco, Volcán Arenal, Cerro Chirripó, Río Celeste, Tortuguero, and Volcán Poás.Santa Elena is the head town. Its homes and businesses serve as the region's tourist hub, along with the nearby neighborhood of Cerro Plano, the community of Monteverde proper, and numerous reserves and attractions in the greater region."
Prostitution in Costa Rica,"Prostitution in Costa Rica is legal. Costa Rica's legal system is based on Roman law rather than common law, and so for prostitution to be illegal it would have to be explicitly stated as such in a penal code, and it is not. Nevertheless, many of the activities surrounding it are illegal, as the law forbids promoting or facilitating the prostitution of another, and therefore pimping, brothels, or prostitution rings are illegal. Prostitution is common and is practiced openly throughout the country, particularly in popular tourism destinations.The large growth in sex tourism prompted the Government of Costa Rica to introduce a voluntary registration scheme for prostitutes. Prostitutes who register with the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) carry an ID card and are entitled to a free health check every 15 days, as well as being able to receive support and assistance. There are estimated to be 15,000 prostitutes in the country. Many of them are from Colombia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, the Dominican Republic, and other Latin American countries.There is a red-light district in the capital, San José, known as Gringo Gulch.Sex trafficking, child prostitution and HIV are problems in the country."
Tourism in Croatia,"Tourism in Croatia (Croatian: turizam u Hrvatskoj) is a major industry of country's economy, accounting for almost 20% of Croatia's gross domestic product (GDP) as of 2021.The history of tourism in Croatia dates back to its time as part of Austria-Hungary when wealthy aristocrats would converge to the sea, but had expanded greatly in the 1960s and '70s under the economic policies of the former Yugoslavia. Today, Croatia is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the Mediterranean, with a total of 11.2 million tourists visiting in 2021.Tourism in Croatia is concentrated in the areas along the Adriatic coast and is strongly seasonal, peaking in July and August. Eight areas in the country have been designated national parks, with an additional eleven as nature parks. Currently, there are ten sites in Croatia on the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites."
Croatian National Tourist Board,"The Croatian National Tourist Board (Croatian: Hrvatska turistička zajednica or HTZ) is Croatia's national tourist organization founded with a view to promoting and creating the identity, and to enhance the reputation of, Croatian tourism. The mission also includes the planning and implementation of a common strategy and the conception of its promotion, proposal and the performance of promotional activities of mutual interest for all subjects in tourism in the country and abroad, as well as raising the overall quality of the whole range of tourist services on offer in the Republic of Croatia. Its headquarters is located in Zagreb."
Gračina Viewpoint,"Gračina Viewpoint is situated in Croatia, in the Municipality of Tisno, between Ivinj and Tisno. The viewpoint is 113 meters above sea level and there is a view of Tisno, Pirovac and Lake Vrana as well as the islands of Murter and Kornati. There is a television transmitter at the viewpoint."
Koversada,
Makarska Riviera,"The Makarska Riviera is a part of the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea, about 60 kilometers (37.2 miles) long and only several kilometers wide, squeezed under towering mountain Biokovo. Sunny climate and long pebbly beaches make this region a popular tourist destination. A string of settlements along the coast from the border with Omiš coast on northwest to Neretva Delta on the southeast:

Brela (population 1,618 according to 2001 census)
Baška Voda (2,045)
Promajna (456)
Krvavica (287)
Bratuš (-)
Bast (136)
Makarska, the center of the region (13,716)
Tučepi (1,763)
Podgora (1,534)
Drašnice (328)
Igrane (480)
Živogošće (538)
Drvenik (500)
Zaostrog (372)
Podaca (716)
Brist (453)
Gradac (1,574)"
Materine užance,
Panorama Viewpoint,"Panorama Viewpoint is located to the right of the Šibenik Bridge (from the direction of Vodice), near the Panorama cafe and hotel. The Šibenik bridge connects the two sides of the Šibenik Channel and the Panorama Viewpoint is located on the south side of the Channel."
Plava Laguna,"Plava Laguna is  a Serbo-Croatian phrase meaning ""blue lagoon"". It is also the name of a tourist group based in Poreč in Istria, Croatia."
Tourism in Cuba,"Tourism in Cuba is an industry that generates over 4.7 million arrivals as of 2018, and is one of the main sources of revenue for the island. With its favorable climate, beaches, colonial architecture and distinct cultural history, Cuba has long been an attractive destination for tourists. ""Cuba treasures 253 protected areas, 257 national monuments, 7 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 7 Natural Biosphere Reserves and 13 Fauna Refuge among other non-tourist zones.""Having been Spain's closest colony to the United States until 1898, in the first part of the 20th century Cuba continued to develop with the influence of big investments, the creation of various industries, and growing travel to support mostly US interests and corporations. Its proximity (roughly 90 miles (140 km) from the Florida Keys) and close relationship to the United States also helped Cuba's market economy prosper fairly quickly. As relations between Cuba and the United States deteriorated rapidly after the Cuban Revolution of 1959 and the resulting expropriation and nationalisation of businesses, the island became cut off from its traditional market by an ongoing embargo and a travel ban was imposed on U.S. citizens visiting Cuba. The tourist industry declined to record low levels within two years of Castro's accession to power.
Unlike the US, Canada has maintained normal relations with Cuba and Canadians increasingly visited Cuba for vacations.  Approximately one third of visitors to Cuba in 2014 were Canadians. The Cuban government has moderated its state ownership policies and allowed for localised and small private business since 1980.  It also pursues revitalisation programs aimed at boosting tourism. The United States reestablished diplomatic relations with Cuba in 2015, in a period referred to as the Cuban Thaw, and the tourism industry has not benefited as much as was predicted from normalised relations with America as the Trump administration reinstated a number of the pre-Cuban Thaw restrictions, and imposed fresh restrictions."
Casa particular,"Casa particular (Spanish for ""private house""; plural casas particulares) is a phrase meaning private accommodation or private homestays in Cuba, very similar to a bed and breakfast, although it can also take the form of a vacation rental. When the meaning is clear, the term is often shortened to simply casa. Today, many casas particulares are rented through online agencies, some specifically Cuban, and others that work worldwide."
Historic Centre of Cienfuegos,"The Historic Centre of Cienfuegos, is located in the city of Cienfuegos in Cuba. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005, because of its outstanding Neoclassical architecture and its status as the best example of early 19th century Spanish urban planning. The historic centre contains six buildings from 1819–50, 327 buildings from 1851–1900, and 1188 buildings from the 20th century."
Club Resorts Ltd v Van Breda,"Club Resorts Ltd v Van Breda, 2012 SCC  17, is a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada that has brought greater certainty to the question of a real and substantial connection in the assumption of civil jurisdiction by Canadian courts in matters concerning the conflict of laws."
Habaguanex S.A.,The Habaguanex S.A. is a Cuban hospitality company which was founded by the Office of the Historian of Havana City and directed by Eusebio Leal.
United States embargo against Cuba,"The United States embargo against Cuba prevents U.S. businesses, and businesses organized under U.S. law or majority-owned by U.S. citizens, from conducting trade with Cuban interests. It is the most enduring trade embargo in modern history. The U.S. first imposed an embargo on the sale of arms to Cuba on March 14, 1958, during the Fulgencio Batista regime. Again on October 19, 1960, almost two years after the Cuban Revolution had led to the deposition of the Batista regime, the U.S. placed an embargo on exports to Cuba except for food and medicine after Cuba nationalized the US-owned Cuban oil refineries without compensation. On February 7, 1962, the embargo was extended to include almost all exports. The United Nations General Assembly has passed a resolution every year since 1992 demanding the end of the U.S. economic embargo on Cuba, with the U.S. and Israel being the only nations to consistently vote against the resolutions.As of 2022, the embargo is enforced mainly through the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, the Cuban Assets Control Regulations of 1963, the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992, the Helms–Burton Act of 1996, and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000. The stated purpose of the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 is to maintain sanctions on Cuba as long as the Cuban government refuses to move toward ""democratization and greater respect for human rights."" The Helms-Burton Act further restricted United States citizens from doing commerce in or with Cuba, and mandated restrictions on giving public or private assistance to any successor government in Havana unless and until certain claims against the Cuban government were met. In 1999, President Bill Clinton expanded the trade embargo by also disallowing foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to trade with Cuba. In 2000, Clinton authorized the sale of food and humanitarian products to Cuba.William M. LeoGrande summarized that the embargo against Cuba is ""the oldest and most comprehensive US economic sanctions regime against any country in the world"" imposed over half a century ago. According to LeoGrande, ""the embargo has never been effective at achieving its principal purpose: forcing Cuba's revolutionary regime out of power or bending it to Washington's will.""The original purpose of the embargo was to ""(make) the greatest inroads in denying money and supplies to Cuba, to decrease monetary and real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and overthrow of government""."
Varadero,"Varadero (Spanish pronunciation: [baɾaˈðeɾo]), also referred to as Playa Azul (Blue Beach), is a resort town in the province of Matanzas, Cuba, and one of the largest resort areas in the Caribbean. Varadero Beach is rated one of the world's best beaches in TripAdvisor's Traveler's Choice Awards since 2019, ranking at number two. Common activities include fishing and excursions to Matanzas, Cárdenas, and the Península de Zapata."
Tourism in Cyprus,"Tourism in Cyprus occupies a dominant position in the country's economy, and has significantly impacted its culture and multicultural development throughout the years. In 2006, the tourism industry made up 10.7% of the country's GDP and the total employment in the tourism industry was estimated at 113,000 jobs. With a usual minimum of around 4
million tourist arrivals per year, it is the 40th most popular destination in the world and the 6th most popular per capita of local population. Cyprus has been a full member of the World Tourism Organization since 1975."
Faros beach,"Faros beach (in Greek: Παραλία του Φάρου), is situated in the locality of Larnaca, Cyprus, specifically in the village of Pervolia. The beach is sandy with a very wild and resistant to the sun vegetation around the beach. The sea of this bay is a crystal blue and with significant fish life. The beach attracts a significant number of tourists due to its accessibility from Larnaca International Airport. At the beach there are a number of water sports, cantinas and a small volley beach court.
At Faros Bay one finds a good number of boat houses, that are used by the Cypriots as summer residences. The Cypriot Government has had a patchy history of enforcing its regulations against private encroachment on public land."
Khirokitia,"Khirokitia (sometimes spelled Choirokoitia; Greek: Χοιροκοιτία [çiɾociˈti.a], suggested meaning Pig-cradle, from χοίρος 'pig, boar' + κοιτίς 'place of origin, cradle'; Turkish: Hirokitya) is an archaeological site on the island of Cyprus dating from the Neolithic age. It has been listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1998. The site is known as one of the most important and best preserved prehistoric sites of the eastern Mediterranean. Much of its importance lies in the evidence of an organised functional society in the form of a collective settlement, with surrounding fortifications for communal protection. The Neolithic aceramic period is represented by this settlement and around 20 other similar settlements spread throughout the island."
Laiki Geitonia,"""Laiki Geitonia""(Greek: Λαϊκή Γειτονιά) is a traditional neighbourhood is the pedestrian area of walled city of Nicosia, Cyprus, opposite to the D'Avila bastion and 0.3 km long from the Eleftheria square.
Laiki Geitonia's restoration of houses is an example of traditional Cypriot urban architecture. The buildings date from the end of the 18th Century, with building materials being mainly wood, sandstone and mudbrick. It is a pedestrianised area of narrow winding streets, combining residential houses with craft shops, souvenir shops and tavernas.The main Tourist Information Centre in Nicosia is located in Laiki Geitonia and a number of walking tours of Nicosia start on Mondays, Thursdays, and Fridays from that place."
Larnaca yacht killings,"The Larnaca Yacht killings was a terrorist attack by alleged supporters of the Palestine Liberation Organization in Larnaca, Cyprus on September 25, 1985, followed by a ten-hour standoff with police.

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Ledra Palace Hotel,"The Ledra Palace Hotel is located in central Nicosia, Cyprus, and until 1974 was one of the largest and most glamorous hotels of the capital. The hotel was designed by the German Jewish architect Benjamin Günsberg and was built between 1947 and 1949 by Cyprus Hotels Limited at a cost of approx £240,000 Cyprus pounds on what was then called King Edward VII Street, since 1962 Markos Drakos Avenue. The hotel opened on 8 October 1949 in the presence of British Governor Sir Andrew Wright and Vice Mayor of Nicosia George Poulios. It originally had 94 bedrooms and 150 beds, officially rated as de luxe. All rooms had hot and cold water, central heating and a telephone. Facilities included a conference, reading, bridge and ballroom with orchestra. There were two restaurants, two bars and café. Located within the garden was a swimming pool (which was installed in 1964), paddling pool, children's playground and tennis courts. The hotel had two additional floors added in 1967–1968, thus raising its capacity to 200 rooms and 320 beds.During the invasion, the Turkish Military attempted to  take the hotel however were unsuccessful. Following the announcement of the truce it fell within the boundaries of the UN Buffer Zone and from 1974 to 2019 served as the headquarters for Sector 2 United Nations Roulement Regiment (URR) part of UNFICYP. A 2017 Strategic  Review Team from United Nations Headquarters found that due to outdated health and safety measures, the upper floors of the building would have to be vacated by UN forces. A new location opposite of the hotel, named Wolseley Barracks, was chosen as the new headquarters for Sector 2. It has capacity for 151 troops and 24 officers and opened in 2019.The Ledra Palace Hotel has played host to many high level meetings between Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot leaders, as well as hundreds of structured conflict resolution workshops between Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot peace builders supported and facilitated both by international organizations (e.g., Fulbright, Institute of Multi-track Diplomacy, United States Agency for International Development) and local pioneers (e.g., Cyprus Conflict Resolution Trainers Group). It is also used as the venue for cultural events aiming at bringing the two communities closer together as well as for meetings of general interest.Since 2004 it has been the site of a designated crossing point of the Green Line separating the Republic of Cyprus controlled areas from the de facto Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus."
Nicosia aqueduct,"Nicosia old aqueduct is located in Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus and is the oldest aqueduct in Cyprus. It is located close to Eleftheria (Liberty) Monument in Nicosia."
CS Salamis Glory,"CS Salamis Glory (formerly Anna Nery, Danaos, Constellation, Morning Star, Regency Spirit) was a cruise ship registered in Limassol, Cyprus. She cruised the Eastern Mediterranean Sea visiting countries such as Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Greece and Egypt out of Limassol. Entering service in 1962 for a Brazilian shipping company as Anna Nery, the cruise ship was involved in two collisions off Haifa, Israel during its career, one in 1963, 25 km off of Rio de Janeiro with a tanker, and again in 2007. The vessel was sold for scrap in 2009 and broken up.

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Tourism in the Czech Republic,There is a long history of tourism in the Czech Republic. Prague belongs to the most visited cities of the world with 6–8 million visitors per year.
Bramberk,"Bramberk (German: Bramberg) is a stone observation tower in the municipality of Lučany nad Nisou in the Czech Republic. It is located on the hill Bramberk (787 m above sea level) in the Jizera Mountains. It is 21 metres high, with 87 steps to the top. It was built in 1912."
Cross-border Mining Trail,"The Cross-border Mining Education Trail (German: Grenzüberschreitender Bergbaulehrpfad, Czech: Příhraniční naučná hornická stezka) from Krupka (German: Graupen) to Geising, Altenberg, Zinnwald and Cínovec (German: Böhmisch Zinnwald) to Dubí (German: Eichwald) is a 40 km long mining history educational trail in the upper Eastern Ore Mountains in Germany and the Czech Republic. It links seventy sites (including museums, monuments, visitor mines, mining ponds and ditches, reclamations and tourist attractions) connected with the history of mining and settlement in this cross-border region of the Ore Mountains. The educational trail describes the development of what was once the most important tin mining regions in Central Europe. In order to hike the trail, a walking map is recommended that contains detailed maps and short descriptions of the waypoints en route and the opening times of the museums."
Czech Hiking Markers System,"The Czech Hiking Markers Standard is an international system of hiking markers for tourist trails, used in more countries than any competing standard. The signs and markers can be used in both wilderness and cities. They are internationally well understandable as they grow from the same tradition in other Central European countries. Similar signs are in use in Austria, Germany, Poland and Switzerland.

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Czech Tourist Club,"Czech Tourist Club (Czech: Klub českých turistů, KČT), known also as Czech Hiking Club was created in 1888. With over  40,000 members, it is a large organisation responsible for maintaining the dense Czech Hiking Markers System."
Elbe Cycle Route,"The Elbe Cycle Route (Elberadweg in German) is part of an international network of cycling routes all over Europe. It is integrated in the system of currently 37 river cycling routes in Germany and by far the most popular route for cyclists in this country. 
The Elbe Cycle Route starts in Špindlerův Mlýn in the Krkonoše mountains. It then runs for about 1220 km until it ends in Cuxhaven at the North Sea. Part of it falls together with the EV7 of the EuroVelo network. One variety of the route starts in Prague, following the river Vltava to the Elbe.
After a fairly adventurous part of the Route on the Czech side of the river one reaches the famous Elbe Sandstone Mountains in Bohemian Switzerland and Saxon Switzerland and crosses the border to Germany. Shortly after this the Route leads through, Dresden and later through other cities like Meißen, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Dessau, Magdeburg, Tangermünde, Lauenburg, Hamburg, Cuxhaven.
There are many small villages with old churches and other interesting sites along the way. A lot of restaurants and pensions offer their service to the weary after a day of cycling.
One of the other reasons however for its popularity is probably the fact that there are no significant level changes from Dresden on. It is practically downhill all the way from Dresden to Cuxhaven while the other direction mostly offers slight tailwinds.
The Elbe Cycling Route is marked throughout Germany with a special sign."
EV7 The Sun Route,"EuroVelo 7 (EV7), named the Sun Route, is a 7,409 km (4,604 mi) long EuroVelo long-distance cycling route running north–south through the whole of Europe from the North Cape in Norway to the island of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. The route passes through nine countries, and from north to south these are: Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Italy, Malta."
Jičín Airport,"Jičín Airport (Czech: Letiště Jičín) (ICAO: LKJC) is a public aerodrome with civil traffic. It is situated approximately 1.8 kilometres (1 mi) southwest of Jičín, a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic, at the border of Bohemian Paradise.  The airport is plentifully used for sport flying and sightseeing flights above Prachov Rocks eventually the Giant Mountains."
Mute blazes in the Giant Mountains,"Mute blazes in the Giant Mountains, called also Muttich blazes (Czech: muttichovky), is a system of trail blazing used in the Czech part of the Giant Mountains."
Spa towns in the Czech Republic,"There are number of spa towns in the Czech Republic. Between the oldest and most visited are the spas of Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně, Františkovy Lázně, Luhačovice and Poděbrady. In 2011 the Czech spas were visited by around 700,000 guests, of whom around half were foreigners, mainly from Germany, Russia and Austria.List of spa towns:

Bílina (German: Bilin)
Lázně Bludov (German: Blauda)
Darkov
Františkovy Lázně (German: Franzensbad)
Hodonín (German: Göding)
Jáchymov (German: Sankt Joachimsthal)
Jeseník (German: Gräfenberg)
Karlova Studánka (German: Bad Karlsbrunn)
Karlovy Vary (German: Karlsbad)
Klimkovice (German: Königsberg in Schlesien)
Lázně Bělohrad
Lázně Bohdaneč
Lipová-lázně (German: Nieder Lindewiese)
Luhačovice
Mariánské Lázně (German: Marienbad)
Poděbrady
Teplice (German: Teplitz-Schönau)
Teplice nad Bečvou
Třeboň (German: Wittingau)
Velké Losiny (German: Groß Ullersdorf)"
Tourism in Denmark,"Tourism in Denmark is a growing industry and a major economic contributor: tourists spent a total of DKK 128 billion and the tourism industry employed 161,999 people in full time positions in 2017.In 2018, tourists from Denmark's neighboring countries, Germany, Norway, and Sweden, comprised the majority of foreign tourists. That year also saw 30 million international arrivals. The number of overnight visitors has been slightly increasing since 2014; in 2018, 16.6 million tourists stayed overnight.Denmark has long stretches of sandy beaches, attracting many tourists in the summer, with Germany accounting for most foreign visitors. Swedish and Norwegian tourists often come to visit the relatively lively city of Copenhagen, while many young Scandinavians come for Denmark's comparably cheap and readily accessible beer, wines and spirits.As Europe's oldest kingdom and the home of Hans Christian Andersen, Denmark is often marketed as a ""fairytale country"". The term is so ingrained, that it is still used in international news reports, especially when the news is of a nature contradicting the image, such as the Copenhagen riots or the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy.Denmark has a relatively large outbound tourism, with Spain as primary destination, accounting for 14% of all overnight stays abroad of four days or more in 2013. Turkey ranks as the primary destination outside of Europe at 7%."
Copenhagen Capacity,"Copenhagen Capacity is Greater Copenhagen's official organization for investment, promotion and business development. The organization was established in 1994 by Copenhagen Municipality, Frederiksberg Municipality, Copenhagen County, Frederiksborg County and Roskilde County, and works closely with ""Invest in Denmark"", the official investment promotion agency within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark.
It operates as an independent organization financed by Capital Region of Denmark and Region Zealand. It offers business development services (market research, business set-up, business expansion) to foreign-owned companies free of charge and promises ""full confidentiality""."
Hamlet's Grave,"There are two sites in Denmark presented as Hamlet's Grave (Hamlets Grav), the burial site of Amleth (Amlethus, Amlodi, Amblett), the  Jutish chieftain of historical legend on whom Hamlet, the hero of  Shakespeare's tragedy was based; one is in the grounds of Marienlyst Castle in Helsingør, the other is a Bronze Age tumulus in Ammelhede,  Randers Municipality, Jutland."
List of tourist attractions in Denmark,"This list of tourist attractions in Denmark presents the 50 most visited tourist attractions in Denmark according to the annual survey published by VisitDenmark, the Danish national tourist organisation.  Visitor numbers are from 2013."
Scandinavian Tourist Board,"The Scandinavian Tourist Board (STB) is a joint initiative by the national tourist boards of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. STB is responsible for promoting Scandinavia and Scandinavian tourism products in Asia-Pacific with particular emphasis on the major markets of Japan and China."
VisitDenmark,"VisitDenmark is the Official Tourism Organisation of Denmark.
The organisation is marketing Denmark as a tourist destination abroad, with a view to attracting more holiday visitors and conference delegates, who can generate increased revenue for the tourism industry. The marketing activities are carried out in close cooperation with the tourism industry and other integral players, for example through partnerships.
VisitDenmark is headed by a board, appointed by the Danish Minister of Business and Growth. The budget is 113 mio. kr. (€15 million.) 50/50 co-finansing from partners.VisitDenmark’s headquarters is in Copenhagen. Market offices in Norway, Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, the United States and China."
Tourism in Djibouti,"Tourism in Djibouti is one of the growing economic sectors of the country and is an industry that generates 53,000 and 73,000 arrivals per year, with its favorable beaches and climate and also including islands and beaches in the Gulf of Tadjoura and the Bab al-Mandab. The main tourist activities are scuba diving, fishing, trekking and hiking, discovering the nomadic way, bird watching, and sun, sea and sand."
Tourism in Dominica,"Tourism in Dominica consists mostly of hiking in the rain forest and visiting cruise ships.
Dominica's tourist industry is in its infancy compared to other Caribbean islands. For many years its rugged terrain, lack of white beaches, and underdeveloped infrastructure prevented large-scale tourist development. In recent years, Dominica has successfully marketed itself as the ""nature island of the Caribbean,"" seeking to attract eco-tourists interested in landscapes and wildlife. The government realizes that intensive tourism is incompatible with preserving the island's eco-system and in 1997 signed an agreement with Green Globe, the environmental division of the World Travel and Tourism Council, to develop the island as a ""model ecotourism destination."" The 3-year program provided technical expertise on environmental management as well as helping to market Dominica through specialist travel companies.
At the same time, the government has encouraged a steady increase in Dominica's tourism capacity, with numerous new hotels being built and considerable investment in cruise ship facilities. The new cruise ship jetty at Prince Rupert Bay, near Portsmouth, has dramatically increased the number of ships calling annually and brought significant tourism-related opportunities to the formerly depressed community of Portsmouth. Annual tourist arrivals are estimated at 200,000, of whom about 75,000 are stay-over visitors. The great majority are cruise ship visitors who spend limited time and money on the island. Revenues from tourism reached US$49 million in 1999.
Compared to many other Caribbean islands, Dominica's tourism industry may be considered to be underdeveloped (65,000 visitors per year).  It does not have any world-famous chains of hotels.
However, Dominica has a few famous tourist spots, such as the Indian River in Portsmouth, Emerald Pool, Trafalgar Falls, Scotts Head (where the Atlantic Ocean meets the Caribbean Sea), and the world's second-largest boiling lake, which is inside Morne Trois Pitons National Park.  The national park, itself, has been designated a World Heritage Site. A 2005 New York Times article reported that locals, who believe an earthquake to be the most likely culprit, claim the boiling lake had diminished in volume and effect (in the sense of impressing visitors) in recent years.This island country also has many diving spots with steep drop-offs, healthy marine environment, and reefs.
In 2004, because of its natural environment, Dominica was chosen to be one of the primary filming locations for Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest and its follow-up, At World's End. Hampstead Beach, Indian River, Londonderry River, Soufriere, and Vieille Case, which is situated on the island's northern tip, were among the places selected for filming. The production ended on May 26, 2005. The cast and crew and their island hosts had a ""Dominica Survivor Party"".
Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Cruise Lines, Princess Cruise Lines and Oceania Cruise Lines have made Dominica one of their ports of call.  The pier is located in the capital city of Roseau and is a simple pier.  Other Caribbean islands—such as St. Thomas, Barbados, St. Lucia, and Antigua—have more extensive cruise pier facilities.
The Dominica straw markets open on Tuesdays when the cruise ship docks.  These shops are operated by locals and are located on the main street directly in front of the pier, as well as directly behind the Dominica Museum.  No other straw markets are located on the north side of the island."
Tourism in the Dominican Republic,"Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an important sector of the country's economy. More than 8.5 million tourists visited the Dominican Republic in 2022, making it the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean and putting it in the top 5 overall in the Americas. The industry accounts for 11.6% of the nation's GDP and is a particularly important source of revenue in coastal areas of the country. The nation's tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape and colonial history attracts visitors from around the world.In 2022, the nation's tourism was named the best-performing nation post-pandemic with over 5% visitors more in comparison to pre-pandemic levels in 2019.As one of the most geographically diverse nations in the region, the Dominican Republic is home to Pico Duarte, the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, and Lake Enriquillo, its largest lake and lowest elevation. The earliest cathedral, castle, monastery and fortress built in all of the Americas is located in Santo Domingo's Colonial Zone, an area declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
Columbus Lighthouse,"Columbus Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro a Colón, meaning ""Lighthouse to Columbus"") is a mausoleum monument to Christopher Columbus located in Santo Domingo Este, Dominican Republic.
Construction began in 1986, using plans drawn in 1931 by Scottish architect J.L. Gleave. In time for the 500th anniversary of Columbus's first voyage, the monument was inaugurated in 1992. It was funded by the Latin American states and the total cost of construction was approximately US$70 million.The monument's lighthouse-style features projecting beams of light, forming a cross shape, which are so powerful that they can be seen from neighboring Puerto Rico.

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Tourism in Ecuador,"Ecuador is a country with vast natural and cultural wealth. The diversity of its four regions has resulted in hundreds of thousands of species of flora and fauna. It has about 1640 species of birds. The species of butterflies line the 4,500, the 345 reptiles, 358 amphibians and 258 mammals, among others. Ecuador is considered one of the 17 countries where the greatest biodiversity of the planet is concentrated. Most of its flora and fauna live in 26 areas protected by the State. It also offers historical attractions such as Quito, food and a variety of cultures and traditions.
Ecuador is crossed from north to south by a volcanic section of Andes 70  volcanos, being the higher the Chimborazo, with 6310 m West of the Andes is the Gulf of Guayaquil and a wooded plain; at east, the Amazon. It is the country with the highest concentration of rivers per square kilometer in the world. In the Ecuadorian territory, which includes the Galápagos Islands 1000 km west of the coast, lies the densest biodiversity in the planet.
The Ministry of Information and Tourism was created on August 10, 1992, at beginning of the government of Sixto Durán Ballén, who envisioned at tourism as a key activity for the economic and social development of peoples. Compared with the growth of the tourism sector in June 1994, was taken the decision to separate tourism of information, to be devoted exclusively to promote and strengthen this activity."
Hacienda Guachalá,"The Hacienda Guachalá is known as the oldest hacienda in Ecuador, and the most important hacienda until the middle of the 20th century. The oldest buildings date from the year 1580, and at its apogee comprised more than 21000 ha. It hosted members of the French Geodesic Mission, Gabriel García Moreno, an Ecuadorian former president; Neptalí Bonifaz, first president of Central Bank of Ecuador. Cristóbal Bonifaz, founder member of the Charles Darwin Foundation, Diego Bonifaz, a former Mayor of Cayambe during 2000-2011 period, and Rafael Bonifaz, former Elastix distro community manager.Since its conversion in 1993, Hacienda Guachalá remains open as a hostal and as a historic tourism destination."
Tourism in Egypt,"Tourism is one of the leading sources of income, crucial to Egypt's economy. At its peak in 2010, the sector employed about 12% of workforce of Egypt, serving approximately 14.7 million visitors to Egypt, and providing revenues of nearly $12.5 billion  as well as contributing more than 11% of GDP and 14.4% of foreign currency revenues."
2010 Sharm El Sheikh shark attacks,"The 2010 Sharm El Sheikh shark attacks were a series of attacks by sharks on swimmers off the Red Sea resort of Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. On 1 December 2010, three Russians and one Ukrainian were seriously injured within minutes of each other, and, on 5 December 2010, a German woman was killed when she was attacked while wading and snorkeling in the shallows close to the shoreline. The attacks were described as ""unprecedented"" by shark experts.
In response to the attacks, beaches in the popular tourist resort were closed for over a week, dozens of suspected “aggressive” sharks were caught and killed, and the local government issued new rules, regarding the banning of shark-feeding and restrictions on swimming. A variety of theories were put-forward to explain the attacks, including overfishing in the Red Sea, causing increased hunger and aggression in the sharks, as well as the illegal, intentional or inadvertent feeding of fish close to shore (which produces scents that attract sharks). Another theory considers the dumping of sheep carcasses in the Red Sea by a livestock transport (during the Islamic festival of Eid al-Adha) that may have attracted the sharks closer to shore."
Agilkia Island,"Agilkia Island (also called Agilika; Arabic: أجيليكا, from Old Nubian: ⲁ̅ⲅⲗ̅, romanised: agil, ""mouth"") is an island in the reservoir of the Old Aswan Dam along the Nile River in southern Egypt; it is the present site of the relocated ancient Egyptian temple complex of Philae. Partially to completely flooded by the old dam's construction in 1902, the Philae complex was dismantled and relocated to Agilkia island, as part of a wider UNESCO project related to the 1960s construction of the Aswan High Dam and the eventual flooding of many sites posed by its large reservoir upstream.Agilkia, like the island, was the name chosen for the planned landing site on a comet by the Rosetta spacecraft mission's Philae lander. Upon initial touchdown, however, the lander took a large bounce followed by a smaller one before finally coming to rest perhaps a kilometre away from Agilkia, at a site named Abydos, after the ancient Egyptian city."
Arish,"ʻArish or el-ʻArīsh (Arabic: العريش al-ʿArīš  Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [elʕæˈɾiːʃ]) is the capital and largest city (with 164,830 inhabitants as of 2012) of the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt, as well as the largest city on the Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast 344 kilometres (214 mi) northeast of Cairo and 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the Egypt-Gaza border.
In Antiquity and Early Middle Ages the city was known as Rinokoroura (Ancient Greek: Ῥινοκόρουρα, Coptic: ϩⲣⲓⲛⲟⲕⲟⲣⲟⲩⲣⲁ).ʻArīsh is located at the mouth of Wadi el-ʻArīsh, a 250 kilometres (160 mi) long ephemeral watercourse. The Azzaraniq Protectorate is on the eastern side of ʻArīsh.

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Aswan,"Aswan (, also US: ; Arabic: أسوان, romanized: ʾAswān [ʔɑsˈwɑːn]; Coptic: Ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ Souan [swɑn]) is a city in Southern Egypt, and is the capital of the Aswan Governorate.
Aswan is a busy market and tourist centre located just north of the Aswan Dam on the east bank of the Nile at the first cataract. The modern city has expanded and includes the formerly separate community on the island of Elephantine.
Aswan includes five monuments within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae (despite Aswan being neither Nubian, nor between Abu Simbel and Philae); these are the Old and Middle Kingdom tombs of Qubbet el-Hawa, the town of Elephantine, the stone quarries and Unfinished Obelisk, the Monastery of St. Simeon and the Fatimid Cemetery. The city's Nubian Museum is an important archaeological center, containing finds from the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia prior to the Aswan Dam's flooding of all of Lower Nubia.
The city is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the category of craft and folk art. Aswan joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2017."
Café Riche,"Café Riche (Arabic: مقهى ريش) which opened in 1908 at 17th of Talaat Harb Street, is one of the most renowned landmarks in downtown Cairo.  At various times a meeting place for intellectuals and revolutionaries, the café witnessed many historically significant events over the 20th century. It is said to be where King Farouk saw his second wife, Nariman Sadek; where the perpetrator of the 1919 failed assassination attempt on Egypt's last Coptic Prime Minister, Youssef Wahba Pacha lay in wait for his target; and where several members of the resistance during the 1919 revolution met the basement to organize their activities and print their flyers. Patrons included the political novelist Naguib Mahfouz and the then-future president Gamal Abdel Nasser."
Cultural tourism in Egypt,"Egypt has a thriving cultural tourism industry, built on the country's complex history, multicultural population and importance as a regional centre."
Dahab,"Dahab (Egyptian Arabic: دهب, IPA: [ˈdæhæb], ""gold"") is a small Egyptian town on the southeast coast of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, approximately 80 km (50 mi) northeast of Sharm el-Sheikh. Formerly a Bedouin fishing village, Dahab is now considered to be one of Egypt's most treasured diving destinations. Following the Six-Day War, Sinai was occupied by Israel and Dahab became known as Di-Zahav (Hebrew: די זהב), after a place mentioned in the Bible as one of the stations for the Israelites during the Exodus from Egypt. The Sinai Peninsula was restored to Egyptian rule under the Egypt–Israel peace treaty in 1982. Egypt's former president, Hosni Mubarak, supported the arrival of many local and international tourism companies, hotel chains, and the establishment of many other ancillary facilities, which has since made the town resorts a popular destination with tourists. Dahab is served by Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport. Masbat, within Dahab, is a popular diving destination, and there are 50+ dive centers located within Dahab. Most of Dahab's diving spots are shore dives.
Dahab can be divided into three major parts. Masbat, which includes the Bedouin village of Asalah, is in the north. South of Masbat is Mashraba, which is more touristic and has considerably more hotels. In the southwest is Medina which includes the Laguna area, famous for its excellent shallow-water kite- and windsurfing.
The region of Asalah is quite developed and has many campsites and hostels. Most people who have visited Dahab in the past are backpackers interested in diving and snorkeling in the Red Sea. The town of Dahab counts around 15,000 inhabitants.

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El Alamein,"El Alamein (Arabic: العلمين, romanized: al-ʿAlamayn, lit. 'the two flags', IPA: [elʕælæˈmeːn] (listen)) is a town in the northern Matrouh Governorate of Egypt. Located on the Arab's Gulf, Mediterranean Sea, it lies 106 kilometres (66 mi) west of Alexandria and 300 kilometres (186 mi) northwest of Cairo. As of 2007, it had a population of 7,397 inhabitants.
The town is located on the site of the ancient city Antiphrai (Greek: Ἀντίφραι)."
El Gouna,"El Gouna (Egyptian Arabic: الجونة [elˈɡuːnæ], ""the Lagoon"") is an Egyptian tourist city, owned and developed by Samih Sawiris' Orascom Development, dating from 1989. It is located on the Red Sea in the Red Sea Governorate of Egypt, 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of Hurghada. It is part of the Red Sea Riviera, and a host city of the El Gouna Film Festival.El Gouna has 10 kilometers of coastline and consists of 20 islands surrounded by lagoons. The town is 25 kilometers away from the Hurghada International Airport.
El Gouna buildings were designed by European and American architects to resemble traditional rural Egyptian architecture such as that found in the Egyptian countryside and in Nubian villages. El Gouna specializes in water-sports. There are several beaches: including Zeytuna Beach (Arabic: شاطئ زيتونة) located on its own island, Mangroovy Beach, Moods Beach and other hotel beaches. 
There are three main areas in El Gouna, Downtown, Tamr Henna Square (Arabic: ميدان تمر حنة) and the Abu Tig Marina (Arabic: مارينا أبو تيج).
It also has a mosque and a Coptic church, the Church of St. Mary and the Archangels.
In 2017 an annual film festival was established, the El Gouna Film Festival. Founded by telecom billionaire Naguib Sawiris, El Gouna Film Festival was previously attended by globally prominent celebrities including Grey's Anatomy's Patrick Dempsey, Rambo's Sylvester Stallone and Midnight in Paris' Owen Wilson."
Hot air ballooning in Luxor,"Hot air ballooning in Luxor is an aspect of the Egyptian tourist industry. Tour companies offer sunrise  rides in hot air balloons to tourists who enjoy views of ancient Thebes, the temple complexes of Karnak and Luxor, the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens."
Luxor,"Luxor (Arabic: الأقصر, romanized: al-ʾuqṣur, lit. 'the palaces') is a modern city in Upper (southern) Egypt which includes the site of the Ancient Egyptian city of Thebes. 
Luxor has frequently been characterized as the ""world's greatest open-air museum"", as the ruins of the Egyptian temple complexes at Karnak and Luxor stand within the modern city. Immediately opposite, across the River Nile, lie the monuments, temples and tombs of the west bank Theban Necropolis, which includes the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens. Thousands of tourists from all around the world arrive annually to visit Luxor's monuments, contributing greatly to the economy of the modern city.
The population of Luxor is 422,407 (2021), with an area of approximately 417 km2 (161 sq mi). It is the capital of Luxor Governorate. It is among the oldest inhabited cities in the world."
2013 Luxor hot air balloon crash,"On 26 February 2013, a hot air balloon crashed near Luxor, Egypt, killing 19 out of the 21 people on board. A fire developed in the basket due to a leak in the balloon's gas fuel system, causing the balloon to deflate mid-air and crash to the ground.It was the deadliest ballooning accident in history and the deadliest aerostat disaster since the Hindenburg disaster in 1937, which killed 36 people."
Marsa Alam,"Marsa Alam (Egyptian Arabic: مرسى علم Marsā ʿAlam [ˈmæɾsæ ˈʕælæm], Classical Arabic lit. 'Anchorage Mountain') is a town in south-eastern Egypt, located on the western shore of the Red Sea. It is currently seeing fast increasing popularity as a tourist destination and development following the opening of Marsa Alam International Airport in 2003.
Due to its crystal clear water and its white sandy beaches, it is also known as the ""Egyptian Maldives"".Among the most famous beaches around Marsa Alam is the Abu Dabab beach. In Abu Dabab, turtles are a common sight. For tourists who seek to see something less typical, there is marine wildlife like crocodilefish and octopuses.
Marsa Alam is also known as the world-class kitesurfing destination and starting point for safaris. Marsa Alam also has some inland attractions, such as the Emerald Mines and the Temple of Seti I at Khanais."
Mersa Matruh,"Mersa Matruh (Arabic: مرسى مطروح, romanized: Marsā Maṭrūḥ, IPA: [ˈmæɾsæ mɑtˤˈɾuːħ]), also transliterated as Marsa Matruh, is a port in Egypt and the capital of Matrouh Governorate. It is located 240 km (150 mi) west of Alexandria and 222 km (138 mi) east of Sallum on the main highway from the Nile Delta to the Libyan border. The city is also accessible from the south via another highway running through the Western Desert towards Siwa Oasis and Bahariya Oasis.
In ancient Egypt and during the reign of Alexander the Great, the city was known as Amunia. In the Ptolemaic Kingdom and later during the Byzantine Empire, it was known as Paraitónion (Koinē Greek: Παραιτόνιον). During the Roman Empire, it was called Paraetonium in Latin, which became al-Bāritūn (Arabic: البارتون) after the mid-7th century Muslim conquest of Egypt. As a British military base during World War II, several battles were fought around its environs as the Italo-German Panzer Army Africa attempted to capture the port. It fell to the Axis during the Battle of Mersa Matruh, but was recaptured following the Second Battle of El Alamein.
Mersa Matruh is served by Mersa Matruh International Airport. The city features soft white sand beaches and calm transparent waters; the bay is protected from the high seas by a series of rocks forming a natural breakwater, with a small opening to allow access for light vessels."
Northern coast of Egypt,"The Northern Coast of Egypt (Arabic: الساحل الشمالي, ""El Sahel El Shamally"", North Coast, commonly shortened to الساحل ""El Sahel"", ""The Coast"" or ""The Egyptian Coast"") extends for about 1,050 km (650 mi) along the Mediterranean Sea, it covers entirely the northern territory of Egypt. It is one of the longest Mediterranean coastlines in North Africa.
The city of Alexandria lies at the center of Egypt's Mediterranean coastline in Lower Egypt (northern Egypt), as chosen by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE. The North Coast has been the hub of sea travel between the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile Delta for over 2,300 years. During summer, Egyptians usually travel to the North Coast to flee heat in other towns and cities in Egypt. They stay in villages and resorts located in Sidi Abdel Rahman, El Alamein, and Ras Al Hekma, amongst other areas.
like the med north coast"
Philae temple complex,"The Philae temple complex (; Greek: Φιλαί or Φιλή and Πιλάχ, Arabic: فيلة  Egyptian Arabic: [fiːlæ], Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic: ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕ, ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲕϩ, Late Coptic [ˈpilɑk, ˈpilɑkh]) is an island-based temple complex in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt. 
Until the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia, the temple complex was located on Philae Island, near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt. These rapids and the surrounding area have been variously flooded since the initial construction of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. The temple complex was dismantled and moved to nearby Agilkia Island as part of the UNESCO Nubia Campaign project, protecting this and other complexes before the 1970 completion of the Aswan High Dam. The hieroglyphic reliefs of the temple complex are being studied and published by the Philae Temple Text Project of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (Institute OREA).

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Rosetta,"Rosetta ( roh-ZET-ə) or Rashid (Arabic: رشيد, romanized: Rašīd, IPA: [ɾɑˈʃiːd]; Coptic: ϯⲣⲁϣⲓⲧ, romanized: ti-Rashit) is a port city of the Nile Delta, 65 km (40 mi) east of Alexandria, in Egypt's Beheira governorate. The Rosetta Stone was discovered there in 1799.
Founded around the 9th century on site of the ancient town Bolbitine, Rosetta boomed with the decline of Alexandria following the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, only to wane in importance after Alexandria's revival. During the 19th century, it was a popular British tourist destination, known for its Ottoman mansions, citrus groves and relative cleanliness."
Safaga,"Port Safaga, also known as Safaga (Arabic: سفاجا Safāja, IPA: [sæˈfæːɡæ]), is a town in Egypt, on the coast of the Red Sea, located 53 km (33 mi) south of Hurghada. This small port is also a tourist area that consists of several bungalows and rest houses, including the Safaga Hotel, with a capacity of 48 rooms (126 beds).
Having numerous phosphate mines, it is regarded as the phosphates export center. A paved road of 164 km (102 mi) connects Safaga to Qena of Upper Egypt."
Siwa Oasis,"The Siwa Oasis (Arabic: واحة سيوة Wāḥat Sīwah [ˈwæːħet ˈsiːwæ]) is an urban oasis in Egypt. It is situated between the Qattara Depression and the Great Sand Sea in the Western Desert, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the Egypt–Libya border and 560 kilometres (350 mi) from the Egyptian capital city of Cairo. It is famed from its role in ancient Egypt as the home to an oracle of Amun, the ruins of which are a popular tourist attraction, giving it the ancient name Oasis of Amun-Ra, after the major Egyptian deity."
2014 Taba bus bombing,"The 2014 Taba bus bombing was a terrorist attack on a tourist coach in Taba, Egypt on 16 February 2014. The bus had been parked, waiting to cross into Israel at the Taba Border Crossing, when a lone suicide bomber entered the open bus and detonated his explosives. Four people – three South Koreans and the Egyptian bus driver were killed, and 17 others injured.The attack was seen as marking a potential shift in the strategy of jihadist groups in the Sinai insurgency by broadening their campaign against Egyptian security forces to include tourists.

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"Taba, Egypt","Taba (Arabic: طَابَا Ṭābā, IPA: [ˈtˤɑːbɑ]) is an Egyptian town near the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba. Taba is the location of Egypt's busiest border crossing with neighboring Eilat, Israel . Taba was originally developed as a tourist destination by the Israelis with the first hotel opening there in the 1960s, and today it is a frequent vacation spot for Egyptians and other tourists, especially those from Israel on their way to other destinations in Egypt or as a weekend getaway. It is the northernmost resort of Egypt's Red Sea Riviera."
Terrorism and tourism in Egypt,"Terrorism and tourism in Egypt is when terrorist attacks are specifically aimed at Egypt's tourists. These attacks often end in fatalities and injuries and has an immediate and sometimes lasting effect on the industry. Attacks take many forms; blowing up an airplane carrying tourists, drive-by shootings of tourists, knife attacks on tourists and suicide bombings in a location where tourists are congregated. On the timeline of these events, the 1997 Luxor Massacre stands out - 62 tourists were ambushed and killed. 
Attacks are carried out by different extremists over the years, and have an immediate effect on tourism, an important part of Egypt's economy. So while there is a history of persecution and terrorism aimed at Egypt's Coptic Christians and terrorism is directed at Egypt's security and government officials, terrorism targeting tourists affects the citizens of other countries. Tourism agencies note that when an attack occurs against tourists, Egypt loses tourism dollars to other countries such as China, India or Morocco.In the first six months of 2018, tourism revenue had increased by 71% to $4.8 billion amid an upsurge of visitors. More than 5 million tourists visited, a jump of 41%, as compared to same time frame in 2017.After almost two years without an attack targeting tourists, a bomb targeting tourists was planted near a bus with Vietnamese tourists, killing four, on 28 of December, 2018.

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Tourism in El Salvador,"Tourism accounts for a large part of El Salvador's economy. El Salvador has many natural attractions including beaches with some of the best surfing breaks on the Pacific Coast. El Salvador offers many lush forests shrouded in cool temperatures with abundant wildlife and scenic mountain-top vistas. El Salvador also has great potential in the field of cultural tourism; with over 2,000 known archaeological sites, mostly of the Maya and Olmec cultures. These sites are of international interest for their easy access and well-preserved remains.
While tourism has become increasingly important to the Salvadoran economy it has experienced periods of boom and bust cycles that are largely attributed to the nation's safety or lack thereof. El Salvador has a high level of violent crime, this level has declined heavily in recent years leading to more foreign investment in tourist infrastructure.
One important feature of tourism in El Salvador is the relative small size of the nation.  Almost all tourist attractions are within forty miles from the capital.  That being said, a lack of good roads can make forty miles seem a lot longer."
"Parque Libertad (Santa Ana, El Salvador)","The Parque Libertad (In English: Liberty Park) is the main square of the Salvadoran city of Santa Ana. Situated in the center of the city, it is surrounded by historic buildings including: the National Theater, the City Hall, the Cathedral and by other important structures like the ""Casino Santaneco"" 
and the ""Centro de Artes de Occidente""."
Prodetur,"Prodetur is an ecotourism organization, directed and managed by Luis Diaz Martinez, and is headquartered in the village of Perquin in the Morazán Province of El Salvador. Prodetur directs tourist activities in Morazán which ensure the continuity of the Rio Sapo preservation initiative."
Tourism in Eritrea,"Tourism in Eritrea made up 2% of Eritrea's economy up to 1997. After 1998, revenues from tourism fell to one quarter of 1997 levels. In 2006 it made up less than 1% of the country's GDP.

The tourism have seen increased attention later years. For instance, in 2019 Eritrea was listed as in National Geographic travel cool list. Highlited areas was the capital of Asmara, know for its art deco architecture, the Dahlak Islands and the countries wilderness. The World Tourism Organization calculated that the country's international tourism receipts in 2002 were just US$73 million. Sources from 2015 states that main tourist are the Eritrean diaspora. There are also a few curious architects visiting the country. However, the Eritrean airline, Eritrean Airlines, has not been allowed to fly international flights due to security breaches as well as sanctions which has led international visitors to rely on airlines such as Ethiopian Airlines and Turkish Airlines to get to the country.The government has started a twenty-year plan to develop the country's tourist industry. However, the development of tourism is hampered by drought, political totalitarianism, and war."
Tourism in Estonia,"Tourism in Estonia refers to the overall state of the tourism industry in the Baltic nation of Estonia. It is a key part of the country's economy, contributing 7.8% to its GDP, and employing 4.3% of its population. In 2018, tourism and other related services counted for over 10.8 percent of Estonia's exports. Tourism is increasing rapidly in Estonia: the number of tourist arrivals—both domestic and international—has increased from 2.26 million in 2006 to 3.79 million in 2019. Estonia was also ranked the 15th-most safest country to visit in 2017, according to safedestinations.com, scoring 8.94 out of 10 on their list. In a 2018 report published by the OECD, they concluded that most international tourists come from places like Finland, Russia, Latvia, Germany, and Sweden.National tourism in Estonia is managed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications (Estonian: Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium), which works closely with the national tourist agency, the Estonian Tourist Board. In 2014, the Government of Estonia announced the National Tourist Development Plan, a project meant to invest 123 million euros into the Estonian travel industry, meant to last until 2020. After 2020, when the plan ended, the Ministry announced a new plan starting from 2021 and ending in 2024, entitled the ""Tourism Programme 2021–24"", with help from the Ministry of Education and Research.In the context of tourism in general, Estonia, along with other Baltic states, is considered a newly-freed Eastern Bloc nation with a rich history and untouched nature. Popular destinations in Estonia include the national capital of Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu, and Saaremaa, of which the Old Town in Tallinn is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. Additionally, Estonia is also a popular destination for foreign students: 5,528 students from external countries studied in Estonia, mostly from neighboring countries, but also occasionally from places like Azerbaijan, Nigeria, and India, comprising 12.2% of all students in Estonia."
Hiking trail of the Piusa River,"Hiking trail of the Piusa River is a hiking trail in southeastern Estonia. The trail managed by RMK (State Forest Management Centre) is 15 kilometres long track past Vastseliina Castle ruins along the primeval valley of the Piusa River up to Lindora village. The trail is marked by wooden signposts and information boards that introduce the sights. There are two campfire sites on the trail supplied with barbecue grills and with the possibility of camping. There are two picnic tables with shelters and a dry toilet. The hiking trail is situated on Piusa River Valley Landscape Protection Area and among the most interesting sights on the trail are castle ruins, sandstone outcrops Härma Mäemine wall or Keldri wall (highest sandstone outcrop in Estonia), Härma alumine wall or Keldri wall and several old mill places. There are altogether 12 sandstone outcrops on the hiking trail."
List of beaches in Estonia,"This is the list of beaches located in Estonia. The list is incomplete.

Aa
Anne Canal
Emajõe
Haabneeme
Harku
Joaoru
Kaberneeme
Kakumäe
Kärdla
Kauksi
Klooga
Kubija
Kuremaa
Kuressaare
Narva-Jõesuu
Paide Artificial Lake
Paralepa
Pärnu
Pelgurand = Stroomi Beach
Pikakari Beach
Pirita Beach (the largest sand beach in Tallinn)
Pühajärv
Riiska
Stroomi Beach = Pelgurand
Tallinn
Tamula
Toila
Türi
Valkla
Vanamõisa
Värska
Verevi
Viljandi
Võsu"
Pokuland,
Setomaa Tourist Farm,"Setomaa Tourist Farm is a tourist farm in Kalatsova village, Setomaa Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia.
The tourist farm is situated in Mäealodsõ farm. In 1999, the hundred-year-old farm was renovated, first as a summer home, later as a place offering accommodation. There are 32 places. The rooms in log cabins carry Seto names: Mari tarõ, Sootska tarõ, Kullo tarõ, Lapi tarõ etc. Tourist farm offers accommodation, organising of seminars, parties and company events. Visitors can swim in the farm, there are playgrounds, a smoke sauna and a party hall."
Tallinn Card,"The Tallinn Card is a time-limited ticket available to visitors to Tallinn, Estonia. It allows the holder free use of the public transport system, free entry to many museums and other places of interest, and discounts or free gifts from shops or restaurants. The card is issued by the Tallinn City Tourist Office & Convention Bureau."
Tourism in Eswatini,"Tourism in Eswatini is a successful industry. Most of the tourists who visit Eswatini arrive by road from South Africa. Eswatini's tourism industry developed during the apartheid era in South Africa and this shaped many of its distinctive attractions. Since the end of apartheid, Eswatini has emphasized its traditional culture as a tourist attraction."
Tourism in Ethiopia,"Tourism in Ethiopia accounted for 5.5% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2006, having barely increased 2% over the previous year. The government is proving its commitment and willingness to develop tourism through a number of initiatives. Tourism is a featured component of Ethiopia's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), which aims to combat poverty and encourage economic development.

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Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Ethiopia),"The Ethiopian Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Amharic: የባህልና ቱሪዝም ሚኒስቴር) is the ministry of the government of Ethiopia responsible for researching, preserving, developing, and promoting the culture and tourist attractions of Ethiopia and its peoples, both inside the country and internationally. In doing so the Ministry closely works together with different national and international stakeholders."
Tourism Fiji,"Tourism Fiji is a Fijian government marketing agency responsible for promoting Fiji as a tourism destination abroad. Formerly known as the Fiji Visitors Bureau, the agency was established under the Tourism Fiji Act 2004 and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce, Trade, Tourism and Transport.The agency's head office which is located in Nadi, also maintains a presence overseas to target markets mainly in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Asia and continental Europe."
Tourism in Finland,"Finland attracted over 6.8 million foreign tourists in 2018, with 53 percent coming from other European Union states. In 2017, the value added by tourism was about 4.6 billion euros, or 2.6% of the Finnish GDP, providing approximately 140,200 jobs."
Tourism in Åland,"Tourism in Åland revolves around the Åland Islands and various attractions in the capital of  Mariehamn. About 44% of tourists are from Finland. Tourism is promoted by Visit Åland, the official tourism organisation of the Åland Islands."
Eskelisen Lapinlinjat,"Eskelisen Lapinlinjat is a bus transport company operating in Finland. The company specialises in long-distance connections in Lapland.
Eskelisen Lapinlinjat is the most famous public bus transport company in Lappish tourism travel. Most of the lines operated by the company start all the way south from either Helsinki or Turku, and continue northwards to Oulu and Rovaniemi. From there, the lines continue northwest to Kilpisjärvi and Tromsø or north towards Utsjoki and Nordkapp. The company is the only public bus company in Finland to serve routes to Norwegian Lapland. Because a complete trip from Helsinki or Turku to Tromsø takes about 23 hours, the company can only afford a single trip per day."
Väski,"Väski is an island off the coast of  Naantali,  next to Kailo island which houses the theme park Muumimaailma in the Turku archipelago of southern Finland.
The island is a tourist spot and is organised as a location for adventure holidays.
The MTV3 mini film Aarresaaren sankarit was filmed there in 2003."
Tourism in France,"Tourism in France directly contributed 79.8 billion euros to gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013, 30% of which comes from international visitors and 70% from domestic tourism spending. The total contribution of travel and tourism represents 9.7% of GDP and supports 2.9 million jobs (10.9% of employment) in the country. Tourism contributes significantly to the balance of payments.
France has 45 sites inscribed in the UNESCO's World Heritage List and features cities or sites of high cultural interest (Paris being the foremost, but also Loire Valley, Toulouse, Strasbourg, Bordeaux, Lyon and others), beaches and seaside resorts, ski resorts, as well as rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquility (green tourism). Small and picturesque French villages of quality heritage (such as Collonges-la-Rouge, Locronan, or Montsoreau) are promoted through the association Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (literally ""The Most Beautiful Villages of France""). The ""Remarkable Gardens"" label is a list of the over two hundred gardens classified by the Ministry of Culture. This label is intended to protect and promote remarkable gardens and parks.

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Atout France,"Atout France, the France Tourism Development Agency (formerly Maison de la France, the French National Tourist Office), is the French organisation responsible for promoting France as a tourism destination.

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Ballon Generali,"The Ballon Generali is a tethered helium balloon, used as tourist attraction and as an air quality awareness tool. Installed in Paris since  1999 in the Parc André-Citroën,  it was created and developed by the French company Aerophile SAS for the celebration of the year 2000.  The balloon has lofted more than 500,000 passengers into the sky since its opening."
Bamboula's Village,"Bamboula's Village (French: Village de Bamboula) was an attempt to recreate an Ivory Coast village within the Planète Sauvage zoo (then known as Safari Africain) in Port-Saint-Père, near Nantes, in France. It is considered the last human zoo in France.In 1994, the biscuit brand Biscuiterie Saint-Michel teamed up with the safari park to create the village, naming it ""Bamboula's Village"" after its ""Bamboula"" chocolate biscuits, which had a black mascot with the same name (a racial slur, dating from colonial times). The village was constructed in the winter of 1993."
Concours des villes et villages fleuris,"The Concours des villes et villages fleuris (English: 'Competition of cities and villages in Bloom') is an annual French contest. It aims to encourage communes to adopt and implement policies improving the quality of life of their inhabitants and enhancing their attractiveness to visitors through the provision and maintenance of green spaces and the enhancement of their natural environments. Successful communes are awarded the right to display a badge (between one to four flowers) on road signs and in other local promotional material.
The competition was created in 1959 by the French state and it is administered by a distinct national committee since 1972. This committee is still linked to the Ministry of Tourism. All the French communes can take part and there are no application fees. There is not any limitation to the number of awarded communes, so they are not in competition between each other.
The label comprises four awards: one, two, three or four flowers, according to the efforts of the municipality. Each award is given according to strict criteria. The Fleur d'Or (Golden Flower) is a special prize awarded to a small number of applicants. Labelled communes display their flowers on road signs at their entrances. There are 4,931 awarded cities, towns and villages (2018). 257 of them have four flowers.

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Eifel-Ardennes Green Route,"The Eifel-Ardennes Green Route or Eifel-Ardennes Green Road (German: Grüne Straße Eifel-Ardennen, French: Route Verte Ardennes-Eifel) is a cross-border, tourist route, about 500 kilometres long, which links the Ardennes to the Eifel. It runs from France via Belgium and Luxembourg to Germany mainly on quiet by-ways."
French Federation of Mountaineering and Climbing,"The French Federation of Mountaineering and Climbing (French: Fédération Française de la Montagne et de l’Escalade, FFME), located in Paris, is the French federation of mountain and climbing sports, especially of non-motorized alpine sports like mountaineering, canyoning, climbing, mountain touring and hiking, snowshoe hiking and ski mountaineering. The FFME is member of the French National Olympic and Sports Committee. 
The foundation of the FFME in 1987 was the result of the fusion of the French Federation of Mountaineering (French: Fédération Française de la Montagne, FFM), founded in 1942 by the high commissariat of sports (French: Haut Commissariat aux Sports) in addition to the existing Club Alpin Français (CAF), and the climbing association French Federation of Climbing (French: Fédération Française d’Escalade, FFE), which was founded in 1985. A further fusion of the FFME and the CAF in the beginning 2000s failed.
In 2002, the FFME supported the first ISMC UIAA World Championship of Ski Mountaineering in France."
French Towns and Lands of Art and History,"Since 1985, the French Ministry of Culture and Communication has pursued a policy of preserving and promoting France's heritage. Historic towns and districts have been designated Villes et Pays d'Art et d'Histoire (""Towns and Lands of Art and History""). 
The Ministry provides financial and technical support to regions and groups for architectural and heritage undertakings. The Ministry imposes an obligation on beneficiaries to receive workers it has deemed qualified to participate in projects. The national council of towns and districts of art and history (Le conseil national des Villes et Pays d'Art et d'Histoire), set up in 1995, participates in the development and general policy of the network. It advises on the eligibility of towns and districts for the Lands of Art and History designation, and effects withdrawal of support from landmarks where standards slip.
Policies of the network are put into effect by the regional directorates of arts and culture (Direction régionale des affaires culturelles: DRAC). The directorates seek to ensure that projects are relevant and blend into the culture of the region. They also serve as intermediaries between localities and the national organization.
In 2005, about 130 towns and districts were part of this network."
Gîtes de France,"Fédération Nationale des Gîtes de France is an organization that lists and rates the quality campgrounds, bed and breakfasts and self catering gites.

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Guides Joanne,"Guides Joanne (est. 1841) was a series of French-language travel guide books to Europe founded by Adolphe Joanne and published in Paris. Routes followed the railways at first, and later volumes guided readers by province.

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Guides Pol,"Guides Pol or Pol's Guides (est.1896) was a series of travel guide books to France and Switzerland. Gustave Toursier oversaw the enterprise.

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Les Plus Beaux Villages de France,"Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (meaning ""the most beautiful villages of France"") is an independent association created in 1982 for the promotion of the tourist appeal of small rural villages with a rich cultural heritage. As of September 2016, it numbers 156 member villages (independent communes or part of a communauté de communes). It is affiliated to the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World.
Membership requires meeting certain selection criteria and offers a strategy for development and promotion to tourists. The three initial selection criteria are the rural nature of the village (a population of less than 2,000 inhabitants), the presence of at least two national heritage sites (sites classés or monuments historiques) and local support in the form of a vote by the council. Each village must pay an annual fee to the association and the mayor must sign the association's Quality Charter. If the village fails to meet the requirements of the charter it may be excluded.The association claims membership can bring a rise of between 10 and 50% in visitor numbers.The southern departments of the Dordogne and Aveyron have the most number of member villages, with ten in each. They are followed by Vaucluse, with seven, and Lot, with six.
Following the success of the French certification, similar associations have been formed in Wallonia (Les Plus Beaux Villages de Wallonie), Quebec (Les Plus Beaux Villages du Québec), Italy (I Borghi più belli d’Italia), Japan (日本で最も美しい村」連合 Nihon de mottomo utsukushii mura rengō), Spain (Los pueblos más bonitos de España), Russia (Самые красивые деревни России), and Switzerland and Liechtenstein (Les plus beaux villages de Suisse).

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Tourism in Réunion,"Tourism is an important part of the economy of Réunion, an island and French overseas departement in the Indian Ocean. Despite its many tourism assets, the island's tourist attractions are not well known."
Seven Wonders of Dauphiné,"The Seven Wonders of Dauphiné are seven natural and man-made sites and monuments located in the Dauphiné former province of south-eastern France, and especially within the Dauphiné Alps, each with some attached legendary or mythical significance.
These comprise Mont Aiguille, the Fontaine Ardente, the Grottes de Sassenage, Tour sans venin, Pont de Claix, Grottes de la Balme, and Pierre Percée sites."
Siblu,"Siblu (formerly Haven Europe) owns and operates 23 large family holiday parks in France and the Netherlands. Siblu's holiday parks are located across Normandy, the Brittany coastline, the west of France, the Loire Valley, the Mediterranean coast, Zeeland and the Wadden Sea. The parks have Dutch, French and English speaking staff and the facilities are aimed at families with a mix of accommodation such as mobile homes and chalets.The sites are mainly classified 4 stars.Siblu has two distinct activities: the rental of short or long stays in mobil-homes; The sale of mobile homes on its villages via an integrated turnkey offer, with the possibility of including rental management."
Touring club de France,"The Touring club de France (1890-1983) was a French social club devoted to travel, founded by enthusiasts of the velocipede. Its headquarters sat on the Avenue de la Grande Armée in Paris."
Tourism in Saône-et-Loire,"Saône-et-Loire is one of the four departments of Burgundy. Tourism in this region is founded on its varied landscape (the Saône plain, the Mâconnais, and the Charolais), its gastronomy with the prestigious mâconnais  wines, the charolais beef, the poulet de Bresse (Bresse chicken), and its rich architectural sites, (Autun, Cluny, Paray-le-Monial, and Tournus)"
Tourism in Tarn,The Tarn department is situated in the southwest of France.
Velo Vercors,"Velo Vercors is a French cycling holiday company that offers self-catered routes, B&Bs, bike hires, and guided or independent routes. Based in the town of Saint-Jean-en-Royans in the south of France, it is within the Vercors Regional Natural Park."
Vosges Club,"The Vosges Club (French: Club Vosgien, officially the Fédération du Club Vosgien, German: Vogesenclub) is a French rambling organization that covers the Vosges Mountains in the regions of Alsace, eastern Lorraine and the northeastern part of Franche-Comté."
Tourism in Gabon,"Tourism in Gabon is underdeveloped. Despite this, attractions include beaches, ocean and inland fishing facilities, the falls on the Ogooué River, and the Crystal Mountains. Tourists also come to see the famous  hospital founded by Dr. Albert Schweitzer in Lambaréné. Hunting is legal in specific areas from December to September."
Point Denis,"Point Denis is the best known seaside resort in Gabon.  It lies on a peninsula between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gabon Estuary, across which boats sail to Libreville.  It also lies near the Pongara National Park."
Tourism in the Gambia,"The tourism industry today in the Gambia started when a party of 300 Swedish tourists arrived in 1965. That pioneering trip was organised by a Swede named Bertil Harding together with the tour operators Vingresor. It was seen as an ideal place to escape the harsh winter months of Scandinavia where Europeans would enjoy not only sun, sand and beaches but also experience the excitement of a real African holiday. It also offered a new opening for an affordable holiday to increasing numbers of traveling Europeans.
The number of visitors increased from 300 tourists in 1965 to 25,000 visitors in 1976. The number of tourists has continued to rise sharply throughout the years, and as the government is eager to diversify the economy, it recognised tourism as a potential major foreign exchange source of revenue. However, despite increasing popularity as a tourist destination, infrastructure development has been slow."
Minister of Tourism and Culture (The Gambia),"Appointed by the President of Gambia, The Minister of Tourism and Culture is a cabinet position in the Gambia that oversees the Ministry of Tourism and Culture.
Specifically responsible for the Gambia Tourism Authority, the National Council for Arts and Culture, Arch 22, and the Gambia Hotel School. The Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MOTC) oversees the tourism sector and it's associated government policies.
In Banjul and other regional institutions, the Minister is assisted by a team of civil servants.  The chief adviser is the Permanent Secretary, who is also an accounting officer. There is also a Deputy Permanent Secretary who acts as the chief of staff of the ministry."
Tourism in Georgia (country),"Tourism in Georgia is an increasingly important component of the country's economy. In 2015 it employed around 158,500 people, producing 6.7% of Georgia's GDP and providing US$1.94 billion of revenue. In 2019, the number of international arrivals reached a record high of 9.3 million people with foreign exchange income in the year's first three quarters amounting to over US$3 billion. The country plans to host 11 million visitors by 2025 with annual revenues reaching US$6.6 billion.The expenditures of foreign visitors to Georgia have a significant effect on the balance of payments, and approximately 35.9% of Georgia’s goods and service export revenue comes from tourism. International tourists stay an average of 6.5 days.The official body tasked with promoting tourism to Georgia is the Georgian National Tourism Administration (GNTA). In 2016, the GNTA participated in 21 international and domestic tourism fairs, conducted marketing campaigns on 16 target markets, and hosted 99 press and familiarization trips."
Ananuri Bridge,"Ananuri Bridge (Georgian: ანანურის ხიდი, ananuris khidi) is a bridge over the Aragvi River in 45 miles west of Tbilisi, capital of Georgia. The bridge links the Georgian Military Road which goes through the scenic historical Ananuri Castle Complex consisting of two castles joined by a crenellated curtain wall. It is visible from the Ananuri Castle.

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Baratashvili Bridge,"Baratashvili Bridge (Georgian: ბარათაშვილის ხიდი, baratashvilis khidi) is a traffic and pedestrian bridge over the Kura River in Tbilisi, capital of Georgia. It was built in 1966 in place of the previously dismantled Mukhrani Bridge honoring Princess Mukhrani."
Department of Tourism and Resorts of Ajara Autonomous Republic,"The Department of Tourism and Resorts of Adjara A. R. (Georgian: აჭარის ა. რ. ტურიზმისა და კურორტების დეპარტამენტი, DTRA) is a sub departmental establishment of government of Adjara Autonomous Republic that is mainly involved in a state management of tourism and resorts in the region.
The department carries out a state policy in reserving and developing tourism and resorts. It also popularizes touristic potential of the region on an international level and favors implementation of various innovations in tourism sphere."
List of seaside resorts in Germany,"The following is a list of state-accredited seaside resorts in Germany. They are first sorted by seas (Baltic and North Sea), then by German states (Länder), then by districts (Landkreise). After every resort's name, the officially designated status is mentioned in German language (e.g. ""Ostseeheilbad"").
For a complete list of inland and coastal spas, see List of spa towns in Germany."
Tourism in Germany,"Germany is the eighth-most-visited country in the world, with a total of 407.26 million overnights during 2012. This number includes 68.83 million nights by foreign visitors, the majority of foreign tourists in 2009 coming from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland (see table). Additionally, more than 30% of Germans spend their holiday in their own country. According to Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports, Germany is ranked 3 out of 136 countries in the 2017 report, and is rated as one of the safest travel destinations worldwide.
In 2012, over 30.4 million international tourists arrived in Germany, bringing over US$38 billion in international tourism receipts to the country. Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over EUR43.2 billion to the German GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry contributes 4.5% of German GDP and supports 2 million jobs (4.8% of total employment). The ITB Berlin is the world's leading tourism trade fair.According to surveys, the top three reasons for tourists to come to Germany, are the German culture, outdoor activities, the countryside and rural areas, and the German cities."
Barbarossa city,"""Barbarossa city"" (German: Barbarossastadt) is a nickname for German cities that the Staufer Emperor Frederick Barbarossa stayed in or near for some time. The cities usually mentioned include Sinzig, Kaiserslautern, Gelnhausen, Altenburg, Bad Frankenhausen, but Annweiler am Trifels, Bad Wimpfen, Eberbach and Waiblingen consider themselves as such as well."
Bierbach an der Blies,"Bierbach an der Blies is a part (Stadtteil) of Blieskastel, Saarland, Germany. It is part of the Bliesgau and was founded on the right river bank of the Blies. As a consequence of the territorial and administrative reform of 1974 in Saarland, Bierbach ceased to be an independent municipality and became a part of the town of Blieskastel and incorporated within the district Saarpfalz-Kreis of which Homburg is the administrative seat.

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Cross-border Mining Trail,"The Cross-border Mining Education Trail (German: Grenzüberschreitender Bergbaulehrpfad, Czech: Příhraniční naučná hornická stezka) from Krupka (German: Graupen) to Geising, Altenberg, Zinnwald and Cínovec (German: Böhmisch Zinnwald) to Dubí (German: Eichwald) is a 40 km long mining history educational trail in the upper Eastern Ore Mountains in Germany and the Czech Republic. It links seventy sites (including museums, monuments, visitor mines, mining ponds and ditches, reclamations and tourist attractions) connected with the history of mining and settlement in this cross-border region of the Ore Mountains. The educational trail describes the development of what was once the most important tin mining regions in Central Europe. In order to hike the trail, a walking map is recommended that contains detailed maps and short descriptions of the waypoints en route and the opening times of the museums."
Tourism in East Germany,Tourism in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was organised through the state via Reisebüro der DDR (Travel Bureau of the GDR).
Einöd,"The municipal district of Einöd (German: [ˈaɪnœt]; Palatine German: Ehnet [ˈɛːnɘt]) is a quarter (Stadtteil) of the city of Homburg and with it part of Saarpfalz-Kreis in Saarland. It includes three municipal fractions: Einöd, Ingweiler and Schwarzenacker. In 2021, Einöd had 3,392 inhabitants."
Elbe Cycle Route,"The Elbe Cycle Route (Elberadweg in German) is part of an international network of cycling routes all over Europe. It is integrated in the system of currently 37 river cycling routes in Germany and by far the most popular route for cyclists in this country. 
The Elbe Cycle Route starts in Špindlerův Mlýn in the Krkonoše mountains. It then runs for about 1220 km until it ends in Cuxhaven at the North Sea. Part of it falls together with the EV7 of the EuroVelo network. One variety of the route starts in Prague, following the river Vltava to the Elbe.
After a fairly adventurous part of the Route on the Czech side of the river one reaches the famous Elbe Sandstone Mountains in Bohemian Switzerland and Saxon Switzerland and crosses the border to Germany. Shortly after this the Route leads through, Dresden and later through other cities like Meißen, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Dessau, Magdeburg, Tangermünde, Lauenburg, Hamburg, Cuxhaven.
There are many small villages with old churches and other interesting sites along the way. A lot of restaurants and pensions offer their service to the weary after a day of cycling.
One of the other reasons however for its popularity is probably the fact that there are no significant level changes from Dresden on. It is practically downhill all the way from Dresden to Cuxhaven while the other direction mostly offers slight tailwinds.
The Elbe Cycling Route is marked throughout Germany with a special sign."
EV7 The Sun Route,"EuroVelo 7 (EV7), named the Sun Route, is a 7,409 km (4,604 mi) long EuroVelo long-distance cycling route running north–south through the whole of Europe from the North Cape in Norway to the island of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. The route passes through nine countries, and from north to south these are: Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Italy, Malta."
German National Tourist Board,"The German National Tourist Board (abbreviation: GNTB, German: Deutsche Zentrale für Tourismus e.V., DZT) is a national marketing organisation which has worked with the Federal Government of Germany to promote tourism in and to Germany. It represents Germany throughout the world as a destination for holidays, business travel and visits to friends and family.
The GNTB is an eingetragener Verein which was founded in 1948. The head office is situated in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The marketing organisation is mainly financed by the German National Ministry of Economy & Technology.
Since 1999, the German National Tourist Board has also been responsible for the marketing of domestic tourism from one region to another. Its strategic goal is the responsible marketing of inter-regional Vacation Themes in Germany.
The GNTB works in close cooperation and economic partnership with all levels of the tourism industry in Germany.

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German tourism industry,"Germany has the largest outbound tourist trade in the world, with Germans spending about €80 billion annually to travel abroad (the United States is second), in spite of Germany being fourth in world in GDP and fourteenth in population. Germany also has the eighth largest inbound tourist trade, with receipts of around €24 billion."
Historical Archive on Tourism,"The Historical Archive on Tourism (HAT, German: Historisches Archiv zum Tourismus) is sited in the city of Berlin at the Technische Universität Berlin where it is housed at the Center for Metropolitan Studies (CMS) and the Zentrum Technik und Gesellschaft (ZTG). The HAT had been founded in 1986/87 at the Freie Universität Berlin; in 2011 international protests helped to avert a planned shut-down of the archive and the following year it moved from the Free to the Technical University. Since 1999 the HAT is headed by the historian Hasso Spode and co-financed by the Willy-Scharnow-Foundation.
Step-by-step the collection was enlarged with material about historical travel and tourism research. Today the length of the shelves amounts to some 600 running meters. The focus of the material is not so much on ""travel"" generally but on ""tourism"" as a special sort of travelling. The HAT is gathering various materials ranging from Baedekers to private photo albums. In particular, there is an extensive collection of flyers and other so-called ephemera. Mainly, the material stems from Central Europe, but specifically from Germany. However, other parts of the world are also represented, e.g. Southern Africa or USA.
Over 50,000 leaflets are stored, and more than 250 journals and some 12,000 books are registered. In addition statistics, posters and maps are gathered. The bulk of the material is from the 19th and 20th century, some books date back to around 1600. No OPAC is installed but lists of titles are published in the Internet."
ITB Berlin,"The ITB Berlin (Internationale Tourismus-Börse Berlin) is the world's largest tourism trade fair. The companies represented at the fair include hotels, tourist boards, tour operators, system providers, airlines and car rental companies.
The ITB Berlin takes place annually in March at the Messe Berlin. The fair always has an official partner country, in 2018 (March 7–11) represented by the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. In 2020 the ITB Berlin did not take place. Due to the rapid spread of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) the Federal Ministry of Health and the Federal Ministry of Economics have stated their opinion that ITB Berlin be cancelled. ITB Berlin 2021 and 2022 both took place entirely as virtual events. The next physical ITB Berlin 2023 will be taking place from Wednesday, 8 March to Sunday, 12 March 2023.ITB Berlin (or just ITB) has been running since 1966 and now has managed to establish satellite events in China, India and Singapore.The thematically ordered market segments help visitors and exhibitors to quickly find their way through the wide product range of ITB Berlin: Book World, Business Travel Days, Cruises, Cultural Tourism, Economy Accommodation, eTravel World, Adventure & Responsible Tourism, Gay & Lesbian Travel, ITB Mobile Travel Services, Training and Employment (Career Center), Travel Technology, Trends & Events, Wellness, Youth Travel.
In 2012, about 7,000 journalists attended the ITB Berlin, of whom about 1,500 came from abroad. In addition to the industry's leading trade magazines, business and travel journalists from 94 countries also report on the latest travel trends and products. 11,000 exhibitors from 180 countries welcomed 170,000 visitors, among these, 113,000 were trade visitors."
List of hotels in Germany,This is a list of notable hotels in Germany.
Luftkurort,"Luftkurort, literally meaning 'air spa', is a title given to towns or cities in Austria, Switzerland, and Germany which are health resorts which have a climate and air quality which is considered beneficial to health and recovery.    Tests are repeated on a regular basis to ensure that standards of air quality are maintained. A municipality with this classification can charge a health resort tax for all guests who spend the night there.

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Region of the 10 Thousanders,"The Region of the 10 Thousanders (German: Region der 10 Tausender) is a region in the Swabian Jura in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, the name of which alludes to the high mountain peaks in the area.
Almost all the highest mountains of the Swabian Jura (each over 1,000 m above sea level (NHN)), including their highest summit (1,015.3 m), are located in this relatively small region which only covers 20 km² around Deilingen, Wehingen and Gosheim in the southwestern Jura.
The name ""Region of the 10 Thousanders"" goes back to an action group that was initiated by various restaurants and municipalities of the Heuberg to promote regional tourism.
The 10 ""thousanders"" are – sorted by height in metres (m) above sea level (NHN):
Lemberg (1,015.3 m), near Gosheim, höchster Berg der Schwäbischen Alb (48°9′2.8″N 8°44′57.4″E)
Oberhohenberg (1,010.7 m), near Schörzingen (48°9′50.6″N 8°45′38.3″E)
Hochberg (1,008.5 m), near Delkhofen (48°9′24.3″N 8°45′22.6″E)
Wandbühl (1,006.7 m), near Delkhofen (48°10′45.6″N 8°48′32.1″E)
Rainen (1,006.1 m), near Deilingen (48°10′45.4″N 8°48′32.6″E)
Montschenloch (1,004.4 m), near Delkhofen (48°10′8.9″N 8°47′37.5″E)
Bol (1,002.3 m), near Deilingen (48°10′15.9″N 8°48′18.3″E)
Hochwald (1,001.9 m), near Gosheim (48°7′59.8″N 8°46′32.4″E)
Hummelsberg (1,001.6 m), near Denkingen (48°7′4″N 8°45′49.3″E)
Kehlen (1,001.3 m), near Gosheim (48°7′42.5″N 8°46′29.2″E)The following form fairly unified high mountain chains which makes them difficult to identify for those not acquainted with the area:

Lemberg, Hochberg, Oberhohenberg
Hochwald, Kehlen, Hummelsberg
Wandbühl, Montschenloch, Bol, RainenThe two other Jura peaks that are over 1,000 m, the 1,001.6 m high and very striking Plettenberg (48°12′49″N 8°48′27″E) near Dotternhausen and the 999.8 m high Schafberg (48°13′12″N 8°50′18″E) near Hausen am Tann lies roughly 8 km north-northeast and are not counted within the 10 Thousanders.

			
			
		
		
			
			
		
		
			
			
		
		
			
			
		
		
			
			
		
		
			
			
		
		
			
			
		

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Reisebank,"ReiseBank AG is a bank specializing in foreign currency dealing, precious metals and travel payment business (including traveler's checks), which is headquartered in Frankfurt am Main. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of DZ Bank and part of the cooperative financial group.

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Tourism in Schleswig-Holstein,"Tourism is an important economic factor for Germany's northernmost state of Schleswig-Holstein.
Thanks to its coasts on the North Sea in the west and Baltic Sea in the east, Schleswig-Holstein has a great variety of beaches and water sports facilities. Due to its geographical location on the way to Scandinavia it is also a transit area for tourists from all over Europe."
Warnemünde,"Warnemünde (German pronunciation: [vaʁnəˈmʏndə] (listen), literally Mouth of the Warnow) is a seaside resort and a district of the city of Rostock in Mecklenburg, Germany. It is located on the Baltic Sea and, as the name implies, at the estuary of the river Warnow. Warnemünde is one of the world's busiest cruise ports.

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Tourism in East Germany,Tourism in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was organised through the state via Reisebüro der DDR (Travel Bureau of the GDR).
Reisebüro der DDR,"The Reisebüro der DDR (""Travel Bureau of the GDR"") was the state travel organization of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The Reisebüro had several travel-related functions, including:

Arranging domestic travel for GDR citizens. The Reisebüro (Travel Agency), among other things, controlled hotels located throughout the GDR.
Arranging travel for GDR citizens in other socialist countries, i.e., the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Cuba.
Arranging travel for foreigners visiting the GDR.  These services included booking hotel rooms and providing confirmation documents used to justify the issuance of a GDR visa upon arrival in the GDR.  The Reisebüro had agreements with travel agencies in other countries; travelers would book trips with a participating travel agency in their home country, which would then coordinate with the Reisebüro to reserve hotel rooms, etc."
Tourism in Ghana,Tourism in Ghana is regulated by the Ministry of Tourism of Ghana. This ministry is responsible for the development and promotion of tourism related activities in Ghana.
Afrochic Diaspora Festival,"Afrochic Diaspora Festival is an annual multi-disciplinary arts festival created in 2010 by Amoye Henry, Natassia Parson-Morris, Natasha Morris, and Nijha Frederick-Allen to highlight the culture and artistic expression of the African-Canadian community within and around Toronto. The annual music festival highlights the young and emerging talent from Canadians of African descent through visual arts, fashion, and music.

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Ghana Tourism Authority,"The Ghana Tourism Authority is a Ghanaian state agency under the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts responsible for the regulation of tourism in Ghana by marketing, promoting, licensing, classifying, researching and developing tourism facilities and services in the country."
Larabanga Mystic Stone,The Larabanga Mystic Stone is located on the outskirts of Larabanga in the West Gonja District of the Savannah region in Ghana.
Nzulezo,"Nzulezo is a village located near the village of Beyin, 90 kilometers west of Takoradi, in the Jomoro District jomoro the Western Region of Ghana. Over 500 people live in the community.Nzulezu overlooks Lake Tadane, and is entirely made up of stilts and platforms. In 2000, it was nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is a major tourist attraction area. The site is increasingly a source of tourism, with tourist coming to experience the village as well as a local alcohol produced in the village."
Pikworo Slave camp,"The Pikworo Slave camp was founded in 1704 and was active until 1845. It is located in Paga nania, about 3 kilometers west of Paga in the Upper East Region of Ghana. It was originally developed as a slave transit center where slaves were auctioned and later resold in the Salaga Slave market after walking about 150 km to the south. They are later moved to the coast for shipment."
Tafi Atome Monkey Sanctuary,Tafi Atome Monkey Sanctuary is a traditional sacred grove conservation established in 1993 under the direction of a Peace Corps Volunteer as a community-based ecotourism project. Tafi Atome is the home of Mona and Patas monkeys.
"Year of Return, Ghana 2019","The Year of Return, Ghana 2019 is an initiative of the government of Ghana – along with the U.S.-based Adinkra Group – that is intended to encourage African diasporans to come to Africa (specifically Ghana) to settle and invest in the continent. It was formally launched by President Nana Akufo-Addo in September 2018 in Washington, D.C. as a program for Africans in the diaspora to unite with Africans. The year 2019 is symbolic as it commemorates 400 years since the first enslaved Africans touched down in Hampton, in the English colony of Virginia in America. The program also recognizes the diaspora's achievements and sacrifices in the time since that event. Starting from when President Barack Obama made a visit to the Cape Coast in 2009, many famous, respected and admired African-Americans from the diaspora have visited Ghana to discover its culture. The Ghana Tourism Authority and the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture lined up a slate of activities in ""celebration of the resilience of the African spirit."" Many African Americans shared their stories regarding their experiences in Ghana during the Year of Return."
Tourism in Greece,"Tourism in Greece has been a key element of the economic activity in the country, and is one of the country's most important sectors. Greece has been a major tourist destination and attraction in Europe since the 1970s for its rich culture and history, which is reflected in large part by its 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, among the most in Europe and the world as well as for its long coastline, many islands, and beaches.
Greece attracted as many as 31.3 million visitors in 2019, up from 24 million in 2015,
making Greece one of the most visited countries in Europe and the world, and contributing to approximately 25% to the nation's Gross Domestic Product.Greece is one of Europe's most popular LGBT tourist destinations. The religious tourism and pilgrimages, the ecotourism, the conference tourism, and the medical tourism are prominent, and initiatives are being made to promote the seasonal tourism as well. Some of the country's major tourist destinations include the capital city Athens, the islands of Santorini, Mykonos, Rhodes, Corfu and Crete, as well as the peninsula of Chalkidice."
Aeschylia Festival,"Aeschylia Festival is the annual artistic festival of the city of Elefsina in West Attica, Greece."
Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises,"The Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises (Greek: Σύνδεσμος Ελληνικών Τουριστικών Επιχειρήσεων), commonly abbreviated to SETE (ΣΕΤΕ), is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded in 1991. It is the representative Association for unions of tourism enterprises in Greece, as well as independent companies operating across the broader tourism sector.

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Forest villages (Greece),"Forest villages (Greek: δασικά χωριά, sing. δασικό χωριό) are artificially created villages in remote mountainous regions of Greece established by law in 1995 (FEK 170/Β/14-3-1995) for tourism purposes. According to the law, they comprise a ""grouping of simple living arrangements in remote forest regions, intended for visitors of mountains and forests who want to be able to stay in relative comfort near the wilderness""."
Greek National Tourism Organization,"The Greek National Tourism Organisation (Greek: Εθνικός Οργανισμός Τουρισμού, Ethnikos Organismos Tourismou), often abbreviated as GNTO (Greek: EOT) is the governmental Board for the promotion of tourism in Greece. It functions under the supervision of the Ministry of Tourism."
Kensington-on-Sea,"Kensington-on-Sea is how some Media and News Papers in the UK named a part of Corfu Island Located in the North and North East of the Island. Greek island of Corfu.
The area was named after Kensington, West London, for the wealthy tourists who spend their holidays there."
Ministry of Tourism (Greece),"The Ministry of Tourism (Greek: Υπουργείo Τουρισμού) is the government department in charge of tourism in Greece. Established in 1989 and known between 2004 and 2009 as the Ministry of Touristic Development (Υπουργείο Τουριστικής Ανάπτυξης), it was merged with the Ministry of Culture in October 2009 but re-established as a separate department in June 2012. It was subsequently subsumed under the Ministry of the Economy, Infrastructure, Shipping and Tourism between January and September 2015 and the restructured Ministry of the Economy, Development and Tourism in September 2015, before being restored as a distinct ministry on 5 November 2016. The incumbent minister is Vasilis Kikilias of New Democracy."
Tourism in Grenada,
Sandals Resorts,"Sandals Resorts is a Jamaican operator of all-inclusive resorts for couples in the Caribbean. It is a part of Sandals Resorts International (SRI), the parent company of Sandals Resorts, Beaches Resorts, Fowl Cay Resort, and several private villas. Founded by Jamaican-born entrepreneur Gordon ""Butch"" Stewart in 1981, SRI is based in Montego Bay, Jamaica and is responsible for resort development, service standards, training, and day-to-day operations. Sandals Resorts International has properties throughout the Caribbean islands of Jamaica, Barbados, Bahamas, Saint Lucia, Antigua, Turks & Caicos, Grenada, Curacao, and St. Vincent with sixteen Sandals Resorts, three Beaches Resorts, one Fowl Cay private island resort, and four villa properties in Jamaica."
Tourism in Guatemala,"Tourism became one of the main drivers of Guatemala's economy, an industry that reported more than $1.8 billion in 2008. Guatemala receives about two million tourists annually.
In recent years, it has led to the visit of many cruise ships that touch important seaports in Guatemala, leading to more tourists visiting the country.
In its territory, there are Mayan archaeological sites (Tikal in the Petén, Quiriguá in Izabal, Iximche in Tecpan Chimaltenango, and in the City of Guatemala). Destinations visited for their natural environment include Lake Atitlán and Semuc Champey. Historical tourism destinations include the colonial city of Antigua Guatemala, which is recognized by UNESCO Cultural Heritage.

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Tourism in Guyana,"Tourism in Guyana is a fledgling industry compared to other countries in the Caribbean. Tourism is mainly focused on ecotourism, and accommodations for business travelers. Guyana is home to Kaieteur Falls  and St. George's Cathedral.
In 2020,18 businesses and 12 tour guides were licensed with the Guyana Tourism Authority (GTA)."
Tourism in Haiti,"Tourism in Haiti is an industry that has generated just under a million arrivals in 2012, and is one of the main sources of revenue for the nation. With its favorable climate, second longest coastline of beaches and most mountainous ranges in the Caribbean, waterfalls, caves, colonial architecture and distinct cultural history, Haiti has had its history as an attractive destination for tourists. However, unstable governments have long contested its history and the country's economic development throughout the 20th century."
Tourism in Honduras,"Honduras is a touristic destination that attracts visitors due to its natural environment, white and dark sand beaches, coral reefs, abundant flora and fauna, colonial era towns, and archaeological sites. Other attractions include the area's customs and traditional foods. In 2019 Honduras received 2.8 million foreigners, half of those tourists are cruise passengers."
Honduras Tips,"Honduras Tips is a free English- and Spanish-language magazine that the Honduras Tourism Board named the official travel guide of Honduras. The guide is organized by city and destination, and includes practical advice and a directory of hotels, restaurants, bars, nightclubs and other entertainment venues."
La Ruta Moskitia Ecotourism Alliance,"The La Ruta Moskitia Ecotourism Alliance is a collection of six ecotourism enterprises which are owned and operated by local indigenous communities. The Alliance provides ecotourism products and services within the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve in Honduras. The goal of the Alliance is to direct the financial benefits of sustainable tourism initiatives to local communities. Sustainable tourism practices can help prevent locals from overhunting, overfishing, and overusing the land in the bio reserve. The La Ruta Moskitia Ecotourism Alliance started with the support of Rare, the conservation and wildlife protection organization, as well as the United Nations.While La Ruta Moskitia seems to have stopped functioning in 2012-2014, in late 2014, the community requested a grant from the United Nations to restart its activities."
Tourism in Hungary,"There is a long history of tourism in Hungary, and Hungary was the world's thirteenth most visited tourist destination country in 2002. Tourism increased by nearly 7 percent between 2004 and 2005. European visitors comprise more than 98 per cent of Hungary's tourists. Austria, Germany, and Slovakia make the largest numbers of visitors to the country. Most tourists arrive by car and stay for a short period of time. Hungary's tourist season is from April through October. July and August are the best tourist months. Budapest is the country's most popular tourist destination."
Budapest,"Budapest (UK: , US: ; Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɒpɛʃt] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population of 1,752,286 over a land area of about 525 square kilometres (203 square miles). Budapest, which is both a city and county, forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres (2,944 square miles) and a population of 3,303,786. It is a primate city, constituting 33% of the population of Hungary.The history of Budapest began when an early Celtic settlement transformed into the Roman town of Aquincum, the capital of Lower Pannonia. The Hungarians arrived in the territory in the late 9th century, but the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–42. Re-established Buda became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century. The Battle of Mohács, in 1526, was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule. After the reconquest of Buda in 1686, the region entered a new age of prosperity, with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda, Óbuda and Pest on 17 November 1873, with the name 'Budapest' given to the new capital. Budapest also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a great power that dissolved in 1918, following World War I. The city was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and the Battle of Budapest in 1945, as well as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.Budapest is a global city with strengths in commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. Hungary's financial centre, Budapest is also the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College and the first foreign office of the China Investment Promotion Agency. Over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including Eötvös Loránd University, Corvinus University, Semmelweis University, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Opened in 1896, the city's subway system, the Budapest Metro, serves 1.27 million, while the Budapest Tram Network serves 1.08 million passengers daily.The central area of Budapest along the Danube River is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and has several notable monuments of classical architecture, including the Hungarian Parliament and the Buda Castle. The city also has around 80 geothermal springs, the largest thermal water cave system, second largest synagogue, and third largest Parliament building in the world. Budapest attracts around 12 million international tourists per year, making it a highly popular destination in Europe."
Balatonföldvár,"Balatonföldvár (German: Földwahr) is a popular resort town in Somogy County, Hungary, on the southern side of Lake Balaton, approximately 120 km southwest from Budapest and about 23 km southwest from Siófok, the ""capital of Balaton"". Balatonföldvár is a frequently visited tourist destination among Hungarians and foreign guests (especially Germans and Austrians) because of its natural beauties (like the loess hill and the big flowery parks), historical heritages (like the Celtic path, the old mansions and villas) or its countless leisure opportunities. The town offer several water sport (sailing, windsurfing, fishing, rowing etc.) and mainland sport (beach volleyball, bicycle pathes, football etc.) activities."
Gödöllő,"Gödöllő (Hungarian: [ˈɡødølløː]; German: Getterle; Slovak: Jedľovo) is a town in Pest County, Budapest metropolitan area, Hungary, about 30 km (20 mi) northeast from the outskirts of Budapest. Its population is 34,396 according to the 2010 census and is growing rapidly. It can be easily reached from Budapest with the suburban railway (HÉV), and national railway (MÁV-START).
Gödöllő is home to the Szent István University, the main education institute of agriculture in Hungary. The palace at Gödöllő was originally built for the aristocratic Grassalkovich family; Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary and his wife Elisabeth (""Sisi"") later had their summer residence here.
Communism saw much of the town's original one-storey housing levelled to make way for the blocks of flats which continue to dominate the town centre, as well as much of the Royal Forest and Elisabeth's Park levelled for industrial use."
House of Hungarian Wines,"The House of Hungarian Wines (Hungarian: Magyar Borok Háza) was a wine shop in Budapest, near the Buda Castle."
List of tourist attractions in Somogy County,"List of tourist attractions in Somogy County is a collection of main sights in Somogy County, Hungary."
Siófok,"Siófok (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈʃijoːfok]; German: Fock; Latin: Fuk) is a town in Somogy County, Hungary on the southern bank of Lake Balaton. It is the second largest municipality in Somogy County and the seat of Siófok District. It covers an area of about 124.66 km2 (48.13 square miles) between Lake Balaton, the Mezőföld and the Outer Somogy-Hills. Lying at the firth of the Sió Channel, it serves as the most important logistic station for goods between Lake Balaton and the River Danube.
The town is Hungary's second most popular holiday destination (right after Budapest) thanks to its 17-kilometre-long (11 miles) coast, over 1,000 hotels, and plenty of bars, restaurants and night clubs. Siófok is one of the richest municipalities of Hungary due to tourism. Hungarians often call the town ""the capital of Lake Balaton"", as it is the largest town on its shores and acts as the financial, cultural, media, commercial and touristic hub of the northern part of Somogy County and the southern shore of Lake Balaton."
Szeged,"Szeged ( SEG-ed, Hungarian: [ˈsɛɡɛd] (listen); see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongrád-Csanád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.
The Szeged Open Air (Theatre) Festival (first held in 1931) is one of the main attractions, held every summer and celebrated as the Day of the City on 21 May."
Tourism in Iceland,"Tourism in Iceland has grown considerably in economic significance in the past 15 years. As of 2016, the tourism industry is estimated to contribute about 10 percent to the Icelandic GDP; the number of foreign visitors exceeded 2,000,000 for the first time in 2017; tourism is responsible for a share of nearly 30 percent of the country's export revenue."
Diamond Circle,"The Diamond Circle (Icelandic: Demantshringurinn [ˈtɛːman(t)sˌr̥iŋkʏrɪn]) is a popular tourist route around Húsavík and Lake Mývatn in North Iceland. The route is fully paved and easily accessible during the summer. The southern section of the route follows Route 1 (Ring road) from Akureyri, before turning north along Route 862, the new road to Dettifoss. Then it joins Route 85 at Ásbyrgi Canyon and follows the coast through Húsavík and eventually re-joining Route 1. 
The four primary stops on the route are the town of Húsavík, Ásbyrgi Canyon, Lake Mývatn and Dettifoss Waterfall, the most powerful waterfall in Europe.
Other stops include Vatnajökull National Park, Goðafoss Waterfall, Dimmuborgir (Dark Castles), Eider Falls, The Whispering Cliffs and Laugar. The Diamond Circle covers an area rich in volcanic and geothermal features.The completion of the 55-km new paved road to Dettifoss, Route 862, replaced a difficult old gravel road which was impassable during winter. The road was opened in stages from 2010 to 2021. This represented the last paved section of the Diamond Circle to be completed, linking the Route 1 and Route 85 by Ásbyrgi Cannon. This made the route from Dettifoss to Ásbyrgi cannon much more accessible, especially during winter. The Diamond Circle Society is a non-profit organization that works to promote and protect the Diamond Circle and surrounding areas in North Iceland."
Golden Circle (Iceland),"The Golden Circle (Icelandic: Gullni hringurinn [ˈkʏtlnɪ ˈr̥iŋkʏrɪn]) is a tourist route in southern Iceland, covering about 300 kilometres (190 mi) looping from Reykjavík into the southern uplands of Iceland and back. It is the area that contains most tours and travel-related activities in Iceland.The three primary stops on the route are the Þingvellir National Park, the Gullfoss waterfall, and the geothermal area in Haukadalur, which contains the geysers Geysir and Strokkur, which erupts every 10-15 minutes. Though Geysir has been mostly dormant for many years, Strokkur continues to erupt every 5–10 minutes. Other stops include the Kerið volcanic crater, the town of Hveragerði, Skálholt cathedral, and the Nesjavellir and Hellisheiðarvirkjun geothermal power plants.
The name Golden Circle is a marketing term for the route, derived from the name of Gullfoss, which means ""golden waterfall"" in Icelandic."
Hallormsstaðaskógur,"Hallormsstaður National Forest (Icelandic pronunciation: ​[ˈhatlˌɔ(r)msˌstaːðʏr̥]) or Hallormsstaðaskógur Icelandic pronunciation: ​[-ˌstaːðaˌskouː(ɣ)ʏr̥] is located in Fljótsdalur east Iceland, about 25 kilometers inland from the town of Egilsstaðir. It is one of the larger forests in Iceland, covering 740 hectares (ha), and includes the only village in Iceland that is located in a forest. The forest is a recreation area in a varied landscape. There are over 40 km of marked trails and footpaths as well as an arboretum, two camp-sites, picnic areas, a hotel, and boat and horse rentals.

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Húsavík Chamber of Commerce and Tourism,The Húsavík Chamber of Commerce and Tourism (Icelandic: Húsavíkurstofa) is the chamber of commerce and tourism board for the town of Húsavík in North Iceland. The organization was established in 1984 and is based on voluntary participation by individuals and companies. The aim of the organization is to strengthen the local business community and promote the area for travelers.
Icelandic Elf School,"The Icelandic Elf School (Icelandic: Álfaskólinn) is an organization located in Reykjavík, Iceland, that teaches visitors about Icelandic folklore.
The organization teaches about the hidden people and thirteen types of elves, entities purported by the institution to reside within Iceland. The school's principal, Magnús Skarphéðinsson, states:Hidden people are just the same size and look exactly like human beings, the only difference is that they are invisible to most of us. Elves, on the other hand, aren’t entirely human, they’re humanoid, starting at around eight centimeters.The Icelandic Elf School publishes materials on hidden people, which serve both as an educational resource and a teaching aid within the classroom.
Established in 1991, the school arranges educational excursions lasting approximately five hours for its visitors. Since opening the institution has welcomed more than 9,000 attendees, the majority of whom are foreign. Other services provided by the Álfaskólinn include aura readings and explorations into past lives."
Tourism in India,"Tourism in India is 4.6% of the country's GDP, Unlike other sectors Tourism is not a priority sector for Government of India. The World Travel and Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated ₹13.2 lakh crore (US$170 billion) or 5.8% of India's GDP and supported 32.1 million jobs in 2021. Even though, these numbers were lower than the pre-pandemic figures; the country's economy witnessed a significant growth in 2021 after the massive downturn during 2020. The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 7.8% to ₹33.8 lakh crore (US$420 billion) by 2031 (7.2% of GDP). In October 2015, India's medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth US$3 billion, and it is projected to grow to US$7–8 billion by 2020. In 2014, 184,298 foreign patients travelled to India to seek medical treatment.According to Ministry of Tourism, Over 6.19 million and 1.52 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2022 & 2021 respectively compared to 10.93 million in 2019, representing a -44% degrowth.India has bigger domestic tourist population so it's not dependent on foreign tourist much. This makes India the 22nd most visited nation in the world and 8th in Asia and Pacific . Domestic tourist visits to all states and union territories numbered 1,036.35 million in 2012, an increase of 16.5% from 2011. In 2012, National Geographic's Traveller magazine named the state Kerala as one of the ""ten paradises of the world"" and ""50 must see destinations of a lifetime"". In 2014, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh were the most popular states for tourists. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Agra and Jaipur were the five most visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year 2015. As of 2017, worldwide, Delhi is ranked 28th by the number of foreign tourist arrivals, while Mumbai is ranked 30th, Chennai 43rd, Agra 45th, Jaipur 52nd and Kolkata 90th.The World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Development Index 2021, which replaced its previous Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, ranks India 54th out of 117 countries overall. The last edition of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, published in 2019, had ranked India 34th out of 140 countries overall. The report ranked the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 13th out of 140 countries. It mentioned that India has quite good air transport infrastructure (ranked 33rd), particularly given the country's stage of development, and reasonable ground and port infrastructure (ranked 28th). The country also scored high on natural resources (ranked 14th), and cultural resources and business travel (ranked 8th). The World Tourism Organization reported that India's receipts from tourism during 2012 ranked 16th in the world, and 7th among Asian and Pacific countries.The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various central ministries/agencies, state governments, union territories and private sector representatives. Concerted efforts are being made to promote niche tourism products such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism. The Ministry of Tourism maintains the Incredible India campaign focused on promoting tourism in India.

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Atithi Devo Bhava,"Atithi Devo Bhava, also spelt Atithidevo Bhava (Sanskrit: अतिथिदेवो भव:), English translation: A guest is akin to God, prescribes a dynamic of the host-guest relationship, which embodies the traditional Indian Hindu-Buddhist philosophy of revering guests with the same respect as a god. This concept of going out of the way to treat guests with reverence goes even beyond the traditional Hindu-Buddhist common greeting of namaste (I bow to the divinity in you) used for everyone.
The mantras are from the Taittiriya Upanishad, Shikshavalli I.11.2, which says: matrudevo bhava, mitradevo bhava, pitrudevo bhava, putradevo bhava, acharyadevo bhava, atithidevo bhava. It literally means ""be one for whom the Mother is God, be one for whom the Friend is God, be one for whom the Father is God, be one for whom the Child is God, be one for whom the Teacher is God, and be one for whom the Guest is God"". Matrudevah, mitradevah, pitrudevah, putradevah, acharyadevah, and atithidevah are one word each, and each one is a Bahuvrihi samasta-pada."
"Eat, Pray, Love","Eat, Pray, Love: One Woman's Search for Everything Across Italy, India and Indonesia is a 2006 memoir by American author Elizabeth Gilbert. The memoir chronicles the author's trip around the world after her divorce and what she discovered during her travels. She wrote and named the book while living at The Oliver Hotel on the downtown square in Knoxville, TN. The book remained on The New York Times Best Seller list for 187 weeks. The film version, which stars Julia Roberts and Javier Bardem, was released in theaters on August 13, 2010.Gilbert followed up this book with Committed: A Skeptic Makes Peace with Marriage, released through Viking in January 2010. It covered her life after Eat, Pray, Love, plus an exploration of the concept of marriage."
Equitable Tourism Options,"Equitable Tourism Options (EQUATIONS) is a research, campaign and advocacy NGO working on social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts of tourism on local communities in India. Their work is directed towards enabling non-exploitative, equitable and sustainable tourism in India. They function out of Bangalore, India and were founded in 1985."
Ghanashyam House,Ghanashyam House or Nati Gosain dol is an early 18th-century brick monument built during the reign of the king Rudra Singha dedicated to the architect Ghanashyam. This monument is situated on the west bank of Joysagar Tank. It is 4 km away from Sivasagar town towards west.
Golden Triangle (India),"India's golden triangle is a tourist circuit in India that connects the national capital, New Delhi, Agra and Jaipur. The Golden Triangle is so named because of the triangular shape formed by their locations on a map. The trips usually start in Delhi and move south to the site of the Taj Mahal at Agra (in Uttar Pradesh state), then west, to Jaipur (in the desert landscapes of Rajasthan state). It is normally possible to do the trip by road, train or plane. The Golden Triangle is now a well-traveled route, providing a good spectrum of the country's different landscapes. The circuit is about 720 km by road. Each leg is about 4 to 6 hours of driving. The Shatabdi express train also connects New Delhi with Agra and Jaipur.
One of the most travelled and raved about tourist routes in India is the Golden Triangle, which takes in some of the most spectacular and magical destinations India has to offer. From the historic capital Delhi to Agra, the home of the Taj Mahal, and Rajasthan, one of the most colourful states in India."
The Great Railway Bazaar,"The Great Railway Bazaar: By Train Through Asia is a travelogue by American novelist Paul Theroux, first published in 1975. It recounts Theroux's four-month journey by train in 1973 from London through Europe, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and his return via the Trans-Siberian Railway. The first part of the route, to India, followed what was then known as the hippie trail.  It is widely regarded as a classic in the genre of travel writing.  It sold 1.5 million copies upon release.In the book, Theroux explored themes such as colonialism, American imperialism, poverty, and ignorance. These were embedded in his accounts of sights and sounds he experienced as well as his conversation with other people such as his fellow travelers. It included elements of fiction such as descriptions of places, situations, and people, reflecting the author's own thoughts and outlook. Contemporaneous reviews noted how his background allowed him the breadth of insights to authoritatively describe people even when there are instances when he committed ethnic generalizations. Prior to the publication of The Great Railway Bazaar, Theroux lived in Africa, Singapore, and England.

In a 2013 article, Theroux outlined several inspirations that led him to embark on his journey and publish his experiences. These include his fascination for trains, which offered what he described as an opportunity to break monotony as well as a respite from work. He wrote:I could think clearly on the London trains and when, on the rare occasions, I travelled out of London – on the Exeter line via Sherborne, Yeovil, and Crewkerne, to visit my in‑laws, or on the Flying Scotsman on a journalistic assignment, my spirits revived and I saw with clarity that it might be possible to conceive a book based on a long railway journey."
Incredible India,"Incredible India (stylized as Incredıble!ndıa) is the name of an international tourism campaign launched by then BJP (NDA) government, lead by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, maintained by the Government of India since 2002, to promote tourism in India. The ""Incredible India"" title was officially branded and promoted since 2002. The exclamation mark forms the 'I' of India. The exclamation used creatively across several visuals compliments the concept behind the word ""Incredible""."
Outline of India,"The following outline is provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, India:
The seventh-largest country by area, India is located on the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. India was home to the ancient Indus Valley civilisation, and is the birthplace of four world religions: Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism. India endured colonisation, eventually being administered by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence led by influential figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Subash Chandra Bose and underwent a violent partition. India (as of April 2023) is the most populous country with over 1.4 billion people, and is also the most populous democracy in the world."
List of Indian states and union territories by highest point,This is the alphabetical list of the highest points of the Indian states and union territories.
Indrail Pass,"An Indrail Pass was a special railway pass available to foreign nationals created along the lines of the Eurail Pass for unlimited travel without reservation of a ticket on the Indian Railways network. This ticket was available for a special time period from half a day to 90 days.
Vide Railway Board order, Indrail passes have been discontinued."
Inner Line Permit,Inner Line Permit (ILP) is an official travel document issued by the state government concerned to allow inward travel of an Indian citizen into a protected area for a limited period. It is obligatory for Indian citizens from outside those states to obtain a permit for entering the protected state. The document is an effort by the government to regulate movement to certain areas located near the international border of India. An ILP is usually significantly easier to obtain than the analogous Protected Area Permit (PAP) which is the document required by non-citizens to enter the same areas.
Jang Town,"Jang is a tourist destination, town and subdivision in Jang Valley in Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh state of India. It lies on NH-13 Trans-Arunachal Highway 40 km southwest of Tawang and north of Sela Tunnel/Sela Pass. As per the 2011 Census of India, Jang has a population of 5,480. Jang Hydal Plant, near the base of Nuranang Falls (Jang Falls), is a small hydel plant which generates electricity for local use."
List of Water Heritage Sites in India,The Ministry of Jal Shakti of the Government of India has declared 75 sites in India as the Water Heritage Sites. These sites are more than hundred years old and of historical importance.
Maidam,"A maidam is a tumulus of the royalty and aristocracy of the medieval Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826) in Assam. The royal maidams are found exclusively at Charaideo; whereas other maidams are found scattered in the region between Jorhat and Dibrugarh towns. Structurally, a maidam consists of vaults with one or more chambers. The vaults have a domical superstructure that is covered by a hemispherical earthen mound that rises high above the ground with an open pavilion at the peak called chow chali. An octagonal dwarf wall encloses the entire maidam.
Burial is the predominant funeral rite of the Tai people, to which the Ahom people originally belonged.  This is opposed to the Hindu system of cremation.  After the Ahom kings adopted Hinduism, they chose to bury the ashes after cremation.
The Ahom community in Assam consider the excavation as an affront to their tradition, because the maidams are associated with the Ahom ancestor worship and the festival of Me-Dam-Me-Phi."
Medical tourism in India,"Medical tourism is a growing sector in India. In mid–2020, India's medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth US$5–6 billion. In 2017, 495,056 patients visited India to seek medical care. According to a report from 2019 by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry and Ernst & Young, most of the medical tourist arrivals in India were from Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, and SAARC region. India also receives significant number of medical tourists from Australia, Canada, China, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The city of Chennai has come to be known as the healthcare capital of India.
To encourage applications and ease the travel process for medical tourists, the government has expanded its e-tourism VISA regime in February 2019, to include medical visas. The maximum duration of stay under this visa is 6 months. Since 30 August 2019, foreigners can receive any medical treatment in India with the exception of organ transplants without a medical visa."
National Geological Monuments of India,"National Geological Monuments are geographical areas of national importance and heritage, as notified by the Government of India's Geological Survey of India (GSI), for their maintenance, protection, promotion and enhancement of geotourism."
Protected and restricted areas of India,"The Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order, 1958 states that a Protected Area Permit (PAP) is required for non-Indian citizens to visit certain areas in India (mainly in the Northeast India). Certain requirements have to be fulfilled in order to get this permit. Indian citizens who are not residents in these areas need an Inner Line Permit (ILP) to enter these places. The Inner Line Permit is significantly easier to get.
In addition, the Foreigners (Restricted Areas) Order, 1963 states that a Restricted Area Permit (RAP) is required for non-Indians to visit certain areas in India. As of 2009, RAP are required for all visits to the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of the state of Sikkim. Unlike PAP, RAP are generally available for individual travellers and can be issued by overseas embassies or even, in some cases such as Port Blair's Veer Savarkar International Airport, on the spot. Indian citizens do not need special permission to visit restricted areas."
Ram Van Gaman Path,"Ram Van Gaman Path is the path that Lord Rama, Sita and Lakshmana took during their 'vanvaas' or exile years. It starts from Ayodhya and ends at Sri Lanka. This path is much revered in the Hindu religion as various key incidents of Lord Rama’s life have taken place on this path.As per Ramayana, Lord Rama through his wandering years traveled from India to Sri Lanka. During his ‘vanvaas’ or exile, he was not allowed to stay in any village or town and live his life in a forest. Owing to this, after taking his leave from Ayodhya, Lord Rama wandered through the forests of Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu."
Swadesh Darshan Scheme,"Swadesh Darshan Scheme (Hindi :  स्वदेश दर्शन योजना) is a scheme of Ministry of Tourism under Government of India. The scheme aims to promote, develop and harness the potential of tourism in India."
Taj Mahal,"The Taj Mahal (;  lit. 'Crown of the Palace') is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna  in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was commissioned in 1631 by the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.
Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643, but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around ₹32 million, which in 2023 would be approximately ₹35 billion. The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by Ustad Ahmad Lahori, the emperor's court architect. Various types of symbolism have been employed in the Taj to reflect natural beauty and divinity.
The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being ""the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage"". It is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts 7-8 million visitors a year, and in 2007 it was declared a winner of the New 7 Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative."
Today's Traveller,Today's Traveller (TT) is an Indian monthly travel magazine published since 1997. Based in New Delhi.
Village on Wheels,"Village on Wheels is an Indian train introduced by the Indian Railways to cater to budget tourists, especially villagers. The trains connect the selected tourist destinations, usually with a circular schedule. They are managed by Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC), a public-sector undertaking of the Railways.This is envisaged to be the more plebeian version of the luxurious Palace on Wheels trains.
'The train is aimed at promoting tourism and connecting one city to another' says the railways official 'the first nine-day journey will cost Rs. 4,500 inclusive of lacto-vegetarian meals and snacks'
The train has 10 coaches and can accommodate 350 passengers."
Visa policy of India,"Visitors to India must obtain a visa unless they come from one of the visa-exempt countries. Nationals of certain countries may obtain a visa on arrival or an e-Visa online, while others must obtain a visa from an Indian diplomatic mission."
Youth Hostels Association of India,The Youth Hostels Association of India (YHAI) is an organisation providing youth hostel accommodation in India. It is a member of the Hostelling International federation.
Tourism in Indonesia,"Tourism in Indonesia is an important component of the Indonesian economy as well as a significant source of its foreign exchange revenues. Indonesia was ranked at 20th in the world tourist Industry in 2017, also ranked as the ninth-fastest growing tourist sector in the world, the third-fastest growing in Asia and fastest-growing in Southeast Asia. In 2018, Denpasar, Jakarta and Batam are among of 10 cities in the world with fastest growth in tourism, 32.7, 29.2 and 23.3 percent respectively. The tourism sector ranked as the 4th largest among goods and services export sectors.
On 2019, Indonesia recorded 16.10 million foreign tourist arrivals, seeing a 1.9% per cent increase than that of 2018. In 2015, 9.73 million international visitors entered Indonesia, staying in hotels for an average of 7.5 nights and spending an average of US$1,142 per person during their visit, or US$152.22 per person per day. Singapore, Malaysia, China, Australia, and Japan are the top five sources of visitors to Indonesia.
The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 ranks Indonesia 40th out of 140 countries overall with Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index score of 4.3. It is a two steps improvement from Indonesia's 2017 position of 42nd out of 136 countries overall with index score of 4.2. The 2015 report ranks the price competitiveness of Indonesia's tourism sector the 3rd out of 141 countries. It mentions that Indonesia has quite good travel and tourism policy and enabling conditions (ranked 9th). The country also scores quite good on natural and cultural resources (ranked 17th). However, the country scored rather low in infrastructure sub-index (ranked 75th), as some aspects of tourist service infrastructure are underdeveloped.In 2016, the government was reported to be investing more in tourism development by attracting more foreign investors. The government has given priority to 10 destinations as follows: Borobudur, Central Java; Mandalika, West Nusa Tenggara; Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara; Bromo-Tengger-Semeru, East Java; Thousand Islands, Jakarta; Lake Toba, North Sumatra; Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi; Tanjung Lesung, Banten; Morotai, North Maluku; and Tanjung Kelayang, Bangka Belitung Islands. As quoted in The Jakarta Post, the government is aiming for 275 million trips by domestic tourists by end of 2019. The government has also secured commitments from potential investors, totalling US$70 million in the areas of building accommodation, marina and ecotourism facilities in 3 of the 10 areas. Indonesia is ranked at seventh place in the list of Lonely Planet's top 10 countries to visit in 2019. The country ranks fourth out of the top 25 destinations in the world in 2018 by travel site TripAdvisor."
2012 Sail Morotai,"2012 Sail Morotai was the fourth international sailing event by Sail Indonesia cooperating with Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Indonesian Marine Board, and other Indonesian government agencies. More than 100 participants from various countries across the world joined the event. 2012 Sail Morotai, with the theme  Step to the New Era of Pacific Regional Economy, was released on 14 March 2012 by Indonesian Coordinating Minister of People's Welfare H. R. Agung Laksono, Indonesian Minister of Marine and Fishery Sharif C. Sutardjo, and Governor of North Maluku Thaib Armaiyn. 2012 Sail Morotai was conducted from June to September 2012 and the event was taking Morotai Island, North Maluku, as the main venue referring to Presidential Decree No. 4 of 2012. Morotai Island was chosen since it keeps not only the remains and history of World War II, but also potential marine to be explored.Improving from the previous Sail Indonesia events, 2012 Sail Morotai held more various activities which were social event, yacht rally, cultural and marine seminar, marine sports, and marine expedition for research. Most of the activities were involving Indonesian National Army and war veterans from overseas."
Apung 1,"PLTD Apung 1 is a tourist attraction and former active duty electric generator ship, stranded on dry land in Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. The 2,600-ton vessel had been in the sea when the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami occurred, with the tsunami carrying her 2 to 3 kilometres (1.2 to 1.9 mi) inland. The Apung 1, then owned by the local power generating company, crashed upon two homes when she was taken ashore, killing those inside. Visitors can enter the ship and explore the interior in its entirety.The government gave Apung 1 to Aceh during the Aceh conflict between the government and the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, or GAM). In 2012–2013, the boat was renovated and now has two towers, a monument, a flying walk, a jogging area, and a fountain."
Bintan Resorts,"Bintan Resorts is the name for a resort enclave occupying the northern area of the Indonesian island of Bintan. It consists of nine resorts, plus a small service apartment development.
Although the area is within Indonesian territory, the island is marketed at residents from nearby Singapore, for whom Bintan is a short ferry trip away. The development received 410,454 visitors in 2009, of which the largest proportion, almost 30%, were Singaporean.The area is generally a short-stay destination, with 90% of visitors staying less than seven days.Bintan welcomed a record-breaking one million visitors for the first time in 2018."
Bungin Island,"Bungin Island (Indonesian: Pulau Bungin) is located in Alas District, Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia. The island is situated within Bali Sea, 70 kilometers west of the center of Sumbawa Besar district. The island is administratively one of the villages in the district. The island is mostly inhabited by the Bajo people from South Sulawesi, who arrived here more than 200 years ago. With an area of around 8.5 hectares where about 3,400 people live. The island is connected by a causeway to the mainland of the regency. The island is one of the most densely populated island in the world."
Chinese fishing nets,"Chinese fishing nets (Cheena vala in India or tangkul in Indonesia) are a type of stationary lift net in India and Indonesia. They are fishing nets that are fixed land installations for fishing. While commonly known as ""stupid fishing nets"" in India, the more formal name for such nets is ""shore operated lift nets"". Huge mechanical contrivances hold out horizontal nets of 20 m or more across. Each structure is at least 10 m high and comprises a cantilever with an outstretched net suspended over the sea and large stones suspended from ropes as counterweights at the other end. Each installation is operated by a team of up to six fishermen. While such nets are used throughout coastal southern China and Indochina, in India they are mostly found in the Indian cities of Kochi and Kollam, where they have become a tourist attraction. This way of fishing is unusual in India and almost unique to the area, as it was introduced by Chinese explorers who landed there in the 14th century. Indeed, one interpretation of the city name Kochi is ‘co-chin', meaning ‘like China.’The system is sufficiently balanced that the weight of a man walking along the main beam is sufficient to cause the net to descend into the sea. The net is left for a short time, possibly just a few minutes, before it is raised by pulling on ropes. The catch is usually modest: a few fish and crustaceans, which may be sold to passers-by within minutes.
Rocks, each 30 cm or so in diameter, are suspended from ropes of different lengths. As the net is raised, some of the rocks one-by-one come to rest on a platform thereby keeping everything in balance.
Each installation has a limited operating depth. Consequently, an individual net cannot be continually operated in tidal waters. Different installations will be operated depending on the state of the tide.
The nets may have been introduced by the Chinese explorer Zheng He.The Chinese fishing nets have become a very popular tourist attraction. Their size and elegant construction are photogenic and the slow rhythm of their operation is quite hypnotic. In addition, catches can be purchased individually and need be taken only a short distance to a street entrepreneur who will cook them."
"Eat, Pray, Love","Eat, Pray, Love: One Woman's Search for Everything Across Italy, India and Indonesia is a 2006 memoir by American author Elizabeth Gilbert. The memoir chronicles the author's trip around the world after her divorce and what she discovered during her travels. She wrote and named the book while living at The Oliver Hotel on the downtown square in Knoxville, TN. The book remained on The New York Times Best Seller list for 187 weeks. The film version, which stars Julia Roberts and Javier Bardem, was released in theaters on August 13, 2010.Gilbert followed up this book with Committed: A Skeptic Makes Peace with Marriage, released through Viking in January 2010. It covered her life after Eat, Pray, Love, plus an exploration of the concept of marriage."
Indonesia Handbook,"Bill Dalton's Indonesia Handbook, published by Moon Publications in California, was the main English language tourist guide book for the whole of Indonesia between the 1970s and the 1990s."
Jakarta Tourism and Culture Office,The Jakarta Tourism and Culture Office (JTCO) (Indonesian: Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan DKI Jakarta is one of the Department of Government of Jakarta. The Jakarta Tourism and Culture Office is responsible for culture and tourism affairs in Jakarta.
Parapat,"Parapat is a small town in North Sumatra province on the edge of Lake Toba, on the Uluan Peninsula where it forms the narrowest eastern link to Samosir Island.  It is the primary transit point by ferry for visitors going to Samosir Island.
Administratively it is part of Simalungun Regency."
Sail Indonesia,"Sail Indonesia is a series of sailing and other events for yachts conducted each year in Indonesia. The events are organised by Yayasan Cinta Bahari Indonesia (YCBI) and supported by the high-profile tourist destinations to international yachtsmen and women with a view to expanding the tourism potential and raising awareness of the region as well as introducing visitors to natural and cultural features of the Indonesian archipelago that they might otherwise not visit.
The sailing event started in 2001, and has been held annually ever since. The latest event is being held in the name as 2018 Sail Moyo Tambora centering around Moyo Island and Mount Tambora of West Nusa Tenggara province."
Satonda Island,"Satonda  is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. It is off the north coast of Sumbawa island. The Island is located in Dompu Regency, 3 km from Sanggar Strait in the Flores Sea and is administratively part of the Nangamiro Village area of Pekat District. Satonda island was formed from the eruption of Mount Satonda thousands of years ago. Satonda volcano is said to be older than Mount Tambora, which is about 30 kilometers from the island. Satonda island has a vast natural coral reefs in the surrounding waters and was designated a Marine Nature Park (TWAL) in 1999 by the Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia. The island is proposed to be part of Moyo Satonda National Park along with neighbouring Moyo Island.
The island draws attention by scientists and researchers from both within and outside the country, as the island is related with the phenomenal  eruption of Mount Tambora which shook the world on 15 April 1815. The eruption of Mount Tambora rocked several parts of the world, spewing dust and polluting the Earth’s atmosphere for many years, even tearing the thin ozone layer. Although estimates vary, the death toll was at least 71,000 people, of which 11,000–12,000 were killed directly by the eruption.  Its effects also resulted in climate change which led to eight weeks of nonstop rain in the UK, and has been cited as a reason for the severity of the 1816–19 typhus epidemic in southeast Europe and the eastern Mediterranean that killed about 65,000 people.There is a lake in the middle of the island, which has an area of 77 hectares, occupying two nested craters 39 and 69 meter deep as determined by echosounding. Research by two European scientists named Stephan Kempe and Josef Kazmierczak during 1984, 1989, 1993 and 1996 found the water of Satonda Lake as salty with alkaline levels much higher than regular sea water. This causes a high supersaturation of calcium carbonate minerals and the formation of microbialitic stromatolites along the fringes of the lake.  They jointly concluded that Satonda basin was formed of craters aged more than ten thousand years."
Tourism in Jepara,"Tourism in Jepara is an important component of the economy of Jepara and a significant source of tax revenue. 8472 Tourism in Jepara attract foreign visitors in 2010. Jepara is a town which known for their culinary, education, tourism, and rich cultural heritage. There are many possibilities and opportunities lies for the city to prosper and benefits more, but yet until now the government has not yet fully utilized them. Jepara although only a small town but has many tourist attractions, the mountain tourism, beach tourism, underwater tours, tour the islands. Foreign tourists often visit Tirto Samodra Beach (Bandengan Beach), Karimunjava Island (Crimon Java), Kartini Beach, etc."
Visit Indonesia Year,"Visit Indonesia Year was a New Order Indonesia inaugurated series of years of promoting Indonesia to the world tourism industry. It was considered as part of the Visit Indonesia Decade. The Years were announced by Suharto at the beginning of each year during his time in power, and it was his presidential decisions that made the operation of the years function within the governmental process. As part of the 1994–1995 - 1999–2000 five-year plan, the government set a target of 6.5 million foreign tourists, bringing in US$9 billion in foreign exchange, with 84.2 million domestic tourists spending Rp9 trillion. It was hoped that tourism would generate 900,000 new jobs.The first year was the Visit Indonesia Year 1991. The last major campaign was Visit Indonesia Year 2008 that launched to commemorate 100 years of Indonesian National Awakening in 1908. In January 2011, the ""Visit Indonesia"" branding was discontinued and changed to the “Wonderful Indonesia” campaign.

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Tourism in Iran,"Tourism in Iran is diverse, providing a range of activities from hiking and skiing in the Alborz and Zagros mountains, to beach holidays by the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. The Iranian government has made concerted efforts to attract tourists to the various destinations in the country and arrivals have increased in recent years.
The government website advises visitors to ""dress modestly"" at all times, which for women means covering head, arms, and legs down to the ankles.
The country faced as of July 2023 extreme drop in number of foreign international tourists advertising because of security problems such as foreign nationals detained in Iran (hostage diplomacy).
Minister of tourism has called toilet problems a priority and also strict government Islamic law enforcement problematic such as closing places, shutting concerts down and businesses for its dress ""hijab"" code. He has asked Minister of Road and Urban Development for assistance in increasing access to far reaching tourist destinations.From SIMs cards for foreign tourists only they have internet.Beaches and coasts are veiled for sex segregation.
There are also Islamic police Morality patrols."
Bisitun Cave,"Bisitun Cave (also called ""Hunter's cave"", Bisotun [Farsi], Bisetoun [Kurdish], Bisitoun, or Behistoun) is an archaeological site of prehistoric human habitation in the Zagros Mountains in the Kermanshah province, north-west Iran. Bisitun Cave is one of five caves situated at the base of The Rock of Bisitun, a 1,300 m (4,300 ft) high cliff within the Chamchamal Plain. It was first excavated in 1949 by Carlton Coon, and is notable for the discovery of Mousterian stone tools of the Middle Paleolithic, as well as the remains of 109 identifiable species of Pleistocene mammals, and hominid remains. Harold Dibble described the stone tools as having strong Levallois components. All artefacts are apparently from the same period.
It has not been possible to discern a geological age of the Middle Paleolithic levels at Bisitun Cave. However, the relative abundance of Cervus in the deposits suggests a nearby woodland, and such vegetation is indicative of a warmer later Pleistocene phase. In Southwestern Asia in general, the Middle Paleolithic falls between the Later Middle Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 6/7) and the middle of the Last Glacial (mid Marine Isotope Stage-3). Therefore the age of Bisitun Cave is likely to fall within this period also."
Dalfard,"Dalfard is a major resort for the citizens of Jiroft, in the Kermān Province of Iran. It is located 30 km north of Jiroft in the Jabalbarz mountains. Jiroft is located in a vast plain, Halil River, on the southern outskirts of the Jebal Barez mountain chain, surrounded by two rivers. One of Dalfard's main attractions is Golm, a series of waterfalls.
In addition to the series of waterfalls called Golm, Dalfard also has Armins resort that includes luxurious villas for tourists and a convenient restaurant that serves traditional as well as western dishes. The people of this region are very warm and friendly. This is a primarily agrarian society and all there are numerous crops which are all organic. The terrain in mountainous and rough but there is one major highway that runs through Dalfard. This beautiful location is three hours from Kerman and four hours from Bandar Abbass. Dalfard is a great place for hikers, nature lovers, hunters, archeologists, historians and families."
Flower of the East,"The Flower of the East (Persian: گل شرق) complex was a €1.7 billion tourism attraction project, begun in 2004 in Kish Island and was expected to be finished by 2010. The project was cancelled in 2007. The complex was to accommodate a luxury hotel. This project was cancelled in 2017."
Tourism in Iraq,"Tourism in Iraq refers to tourism in the Western Asian country Iraq. Iraq was one of the main destinations for many years, however it changed dramatically  due to conflicts. The tourism in Iraq has faced many challenges, however, in recent years there has been improvements. The capital city Baghdad is the second largest city in the Arab world and the 4th largest in the Middle East. Iraq has several World Heritage Sites, dating back to ancient Mesopotamia, most notably Babylon Iraq. Iraq is considered to be a potential location for ecotourism. Erbil was chosen as ""Arab Tourism Capital"" in 2014 by the Arab Tourism Committee."
Baghdad Zoo,"The Baghdad Zoo is a 200-acre (81 ha) zoo originally opened in 1971 and located in Baghdad, Iraq, in the Al Zawra’a Gardens area along with the Al Zawra’a Dream Park (amusement park) and Zawra'a Tower. Before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the zoo housed 650 animals. After being nearly destroyed during the 2003 Iraqi war, when only about 35 animals survived, the zoo was reopened in 2003 and now houses about 1,070 animals."
The Other Iraq,The Other Iraq is an advertising campaign created to promote commerce in the Kurdistan Region. It is run by the Kurdistan Development Corporation to promote investment and trade.
Belmond Grand Hibernian,"The Belmond Grand Hibernian was a luxury train service in Ireland. The service was operated by Belmond, the operator of several other luxury trains including the Venice Simplon Orient Express. It was officially launched on 30 August 2016 and ceased on 18 February 2021 and the service will run in another European country in the future."
Caravan and Motorhome Club,"The Caravan and Motorhome Club is an organisation representing caravan and motorhome users in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was founded in 1907 and now represents nearly one million members (caravanners, motorhomers and campervanners)."
Discover Ireland,"Discover Ireland is a consumer website operated by Fáilte Ireland, the tourism board of the Republic of Ireland and features information and listings for Irish accommodation, activities, events, tourist attractions and Irish holiday special offers.  The Discover Ireland website is supported by a ""home holidays"" media campaign throughout the year."
Fáilte Ireland,"Fáilte Ireland is the operating name of the National Tourism Development Authority of Ireland. This authority was established under the National Tourism Development Authority Act of 2003 to replace and build upon the functions of Bord Fáilte, its predecessor organisation. The organisation was established to support the development and promotion of tourism in Ireland, and it undertakes tourism marketing, training and research activities."
The Gathering Ireland 2013,"The Gathering Ireland 2013, referred to as The Gathering  was a tourism-led initiative in Ireland. It aimed to mobilise the Irish diaspora to return to Ireland during 2013 to be part of specially organised local gatherings and events during the year. It was a government supported initiative driven primarily by Fáilte Ireland, the National Tourism Development Authority, and Tourism Ireland. The concept relied on grassroots initiatives of private individuals, and non-governmental organisations. The Gathering was not a single event but provided an umbrella framework for varying activities throughout 2013, from family reunions and clan gatherings to sports fixtures. While the initiative was primarily directed at the Irish diaspora, and those with other links to the country, the organisers hoped the experience for the general tourist would also be enhanced.
It began on 1 January 2013 and ended on 31 December 2013."
Heritage Council (Ireland),"The Heritage Council (Irish: An Comhairle Oidhreachta) is an organisation created by the Irish government to ""engage, educate and advocate to develop a wider understanding of the vital contribution that our heritage makes to our social, environmental and economic well-being.""The Heritage Council was established under the Heritage Act 1995. Its current CEO is Virginia Teehan.The Council's purview includes monuments, archaeological objects, heritage objects such as art and industrial works, documents and genealogical records, architectural heritage, flora, fauna, wildlife habitats, landscapes, seascapes, wrecks, geology, heritage gardens, parks and inland waterways.The Heritage Council organizes the annual Heritage Week in Ireland. It also has a grants scheme.In 2005, the Heritage Council formed the Irish Walled Towns Network (IWTN). The role of the IWTN is to help the walled towns of Ireland become better places in which to live, work and visit. The network does this through providing grants for medieval town wall repairs, secondly, by providing grants for community festivals and heritage interpretation, thirdly, training community groups on how best to use their place's heritage and finally, by coordinating research and publishing advisory documents. In 2013, the IWTN's education programme won the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage/Europa Nostra Award.The Heritage Council established the Museums Standards Programme for Ireland (MSPI) in 2007, to benchmark and promote professional standards in the care of collections and to recognise through accreditation the achievement of those standards within the Irish museum sector. As of 2020, 43 museums have been fully accredited through the MSPI programme."
List of tourist attractions in Ireland,"The following list includes the tourist attractions on the island of Ireland which attract more than 100,000 visitors annually. It includes attractions in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland."
Tourism Ireland,"Tourism Ireland (Irish: Turasóireacht Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Tourism Airlan or Reengin Airlann) is the marketing body responsible for marketing the island of Ireland overseas. Tourism Ireland was established as one of ""six areas of co-operation"" under the framework of the 1998 Belfast Agreement and became operational in January 2002.Tourism Ireland operates under the auspices of the North/South Ministerial Council through the Department for the Economy in Northern Ireland and the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media in the Republic of Ireland.
Tourism Ireland’s Board of Directors is appointed by the North South Ministerial Council and represents tourism industry interests on the island of Ireland. The current Directors' terms expire in December 2021.
Niall Gibbons was appointed as the second Chief Executive of the organisation, replacing the founding CEO Paul O'Toole, in June 2009. The remaining members of the senior management are Siobhan McManamy who is Director of Markets, Mark Henry who is Central Marketing Director, and Shane Clarke who is Director of Corporate Services.Tourism Ireland's headquarters are located in Dublin and Coleraine, and also has 15 offices across Europe, North America, the Middle East, China and Australia, as well as having representatives in India and New Zealand. The island of Ireland (which includes both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) received a record 11.3 million visitors during 2019. Approximately 40% of visitors come from Great Britain, 18% from North America and 35% from Mainland Europe."
Tourism in Israel,"Tourism in Israel is one of the country's major sources of income, with a record 4.55 million tourist arrivals in 2019. Tourism contributed NIS 20 billion to the Israeli economy in 2017, making it an all-time record. Israel offers a plethora of historical and religious sites, beach resorts, natural sites, archaeological tourism, heritage tourism, adventure tourism, and ecotourism. For practical reasons, this article also covers tourism in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and the occupied Golan Heights, since it is closely interconnected with the mass tourism in Israel. 
In 2017, the most popular paid tourist attraction is Masada. The most visited city was Jerusalem and the most visited site was the Western Wall. The largest percentage of tourists came from the United States accounting for 19% of all tourists, followed by Russia, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, China, Italy, Poland, and Canada.Religious tourism is very popular in Israel and in the West Bank. As of 2007, the two most visited Jewish religious sites were the Western Wall and the grave of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai; The most visited Christian holy sites are the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the Church of the Nativity in the West Bank town of Bethlehem, and the Basilica of the Annunciation in Nazareth, Israel.
The most visited Islamic religious places are the Masjid Al-Aqsa (the Temple Mount) in Jerusalem, and the Ibrahimi Mosque at the Tomb of the Patriarchs in the West Bank town of Hebron."
Beit Ben-Yehuda,"Beit Ben-Yehuda is a historical home built in Arnona-Talpiot Neighborhood in Jerusalem for  Eliezer Ben Yehuda, known as ""the reviver of the Hebrew language""."
Birthright Israel,"Taglit-Birthright Israel (Hebrew: תגלית), also known as Birthright Israel or simply Birthright, is a not-for-profit educational organization that sponsors free ten-day heritage trips to Israel, Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights for young adults of Jewish heritage, aged 18–26.Taglit is the Hebrew word for 'discovery'. During their trip, participants, most of whom are visiting Israel for the first time, are encouraged to discover new meaning in their personal Jewish identity and connection to Jewish history and culture.As of 2022, more than 800,000 participants from 68 countries had participated in Birthright Israel. Participation in Birthright Israel has been a major cornerstone in modern Jewish life. Pew Research estimated that by 2020, around 20% of American Jews ages 18–46 have participated in Birthright.The number of participants averages approximately 45,000 per year, with about 80% from the United States and Canada. After peaking at more than 48,000 participants in 2018, due to COVID and budgetary pressures, the program hosted only 35,000 participants in 2022 and anticipated hosting only 23,500 participants in 2023."
Birthright Unplugged,"Birthright Unplugged is an educational organization, designed as a response to the Birthright Israel trips. The name ""Birthright Unplugged"" is a spin on the ""Birthright Israel"" program."
Haifa Wadis Trail,"The Haifa Wadis Trail,  (Hebrew: שביל ואדיות חיפה, Shvil Vadiot Haifa) is a hiking path that extends the Israel National Trail into Haifa. This trail that was formed and maintained by Yarok Balev NGO forms a complete hiking circuit of approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) through the wadis of Mount Carmel.The trail is partially marked, and it takes an average of 3 days to hike it as a whole.  It has been opened to the public since April 2014, and was officially launched in March 2015 after actually marking it.The trail passes along cultural and historical landmarks and through national parks around Haifa. It passes near the Bahá'í Gardens, Mahmood Mosque in Kababir, Elijah's Cave, Carmelites ruins, Technion and numerous other sites."
Island of Peace,"The Island of Peace, or Al-Baqoura as it is known in Jordan, is an area in northern Jordan bordering the Jordan River. The park is at the confluence of the Jordan River and Yarmouk River. Pinhas Rutenberg's Naharayim hydroelectric power station can be seen from here.
The 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty recognized the area to be under Jordanian sovereignty but leased Israeli landowners freedom of entry. The 25-year renewable lease ended in 2019. The treaty gives Jordan the right to end the lease on one condition—that a one-year prior notice is given, which the Jordanian government did, by an announcement made in October 2018.On 10 November 2019, Jordan reclaimed full control of the area, with King Abdullah II stating that Jordan was asserting ""full sovereignty over every inch of those lands""."
Israel National Bike Trail,"The Israel Bike Trail is a trail for mountain bikers in Israel. When complete, the trail will extend over 1,200 kilometers across Israel, like the Israel National Trail, from Eilat to Mount Hermon. It will be composed of 27 segments, passing through Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and the Golan Heights.
In December 2011, the Jewish National Fund opened a  32 kilometer dual-path bike trail that passes through the western portion of the Ben Shemen Forest and continues on through the Modi’in area. In December 2014, eight sections, spanning 400 km from Mitzpe Ramon to Eilat, were open for riding across the Negev desert."
Israel National Trail,"The Israel National Trail (Hebrew: שביל ישראל, Shvil Yisra'el) is a hiking trail that crosses the entire length of the country of Israel, with its northern end at Kibbutz Kfar Giladi, near the Lebanese border in the far north of the country, extending to Eilat at the southernmost tip of Israel on the Red Sea, with a total length of 1,040 km (650 mi). The trail was inaugurated in 1995.

The trail is marked with three stripes (white, blue, and orange), and takes an average of 45–60 days to complete. It does not enter the Golan Heights or the West Bank.The Israel National Trail has been listed in National Geographic's 20 most ""epic trails."" It is described as a trail that ""delves into the grand scale of biblical landscapes as well as the everyday lives of the modern Israeli.""Since January 2016, the Israel National Trail can be explored on Google Street View. Israel National Trail on Google Street View."
Kfar Kedem,"Kfar Kedem (Hebrew: כפר קדם) is a tourist center in Israel which reconstructs the everyday life in the Galilee 2000 years ago, during the Mishnah period. Kfar Kedem is located on Route 77, next to the Hamovil intersection. It was established in 1992 in the Hoshaya settlement by Menachem Goldberg. The center includes about 4 acres of vegetation and trees native to the ancient Land of Israel.
The site reconstructs Jewish life in the Galilee during the Mishnah period. It is located next to Sepphoris, which was the home base of the Sanhedrin (the highest Jewish religious court), its scholars [rabbis], and their leader, Judah the Prince, one of the compilers of the Mishnah.
The site opened in 1992. All visitors start the tour with a short lecture, and immediately afterwards they don Tzitzit, a 4-cornered shawl and a scarf to cover their heads."
Medical tourism in Israel,"Medical tourism in Israel is medical tourism in which people travel to Israel for medical treatment, which is emerging as an important destination for medical tourists. In 2006, 15,000 people came to Israel for medical treatment, bringing in $40 million in revenue. In 2010, Israel treated 30,000 medical tourists. The Health Ministry estimates that they inject about NIS 200 million a year into the health system, of which more than NIS 100 million goes to government hospitals. Outside experts put the total much higher, at almost NIS 500 million.According to a report in 2013, the number of people from Eastern Europe, Cyprus and the United States seeking treatment at Israel's public and private hospitals is growing. Income from medical tourism was assessed at about $140 million in 2012.Israel is also frequently the host venue for international medical conferences."
Ministry of Tourism (Israel),"The Ministry of Tourism (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הַתַּיָּרוּת, romanized: Misrad HaTayarut) is the Israeli government office responsible for tourism. The office was created in 1964, with Akiva Govrin being the first minister, but was appended to the Trade and Industry Ministry between 1977 and 1981. The logo for the Ministry depicts the Biblical Spies carrying fruit back from touring the Holy Land."
Sea to Sea Hiking Trail,"The Sea to Sea Hiking Trail (Hebrew: שביל מים לים, Shvil MiYam LeYam) is a hiking trail that crosses the north of Israel, its western end on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea at Achziv National Park near the Lebanese border in the far north of the country, extending eastward to the coast of the Sea of Gallilee near Kibbutz Ginosar, with a total length of 71 km (44 mi). The trail is marked with different colors in different sections, and takes an average of 3–4 days to complete.The trail was very popular among youth organizations in the 1950s and 60s.The Hebrew Scouts Movement in Israel has been organizing the Sea to Sea hike every year during the Passover holidays, for 14 years old Scouts since 1919.The first part of the trail climbs from the Sea of Gallilee through Nahal Amud to the grave of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai grave on Mount Meron. This section of the trail is part of the Israel National Trail. The second section of the trail goes from Mount Meron through Nahal Kziv to Ma'alot-Tarshiha. The third day of the hike follows Nahal Kziv to the sea."
Timna Valley,"The Timna Valley (תִּמְנָע, Hebrew pronunciation: [timˈna(ʕ)]) is located in southern Israel in the southwestern Arava/Arabah, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the Gulf of Aqaba and the city of Eilat. The area is rich in copper ore and has been mined since the 5th millennium BCE. During early antiquity, the area would have been part of the Kingdom of Edom.
A large section of the valley, containing ancient remnants of copper mining and ancient worship, is encompassed in a recreation park. Ramon Airport is located near the entrance to the Timna Valley."
Tourism in Italy,"Tourism in Italy is one of the economic sectors of the country. With 65 million tourists per year (2019) according to ISTAT, Italy is the fifth most visited country in international tourism arrivals. According to 2018 estimates by the Bank of Italy, the tourism sector directly generates more than five percent of the national GDP (13 percent when also considering the indirectly generated GDP) and represents over six percent of the employed.People have visited Italy for centuries, yet the first to visit the peninsula for tourist reasons were aristocrats during the Grand Tour, beginning in the 17th century, and flourishing in the 18th and 19th centuries. This was a period in which European aristocrats, many of whom were British and French, visited parts of Europe, with Italy as a key destination. For Italy, this was in order to study ancient architecture, local culture and to admire the natural beauties.Nowadays the factors of tourist interest in Italy are mainly culture, cuisine, history, fashion, architecture, art, religious sites and routes, naturalistic beauties, nightlife, underwater sites and spas. Winter and summer tourism are present in many locations in the Alps and the Apennines, while seaside tourism is widespread in coastal locations along the Mediterranean Sea. Small, historical and artistic Italian villages are promoted through the association I Borghi più belli d'Italia (literally ""The Most Beautiful Villages of Italy""). Rome is the 3rd most visited city in Europe and the 12th in the world, with 9.4 million arrivals in 2017 while Milan is the 27th worldwide with 6.8 million tourists. In addition, Venice and Florence are also among the world's top 100 destinations. Italy is also the country with the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the world (58). Out of Italy's 58 heritage sites, 53 are cultural and 5 are natural.The Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Renaissance and the following centuries of the history of Italy have left many cultural artifacts that attract tourists. In general, the Italian cultural heritage is the largest in the world since it consists of 60 to 75 percent of all the artistic assets that exist on each continent, with over 4,000 museums, 6,000 archaeological sites, 85,000 historic churches and 40,000 historic palaces, all subject to protection by the Italian Ministry of Culture. As of 2018, the Italian places of culture (which include museums, attractions, parks, archives and libraries) amounted to 6,610. Italy is the leading cruise tourism destination in the Mediterranean Sea.In Italy there is a broad variety of hotels, going from 1-5 stars. According to ISTAT, in 2017, there were 32,988 hotels with 1,133,452 rooms and 2,239,446 beds. As for non-hotel facilities (campsites, tourist villages, accommodations for rent, agritourism, etc.), in 2017 their number was 171,915 with 2,798,352 beds. The tourist flow to coastal resorts is 53 percent; the best equipped cities are Grosseto for farmhouses (217), Vieste for campsites and tourist villages (84) and Cortina d'Ampezzo mountain huts (20)."
Aeclanum,"Aeclanum (also spelled Aeculanum, Italian: Eclano, Ancient Greek: Ἀικούλανον) was an ancient town of Samnium, Southern Italy, about 25 km east-southeast of Beneventum, on the Via Appia. It lies in Passo di Mirabella, near the modern Mirabella Eclano.
It is now an archaeological park."
Anello del Rinascimento,"The Anello del Rinascimento (Ring of the Renaissance or Renaissance Ring) is 178km trekking and mountain biking route that is divided into thirteen stages. The path traces a symbolic route around the city of Florence. The path skirts fields and woods, castles, ancient churches, and monasteries and penetrates to the heart of Florence, Fiesole and other municipalities in the Province of Florence. The epicentre of the route is the Florence Cathedral."
Bandiera arancione,"The Bandiera arancione (Italian pronunciation: [banˈdjɛːra aranˈtʃoːne]; ""Orange Flag"") is a recognition of quality awarded by the Touring Club Italiano to small towns (population 15,000 or less) in Italy for excellency in tourism, hospitality and the environment.
This recognition was established in 1998 in Liguria, in response to a regional institution's demand to foster and promote the Italian hinterland. The Touring Club Italiano (TCI) developed an analytical model to identify the first towns recognized with the Bandiera arancione. Later the recognition was adopted on nationwide scale to identify sites of excellence in all regions of Italy.This is the only Italian project of its kind to be listed by the World Tourism Organization among successful programs for the sustainable development of tourism around the world."
"Eat, Pray, Love","Eat, Pray, Love: One Woman's Search for Everything Across Italy, India and Indonesia is a 2006 memoir by American author Elizabeth Gilbert. The memoir chronicles the author's trip around the world after her divorce and what she discovered during her travels. She wrote and named the book while living at The Oliver Hotel on the downtown square in Knoxville, TN. The book remained on The New York Times Best Seller list for 187 weeks. The film version, which stars Julia Roberts and Javier Bardem, was released in theaters on August 13, 2010.Gilbert followed up this book with Committed: A Skeptic Makes Peace with Marriage, released through Viking in January 2010. It covered her life after Eat, Pray, Love, plus an exploration of the concept of marriage."
ENIT,"ENIT—Agenzia nazionale del turismo, known in English as The Italian Government Tourist Board, formerly the Ente Nazionale Italiano per il Turismo ('Italian National Agency for Tourism') is the Italian national tourism board. The national Tourist Board is situated in Rome."
Festival del Viaggio,"The Festival del Viaggio (in English: Travel festival) is an annual cultural festival held each June in Florence, Viareggio or Palermo (Italy). The festival features a vast array of conferences, exhibitions, concerts, movies, and documentaries about traveling. It also organizes workshops on writing and photography about travel, in collaborations with the University of Pisa and the province of Florence. It was the first of its kind in Italy."
Fondo Ambiente Italiano,"The Fondo Ambiente Italiano (FAI) is the National Trust of Italy.
The organisation was established in 1975 as the Fondo Ambiente Italiano, based on the model of the National Trust of England, Wales, & Northern Ireland. It is a private non-profit organisation and has over 190,000 members as of 2018. Its purpose is to protect elements of Italy's physical heritage which might otherwise be lost."
Lierna Castle,"Lierna Castle (Italian: Castello di Lierna) is a castle on the eastern side of Lake Como in Lombardy, Italy. The castle is built on a peninsula that protrudes into the lake and consists of a group of connected buildings, rather than a single building. The main portion of the current buildings was constructed in the 10th century in Romanesque style upon former Roman ruins. The castle includes the 11th-century church of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Chiesa dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro), associated with the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.The castle is occupied by the people of the frazione of Castello in the comune of Lierna. It is the northwesternmost of the eleven frazioni of Lierna comune."
Minister of Tourism (Italy),"The Minister of Tourism (Italian: Ministro del Turismo), whose official name is Minister for the Coordination of Initiatives in the Tourism Sector, is one of the positions in the Italian government. The office, known as Minister of Tourism and Entertainment and established in 1959, was later abolished in 1993 after a referendum. It was however re-established in 2009 under the government of Silvio Berlusconi.
The current Minister of Tourism is Daniela Santanchè, who is serving since 22 October 2022."
Miramare di Rimini,"Miramare di Rimini, more commonly known simply as Miramare, is the southernmost suburb and frazione of the city of Rimini, Italy. Situated on the Adriatic coast, the suburb lies 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Rimini's city centre and borders the municipality of Riccione.Miramare is located on the Roman Via Flaminia, now the SS16 state road. The settlement expanded during the 20th century development of Rimini's touristic economy. The Bologna–Ancona railway splits the suburb into a western residential half and an eastern touristic half, characterised by hotels, bars, and clubs. Miramare contains Federico Fellini International Airport, which was formerly known as Rimini Miramare Airport, and is also served by a railway station."
I Borghi più belli d'Italia,"I Borghi più belli d'Italia  (Italian pronunciation: [i ˈbor.ɡi ˈpju ˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]; English: The most beautiful villages of Italy) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is ""Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta"" (""The charme of hidden Italy"").Founded with the intention of contributing to safeguarding, conserving and revitalizing small villages and municipalities, but sometimes even individual hamlets, which, being outside the main tourist circuits, they risk, despite their great value, being forgotten with consequent degradation, depopulation and abandonment. Initially the group included about a hundred villages, which subsequently grew up to 349 in 2023.In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centers of particular historical and landscape interest."
Palio,"Palio is the name given in Italy to an annual athletic contest, very often of a historical character, pitting the neighbourhoods of a town or the hamlets of a comune against each other. Typically, they are fought in costume and commemorate some event or tradition of the Middle Ages and thus often involve horse racing, archery, jousting, crossbow shooting, and similar medieval sports. Once purely a matter of local rivalries, many have now become events that are staged with an eye to visitors and foreign tourists.

The Palio di Siena is the only one that has been run without interruption since it started in the 1630s and is definitely the most famous all over the world. Its historical origins are documented since 1239 even though the version seen today was the final evolution of races held from the second half of the 16th century. In 1935, Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini sent out an official declaration that only the one of Siena could bring the designation of Palio. All other horse races held in various parts of Italy are actually just modern reenactments. After the Second World War, nevertheless, many other palios arose throughout the various regions of Italy, which could be considered just attempts of imitation of the Palio di Siena. Here is an incomplete list:"
Prehistoric Park (Italy),"The Prehistoric Park (in Italian language: Parco della Preistoria) is an Italian naturalistic park of more than 100 hectares of wood, situated on the outskirts of the Rivolta d'Adda commune, Cremona province, about 20 kilometers east of Milan. The park is adjacent to the homonym Adda river and contains 30 reconstructions of prehistoric animals (including prehistoric men), a hundred semi-liberty wild animals, a botanical itinerary with plants signalled, natural environments (as: a swamp, lawns, lakes, etc.), picnic reggeds areas, a café, playing parks, a labyrinth, and shows of fossils, etc., all along a shaded course. 
The access to the park is exclusively pedestrian, but access is allowed to bicycles and dogs with leashes. The park is also recognized by various national and local corporate bodies that testify to the validity of the structure as a guide to the environmental education, not only to children, but of adults as well."
List of tourist attractions in Sardinia,"This is a list of the most famous tourist destinations of Sardinia. Minor islands are included from Olbia, clockwise — industrial sites are not included."
Strade dei vini e dei sapori,"Le Strade dei vini e dei sapori (Roads of Wines and Tastes) is the name for the collection of routes in and around Italy, that lead to and through major regional food and wine production areas.These routes, all in Emilia Romagna, are:

in the Province of Piacenza:
Strada dei vini e dei sapori dei Colli Piacentini
in the Province of Parma:
Strada del Culatello di Zibello
Strada del Prosciutto e dei vini dei Colli di Parma
Strada del Fungo Porcino di Borgotaro
in the Province of Reggio Emilia:
Strada dei vini e dei sapori delle Corti Reggiane
Strada dei vini e dei sapori Colline di Scandiano e Canossa
in the Province of Modena:
Strada dei vini e dei sapori della Pianura Modenese
Strada dei vini e dei sapori Città Castelli Ciliegi
in the Metropolitan City of Bologna:
Strada dei vini e dei sapori dei Colli d'Imola
in the Province of Ferrara:
Strada dei vini e dei sapori Provincia di Ferrara
in the Province of Ravenna:
Strada del Sangiovese dei sapori delle Colline di Faenza
in the Province of Forlì-Cesena:
Strada dei vini e dei sapori dei Colli di Forlì e Cesena
in the Province of Rimini:
Strada dei vini e dei sapori dei Colli di Rimini"
Touring Club Italiano,"The Touring Club Italiano (TCI) (Italian Touring Club or Touring Club of Italy) is the major Italian national tourist organization.
The Touring Club Ciclistico Italiano (TCCI) was founded on 8 November 1894 by a group of bicyclists to promote the values of cycling and travel; its founding president was Luigi Vittorio Bertarelli.  It published its first maps in 1897.  By 1899, it had 16,000 members. With the new century, it promoted tourism in all its forms – including auto tourism – and the appreciation of the natural and urban environments.  Under fascism, starting in 1937, it was forced to Italianize its name to the Consociazione Turistica Italiana.
Through the years, it has produced a wide variety of maps, guidebooks, and more specialized studies, and is known for its high standard of cartography.  Its detailed road maps of Italy are published at 1:200,000, one per region."
Tourism in Abruzzo,"Tourism in Abruzzo has become one of the most prosperous sectors in the economy of Abruzzo, and in recent years has seen a remarkable growth attracting numerous tourists from Italy and Europe. According to statistics, in 2021 arrivals totaled 1,330,887. A total of 5,197,765 arrivals were tourists, a figure that puts the region seventeenth among the Italian regions for numbers of tourists per year. A moderate support to tourism is also given to the Abruzzo Airport with many low cost and charter flights connecting the entire region with the rest of Europe.Abruzzo tourism can basically be divided into three different types: mountain tourism hiking natural which includes numerous ski resorts, nature reserves and protected areas, beach tourism and coastal with the number of resort, hotel, camping and beaches, and finally the art-historical tourism religious and cultural concentrated mostly in mountain villages and historic towns such as l'Aquila, Vasto, Chieti, Teramo, Sulmona and many others.In January 2016 the online newspaper HuffingtonPost.com has included Abruzzo in its ""The World's 12 Best Place to Live or Retire in 2016"", writing:
""It's hard to think of a lovelier corner of Italy than the Abruzzo. The beaches are golden, and the sea rolls out like a giant bolt of turquoise silk. There are mountains, too, meaning that, living here, you'd have both skiing and beach-combing on your doorstep, depending on the season. This region is one of Italy's secret treasures"" 
In 2022 also american travel magazine Travel + Leisure include Abruzzo in 50 Best Places to Travel in 2022.In 2021, arrivals were 1,330,887 tourists."
Tourism in Sardinia,"Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and before Cyprus) and an autonomous region of Italy. Tourism in Sardinia is one of the fastest growing sectors of the regional economy. The island attracts more than a million tourists from both Italy (particularly from Lombardy, Piedmont and Lazio), from the rest of Europe (especially from Germany and France), and, to a lesser degree, from the rest of the world. According to statistics, tourist arrivals in 2016 were 2.9 million people.American travel magazine Travel + Leisure include Sardinia and Costa Smeralda in 50 Best Places to Travel in 2022."
Trabocchi Coast,"The Trabocchi Coast, which corresponds to the coastal stretch Adriatic of province of Chieti (Abruzzo), is a 70-kilometer coast from Ortona to San Salvo in Italy. It comprises a number of coves and reefs below the hills that end at the Adriatic Sea marked by the spread of Trabucco - fishing machines on piles. Many of the towns on the Coast maintain their own characteristics and traditions."
Tourism in Ivory Coast,"Ivory Coast's tourism industry has developed significantly since the early 1970s. The country had 11,374 beds in 7,786 hotel rooms and a 70% occupancy rate in 1997. In 1998, there were 301,039 arriving tourists, including more than 73,000 from (Germany), France and United Kingdom. Beaches, tourist villages, and photo safaris through wildlife preserves are some of the main attractions.Passports are needed for travel into Ivory Coast. Visas are not required for stays of less than 91 days, though a vaccination certificate for yellow fever is required from all foreign visitors. In 2002, the US Department of State estimated the average cost of staying in Abidjan at $160 per day, compared to Yamoussoukro at $98."
Tourism in Jamaica,
Brimmer Hall,"Brimmer Hall is a Jamaican Great House and 642 acre plantation located near Port Maria, in Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica. In the eighteenth century Brimmer Hall was owned by Zachary Bayly as part of a series of contiguous sugar plantations. These consisted of Trinity, Tryall, and Roslyn Pen as well as Brimmer Hall. Together they were known as Bayly's Vale. The land was worked by about 1,100 enslaved Africans in this period.
The house has a single story building with high ceilings and polished wooden floors which were constructed by had out of local hard woods. There is a wide verandah and out-buildings consist of storage sheds, household servant’s quarters, two kitchens (one for the great house and one for the servants) and stables."
James Bond Beach,"James Bond Beach sits on a small peninsula at Oracabessa Bay, approximately 10 miles or 16 kilometres from the Jamaican north coast town of Ocho Rios.The beach is noted for its water sports centre, its ""crystal clear"" water, and its mountains that reach ""straight down to the sea.""  Other amenities, include a bar and a restaurant.  The area has also served as a concert venue for Rihanna, Ziggy Marley, and Lauryn Hill.Its Moonraker bar is spread across two storeys, is open on all sides, and occasionally hosts jazz, blues, soca, and reggae concerts.The seaside location only took up its James Bond Beach name following a suggestion by Kingston-based journalist Neil-Monticelli Harley-Rüdd to the Jamaican Tourist Board."
Oracabessa,"Oracabessa is a small town in Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica
10 miles (16 km) east of Ocho Rios. Its population was 4,108 in 2009.
Lit in the afternoons by an apricot light that may have inspired its Spanish name, Oracabeza, or ""Golden Head"", Oracabessa's commercial district consists of a covered produce market and a few shops and bars. The main street is a narrow promenade with a number of well-maintained buildings in the early 20th-century Jamaican vernacular tradition.To the east Oracabessa merges into a residential community, which is the site of luxury villas such as Goldeneye, Golden Clouds, and Firefly Estate, the latter once the home of British playwright Noël Coward.  To the immediate west of Oracabessa is the village of Boscobel, home of Ian Fleming International Airport, Jamaica's newest international airport.Notable residents of Oracabessa include music producer Chris Blackwell and bestselling author Colin Simpson.  Blackwell owns Goldeneye villa, original home of author Ian Fleming, who wrote many of the James Bond novels while living in Oracabessa.  Simpson owns Golden Clouds villa and is the great-great-grandson of renowned Baptist missionary and abolitionist James Phillippo."
Reggae Beach,"Reggae Beach was a 250-acre property which was located in Jamaica, midway between Ocho Rios and Oracabessa. 
In 2008, the Caribbean Urban Music Awards were presented at Reggae Beach, which were based on the votes of over 1.5 million Caribbean music fans worldwide.  Award recipients present at the ceremony were Beenie Man, Sly and Robbie, and Spragga Benz.In 2010, Reggae Beach was voted by Readers of Lonely Planet guidebook and magazine as the Greatest Cultural Tourism Experience. The award was announced in August 2010. Reggae Beach in Jamaica placed first, ahead of Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Salsa dancing in Havana, Opera in Italy, and authentic Blues in Chicago.The property is owned by Jamaican-Canadian businessman, Michael Lee-Chin."
Saint Ann's Bay,"Saint Ann's Bay is a settlement in Jamaica, the capital of Saint Ann Parish. It had a population of 10,961 at the 1991 census.Musicians Floyd Lloyd and Burning Spear, and Marcus Garvey were born in the town."
Xtabi,"Xtabi is a cove on the cliffs of Negril, in Westmoreland, Jamaica. It consists of a labyrinth of caves and passageways carved from solid rock over millennia of ocean water striking it.An eponymous hotel sits atop the cliffs."
Tourism in Japan,"Tourism in Japan is a major industry and contributor to the Japanese economy.
As of 2019, Japan attracted 31.88 million international tourists. Japan has 21 World Heritage Sites, including Himeji Castle, Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto and Nara.  Popular foreigner attractions include Tokyo and Hiroshima, Mount Fuji, ski resorts such as Niseko in Hokkaido, Okinawa, riding the Shinkansen and taking advantage of Japan's hotel and hotspring network.
The 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report ranked Japan 4th out of 141 countries overall, which was the highest in Asia. Japan gained relatively high scores in almost all of the featured aspects, such as health and hygiene, safety and security, cultural resources and business travel."
100 Fishing Village Heritage Sites (Japan),"The 100 Fishing Village Heritage Sites, more fully the 100 Select Fishing Industry Fishing Village Historical and Cultural Heritage Sites to be Preserved for the Future (未来に残したい漁業漁村の歴史文化財産百選), is an initiative of the National Association of Fisheries Infrastructure (全国漁港漁場協会) endorsed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan.Out of the original 350 submissions, a committee selected the final 100 fishing villages in 2006. The purpose of the initiative is to promote interest in and reuse of the historic and culturally important facilities of the fishing industry and their traditional styles and methods of construction. At the time of selection, some 6,291 fishing villages were recognized, one for every 5.5 km of the coast."
100 Landscapes of Japan (Heisei era),"In 2009, in celebration of its 135th anniversary, the Yomiuri Shimbun formed a selection committee and, together with its readers, selected the 100 Landscapes of Heisei (平成百景). Three hundred sites were nominated and more than 640,000 votes were collected during the selection process. Sponsored by a number of leading companies and organisations, the initiative was supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism."
100 Landscapes of Japan (Shōwa era),"The 100 Landscapes of Japan (日本百景) is a list of famous scenic sites in Japan. The 100 Landscapes or Views were selected alongside further sets of 8 Views and 25 Winning Sites in 1927, a year after Hirohito became Emperor. The selection was intended to ""reflect the new taste of the new era"". The nomination and voting process was sponsored by the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun and Osaka Mainichi Shimbun.The landscapes or views are divided into eight classes (1) Coastlines (2) Lakes (3) Mountains (4) Rivers (5) Gorges (6) Waterfalls (7) Onsen (8) Plains. Many of these landscapes are now included among Japan's National Parks."
100 Terraced Rice Fields of Japan,"This list of the 100 Terraced Rice Fields of Japan (日本の棚田百選, Nihon no tanada hyakusen) is an initiative by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to promote the maintenance and preservation of the terraces alongside public interest in agriculture and rural areas. In 1999, some 134 terraces were selected by a committee of academics from nominations by each prefecture, in 117 municipalities from Tōhoku to Kyūshū."
Japan Tourism Agency,"The Japan Tourism Agency (観光庁, Kankō-chō), JTA, is an organization which was set up on October 1, 2008 as an agency of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism."
Eki stamp,"An eki stamp (駅スタンプ, train station stamp) is a free collectible rubber ink stamp, which is found at many train stations in Japan and Taiwan. Their designs typically feature imagery emblematic of the station's associated city or surrounding area, such as landmarks, mascots, and locally produced goods.
Eki stamps have existed since at least 1931, when one was installed at a station in Fukui and shortly thereafter, eki stamps were installed at major stations throughout Japan. Today, eki stamps exist at nearly all staffed train stations in Japan. Eki stamps also commonly exist at other passenger points of boarding like subway stations, airports, ports, and highway service areas."
"Furano, Hokkaido","Furano (富良野市, Furano-shi) is a city in the prefecture of Hokkaido, Japan, located in the southern reaches of Kamikawa Subprefecture, under whose jurisdiction it resides. Well known throughout Japan as a tourism destination, it is famous for its lavender fields, the television drama Kita no Kuni kara and the Furano Ski Resort, which held the Snowboarding World Cup in recent years. As of September 2016, the city has an estimated population of 22,715 and a density of 38 persons per km2 (98 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 600.97 km2 (232.04 sq mi)."
Harima Sake Culture Tourism,"Harima Sake Culture Tourism is an activity of the Harima United, which is made up of 12 cities and nine towns. The committee was founded and began as a coordinated collaboration of 7 cities and 8 towns in the Harima region on May 29, 2012, and added 5 cities and 1 town of northern Harima on August 30 of the same year. To promote Harima's regional brand as ""Harima: Hometown of Japanese Sake,"" and communicate Harima's charm to the world, the activity involves running day trips and overnight tours in cooperation with 4 of Harima's regional sake brewery associations."
Kankō Ainu,"""Kankō Ainu"" (Japanese: 観光アイヌ, ""tourist Ainu"") is the Japanese term for Ainu people who are considered to live or portray a traditional or pseudo-traditional depiction of the Ainu people and their lifestyle in order to cater to the tourism industry.
The practice of portraying indigenous Japanese traditions for tourism purposes has been criticised and protested by some Ainu advocates, including complaints that tourist Ainu sites do not represent genuine Ainu culture, but rather a stereotype of the Ainu from the wajin (majority Japanese) perspective. However, other Ainu people do not hold the view that the practice is a negative one, instead considering it a positive to be able to make a living producing and selling traditional Ainu handicrafts and performing traditional Ainu artforms for an audience. This term is not a simple history view. For example, Kanko Ainu happened through the assimilation policy by the Japanese government and this was the resistance movement and this tells us “true” culture or not. This is composed by more diversity factors like imperial policy, the establishment media, and expansion of people's communication."
Leaf peeping,"Leaf peeping is an informal term in the United States and Canada for the activity in which people travel to view and photograph the fall foliage in areas where leaves change colors in autumn,
particularly in northern New England, Appalachia, the Pacific Northwest, and the upper Midwest, as well as the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
An organized excursion for leaf peeping is known as a foliage tour or color tour.
A similar custom in Japan is called momijigari (紅葉狩). In Finland, the season is ruska and a trek is called ruskaretki."
Meibutsu,"Meibutsu (名物, lit. 'famous thing') is a term most often applied to regional specialties (also known as meisan (名産)).
Meibutsu can also be applied to specialized areas of interest, such as chadō, where it refers to famous tea utensils, or Japanese swords, where it refers to specific named famous blades."
Miyagegashi,"Miyagegashi (土産菓子, also miyagekashi; lit. 'souvenir sweet'), refers to a sweet made with the purpose of selling it as a souvenir. As with most other Japanese souvenirs (omiyage), the typical miyagegashi is a regional specialty (meibutsu) and cannot be bought outside its specific geographic area. The making and selling of omiyagegashi is an important part of Japan's souvenir (omiyage) industry."
Mr. Dude,"Mr. Dude is Portland, Oregon's mascot in Japan."
Japanese museums,Japan was introduced to the idea of Western-style museums (hakubutsukan 博物館) as early as the Bakumatsu (幕末 ) period through Dutch studies.
Japan National Tourism Organization,"The Japan National Tourism Organization (国際観光振興機構, Kokusai Kankō Shinkō Kikō), JNTO, provides information about Japan to promote travel to and in the country. It was established in 1964 and its headquarters are in Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo. The JNTO operates Tourist Information Centers (TICs) as well as a website. It disseminates information about transportation, lodging, food and beverage, and sight-seeing as well as published tourism statistics and market reports. It also provides support for international conventions and incentive events."
"Nishiki, Kumamoto","Nishiki (錦町, Nishiki-machi) is a town located in Kuma District (also known as Kuma County), Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The town's name is the Japanese word for ""brocade"", and is used as a name for more than one town in Japan. The town can trace its origin back to the merger of three villages in 1884. Two more villages (Ichibu and Kijo) were merged with Nishiki, then known as Nishi-mura or ""West village"", in 1955. It formally gained its status as a town (町; chō or machi) on April 1, 1965. At one time, between 1985 and 2006, Nishiki was twinned with the (now defunct) town of Nishiki, Yamaguchi.
In April 2017, the town had an estimated population of 10,899 and a density of 140.26 persons per km2. The total area is 84.87 km2 (32.77 sq mi). Nishiki is served by the Higo-Nishinomura Station of the Kumagawa Railroad Yunomae Line."
Omiyage,"Omiyage (お土産) is the Japanese tradition of travellers bringing gifts from their destination to friends, family, and colleagues. Unlike souvenirs, it is not bought for yourself and frequently special food products, packaged into several small portions to be easily distributed to those who did not make the trip, all the members of a family or a workplace.
Omiyage are usually sweet items such as candy, cake, or cookies, however, they can also include alcohol, dry snacks, rice crackers, and so on.They are frequently selected from meibutsu, or products associated with a particular region. Bringing back omiyage from trips to co-workers and families is a social obligation and can be considered a form of apology for the traveller's absence. Omiyage sales are big business at Japanese tourist sites. 
Specialty food products associated with particular Japanese regions are called tokusanhin. A similar tradition in the Philippines has the name pasalubong."
Omotenashi,"Omotenashi (Japanese: おもてなし, 御持成) is a Japanese expression that roughly describes concepts of hospitality as well as mindfulness. The term developed particularly around the roles of the host at a Japanese tea ceremony.The term gained increased awareness internationally through the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

"
Three Views of Japan,"The Three Views of Japan (日本三景, Nihon Sankei) is the canonical list of Japan's three most celebrated scenic sights, attributed to 1643 and scholar Hayashi Gahō.  In 1915, modeled on the old Three Views of Japan, Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha (株式会社実業之日本社) held a national election to determine a list of New Three Views of Japan.  The Three Major Night Views of Japan (日本三大夜景, Nihon Sandai Yakei) is the canonical list of Japan's three most celebrated scenic night views. In April 2003, the New Three Major Night Views of Japan and the 100 Night Views of Japan Club (新日本三大夜景・夜景100選事務局), a nonprofit organization, formed a selection committee and, together with its members, selected by vote the New Three Major Night Views of Japan (新日本三大夜景), modeled on the traditional list of Three Major Night Views of Japan. In August 2004, they also announced the 100 Night Views of Japan (夜景百選)."
Tokusanhin,"Tokusanhin (特産品) is a Japanese term for specialty food products associated with particular Japanese regions. Tokusanhin are often showcased in ekiben and packaged as omiyage (souvenirs).
Tokusanhin are a category of meibutsu, regional specialties."
Tourism Areas (Japan),"Tourism Areas (観光圏, Kankōken) are areas or zones designated by the Japan Tourism Agency from 2008. As of April 2009, 30 Tourism Areas are located throughout Japan. The Japan Tourism Agency set the law in 2008 regarding this area to support and promote more synergistic activities among local governments, tourism associations, tourism industries and local hotels and other local organizations and individuals.
Tourism Areas may promote Visit Japan Campaign hosted by Japanese government through Japan Tourism Agency and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism."
Walk Japan,"Walk Japan Limited, also known as WJ, or simply Walk Japan, is a Japan based tour company, founded in 1992 by Tom Stanley and Dick Irving. The company is a pioneer of ""off-the-beaten-track"" walking tours in Japan and are known for their tours to parts of Japan that are often  not available for most visitors to Japan. They have been recognised for their work, including by National Geographic as one of the 200 Best Adventure Travel Companies on Earth."
Masaru Yanagisawa,"Masaru Yanagisawa (柳沢勝; died 2007) was the Honorary Tourism Consul of the Singapore Tourism Board (STB), and the Chairman of the Hakodate Singapore Society. He played an important part in establishing the links between the Hakodate International Tourism and Convention Association (HITCA) and the STB, which facilitates tourism and business exchanges between the two cities.
He founded the Hakodate Singapore Society, which promotes Singapore to the people of Hokkaido. The Society organised the annual Singapore Food Festivals in Hakodate (sponsoring the Hakodate Seafood Night in July 1998) and led visits to Singapore. For eight consecutive years he hosted STB's Annual Tourism Awards winners in his Hotel Hakodate Royal.
He brought Singaporean elements to Hakodate, including merlions erected in the city park and his spa resort in Hakodate, the Singapore Trishaw in his hotel lobby, his souvenir shop named Sentosa Shop, his bar serving the Singapore Sling and a beer called the Merlion.
In the 19th STB Tourism Awards he was accorded the Special Recognition Award, and was re-appointed as STB's Honorary Tourism Consul on 19 November 2007.
He died on 21 November 2007 in Japan."
"Yufuin, Ōita","Yufuin (湯布院町, Yufuin-chō) was a town located in Ōita District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Yufuin is now a district (町) within the city of Yufu. Its elevation is approximately 400 meters above ground.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,342 and density of 88.77 persons per km². The total area was 127.77 km².
On October 1, 2005, Yufuin, along with the towns of Hasama and Shonai (all from Ōita District), was merged to create the city of Yufu. This controversial decision resulted in the recall of the mayor and a snap election in which he regained office.
Located in a green valley beneath the spectacular Mount Yufu (由布岳), a short walk from the town centre is a mix of paddy fields, housing and upmarket ryokan, with a few temples. Mount Yufu, or Yufu-dake, can be hiked in about 90 minutes. A common evening sound is the rhythmic ringing of temple bells.  Although still connected to its rural roots, Yufuin is a tourist town and a popular destination for coach tours. There is a picturesque lake, and rivers flow down and across the valley. Some hotels have outdoor baths called rotenburo with a view of the mountain."
Abdali Mall,"Abdali Mall (Arabic: العبدلي مول) is a $300 million shopping mall located in Amman, Jordan. Developed and owned by the Abdali Mall Company, the mall opened in May 2016 and is part of the Abdali Project.The multi-level shopping mall currently features 2400 parking spaces, over 160 retail outlets, several restaurants & cafes, an entertainment center, nine cinema screens and a supermarket. The mall extends over an area of 227,327 m2 (2,446,930 sq ft), of which 57,121 m2 (614,850 sq ft) are leasable."
Ain Janna,"Ain Janna (Arabic: عين جنّا) is a village located in the Ajloun Governorate in the north-western part of Jordan.
The name is Arabic for Spring of Paradise: Ain is a spring (of water), and Janna is Paradise. The name was being his own given to the village due to the abundance of water springs and apparent availability of water in the village and its surroundings. As a matter of fact, Ain Janna still has some springs, causing its landscape to be green and crystal clear. It is about 70 km (43 mi) to the north of Amman, capital of Jordan. It lies on two juxtaposed mountains, and has a view over Ajlun's Castle and three towns. Average altitude of the village is about 1100 meters above sea level, causing most of the houses in the village to have a view reaching far beyond Jordan; one can easily see some mountains of Nablus in the West Bank (about 30 km /22 miles air distance)."
Ajloun Castle,"Ajloun Castle (Arabic: قلعة عجلون; transliterated: Qalʻat 'Ajloun), medieval name Qalʻat ar-Rabad, is a 12th-century Muslim castle situated in northwestern Jordan. It is placed on a hilltop belonging to the Mount Ajloun district, also known as Jabal 'Auf after a Bedouin tribe which had captured the area in the 12th century. From its high ground the castle was guarding three wadis which descend towards the Jordan Valley. It was built by the Ayyubids in the 12th century and enlarged by the Mamluks in the 13th."
Ajloun Forest Reserve,"The Ajloun Forest Reserve is a nature reserve located in the Ajloun Governorate in north-west Jordan. Established by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature in 1988 in the area around the village of Umm Al-Yanabi, it comprises an area of 13 square kilometres (5 sq mi). The reserve is houses a captive breeding programme for the locally extinct roe deer and has been declared an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. There are also a number of hiking trails for tourists.
In October 2018, Ajloun Natural Reserve won a place among the top 100 sustainable destinations on the global tourism map."
Al-Khazneh,"Al-Khazneh (Arabic: الخزنة; ""The Treasury"") is one of the most elaborate temples in Petra, a city of the Nabatean Kingdom inhabited by the Arabs in ancient times. As with most of the other buildings in this ancient town, including the Monastery (Arabic: Ad Deir), this structure was carved out of a sandstone rock face.
The structure is believed to have been the mausoleum of the Nabatean King Aretas IV in the 1st century AD. It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in both Jordan and the region. It became known as ""Al-Khazneh"", or The Treasury, in the early 19th century by the area's Bedouins as they had believed it contained treasures."
Al-Mudawara Castle,"Al-Mudawara Castle, or Jagiman Castle, is a desert castle located near the Jordanian village of Al-Mudawara, 350 km south of Amman and 15 km from the Jordanian-Saudi border. It was used in the Mamluk and Ottoman eras as a stop for caravans of Hajj, and the last pilgrim stations to Al-Shami before the start of the sandy plain in northern Hijaz."
Aqaba,"Aqaba (English:  , also US: ; Arabic: الْعَقَبَة, romanized: al-ʿAqaba, al-ʿAgaba, pronounced [æl ˈʕæqaba, alˈʕagaba]) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba. Situated in southernmost Jordan, Aqaba is the administrative center of the Aqaba Governorate. The city had a population of 148,398 in 2015 and a land area of 375 square kilometres (144.8 sq mi). Today, Aqaba plays a major role in the development of the Jordanian economy, through the vibrant trade and tourism sectors. The Port of Aqaba also serves other countries in the region.Aqaba's strategic location at the northeastern tip of the Red Sea between the continents of Asia and Africa has made its port important throughout thousands of years. The ancient city was called Elath, adopted in Latin as Aela and in Arabic as Ayla. Its strategic location and proximity to copper mines made it a regional hub for copper production and trade in the Chalcolithic period. Aela became a bishopric under Byzantine rule and later became a Latin Catholic titular see after Islamic conquest around AD 650, when it became known as Ayla; the name Aqaba is late medieval. The Great Arab Revolt's Battle of Aqaba, depicted in the film Lawrence of Arabia, resulted in victory for Arab forces over the Ottoman defenders.Aqaba's location next to Wadi Rum and Petra has placed it in Jordan's golden triangle of tourism, which strengthened the city's location on the world map and made it one of the major tourist attractions in Jordan. The city is administered by the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority, which has turned Aqaba into a low-tax, duty-free city, attracting several mega projects like Ayla Oasis, Saraya Aqaba, Marsa Zayed and expansion of the Port of Aqaba. They are expected to turn the city into a major tourism hub in the region. However, industrial and commercial activities remain important, due to the strategic location of the city as the country's only seaport. The city sits right across the border from Eilat, likewise Israel's only port on the Red Sea. After the 1994 Israel Jordan Peace Treaty there were plans and hopes of establishing a trans-border tourism and economic area, but few of those plans have come to fruition."
Aqaba Fortress,"The Aqaba Castle or Aqaba Fort (Arabic: قلعة العقبة, romanized: Qalʿat al-ʿAqaba), also known as the Mamluk Castle of Aqaba, Jordan, is a Mamluk and Ottoman fortified caravanserai on the pilgrimage route to Mecca and Medina which, in its current form, dates back mainly to the 16th century. In the century preceding the First World War, it was used to a larger degree as a military stronghold. 
In July 1916, the fortress was witness to a victory of the Arab Revolt, when this heavily defended Turkish stronghold fell to an Arab camel charge. Lawrence of Arabia rode triumphantly from here to Cairo to report the good news to General Allenby. The port of Aqaba became a major supply base for the advancing Arab Revolt.The fort is located next to the Aqaba Flagpole, which carries the flag of the Arab revolt against the Ottomans. A building adjacent to the fort, which in 1917 served as Sharif Hussein's residence, now houses the Aqaba Archaeological Museum."
City Mall (Amman),"City Mall is a shopping mall located in Amman, Jordan, owned by the Al-Khayr Real Estate Investment Company. It opened in 2006. The mall extends over an area of 160,000 m2 (1,700,000 sq ft), of which 55,000 m2 (590,000 sq ft) are leasable. It is known as one of the most famous hangout spots in Jordan.
Anchors include Carrefour, Zara, BeBe, Debenhams, Aizone, GAP, Virgin Megastores, Mango, TGI Fridays, Grand Cinemas, H&M, and Jingo Jungle.

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Desert castles,"The Umayyad desert castles, of which the desert castles of Jordan represent a prominent part, are fortified palaces or castles in what was the then Umayyad province of Bilad al-Sham. Most Umayyad ""desert castles"" are scattered over the semi-arid regions of north-eastern Jordan, with several more in Syria, Israel and the West Bank (Palestine)."
Ecotourism in Jordan,"Ecotourism in Jordan has grown tremendously due to environmental pressures and the demand for jobs outside of the cities, especially since the establishment of the Dana Biosphere in 1993, the first biosphere reserve.The early history of ecotourism in Jordan is attributed to His Majesty, the late King Hussein who was behind the creation of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature, created in 1966, which protects and manages the natural resources of Jordan. It currently oversees ten protected areas.  Jordan was one of the countries that responded to the declaration of the International Year of Ecotourism in 2002. Ecotourism practices were considered when planning for tourism destinations in order to improve its contribution to the local and national economic development. The Jordan Tourism Board (JTB) published an ecotourism booklet in April 2004 with the cooperation of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature and the Jordan Royal Ecological Diving Society. The booklet includes all the ecotourism sites in Jordan with a brief description of each site location, what it is, and what has been done to enhance and develop the site. Six nature reserves including the Ajloun Forest Reserve, Dana Biosphere Reserve, Mujib Nature Reserve, Azraq Wetland Reserve, Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, and Wadi Rum in addition to the Dead Sea, Bethany Beyond the Jordan, and the Gulf of Aqaba are distinguished. The booklet also provides some important and useful guidelines for visitors; the guidelines include:

Respect the culture and the traditions of the local community
Purchase local products
Use energy conservation practices
Follow directions and rules of the reserves
Use water conservation practices
Do not use natural water resources as they may not be clean
Do not hike alone in the dark The booklet also encourages tourists to become members of the RSCN, providing them with a membership form. A person can become a regular member with several benefits or can “adopt” an animal by paying a fee which provides some benefits such as a “parent” certificate and free entry to the reserve to visit the adopted animal.Jordan uses tourism as a tool for conservation. By promoting tourism throughout the country, business owners and hoteliers contribute to conserving Jordan's landscape. The ecotourism scheme has provided job opportunities and a market for local products, bringing much needed economic stability to some of Jordan's poorest rural communities.
In addition to small NGOs and other organizations, The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature and USAID are largely responsible for the increase in ecotourism in Jordan. In 2003, a branch of the RSCN, Wild Jordan, was established to manage social economic development and eco-tourism activities in all RSCN protected areas. In 2000, USAID began supporting development of Jordan's eco-tourism industry as a means to create jobs in rural communities. The RSCN and USAID partnership is now 20 years old, and both work together to make eco-tourism a success.Eco-tourism has generated tremendous revenue for the country and the rural communities in the nature reserves. The RSCN has a 100% local employment policy in all their protected areas, resulting in eco-tourism directly supporting around 160,000 families throughout Jordan. According to USAID, in the Dana community, over 85 jobs were directly created, helping around 800 people. The Feynan Ecolodge, in Wadi Feynan, alone directly creates 32 jobs for locals, and many more indirect jobs. Creating jobs is a concern in Jordan since the unemployment rate rests around 12.3 and 15.3 percent. 
Through income-generating projects with eco-tourism, communities living around nature reserves earned JD1.6million in 2012, which is roughly USD2.3million. RSCN annual report also showed that eco-tourism revenue was up 10% in 2012 from the year before, jumping from JD831,336 to JD916,141. 
There is huge potential for this industry, which could generate around 50,000 jobs in a decade through environmental conservation. This would equate to about JD1.3 billion, equal to about USD2.1 billion. According to the Environment Ministry Secretary General Ahmad Qatarneh, environmental destruction costs Jordan about USD1.25 billion a year, five percent of Jordan's GDP and about twice the amount of aid received in 2009. A green economy helps to offset this cost while reducing degradation.It is the local communities' involvement in these nature reserves that makes eco-tourism a success. The local communities contribute to eco-tourism by leading tours and hikes, working in the lodges and restaurants, transporting people and resources, and other various jobs. Manual labor is used more than machines, providing a smaller impact on the environment and more jobs. Community members originally relied on hunting and herding for income. Now, with the wide variety of jobs, there is less hunting and a better standard of living. Herding was once sustainable, but with population growth there was too much pressure on the diverse plants and grazing area. Hunting was decreasing biodiversity and endangering animals like the Nubian ibex. Now, these animals are used as a tourist attraction rather than food. The communities still graze their herds, but they keep significantly less and respect no grazing areas. Furthermore, eco-tourism is also helping to revive communities. With the help of USAID, the city of Dana, near the Dana Biosphere Reserve, is rebuilding fifty-seven historic houses. The goal of the project is to bring back the community members who left the poor city in search of work. Through eco-tourism, poverty is reduced, the environment is protected, and heritage is restored.However, despite the economic benefits, eco-tourism is not without controversy. Eco-tourism projects, especially in the beginning, are not always as environmentally-conscious as possible. For example, in the Wadi Rum nature reserve, the sudden increase in tourism was accompanied by increased roads, electrical lines, hotels, and litter. Although the development helped improve the Wadi Rum Village of Bedouins by bringing them more reliable water and electricity, decisions regarding the fate of Wadi Rum often disregarded local opinions. For example, plans were created to move the village further away and make the existing village into a tourist site without consulting the Rum community. Despite efforts, there are still environmental problems within the reserves. Threats include woodcutting, overgrazing, and hunting, but these threats have significantly decreased in the past decades."
Gilead,"Gilead or Gilad (; Hebrew: גִּלְעָד Gilʿāḏ, Arabic: جلعاد, Ǧalʻād, Jalaad) is the ancient, historic, biblical name of the mountainous northern part of the region of Transjordan. The region is bounded in the west by the Jordan River, in the north by the deep ravine of the river Yarmouk and the region of Bashan, and in the southwest by what were known during antiquity as the ""plains of Moab"", with no definite boundary to the east. In some cases, ""Gilead"" is used in the Bible to refer to all the region east of the Jordan River. Gilead is situated in modern-day Jordan, corresponding roughly to the Irbid, Ajloun, Jerash and Balqa Governorates.
Gilead is also the name of three people in the Hebrew Bible, and a common given name for males in modern-day Israel."
Hammam as-Sarah,"Hammam al-Sarah is an Umayyad bathhouse (hammam) in Jordan, built in connection with the complex of Qasr al-Hallabat, which stands some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the west.
 Along with examples in the other desert castles of Jordan, it is one of the oldest surviving remains of a Muslim bathhouse."
Island of Peace,"The Island of Peace, or Al-Baqoura as it is known in Jordan, is an area in northern Jordan bordering the Jordan River. The park is at the confluence of the Jordan River and Yarmouk River. Pinhas Rutenberg's Naharayim hydroelectric power station can be seen from here.
The 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty recognized the area to be under Jordanian sovereignty but leased Israeli landowners freedom of entry. The 25-year renewable lease ended in 2019. The treaty gives Jordan the right to end the lease on one condition—that a one-year prior notice is given, which the Jordanian government did, by an announcement made in October 2018.On 10 November 2019, Jordan reclaimed full control of the area, with King Abdullah II stating that Jordan was asserting ""full sovereignty over every inch of those lands""."
Jordan River,"The Jordan River or River Jordan (Arabic: نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; Hebrew: נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn; Classical Syriac: ܢܗܪܐ ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ Nahrāʾ Yurdnan), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (Arabic: نهر الشريعة), is a 251-kilometre-long (156 mi) river in the Middle East that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: כנרת Kinneret, Arabic: Bohayrat Tabaraya, meaning Lake of Tiberias) and on to the Dead Sea. Jordan and the Golan Heights border the river to the east, while the West Bank and Israel lie to its west. Both Jordan and the West Bank take their names from the river.
The river holds major significance in Judaism and Christianity. According to the Bible, the Israelites crossed it into the Promised Land and Jesus of Nazareth was baptized by John the Baptist in it."
Jordan Tourism Development Project,"The first USAID funded Jordan Tourism Development Project ran for three years (2005–2008) providing technical assistance, training and other services to help Jordan implement its National Tourism Strategy designed to double tourism receipts by 2010. It promoted Jordan’s competitiveness as an international tourism destination by establishing a strong institutional and regulatory framework that promoted private-sector investment, stimulates tourism growth and preserves national tourism assets and the environment. 
The project's aim was also to assists private investors to develop new and comprehensive products and services across the tourism value chain. It is increasing awareness among Jordanians about the importance of the tourism sector, and aims to position the industry as the employer of choice.
The project has continued past 2008 with funding for the second Jordan Tourism Development Project dubbed Siyaha. This second project is a $28 million, five-year (2008–2013) that is working to further improve Jordan’s competitiveness as an international tourism destination. The project works in partnership with the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities on such initiatives as developing a new national hotel classification system, improving tourism research and destination marketing, enhancing ecotourism, developing better handicrafts and upgrading vocational training in tourism. The USAID/Jordan Tourism Development Project II  is supporting the ministry in developing tourist sites by upgrading archaeological site management, interpretation and investment promotion at key sites, especially Petra and the Amman Citadel."
Kerak Castle,"Kerak Castle (Arabic: قلعة الكرك, romanized: Qal'at al-Karak) is a large medieval castle located in al-Karak, Jordan. It is one of the largest castles in the Levant. Construction began in the 1140s, under Pagan and Fulk, King of Jerusalem. The Crusaders called it Crac des Moabites or ""Karak in Moab"", as it is referred to in history books. It was also colloquially referred to as Krak of the Desert.

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King Hussein Mosque,"King Hussein Bin Talal Mosque, better known as the King Hussein Mosque, is the largest mosque in Jordan. Not to be confused with the 1924 Grand Al-Husseini Mosque, also known as King Hussein Mosque, in Downtown Amman.
King Hussein Mosque was built in 2005 in the reign of King Abdullah II in West Amman, specifically in Al Hussein Public Parks at King Abdullah II Street near King Hussein Medical Center. The mosque is located at an altitude of 1,013 metres (3,323 ft) above sea level and can thus be seen from most parts of Amman. It is square and features four minarets and marble floors.In 2012, King Abdullah opened the Museum of the Prophet (Arabic: متحف الرسول, Matḥaf ar-Rusūl), which houses a number of relics associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad."
Mecca Mall,"Mecca Mall (Arabic: مكة مول) is a shopping mall in Amman, Jordan. Its name is derived from its location on Mecca Street."
Montreal (castle),"Montreal (Arabic: مونتريال; Latin: Mons Regalis, Mont Real), or Qal'at ash-Shawbak (قلعة الشوبك) in Arabic, is a castle built by the Crusaders and expanded by the Mamluks, on the eastern side of the Arabah Valley, perched on the side of a rocky, conical mountain, looking out over fruit orchards below. The ruins are located next to the modern town of Shoubak in Jordan."
Movenpick Dead Sea Spa and Resort,"The Mövenpick Dead Sea Spa and Resort is a luxury resort hotel on the shore of the Dead Sea, the lowest location on Earth. It was opened in 1999 by Zara Investment Holding, Jordan's largest operator of five-star hotels. Condé Nast has classified it as the best resort in Jordan and one of the best in the Middle East for several years.The resort is one of the largest in the Middle East. It is known for providing premium therapeutic services using the natural products of the Dead Sea, which are believed to have curative properties. It has 346 rooms and many other amenities, including swimming pools, a fitness centre, a children's club, nine restaurants, and a spa. The hotel, Green Globe certified since 2014, is one of the first in the region to utilize environmentally-friendly solar heating systems."
Mövenpick Resort Petra,"Mövenpick Resort Petra is located at the entrance of historic Petra in Wadi Musa in Jordan. It is about 110 km from King Hussein International Airport and 200 km from Queen Alia International Airport. The resort was opened in 1996 and is classified a 5-star hotel.
The hotel features an oriental-Islamic architecture style, where natural stones and hand-crafted woodwork is merged. Islamic architecture is noticed in the interior designs. The hotel includes 183 rooms and suites and 7 restaurants. The architect was Rasem Badran."
Mount Nebo,"Mount Nebo (Hebrew: הַר נְבוֹ‎, romanized: Har Nəḇō; Arabic: جَبَل نِيبُو, romanized: Jabal Nībū) is an elevated ridge located in Jordan, approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft) above sea level. Part of the Abarim mountain range, Mount Nebo is mentioned in the Bible as the place where Moses was granted a view of the Promised Land before his death. The view from the summit provides a panorama of the West Bank across the Jordan River valley. The city of Jericho is usually visible from the summit, as is Jerusalem on a very clear day. The biblical town of Nebo, now known as Khirbet al-Mukhayyat, is located 3.5 km away.
The mountain was named after the scribal god Nabu."
New Abdali,"New Abdali is an area in the Al-Abdali district in Amman, Jordan. Its development plan, launched in 2005, consisting of hotels, apartments, offices, commercial outlets and entertainment to be developed on 384,000 square metres (0.148 sq mi) of land, intending to create a total built-up area of over 2,000,000 square metres (0.77 sq mi). The area already hosts and will further host nearly all of the tallest buildings in Amman, including the current two tallest completed buildings of Amman which are Amman Rotana and W Amman. 
The first phase of the project is nearly complete with the second phase being still on hold."
Petra,"Petra (Arabic: ٱلْبَتْراء, romanized: Al-Batraʾ; Ancient Greek: Πέτρα, ""Rock""), originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu or Raqēmō (Nabataean: 𐢛𐢚𐢓𐢈‎ *Raqēmō) is a historic and archaeological city in southern Jordan. It is adjacent to the mountain of Jabal Al-Madbah, in a basin surrounded by mountains forming the eastern flank of the Arabah valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. The area around Petra has been inhabited from as early as 7000 BC, and the Nabataeans might have settled in what would become the capital city of their kingdom as early as the 4th century BC. Archaeological work has only discovered evidence of Nabataean presence dating back to the second century BC, by which time Petra had become their capital. The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who invested in Petra's proximity to the incense trade routes by establishing it as a major regional trading hub.The trading business gained the Nabataeans considerable revenue and Petra became the focus of their wealth. Unlike their enemies, the Nabataeans were accustomed to living in the barren deserts and were able to repel attacks by taking advantage of the area's mountainous terrain. They were particularly skillful in harvesting rainwater, agriculture, and stone carving. Petra flourished in the 1st century AD, when its Al-Khazneh structure – believed to be the mausoleum of Nabataean king Aretas IV – was constructed, and its population peaked at an estimated 20,000 inhabitants.Although the Nabataean kingdom became a client state of the Roman Empire in the first century BC, it was only in 106 AD that it lost its independence. Petra fell to the Romans, who annexed Nabataea and renamed it as Arabia Petraea. Petra's importance declined as sea trade routes emerged, and after an earthquake in 363 destroyed many structures. In the Byzantine era, several Christian churches were built, but the city continued to decline and, by the early Islamic era, it was abandoned except for a handful of nomads. It remained unknown to the western world until 1812, when Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt rediscovered it.Access to the city is through a 1.2-kilometre-long (3⁄4 mi) gorge called the Siq, which leads directly to the Khazneh. Famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system, Petra is also called the ""Rose City"" because of the colour of the stone from which it is carved. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. UNESCO has described Petra as ""one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage"". In 2007, Petra was voted one of the New 7 Wonders of the World. Petra is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited tourist attraction. Tourist numbers peaked at 1.1 million in 2019, marking the first time that the figure rose above the 1 million mark. Tourism in the historical city was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, but soon after started to pick up again, reaching 905,000 visitors in 2022."
Qasr al-Hallabat,"Qasr al-Hallabat (Arabic: قصر الحلابات) is an Umayyad desert castle, with the associated bath house of Hammam as-Sarah east of it. The nearby modern town, named after the castle, is part of the Zarqa Governorate of north-western Jordan, north-east of the capital of Amman."
Qasr Al-Mshatta,"Qasr Mushatta (Arabic: قصر المشتى, ""Winter Palace"") is the ruin of an Umayyad winter palace, probably commissioned by Caliph Al-Walid II during his brief reign (743-744). The ruins are located approximately 30 km south of Amman, Jordan, north of Queen Alia International Airport, and are part of a string of castles, palaces and caravanserais known collectively in Jordan and the wider Southern Levant region as the Desert Castles. Though much of the ruins can still be found in situ, the most striking feature of the palace, its facade, has been removed and is on display at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. The complex was never completed."
Qasr Azraq,"Qasr al-Azraq (Arabic: قصر الأزرق, ""Blue Fortress"") is a large fortress located in present-day eastern Jordan. It is one of the desert castles,  located on the outskirts of present-day Azraq, roughly 100 km (62 mi) east of Amman.
Its strategic value came from the nearby oasis, the only water source in a vast desert region. The name of the fortress and associated town came from these. The settlement was known in antiquity as Basie and the Romans were the first to make military use of the site, and later an early mosque was built in the middle. It did not assume its present form until an extensive renovation and expansion by the Ayyubids in the 13th century, using locally quarried basalt which makes the castle darker than most other buildings in the area.
Later, it would be used by the Ottoman armies during that empire's hegemony over the region. During the Arab Revolt, T.E. Lawrence based his operations here in 1917–18, an experience he wrote about in his book Seven Pillars of Wisdom. The connection to ""Lawrence of Arabia"" has been one of the castle's major draws for tourists."
Qasr Kharana,"Qasr Harrana (Arabic: قصر حرّانة), sometimes Qasr al-Kharana, Harana, Qasr al-Harrana, Qasr al-Haranah, Haraneh, Khauranee, or Hraneh, is one of the best-known of the desert castles located in present-day eastern Jordan, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Amman and relatively close to the border with Saudi Arabia. It is uncertain when the palace was constructed, but it likely orginates from the Umayyad Dynasty. An inscription on an upper wall dates the building to before 710 CE. A Greek or Byzantine house may have existed on the site. The purpose of the building is a subject of debate among scholars. Theories as to the qasr's purpose include a Crusader's castle, a military stronghold, agricultural outpost, and resting place for caravan travelers. The current scholarly consensus is that the building was used as for meeting between local Bedouin leaders."
Qusayr 'Amra,"Qusayr 'Amra or Quseir Amra, lit. ""small qasr of 'Amra"", sometimes also named Qasr Amra (قصر عمرة / ALA-LC: Qaṣr ‘Amrah), is the best-known of the desert castles located in present-day eastern Jordan. It was built some time between 723 and 743, by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad caliph Walid II, whose dominance of the region was rising at the time. It is considered one of the most important examples of early Islamic art and architecture.
The building is actually the remnant of a larger complex that included an actual castle, meant as a royal retreat, without any military function, of which only the foundation remains. What stands today is a small country cabin. It is most notable for the frescoes that remain mainly on the ceilings inside, which depict, among others, a group of rulers, hunting scenes, dancing scenes containing naked women, working craftsmen, the recently discovered ""cycle of Jonah"", and, above one bath chamber, the first known representation of heaven on a hemispherical surface, where the mirror-image of the constellations is accompanied by the figures of the zodiac.  This has led to the designation of Qusayr 'Amra as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The bathhouse is also, along with examples in the other desert castles of Jordan, one of the oldest surviving remains of a hammam in the historic Muslim world.That status, and its location along Jordan's major east–west highway, relatively close to Amman, have made it a frequent tourist destination."
Sahabi Tree,"Sahabi Tree, Tree of Al Buqayawiyya (The Blessed Tree) (Arabic شجرالمبارکہ) is a 1500 year old tree located in Safawi, Jordan. 156 km from Amman, the capital of Jordan.
The tree is a Atlantic Pistachio tree. It is located on the old trade route between Mecca and Damascus. Caravans used to travel by this route."
Saraya Aqaba,"“Saraya Aqaba” is a Jordanian private shareholding company, whose founding shareholders include Saraya Jordan, Jordan’s Social Security Corporation, Aqaba Development Corporation, and Arab Bank plc. Saraya Aqaba will implement the US$1 billion “Saraya Aqaba Project”, a tourism and leisure destination, with a mixed-use themed development. Situated on the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba, the construction of the Saraya Aqaba Project and its man-made lagoon will add approximately 1.5 km of beachfront to the city of Aqaba."
Siq,"The Siq (Arabic: السيق, transliterated al-Sīq, transcribed as-Sīq, literally 'the Shaft') is the main entrance to the ancient Nabatean city of Petra in southern Jordan.  Also known as Siqit, it is a dim, narrow gorge (in some points no more than 3 metres (10 ft) wide) and winds its way approximately 1.2 kilometres (3⁄4 mi) and ends at Petra's most elaborate ruin, Al Khazneh (the Treasury).  A wide valley outside leading to the Siq is known as the Bab as-Sīq (Gateway to the Siq)."
Tell Mar Elias,"Tell Mar Elias is a tell, i. e. an archaeological mound, located slightly outside the town limits and northwest of Ajloun in the Ajloun Governorate, northern Jordan, in the historical region of Gilead. ""Elias"" is the Latin and Arabic form for Elijah, the prophet whom the Hebrew Bible's  1 Kings calls ""the Tishbite"" (1 Kings 17: 1), which can be interpreted to mean that he lived, or was even born, in a town named  Tishbe. The ruins of the historical town of Listib (""el-Ishtib"" or ""el-Istib"" in Arabic) have been traditionally identified with Tishbe, and are located just across a valley from  the tell. The ruins of a Byzantine monastery dedicated to prophet Elijah and including two churches can be seen on the tell."
Tomb of Aaron (Jordan),"The Tomb of Aaron is the name of the supposed burial place of Aaron, the brother of Moses, according to Jewish, Christian, and local Muslim tradition.
There are two different places named in the Torah as Aaron's place of death and burial, Mount Hor and Moseroth (Mosera), and there are different interpretations for the location of each of the two. Jews have considered the mountain near Petra now known in Arabic as Jebel Harun as biblical Mount Hor at least since the time of Josephus (see Antiquities of the Jews IV:IV,7). Christians have adopted this identification since the Byzantine period and have built at the time a monastery acting as a pilgrimage centre there. The local Muslim tradition places Aaron's tomb at the same site, although there is at least one other local tradition locating it in Sinai. There used to be a rich repertoire of general and local Muslim legends regarding Aaron's tomb.This article deals only with the site near Petra in southern Jordan."
Tourism in Jordan,"Jordan is a sovereign Arab state in the Middle East. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre.
Major tourist attractions in Jordan include UNESCO World Heritage Sites such as Petra and Umm ar-Rasas, ancient cities such as Amman, Aqaba, Madaba and Jerash, the Jordan River, the Dead Sea, Mount Nebo, and locations such as Wadi Rum and the Jordanian Highlands. Other opportunities include shopping, pop-culture tourism, medical tourism, educational and cultural tourism, hiking, snorkeling and scuba diving among the coral reefs in the Gulf of Aqaba.
In 2017, Jordan recorded more than 3.8 million tourists."
Umm ar-Rasas,"Umm ar-Rasas (Arabic: أم الرّصاص), ancient name: Kastron Mefa'a, is located 30 km southeast of Madaba in the Amman Governorate in central Jordan. It was once accessible by branches of the King's Highway, and is situated in the semi-arid steppe region of the Jordanian Desert. The site has been associated with the biblical settlement of Mephaat mentioned in the Book of Jeremiah. The Roman military utilized the site as a strategic garrison, but it was later converted and inhabited by Christian and Islamic communities. In 2004, the site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is valued by archaeologists for its extensive ruins dating to the Roman, Byzantine, and early Muslim periods. The Franciscan academic society in Jerusalem, Studium Biblicum Franciscanum (SBF), carried out excavations at the north end of the site in 1986, but much of the area remains buried under debris."
Umm el-Jimal,"Umm el-Jimal (Arabic: ام الجمال, ""Mother of Camels""), also known as Umm ej Jemāl, Umm al-Jimal or Umm idj-Djimal, is a village in Northern Jordan approximately 17 kilometers east of Mafraq. It is primarily notable for the substantial ruins of a Byzantine and early Islamic town which are clearly visible above the ground, as well as an older Roman village (locally referred to as al-Herri) located to the southwest of the Byzantine ruins."
Tourism in Kazakhstan,"Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country by area and the largest landlocked country. Tourism is not a major component of the economy. As of 2014, tourism has accounted for 0.3% of Kazakhstan GDP, but the government had plans to increase it to 3% by 2020.According to the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017, travel and tourism industry GDP in Kazakhstan is $3.08 billion or 1.6 percent of total GDP. The WEF ranks Kazakhstan 81st in its 2017 report, which is four positions higher compared to the previous period. Kazakhstan received 6.5 million tourists in 2016."
Tourism in Kenya,"Tourism in Kenya is the third largest source of foreign exchange revenue, following Diaspora remittances and agriculture. The Kenya Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information about tourism in Kenya."
Kiongwe,"Kiongwe is a settlement in Kenya's Coast Province. Lying on the shore of the Indian Ocean it serves as the popular coastal tourism centre. The settlement has a population of 845 as per the 2015 census.
Kiongwe is one of Kenya's oldest continually inhabited settlements, and was one of the original Swahili settlements along coastal East Africa. Kiongwe is a popular resort because of its marvelous Indian Ocean beaches, wildlife and at same time it is a destination for backpackers in search of an 'authentic' experience."
Ngomongo Villages,"Ngomongo Villages is a well-known sustainable eco-cultural tourist village in Mombasa, Kenya, which is situated 4° south of the equator. It is situated in a former coral limestone quarry, and the aim of its rehabilitation was to convert it into a sustainable development, while turning it into hospitable land with utility to community, while eliminating its hazards and improving the ecosystem.
The legacy of the former mine was a sun baked, arid, barren and rocky base, the floor of which was barely 150 cm (4.9 ft) above the somewhat salty water table. Dr. Frederick Gikandi, a local medical doctor started single-handedly to reclaim the quarry by planting 16,000 m2 (4 acres) of eighty different indigenous trees; casuarina trees later followed which were easier to cultivate. Public awareness to tree planting was raised by inviting the public to join in the reclamation process.
To date, Ngomongo is fanning out its reclamation exercises to the surrounding farms by recruiting the local farmers into planting trees to mark out their farm borders. The ultimate plan is to fan out the success locally, regionally and then nationally."
Killing of Julie Ward,"Julie Ward was a British woman who was killed whilst on safari in the Masai Mara game reserve in Kenya in September 1988. The subsequent investigation into her death was notable for the campaign by her father, John Ward — firstly to persuade the Kenyan authorities to recognise that his daughter was murdered, and secondly to try to identify the killer or killers. Three people were charged with her murder, although none have been convicted."
Wildlife of Kenya,"The wildlife of Kenya refers to its fauna. The diversity of Kenya's wildlife has garnered international fame, especially for its populations of large mammals. Mammal species include lion (Panthera leo), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), wildebeest (Connochaetes), African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), zebra (Equus), giraffe (Giraffa), and rhinoceros. Kenya has a very diverse population of birds, including flamingo and common ostrich (Struthio camelus)."
Tourism in North Korea,"Tourism in North Korea is tightly controlled by the North Korean government. All tourism is organized by one of several state-owned tourism bureaus, including Korea International Travel Company (KITC), Korean International Sports Travel Company (KISTC), Korean International Taekwondo Tourism Company (KITTC) and Korean International Youth Travel Company (KIYTC). The majority of tourists are Chinese nationals:
one 2019 estimate indicated that up to 120,000 Chinese tourists had visited North Korea in the previous year, compared to fewer than 5,000 from Western countries.In response to the threats posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea, North Korea closed its borders to foreign tourists on 22 January 2020. As of 8 April 2021, tourism has not been allowed to resume and the economic losses are estimated to be at least US$175 million."
Koryo Tours,"Koryo Tours is an independent Western travel company based in Beijing, specializing in group and independent tourism to North Korea.Their tours run throughout the year covering budget to exclusive trips. There are packages for staying in the capital Pyongyang with visits to the DMZ at the border with the Republic of Korea. At different times of year there are other events such as the Mass Games and the Pyongyang International Film Festival which are available as special tours when they are running."
Mount Kumgang,"Mount Kumgang (Korean: 금강산; RR: Geumgangsan; MR: Kŭmgangsan; lit. Diamond Mountain) or the Kumgang Mountains is a mountain massif, with a 1,638-metre-high (5,374 ft) peak, in Kangwon-do, North Korea. It is located on the east coast of the country, in Mount Kumgang Tourist Region, formerly part of Kangwŏn Province, and is part of the Taebaek mountain range which runs along the east of the Korean Peninsula. The mountain is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the South Korean city of Sokcho in Gangwon-do."
Mount Kumgang Tourist Region,"The Mount Kumgang Tourist Region is a special administrative region of North Korea. It is geographically coterminous with Kumgang County, Kangwon Province. It was established in 2002 to handle South Korean tourist traffic to Mount Kumgang (Diamond Mountain). It was one of the symbols of the South Korean Sunshine Policy."
Paektu Mountain,"Paektu Mountain (Korean: 백두산) or Baekdu Mountain is an active stratovolcano on the Chinese–North Korean border. It is called in Chinese Changbai Mountain (Chinese: 长白山) and in Manchu Golmin Šanggiyan Alin (Manchu: ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ). At 2,744 m (9,003 ft), it is the tallest mountain in North Korea and Northeast China and the tallest mountain of the Baekdu-daegan and Changbai mountain ranges. The mountain notably has a caldera that contains a large crater lake called Heaven Lake, and is also the source of the Songhua, Tumen, and Yalu rivers. Korean and Manchu people assign a mythical quality to the mountain and its lake, and consider the mountain to be their ancestral homeland.
The mountain's caldera was formed by an eruption in 946 that released about 100–120 km3 (24–29 cu mi) of tephra. The eruption was among the largest and most powerful eruptions on Earth in the last 5,000 years. The volcano last erupted in 1903, and is expected to erupt around every hundred years. In the 2010s, concerns over an upcoming eruption prompted several countries to commission research into when the volcano might next erupt.The mountain is considered culturally important to multiple groups in the area, including Korean, Chinese, and Manchu people. The mountain is a major national symbol for both North and South Korea, and is mentioned in both national anthems and depicted on the national emblem of North Korea. The Manchu people also consider the mountain their ancestral homeland, and the Chinese Qing dynasty saw it as a symbol of imperial power. The mountain has also been subject to territorial disputes over the past few centuries that have continued into the present."
Songam Cavern,"Songam Cavern is a major tourist venue in North Korea.  It consists of 17 well-lit karst caves full of picturesque stone formations including stalactites and stalagmites.  The cavern is located in Kaech'ŏn-si, South Pyongan Province.
Among the 70 scenic sites within the caverns are the flower gate (Kkotmun Dong), a waterfall (Phokpho Dong), an underground snowscape (Solgyong Dong) and a series of geological curiosities named Kiam Dong.
The venue is lighted and air conditioned.  International tourism to the site is administered through the Korea International Travel Agency in Pyongyang."
State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance,"State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance (formerly State General Bureau of Tourism; Korean: 국가관광총국) is a North Korean state agency that organizes tourism in North Korea. Foreign tour operators have to work closely with the bureau; its staff accompanies all tours of foreigners.The bureau was founded on 15 May 1986. It was renamed State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance in January 1990. It is based in the Central District of Pyongyang. Its president is Ryo Sung-chol. State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance has been a member of the World Tourism Organization since September 1987 and the Pacific Asia Travel Association since April 1995.By and large, the North Korean tourism industry is overseen by Room 39, the organization in charge of North Korea's slush funds. Room 39 guides the State General Bureau of Tourism, which in turn ""manages the earnings and maintains surveillance over the tourists, ensuring they are contained within specifically designated areas."""
Ullim Falls,"Ullim Falls  ( 울림 폭포 ) is a waterfall located outside of Wŏnsan, North Korea."
Tourism in South Korea,"Tourism in South Korea refers to the tourist industry in the Republic of Korea. In 2012, 11.1 million foreign tourists visited South Korea, making it the 20th most visited country in the world, and the 5th most visited in Asia.  Most non-Korean tourists come from other parts of East Asia such as Japan, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The recent popularity of Korean popular culture, often known as the ""Korean Wave"", in these countries has increased tourist arrivals. Seoul is the principal tourist destination for visitors; popular tourist destinations outside of Seoul include the major coastal city of Busan, the Seorak-san national park, the historic city of Gyeongju and subtropical Jeju Island. Traveling to North Korea is not normally possible without a special permission.

"
Gamcheon Culture Village,"Gamcheon Culture Village (Korean: 감천문화마을; Hanja: 甘川文化마을) is a town within Gamcheon-dong, Saha District, Busan, South Korea. The area is known for its layered streets, twisted labyrinth-like alleys, and brightly painted houses, which have been restored and enhanced in recent years to attract tourism. Built on a steep mountain-side slope, the village has been nicknamed ""Korea's Santorini"" and the ""Machu Picchu of Busan""."
Gangchon Recreation Area,"The Gangchon Recreation Area is a South Korean recreational area between Chuncheon-si and Gapyeong-gun. It is in Gangchon-ri, Namsan-Myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon."
Korea Tourism College,"Korea Tourism College is a college located in Icheon, South Korea."
Korea Tourism Organization,"The Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) is an organization of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. It is commissioned to promote the country's tourism industry.
The KTO was established in 1962 as a government-invested corporation responsible for the South Korean tourism industry according to the International Tourism Corporation Act. The organization promotes Korea as a tourist destination to attract foreign tourists. Starting in the 1980s, domestic tourism promotion also became a function of the KTO.
Inbound visitors totaled over 6 million in 2006 and the tourism industry is said to be one of the factors that has some influence on the Korean economy."
Medical tourism in South Korea,"South Korea attracted more than 2.76 million foreign patients as of 2019, since the attraction of international patients began in 2009. Among many reasons for the increasing number of patients, there are benefits such as reasonable medical costs, high quality medical services, short waiting times, and tourism packages combining relaxation and tourism."
Seoul Convention Bureau,"The Seoul Convention Bureau, or SCB, exists to promote Seoul to the global leisure travel convention and Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions (MICE) industries.
The SCB works in partnership with the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the Seoul Tourism Organization, the Korea Tourism Organization, the Seoul MICE Alliance as well as other related tourism organizations in Seoul. Employing incentive programs to draw major international gatherings to Seoul, SCB promotes a broad spectrum of activities, known as MICE business.The SCB assists meeting and event planners with coordination of event and meetings such as site inspections, bidding proposals, transportation, tourism related activities and provides volunteers as well as financial support."
Seoul Tourism Awards,The Seoul Tourism Awards event was established in South Korea by the Seoul Metropolitan Government in 2008 to showcase Seoul as a tourist destination and to recognize the contributions of individual members and companies of the travel industry in developing Asia Pacific tourism.
Tourism in Gyeongju,"Tourism in Gyeongju is a major industry and defining feature of Gyeongju, South Korea. Gyeongju is a major cultural site and tourist destination for South Koreans and foreigners with about 8 to 9 million visitors annually. A great deal of this is due to the city's status as a center of Silla heritage, derived from its former role as the capital of that ancient kingdom."
Wollyu-bong,"Wollyu-bong(Hangul:월류봉) is located in Wonchon-ri, Hwanggan-myeon, Yeongdong County, Chungbuk, South Korea.
The height of the peak is 407m and one of the 8 Scenic Sites of Hancheon(한천팔경)
It was named Wollyu, meaning a 'peak where the moon stops,' as a way to describe the beautiful view of the moonlight shining upon the cliff.
The 8 picturesque places on Wollyu Peak, which seems to have been sculpted and erected in Wonchon-ri, Hwanggan-myeon, are referred to as the 8 scenic sites of Hancheon."
Tourism in Kosovo,"Tourism in Kosovo is characterized by archaeological heritage from Illyrian, Dardanian, Roman, Byzantine, Serbian and Ottoman times, traditional Albanian and Serbian cuisine, architecture, religious heritage, traditions, and natural landscapes. Kosovo is situated in south-eastern Europe. With its central position in the Balkans, it serves as a link in the connection between central and south Europe, the Adriatic Sea, and Black Sea. 
The New York Times included Kosovo on the list of 41 Places to go in 2011. In the same year, Kosovo saw a jump of about 40 places on the Skyscanner flight search engine which rates global tourism growth.Kosovo's monuments are classified as common property for which the society is responsible to maintain them in order to transmit their authenticity to future generations.Kosovo has a variety of natural features. It is surrounded by mountains: the Sharr Mountains are located in the south and southeast, bordering North Macedonia, while the Kopaonik Mountains rise in the north. The southwest borders with Montenegro and Albania are also mountainous, and home to the country's highest peak, Gjeravica, 2,656 m (8,714 ft) high. The central region is mainly hilly, but two large plains spread over Kosovo's west and east, respectively, Metohija plain and Kosovo plain.The bulk of international tourists going to Kosovo are from Albania, Germany, Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom, Croatia and Austria. Tourism is a growing sector with more tourists visiting every year."
Banja of Peja,"Banja of Peja (Albanian: Banja e Pejës, Serbian Cyrillic: Пећка Бања) is a township located in the municipality of Istog, Kosovo. To many people it is known by the name Ilixhe. It is a tourist health center with services in Istog and in the region, offering quality for inhabitation, highly developed infrastructure and services."
Brezovica ski resort,"Brezovica ski resort or Brezovica ski center (Albanian: Qendra e Skijimit Brezovicë, Serbian: Ски центар Брезовица, Ski centar Brezovica), is a mountain resort and the largest center of winter tourism in Kosovo. Located on the slopes of Šar Mountains, it is mainly a destination for skiing and snowboarding. In the summer, eco-tourism opportunities include hiking, mountain biking, golf, and other outdoor recreational activities. Hiking paths can lead the visitors to the nearby Livadh Lake."
Economy of Gjilan,"The municipality of Gjilan is in the Anamorava microregion of Kosovo, and has 42 villages. Due to the overall increase in economic development, Gjilan has become a known administrative, commercial and industrial region. The territory of Gjilan's municipality currently has an area of 391 km with approximately 130,000 residents. The entire territory owns about 24,230 hectares of farmland, from which 18,224 hectares are considered to be agricultural land capable of producing a variety of traditional crops.  Gjilan is well positioned geographically as an administrative unit. Automobile highways roads permit good communication and movement of goods and people, connecting it with Prishtina, Vitia, Ferizaj, Kamenica, Bujanovac, and other centers of Kosovo. Thus, Gjilan has an important strategic center capable of having an impact in the region. Natural resources in the region have been exploited since the Middle Ages. Notable resources include potassium, magnesium, and the thermal mineral water, or hot springs."
Hiking in Kosovo,"Hiking in Kosovo started with establishment of the first hiking association in 1928, and it continued with creation of different association all around the territory which was then part of Yugoslavia. After the Kosovo War a lot was done also by the support of societies such as HikingNjeri, which have worked hard to not only organize activities, but also to expose hiking to the general public via social media.
Hiking as an activity started in its true sense circa 1930, the year in which a group of friends climbed the Gjeravica mountain in Peja. This was the first time that a peak in Kosovo  was climbed (there is no evidence of that). Even though people started to show interest shortly after, many mountains were near border areas and people needed special permission to visit them due to the political issue at the time.
That is the reason why people were able to actually become active hikers only after the war, especially in 2003-2005.
The vast majority of the terrain of Kosovo is mountainous.Central mountains are not sufficiently hard to climb, yet they make a good hiking trail, their height goes from 800–1200 meters. The Mirusha river splits these mountains in two groups. The first one is located in the south-west of central mountains and includes the following: Millanoviq mountains, Gajrak, Zatriq, Bajrak and Gremnik. The second group consists of Crnoljeva, Goleshi, Berisha, Kosmaqi, Drenica, Qyqavica mountains.
Surrounding mountains are located near border areas. They are harder for hiking because of their steep trails and require a lot of experience and agility. Mountains that are in this group are: east ridge mountains of Albanian alps, Hasi mountains, Pashtriku peak, Sharr mountain, Kortnik, east mountains of Gallak, Kopaoniku and Rogozna."
Swiss Diamond Prishtina,"The Swiss Diamond Hotel Prishtina is a luxury five star Hotel in Pristina, Kosovo. It is located on Sheshi Nëna Terezë, the main boulevard in the central district of the city.
The Hotel is internationally awarded with the International Star Diamond Award from the American Academy of Hospitality Sciences for its luxurious ambiance and the personalized services offered."
Art of Kuwait,"The Kuwaiti modern art movement emerged in the 1930s, Kuwait has the oldest modern arts movement in the Arabian Peninsula. Kuwait is home to more than 20 art galleries. In recent years, Kuwait's contemporary art scene has boomed. Kuwait has the second most lively gallery scene in the GCC (after Dubai).The Amiri Diwan recently inaugurated the new Kuwait National Cultural District (KNCD), which comprises Sheikh Abdullah Al Salem Cultural Centre, Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad Cultural Centre, Al Shaheed Park, and Al Salam Palace. With a capital cost of more than US$1 billion, the project is one of the largest cultural investments in the world. In November 2016, the Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad Cultural Centre opened. It is the largest cultural centre in the Middle East. The Kuwait National Cultural District is a member of the Global Cultural Districts Network."
Kuwait Entertainment City,"Kuwait Entertainment City (Arabic: مدينة الكويت الترفيهية) was an amusement park located in the western outskirts of Kuwait City, the capital of Kuwait.  It first opened on 14 March 1984 (1984-03-14) and was run by the Kuwait-based Touristic Enterprises Company.  Some of the park's attractions, such as its large Bolliger & Mabillard inverted roller coaster and its 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railway, are common features in large-scale amusement parks in the United States, but were very rare in amusement parks in the Middle East. On 6 June 2016, the park closed with the aim of being renovated.  In October 2019, it was announced that the Kuwait Entertainment City property will be taken over by Amiri Diwan and transformed into New Entertainment City Kuwait featuring 13 sections, including an indoor theme park envisioned by Ubisoft Entertainment and an indoor snowpark. By October 2020, the old park was fully demolished.
The Amiri Diwan has plans to replace it with the New Entertainment City, currently under construction. The New Entertainment City will include Outdoor Theme Parks, Indoor Theme Parks, Indoor Snow Parks, Water Parks, Aquarium, Dolphinarium, Museum and Planetarium, High Street Rail, a retail mall, Luxury District, Icon Hotel, and Sports and international festival areas. The New Entertainment City is expected to be one of the biggest entertainment venues in Kuwait when the project is complete."
Tourism in Kyrgyzstan,"Although Kyrgyzstan’s mountains and lakes are an attractive tourist destination, the tourism industry has grown very slowly because it has received little investment. In the early 2000s, an average of about 450,000 tourists visited annually, mainly from countries of the former Soviet Union. In 2018, the British Backpacker Society ranked Kyrgyzstan as the fifth best adventure travel destination on earth, stating that the country was an adventure travel secret that is ""bound to get out soon.""Lake Issyk-Kul and the Tian Shan mountains are relatively popular tourist destinations
."
"Ministry of Culture, Information, Sports and Youth Policy (Kyrgyzstan)","The Ministry of Culture, Information, Sports and Youth Policy (Kyrgyz: Маданият, маалымат, спорт жана жаштар саясаты министрлиги, romanized: Madaniyat, maalymat, sport jana jashtar sayasaty ministrligi), previously known as the Ministry of Culture, Information and Tourism of the Kyrgyz Republic, is the ministry in charge of preservation and promotion of Kyrgyzstani culture in the republic and abroad. The ministry has its roots from the Soviet Union's Ministry of Culture, although the current ministry did not succeed directly from the Soviet ministry. Moreover there were no ministries or state committees for tourism in the Soviet Union, because tourists to and from non-communist countries were highly restricted and few in numbers.
The ministry oversees various arts, cultural and historic sites in the republic, they include but are not limited to  cinemas, circus, libraries, monuments, museums, musical institutions, parks, the National Cultural Center, the Philharmonic Hall and theaters. The ministry also oversees and regulates the republic's artists, as well as the education and promotion of Kyrgyz culture."
Tourism in Laos,"Tourism in Laos is governed by a ministry-level government agency, the Lao National Tourism Administration (LNTA)."
Beerlao,"Beerlao (Lao: ເບຍລາວ) is the generic name of a range of beers produced by the Lao Brewery Company (LBC) of Vientiane, Laos."
National Tourism Administration (Laos),"The Lao National Tourism Administration (LNTA) is the government agency responsible for managing, promoting, and developing the tourism industry of Laos. The LNTA is a ministry-level agency, reporting directly to the prime minister's office.As of 2008, the chairman of the LNTA was Somphong Mongkhonvilay. LNTA's headquarters is in Vientiane."
"Viengthong district, Houaphanh","Viengthong district is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park, which protects mountain forests which are home to a number of endangered species. The park headquarters is in the town."
Tourism in Latvia,"Tourism in Latvia is an emerging industry in the nation of Latvia. 2.8 million visitors were recorded in 2018, an increase of 8% compared to 2017. In 2016, tourism contributed 4.5% of Latvia's GVA, and counted for 1.3 million euros in export revenue, and tourism-related industries accounted for 8.5% of total employment, or 77100 jobs in total. This was accompanied by significant growth in the number of hotels and accommodations in Latvia, rising 37% from 607 in 2018 to 831 in 2018, according to a 2020 OECD report.  Most tourists in Latvia come from neighbouring countries, primarily Russia, Germany, and the other two Baltic states, Estonia and Lithuania.  Most tourists stayed in Riga, the national capital. However, domestic tourism has been seeing a decline in Latvia, with less and less Latvians willing to travel abroad.
The Ministry of Economics manages tourism policy in Latvia, as determined by the 1998 Tourism Law, and owns the Investment and Development Agency of Latvia, an organization responsible for enactment of tourism policy in Latvia. The total budget for tourism in Latvia in 2018 was 2.6 million euros, combining funding from the state, the European Regional Development Fund, and from the European Destinations of Excellence programme. In 2014, the Ministry of Economics developed the 2014-20 Tourism Development Guidelines, a plan similar to that of neighbouring Estonia's National Tourism Development Plan (NTDP), and along with the Investment and Development Agency's Tourism Marketing Strategy 2018-23, aim to increase the knowledge of Latvia as a tourist destination and to run tourism in Latvia sustainably, and to better educate the Latvian service sector in tourism management."
Tourism in Lebanon,"The tourism industry in Lebanon has been important to the local economy historically and to this day comprises a major source of revenue for the country. Before the Lebanese Civil War, Beirut was widely regarded as ""The Paris of the Middle East"" or also ""The Pearl of the Middle East"" often cited as a financial and business hub where visitors could experience Levantine Mediterranean culture, cuisine, history, archaeology, and architecture of Lebanon.
From Stone Age settlements to Phoenician city-states, from Roman temples to rock-cut hermitages, from Crusader Castles to Mamluk mosques and Ottoman hammams, the country's historical and archaeological sites are displayed all across the country, reflecting thousands of years of world history. In addition to physical attractions, Lebanon has a long-standing history of cultural tourism. Outsider interest in Lebanese and Levantine culture was especially stirred following the visits of many European orientalists, scholars, and poets, particularly Alphonse de Lamartine, Ernest Renan, and Victor Guérin.Lebanon's diverse atmosphere and ancient history make it an important destination, and the country is slowly rebuilding itself after continued turmoil. Lebanon offers plenty: from ancient Roman ruins, to well-preserved castles, limestone caves, historic Churches and Mosques, beautiful beaches nestled in the Mediterranean Sea, world-renowned Lebanese cuisine, nonstop nightlife and discothèques, to mountainous ski resorts.
Significant private investment is currently being made in the modernization and expansion of the tourism sector, such as in hotels catering to international travelers. Casino du Liban, which historically constituted a major tourist destination, reopened in 1996. The largest ski resort in the country has been expanded and modernized. The Government believes that, because of the return of peace and stability to the country following the civil war, and with the development of the necessary infrastructure, tourism will again contribute significantly to Lebanon's economy. Lebanon's tourism industry also relies on the large number of Lebanese living abroad, who return regularly to the country during the summer season."
Aammiq Wetland,"The Aammiq Wetland (the name is also sometimes transliterated as ""Ammiq""or ""Aamiq"") is the largest remaining freshwater wetland in Lebanon, a remnant of much more extensive marshes and lakes that once existed in the Bekaa Valley. It has been designated an Important Bird Area in the Middle East (BirdLife International, 1994), is included in the Directory of Wetlands in the Middle East (IUCN, 1995), was declared Ramsar Convention site number 978 in 1999, and most recently (2005) was designated, with Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve, a “Biosphere reserve” by UNESCO."
Abraham River,"The Abraham River (Arabic: نَهر إبراهيم, Nahr Ibrahim) also known as Adonis River (نَهر أَدونيس), is a small river in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate in Lebanon, with a length of about 23 km. The river emerges from two sources: The Roueiss grotto in Aaqoura that provides two thirds the flow of Nahr Ibrahim and from a huge cavern, the Afqa Grotto, that provides the third of the flow, nearly 1.5 km above sea level before it drops steeply through a series of falls and passes through a sheer gorge through the mountains. It passes through the town of Nahr Ibrahim before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. The city takes its name from the river (nahr means river in Arabic).
The ancient city of Byblos stood near its outlet and was a site for the veneration of Adonis, the god of love, rebirth, and beauty in Phoenician Mythology. He was said to have been killed near the river by a boar sent by Ares, the god of war (or by Ares himself disguised as a boar, depending on the version). According to the myth, Adonis's blood flowed in the river, making the water reddish for centuries and spawning a carpet of scarlet buttercups along the river's banks. Indeed, the river flows red each February due to the volume of soil washed off the mountains by heavy winter rains, making it appear that the water is filled with bloodDue to the river's mythological connections, it was revered in ancient times and its valley contains the remains of numerous temples and shrines. Even today, local people hang out clothes of sick people at a ruined temple near the river's source hoping to effect cures."
Audi Soap Museum,The Soap Museum (also called the Audi Soap Museum) is a museum in Sidon specialized in Levantine soaps. It is open since 2000 and managed by the Audi Foundation.
Baalbek,"Baalbek (; Arabic: بَعْلَبَكّ, romanized: Baʿlabakk; Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about 67 km (42 mi) northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. In Greek and Roman times, Baalbek was also known as Heliopolis (Ἡλιούπολις, Greek for ""Sun City""). In 1998, Baalbek had a population of 82,608, mostly Shia Muslims, followed by Sunni Muslims and Christians.It is home to the Baalbek temple complex which includes two of the largest and grandest Roman temple ruins: the Temple of Bacchus and the Temple of Jupiter. It was inscribed in 1984 as an UNESCO World Heritage site."
Baalbek Stones,"The Baalbek Stones are six massive Roman worked stone blocks in Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis), Lebanon, characterised by a megalithic gigantism unparallelled in antiquity.
The smallest three are part of a podium wall in the Roman complex of the Temple of Jupiter Baal (Heliopolitan Zeus) on Tel Baalbek and are known as the ""Trilithon"". Each of these is estimated at about 750–800 tonnes (830–880 short tons).
The remaining three are Roman monoliths, not part of a larger structure, conventionally known as the ""Stone of the Pregnant Woman"" (estimated at 1,000 t), the ""Stone of the South"" (est. 1,242 t), and the ""Forgotten Stone"" (est. 1,650 t). These are, in reverse order, the first, third, and tied fifth largest known stones ever quarried in human history. They are believed to have been intended for the nearby Jupiter Baal complex, possibly as an addition to the Trilithon; but, perhaps due to their size, they were never removed from their quarry. They have not been used since their extraction in ancient times.Numerous archaeological expeditions have gone to the site starting in the 19th century, primarily German and French groups, and research has continued into the 21st century."
Baatara gorge waterfall,"The Baatara gorge sinkhole (Baatara gorge waterfall) is a waterfall in the Chatine, Lebanon near Balaa.
The waterfall drops 255 metres (837 ft) into the Balaa Pothole, a cave of Jurassic limestone located on the Lebanon Mountain Trail. The cave is also known as the Cave of the Three Bridges. Traveling from Laklouk to Tannourine one passes the village of Balaa, and the Three Bridges Chasm (in French Gouffre des Trois Ponts) is a five-minute journey into the valley below where one sees three natural bridges, rising one above the other and overhanging a chasm descending into Mount Lebanon. During the spring melt, a 90–100-metre (300–330 ft) cascade falls behind the three bridges and then down into the 240-metre (790 ft) chasm.Discovered to the western world in 1952 by French bio-speleologist Henri Coiffait, the waterfall and accompanying sinkhole were fully mapped in the 1980s by the Spéléo club du Liban. A 1988 fluorescent dye test demonstrated that the water emerged at the spring of Dalleh in Mgharet al-Ghaouaghir (located near Balaa)."
Batroun,"Batroun (Arabic: ٱلْبَتْرُون al-Batrūn; Christian and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: בִתרוֹן  Biṯron ""the Cleft"") is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is the capital city of Batroun District."
Beqaa Valley,"The Beqaa Valley (Arabic: وادي البقاع, Wādī l-Biqā‘, Lebanese [bʔaːʕ]), also transliterated as Bekaa, Biqâ, and Becaa and known in classical antiquity as Coele-Syria, is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon. It is Lebanon's most important farming region. Industry also flourishes in Beqaa, especially that related to agriculture.  
The Beqaa is located about 30 km (19 mi) east of Beirut. The valley is situated between Mount Lebanon to the west and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains to the east. It is the northern continuation of the Jordan Rift Valley, and thus part of the Great Rift Valley, which stretches from Syria to the Red Sea. Beqaa Valley is 120 kilometres (75 mi) long and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) wide on average. It has a Mediterranean climate of wet, often snowy winters and dry, warm summers.
The region receives limited rainfall, particularly in the north, because Mount Lebanon creates a rain shadow that blocks precipitation coming from the sea. The northern section has an average annual rainfall of 230 millimetres (9.1 in), compared to 610 millimetres (24 in) in the central valley. Nevertheless, two rivers originate in the valley: the Orontes (Asi), which flows north into Syria and Turkey, and the Litani, which flows south and then west to the Mediterranean Sea.
From the 1st century BC, when the region was part of the Roman Empire, the Beqaa Valley served as a source of grain for the Roman provinces of the Levant. Today the valley makes up 40 percent of Lebanon's arable land. The northern end of the valley, with its scarce rainfall and less fertile soils, is used primarily as grazing land by pastoral nomads. Farther south, more fertile soils support crops of wheat, maize, cotton, and vegetables, with vineyards and orchards centered on Zahlé. The valley also produces hashish and cultivates opium poppies, which are exported as part of the illegal drug trade. Since 1957 the Litani hydroelectricity project, a series of canals and a dam located at Lake Qaraoun at the southern end of the valley, has improved irrigation to farms in Beqaa Valley."
Le Bristol Hotel Beirut,"Le Bristol was a famous 5 stars luxury hotel located in Verdun, Lebanon at Madame Curie Street, at the heart of Beirut where shopping centres, restaurants and Beirut's business centres are located. It was opened in 1951 and was famous for both its architecture and guests it hosted. The hotel was closed in 2020."
Byblos,"Byblos ( BIB-loss; Greek: Βύβλος), also known as Jbeil or Jubayl (Arabic: جُبَيْل, romanized: Jubayl, locally Jbeil [ʒbeːl]; Phoenician: 𐤂𐤁𐤋, GBL, probably Gebal), is a city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. It is believed to have been first occupied between 8800 and 7000 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. During its history, Byblos was part of numerous civilizations, including Egyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Fatimid, Genoese, Mamluk and Ottoman. The city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.It was in ancient Byblos that the Phoenician alphabet, likely the ancestor of the Greek, Latin and all other Western alphabets, was developed."
Cedars of God,"The Cedars of God (Arabic: أرز الربّ Arz ar-Rabb ""Cedars of the Lord""), located in the Kadisha Valley of Bsharre, Lebanon, are one of the last vestiges of the extensive forests of the Lebanon cedar that thrived across Mount Lebanon in antiquity. All early modern travelers' accounts of the wild cedars appear to refer to the ones in Bsharri; the Christian monks of the monasteries in the Kadisha Valley venerated the trees for centuries. The earliest documented references of the Cedars of God are found in Tablets 4-6 of the great Epic of Gilgamesh, six days walk from Uruk.
The Phoenicians, Israelites, Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Romans, Arabs, and Turks used Lebanese timber. The Egyptians valued their timber for shipbuilding, and in the Ottoman Empire their timber was used to construct railways."
Château Ksara,"Château Ksara is a winery in Beqaa Valley Lebanon. Founded in 1857 by Jesuit priests. Château Ksara developed the first dry wine in Lebanon. Château Ksara wine is most popular in Lebanon, but due to a large Lebanese diaspora all over the world, it can be found and purchased in many different countries. Château Ksara produces approximately 3 million bottles annually. Its wines are exported to over 40 countries. Main export markets include Europe, USA, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Brazil, Africa, Australia and Arab Countries.Between 2005 and 2015, Château Ksara saw the introduction of new grape varieties in the Bekaa valley. Château Ksara has also seen developments in technique such as vines cultivation on wires and the attentive application of advanced science by French oenologists, who watch over the vinification, fermentation and decanting processes.

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Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles,"Qala'at Tarablus in Arabic, is an ancient citadel and fort on a hilltop in Tripoli, Lebanon. Once known as The Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles or Qala'at Sanjil and also as Mons Peregrinus (""Pilgrim's Mountain""), it takes its name from Raymond of Saint-Gilles, a Crusader commander who was a key player in its enlargement. It is a common misconception that he was responsible for its construction when in 1103 he laid siege to the city. In fact in the early 19th century, the citadel was extensively restored and rebuilt by the Ottoman governor of Tripoli Mustafa Agha Barbar and in consequence very little of the original Crusader structure has survived until this day.

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Damour river,"Damour river or (Arabic: نهر الدامور, Nahr Al Damour) is a 37.5-kilometre (23.3 mi) coastal river in the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon. The river's headwaters originate in and around the slopes of the 1943-meter peak Jabal el-Barouk, site of a nature preserve where some of Lebanon's largest and oldest Cedars of Lebanon are found, and flows west through the Jisr Al-Kadi valley, where it receives water from the creeks of the Chouf mountains. The river flows towards the Mediterranean Sea, south of Damour, which is both the largest town on its banks and the one which bears the river's name."
Fortress of Niha,"The Fortress of Niha (also called Cave of Tyron in Frankish sources and Chquif Tayroun in Arabic sources) is an ancient fortress in Lebanon, first mentioned in historical records in 975 AD. It is located in the municipality of Niha Chouf in Lebanon, and is today visited as cultural heritage in the Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve.
Carved into the rock of a cliff overlooking the Bisri and 'Aray valley, the Fortress of Niha overlooks the road between Sidon and the Beqaa valley. It was first mentioned in 975 AD and then again in 1133.  Control over the fortress alternated between the Crusaders and local Muslims until its destruction in 1261. In 1270, the Mamluk leader Baibars ordered it rebuilt. In 1585, the Emir Qorqomaz Maan probably took refuge in it briefly before his death. It is alleged that the Emir Fakhr-al-Din II also found refuge there before he was executed by the Pasha of Damascus in 1635, but it might more probably have been his father Emir Korkomaz, in 1584.Shaped like a cave over a hundred meters deep, the fortress features chambers and rooms which were excavated in order to shelter soldiers and as depots for domestic work. Water resources were provided both by a rain collection system and through a pipe from the 'Ain el-Halquoum spring. It also had a considerable number of silos for storing provisions.
The fortress was well fortified and enclosed in a wall pierced with openings. Several levels of habitations were leaning against the cliff and built using beams which were based on the rock and rested on the cliff wall."
Horsh Ehden,"Horsh Ehden is a Nature Reserve located in North Lebanon. It contains a diverse forest of the cedar of Lebanon, making it a part of the country's cultural and natural heritage. Located on the northwestern slopes of Mount Lebanon with high precipitation, it hosts numerous rare and endemic plants. Stands of cedars also include a mixed forest of juniper, fir, and the country's last protected community of wild apple trees. In the forest are endangered eastern imperial eagles or Bonelli's eagles, gray wolves, wildcats, Golden Jackals, and Red Foxes. Valleys and gorges also have wild orchids, salamanders, mushrooms, and other flora and fauna."
Jeita Grotto,"The Jeita Grotto (Arabic: مغارة جعيتا) is a system of two separate, but interconnected, karstic limestone caves spanning an overall length of nearly 9 kilometres (5.6 mi). The caves are situated in the Nahr al-Kalb valley within the locality of Jeita, 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of the Lebanese capital Beirut. Though inhabited in prehistoric times, the lower cave was not rediscovered until 1836 by Reverend William Thomson; it can only be visited by boat since it channels an underground river that provides fresh drinking water to more than a million Lebanese.
In 1958, Lebanese speleologists discovered the upper galleries 60 metres (200 ft) above the lower cave which have been accommodated with an access tunnel and a series of walkways to enable tourists safe access without disturbing the natural landscape. The upper galleries house the world's largest known stalactite.  The galleries are composed of a series of chambers the largest of which peaks at a height of 12 metres (39 ft).Aside from being a Lebanese national symbol and a top tourist destination, the Jeita grotto plays an important social, economic and cultural role in the country. It was one of top 14 finalists in the New 7 Wonders of Nature competition."
Jieh,"Jieh (or Jiyé, Jiyeh, الجية) is a seaside town in Lebanon with an estimated population of 5000[1], 23 km south of Beirut, in the Chouf district via a 20-minute drive along the Beirut to Sidon highway south of the capital. In Phoenician times it was known as Porphyreon and was a thriving natural seaport, which still functions today. The town is also known for its seven kilometre sandy beach, a rarity along Lebanon's mainly rocky coastline.
The Hebrew prophet Jonah was said to have landed on its shores when he was spat out of the giant fish described in the Old Testament, and a temple was built which stands until today.[2] Many invaders passed through Porphyreon such as Tohomtmos the Egyptian who landed his soldiers on its natural seaport in order to fight the North. Alexander the Great relaxed on its shore preparing for the attack on Tyre. St Peter and St Paul also walked through Jieh several times.[3]In modern times Jieh took some of the harshest blows of the Lebanese Civil War that raged from 1975–1990. Being a coastal town made it vulnerable to the countless numbers of Palestine Liberation Organization raids on the area, as well as Israeli army invasions during the 1980s, [4] but the worst being on January 20, 1976.[5]
During the war years the PSP controlled the seaport at Jieh. In March 1989 General Michel Aoun established a blockade of the port which resulted in artillery exchanges between his forces and a combination of PSP, Amal and the Syrian Army in Beirut and the Chouf. At least 90 people were killed and several hundred wounded.  Jieh is being rebuilt, albeit at a slower pace than the nearby capital city of Beirut."
Mansouri Great Mosque,"The Mansouri Great Mosque or Grand Mansouri Mosque (Arabic: المسجد المنصوري الكبير) is a mosque in Tripoli, Lebanon, also known as the Great Mosque of Tripoli. It was built in the Mamluk period, from 1294 to 1298. This was the first building to be erected in Mamluki Tripoli."
Mseilha Fort,"The Mseilha Fort (Arabic: قلعة المسيلحة, romanized: Qal‘at al-Msaylḥa) is a fortification situated north of the village of Hamat in Lebanon. The current fort was built by Emir Fakhreddine II in the 17th century to guard the route from Tripoli to Beirut. The fort is built on a long, narrow limestone rock near the Nahr el-Jawz River. Its walls are constructed with small sandstone blocks quarried from the nearby coast and built onto the edge of the limestone rock. The thickness of the walls ranges from 1.5 to 2 meters (4 to 6.5 feet). The larger limestone blocks are the only remains of an earlier structure probably built for the same defensive reason."
Nahr al-Kalb,"The Nahr al-Kalb (Arabic: نهر الكلب, meaning Dog River) is a river in Lebanon. It runs for 31 km (19 mi) from a spring in Jeita near the Jeita Grotto to the Mediterranean Sea."
Our Lady of Bzommar,"Our Lady of Bzommar is a Marian shrine in Bzommar (Arabic: بزمار), Lebanon.
Bzommar is situated 36 km northeast of Beirut at an elevation ranging between 920m and 950m above the Mediterranean. It is part of the Caza of Keserwan. Bzoummar is home to a monastery of the Armenian Catholic Church that was built in 1749, where the image of Our Lady of Bzommar is venerated."
Phoenicia Hotel Beirut,"The InterContinental Phoenicia Beirut is a historic 5-star luxury hotel situated in the Minet El Hosn neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon. It is located on Rue Fakhreddine near the Corniche Beirut promenade and walking-distance from Beirut Central District, and a few kilometers from Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport."
Sidon,"Sidon () or Saida (Arabic: صيدا Ṣaydā) is the  third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital, on the Mediterranean coast. Tyre to the south and Lebanese capital Beirut to the north are both about 40 kilometres (25 miles) away. Sidon has a population of about 80,000 within city limits, while its metropolitan area has more than a quarter-million inhabitants."
Sidon Sea Castle,"Sidon's Sea Castle (Arabic: قلعة صيدا البحرية, romanized: Kalaat Saida al-Bahriya) was built by the crusaders in the thirteenth century as a fortress of the holy land. It is one of the most prominent historical sites in the port city of Sidon, Lebanon."
Temple of Bacchus,"The Temple of Bacchus is part of the Baalbek temple complex located in the broad Al-biqā (Bekaa Valley), Lebanon. The temple complex is considered an outstanding archaeological and artistic site of Imperial Roman Architecture and was inscribed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. This monument to Bacchus is one of the best preserved and grandest Roman temple ruins; its age is unknown, but its fine ornamentation can be dated to the second century CE."
Temple of Eshmun,"The Temple of Eshmun (Arabic: معبد أشمون) is an ancient place of worship dedicated to Eshmun, the Phoenician god of healing. It is located near the Awali river, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northeast of Sidon in southwestern Lebanon. The site was occupied from the 7th century BC to the 8th century AD, suggesting an integrated relationship with the nearby city of Sidon. Although originally constructed by Sidonian king Eshmunazar II in the Achaemenid era (c. 529–333 BC) to celebrate the city's recovered wealth and stature, the temple complex was greatly expanded by Bodashtart, Yatonmilk and later monarchs. Because the continued expansion spanned many centuries of alternating independence and foreign hegemony, the sanctuary features a wealth of different architectural and decorative styles and influences.
The sanctuary consists of an esplanade and a grand court limited by a huge limestone terrace wall that supports a monumental podium which was once topped by Eshmun's Greco-Persian style marble temple. The sanctuary features a series of ritual ablution basins fed by canals channeling water from the Asclepius river (modern Awali) and from the sacred ""YDLL"" spring; these installations were used for therapeutic and purificatory purposes that characterize the cult of Eshmun. The sanctuary site has yielded many artifacts of value, especially those inscribed with Phoenician texts, such as the Bodashtart inscriptions and the Eshmun inscription, providing valuable insight into the site's history and that of ancient Sidon.
The Eshmun Temple was improved during the early Roman Empire with a colonnade street, but declined after earthquakes and fell into oblivion as Christianity replaced polytheism and its large limestone blocks were used to build later structures. The temple site was rediscovered in 1900 by local treasure hunters who stirred the curiosity of international scholars. Maurice Dunand, a French archaeologist, thoroughly excavated the site from 1963 until the beginning of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. After the end of the hostilities and the retreat of Israel from Southern Lebanon, the site was rehabilitated and inscribed to the World Heritage Site tentative list."
"Tripoli, Lebanon","Tripoli (Arabic: طرابلس/ALA-LC: Ṭarābulus, Lebanese Arabic: Ṭrablus) is the largest city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country. Situated 81 km (50 mi) north of the capital Beirut, it is the capital of the North Governorate and the Tripoli District. Tripoli overlooks the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and it is the northernmost seaport in Lebanon. It holds a string of four small islands offshore. The Palm Islands were declared a protected area because of their status of haven for endangered loggerhead turtles (Chelona mydas), rare monk seals and migratory birds. Tripoli borders the city of El Mina, the port of the Tripoli District, which it is geographically conjoined with to form the greater Tripoli conurbation.
The history of Tripoli dates back at least to the 14th century BCE. The city is well known for containing the Mansouri Great Mosque and the largest Crusader fortress in Lebanon, the Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles.  It has the second highest concentration of Mamluk architecture after Cairo.
In the Arab World, Tripoli is sometimes known as Ṭarābulus al-Sham (Arabic: طرابلس الشام), or Levantine Tripoli, to distinguish it from its Libyan counterpart, known as Tripoli-of-the-West (Arabic: طرابلس الغرب‎; Ṭarābulus al-Gharb).
With the formation of Lebanon and the 1948 breakup of the Syrian–Lebanese customs union, Tripoli, once on par in economic and commercial importance to Beirut, was cut off from its traditional trade relations with the Syrian hinterland and therefore declined in relative prosperity."
"Tyre, Lebanon","Tyre (; Arabic: صُور, romanized: Ṣūr; Phoenician: 𐤑𐤓, romanized: Ṣūr, Greek: Τύρος, translit. Týros) is a city in Lebanon, one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world, though in medieval times for some centuries by just a tiny population. It was one of the earliest Phoenician metropolises and the legendary birthplace of Europa, her brothers Cadmus and Phoenix, as well as Carthage's founder Dido (Elissa). The city has many ancient sites, including the Tyre Hippodrome, and was added as a whole to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1984. The historian Ernest Renan noted that ""One can call Tyre a city of ruins, built out of ruins"".Today Tyre is the fourth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli, and Sidon. It is the capital of the Tyre District in the South Governorate. There were approximately 200,000 inhabitants in the Tyre urban area in 2016, including many refugees, as the city hosts three of the twelve Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: Burj El Shimali, El Buss, and Rashidieh."
Yammoune,"Yammoune is a lake, nature reserve, village and municipality situated 27 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of Baalbek in Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon. The village has a few hundred inhabitants."
Zahlé,"Zahlé (Arabic: زَحْلة) is the capital and the largest city of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon. With around 150,000 inhabitants, it is the third-largest city in Lebanon after Beirut and Tripoli and the fourth largest taking the whole urban area (the Jounieh urban area is larger).
Zahlé is located 55 km (34 mi) east of the capital Beirut, close to the Beirut-Damascus road, and lies at the junction of the Lebanon mountains and the Beqaa plateau, at a mean elevation of 1,000 m. Zahlé is known as the ""Bride of the Beqaa"" and ""the Neighbor of the Gorge"" for its geographical location and attractiveness, but also as ""the City of Wine and Poetry"". It is famous throughout Lebanon and the region for its pleasant climate, numerous riverside restaurants and quality arak. Its inhabitants are predominantly Melkite Greek Catholic and are known in Arabic as Zahlawi."
Tourism in Lesotho,"Tourism in Lesotho is a growing industry in the country.
In 2013, travel and tourism contributed about 5.5% to the GDP of Lesotho, with this proportion expected to increase to 6.1% of GDP by 2024. The sector employed 25,000 people in 2013, 4.6% of total national employment.Residents of South Africa, which completely surrounds Lesotho, make up over 90% of the visitors to the country. Many trips are to visit friends and family.Various outdoor pursuits form the most popular leisure activities for tourists in the country. The mountainous terrain draws tourists for hiking, pony trekking and skiing, as well as the use of four-wheel drive trails. The Afriski ski resort operates during the winter months.
The most used entry-points into Lesotho include Moshoeshoe I International Airport and the land border crossing points of Maseru and Maputsoe.Tourism in the country is overseen by the Ministry of Tourism, Environment & Culture, based in the capital, Maseru."
Tourism in Liberia,"Tourism forms a small part of the national economy of Liberia. In the past, many tourists visited Liberia, mostly from the United States. Liberia's economy, including the tourist industry, was badly damaged by civil war in the country, and has only just started picking up with the launching of a Tourism Association in the country. Accommodation is now available to tourists, as is Liberia's transport infrastructure. One bright spot is surfing off Robertsport."
Tourism in Libya,"Tourism in Libya is an industry heavily hit by the Libyan Civil War. Before the war tourism was developing, with 149,000 tourists visiting Libya in 2004, rising to 180,000 in 2007, although this still only contributed less than 1% of the country's GDP. There were 1,000,000 day visitors in the same year. The country is best known for its ancient Greek and Roman ruins and Sahara desert landscapes.
Libya is not issuing tourist visas now. Libyan borders with Chad, Niger, Sudan and Algeria are closed. In reality these borders are not controlled by the Government but by Tuareg people and Toubou people.As of 2017, governments of the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Hungary, Latvia, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Norway, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Russia, Denmark, Slovakia, Estonia, Italy, Poland, South Korea, the Republic of China Japan and India advises their citizens against all (or in some cases all but essential) travel to Libya."
Acacus Mountains,"The Acacus Mountains or Tadrart Akakus (Arabic: تدرارت أكاكوس / ALA-LC: Tadrārt Akākūs) form a mountain range in the desert of the Ghat District in western Libya, part of the Sahara. They are situated east of the city of Ghat, Libya, and stretch north from the border with Algeria, about 100 kilometres (62 mi). The area has a particularly rich array of prehistoric rock art."
Archaeological Site of Sabratha,"The archaeological site of Sabratha is an excavated Numidian and later Roman city situed near present-day Sabratha, Libya.It was a Phoenician trading-post that served as an outlet for the products of the African hinterland, and later part of the short-lived Numidian Kingdom of Massinissa before being Romanized and rebuilt in the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D."
"Cyrene, Libya","Cyrene ( sy-REE-nee) or Kyrene ( ky-REE-nee; Ancient Greek: Κυρήνη, romanized: Kyrḗnē, Standard Arabic: شحات, romanized: Shaḥāt), was an ancient Greek and later Roman city near present-day Shahhat, Libya. It was the oldest and most important of the five Greek cities, known as the pentapolis, in the region. It gave eastern Libya the classical name Cyrenaica that it has retained to modern times. Located nearby is the ancient Necropolis of Cyrene. The traditional founder of the city was Battus the Lacedemonian, though the exact relationship between the fledgling city and other cities has led historians to question that narrative. Particularly, the idea that Thera was the sole ""mother city"" is disputed; and the relationship with other cities, such as Sparta and Samian merchants, is unclear.Cyrene lies in a lush valley in the Jebel Akhdar uplands. The city was named after a spring, Kyre, which the Greeks consecrated to Apollo. It became the seat of the Cyrenaics, a famous school of philosophy in the fourth century BC, founded by Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates."
Gasr Al-Hajj,"Gasr Al-Hājj (Arabic: قصر الحاج) is a huge fortified granary of circular shape built in the 7th century AH/13th century AD by Abdallah Abu Jatla (Arabic:عبدالله أبوجطلة). It is located in Libya on the Tripoli-'Aziziya-Al Jawf route in Libya about 130 km from Tripoli. It was built to serve as granary for families from the surrounding area in return for quarter of their crops, which, it is said, the owner had endowed as a waqf for teaching Qur'an and Islamic related subjects to the people of the area. The building originally comprised 114 chambers, which could be the number of the subscribing families during the time of construction. It is also speculated that the number 114 was used symbolically to reflect the number of Sura in the Qur'an, a view widely accepted by villagers in the region nowadays. The number of chambers as of now, is 119, as result of splitting 10 chambers due to inheritance disputes. Other changes include the addition of 29 cellars."
Ghadames,"Ghadames or Ghadamis  (Berber: ʕadémis; Arabic: غدامس, Libyan vernacular: ɣdāməs, Latin: Cidamus, Cydamus, Italian: Gadames) is an oasis Berber town in the Nalut District of the Tripolitania region in northwestern Libya.
The indigenous language of Ghadames is Ghadamès, a Berber language.
Ghadamès, known as 'the pearl of the desert', stands in an oasis. It is one of the oldest pre-Saharan cities and an outstanding example of a traditional settlement. Its domestic architecture is characterized by a vertical division of functions: the ground floor used to store supplies; then another floor for the family, overhanging covered alleys that create what is almost an underground network of passageways; and, at the top, open-air terraces reserved for the women."
Sabratha,"Sabratha (Arabic: صبراتة, romanized: Ṣabrāta; also Sabratah, Siburata), in the Zawiya District of Libya, was the westernmost of the ancient ""three cities"" of Roman Tripolis, alongside Oea and Leptis Magna. From 2001 to 2007 it was the capital of the former Sabratha wa Sorman District. It lies on the Mediterranean coast about 70 km (43 mi) west of modern Tripoli. The extant archaeological site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982."
Tourism in Lithuania,"Lithuania attracts many visitors from neighbouring countries and all over the world. In 2018, 1,7 million foreign visitors arrived to Lithuania for business, family and leisure. Historical legacy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, rich history, architecture, pristine nature, seaside and SPA resorts are the main attraction points of Lithuania. Domestic tourism is also highly popular – in 2018 it grew by 12% percent. Lithuanians also prefer to spend their vacations in Lithuania – 70 percent."
Tourism in Luxembourg,"Tourism in Luxembourg is an important component of the national economy, representing about 8.3% of GDP in 2009 and employing some 25,000 people or 11.7% of the working population. Despite the 2008–2012 global recession, the Grand Duchy still welcomes over 900,000 visitors a year who spend an average of 2.5 nights in hotels, hostels or on camping sites. Business travel is flourishing representing 44% of overnight stays in the country and 60% in the capital, up 11% and 25% between 2009 and 2010. Published by the World Economic Forum in March 2011, the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report puts Luxembourg in 15th place worldwide, up from 23rd place in 2009.Major destinations are historic Luxembourg City, the medieval castle of Vianden, Echternach with its abbey and the wine districts of the Moselle valley. The Mullerthal with its rocky cliffs in the east and the mountainous Oesling district in the Ardennes to the north are also favourites for outdoor enthusiasts.Luxembourg has good road, rail and air connections with the rest of Europe, making it an increasingly popular destination for international meetings as well as for extended weekend stays. Over half the visitors to Luxembourg come from the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany with substantial numbers from France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Camping is popular in Luxembourg, particularly with the Dutch, who camp for much longer than other nationalities, especially in the Ardennes and the Mullerthal."
Buergbrennen,"Buergbrennen is a celebration centred on a huge bonfire which takes place on the first Sunday in Lent in Luxembourg and surrounding areas. In Germany it is called Burgbrennen, in France and Belgium it is known as the dimanche des Brandons. It is based on old traditions representing the end of winter and the coming of spring."
Dancing procession of Echternach,"The dancing procession of Echternach is an annual Roman Catholic dancing procession held at Echternach, in eastern Luxembourg.  Echternach's is the last traditional dancing procession in Europe.
The procession is held every Whit Tuesday. It honours Willibrord, the patron saint of Luxembourg, who established the Abbey of Echternach.  Echternach has developed a strong tourism industry  centred on the procession, which draws many thousands of tourists and pilgrims from around the world. The procession is inscribed in 2010 as hopping procession of Echternach on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity."
Tourism in Madagascar,"Despite a high potential for tourism, tourism in Madagascar is underdeveloped. Madagascar's tourist attractions include its beaches and biodiversity. The island's endemic wildlife and forests are unique tourist attractions. However, historical sites, craftsmen communities, and relaxed cities make it a favorite with return travellers."
Vanilla Islands,"Vanilla Islands (French: Les Îles Vanille) is an affiliation of the islands of Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion (France), Mauritius, Comoros and Mayotte (France) in the Indian Ocean to form a new travel destination brand. The aim of the co-operation that was founded on August 4, 2010 at La Réunion is to pool forces and market the region as a combined tourism destination, rather than market each island individually as was done in the past."
Tourism in Malawi,"Malawi, officially known as the Republic of Malawi, is a country located in southeastern Africa. The country is also referred to as ""The Warm Heart of Africa"", due to the friendliness of the people.Malawi has a variety of tourist attraction sites including Lake Malawi (29,600 km²), several national parks, game reserves, and Mulanje Mountain. The tourism industry in Malawi has significantly grown since the mid-1970s, and the Malawian government is attempting to expand it further. The tourism industry was, however, significantly affected in the 1980s by an economic recession in South Africa—where most Malawian tourists come from. The sector was also greatly affected by the destabilisation of Zimbabwe but it has seen double-digit growth in recent years. Tourism contributed 4.5% to the national GDP in 2014 and provided 3.8% of all jobs."
Tourism in Malaysia,"Tourism in Malaysia is a major industry and contributor to the Malaysian economy.
Malaysia was once ranked 9th in the world for tourist arrivals.  The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 ranks Malaysia 25th out of 141 countries overall.
In an effort to diversify the economy and make Malaysia's economy less dependent on exports, the government pushed to increase tourism in Malaysia. As a result, tourism has become Malaysia's third largest source of foreign exchange income, and accounted for 7% of Malaysia's economy as of 2005.The government agency in charge of promoting tourism in Malaysia is Tourism Malaysia or the Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (MTPB). On 20 May 1987, the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism (MOCAT) was established and TDC moved to this new ministry. TDC existed from 1972 to 1992, when it became the Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (MTPB), through the Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board Act, 1992.
In 1999, Malaysia launched a worldwide marketing campaign called ""Malaysia, Truly Asia"" which was largely successful and brought in over 7.4 million tourists. The extra revenue generated by tourism helped the country's economy during the economic crisis of 2008."
Bukit Bintang,"Bukit Bintang (Malay [ˈbu.ket̚ ˈbin.taŋ]; stylised as Bintang Walk or Starhill, the latter being a translation of the Malay name) is the shopping and entertainment district of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It encompasses Jalan Bukit Bintang (Bukit Bintang Road in English) and its immediate surrounding areas. The area has long been Kuala Lumpur's most prominent retail belt that is home to many landmark shopping centres, al-fresco cafés, bars, night markets, food street, mamak stalls as well as hawker-type eateries. This area is popular among tourists and locals, especially among the youths.
Since June 2021, the local municipal and authority, Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL), has created a Shibuya-style pedestrian crossing at the junction of Bukit Bintang, located in front of the iconic 'Mekdi' Bukit Bintang outlet, just below the KL Monorail Line. This was done to increase the walkability in the area."
Federal Rest House,"Federal Rest House or Rumah Peranginan Persekutuan are the rest houses owned by the Federal Government of Malaysia under Property and Land Management Division of the Prime Minister's Department (Bahagian Pengurusan Hartanah, Jabatan Perdana Menteri). It is served as a government vacation retreat for government sectors."
List of tourist attractions in Johor,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Johor, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Kedah,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Kedah, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Kelantan,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Kelantan, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Malacca,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Malacca, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Malaysia,Popular tourist attractions in Malaysia include the following:
List of tourist attractions in Negeri Sembilan,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Pahang,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Pahang, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Penang,"This is an incomplete list of tourist attractions in Penang, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Perak,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Perak, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Putrajaya,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Putrajaya, Malaysia."
List of tourist attractions in Selangor,"This is the list of tourist attractions in Selangor, Malaysia."
Malaysian Tourist Guides Council,"The Malaysian Tourist Guides Council (MTGC) is a professional guild of Malaysian tour guides.
MTGSC is responsible for the education, licensing, coordination and welfare of tourist guides in Malaysia. It was officially registered on 28 June 1976."
Medical tourism in Malaysia,"According to the Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council (MHTC), Malaysia reportedly received 641,000 foreign patients in 2011, 728,800 in 2012, 881,000 in 2013, 882,000 in 2014, 859,000 in 2015, and 921,000 in 2016. Malaysia's medical tourism statistics derive from the reported numbers of all foreign patients treated by MHTC-endorsed medical facilities. These figures encompass all registered patients with a foreign passport, which by default also encompass expatriates, migrants, business travellers, and holiday-makers for whom health care may not be the main motive for their stay. The number of MHTC-endorsed medical facilities in Malaysia has increased over the years (e.g., 35 in 2009, 49 in 2011, 63 in 2012, 72 in 2013 and 78 in 2014), playing a role in increasing the official figures on foreign patients. Malaysia is listed in the top 10 tourism destinations in the world by Patients Beyond Borders."
"Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture","The Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (Malay: Kementerian Pelancongan, Seni dan Budaya)  is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for tourism, culture, archives, library, museum, heritage, arts, theatre, handicraft, visual arts, convention, exhibitions, Islamic tourism and craft.
The Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture administers his functions through the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture and a range of other government agencies. In the Anwar Ibrahim cabinet, the ministry was renamed to Ministry of Tourism with the removal of arts and culture portfolios from the name.
Its headquarters is in Putrajaya."
Rafflesia Forest Reserve,"The Rafflesia Forest Reserve is a Virgin Jungle Reserve (VJR) that covers an area of 356 ha of Tambunan District, Sabah, Malaysia. The forest was first established in 1967 as part of the Crocker Range Forest Reserve. In 1984, it was re-established by the Sabah Forestry Department to protect the Rafflesia flowers abundant in the area.
The Rafflesia Information Centre, located directly along the road from Kota Kinabalu to Tambunan, is the main tourist target within the reserve. Several sites of Rafflesia pricei are reachable from the centre on hiking trails."
Tourism in Terengganu,"Tourism in Terengganu deals with attractions, events and facilities in Terengganu, Malaysia of special interest to tourists.
Terengganu used to be one of Malaysia's poorest states until oil and gas were discovered off its coastline not too long ago. There are huge petrochemical and gas processing plants and supporting petroleum based industries near Paka and Kerteh, involving many joint ventures between Petronas, the Malaysian national oil company and foreign multinationals. Agriculture and fishing are still major industries while tourism is fast becoming a major economic contributor in Terengganu.
Terengganu has a coastline of beaches, and lush tropical rainforests. Terengganu is also rich with customs and traditions, upheld through generations and visible in its way of life, its arts and handicrafts, its traditional culinary and its heritage."
Tourism Malaysia,"Tourism Malaysia or Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (MTPB) is an agency under the Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia.
Tourism Malaysia, formerly known as the ""Tourist Development Corporation of Malaysia (TDC)"", was established on 10 August 1972. It was then under the former Ministry of Trade and Industry."
Tourist Police (Malaysia),"The Tourist Police Unit (Malay: Unit Polis Pelancong) is a specialised unit of the Royal Malaysian Police which provide tourist and visitors information on law, customs, culture and attractions in the local community. Tourist Police uniforms are dark blue with a white peaked cap. Badges worn on left pocket also feature an ""i"", symbolising the international code for ""information""."
Visa policy of Malaysia,"The visa policy of Malaysia consists of the requirements for foreign nationals to travel to, enter, and remain in Malaysia. Most visitors to Malaysia are granted visa-free entry for a period of 90, 30, or 14 days respectively. However, nationals from some countries must first obtain a visa from one of the Malaysian Diplomatic Missions before being allowed into the country. All visitors must hold a passport valid for at least 6 months."
Tourism in the Maldives,"Tourism is the largest economic industry in the Maldives, as it plays an important role in earning foreign exchange revenues and employing 25,000 people in the tertiary sector of the country. The archipelago of the Maldives is the main source of attraction to many tourists visiting the island country.
The tourism industry is especially vulnerable to climate change: as one of the island nations expected to be most impacted by climate change, sea level rise and subsequent increased extreme weather, coastal flooding, and coral bleaching damage the natural attractions that bring many of the tourists to the country."
Diving in the Maldives,"The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, is a small archipelagic state in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean southwest of Sri Lanka and India, about 700 kilometres (430 mi) from the Asian continent's mainland. The chain of 26 atolls stretches across the Equator from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to Addu Atoll in the south. The land area is roughly 298 square kilometres (115 sq mi). Malé is the capital.
The Maldives has white sand beaches, coral reefs, clear warm waters, numerous scuba diving sites and rich marine life. Most holiday resorts in the Maldives have a scuba diving facility and there are a number of liveaboard operators offering scuba diving cruise holidays.
In 1998, the Maldives were severely damaged and much of the coral was bleached due to the El Niño event."
Maldives Marketing and Public Relations Corporation scandal,"The Maldives Marketing and Public Relations Corporation (MMPRC) scandal was a major corruption scandal in the Maldives. In the scheme, more than $90 million was embezzled from Maldives Marketing and Public Relations Corporation. The scandal was made public by a 2016 investigation in Al Jazeera."
Ministry of Tourism (Maldives),The Ministry of Tourism is part of the Maldivian Executive branch responsible to develop the Maldivian tourism industry. The tourism ministry monitors the tourism sector and regulates it. The tourism ministry was introduced in 1965 shortly after the independence of Maldives.
Tourism in Mali,"Tourism in Mali is not well developed. Due to issues with infrastructure, tourism had been slow to grow but had seen improvements prior to the 2002 Africa Cup of Nations. However, due to the Northern Mali conflict and threats from terrorism, all major tour operators have withdrawn services which saw a decrease in tourists from 200,000 in 2011 to 10,000 the following year. The nation has four UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Timbuktu."
Dogon country,"Dogon country (French: Pays Dogon) is a region of eastern Mali and northwestern Burkina Faso populated mainly by the Dogon people, a diverse ethnic group in West Africa with diverse languages. Like the term Serer country occupied by the Serer ethnic group, Dogon country is vast, and lies southwest of the Niger River belt. The region is composed of three zones: the plateau, the escarpment and the Seno-Gondo plain.In Mali, this historic region belongs to the Mopti Region and extends on either side of the Bandiagara Escarpment. Dogon country in Mali is the most visited tourist area of the country, due to the Dogon people's rich cultural heritage. Sangha, Mali is the heart of Dogon country with its rich history of Dogon religion, shrines and temples."
Tourism in Malta,"Tourism in Malta is an important sector of the country's economy, contributing to about 15 percent of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP). It is overseen by the Malta Tourism Authority,  in turn falls under the responsibility of the Minister for Tourism, the Environment and Culture. Malta features a number of tourism attractions encompassing elements of the island's rich history and culture, as well as aquatic activities associated with the Mediterranean Sea. In addition, medical tourism has become popular in Malta in recent years, especially since government efforts to market the practice to medical tourists in the United Kingdom.
The number of people who visited Malta in 2009 dropped considerably compared to the figures for 2008 - overall, the country's tourism industry suffered an 8 percent drop from 2008. Visits from non-European Union countries dropped more considerably than visits from European Union countries (and even more so than visits from Eurozone countries), while the average stay length remained the same for both 2008 and 2009. Visitors from most countries require a visa to visit Malta. The nationalities requiring a visa are standardised as per European Union rules. Visitors already holding a valid Schengen Area visa most likely will not need to complete any more formalities to enter Malta, so long as they are already inside the Schengen Area. Visitors holding citizenship of the European Union do not require a visa to enter Malta as they hold the right to free movement within the European Union. In recent years, the country's tourism industry has been faced with a number of issues relating to the nation's small size, both in terms of area and population. These issues include stretched resources and infrastructure (such as water, waste management, beaches and roads), especially during the summer months of July and August."
Buses in Malta,"Buses were introduced to Malta in 1905. As well as providing public transport across the country, up until 2011, the traditional Malta bus (Maltese: xarabank or karozza tal-linja) served as a popular tourist attraction due to their unique appearances grounded in the bus ownership and operation model employed in the country; by the end of this traditional operation, Malta had several bus types no longer in service anywhere else in the world.
The unique nature of the Malta bus stemmed from the tradition of local ownership of the buses by the drivers, and their historic practice of customising them. In addition to a high degree of customisation, detailing and decoration, several Malta buses also had a unique appearance due to the practice of in-house maintenance, rebuilding or modifying of bus bodies in local workshops.
As an iconic feature of the country, the classic Malta bus features on several tourist-related items. As the main mode of public transport across the country, the Malta bus was also used by many tourists to visit the different parts of the country. While newer Malta buses were progressively introduced that followed modern standard bus designs found elsewhere, customisation and detailing had continued for these buses as well.
On 3 July 2011, the network of service bus routes across Malta was taken over by Arriva, with traditional buses reduced to operating on only special heritage services.
Arriva introduced a fleet of modern low-floor buses, importing secondhand ex-London articulated Mercedes-Benz Citaros, retaining and repainting some of the 'newest' buses from the old fleet in Arriva colours as well as purchasing a fleet of brand new King Long rigid buses. Arriva's operation in Malta was beset by problems; three fires within a 48-hour period in August 2013 prompted the Maltese government to ban the articulated Citaros from operation in the country pending an investigation.
Arriva operation in Malta continued until 1 January 2014, when the nation's bus network was nationalised as Malta Public Transport. On 8 January 2015, Malta Public Transport was reprivatised as it was sold to Autobuses Urbanos de León (an ALSA subsidiary), who retained the Malta Public Transport brand name. The company doubled the bus fleet, which now consists of more than 400 buses.
Malta Public Transport has invested extensively in modernizing its bus fleet making it safer, more environmentally friendly, and more comfortable. The company invested in 200 new buses with the latest Euro VI diesel technology. The buses are cleaned and maintained regularly, and are equipped with air-conditioning systems for added comfort. All the new buses have two doors to facilitate boarding and alighting of passengers."
Villa Bologna,"Villa Bologna is a Maltese stately home, in the village of Attard in the central district of Malta. Built in opulent Baroque style, Villa Bologna has been called ""the most beautiful 18th century country house to be built for a Maltese family"" and ""of similar grandeur to the finest palaces on the island"".Villa Bologna is as interesting for its history as it is remarkable for its architecture and gardens which, after the neighbouring San Anton Gardens, is the largest historic gardens in Malta. Once the seat of the Counts della Catena, Villa Bologna is now held by the great-grandson of the 6th count Gerald Strickland, 1st Baron Strickland.Built during the rule of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and expanded during the British colonial period, Villa Bologna was central in the artistic, cultural, social and political history of Malta. It is a Grade 1 scheduled building and is a national monument."
Tourism in Mauritania,
2007 killing of French tourists in Mauritania,"The 2007 killing of French tourists in Mauritania happened on 24 December 2007. The attack happened near Aleg, 250 km east of the capital Nouakchott.The victims, five French tourists on holiday, were attacked while they were having a picnic. Four of them were killed and the fifth was seriously injured. There was one survivor; the victims were his two adult sons, brother, and a friend. The 2008 Dakar Rally was moved to central Europe (known as the 2008 Central Europe Rally when held in April) because of this incident due to concerns of a possible terrorist attack.
Mauritanian authorities arrested nine people on 7 January 2008. An assault rifle was recovered by police from a location close to the scene of the killings. The Mauritanian interior minister blamed a terrorist sleeper cell for the killings. Authorities say suspects are members of an extremist group linked to al-Qaida.One of the suspects arrested in January, Sidi Ould Sidna, escaped from the police in March but was arrested again in April. Sidna had trained with the group Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb, which confirmed Sidna was affiliated with their organization. In 2010, three men who claimed to be ""soldiers of Al-Qaeda"", Sidi Ould Sidna, Mohamed Ould Chabarnou, and Maarouf Ould Haiba, were sentenced to death by a Mauritanian court for the attack. Since Mauritania has not used the death penalty since the 1980s, their death sentence will likely be commuted to an extended prison sentence on appeal."
Tourism in Mauritius,"Tourism in Mauritius is an important component of the Mauritian economy as well as a significant source of its foreign exchange revenues.  The tourism industry is also a major economic pillar on the island of Rodrigues; however, tourism has not been developed in Agaléga Islands. Mauritius is mostly appreciated by tourists for its natural environment and man-made attractions, the multi-ethnic and cultural diversity of the population, the tropical climate, beaches and water sports."
Integrated Resort Scheme,"The Integrated Resort Scheme (IRS) is an initiative of the Government of Mauritius in collaboration with the Board of Investment of Mauritius. This program is designed to facilitate the acquisition of resort and residential property by non-citizens on the island.
Until recent changes to legislation foreigners were not permitted to purchase property in Mauritius. In 2002 the Mauritian Government took the decision to open the market to foreign buyers on a restricted basis through this project named as IRS, which permits the construction and sale of luxury villas to foreigners in particular locations. To date eight projects have been successfully completed prior to the International Financial Crisis in 2008; Tamarina, Anahita, Villa Valriche, ClubMed Albion and Belle Rive. Three developments were since completed in 2013; La Balise, Matala and Azuri. The programme has however been plagued by a catalogue of false starts and a large number of fictional projects that were never delivered to their potential owners (Corniche Bay, River Club, Beau Sejour etc.). This legacy of failure appears to have been overcome and the current crop of developers have successfully negotiated the complexities inherent in the failures of these earlier developments. As a result of these failures the most recent projects to complete have taken a more innovative approach to the uses found within the IRS estates and innovated to establish market position.
Through the IRS, international buyers can become Mauritian residents once they acquire a luxury property on the island. The villa owner and his family are able to reside in Mauritius as long as he holds the property.
The IRS are often accompanied by extensive and high-class leisure and recreational facilities such as golf courses, marinas or wellness centres."
"Marie, Queen of Rodrigues","Marie, Queen of Rodrigues (Marie, Reine de Rodrigues) is a six-foot tall statue of the Virgin Mary erected on the heights of Pointe Canon, Rodrigues. The statue is a noted landmark of Port Mathurin and is a gathering place for Catholics on the island as well as a tourist and historical site.  The cement statue was inaugurated on May 1, 1954.
The idea for such a statue on the island was that of Father Charles Streicher, who was the priest of Rodrigues in the late 1940s. He wanted to raise in miniature a monument like that of Mary, Queen of Peace, which he had had erected in Mauritius. It was his successor, Father Gandy, who oversaw the installation of Rodrigues' statue."
Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority,"The Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority (MTPA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Tourism and Leisure of Mauritius established in 1996 by the MTPA Act. The task of the MTPA is to promote the country's tourism industry, provide information to tourists on facilities, infrastructures and services, to initiate action to promote cooperation with other tourism agencies, to conduct research into market trends and market opportunities and disseminate such information and other relevant statistical data on Mauritius."
Ministry of Tourism (Mauritius),
Vanilla Islands,"Vanilla Islands (French: Les Îles Vanille) is an affiliation of the islands of Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion (France), Mauritius, Comoros and Mayotte (France) in the Indian Ocean to form a new travel destination brand. The aim of the co-operation that was founded on August 4, 2010 at La Réunion is to pool forces and market the region as a combined tourism destination, rather than market each island individually as was done in the past."
Tourism in Mexico,"Tourism in Mexico is a very important industry. Since the 1960s, it has been heavily promoted by the Mexican government, as ""an industry without smokestacks."" Mexico has traditionally been among the most visited countries in the world according to the World Tourism Organization, and it is the second-most visited country in the Americas, after the United States. In 2017, Mexico was ranked as the sixth-most visited country in the world for tourism activities. Mexico has a significant number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, with the list including ancient ruins, colonial cities, and natural reserves, as well as a number of works of modern public and private architecture. Mexico has attracted foreign visitors beginning in the early nineteenth century,  with its cultural festivals, colonial cities, nature reserves and the beach resorts. The nation's temperate climate and unique culture – a fusion of the European and the Mesoamerican – are attractive to tourists. The peak tourism seasons in the country are during December and the mid-Summer, with brief surges during the week before Easter and Spring break, when many of the beach resort sites become popular destinations for college students from the United States.
The majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada. Other visitors come from other Latin American countries. A small number of tourists also come from Europe and Asia."
Agua Azul,"The Cascadas de Agua Azul (Spanish for ""Blue Water waterfall"") are a series of waterfalls found on the Xanil River in the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. They are located in the Municipality of Tumbalá, 69 kilometres (43 mi) from Palenque, near Mexican Federal Highway 199.
These waterfalls consists of many cataracts following one after another, taken from near the top of the sequence of cascades. The larger cataracts may be as high as 6 meters (20 feet) or so. During much of the distance the water descends in two streams, with small islands in the middle.
The water has a high content of calcium carbonate and other minerals, and where it falls on rocks or fallen trees, it encases them in a thick shell-like coating of limestone.The area was designated a flora and fauna protection area in 2000 by the Mexican government. The protected area covers 25.8 km2.Local residents reportedly restored the waterfalls after the 2017 Chiapas earthquake has created a crack and led to a temporary reduction of the water flow over the falls.

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Agua Hedionda Spa,"The Spa of Agua Hedionda (Spanish: ""Balneario de Agua Hedionda"") is a mineral spring - day spa located in the city of Cuautla, in the state of Morelos, Mexico, about 60 miles (97 km) south of Mexico City.
Agua Hedionda means in Spanish ""Foul Smelling Water"", and is also the name of the residential neighborhood around the spa, with approximately 10,000 inhabitants. The name was likely due to sulfur in the water."
Ake,"Ake (or Aké in Spanish orthography) is an archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is located in the municipality of Tixkokob, in the Mexican state of Yucatán; 40 km (25 mi) east of Mérida, Yucatán.The name Ake is a toponym that means ""place of reeds"" in Yucatec Maya. One notable feature of the site is its system of pre-Columbian sacbeo'ob or roads that facilitate access with other settlements in the region.The architecture dates from the Early Classic era (A.D. 250-550). They were first described in print by John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood in the early 1840s.
Aké is bounded by two concentric walls; one defines the core of the settlement with an area of 4 km2, while the other protects the core housing. The core is large and square in shape and is surrounded by tall buildings measuring about 25 m2. Structure One, also called the palace, with rows of stone columns atop a step-pyramid platform is the site's most impressive feature. While most Maya pyramids are built steep with many narrow steps, Structure One is a gradual climb of huge, flat stone slabs.  This megalithic architectural style is an Early Classic diagnostic, and may also be seen at the sites of Izamal and Ek Balam.  The remains of an ancient Maya raised pedestrian causeway, or sacbe, runs to Aké from Izamal.   The ruins are all within a 19th-century Hacienda henequenera."
Akumal,"Akumal is a small beach-front tourist resort community in Mexico, located 100 km (62 mi) south of Cancún, between the towns of Playa del Carmen and  Tulum. It is located on Akumal Bay and Half Moon Bay on the site of a former coconut plantation in Tulum Municipality in the state of Quintana Roo, and is part of the Riviera Maya area. The 2010 census showed a population of 1,310 inhabitants.Akumal is famous as a destination for snorkeling, where visitors can swim with endangered green sea turtles, who visit the shallow bay to feed on sea grass.  The popularity of snorkeling has put environmental pressure on the fragile habitat."
Barrios Mágicos of Mexico City,"The Barrios Mágicos are twenty-one areas in Mexico City highlighted by the government in order to attract tourism to them.  The program is sponsored by the city government and is patterned after the “Pueblos Mágicos” (Magical Towns) program of the Mexican federal government. However, one difference is that the city does not require the “barrios” to make improvements in their appearances to be accepted.The first of the barrios were named in 2011 by city Secretary of Tourism Alejandro Rojas Díaz Durán. Each of the twenty-one named neighborhoods received stylistic scrolls with the accreditation with acceptance by registration in the official newspaper called the Gaceta Oficial del DF. The first to receive its scroll was Santa María Magdalena Atlitic.The twenty-one neighborhoods include the historic center of Coyoacán, the Roma-Condesa zone, the historic center of Xochimilco, San Ángel, San Agustín de la Cuevas (historic center of Tlalpan), Santa María la Ribera, Zona Rosa, Garibaldi, Villa de Guadalupe, Mixcoac, Tacubaya, Santa María Magdalena Atlitic, historic center of Azcapotzalco, La Merced, Mixquic, historic center of Cuajimalpa, San Pedro Atocpan, Pueblo Culhuacán, Tacuba, Santa Julia and the historic center of Iztacalco. The city's Secretary of Tourism plans on having thirty such neighborhoods, with areas such as the Los Dinamos ecological reserve nominated.The neighborhoods have been declared only on paper as neither the city nor the boroughs have the money to promote them. Circa 2011 the program's legality was questioned by Carlo Pizano, then president of the ALDF Tourism Commission, because the designations were made without prior public publication."
Capulalpam de Méndez,"Capulálpam de Méndez (Spanish: [kalpuˈlalpan de ˈmendes] (listen)) is a town and municipality in the Sierra Juárez in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. 
It is part of the Ixtlán District in the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca region.
The name ""Capulálpam"" in Nahuatl means ""land of the chokecherry tree,"" a common type of tree in the area. In 2005 the population was 1,313."
Celestún,"Celestún is a town in Yucatán, Mexico. It is located in the northwest corner of the state, just north of the border with the state of Campeche, on the Gulf of Mexico coast at
20°51.5′N 90°24′W.
In 2000, it had a population of just under 6,000 people; however, the population swells to 10,000 during the octopus hunting season. It is mostly a fishing town, with a 19th-century lighthouse (as well as a more modern one) and an abandoned historic hacienda. Besides fishing, Celestún also produces salt, as it has done from pre-Columbian times. Tourism is also making up an increasing portion of the town's economy, as the community has many kilometers of sand beaches and abundant wildlife.

Surrounding the town is the 147,500-acre (600 km²) Ría Celestún Biosphere Reserve, a wetland reserve that is the winter home to vast flocks of flamingos, as well as many herons and other bird species. This location is set within the Petenes mangroves ecoregion. In addition, more than 200 species of birds pass through on migration, or live there.  Celestun's ecosystem is unique because of a combination of freshwater from the century estuary and saltwater from the Gulf of Mexico. The reserve also has two types of pelicans - large white Canadian and smaller gray Mexican ones.  Celestun is also known as a hatching ground for endangered sea turtles.  Wildlife conservationists have an ongoing project to protect the sea turtles from encroaching modernization.
One of the busiest times for tourism is Holy Week, when people from around the region visit Celestun. Local folk-catholic traditions are abundant during this time, when the town's patron saint is floated out to sea surrounded by candles, and visited by the patron saint of nearby Kinchil.
As the town of Celestun is the seat of the municipality (municipio) of Celestun, it attracts various carnivals, dances and musicians to its town square on a regular basis."
Cenote Zací,"Cenote Zací (Spanish pronunciation: [seˈnote saˈki]) is a cenote located in the city of Valladolid, Yucatán.The name Zací (“White Hawk”) comes from the Mayan settlement that was located there. It is where the Capul clan fought against the first conquistadors. Valladolid was later founded in 1543. The cenote was once the city’s water source.The cenote is in a partially collapsed cavern. The cave is 150 feet across and 260 feet deep. There are some stalactites on the ceiling of the cave. There is a sloped passage with stairs carved from the rock that lead down to the water.  It is larger and more open than most other cenotes.  The flora around the cenote include poplars, ferns, philodendrons, and orchids. The fauna include swallows, bats, catfish, dragonflies, beetles, and snails. The rocks inside the cave have algae and moss on the outside. The water depth is 25 to 30 meters in the shallow areas and 100 meters in the deepest area. Swimming is allowed. However, it is not encouraged since there are no changing rooms. Furthermore, the proximity to sewer pipes discourages some visitors from swimming. Some jump off a ledge into the water. There is an open-air restaurant at the top of the cenote. Mayan artifacts can be found at a museum.Its urban location makes it unique amongst other cenotes. It is located only a few blocks northeast from the main plaza. It is on the block formed by Calles 34, 36, 37, and 39.There is an entrance fee, which was $1.50 USD per adult and $0.75 USD per child in 2019."
Chen Rio,"Chen Rio is the name of a popular beach at the Southeastern shore of Mexican Caribbean island Cozumel. The name Chen Rio is derived from the river in the hinterland of the beach.Cozumel's Eastern shore is not protected by a reef, so swimming is in general dangerous, but Chen Rio offers a small pool separated from the open sea by a rocky rim, which makes it popular. There are also restaurants close to the beach."
CONCANACO,"CONCANACO is Mexico's Confederation of the National Chambers of Commerce. Along with its counterpart CONCAMIN, it is a public institution with complete autonomy that coordinates and represents the local chambers of commerce (CANACO's) before the Federal Government. Its main tasks are to encourage the private sector to invest in new business opportunities in the country and to promote Mexico's tourism industry. CONCANACO's current president is José Manuel López Campos, appointed on 28 March 2014."
Costa Maya,"Costa Maya is a small tourist region in the municipality of Othón P. Blanco in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico, the only state bounded by the Caribbean Sea to its east. This municipality is close to Chetumal (capital of the state) on the border with Belize. The area was generally undeveloped but has been growing rapidly since construction of a large pier to accommodate cruise ships. Costa Maya is also the name of a subdivision near the village of Mahahual. The beach extends from Xcalak in the south to the southern border of Sian Ka'an in the north, a distance of approximately 100 kilometers (62 mi).

Xcalak is approximately 60 kilometers (37 mi) south of the Costa Maya cruise port, and the fishing village of Mahahual is only about 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) away. Cruise ships can easily be seen from the village. Mahahual has soft sand beaches, grass thatched palapas, and a coral reef a short distance off-shore called Banco Chinchorro, as well as several bars, restaurants, and shops. A new development called New Mahahual is being created directly inland from the port. When ships are in port, the village is busy with cruise passengers.
Costa Maya's port has a new and modern tourist shopping mall. The center has a central plaza with saltwater pools and 'swim-up' style bars. There are several jewellery stores and many small shops selling ubiquitous souvenir items. It is generally open only to cruise ship passengers.
Costa Maya is the closest port of access to many of the lesser-known Mayan ruins in the Yucatan including Chacchoben and Kohunlich. These sites are substantially less excavated than the better-known pyramids of Tulum and Coba to the north; Chichen Itza and Uxmal in Yucatan.
The port sustained heavy damage due to Hurricane Dean in August 2007. This included the dock designed for cruise ships. Holland America's Westerdam was the first cruise ship to return to the port since Hurricane Dean on October 31, 2008.

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Cozumel,"Cozumel (Spanish pronunciation: [kosuˈmel]; Yucatec Maya: Kùutsmil) is an island and municipality in the Caribbean Sea off the eastern coast of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, opposite Playa del Carmen. It is separated from the mainland by the Cozumel Channel and is close to the Yucatán Channel. The municipality is part of the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico.
The economy of Cozumel is based on tourism, with visitors able to benefit from the island's balnearios, scuba diving, and snorkeling. The main town on the island is San Miguel de Cozumel."
Dzibilchaltun,"Dzibilchaltún (Yucatec: Ts'íibil Cháaltun, [d̥z̥ʼiː˧˥biɭ tɕʰɒːl˦˥tuŋ]) is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Yucatán, approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of state capital of Mérida."
Ecotourism in Mexico,"Ecotourism in Mexico is tourism that sustainably experiences fragile, pristine and relatively undisturbed natural areas. Tourism is a large sources of revenue for Mexico Ecotourism has received mixed responses, but organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) stressed its importance in the long-term economic health of Mexico."
El Gogorrón National Park,"Gogorrón National Park is protected natural area in the state San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
The size of the protected area is 250 km2. The park is surrounded by the  elevations in the Sierras de Bernalejo and La Cuesta and the nearby Altamira River. The name of the area is coming from Hacienda El Gogorrón, who made this place a resort. On 22 September 1936 the area becomes a protected area and  national park."
Isla Mujeres,"Isla Mujeres (Spanish pronunciation: ['isla mu'xeɾes], Spanish for ""Women Island"") (formally “Isla de Mujeres”) is an island where the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea meet, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) off the Yucatán Peninsula coast in the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long and 650 metres (2,130 ft) wide. To the east is the Caribbean Sea with a strong surf and rocky coast, and to the west the skyline of Cancún can be seen across the waters. In the 2010 census, the namesake town on the island had a population of 12,642 inhabitants. The town is the seat of Isla Mujeres Municipality.
Very little violent crime has been reported on the island over its history, leading the island to gain a reputation for its relaxed nature, with the safety of both residents and tourists being unusually high. The biggest danger to the residents of the island has historically been the threat of tropical storms and hurricanes, some of which have caused devastating damage, such as Hurricane Carmen and Hurricane Wilma."
Los Tuxtlas,"Los Tuxtlas is a region in the south of the Mexican state of Veracruz.Politically it refers to four municipalities: Catemaco, San Andrés Tuxtla, Santiago Tuxtla and Hueyapan de Ocampo. It also refers to a high complex natural ecosystem, an isolated volcanic mountain range next to the Gulf of Mexico, home to the northern edge of tropical rainforest in the Americas. Although seriously deforested, most of it is under protection as the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, which stretches over eight municipalities, centering on the four mentioned above. The area's early history was influenced by the Olmecs but had its own trajectory. In the colonial period, the population became a mix of indigenous, African and European. For all its history until the present, it has been rural and agricultural. Today one of its notable crops is tobacco. However, conservation efforts since the 1970s have promoted ecotourism, especially in Catemaco."
Los Veranos Canopy Tour,"Los Veranos Canopy Tour (Spanish for ""the summers"") is an adventure park nearby Boca de Tomatlán, Jalisco, near the resort city of Puerto Vallarta. It is known for its 16 zip lines spanning over 2 miles (3.2 km), claiming to be the largest canopy system in the world. The system is located in a forest across the Bahía de Banderas near Vallarta, attracting tourists who visit the city."
Mexican auto insurance (tourist),"Mexican auto insurance provides vehicle insurance  for tourists driving in Mexico. This type of insurance was created because U.S. insurance policies are not recognized by authorities in  Mexico in the event of an accident.A liability-only policy provides coverage for medical expenses and property damage to third parties if someone is involved in an accident. Full coverage policies are available as well, including physical damage and theft coverage. Policies are available from one day up to one year with most annual policies costing less than a policy in the United States. They are available both by walk-in offices near the border and over the internet.
Under Mexico's driving system, those deemed to be at fault in an auto accident are guilty until proven innocent. If injuries have been sustained, those at fault are then responsible for not only medical expenses but also providing financial support for the injured parties and their families until they recover.
If the driver is disagreeing with the police’s evaluation, he can request a judge reviews the case within 24 hours."
Mexican Riviera,"The Mexican Riviera refers collectively to twenty cities and lagoons lying on the western coast of Mexico. Although there are long distances between these cities, they are often collectively referred to as the Mexican Riviera because of their many oceanfront resorts and their popularity among tourists. Cruise ships often visit three or four of these destinations on their longer cruises. In a 2005 interview Stanley McDonald, the founder of Princess Cruises, mentioned:
The call of the ""Mexican Riviera"" was coined by Princess Cruise Line. Now everyone refers to it as the Mexican Riviera. I believe that it really spoke to the quality and beauty of what people would see down there. We all know the French Riviera -- the Mexican Riviera was something we had in the western hemisphere.
Some of the many areas that are considered part of the Mexican Riviera, listed in order from north to south:

Ensenada, Baja California 31°47′N 116°36′W
Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur 22°53′N 109°54′W
Mazatlán, Sinaloa 23°13′N 106°25′W
San Blas, Nayarit 21°32′N 105°17′W
Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco 20°40′N 105°16′W
Manzanillo, Colima 19°3′N 104°19′W
The Ixtapa resort near Zihuatanejo, Guerrero 17°38′N 101°33′W
Acapulco, Guerrero 16°51′N 99°53′W
Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca
Huatulco
Salina Cruz, Oaxaca 16°10′N 95°12′WPorts in the states of Oaxaca and Nayarit are also included.
In 2011, Carnival Cruise Lines, Disney Cruise Line and Norwegian Cruise Line all dropped Mazatlan port calls from their itineraries, citing concerns over an increase in drug gang turf war there. Royal Caribbean dramatically scaled back its presence in all of the Mexican Riviera that same year, canceling 15 cruises that were scheduled to sail through the region in 2011. The cruise line cited economic reasons for its decision.Riviera in Italian means simply ""coastline"". The word by itself often refers to either the French Riviera or the Italian Riviera. Riviera may be also applied to any coastline, especially one that is sunny, topographically diverse and popular with tourists.
The term “The Riviera of Mexico” was used in reference to Acapulco Beach in the 1945 Walt Disney film, The Three Caballeros.
Many of the locations listed above were regular stops on the TV series The Love Boat.

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Misol Há,"The Cascada de Misol-Há (Ch’ol language for ""Water Falls"") is a waterfall located in the Municipality of Salto de Agua, 20 kilometers from Palenque by the road that leads towards San Cristóbal de las Casas.
This waterfall consists of one single cascade of 35 m in height that falls into a single, almost circular, pool amidst tropical vegetation. The water is a clear blue color due to its high mineral content. Behind the cascade there is a cave approximately 20 m in length. The pool is suitable for swimming."
"Pisté, Yucatán","Pisté is a village in Tinum Municipality in the center of Yucatán State, Mexico.  It is best known for the Mayan archaeological site Chichen Itza and the cenote Ik Kil.   Fed 180 connects Pisté to  Valladolid, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) away, and Mérida, the capital of Yucatán, about 111 kilometres (69 mi) away.  There are a variety of hotels serving the tourist sites."
Pueblos Mágicos,"The Programa Pueblos Mágicos  (Spanish: [pweβloˈmaxiko] (listen); ""Magical Towns Programme"") is an initiative led by Mexico's Secretariat of Tourism, with support from other federal agencies, to promote a series of towns around the country that offer visitors special experiences because of their natural beauty, cultural richness, traditions, folklore, historical relevance, cuisine, art crafts, and great hospitality. It is intended to increase tourism to more localities, especially smaller towns in rural areas. 
The program promotes visiting small, rural towns, where visitors may see indigenous crafts, spectacular landscapes and other attractions. The Government created the 'Pueblos Mágicos' program to recognize places across the country that have certain characteristics and traditions that make them unique, and historically significant, offering magical experiences to visitors. A ""Magical Village"" is a place with symbolism, legends, history, important events, festivals, traditions, great food, and enjoyable shopping, day-to-day life – in other words, ""magic"" in its social and cultural manifestations, with great opportunities for tourism. Every Pueblo Magico offers a special experience to the visitor.
The programme was launched in 2001. After 9 years and 32 towns having been selected, it was improved and relaunched in 2010. The government added resources to support local efforts and made it a priority under Secretary Guevara. Every town was assigned a budget to continue improving its infrastructure, image, product offering, and experience, while making sure they were maintaining their traditions and their festivals were promoted. By 2012 a total of 83 towns and villages in all 31 states have been awarded the title or nomination of Pueblo Mágico. The program created pride, recognition for its local citizens, and a diversification strategy to promote culture and Mexican traditions.
The program has offered opportunities to more citizens to make a living from tourism. This has contributed significantly to the economies of not only the pueblos, but also entire regions. Visitors' spending has stimulated the development of jobs, highly important in the towns with the most economic needs. Towns with more than five thousand residents are receiving more than 20 thousand visitors during the weekends. 
In late 2018 it was reported that the program would be canceled and would not continue for 2019 due to the lack of support of the president Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO). However, in February 2019 Humberto Hernández, Under-secretary of Development and Tourist Regulation in the Ministry of Tourism, said that the program would continue ""more strongly than ever."" Under the new decentralized strategy, while the tourism ministry will continue to handle qualification of prospective pueblos mágicos and promotion and branding of the program, state governors will handle the allocation of government funds to projects in the towns.A new class of 11 Pueblos Mágicos was inducted into the program on 1 December 2020, bringing the total to 132. This included the reinstatement of Mexcaltitán, one of the original Pueblos Mágicos, after it lost the designation in 2009."
Queer Destinations,"Queer Destinations is a travel and tourism company based in Mexico City, Mexico that focuses on LGBTQ+ related travel and tourism."
Río Lagartos,"Río Lagartos is a town in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. The town lies 42 kilometres north of Tizimín. Mérida is approximately 230 kilometres further west.
Río Lagartos is located at a lagoon, the Ria Lagartos, which is part of a natural reserve. This makes it an ideal place for birdwatching. This lagoon is part of the Petenes mangroves ecoregion, and the Ria Lagartos has been designated as an internationally recognized Important Bird Area (IBA).  In 2004, UNESCO designated the area as Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve.The creek where Francisco Hernandez's 1517 expedition tried to obtain water, was named El Estero de los Lagartos, because of the ""many large alligators"".: 25 "
San José Chactún,The Hacienda San José Chactún is a hacienda located in the State of Yucatán in Mexico.
Sierra de Órganos National Park,"Sierra de Órganos National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Sierra de Órganos) is a national park in Mexico, located in the northwest corner of the municipality of Sombrerete in the state of Zacatecas, near the border with Durango. The park is known for its diverse aridland ecosystem and towering rock formations of the Sierra Madre Occidental, which are reminiscent of organ pipe cacti or the pipes of the musical instrument, from which the park takes its name.In addition to conifer forests in the highlands and xerophilous scrub in the lowlands, Sierra de Órganos is a refuge for several species of animals endemic to the region and others in danger of extinction. It is a popular area for recreation, including hiking and cycling, and for the scenic beauty of its landscapes."
Sumidero Canyon,"Sumidero Canyon (Spanish: Cañón del Sumidero) is a deep natural canyon located just north of the city of Chiapa de Corzo in the state of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. The canyon's creation began around the same time as the Grand Canyon in the U.S. state of Arizona, by a crack in the area's crust and subsequent erosion by the Grijalva River, which still runs through it. Sumidero Canyon has vertical walls which reach as high as 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), with the river turning up to 90 degrees during the 13-kilometre (8 mi) length of the narrow passage.
The canyon is surrounded by the Sumidero Canyon National Park, a federally protected natural area of Mexico which extends for 21,789 hectares (53,840 acres) over four municipalities of the state of Chiapas. This park is administered by the National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP). Most of the vegetation in the park is low- to medium-height deciduous rainforest, with small areas of mixed pine-oak forest and grassland. At the north end of the canyon is the Chicoasén Dam and its artificial reservoir, one of several on the Grijalva River, which is important for water storage and the generation of hydroelectric power in the region.
The canyon and national park is the second most important tourist site in Chiapas, drawing mostly Mexican visitors who see the canyon from boats which embark on the river from Chiapa de Corzo. The park borders Tuxtla Gutiérrez, the state's largest city, which has caused problems with human encroachment and settlement on park land. More importantly, the urban areas and logging industries upstream from the canyon have caused serious pollution problems, with up to 5000 tons of solid waste extracted from the Grijalva River each year. This waste tends to build up in the canyon because of its narrowness, the convergence of water flows and the presence of the Chicoasén Dam."
Tekantó Municipality,"Tekantó Municipality (In the Yucatec Maya Language: “Place where there is yellow flint”) is a small (47.25 km²) municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán. The municipality was formed in 1900 and its municipal seat is the homonymous locality of Tekantó, at the end of highway 80, 54 km east of Merida."
Tizimín Municipality,"Tizimín Municipality is one of the 106 municipalities of Yucatán with a municipal seat of the same name. The municipality is located in the north-east of the Mexican state of Yucatán, and it is the largest municipality in the state with a territory that is 11% of the total area of the state. As of 2005 it also has the second largest population of any municipality in the state, the largest being Mérida and the third largest being Valladolid.
The city of Tizimín is the municipal seat and is located at about 160 km east of Mérida, Yucatán, 200 km west of Cancún, Quintana Roo, and 42 km south of Río Lagartos, the city's traditional sea port on the Gulf of Mexico. The municipal seat's population of 42,283 is about 60% of the total population of the municipality.The word ""Tizimin"" means ""tapir"" in the Maya language. With the Spanish conquest of Yucatán, Tizimín was established as a Spanish colonial town in 1544."
"Valladolid, Yucatán","Valladolid (Spanish: [baʝaðoˈlið] (listen); Sakiʼ in Maya) is a city located in the eastern region of the  Mexican state of Yucatán. It is the seat of Valladolid Municipality. As of the 2020 census the population of the city was 56,494 inhabitants (the third-largest community in the state after Kanasín), and that of the municipality was 85,460.
The municipality has an areal extent of 945.22 km2 (364.95 sq mi) and includes many outlying communities, the largest of which are Popolá, Kanxoc, Yalcobá, and Xocén. Valladolid is located approximately 170 km (105 mi) east of the state capital Mérida, 40 km (25 mi) east of Chichén Itzá, and 150 km (93 mi) west of Cancún.
On August 30, 2012, Valladolid became part of the Pueblo Mágico promotional initiative led by the Mexican tourism department."
Laguna Catemaco,"Laguna Catemaco (Spanish: Laguna de Catemaco) is a freshwater lake located at the center of the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas in south central Veracruz near the city of Catemaco, in east central Mexico."
Montepío,"Montepío is a small village on the Gulf Coast of Mexico, within the San Andrés Tuxtla municipality, Veracruz,  1 hour away from the major tourist center of Catemaco.
Situated at the confluence of two of the smaller rivers draining Volcano San Martin Tuxtla in the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas, the village is a vacation resort for mostly Mexican visitors."
Xelha,"Xelha (Spanish pronunciation: [ʃelˈxa], Spanish: Xelhá; Yucatec Maya: Xel-Há) is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization from pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, located on the eastern coastline of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the present-day state of  Quintana Roo, Mexico.  The etymology of the site's name comes from Yukatek Maya, combining the roots xel (""spring"") and ha' (""water"").
The lagoon and inlet at Xelha has been turned into a commercial water theme park known as Xel-Ha Park."
Tourism in Moldova,"Tourism in the Republic of Moldova focuses on the country's natural landscapes and its history. Wine tours are offered to tourists across the country. Vineyards/cellars include Cricova, Purcari, Ciumai, Romanești, Cojușna, Mileștii Mici. In 2015, Moldova received 2.85 million visitors."
Medical tourism in the Republic of Moldova,"Medical tourism in the Republic of Moldova – is the branch of the tourism industry, providing the high-level treatment to the foreign patients. This industry gains more popularity each year and the number of medical tourists exceeds 30% of the total number of patients in Moldova’s clinics. Foreign citizens come to Moldova for qualitative treatment, which they cannot receive or allow in the country of origin."
Tourism in Mongolia,"Tourism in Mongolia was extremely limited by the Socialist Government, but has been expanding following the 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia in the wake of the collapse of the USSR and the Revolutions of 1989. Mongolia is a unique and relatively unexplored travel destination that offers a great combination of scenic natural features, a wide variety of untouched landscapes, nomadic life style and culture. Travel organizations in Mongolia date back to half a century ago, but the private sector-based tourism is barely twenty years old. Now Mongolia boasts 403 travel companies, 320 hotels, 647 resorts and tourist camps, all employing the graduates from over 56 educational establishments. Mongolia takes an active part in United Nations World Tourism Organization, of which it is a member party.

To boost foreign investment in tourism, the Government of Mongolia offers special tax exemption equaling up to 10 percent of the total investment if offered for construction of high-rated hotels and tourist complexes. Licenses for tourism business were abolished and service provided by tour operators for expatriate visitors is now exempt from VAT. Standards and regulations are largely non-restrictive, with no complicated layers of bureaucracy issuing permission and exercising control.
A vivid example of the successful reform of the legal framework is the progressive increase of the number of visitors – the number reaching 450,000 in 2010 - tripling the 2000 estimate.
With one of the world's lowest population densities, the vastness of the Mongolian-Manchurian grassland, desert, as well as the numerous mountains, rivers and lakes offer plenty of adventure. Although backpacking is becoming more common, travel outside Ulanbataar is mostly arranged by tour operator companies.

In January 2013, the Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism of Mongolia approved official slogan for Mongolia's tourism called “Go Nomadic, Experience Mongolia” which, it believes, will properly position help boost tourism industry in Mongolia. However, after a year the Ministry replaced the official slogan to new ""Mongolia - Nomadic by Nature.On March 5, 2014, during ITB Berlin 2014 exhibition in Germany, officials from the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Mongolia signed an agreement to become official partner country for ITB Berlin 2015.The Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism of Mongolia has been restructured into the Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism in December, 2014 as a result of country's government cabinet change.Activity travels available include trekking, climbing, bird watching, horse riding, rafting, camel riding, yak caravan and overland motorcycle tours. Many of these tours focus strongly on ecology and wildlife, and almost all of them include the Gobi Desert as one of their destinations; apart from its numerous native animal species, the desert is famous for its fossilised dinosaur bones and eggs. Mongolia's lakes represent another good hiking destination, as do the Four Holy Peaks surrounding Ulaanbaatar or the Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park, in the Umnugobi.
The economy of Mongolia is expecting ""unstoppable"" growth as its natural resources are tapped, which will enable further investment in infrastructure."
Artificial Lake Castle,"The Artificial Lake Castle was built in 1969, when the National Amusement Park was established in the centre of the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar. It is surrounded by an artificial lake and fortress walls in an eastern-Asian style. Inside the walls is a three-storey building. There are three watch towers. An Ethnographic Museum operated in the castle from its establishment until the mid-2000s. The castle has been rebuilt from 2010 assuming an appearance of a Western castle. The mock castle is part of an amusement complex together with the lake, and dock house. 

"
Visa policy of Mongolia,"Visitors to Mongolia must obtain a visa unless they come from one of the visa-exempt countries. Nationals of certain countries may obtain a visa on arrival or an e-Visa online, while others must obtain a visa from a Mongolian diplomatic mission.
Visitors must hold passports that are valid for at least 6 months from the date of arrival."
Budva Riviera,"The Budvanian Riviera (Serbian: Будванска ривијера, romanized: Budvanska rivijera) is a 35 km (22 mi) long strip of the Adriatic coast surrounding the town of Budva in western Montenegro. It is part of the Montenegrin Littoral geographical region. It is located roughly along the middle of the Montenegrin coast, and is a center for Montenegrin beach tourism. There are 21 km (13 mi) of beaches which lie along the Budva Riviera."
Clock Tower of Ulcinj,"The Clock Tower of Ulcinj (Montenegrin: Sahat kula, Сахат кула, Albanian: Sahat Kulla, Turkish: Saat Kulesi), was built in Ulcinj, Montenegro in 1754 during the Ottoman Empire rule over the city, with the help of donations made by the citizens of Ulcinj. The name comes from the Turkish Saat Kulesi which literally means ""Clock Tower"" in English."
Heritage Museum Pljevlja,"The Heritage Museum Pljevlja  (Serbian: ЈУ Завичајни Музеј Пљевља) is a museum in Pljevlja, Montenegro. The museum collection begins with works of prehistoric art from the 1st–4th centuries BC. One of the largest museums in Montenegro, it was founded in 1952. Its holdings amount to over 5,000 items, of which only a small number are on permanent display, including the Pljevlja diatreta or cage cup."
List of beaches in Montenegro,This is a list of beaches in Montenegro.
Ljubišnja,"Ljubišnja (Serbian Cyrillic: Љубишња) is a Dinaric mountain range of Montenegro, conventionally referred to as the highland of Montenegro, represents a major natural feature of the country alongside Tara Canyon, Draga Canyon and Montenegro."
Monastery of the Holy Trinity of Pljevlja,"The Holy Trinity Monastery of Pljevlja (Serbian: Манастир Света Тројица Пљеваљска, romanized: Manastir Sveta Trojica Pljevaljska) is a medieval Serbian Orthodox monastery complex (lavra) in Pljevlja, Montenegro. It is located about 37 miles north of Durmitor, and 24 miles from Đurđevića Tara Bridge."
Montenegrin Littoral,"The Montenegrin Littoral (Serbian: Црногорско приморје, romanized: Crnogorsko primorje), historically known as the Littoral or the Maritime, is the littoral or coastline region of Montenegro which borders the Adriatic Sea. The littoral was lost to Austria and Turkey during its collapse due to Ottoman invasion - but it was regained in 1878 (Turkish-occupied portion) and 1918 (Austrian-occupied portion) following the Serbian-Montenegrin victories in the Russo-Turkish War and World War 1 respectively."
Sveti Nikola Island,"Sveti Nikola Island (Serbian: Острво Свети Никола, romanized: Ostrvo Sveti Nikola; lit. ""Island of Saint Nicholas"") is an island in the Adriatic Sea, in the Montenegrin municipality of Budva."
Tourism in Montenegro,"Montenegro is one of the fastest-growing tourist destinations. In 2007, over a million tourists visited Montenegro, making some 7.3 million overnight stays (23% increase, compared to 2006). This accounted for some 480 million euros in tourism revenue in 2007 (39% increase, compared to previous year). In 2015, tourism realised over 1.7 million arrivals, with a further increase in 2016. In the same year, the coastal town of Kotor was named the best city to visit by Lonely Planet, whereas the country itself is continuously included in touristic top lists. With a total of 1.8 million visitors in 2016, the nation became the 36th (out of 47 countries) most popular country to travel to in Europe. Montenegro was further visited by over 2 million tourists in 2017. The Government aims to attract greenfield investments, which should make best use of undeveloped parts of the coast, such as Jaz Beach, Velika Plaža, Ada Bojana and Buljarica.
Montenegro can be presented as a destination offering a variety of attractions and all-year tourism is possible by publicizing its varied features. Therefore, the Tourism Masterplan of Montenegro is also paving the way for a national development program for nature based tourism, especially hiking and biking, with new infrastructure and services. The realisation of a 3-year-program was started in 2007."
Ulcinj Castle,"Ulcinj Old Town (Serbian: Стари град Улцињ / Stari grad Ulcinj; Albanian: Qyteti i vjetër i Ulqinit) or Ulcinj Castle (Serbian Cyrillic: Калjаја; Albanian: Kalaja e Ulqinit) is an ancient castle and neighborhood in Ulcinj, Montenegro. Today mostly inhabited by Albanians, it was built by the Illyrians on a small peninsula at the right side of the Pristan Gulf, which is part of the Adriatic Sea. Today, oldest remains are the Cyclopean Wall. The castle has been restored many times since it was first built although major changes were made by the Byzantinians, Serbs, Venetians, and Ottomans. The modern city of Ulcinj was built outside of this castle."
Tourism in Morocco,"Tourism in Morocco is well developed, maintaining a strong tourist industry focused on the country's coast, culture, and history. The Moroccan government created a Ministry of Tourism in 1985. Tourism is considered one of the main foreign exchange sources in Morocco and since 2013 it had the highest number of arrivals out of the countries in Africa. In 2018, 12.3 million tourists were reported to have visited Morocco."
Marinid Tombs,"The Marinid Tombs or Merenid Tombs are a set of ruined monumental tombs on a hill above and north of Fes al-Bali, the old city of Fez, Morocco. They were originally a royal necropolis for the Marinid dynasty which ruled over Morocco in the 13th to 15th centuries. Today, they are a popular lookout point over the historic city."
Sidi Harazem Bath Complex,"The Sidi Harazem Bath Complex is a brutalist thermal spa complex in Sidi Harazem, near the city of Fez, Morocco. The property is owned by the CDG Foundation. It was designed by Jean-François Zevaco between 1960 and 1975."
Surfing in Morocco,"Surfing in Morocco forms a part of the country's tourism sector. 
In the 1960s, European and American expatriates began surfing in Taghazout Bay. In the decades since, a surf industry has arisen in coastal areas of Morocco such as Agadir and Essaouira. The Moroccan government invested in seaside tourism infrastructure in Taghazhout Bay surf village as part of the 2001 Azur Plan, with the aim of creating 20,000 jobs for local people. Winter is generally the high season for surf tourism in Morocco. In Moroccan culture, surfing is generally considered a masculine sport, and women surfers challenge cultural norms in taking part."
Tourism in Mozambique,"The tourism assets of Mozambique include the country's natural environment, wildlife, and cultural heritage, which provide opportunities for beach, cultural, and eco-tourism."
Tofo,"Tofo Beach (pt: Praia do Tofo) or simply Tofo is a small town in southeastern Mozambique.  The town lies on the Indian Ocean coast, on Barra Beach peninsula in Inhambane Province, Jangamo District, 22 km drive from Inhambane city."
Tourism in Myanmar,"Tourism in Myanmar (also known as Burma) is a developing sector. As at 2023, new tourist visa applications resume. Although Myanmar possesses tourist potential, much of the industry remains to be developed. The number of visitors to Burma is small compared to its neighbouring countries. This is primarily due to its political situation. However, after the junta transferred power to the civilian government, the tourism sector saw an increase in tourism arrivals, and in 2012, tourist arrivals surpassed the one million mark for the first time. In 2013, the Tourism Master Plan was created, targeting 7.5 million arrivals by 2020.Tourism has been developed mainly by Myanmar's government, which has encouraged tourism since 1992. Private enterprises also exist, catering to a wide range of tourists.
In 2010, 791,505 foreign tourists visited Myanmar, with 295,174 foreign tourists entering the country via Yangon International Airport. By 2012, more than 1 million foreign tourists visited Myanmar. In 2013, the number of foreign arrivals reached more than 2.04 million, counting both air and overland arrivals.Tourism has been promoted by advocacy groups as a method of providing economic benefit to Burmese civilians, and to avoid isolating the country from the rest of the world. Voices for Burma, a pro-democracy advocate group, states, ""We believe that small-scale, responsible tourism can create more benefits than harm. So long as tourists are fully aware of the situation and take steps to maximise their positive impact and minimise the negatives, we feel their visit can be beneficial overall. Responsible tourists can help Burma primarily by bringing money to local communities and small businesses, and by raising awareness of the situation worldwide.""A former Burmese tourism minister estimated that 12% of the government revenues are derived from tourism, with the tourism industry contributing $182 million USD (2007) to the government's annual budget."
Community Based Tourism in Myanmar,"Community-based tourism, also known as CBT, is a kind of tourism operated and managed by the local community for the sake of the well-being of the particular community through providing a mechanism for sustainable livelihoods. It means preserving socio-culture such as traditions and enhancing the socio-economic situations of a particular community. CBT concentrates on economically vulnerable villages and developing countries because CBT is an alternative for economic development as well as conservation and protection of natural resources of those villages. The term CBT was not very scarce until 2012, where the country was free from the political isolation. The country became politically more open, and the nation's doors were open for traveling. Vast foreign investments along with vast tourists, were ready to explore the unknown country. There is a wide range of activities to do, depending on the location of the villages. Some villages offer water activities, and some may not. In the process of implementing CBT villages, non-profit organizations like ActionAid Myanmar also takes part in the process. The ultimate goal of CBT is to generate profits by offering tourists local lifestyles, accommodation, local activities, and culture. Despite its advantages, there are also setbacks while running CBT villages, such as not having adequate both human resources and technical resources."
Mergui Archipelago,"The Mergui Archipelago (also Myeik  Archipelago or Myeik Kyunzu; Burmese: မြိတ်ကျွန်းစု) is located in far southern Myanmar (Burma) and is part of the Tanintharyi Region. It consists of more than 800 islands, varying in size from very small to hundreds of square kilometres, all lying in the Andaman Sea off the western shore of the Malay Peninsula near its landward (northern) end where it joins the rest of Indochina. They are occasionally referred to as the Pashu Islands because the Malay inhabitants are locally called Pashu."
Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar),The Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Burmese: ဟိုတယ်နှင့် ခရီးသွားလာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန) is a ministry in the Burmese government responsible for the country's tourism sector.
Mong La,"Mong La or Mongla (Burmese: မိုင်းလား Burmese pronunciation: [máɪɰ̃lá]; Chinese: 勐拉; pinyin: Měnglā), also known as Little Mong La (Chinese: 小勐拉; pinyin: Xiǎo Měnglā) to distinguish it from neighbouring Mengla County in China, is the administrative seat of Mong La Township in Shan State, Myanmar.
Mong La is opposite Daluo, a Chinese border town in Yunnan Province, It is about 258 kilometres (160 mi) from the Thai border town of Mae Sai and 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-east of Kengtung, Myanmar.
Although Mong La is in Myanmar, its electricity, telecommunications, other infrastructure, and trade flows are dependent on China. The main currency used in Mong La is the Chinese yuan."
Panlaung and Padalin Cave Wildlife Sanctuary,"Panlaung and Padalin Cave Wildlife Sanctuary (Burmese: ပန်းလောင်နှင့် ပြဒါးလင်းဂူ တောရိုင်းတိရစ္ဆာန် ဘေးမဲ့တော) is a protected area in Myanmar's Shan State near Ywangan Township, stretching over an area of 333.8 km2 (128.9 sq mi). It was established in 2002 under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1936. In elevation, it ranges from 150 to 1,555 m (492 to 5,102 ft) covering mixed deciduous and dipterocarp forest.It is located on the western side of the road linking the towns of Myogyi (Burmese: မြို့ကြီး) and Aungpan (Burmese: အောင်ပန်း). The topography of the sanctuary is mostly hilly with undulating hills covered with dense forest. Every year, the sanctuary receives south-west Monsoon rains. The rainfall recorded is up to 78.74 inches (2,000 mm) per year. The sanctuary receives heavy rainfall in June, July and August every year. The Paalaung river flows through the sanctuary. This location is an important watershed for the Kinntarr Dam. The altitude varies from 0.09321 miles (150 m) to 0.9662 miles (1,555 m)."
Tourism in Namibia,"Tourism in Namibia is a major industry, contributing N$7.2 billion ( equal to US$ 390 million ) to the country's gross domestic product. Annually, over one million travelers visit Namibia, with roughly one in three coming from South Africa, then Germany and finally the United Kingdom, Italy and France. The country is among the prime destinations in Africa and is known for ecotourism which features Namibia's extensive wildlife.In December 2010, Lonely Planet named Namibia 5th best tourist destination in the world in terms of value."
ǀAi-ǀAis,"ǀAi-ǀAis (Khoekhoe: fire-fire, meaning 'hot as fire' or 'scalding hot') is a Namibian holiday resort with hot mineral springs in the bed of the Fish River. It is situated in Southern Namibia's ǁKaras Region at the base of the Great Karas Mountains, 128 kilometres (80 mi) west of Karasburg and 224 kilometres (139 mi) south-west of Keetmanshoop.
ǀAi-ǀAis features sulfurous thermal hot water springs and forms part of the ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park. The springs have been a national monument since 1964."
Gert Joubert,"Gert Joubert (born 1948 in Mowbray, Cape Town) is a Namibian businessperson. Joubert was born in South Africa but moved to Namibia during the 1960s. While in university, Joubert was followed as a suspected communist by the secret police of the apartheid regime until he approached the police and explained his support for capitalism. Joubert began his business career as a cattle entrepreneur near Otjiwarongo. In  2000, he ventured into eco-tourism and owns the Erindi Game Reserve near Omaruru in the Erongo Region."
Mayuni Conservancy,"The Mayuni Conservancy is a conservation area in Linyanti Constituency, in Namibia's northeastern Caprivi Region, along the eastern bank of the Cuando River."
Ministry of Environment and Tourism (Namibia),"The Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism (MEFT) is a government ministry of Namibia, with headquarters in Windhoek. It was created at Namibian independence in 1990 as Ministry of Wildlife, Conservation and Tourism. The first Namibian environment and tourism minister was Niko Bessinger, the current minister is Pohamba Shifeta."
Naankuse Foundation Wildlife Sanctuary,"The Naankuse Foundation Wildlife Sanctuary (Juǀ'hoan: Nǀaʼankusê) is a wildlife sanctuary in central Namibia, situated c. 42 kilometres (26 mi) outside Windhoek. Besides the sanctuary the establishment also runs a carnivore conservation research programme, the Clever Cubs pre-primary school, and a clinic for the San people. Nǀaʼankusê is a Juǀ'hoan word that means ""God will protect us"", or ""God watches over us."" The sanctuary opened in 2007. It is run by Namibian conservationist Marlice van Vuuren and her husband Rudie van Vuuren. Naankuse is funded by voluntary donations and relies on the time of volunteers to continue its projects.The Naankuse Foundation is based on a 10,000 hectare nature reserve. In January 2011, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie chose Naankuse to become a partner of the Shiloh Jolie-Pitt Foundation, in honour of their Namibian-born daughter. ""We have known Rudie and Marlice for many years and continue to be impressed by their hard work and dedication to the people and conservation of the land and wildlife of Namibia. The new section of the project will be under Naankuse and in Shiloh's name. We want her to be very involved and grow up with the understanding of her country of birth,"" Jolie said."
Skeleton Coast,"The Skeleton Coast is the northern part of the Atlantic coast of Namibia. Immediately south of Angola, it stretches from the Kunene River to the Swakop River, although the name is sometimes used to describe the entire Namib Desert coast. The indigenous San people (formerly known as Bushmen), of the Namibian interior called the region ""The Land God Made in Anger"", while Portuguese sailors once referred to it as ""The Gates of Hell"". 
On the coast, the upwelling of the cold Benguela current gives rise to dense ocean fogs (called cassimbo by the Angolans) for much of the year. The winds blow from land to sea, rainfall rarely exceeds 10 millimetres (0.39 in) annually, and the climate is highly inhospitable. There is a constant, heavy surf on the beaches. In the days before engine-powered ships and boats, it was possible to get ashore through the surf, but impossible to launch from the shore. The only way out was by going through a marsh hundreds of kilometres long and only accessible via a hot and arid desert.
The coast is largely made up of soft sand occasionally interrupted by rocky outcrops. The southern section consists of gravel plains, while north of Terrace Bay the landscape is dominated by high sand dunes. 
Skeleton Bay is known as a great location for surfing. The Salty Jackal, a backpackers lodge located in Swakopmund, is currently the only group that runs guided surf trips along the Skeleton Coast."
Township tourism,
Tourism in Nauru,"Nauru is a small, isolated western Pacific island, which lacks many of the tourist facilities of some of its larger neighbours, such as Fiji, the Cook Islands, or even New Caledonia.  Tourism is not a major contributor to the economy, with only around 200 tourists a year visiting the island."
Tourism in Nepal,"Tourism is the largest industry in Nepal and its largest source of foreign exchange and revenue. Possessing eight of the ten highest mountains in the world, Nepal is a hot spot destination for mountaineers, rock climbers and people seeking adventure. The Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Nepal and its cool weather are also strong attractions."
Bardiya National Park,"Bardiya National Park is a protected area in Nepal that was established in 1988 as Royal Bardia National Park. Covering an area of 968 km2 (374 sq mi) it is the largest and most undisturbed national park in Nepal's Terai, adjoining the eastern bank of the Karnali River and bisected by the Babai River in the Bardiya District. Its northern limits are demarcated by the crest of the Siwalik Hills. The Nepalgunj-Surkhet highway partly forms the southern boundary, but seriously disrupts the protected area. Natural boundaries for human settlements are formed in the west by the Geruwa, a branch of the Karnali River, and in the southeast by the Babai River.Together with the neighboring Banke National Park, the coherent protected area of 1,437 km2 (555 sq mi) represents the Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU) Bardia-Banke that extends over 2,231 km2 (861 sq mi) of alluvial grasslands and subtropical moist deciduous forests."
Dodhara Chandani Bridge,"The Dodhara Chandani Bridge (Nepali: दोधारा चाँदनी पुल), commonly known as Mahakali Bridge is a suspension bridge  for pedestrians and at this point only about 1496.5 m long over  Mahakali River in the far west of Nepal."
Gulariya,"Gulariya (Nepali: गुलरिया) is a municipality and headquarters of Bardiya District in Lumbini Province of south-western Nepal. It is located in the plains of the Terai region near the southern border with the Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is 35 kilometers west of Nepalgunj and about 10 km north of Murtiha Transit or railway station, India.
It lies at an elevation of 187 meters."
Karnali Bridge,"Karnali Bridge, the asymmetric, single-tower, cable-stayed bridge is the second longest of its type in Nepal and was built by international collaboration between USA, Japan and Nepal."
"Lobuche, Nepal","Lobuche (or Lobuje) is a small settlement near Mount Everest in the Khumbu region of Nepal. It is one of the last overnight stops with lodging on the ""trail to base camp"", a hike that climbers make on their way to Everest Base Camp (South) when attempting an ascent of Everest via the standard southeast route. It is also a popular stop among trekkers in the area. From there they can complete the trail on to EBC or stop at Gorak Shep, the last stop with lodging on the trail, and climb the modest nearby peak, Kala Patthar (5,545 m, 18,192 ft), for a rare view of the Everest summit. The structure of Everest is such that its actual summit is not visible from Base Camp.
Lobuche, elevation of about 4,940 metres (16,210 ft), is situated about 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Nepal's capital Kathmandu and lies near the foot of the Khumbu Glacier,  approximately 8.5 km SW of Everest Base Camp. It shares its name with several peaks in the area: Lobuche Far East, Lobuche East and Lobuche West (a separate mountain further west). Labuche Kang (sometimes spelled Lobuche Kang) is not local but is in Tibet.
Lobuche is a particularly busy place each year in the month of April as hundreds of porters and Sherpas from the region pass through Lobuche on their way to Base Camp. Many of them also move supplies, with the aid of yaks or other means, for various climbers and expeditions also traveling up the trail in preparation for the Everest spring climbing season in May.
The lodging accommodations at Lobuche are notoriously primitive, consisting mostly of stone huts with shared bunk dormitories. In recent years there have been some additions of more modern facilities and amenities including seven lodges providing 200 twin-bed rooms. Some lodges provide internet and oxygen services."
Lukla,"Lukla (Nepali: लुक्ला [ˈlukla]) is a small town in the Khumbu Pasanglhamu rural municipality of the Solukhumbu District in the Province No. 1 of north-eastern Nepal. Situated at 2,860 metres (9,383 ft), it is a popular place for visitors to the Himalayas near Mount Everest to arrive. Although Lukla means ""place with many goats and sheep"", few are found in the area nowadays.
Lukla contains a small airport serving the region, and a variety of shops and lodges catering to tourists and trekkers, providing western-style meals and trail supplies. From Lukla, travellers need two days to reach the village of Namche Bazaar, an altitude-acclimatization stop for those continuing on. In August 2014, the Nepalese government announced plans to open the first tarmac road from Kathmandu to Lukla."
Meghauli,"Meghauli (Nepali : मेघौली) is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Bharatpur Metropolitan City in Bagmati Province of central Nepal.
In December 2014, Meghauli among neighboring other Village Development Committees was merged to form Narayani Municipality. In 2016 Narayani Municipality was itself merged into Bharatpur  creating the metropolitan city of Bharatpur. The former Meghauli V.D.C. looks after civic affairs in the town. The municipal area is divided into two wards of Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Ward No. 27 & 28.At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 12,281 people living in 2027 individual households.Meghauli village touches over 25 km of the borders of the park and is situated on the banks of the Rapti and Narayani River. Situated at 172 km from Kathmandu, Meghauli is in the western part of Chitwan district. Meghauli is one of the richest villages in Chitwan in terms of wildlife, different cultures and sports is located in the adjacent of Chitwan National Park."
Namche Bazaar,"Namche Bazaar (also Namche Bazar, Nemche Bazaar or Namche Baza; Nepali: नाम्चे बजारlisten ) is a town (formally Namche Village Development Committee) in Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality in Solukhumbu District of Province No. 1 of north-eastern Nepal. It is located within the Khumbu area at 3,440 metres (11,286 ft) at its low point, populating the sides of a hill. Most Sherpa who are in the tourism business are from the Namche area. Namche is the main trading center and hub for the Khumbu region.
At the time of the 2001 Nepal census, it had a population of 1,647 people living in 397 individual households."
Nepal Tourism Board,"The Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) is the official national tourism organization of Nepal which works towards establishing Nepal as a premier holiday destination to the world. The Board provides platform for vision-drawn leadership for Nepal’s tourism sector by integrating Government commitment with the dynamism of private sector. NTB is promoting Nepal in the domestic and international market and is working toward repositioning the image of the country. It also aims to regulate product development activities. The Board chaired by the Secretary at the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation consists of 11 board members with Five Government representatives, five private sector representatives and the Chief Executive Officer. The CEO of NTB was Dr. Dhananjay Regmi who has been suspended by the Government of Nepal."
Phewa Lake,"Phewa Lake, Phewa Tal or Fewa Lake (Nepali: फेवा ताल, [ˈpʰewa tal]) is a freshwater lake in Nepal formerly called Baidam Tal located in the south of the Pokhara Valley that includes Pokhara city and parts of Sarangkot and Kaskikot.  It is the second largest lake in Nepal and the largest in Gandaki Province after the Rara lake in comparison to Nepal's water bodies. It is the most popular and most visited lake in Nepal. Phewa lake is located at an altitude of 742 m (2,434 ft) and covers an area of about 5.7 km2 (2.2 sq mi). It has an average depth of about 8.6 m (28 ft) and a maximum depth of 24 m (79 ft). The maximum water capacity of the lake is approximately 43,000,000 cubic metres (35,000 acre⋅ft). The Annapurna range on the north is only about 28 km (linear distance) away from the lake. The lake is also famous for the reflection of mount Machhapuchhre and other mountain peaks of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges on its surface. The Tal Barahi Temple is situated on an island in the lake. It is located 4 km from the city's centre Chipledhunga."
Pokhara,"Pokhara (Nepali: पोखरा [ˈpokʰʌɾa]) is a metropolitan city in central Nepal, which serves as the capital of Gandaki Province. It is the second most populous city of Nepal after Kathmandu, with 599,504 inhabitants living in  120,594 households in 2021. It is the country's largest metropolitan city in terms of area. The city also serves as the headquarters of Kaski District. Pokhara is located 200 kilometres (120 miles) west of the capital, Kathmandu. The city is on the shore of Phewa Lake, and sits at an elevation of approximately 822m. The Annapurna Range, with three out of the ten highest peaks in the world—Dhaulagiri, Annapurna I and Manaslu—is within 15–35 mi (24–56 km) of the valley. The current mayor of Pokhara is Dhana Raj Acharya from CPN (Unified Socialist).Pokhara is considered the tourism capital of Nepal, being a base for trekkers undertaking the Annapurna Circuit through the Annapurna Conservation Area region of the Annapurna ranges in the Himalayas. The city is also home to many of the elite Gurkha soldiers, soldiers native to South Asia of Nepalese nationality recruited for the British Army, Nepalese Army, Indian Army, Gurkha Contingent Singapore, Gurkha Reserve Unit Brunei, UN peacekeeping forces and in war zones around the world."
Rafting in Nepal,"Rafting, Kayaking and Cannoning is one of the main parts of river tourism in Nepal. Prior to the boom of the tourism industry, rivers were considered holy and the idea of fun in the river was not usual to general Nepalese. From zero clients in early 70s to more than 30,000 clients in 2000, it is one of the growing industry of Nepal. : 45 "
Sarangkot,"Sarangkot is Ward 18 of Pokhara, Kaski District, Nepal, after it was merged into the city in 2015. It is a popular tourist destination for those who arrive in Pokhara. At the 1991 Nepal census it had a total population of 5,060 with 1,010 individual households.The Ward is located on Sarangkot, a hill on the western side of Pokhara with an altitude of 1600m. Sarangkot is known for its panoramic Himalayan views of Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu. It also provides an expansive view of the city of Pokhara, from the extreme north to the south including Phewa Lake. Tourists drive up the hill to watch the sunrise from the view tower at the top. In recent years, Sarangkot has been called one of the best paragliding locations in the world. The hike up from the Pokhara Baglung highway at Miruwa to Sarangkot takes 90 minutes to 1.5hours."
Sauraha,"Sauraha is a village of Ratnanagar Municipality in Chitwan District and Chitwan Valley, in Bagmati Province of southern Nepal."
Dipayal Silgadhi,"Dipayal Silgadhi (Nepali: दिपायल सिलगढी) is a municipality and the district headquarters of Doti District in Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal. Previously, it also served as the headquarters of the Far-Western Development Region. It lies in the Lesser Himalayas on the bank of Seti River. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 32,941 people living in 7,447 individual households."
Thamel,"Thamel (Nepali: ठमेल) is a commercial neighborhood located in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Thamel has been the centre of the tourist industry in Kathmandu for over four decades, starting from the hippie days, when many artists came to Nepal and spent weeks in Thamel. It is considered the hotspot for tourism inside the Kathmandu valley.Thamel is known for its narrow alleys crowded with various shops and vendors. Commonly sold goods include food, fresh vegetables/fruits, pastries, trekking gear, walking gear, music, DVDs, handicrafts, souvenirs, woolen items and clothes. Travel agencies, small grocery stores, budget hotels, restaurants, pubs and clubs also line the streets. Cars, cycle rickshaws, two-wheelers and taxis ply these narrow streets alongside hundreds of pedestrians.
Many restaurants in Thamel serve traditional and continental cuisine. Thamel also acts as the pre-base camp for mountaineers. It boasts a wide range of mountaineering gear shops, foreign money exchange booths, mobile phone shops, and numerous travel agents and guest houses.
Thamel is widely regarded as the center of Kathmandu's nightlife and is also popular for its wide range of restaurants and cafés, live music and other attractions frequented by both tourists and locals. The places near Thamel are Kwabahal, JP Road, Paknajol, Sanchaya Kosh road."
Tourism Development Bank,Tourism Development Bank Ltd (Nepali: टुरिजम डेभलपमेण्ट बैंक लिमिटेड; NEPSE: TDBL) was a national level development bank in Nepal with its corporate office located in Kathmandu. The bank was established in 2009 and offered a wide range of financial products and services. It had a paid up capital of NPR 780 million and had 15 branches. The bank was also a member of society for worldwide international financial telecommunications SWIFT.
Tumlingtar,"Tumlingtar (Nepali: तुम्लिङटार) is a region and a town, in Sankhuwasabha district of Province No. 1 of Eastern Nepal, between the Arun and Sabha rivers. It is located in Sankhuwasabha District. It is also the deepest valley of the world and largest ṭār (butte or mesa) of Nepal.The total area of Tumlingtar is 8.5 sq.km. It is ethinically diverse place."
Visit Nepal 2020,"Visit Nepal 2020, also known by the initialism VNY 2020, was a tourism advertising campaign released by the Government of Nepal as an extension of Visit Nepal campaigns of 1998 and 2011. The campaign was coordinated by Suraj Vaidya. The folkloric creature Yeti was chosen as the campaign's official mascot. In March 2020, the campaign was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal."
Tourism in the Netherlands,"Tourism in the Netherlands is a relatively small sector of the country's economy with a total contribution of 5.4% to gross domestic product and 9.6% to employment. In 2017 the Netherlands was visited by 17 million foreign tourists (with more than 5 million coming from Germany), making it the 20th most visited country in the world."
Mergellandroute,"The Mergellandroute (""marl land route"") is a tourist route through South Limburg, Netherlands, mapped out by the ANWB.The Mergellandroute goes mostly through the local hills, which are in contrast with the lesser relief found in the rest of the Netherlands. The route has a length of 110 kilometers by car and motorcycle or 136.9 kilometers by bike."
Museumkaart,"The Museum Card, also known as the Museumkaart in Dutch, is a personal card that grants free entry to about 400 museums in the Netherlands for one year. It is available for purchase at many of the larger participating museums or online, with a temporary card issued when purchased from the museum. While most museums offer free entry to Museum Card holders, some museums may charge an additional fee for special exhibitions, but not for the general collections.In 2013, over 900.000 people held Museum Cards, and approximately 23% of visitors to affiliated museums in 2011 held Museum Cards (4.3 million out of 18.1 million visitors)."
Vereniging voor Vreemdelingenverkeer,"The Vereniging voor Vreemdelingenverkeer  (normally just referred to as the VVV) is an organization in the Netherlands in which local or regional leisure companies and organizations work together to promote tourism.  The tourist offices provide visitors with information about the local city or region and assist in the reservation of overnight stays and the booking of activities. In addition, they try to further develop tourism.  Vereniging voor Vreemdelingenverkeer roughly translates as the Association for Tourist Traffic.
The VVV’s income comes from the sale of items such as maps, guides, gift cards and souvenirs. In addition, the participating leisure companies and the municipalities represented, contribute financially to the tourist information activities.
In the Netherlands, individual VVVs are coordinated by VVV Nederland, which functions as a licenser of the VVV brand.  In 2017, the Kennisnetwerk Destinatie Nederland was founded, this is a network of 80 Destination and City Marketing organizations.
See also, Tourism in the Netherlands."
Water tourism,
Tourism in New Zealand,"Tourism in New Zealand comprised an important sector of the national economy – tourism directly contributed NZ$16.2 billion (or 5.8%) of the country's GDP in the year ended March 2019. As of 2016 tourism supported 188,000 full-time-equivalent jobs (nearly 7.5% of New Zealand's workforce). The flow-on effects of tourism indirectly contributed a further 4.3% of GDP (or NZ$9.8 billion). Despite the country's geographical isolation, spending by international tourists accounted for 17.1% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$12 billion). International and domestic tourism contributed, in total, NZ$34 billion to New Zealand's economy every year as of 2017.New Zealand markets itself abroad as a ""clean, green"" adventure-playground (Tourism New Zealand's main marketing slogan, ""100% Pure New Zealand"", reflects this), emphasising as typical tourist destinations  nature areas such as Milford Sound, Abel Tasman National Park and the Tongariro Alpine Crossing; while activities such as bungee jumping or whale watching exemplify typical tourist attractions, marketed primarily to individual and small-group travellers.  Australia provides by far the largest group of New Zealand's international tourists (about 45%), due to its close proximity (three to four hours by plane) and traditional good relations. Mainland China, the United States and the United Kingdom are the next three largest markets.

The vast majority of international tourist arrivals to New Zealand come through Auckland Airport, which handled 11.5 million international passengers in 2019. Two percent of visitors arrived by sea as of 2009. Many international tourists spend time in Auckland, Christchurch, Queenstown, Rotorua, and Wellington. Other high-profile destinations include the Bay of Islands, the Waitomo Caves, Aoraki / Mount Cook, and Milford Sound. Many tourists travel considerable distances through the country during their stays, typically using coach lines or hired cars. Though some destinations have seasonal specialities (for winter sports, for example), New Zealand's southern-hemisphere location offers attractions for off-peak northern-hemisphere tourists chasing or avoiding certain seasons. In June 2018 the New Zealand government announced the imposition of a ""tourist tax"" of around NZ$25 to NZ$35 for international visitors, excluding Australians, many Pacific islanders, and young children. It planned to implement this taxation in 2019 through a newly proposed electronic travel-registration process.The interaction of the demands of international tourism and aspects of New Zealand's self-perceived national character (such as individualism and classless egalitarianism)
can entail contradictions."
Camping in New Zealand,"Camping is a popular activity for both New Zealand residents and for some of the two million foreign tourists arriving every year. Campsites of different standards, generally in conjunction with other forms of accommodation, are offered by holiday park operators throughout New Zealand. The facilities at these campsites vary from just a basic toilet to a full range of camp ground amenities.Popular campsites during the summer holidays include the Mavora Lakes, Kaiteriteri Beach, Mārahau and the Coromandel Peninsula. The summer holiday period, which is over Christmas and New Year, coincides with the peak of inbound tourists, leading to high levels of crowding at popular locations."
Destination New Zealand,"Destination New Zealand is a tourism television programme that features major tourism locations in New Zealand. The programme is produced by Tourism Network, who work with Tourism New Zealand to promote tourists to travel and explore New Zealand."
Alec and Peter Graham,"Alexander Carter Graham  (1881–1957) and Peter Graham  (1878–1961) were mountaineers, guides and hotel operators in New Zealand. They were instrumental in the establishment of the early New Zealand tourist industry and earned themselves worldwide reputations as climbers and guides."
I am Dunedin,"I am Dunedin is an advertising slogan created for the city of Dunedin in New Zealand by the marketing and communications agency of the Dunedin City Council (DCC). It was first used in the television commercial ""Are You Ready for Dunedin life?"" Since then, several print advertisements and television advertisements were created using the slogan to promote Dunedin's culture and heritage.
The Iogo’s background is blue and the slogan is gold. The official website of the City of Dunedin is at the lower right hand side of the logo."
New Zealand Cycle Trail,"The New Zealand Cycle Trail project (Māori: Nga Haerenga, ""The Journeys"") is a New Zealand government initiative, co-funded together with local councils and charitable trusts, which is to build and operate a network of cycle routes through the country.
As of mid-2011, the first of the 18 proposed 'Great Rides' (dedicated cycleways, mostly off-road and in particularly scenic locations) were being finished, while construction was ongoing on most of the others. The first set of 'Touring Routes' (mostly on-road, to connect Great Rides), had also been announced. At the end of 2013, with the initial $50 million (plus local co-funding) essentially all spent or allocated, about 19 routes were expected to be in operation. By 2016, when added funding was announced, the total route length was about 2,500 km (1,600 mi)."
RealNZ,"RealNZ is a New Zealand tourism company based in Queenstown. The company offers a range of travel, cruises and excursions in Queenstown, Milford Sound / Piopiotahi, Te Anau, Fiordland and Stewart Island / Rakiura.  It also operates two skifields Cardrona Alpine Resort, and Treble Cone, and the International Antarctic Centre in Christchurch.  The company is the successor of a series of acquisitions in the South Island tourist sector over more than 60 years. The brand RealNZ was launched in October 2021 to bring together multiple brands and businesses including Real Journeys that were previously part of the Wayfare Group, although some of the businesses have retained individual branding."
Tolkien tourism,"Tolkien tourism is a phenomenon of fans of The Lord of the Rings fictional universe making media pilgrimages to sites of film- and book-related significance. It is especially notable in New Zealand, site of the movie trilogy by Peter Jackson, where it is credited as having raised the annual tourism numbers."
Tourism New Zealand,"Tourism New Zealand is the marketing agency responsible for promoting New Zealand as a tourism destination internationally. It is the trading name of the New Zealand Tourism Board, a Crown entity established under the New Zealand Tourism Board Act 1991. The  Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; (previously the New Zealand Ministry of Tourism) is the government department tasked with tourism policy and research.
In undertaking this promotion, it has a stated objective to contribute to New Zealand's well-being across four pillars: the Economy, Nature, Culture, and Society."
Youth Hostel Association of New Zealand,"The Youth Hostel Association of New Zealand (often shortened to YHA New Zealand or YHANZ) is a youth hostelling association in New Zealand. As of 2022, it comprises 16 privately owned associate backpacker hostels—8 in the North Island, and 9 in the South Island. All properties are franchise or associate partners.
Celebrating the 75th anniversary of the organisation in 2007, then Governor-General Sir Anand Satyanand described YHA NZ as a ""standout New Zealand organisation"" and ""such an iconic feature of holidaying in New Zealand"". The YHA hostel in Wellington (now closed) won the Hostelworld ""Hoscar"" prize for Best Hostel in Oceania in 2007 and 2008. In 2009 the YHA hostel in Rotorua (now closed) won the award.In November 2021, it was reported that YHA New Zealand would close its remaining 11 managed hostels in December, due largely to COVID-related financial losses, however 20 other individually-owned YHAs will continue to operate as normal.  These 20 individually-owned YHAs are as follows: Ahipara, Paihia, Bay of Islands, National Park, Taupō, Waitomo, Whanganui, Whangarei, Arthur's Pass, Golden Bay, Hanmer Springs, Kinloch, Nelson, Picton, Punakaiki, Springfield, Westport."
Tourism in Nicaragua,"Tourism in Nicaragua has grown considerably recently, and it is now the second largest industry in the nation. Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country.The growth in tourism has positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. The results for Nicaragua's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2010.In mid-2018, tourism in Nicaragua came to a virtual standstill due to the 2018–2021 Nicaraguan protests."
Tourism in Niger,"There is relatively limited tourism in Niger. Most of the tourism industry is in the north, where the city of Agadez allows access to the desert. Other places that see tourism are the capital city, Niamey, areas around the Niger River, and reserves such as Kouré which is known for West African giraffes.Tourism in Northern Niger started to develop in the 1970s. Tourism dropped during the Tuareg rebellion in the early 90s.There is an ongoing travel warning to Niger because of terrorism as a result of the Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) and the Boko Haram insurgency. The 2020 Toumour attacks happened on the 12th of December 2020, when Boko Haram militants attacked the village of Toumour, killing 28 people and wounding around 100 people."
Tourism in Nigeria,"Tourism in Nigeria centers largely on events, due to the country's ample amount of ethnic groups, but also includes rain forests, savannah, waterfalls, and other natural attractions. Tourists spent US$2.6 billion in Nigeria in 2015. This dropped to US$1.5 billion in 2017, probably due to the rise of the Boko Haram insurgency of 2015."
Akwaaba African Travel Market,"Akwaaba African Travel Market (AFTM) is an international travel, tourism and hospitality event organized annually in Lagos, Nigeria aimed at businesses, investors, governments decision - makers and buyers in the industry, providing business opportunities, industry news and showcasing products in Africa and around the world. It serves as a platform to trade and network. 
Akwaaba African Travel Market is the first travel market in West Africa.The first Akwaaba African Travel Market (AFTM) was held in Lagos in 2005.In 2005, from the participation of two countries, Ghana and Sao Tome, coming to Nigeria for the event in the debut year in 2005, the event has grown over the years with increasing number of active exhibitors within and outside Africa, with over 20 participating countries, about 10,000 attendance and having partnerships with Africa countries tourism boards, World Tourism Organization UNWTO, Africa Travel Association (ATA), Kwanza Trade Marketing of Dubai, African Business Travel Association (ABTA), International Tourism Trade Fair Association (ITTFA) and International Air Transport Association (IATA).
As quoted by Akwaaba African Travel Market organizer, Ikechi Uko: ""The fair has opened the door to Nigeria and Africa tourism markets and served as a platform for exchange of cultural and tourism potentials among participating countries""."
Dagona Birds Sanctuary,"Dagona Birds Sanctuary is a waterfowl sanctuary and a tourist centre located in Bade, an LGA in Yobe State, Northeastern Nigeria. It is one of the important regions marked for conservation of avifauna species in Sub-Saharan Africa."
Eluoma,"Eluoma (or Eluama) is a town in Amawu, Isuikwuato, Abia State  of Nigeria. It is the largest town in Isuikwuato, having more than 10 distinct villages. It also occupies the largest geographical space in the whole of Isuikwuato, and has the most varied vegetation, relief and drainage. It shares boundaries with Amiyi Uhu, Amiyi Obilohia, Otampa, Umuasua, Umuobiala, Nnunya and Umuahia. It is a few kilometres from Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State and about 20 kilometres from Umuahia, the capital of Abia State, in the South Eastern part of Nigeria. Eluoma people are Igbos  by ethnicity and belong to what was formally called Igbo Union from which the ""Central Igbo"" was derived."
Iganmode Cultural Festival,"Iganmode Cultural Festival (also known as Odun Omo Iganmode) is an annual festival celebrated by the Awori Yoruba people of the ancient city of Ota in Ogun State, Nigeria. The week long annual festival usually takes place in December of every year, to showcase the cultural, spiritual and mystical heritage of the Ota Awori people. The festival is also a spiritual bugle, a home coming call for a cultural renaissance and re awakening call to all sons and daughters of Awori sub-nationality, in Lagos, Ogun, Osun, Republic of Benin, diaspora and wherever they be may be on the face of earth."
Tourist attractions in Lagos,"Lagos State in Nigeria is home to several notable tourist sites. Tourism in Lagos State was first fashioned in 1995 by the Military Administration; ever since then, tourism sites have received thousands of visitors.
In order to increase the viability of tourism, arts and culture in the state, the previous state governor Akinwunmi Ambode in 2015 renamed the tourism ministry responsibilities to the Ministry of Tourism Arts and Culture."
Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation,"The Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC) is an agency of the Nigerian state, and specifically the Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and National Orientation, responsible for the overall development of the country's tourism."
Tour Nigeria,"Tour Nigeria is the name of a tourism brand created by the Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC), to promote domestic tourism in Nigeria.
 
The ″Tour Nigeria″ tourism brand was officially branded and launched by Folorunsho Coker, the present Director General of the Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation, in 2017."
Tourism and deforestation in Nigeria,"Tourism is a multifaceted industry that involves the movement of people from one location to another for leisure, business, or other purposes. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines tourism as ""the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes""."
Tourism in North Macedonia,"Tourism in North Macedonia is a large factor of the nation's economy. The country's large abundance of natural and cultural attractions make it suitable for tourism.
In 2019, North Macedonia received 1,184,963 tourist arrivals out of which 757,593 were foreign."
Kral Kızı Mausoleum,"Kral Kızı Monument or Kral Kızı Mausoleum (Macedonian: Турбе на кралската ќерка, Turkish: Kral Kızı Türbesi, Serbo-Croatian: Kral K'zi) is a mausoleum dedicated to the Bosnian princess Catherine located in the city of Skopje, North Macedonia, near the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics of Ss. Cyril and Methodius University. The tomb was reconstructed in 2014 by the Ministry of Culture of Macedonia with financial contribution from the Ministry of Culture and Sports of Bosnia and Herzegovina, after having been destroyed in the 1963 earthquake.
There has been a dilemma among scientists and the local population if it is a cult place or a personal cult which has got several tombs at different locations. The mausoleum of the king's daughter (princess) takes place among Islamic-Oriental sacral objects, also among Ottoman-Bosniak, and broadly spoken, of Macedonian cultural heritage in the Balkan Peninsula."
Macedonia Timeless,"Macedonia Timeless (Macedonian: Македонија Вечна, transliterated Makedonija Večna) is a series of promotional tourist videos about the Republic of North Macedonia. The videos showcase scenery from the Balkan country and its culture  to a foreign audience. Each video of the project is the work of a private production company, carried out on behalf of the government of North Macedonia, which officially funds the effort. The purpose of the project as it is defined is ""to promote awareness of Macedonian tourism opportunities""."
Tourism in Northern Cyprus,"Tourism has affected the development of Northern Cyprus. Its share of the GDP of Northern Cyprus is significant.
In the early 1970s Varosha, Famagusta was the most popular destination in Cyprus, (and popular in the world) before its abandonment in Turkish invasion of Cyprus 1974."
Marinas in Turkey,"Marinas in Turkey, ports of call for international and local yachtsmen, are equipped with modern services routinely expected in recreational boating industry. They are found either in or near Istanbul or İzmir, the two largest port cities of the country whose economies are focused on tourism in the Aegean Sea or the Mediterranean Sea, with a particular concentration in southwest Anatolia.
The country's increasing popularity in nautical tourism is advantaged by its coastline and a past noted for the seafaring literature, some of whose references are part of everyday culture, as is the case for the Blue Cruise, and the search for the Golden Fleece. It is noteworthy to recall that, apart from the larger installations listed below, there are also numerous points of stop and supply which offer the advantages inherent to smaller enterprises, sometimes in a family environment, at the same time as putting the geography of the Turkish coasts to good use. 

Since recent years, these installations offer the modern infrastructure and facilities that are considered as requirements with increasing rapidity and sophistication, catering a whole range of services. Sizable investments by non-Turkish investors have been made in some of the marina installations below and prominent Turkish private sector groups view marinas as an attractive investment that also enhances their prestige, and thus have built or acquired one to include in their overall portfolio."
Tourism in Norway,"As of 2019, Norway ranks 22nd in the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report. Tourism in Norway contributed to 4.2% of the gross domestic product as reported in 2018. Every seven in a hundred people throughout the country work in the tourism industry. Tourism is seasonal in Norway, with more than half of total tourists visiting between the months of May and August."
Kystpilgrimsleia,"Kystpilgrimsleia, Norwegian for ""Coastal Pilgrim Route"", is the name of the pilgrim way that runs along the west coast of Norway and culminates at the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. Kystpilgrimsleia is a joint project between four counties and four diocese to create a comprehensive and sustainable tourism product that promotes cultural heritage and provides a unique experience of more all the fjords of Norway."
The Norwegian Museum of Travel and Tourism,"The Norwegian Museum of Travel and Tourism is a museum located in Sogndal in Vestland county, Norway. The main aim of the museum is to exhibit the history of tourism in Norway from the beginning of the boom in the 19th century, and until today. It is a unit of Museums of Sogn og Fjordane."
Norwegian Trekking Association,"The Norwegian Trekking Association (Norwegian: Den norske turistforening, DNT) is a Norwegian association which maintains mountain trails and cabins in Norway. The association was founded on 21 January 1868 with the scope ""to help and develop tourism in this country"". Today the goal is to work for simple, secure and environmentally friendly outdoor activities. DNT has currently more than 300,000 individual members, and 57 local chapters. It also has several ""honorary members"", prominent people who have shown a keen interest in Norwegian nature and given the country publicity as a tourist destination, among them Kofi Annan and Katie Melua. The secretary-general of the association is Dag Terje Klarp Solvang.The mountains of Norway have always been utilised by the Norwegian people since the first Norwegians followed the reindeer when the ice cap retracted ten thousand years ago.
DNT's first hut was Krokan by the Rjukan waterfall.  The waterfall was later harnessed for hydropower production and the hut was sold.  Today it is re-opened, situated by the main road from Tinn to Vinje. Together with local organisations all over Norway, it operates more than 550 cabins in Norwegian mountains and forest areas.
Olav Thon, a Norwegian real-estate investor and hobby trekker, has so far donated 55 million kr to the association. The money has been spent to build new and refurbish existing cabins."
Risør Underwater Post Office,"Risør Underwater Post Office (Norwegian: Risør Undervannspostkontor) is a post office constructed by use of a diving bell, built as a tourist attraction and located on the ocean floor in Risør, a small town on the southern Norwegian coast. Authorized by the Norwegian Postal system as a bona fide post office, eligible for collection and processing of letters, it is the only dry underwater post office in the world; other underwater post offices operate in wet environments. It is in operation during the summer months, as this period coincides with the tourist season as well as the warmer climate."
Scandinavian Tourist Board,"The Scandinavian Tourist Board (STB) is a joint initiative by the national tourist boards of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. STB is responsible for promoting Scandinavia and Scandinavian tourism products in Asia-Pacific with particular emphasis on the major markets of Japan and China."
Three in Norway (by two of them),"Three in Norway (by two of them) is a travelogue from the 19th century in Norway, written by James A. Lees and Walter J. Clutterbuck. Fjågesund and Syme identify it as one of the most frequently reprinted travel accounts for Norway."
UT.no,"UT.no is a Norwegian trip planning website. The site was originally a joint undertaking between the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, and was launched on 23 October 2009.
The site has information about hiking, skiing, sightseeing trips, amongst others.A mobile application for iPhone and Android was launched in 2012, with maps and descriptions of hikes and cottages."
Tourism in Oman,"Oman is a country on the Arabian Peninsula. Tourism in Oman grew considerably during the 2000s, and a 2013 report predicted that it would become one of the largest industries in the nation. In 2019, Oman attracted about 4.1 million visitors from around the world, a massive increase from 3.1 million in 2017 as per the 2019 Tourism Statistic Bulletin from the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), Oman.
Oman has various tourist attractions, particularly within the realm of cultural tourism. Muscat was named the best city to visit in the world by American travel guide publisher Lonely Planet in 2012, and was chosen as the Capital of Arab Tourism of 2012."
Maitha Al Mahrouqi,"Her Excellency Maitha Saif Majid Al Mahrouqi, Arabic: ميثاء المحروقي is an Omani businesswoman and politician, who is the Undersecretary for Tourism in Oman."
Omran Company,"Oman Tourism Development Company (OMRAN) is a Government owned company mandated to drive the investment, growth and development of the tourism sector in the Sultanate of Oman. Established in 2005, they are the master developers of major tourism, heritage and urban developments."
Tourism in Pakistan,"Tourism in Pakistan is a growing industry. In 2010, Lonely Planet termed Pakistan ""tourism's 'next big thing'"". The country is geographically and ethnically diverse, and has a number of historical and cultural heritage sites. Condé Nast Traveller ranked Pakistan The Best Holiday Destination for 2020 and also declared it the third-highest potential adventure destination in the world for 2020. As security in the country improves, tourism increases; in two years, it has increased by more than 300%. The Pakistani government had launched online visa services for 175 countries and 50 countries were offered visa on arrival, making visiting Pakistan easier. The country received an influx of travel vloggers, who promoted the characteristics of the country, such as in the Northern Pakistan, like Hunza and Skardu.In 2018, the British Backpacker Society ranked Pakistan the world's top adventure travel destination, describing the country as ""one of the friendliest countries on earth, with mountain scenery that is beyond anyone's wildest imagination"". Forbes ranked Pakistan as one of the ‘coolest places’ to visit in 2019. The World Economic Forum's Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report placed Pakistan in the top 25 percent of global destinations for its World Heritage Sites, which range from the mangroves in the Indus delta to the Indus Valley civilization sites including Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.According to the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017, the direct contribution of travel and tourism to Pakistan's GDP in 2015 was US$328.3 million, constituting 2.8% of the total GDP. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the direct contribution of travel and tourism to Pakistan's GDP in 2016 was Rs. 793 billion (equivalent to Rs. 4.0 trillion or US$14 billion in 2021), constituting 2.7% of the total GDP. By 2025, the government predicts tourism will contribute Rs. 1 trillion (US$3.5 billion) to the Pakistani economy.In October 2006, one year after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, The Guardian released a list of ""the top five tourist sites in Pakistan"" to help the country's tourism industry. The sites included Lahore, the Karakoram Highway, Karimabad and Lake Saiful Muluk. To promote the country's cultural heritage, in 2007, Pakistan launched the ""Visit Pakistan"" marketing campaign that involved events including fairs, religious festivals, regional sporting events, arts and craft shows, folk festivals and openings of historical museums.In 2013, over half a million tourists visited Pakistan, contributing $298 million; these figures have since risen to over 6.6 million tourists in 2018. By comparison, Pakistan's domestic tourism industry is estimated at 50 million tourists who travel in the country on short trips usually between May and August. The largest inflow of tourists are from the United Kingdom, followed by the United States, India and China."
Dilkash Pakistan,"Dilkash Pakistan is a travel guide television program on Pakistan. It was an informative programme and showed the culture and traditions of different areas in Pakistan. The program was hosted by Ayesha Khalid and telecast on CNBC Pakistan, which is now known as GNN."
Forestry in Pakistan,"The forestry sector of Pakistan is a main source of lumber, paper, fuelwood, latex, medicine as well as food and provide ecotourism and wildlife conservation purposes. 4.91% of Pakistan's land is covered in forest.The Shangla district is the only district of Pakistan that composed of more than 80% of forest land"
Gilgit-Baltistan Tourism Department,Gilgit-Baltistan Tourism Department is a government body to control tourism and travel in the Pakistani self-governing territory of Gilgit–Baltistan.  It controls travel visas and all types of tourism.
List of hotels in Pakistan,"This is a list of hotels in Pakistan, listed separately for four of its provinces, territories and other administrative units of Pakistan. The list is not a directory of every chain or independent hotel building in Pakistan."
"Institute of Culture Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality Management","The Institute of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality Management (ICHTHM) was established at University of Swat in Pakistan with a view to prepare professionals in cultural heritage management, tourism and hospitality management, and archaeology."
Kohsar Tourism Expressway,"The Kohsar Tourism Expressway, also known as the Tourism Expressway, is a multi-million rupee project in Pakistan aimed at promoting tourism in the country. The expressway project is planned to connect Rawalpindi to Murree and extend further up to Muzaffarabad in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). This expressway is intended to offer an alternative route for travelers between significant destinations in the region, particularly catering to tourists.The project involves the reconstruction and expansion of a 123-kilometre-long (76 mi) road, with an estimated cost of approximately PKR 4.5 billion. Once completed, the road will be widened to 24 feet (7.3 m). The Punjab government has assigned the Frontier Works Organisation (FWO) to undertake this significant project, and they have already received PKR 1.75 billion for commencing the work during the current fiscal year.This new expressway is expected to have investment and commercial opportunities for both local and international tourists in the region. Alongside the road, plans include constructing high-rise buildings, restaurants, rest stops, and motels, which will contribute to strengthening the local economy and create employment opportunities also."
Kumrat Valley,"Kumrat (Urdu: کُمراٹ) is a valley in the Upper Dir District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Kumrat Valley is located about 45 minutes away from the town of Thal on the banks of the Panjkora River, and is among the most popular tourist spots in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Every summer season, around a million tourists from different areas of the country visit Kumrat Valley for its greenery and cool weather. Around Eid al-Fitr holidays, around 2,000 vehicles enter the region on a daily basis. It can only be accessed using 4x4 vehicles, as the road leading to it is unmetalled."
Lok Virsa Museum,"Heritage Museum (Urdu: لوک ورثہ عجائب گھر), also known as Lok Virsa Museum is a museum administered and managed by Lok Virsa - National Institute of Folk & Traditional Heritage.  It is a museum of history and culture in Islamabad, Pakistan, located on the Shakarparian Hills showcasing the living cultures of Pakistan. The museum opened in 1974 and became an autonomous institute in 2002 following the Lok Virsa Legal Status Ordinance, 2002. The museum consists of several buildings as well as an outdoor museum which can accommodate up to 3000 visitors."
Medical tourism in Pakistan,"Medical tourism in Pakistan is viewed as an untapped market that could be turned into a huge opportunity if the government ""focuses on key issues"". According to Pakistani medical experts, Pakistan has a ""huge potential"" in becoming a regional medical tourism hub, comparable to many other countries in its neighbourhood. Medical tourism in Pakistan has been arranging potential trips for many medical health and care procedures. A number of modern hospital facilities exist in major cities such as Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore that are fully equipped and facilitated with the latest medical technologies. Many doctors and surgeons in Pakistani hospitals tend to be foreign qualified. However, security issues and an overall below-par health infrastructure have challenged the growth of the industry."
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan),The Ministry of Tourism was a ministry of the Government of Pakistan. It was established to develop the tourism industry in Pakistan. It was abolished after the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed. Its main objectives and functions were largely transferred to the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC).
2013 Nanga Parbat massacre,"The 2013 Nanga Parbat massacre was a terrorist attack that took place on the night of 22 June 2013 in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. About 16 militants, reportedly dressed in Gilgit−Baltistan Scouts uniforms, stormed a high-altitude mountaineering base camp and killed 11 people; 10 climbers and one local tourist guide. The climbers were from various countries, including Ukraine, China, Slovakia, Lithuania and Nepal. A Chinese citizen managed to escape the assailants, and a member of the group from Latvia happened to be outside the camp during the attack. The attack took place at a base camp on Nanga Parbat, the ninth-highest mountain on Earth. The mountain is popular among trekkers and mountaineers, and is typically toured from June to August because of the ideal weather conditions during these months.In November 2013, many of the assailants involved in the attack were arrested and tried under the Anti-Terrorist Act, although most of those who were arrested had been released by 2014; the identities of the actual perpetrators were never confirmed. According to the Pakistani Senate's standing committee on foreign relations, the original motive of the militants had not been to kill the tourists, but to kidnap them for ransom."
Pakistan Tourism Development Corp,"Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation or PTDC (Urdu: ادارہ برائے فروغِ سیاحت پاکستان) is an organization of the Government of Pakistan. PTDC is governed by the Board of Directors and provides transportation to various areas and owns and runs several motels across the country. It was incorporated on 30 March 1970. Sayed Zulfiqar Abbas Bukhari is serving as the Chairman of the organization.
In 2018, the British Backpacker Society ranked Pakistan as the top country for adventure travel destination. In response to the ranking, the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation introduced a visa on arrival system for tourists visiting Pakistan from 24 countries, with the Managing Director of the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation stating that the ranking was a ""huge honour"" for Pakistan.In 2017, tourism contributed around $19.4 billion to Pakistan's economy, according to World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). Within a decade, WTTC expects it to rise to $36.1 billion."
Pakistan Youth Hostels Association,"The Pakistan Youth Hostels Association is a non-profit, non-political, voluntary national organization providing hostelling services in Pakistan. It is financed by the Pakistan Youth Hostels Association Trust and by the Government of Pakistan. PYHA is a member of Hostelling International and now operates 16 hostels all over the country. The head office is in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan and four new hostels are under construction in Karachi, Gilgit and Jamshoro. It is registered under the Societies' Act 1860 and is recognized by the Government of Pakistan as a national organization for promoting youth hostelling in the country. It is governed by its Constitution. The current Chairman of the organization is Mr Wasim Sajjad."
Pallimas Valley,"The Pallimas Valley Urdu (وادی پلیماس) Sindhi (وادي پلیماس) is a valley in Wadh Tesil, nearby Wadh town of Khuzdar District, Balochistan, a western province of Pakistan.The Kunj and other hill torrents flow from mountainous area towards the valley. The ancient inscriptions and Tharia Cave Paintings have been explored in the vicinity of this valley as well. Maney historical and archaeological sites are located in valley which possibly are the period of Nal Civilisation of Nall, Pakistan"
Sindh Tourism Development Corporation,"Sindh Tourism Development Corporation (STDC) (Sindhi: سنڌ ٽوئرزم ڊولپمينٽ ڪارپوريشن) is an organization of the Government of Sindh, Pakistan. STDC is governed by the Board of directors and provides facilities to the national and international tourists. It runs several motels and resorts across the Sindh province. STDC was incorporated on June 5, 1992.The corporation was formed to develop and promote tourism in Sindh, using its geographical assets, its ancient history, its Sufi heritage, its archaeology, its creative and performing arts, and its literature."
Tourism in Gilgit-Baltistan,"Tourism in Gilgit-Baltistan, an administered territory of Pakistan, focuses on its access to various mountain ranges and alpine terrain."
Umbrella Waterfall,"Umbrella Waterfall is a waterfall located in the Sajikot area of Abbottabad District. It has recently emerged as a new tourist attraction in the KPK province of Pakistan. The waterfall is located 27 Kilometers from Havelian. To reach the waterfall, you have to hike down about 30 to 45 minutes from the village of Poona. The Umbrella Waterfall is on the same road where the famous Sajikot Waterfall is located. Umbrella Waterfall became a tourist attraction when a youtube channel, 'Shams Shaukat films' posted a vlog of umbrella waterfalls as world's most beautiful waterfall and it went viral on the internet. After that video went viral, many other YouTubers of Pakistan visited the place and covered the waterfall."
Visa policy of Pakistan,"Visitors to Pakistan typically must obtain a visa from one of the Pakistani diplomatic missions. Pakistani missions abroad offer various categories of visas, with some travelers eligible for visa on arrival if traveling as part of a group tour, or for business. Pakistan also offers electronic visa application and electronic travel authorization for issuance of visa on arrival.Applicants must typically apply for visas in their country of origin, but may apply from a third country if they are legal permanent residents of that country."
Tourism in the State of Palestine,"Tourism in the Palestinian territories is tourism in East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited the Palestinian territories, compared to 2.6 million in 2009. Of that number, 2.2 million were foreign tourists while 2.7 million were domestic. In the last quarter of 2012 over 150,000 guests stayed in West Bank hotels; 40% were European and 9% were from the United States and Canada. Major travel guides write that ""the West Bank is not the easiest place in which to travel but the effort is richly rewarded.""The Palestinian tourism ministry and Israeli tourism ministry have attempted to work together on tourism in the Palestinian territories in a Joint Committee. Recent cooperation to share access to foreign tourists has not proven successful in Palestine for many reasons. Israel controls the movement of tourists into the West Bank. Palestinian tour guides or transportation companies have not been able to enter Israel since 2000, and in 2009, Israel's Ministry of Tourism deleted the West Bank and any Palestinian area from its materials. Former Palestinian Authority Tourism Minister Kholoud Diibes has commented ""that Israel collects 90% of [religious] pilgrim-related revenue"". Foreign tourism has been restricted to East Jerusalem and the West Bank since the August 2013 indefinite closing of the Rafah crossing located between Egypt and the Hamas controlled Gaza Strip. There is essentially no tourist flow to Gaza since 2005 because of the ongoing Israeli military land, sea, and air blockade.
In 2013 Palestinian Authority Tourism minister Rula Ma'ay'a stated that her government aims to encourage international visits to Palestine, but the occupation is the main factor preventing the tourism sector from becoming a major income source to Palestinians. There are no visa conditions imposed on foreign nationals other than those imposed by the visa policy of Israel. Access to Jerusalem and the West Bank is completely controlled by the Government of Israel. Access to Gaza is controlled by Israel and Egypt. Entry to the occupied Palestinian territories requires only a valid international passport. U.S. citizens who are suspected of being Muslims, Arabs, or ""being participants in planned political protest activities or of supporting NGOs that are critical of Israeli policies"" are often subjected to extensive questioning from immigration officials. These groups of tourists are subject to delay, interrogation, or even, denial of access to lawyers, consular officers, and family, and denial of entry."
Alternative Tourism Group,"Alternative Tourism Group and Study Center (ATG) is a Palestinian NGO based in Beit Sahour (Bethlehem) that specialises in tours and pilgrimages that include critical examinations of the history, culture, and politics of the Holy Land.
ATG was established in 1995 by the late Jamal Salameh, Majed Nassar, Rifat Odeh Kassis, Ghassan Andoni and Elias Rishmawi, and operates according to the tenets of fair trade and justice tourism — that is, tourism that holds as its central goals the creation of economic opportunities for the local community, positive cultural exchange between guest and host through one-on-one interaction, the protection of the environment, and political/historical education.
ATG encourages tourism operators to abandon exploitative mass tourism and to adopt practices that positively affect the host population in Palestine. Through these methods, ATG seeks to promote a positive image of Palestine and its people and to contribute to the establishment of a durable peace in the area."
Birthright Unplugged,"Birthright Unplugged is an educational organization, designed as a response to the Birthright Israel trips. The name ""Birthright Unplugged"" is a spin on the ""Birthright Israel"" program."
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Palestine),"The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in Palestine is a governmental body responsible for the development and management of the tourism sector in Palestine, as well as the preservation and protection of the country's cultural heritage and antiquities. Rula Maayah is the current minister.Established in 1994, the ministry's main goal is to promote Palestine as a unique and attractive tourism destination, with a focus on cultural and historical tourism. The ministry works towards achieving this goal by developing and implementing policies, strategies, and programs that support the growth of the tourism industry in Palestine, while also ensuring the preservation of the country's cultural heritage sites.The ministry's main activities include the identification, protection, and restoration of historic sites and buildings, as well as the development of cultural and heritage tourism products and services. The ministry also provides support and guidance to local communities and businesses involved in the tourism industry.Additionally, the ministry is responsible for regulating and licensing tour operators, travel agencies, and other tourism-related businesses in Palestine, as well as providing training and educational programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of the tourism workforce."
Tourism in Panama,"Tourism in Panama represents one of Panama‘s main activities. The main areas of tourism in the country focus on business tourism, beaches, health and trade. Most of the tourists come from the United States, Canada, Europe, Central America, and South America. Tourism generates profits of approximately US$1,400 million annually.
This figure has increased rapidly since the millionth tourist arrived in 2004. There were 2 million tourists in 2011.About 1.5 million tourists entered Panama in 2013 via the airport of Tocumen. In Panama a tourist, on average, spends US$365–385per day, the highest per capita tourist spending in Central America, while the average tourist in Panama stays for between 6 and 7 days.
In 2011, Panama was visited by more than 2 million tourists, an increase of 18% compared to 2010. The New York Times Magazine placed Panama as the best place to visit in 2012 as the country's economy was working well, with Panama having regained the control of the Canal 12 years previously. For the daily the hallmark of the country is the inter-oceanic way and its extension, which must end in 2014, with an investment of billions of dollars.
The Waldorf Astoria Panama, the first Waldorf Astoria hotel in Latin America, opened in March 2013. The Trump Ocean Club, opened in 2010 and is now JW Marriott Panama. The BioMuseo, a center of natural history, opened in October 2014. The old part of the city, Panamá Viejo, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. The archipelago of Bocas del Toro, is popular with backpackers."
Tourism in Papua New Guinea,"Tourism in Papua New Guinea is a fledgling industry but there are attractions for the potential visitor which include culture, markets, festivals, diving, surfing, hiking, fishing and the unique flora and fauna. Papua New Guinea receives an increasing number of visitors each year, with approximately 184,000 international arrivals in 2015."
Burns Philp,"Burns Philp (properly Burns, Philp & Co, Limited) was once a major Australian shipping line and merchant that operated in the South Pacific.  When the well-populated islands around New Guinea were targeted for blackbirding in the 1880s, a new rush for labour from these islands began. James Burns and Robert Philp purchased several well-known blackbirding ships to quickly exploit the human resource in this region, and Burns Philp entered the slave trade. The company ended its involvement in blackbirding in 1886. In later years the company was a major player in the food manufacturing business. Since its delisting from the Australian Securities Exchange in December 2006 and the subsequent sale of its assets, the company has mainly become a cashed up shell company. It is wholly owned by Graeme Hart's Rank Group (not to be confused with the British company of the same name)."
Tourism in Paraguay,"Tourism in Paraguay employs only 9,500 people, according to data from 2010.Paraguay was the least visited country of South America after Guyana and Suriname, with only 610,000 international tourists for the period 2013–2014."
Ecotourism in Paraguay,"Paraguay is notable for its history, culture and ecology."
Itaipu Lake,"Itaipu Lake (Portuguese: Lago de Itaipu, pronounced [ˈlaɡu dʒi itajˈpu]) is a lake on the Brazil-Paraguay border, artificially formed in 1982 on the Paraná River with the closing of the gates of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam detour channel. It covers an area of 1,350 km2 (520 sq mi), 770 km2 (300 sq mi) on the Brazilian side and 580 km2 (220 sq mi) on the Paraguayan side. It also includes 66 small islands, 44 of which are on the Brazilian side and 22 on the Paraguayan side of the border."
Ruins of Jesús de Tavarangue,"Jesús de Tavarangue was a Jesuit Reduction located in what is now Itapua, Paraguay. The ruins of the mission, together with those of Trinidad were designated a UN World Heritage Site designated in 1993."
Pikyry Refuge,"Pikyry is a biological reserve in the Alto Paraná Department of Paraguay, on the right bank of the Paraná river, and is one of the sites earmarked as 8 ecological reserve by the Itaipu dam, the largest dam in production in the world, located between Paraguay and Brazil. 
Located in a natural bay, Pikyry is formed by the stream and its confluence with the river Paraná, and has an area of 1,110 hectares"
Refugio Carapá,"Refugio Carapá is a biological reserve in the Department of Canindeyú, Paraguay, on the right bank of the Paraná River. It is one of eight sites earmarked as an ecological reserve near the Itaipu Dam, one of the largest dams in the world, located between Paraguay and Brazil. The reserve is 260 km (160 mi) north of the Ciudad del Este. It was founded in 1984 and is 3,250 hectares (8,000 acres)."
Refugio Mbaracayú,"The Mbaracayú (Maracaju) Biological Sanctuary is a binational reserve, located on the border between Paraguay and Brazil. It is one of the sites earmarked as ecological reserve by Itaipu Binacional, which operates the Itaipu Dam. Itaipu is the largest dam in production in the world, located between Paraguay and Brazil. It was founded in 1984 and is located at 300 km north of the city of Hernandarias. It has 1,356 ha. The refuge is managed by these two countries.The creation of the sanctuary was a solution to the old problem of boundaries between Brazil and Paraguay. Itaipu Binacional created a strip of environmental protection at the border between the cities of Mundo Novo (Brazil) and Salto del Guairá (Paraguay). Before the creation of the Refuge, the area was devoid of vegetation; in less than ten years of intensive work of environmental recovery, the area has been completely reforested. This is one of the geographic areas in which Brazilians and Paraguayans have been able to resolve territorial conflicts."
Reserva Itabó,"The Itabo Biological Reserve is located in the district of Hernandarias, Alto Paraná Department, Paraguay, on the right bank of the river Paraná, and is one of the 8 as sites for ecological reserve by the Itaipu dam, the largest dam in production in the world, located between Paraguay and Brazil. It is located at 80 km north of the city of Hernandarias. Their access routes are the backbone 1 and 2. It has an area of 15,208."
Reserva Limoy,"The biological Limoy Reserve is located in the district of Hernandarias Alto Paraná Department Paraguay, on the right bank of the river Paraná, and is one of the 8 sites for ecological reserve by the Itaipu, the largest dam in production in the world, located between Paraguay and Brazil. It is located at 160 km north of the city of Hernandarias, in the district of St. Albert. It was created in 1984 and has 14,828 hectares."
Rural tourism of Paraguay,"Paraguay is a rural country, and many urban residents enjoy vacationing on ranches in the countryside. While the tourism market is mainly domestic, some international tourists also visit rural Paraguay."
Saltos del Monday,"The Municipal Park Monday and its main attraction – approximately 45 m (148 ft) tall and 120 m (390 ft) wide waterfall named Saltos del Monday – are located in the Presidente Franco District, Alto Paraná Department, Paraguay, located around 25°33'40.6""S latitude and 54°38'00.1""W longitude, occupying an area of 1.6 hectares (4 acres)."
San Rafael Reserve of Manageable Resources,San Rafael Reserve of Manageable Resources is one of the most important reserves of natural resources in Paraguay.
Scientific Monument Moises Bertoni,"The Scientific Monument Moises Bertoni is located in the District of Presidente Franco, Department of Alto Paraná, Paraguay riverside Paraná, approximately 26 km of the city of Presidente Franco and was recognized on April 13, 1955, has an area of 199 hectares. 
This monument was the home of wise Swiss Moses Santiago Bertoni (born 1857 Lottigna, Ticino, Switzerland, died 1929 Foz de Iguazu, Paraguay), which eventually settled in this area while still young, and provided invaluable services to the people and Paraguayan Government. He became Minister of Agriculture, of Paraguay. He died at this site in 1929."
Tatí Yupí Refuge,"Tatí Yupí is a biological reserve in the district of Hernandarias, Alto Paraná Department, Paraguay. It is located on the right bank of the Paraná river and covers area of 2,245 hectares (5,550 acres). The reserve is one of 8 sites earmarked as the ecological reserve by the Itaipu, the largest dam in production in the world, located between Paraguay and Brazil.

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Tourism in Peru,"Since the 2000s, Tourism in Peru makes up the nation's third largest industry, behind fishing and mining. Tourism is directed towards archaeological monuments, ecotourism in the Peruvian Amazon, cultural tourism in colonial cities, gastronomic tourism, adventure tourism, and beach tourism. According to a Peruvian government study, the satisfaction rate for tourists after visiting Peru is 94%. Tourism is the most rapidly growing industry in Peru, growing annually at a rate of 25% over the past five years. Tourism is growing in Peru faster than any other country in South America. Iperú is the Peruvian national tourist office."
"Aguas Calientes, Peru","Machupicchu or Machupicchu Pueblo, also known as Aguas Calientes, is a location in Peru situated in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province. It is the seat of the Machupicchu District. Machupicchu lies at the Vilcanota River. It is the closest access point to the historical site of Machu Picchu which is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away or about a 90-minute walk. There are many hotels and restaurants for tourists, as well as natural hot baths which gave the town its colloquial Spanish name.
The village of Machupicchu did not exist until the railroad was built, as it was a center for construction workers. It took off after the railroad opened in 1931 and foreign tourists started arriving to visit the Machu Picchu ruins. Enterprising individuals set up businesses serving the tourists, primarily restaurants and small hotels. Those who could afford luxury stayed at the luxury hotel up by the ruins."
Andean Baroque Route,"The Andean Baroque Route is a scenic route of Peru mainly dedicated to 4 churches belonging to the Andean Baroque artistic movement, including the Society of Jesus Church of Cusco and the Saint Peter the Apostle Church of Andahuaylillas.
There are two possible versions of this route: one short and one long. The short route passes through Cusco, Andahuaylillas, Huaro and Urcos towards lake Titicaca and Bolivia. The long route includes these same stages but continues towards Puerto Maldonado after reaching Urcos. It passes through Ccatcca, Ocongate and Marcapata."
Arequipa,"Arequipa (Spanish pronunciation: [aɾeˈkipa]; Aymara and Quechua: Ariqipa) is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous province and department. It is the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru and often dubbed the ""legal capital of Peru"". It is the second most populated city in Peru, after Lima, with an urban population of 1,296,278 inhabitants according to the 2017 national census.Its metropolitan area integrates twenty-one districts, including the foundational central area, which it is the seat of the city government. The city had a nominal GDP of US$9,445 million, equivalent to US$10,277 per capita (US$18,610 per capita PPP) in 2015, making Arequipa the city with the second-highest economic activity in Peru.Arequipa is also an important industrial and commercial center of Peru, and is considered as the second industrial city of the country. Within its industrial activity the manufactured products and the textile production of wool of camelids. The town maintains close commercial links with Chile, Bolivia, and Brazil and with the cities connected by the South trainway, as well as with the port of Matarani.The city was founded on 15 August 1540, under the name of ""Beautiful Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption"" in the name of Marquis Francisco Pizarro. On 22 September 1541, the monarch Carlos V ordered that it should be called the ""City of Arequipa"". During the viceregal period, it acquired importance for its outstanding economic role, and is characterized by the fidelismo towards the Spanish Crown, which honored Arequipa with titles such as ""Very Noble and Very Loyal"". In the Republican history of Peru, the city has been the focus of popular, civic and democratic rebellions. It has also been the cradle of notable intellectual, political and religious figures. In the Republican era, it was awarded the title of ""Heroic city of the free people of Arequipa"".Its historical center extends over an area of 332 hectares and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Historical heritage and monumental that it houses and its diverse scenic and cultural spaces turn it into a host city of national and international tourism, in its historical center it highlights the religious architecture viceregal and republican product of mixture of Spanish and autochthonous characteristics, that constituted an own stylistic school called ""Arequipeña School"" whose influence arrived in Potosí (Bolivia)."
Belmond Hiram Bingham,"Belmond Hiram Bingham is a luxury train operating day return trips from Poroy station outside Cusco to Aguas Calientes, the station for Machu Picchu in Peru.
The train, named after Hiram Bingham, who rediscovered the largely forgotten Inca city of Machu Picchu, travels from the high Andes down the Sacred Valley, and for much of the journey it runs alongside the Urubamba River.
The train consists of two dining cars, a bar car and an observation car with an open deck. Passengers have brunch on the outbound journey and dinner on the return. Passengers can sample the local Peruvian pisco drink in the bar car and there is a live local band on board.
Belmond Hiram Bingham was launched in 1999 by Lorenzo Sousa owner and President of Peru Rail SA jointly with Orient-Express Hotels, when the company began operating PeruRail services in a 50:50 venture with Peruvian Trains and Railways, and three hotels (now increased to six 2017) in Peru."
Inkaterra,"Inkaterra is a Peruvian eco-tourism company.  Founded in 1975 by José Koechlin, the company owns and operates hotels at Machu Picchu Natural Reserve, the southeastern rain forest of the Amazon in Puerto Maldonado, Tambopata, the Sacred Valley, and a restored 16th century manor at Cusco."
Iperú,"Iperú Tourist Information and Assistance, or simply Iperú (with lower-case p) Spanish pronunciation: [ipeˈɾu]) is the Perú tourism office provided since 1994 by the Peruvian government through the Commission for the Promotion of Exports and Tourism of Perú (Spanish: Comisión de Promoción de las Exportaciones y el Turismo del Perú, Promperú) and the National Institute for Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intellectual, INDECOPI), to provide domestic and foreign travelers with objective and impartial information as well as support services. The organization's logo is the international tourist information symbol, a lower-case white ""i"" inside a blue circle, followed by ""perú"".
The Iperú headquarters are in Lima, and there are multilingual offices throughout the country.
During 2007, Iperú handled 287,492 cases, including requests for information and for assistance or both, all over Peru."
Tourism in the Philippines,"Tourism is an important sector for Philippine economy. The travel and tourism industry contributed 6.2%% to the country's GDP in 2022; this was lower than the 12.7% recorded in 2019 prior to the COVID-19 lockdowns. The country is known for having its rich biodiversity as its main tourist attraction. Popular destinations among tourists include Boracay, Palawan, and Siargao. Despite potential, the Philippines has lagged in tourism industry behind some of its Southeast Asian neighbors due to political and social problems.As of 2022, 5.23 million Filipinos were employed in the tourism industry, and the Philippine government received ₱208.96 billion (equivalent to $3.68 billion) in revenue from foreign tourists, about 25% of whom came from Boracay. The country attracted a total of 5,360,682 foreign visitors in 2015 through its tourism campaign of It's More Fun in the Philippines! In 2019, foreign arrivals peaked at 8,260,913.The country is also home to one of the New7Wonders of Nature, the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, and one of the New7Wonders Cities, the Heritage City of Vigan. It is also home to six UNESCO World Heritage Sites scattered in nine different locations, three UNESCO biosphere reserves, three UNESCO intangible cultural heritage, four UNESCO memory of the world documentary heritage, one UNESCO creative city, two UNESCO World Heritage cities, seven Ramsar wetland sites, and eight ASEAN Heritage Parks."
Carinderia,"Carinderia (sometimes spelled as Karinderya) is a common type of eatery in the Philippines that serves affordable and locally-inspired dishes. These food establishments, also known as turo-turo (meaning ""point-point"" in Filipino), play a significant role in Filipino cuisine and provide a convenient and economical dining option for people from all walks of life.

Carinderias are known for their affordability, making them accessible to a wide range of customers, from students and office workers to taxi drivers and construction workers. The low cost of meals is one of the main reasons why carinderias are popular among Filipinos. The affordability of carinderia food allows individuals and families to have a satisfying and substantial meal without straining their budgets."
List of tallest statues in the Philippines,"This list of tallest statues in the Philippines includes free-standing, completed statues in the Philippines that are at least 5 meters (16 feet) tall. The height of these statues are measured from the top of its base/pedestal up to its maximum height (including monuments with spires or obelisks)."
Philippine House Committee on Tourism,"The Philippine House Committee on Tourism, or House Tourism Committee is a standing committee of the Philippine House of Representatives."
Philippine Senate Committee on Tourism,The Philippine Senate Committee on Tourism is a standing committee of the Senate of the Philippines.
Tourism in Poland,"Poland is a part of the global tourism market with constantly increasing number of visitors. Tourism in Poland contributes to the country's overall economy. The most popular cities are Kraków, Warsaw, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Poznań, Szczecin, Lublin, Toruń, Zakopane, the Salt Mine in Wieliczka and the historic site of Auschwitz – A German Nazi concentration camp in Oświęcim. The best recreational destinations include Poland's Masurian Lake District, Baltic Sea coast, Tatra Mountains (the highest mountain range of Carpathians), Sudetes and Białowieża Forest. Poland's main tourist offers consist of sightseeing within cities, historical monuments, natural monuments, business trips, agrotourism, bicycle touring, qualified tourism, mountain hiking (trekking) and climbing among others."
Doły Jasielsko-Sanockie,"The Doły Jasielsko-Sanockie, Latin: Regio Pedemontana German: Sanoker Flachland (Jasielsko–Sanockie Valleys, Jasło and Sanok Valleys, the Jasło-Sanok Basin or Jasielsko-Sanockie Pits) is a mountain range stretching between the Wisłoka and San Rivers in the West Carpathian Plateau and Central Beskidian Piedmont in Poland."
European Route of Brick Gothic,"The European Route of Brick Gothic (EuRoB) is an association of cities, towns, regions, municipalities and institutions that have Brick Gothic buildings in their territory or have their headquarters in a Brick Gothic building. The network also includes several sponsors and cooperation partners.The route joins several hundred religious and secular buildings from Denmark, Germany and Poland, including monasteries, churches, town halls and town houses, as well as city fortifications such as city walls, towers and city gates.
The purpose of the association is the promotion of art and culture, of science, education and international understanding, and in particular the preservation of our common cultural heritage of Brick Gothic and its promotion to a larger public."
Orbis (Polish travel agency),"Orbis is the oldest travel agency in Poland, founded in 1920 in Lwów (now: Lviv, Ukraine). Currently, it is the largest hotel group in Poland and Central Europe, and parent company of Orbis S.A. Capital Group, which has nine subsidiaries. Its name comes from a Latin language word Orbis, which means world."
Polish plumber,The Polish plumber and the Polish builder are stereotypes of cheap labour coming from Central and Eastern Europe to work in Western Europe. They are both a symbol of the fear that cheap Eastern European labour is threatening the jobs of Western Europeans and a symbol of foreign labour being more affordable and reliable.
Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society,"Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze,  PTTK (Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society) is a Polish non-governmental tourist organization with 312 branches across the country.The PTTK is one of the oldest tourist societies in Europe. Its origins stretch back to the foreign Partitions of Poland. In August 1873 a group of tourism enthusiasts including painter and photographer Walery Eljasz Radzikowski from Kraków and physician Tytus Chałubiński founded the Polish cultural Tatra Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Tatrzańskie, originally the ""Galician"" Tatra Society for the Austrian censorship). A parallel Polish Sightseeing Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze) was founded by ethnographer Zygmunt Gloger in 1906.  The two organizations merged after World War II in 1950 to form the PTTK."
Three Emperors' Corner,"Three Emperors' Corner (Polish: Trójkąt Trzech Cesarzy, German: Dreikaisereck, Russian: Угол трёх императоров, romanized: Ugol tryokh imperatorov) is a former tripoint at the confluence of the Black and White Przemsza rivers, near the towns of Mysłowice, Sosnowiec and Jaworzno in the present-day Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. During the Partitions of Poland, from 1871 to 1918, it marked the place at which the borders of three empires that had divided Poland – the Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary and the German Empire – met."
Tourism in Portugal,"Tourism in Portugal serves millions of international and domestic tourists. Tourists visit to see cities, historic landmarks, enjoy beaches, or religious sites. As of 2019, Portugal had 27 million visitors. The most popular destinations were Lisbon, Porto, the Algarve, the Portuguese Riviera, Madeira, Sintra, Óbidos and Fátima. The most popular with internationals were Lisbon, the Algarve and Northern Portugal. National tourists prefer Northern Portugal, followed by Central Portugal and the Algarve."
Carros de cesto do Monte,"Carros de cesto do Monte (from pt. basket carts from Monte), known as Monte Toboggan – means of transportation from Monte in Funchal, the capital of Portuguese island Madeira. It consists of carts that are wicker baskets mounted on skids, sometimes compared to toboggan. They are pushed by men called Carreiros. Currently, they are a tourist attraction.

"
Holy Week in Braga,"The Holy Week in Braga is the most imposing, attractive and famous among all in Portugal, and the most important tourist and religious event in the city of Braga. It is estimated that about 100.000 people attend the major processions. It combines harmoniously elements of the liturgy and of popular piety, ancient traditions and innovation. Since November 2011, this event is officially “Declared of Interest to Tourism”."
List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal,"The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites of outstanding universal value to cultural or natural heritage which  have been nominated by countries that are signatories to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural heritage is defined as natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty. Portugal ratified the convention on 30 September, 1980.As of 2022, there are 17 World Heritage Sites listed in Portugal, with a further 19 on the tentative list. The first four sites listed in Portugal were the Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon, the Monastery of Batalha, the Convent of Christ in Tomar, and the town of Angra do Heroísmo, in 1983. The most recent additions to the list were the Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga and the Palace of Mafra with its hunting park in 2019. One site, the Laurisilva, is located in the island of Madeira and is Portugal's only natural site; the other sites are cultural. Two sites are located in the Azores archipelago. The Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde is shared with Spain, making it Portugal's only transnational site."
Tourism in Vila Nova de Gaia,"Vila Nova de Gaia is one of the leading tourism destinations in northern Portugal, located directly opposite Porto, on the South bank of Douro river. These two cities interconnect with each other through several bridges over Douro river. Vila Nova de Gaia is home to several notable attractions, such as the Port wine cellars, Dom Luís I Bridge, the Teleferico, Monastery of Serra do Pilar, Douro Estuary and 18 km long beaches."
Katara Towers,"Katara Towers (Arabic: أبراج كتارا), also referred to as Crescent Tower Lusail and Katara Hospitality Tower, is a high-rise tower in Lusail, Qatar. The luxury 5-star and 6-star hotel was opened in 2022 when Qatar hosted the World Cup in Qatar. The Katara Towers cover a total area of about 300,000 m2 (3,200,000 sq ft) and offers entertainment and recreational facilities, specialist boutiques, movie theatres and restaurants. Raffles Hotels & Resorts, Fairmont Hotels and Resorts and Accor are hosted in the building."
List of tourist attractions in Qatar,"Qatar is one of the fastest growing countries in the field of tourism. According to the World Tourism rankings, more than 2.3 million international tourists visited Qatar in 2017. Qatar has become one of the most open countries in the Middle East due to its recent visa facilitation improvements, including allowing  nationals of 88 countries to enter visa-free and free-of charge.Popular tourist attractions in Qatar include the following:"
Qatar Tourism Authority,"Qatar Tourism (QT) (Arabic: قطر للسياحة/الهيئة العامة للسياحة), a branch of the Government of Qatar, is the apex body responsible for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in Qatar. This ministry is responsible for tourist attractions and accommodations for travelers, including all tourism related products and services, to expand and diversify of Qatar's tourism industry, as well as building up the role of tourism in the GDP of the country and its future growth and social development.QT’s work is guided by the Qatar National Tourism Sector Strategy 2030 (QNTSS), published in February 2014, to set out a plan for the industry’s future development."
Tourism in Romania,"Romania's tourism sector had a direct contribution of EUR 5.21 billion to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2018, slightly higher than in 2017, placing Romania on the 32nd place in the world, ahead of Slovakia and Bulgaria, but behind Greece and the Czech Republic. The total tourism sector's total contribution to Romania's economy, which also takes into account the investments and spending determined by this sector, was some EUR 15.3 billion in 2018, up by 8.4% compared to 2017.In the first three months of the year 2018, there were 3.12 millions of foreign tourists. Compared to the same 3 months of the previous year, arrivals increased by 10.9% and overnight stays in accommodation establishments increased by 7.1%.In the first nine months of the year 2019, there were 10 millions of foreign tourists. Compared to the same 9 months of the previous year, arrivals increased by 10.2%.According to National Tourism Statistics, 15.7 million domestic and foreign tourists stayed in overnight accommodations in 2018. Of these 2.2 million are recorded as foreign tourists.The most visited cities are Bucharest, Constanța, Brașov, Timișoara, Sibiu, Alba-Iulia, Cluj-Napoca, Sighișoara and Iași. Natural touristic attractions include the Danube, the Carpathian Mountains, and the Black Sea."
Theodor Aman Museum,"The Theodor Aman Museum is a museum in Bucharest dedicated to the life and work of Romanian painter, engraver and art professor Theodor Aman."
Romanian Black Sea resorts,"The Romanian Black Sea resorts or the Romanian Riviera stretch along the Black Sea coast from the Danube Delta at the northern end down to the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the south, along 275 kilometers of coastline.
The most important resort is Mamaia, situated north of the city of Constanța on a narrow land slice that separates the Black Sea and Lake Siutghiol. Mamaia is a popular destination in the summer for Romanians and foreign tourists alike as a result of major investments in tourist infrastructure.
Other important resorts have names from Roman and Greek mythology, such as Eforie Nord, Neptun, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter and Olimp.
Other resorts include Eforie Sud, 2 Mai, and Cap Aurora. Further, Costinești is the traditional students' resort, while Vama Veche, in the extreme south bordering Bulgaria, is a fishing village well known for its hippie atmosphere.
The main cities in the region are Constanța (Romania's largest port), Mangalia, Năvodari and Sulina.
All of these (except Sulina) are located in Constanta county, one of two Romanian counties with a coastline. In Tulcea County the largest resort is Gura Portiței.
The Romanian Black Sea Riviera is served by Constanța Airport which is connected to the main European capitals through charter flights during the summer season."
List of castles and fortresses in Romania,This is a list of castles and fortresses declared historic monuments by Romania's Ministry of Culture.
List of fortified churches in Transylvania,"The following is a list of fortified churches in Transylvania.  Southeastern Transylvania in Romania has one of the highest numbers of still-existing fortified churches, which were built during the 13th to 16th centuries, a period during which Transylvania was part of the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire was rising. More than 150 villages in the area count various types of fortified churches, seven of them being included in the UNESCO World Heritage under the name of Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania."
Mangalia Marina,Mangalia Marina is a harbour for yachts and small boats (up to 18 m long) located on the Black Sea coast. It is the most modern tourist harbour in Romania.
List of museums in Romania,This is an incomplete list of museums located in Romania:
Bears' Cave,"Bears' Cave (Romanian: Peștera Urșilor, Hungarian: Medve-barlang) is located in the western Apuseni Mountains, on the outskirts of Chișcău village, Bihor County, northwestern Romania. It was discovered in 1975 by Speodava, an amateur spelaeologist group.  
Bears' Cave received its name after the 140 cave bear skeletons which were discovered on the site in 1983. The cave bear, also known as Ursus spelaeus, is a species of bear which became extinct during the Last Glacial Maximum, about 27,500 years ago.
The cave has three galleries and four halls: The Candles Hall, Emil Racovita Hall, The Spaghetti Hall and The Bones Hall."
Sphinx (Romania),"The Sphinx (Romanian: Sfinxul) is a natural rock formation in the Bucegi Natural Park which is in the Bucegi Mountains of Romania. It is located at an altitude of 2,216 metres (7,270 ft) within the Babele complex of rock formations.
The first photo of the Great Bucegi Sphinx was probably taken in about the year 1900. This photograph was taken from a front position, not from a lateral one, as it usually appears in modern pictures. It only acquired its nickname, referring to the Great Sphinx of Giza, in the year 1936. The image of the sphinx appears when the rock, having an 8 m height and a 12 m width, is observed from a certain angle. The megalith has its clearest outline on 21 November, at the time the sun goes down."
Tourism in Russia,"Tourism in Russia plummeted in 2022. Only 200,100 foreigners visited Russia in 2022, a drop of 96.1% from pre-pandemic/pre-2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine years. Earlier, Russia had seen rapid growth since the late Soviet times, first domestic tourism and then international tourism as well.  Russia had formerly been among the most popular tourist destinations in the world, though it fell off that list in 2022. Not including Crimea, the country contains 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, while more are on UNESCO's tentative lists.Tourist routes in Russia include a travel around the Golden Ring of ancient cities, cruises on the rivers including the Volga, and long journeys on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Diverse regions and ethnic cultures of Russia offer different foods and souvenirs, and show a variety of traditions, including Russian Maslenitsa, Tatar Sabantuy, or Siberian shamanist rituals. In 2013, Russia was visited by 33 million tourists, making it the ninth-most visited country in the world and the seventh-most visited in Europe."
Federal Agency for Tourism (Russia),"The Federal Agency for Tourism (Rostourism) was a federal executive body of the Russian Federation, created by Presidential Decree No. 1453 of November 18, 2004 and dissolved on October 20, 2022. The Federal Agency for Tourism was responsible for rendering state services, managing state property and performing law-enforcement functions in the field of tourism. It was under the direct jurisdiction of the government of Russia. Activities of the Federal Agency for Tourism guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal laws, Decrees of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, and international treaties. The Federal Agency for Tourism carried out its activities in cooperation with other federal executive bodies, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-governing bodies, public associations and other organizations. The Federal Agency for Tourism was a legal entity, had a seal with the image of the State Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation and its name, other seals, stamp, and letterhead, as well as bank and other accounts opened. It received funding for its operation and project implementation from the federal budget. The agency head office was in Moscow."
Hunting in Russia,"Hunting in Russia has an old tradition in terms of indigenous people, while the original features of state and princely economy were farming and cattle-breeding. There was hunting for food as well as sport. The word ""hunting"" (""охота"", okhota) first appeared in the common Russian language at the end of the 15th century. Before that the word ""catchings"" (""ловы"", lovy) existed to designate the hunting business in general. The hunting grounds were called in turn lovishcha (""ловища""). In the 15th-16th centuries, foreign ambassadors were frequently invited to hunts; they also received some of the prey afterwards.
The right of using the hunting grounds in Russia was once granted to every social class. The right of the nobility was even sometimes limited by agreements with others regarding hunting grounds. The hawkers and separate persons who dealt with hounds, beavers, black grouses, hares, etc. were permitted either on the landed properties, or on territories specified by local people. Though the Russian Orthodox clergy once disapproved the hunting, these persons were authorized to eat and feed their horses, hounds and falcons on others' account or even demand participation in hunting.The Russian imperial hunts evolved from hunting traditions of early Russian rulers (Grand Princes and Tsars), under the influence of hunting customs of European royal courts. 
During the soviet rule, state-sponsored hunting clubs were formed within the administrative boundaries or factories. Hunting clubs based in cities were allocated hunting grounds where club members were allowed to hunt according to the federal and local regulations.  Following demise of the Soviet Union private individuals were allowed to lease hunting territories formerly used by government sponsored clubs. Many lease owners are wealthy Russians who are willing to spend large sums of money in order to maintain leased hunting grounds for their pleasure and sometimes to allow other hunters to use their territories for a fee. As a result, the quality and quantity of the game increased dramatically during the past 20 years in most parts of Russia. During the Soviet Union time, a single agency called ""Glavohota"" was granted an authority to conduct hunts for the foreign hunters. Nowadays many outfitters and booking agents organize hunting trips for the foreigners. The inevitable competition between such companies improved quality of hunts and brought down the prices which used to be extremely high."
Anne Beckwith Johnson,
Vernon O. Johnson,"Vernon Oliver Johnson (July 21, 1920 – September 1, 1987) was an American diplomat. After losing his crew in a B17-bomber crash and spending 18 months in V.A. hospitals, Johnson dedicated himself to solving global political tensions via face-to-face dialogue.  During the height of the Cold War, he traveled the world for 20 months with his wife, Anne Beckwith (Miller) Johnson and their eight children, promoting peace and world diplomacy through personal interaction."
Lev Tolstoy (ship),"Lev Tolstoy is a four-deck cruise ship (type Q-056), named after the famous Russian novelist Lev Tolstoy; and has been specifically designed to navigate European waterways. Lev Tolstoy was originally built to serve and transport high-ranking Kremlin officials and foreign dignitaries. It was built in Austria in 1979 and refurbished in 2012. It is still one of the top cruise ships in Russia."
Russian State University of Tourism and Services Studies,"Russian State University of Tourism and Service (RSUTS) is a public university in Russia and CIS countries which provides higher education in tourism and services studies.
The university is based in Pushkino, Moscow Oblast, near Moscow, and has its own campus in Makhachkala.
Originally a higher school of handicraft cooperation, it was founded in 1952.According to the study in December 2018 by the University of Indonesia in the framework of the international project “World University Ranking”, RSUTS was among the 500 best universities in the world with the most sustainable development. At the end of 2018, the university got into the TOP 50 universities in Russia according to the ranking of Forbes magazine."
The Most Beautiful Villages in Russia,The Most Beautiful Villages in Russia (Russian: Самые красивые деревни России) is an association established in Russia in 2014 to promote rural tourism. It is part of an international network including Les Plus Beaux Villages de France and The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan. It is affiliated to the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World.
Tourism in Khabarovsk Krai,"Tourism in Khabarovsk Krai is dominated by outbound tourism rather than inbound one. Domestic tourist resources are basically nature related. The territory is located in the Far East of Russia and boasts one of the major attraction — the Amur river, one of the longest in the world. In the Northern hemisphere the river numbers a variety of animal and fish species second only to the Mississippi."
Tourism in Rwanda,"Tourism in Rwanda is the largest source of foreign exchange earnings in Rwanda and was projected to grow at a rate of 25% every year from 2013-2018. The sector is the biggest contributor to the national export strategy. Total revenues generated from the sector in 2014 alone was USD 305 millions. The sector has also attracted direct foreign investments with major international hotel brands setting up shop in the country including Marriot Hotels & Resorts, Radisson Blu, Park Inn by Radisson, Sheraton Hotels and Resorts, Protea Hotels by Marriott, Golden Tulip Hotels, and Zinc. With its new world-class convention center, Rwanda is set to become a regional and international conference hub owing to ever improving conference facilities, an excellent and expanding transportation network, and straightforward immigration procedures such as the ability for online visa applications, visa-at-gate policy for all Africans, and a one tourist visa policy for the EAC.Tourist in the country is rapidly increasing. To further place Rwanda on the world map as a first-class tourism destination, the Rwanda Development Board (RDB) signed a three-year partnership deal with London-based association football team, Arsenal Football Club, and a two-year partnership with French association football Giant Paris Saint-Germain F.C. to help build the country's tourism industry. This has lifted overall tourism numbers by 8% according to Rwandan officials."
Anti-corruption Monument of Rwanda,"The Anti-corruption monument of Rwanda located at Kigali Convention Center (KCC), Rwanda, is a recognition of Rwanda’s anti-corruption policies by the Qatari government in 2019, during the International Anti-Corruption Excellence Awards. The impressive design of this hand monument is behind an Iraqi artist named Ahmed Al Bahrani."
Kigali Genocide Memorial,"The Kigali Genocide Memorial commemorates the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The remains of over 250,000 people are interred there.There is a visitor centre for students and others wishing to understand the events leading up to the genocide that occurred in Rwanda in 1994. The Centre is a permanent memorial to those who fell victim to the genocide and serves as a place where the bereaved could bury their family and friends. The Centre is managed and run by the Aegis Trust on behalf of the National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide."
Tourism in Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Tourism in Saint Lucia,"Saint Lucia, an island nation in the Caribbean islands, has a relatively large tourism industry. Due to the relatively small land area of the country, most of the governmental promotion is performed by the state-operated Saint Lucia Tourism Authority, led by Executive Chairperson Agnes."
Sandals Resorts,"Sandals Resorts is a Jamaican operator of all-inclusive resorts for couples in the Caribbean. It is a part of Sandals Resorts International (SRI), the parent company of Sandals Resorts, Beaches Resorts, Fowl Cay Resort, and several private villas. Founded by Jamaican-born entrepreneur Gordon ""Butch"" Stewart in 1981, SRI is based in Montego Bay, Jamaica and is responsible for resort development, service standards, training, and day-to-day operations. Sandals Resorts International has properties throughout the Caribbean islands of Jamaica, Barbados, Bahamas, Saint Lucia, Antigua, Turks & Caicos, Grenada, Curacao, and St. Vincent with sixteen Sandals Resorts, three Beaches Resorts, one Fowl Cay private island resort, and four villa properties in Jamaica."
Tourism in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
Mata o le Alelo,"Mata o le Alelo is a village pool in Samoa associated with the Polynesian legend Sina and the Eel.
Mata o le Alelo is in the small village of Matavai, in the village district Safune on the central north coast of Savai'i island in Samoa.
The pool is fed by a freshwater spring which flows out towards the sea. The underground spring discharges into a pool that is about 500mm above sea level. Water can be seen boiling up to the surface at one end of the pool.The natural spring water flows out to a small body of water which flows out to the open ocean towards the west. Towards the north, from the far end of the pool and across the water is the southern side of the small village of Lefagaoali'i situated on a spit of land. The small house beside the pool is looked after by the women of the village who look after the pool and visitors. Overnight stay in the house can be arranged with the village.
The pool is used for drinking water where it bubbles up at the nearer south end. Until recently, the pool was the main source of fresh water for the village. Water is now piped from a larger catchment inland. The far end of the pool which flows out to sea is where children bathe."
Piula Cave Pool,"Piula Cave Pool (also known as Fatumea Pool) is a natural freshwater pool by the sea beneath the historic Methodist Chapel at Piula on the north coast of Upolu island in Samoa.  It is situated at Lufilufi in the political district of Atua, 26 km east from the capital Apia, along the scenic coastal road. Entry is by the main road through the painted stone wall of Piula Theological College with steps leading down to the pool.A popular swimming hole for locals and visitors, the pool is formed by a natural spring flowing out of a cave and out to sea. Inside the main cave opening on the north side is a short submerged tunnel leading to a smaller cave opening on the east side of the pool. It is open Mondays to Saturdays and there are small fale and changing rooms for visitors. The monastery charges a small visitor's fee.Freshwater pools are fairly common around the coastlines of Savai'i and Upolu islands which were formed from volcanic activity. Cooling lava flows from volcanic eruptions resulted in lava-tunnels that have become conduits for water."
Samoa Tourism Authority,The Samoa Tourism Authority (STA) is a state-owned enterprise responsible for the marketing of Samoa as a holiday destination and the sustainable development of new and existing tourism products in the country.
Tourism in San Marino,"Tourism in San Marino, known also as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino) is an integral element of the economy within the microstate. The tourism sector contributes a large part of San Marino's GDP, with approximately 2 million tourists visiting per year.Tourism is among the republic's most important sectors due to its significant contribution to the GDP. The rate of tourists has increased in recent years, as visitors are drawn to the landscape, cuisine and architectural sights of the mountainous microstate. San Marino attracts approximately two million tourists a year, of which 1,822,000 derived from Europe in 2018. In comparison with other European microstates (Andorra, Malta, Monaco and Vatican City), as of 2018 San Marino attracts the fewest tourists.
Geographically, San Marino is an independent microstate surrounded by the Italian Republic. The enclave state is situated in central Italy on the northeastern edge of the Apennine Mountains, and is completely landlocked. However it is in close proximity to the Adriatic coastline, accessed through the Emilia-Romagna region. In the summer season, many tourists flock to San Marino for its vicinity to the beaches of the Adriatic coastline. Additionally people visit the republic to encounter the culture and cuisine, as well as to visit the many historical monuments, churches, and castles.
Most tourists who visit San Marino are Italian, usually consisting of people who come to spend holidays in the Romagna riviera and decide to spend a half-day or at most a night in the country. Even though there are only a small number of non-Italian foreigners who visit the country, they still are vital to the Sammarinese economy. There are no border formalities with Italy. However, at the tourist office visitors can purchase souvenir stamps which are officially canceled inside their passports.
The City of San Marino itself contains most attractions.  The city is perched on a hill with regular parking areas for cars and buses.  The City historic centre itself is only a pedestrian zone that has mostly gift shops and food venues on both sides."
Tourism in Saudi Arabia,"Saudi Arabia is the second biggest tourist destination in the Middle East with over 16 million visiting in 2017. Although most tourism in Saudi Arabia still largely involves religious pilgrimages, there is growth in the leisure tourism sector. As the tourism sector has been largely boosted lately, the sector is expected to be the white oil for Saudi Arabia. This is proved as tourism sector is expected to generate $25 billion in 2019. Potential tourist areas include the Hijaz and Sarawat Mountains, Red Sea diving and a number of ancient ruins.
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), in 2018, Travel and tourism in Saudi Arabia added 9% to the Kingdom’s total economy which is worth $65.2 billion.In December 2013, Saudi Arabia announced its intention to begin issuing tourist visas for the first time in its history. Council of Ministers entrusted the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities with visa issuing on the basis of certain regulations approved by the Ministries of Interior and Foreign Affairs. On 27 September 2019, Saudi Arabia formally announced the issuance of the tourist visa to visitors from 49 countries for a fee of $80. The visa can be either obtained online (eVisa) or on arrival. Ten days after the implementation of instant tourist visas,  24,000 foreign visitors entered Saudi Arabia. China visitors topped the list, with the UK and the US in second and third.Popular places to visit in Saudi Arabia are Makkah, Medina, Mada'in Salih, Yanbu, Tabuk, Jeddah and Riyadh.
Arriving in Saudi Arabia can be through 13 international airports served by various global airlines. There are also 15 domestic airports connecting the country regions and cites. For moving within the country, there are budget airlines like Flynas, Fyadeal, Nesma Airlines, in addition to Saudi Airlines and SaudiGulf Airlines."
Amaala,"Amaala is a land and property megaproject currently in development in Saudi Arabia that is managed by Red Sea Global and forms part of the Saudi Vision 2030 program. Its name is derived from the Arabic word for ""hope"", and focuses on luxury tourism to attract visitors to the Red Sea coast. The project consists of three main developments: The Coastal Development, Amaala Island, and Triple Bay.The project is under the patronage of Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The Public Investment Fund (PIF) Development Management Organisation was established with Nicholas Naples, CEO. Amaala, along with the other Red Sea projects, is expected to provide jobs to 35,000 individuals. and planned to span over 3,800 km2.On 25 October 2022, it was announced that AMAALA and The Red Sea Development Co. (TRSDC) has been merged to form Red Sea Global (RSG)."
Ministry of Tourism (Saudi Arabia),"The Ministry of Tourism (MoT; Arabic: وزارة السياحة, romanized: Wizārah al-Sīāḥah), before 2020 as the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH), till 2015 as the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities (SCTA) and prior to 2008 as the Supreme Commission for Tourism (SCT), is a government ministry in Saudi Arabia that is concerned with the tourism sector of the country. Established in the year 2000 through a royal decree by King Fahd, it was transformed into a ministry in 2020."
Saudi Seasons,"Saudi Seasons (Arabic: مواسم السعودية) is an initiative launched by The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH). In 2019, 11 festivals were planned to take place in different Saudi regions. The initiative is led and planned by different interrelated Saudi authorities including the Ministry of Culture, General Authority for Entertainment, General Sport Authority and the Saudi Exhibition and Convention Bureau under the leadership of a committee led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Saudi Seasons initiative has paved the way towards the Saudi efforts to achieve a high-standard tourism activities in Saudi Arabia. The first season of the initiative, taking place in 2019, will shed the light on the Saudi culture and heritage. Accordingly, the seasons will be held in different Saudi cities that have unique and diverse cultures. The different Saudi Seasons undertaken under this initiative would guarantee seasonal jobs to many young Saudis. For example, Jeddah Season 2019 provided 5,000 job opportunities to young males and females."
Winter at Tantora Festival,"The Winter at Tantora Festival is an annual cultural festival held in the old town of Al-'Ula, Medina, located in northwestern Saudi Arabia. The first festival began on 21 December 2018, and was running a series of eight-weekend concerts for world-class musicians. In addition to this, the festival also features other activities and events. The festival's second edition began on 19  December 2019, and a third edition is currently in the works."
Tourism in Senegal,Tourism in Senegal is a vital part of the West African nation's economy.
Dindefelo Falls,"Dindefelo Falls, located in the town of Dindefelo, is a tourist attraction and park in southeast Senegal. It is located just a few miles from the Guinean border.  The falls are about 100 meters high. The park area forms part of the larger Niokolo-Koba National Park, a UNESCO Biosphere world heritage site. UNESCO estimates the annual tourist visits to the falls is in the thousands."
Tourism in Serbia,"Tourism in Serbia is officially recognized as a primary area for economic and social growth. The hotel and catering sector accounted for approximately 2.2% of GDP in 2015. Tourism in Serbia employs some 75,000 people, about 3% of the country's workforce. In recent years the number of tourists is increasing, especially foreign ones for about hundred thousand arrivals more each year. In 2019, tourism generated an income of nearly $1.698 billion, hosting 3.7 million tourists, half of whom were foreigners. Chinese tourists were the most numerous foreign visitors, followed by tourists from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Germany. In 2022, tourism earnings surged to $2.71 billion and almost 2 million foreign tourists visited the country. Major destinations for foreign tourists are Belgrade, Novi Sad and Niš, while domestic tourists prefer spas and mountain resorts.
Eco-friendly and sustainable tourism has also become very popular among domestic tourists, with many visiting various nature reserves and parks in the western and southern part of the country. Serbia is also known for gastronomic tourism, with Belgrade being the central meeting point with over 2000 restaurants, coffee shops, bars and nightlife venues."
Drina Regatta,"The Drina Regatta (Serbian Cyrillic: Дринска Регата) is a tourist and recreational event held on the Drina River.It is active since 1994 and is organised by S.T.C. ""Bajina Bašta"" and the municipality of Bajina Bašta for recreation in wooden rafts. The regatta is the most visited event in Western Serbia and central summer event on the water in the region."
Amidža Konak,"Amidža Konak (Serbian: Амиџин конак, from Turkish: amca meaning ""uncle"". English: Uncle's Residence) is a 19th-century residence of Turkish-style architecture located in the old part of the city of Kragujevac in central Serbia. It was built in 1819-1824 by Serbian Prince Miloš Obrenović, and it was named after Sima Milosavljević-Paštrmac, called Amidža, a Serbian hajduk and staff member of the court of Obrenović. Only Amidža Konak remained from large complex of building that existed during Miloš Obrenović time. Nearby, Miloš's Konak existed, and it was destroyed in 1941, during World War II, and also, Princess Ljubica Konak, that burned down in 1884.
Amidža Konak served as a residence of Sima and his colleagues that passed through Kragujevac, and now serves as a national museum.It is part of Cultural Monuments of Great Importance."
Monument on the site of the death of Despot Stefan Lazarević,"The Monument to Despot Stefan Lazarević (Serbian: Спомен обележје Деспоту Стефану Лазаревићу) is in the village of Crkvine by Mladenovac, Serbia, in the courtyard of the church of St. prophet Elijah. It is a marble monument with a medieval record of the death of Despot Stefan Lazarević. It was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia. The monument is a column of glazed white marble of height 186 cm, width 68 cm, and a thickness of 26 cm. The main inscription is written in calligraphic letters, on the monument's west side, below an engraved three-sided cross. The monument was erected by Lazarević's companion Đurađ Zubrović immediately after Lazarević's death in 1427.
A translation of the monument's inscription:

I, Despot Stefan, son of the Saint Prince Lazar after presenting was a ruler by a God's grace to all Serbs in Podunavlje and Posavlje and part of Hungarian land and Bosnia but also in Zeta coast. And in God given power I spent my lifetime as much as the dear God wanted, 38 years. Thus came the order from King of All and God and the sent angel told me: ""Go!"" and so my soul departed my poor body at the place named ""Glava"", in the year of 6000. and 900. and 30. and 5, indicate 5, sun circle 19 and moon 19, month July 19. day.
Pious Mr. Despot Stefan, good gentleman, too good and beloved and sweet Mr. Despot! Oh, hard it is to anyone who sees him dead in this place.
I, Đurađ Zubrović, sinful servant of God, laid this stone.

Forgive me, God."
Faculty of Sport and Tourism,"The Faculty of Sport and Tourism (Serbian: Факултет за Спорт и Туризам, Fakultet za sport i turizam, TIMS) is a state-accredited private institution of high education located in Novi Sad, Serbia. The Faculty was founded in 2004 and consists of three departments - Sport, Tourism and Psychology.Since its founding, the Faculty has educated 209 bachelors, 36 magisters and masters, as well as 10 doctors."
Golubac Fortress,"The Golubac Fortress (Serbian: Голубачки град or Golubački grad) was a medieval fortified town on the south side of the Danube River, 4 km (2.5 mi) downstream from the modern-day town of Golubac, Serbia. According to recent discoveries, the fortress, which was  built during the 14th century by Medieval Serbian state, is split into three compounds which were built in stages.  It has ten towers, most of which started square, and several of which received many-sided reinforcements with the advent of firearms. Towers were not connected for easier defense. Also inside the fortress were found Serbian Medieval frescos.Golubac Fortress has had a tumultuous history.  Prior to its construction it was the site of a Roman settlement.  During the Middle Ages, it became the object of many battles, especially between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.  It changed hands repeatedly, passing between Turks, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Serbs, and Austrians, until 1867, when it was turned over to the Serbian Knez, Mihailo Obrenović III.  Now, it is a popular tourist attraction in the region and a sightseeing point on Danube boat tours.
The fortress has a distinction of successfully repelling over 120 attacks."
Guča Trumpet Festival,"The Guča Trumpet Festival (Serbian: Фестивал трубача у Гучи, romanized: Festival trubača u Guči), also known as the Dragačevski Sabor (Serbian: Драгачевски сабор or Dragačevo Fair (Fete, Gathering or Assembly), pronounced [draɡǎːtʃeʋskiː sǎːbor]), is an annual Balkan brass band festival held in the town of Guča, near the city of Čačak, in the Dragačevo region of western Serbia. Guča is a three-hour bus ride from Belgrade.
600,000 visitors make their way to the town of 2,000 inhabitants every year, both from Serbia and abroad.  Elimination heats are held earlier in the year and only a few dozen bands qualify to compete.  Guča's official festival has three parts, Friday's opening concert, Saturday night's celebrations and Sunday's competition. The Friday's concerts are held at the entrance to the official Guča Festival building. This event features previous winners, each band getting to play three tunes while folk dancers, all kitted out in bright knitting patterns, dance kolos and oros in front of a hyped-up audience."
History of Belgrade,"The history of Belgrade dates back to at least 5700 BC. One of the largest prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved from the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region, and after 279 BC Celts conquered the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans during the reign of Augustus, and awarded city rights in the mid 2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times before it became the capital of King Stefan Dragutin (1282–1316). In 1521 Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of a sanjak. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars. Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. The north of Belgrade remained an Habsburg outpost until 1918, when it was merged into the capital city. As a strategic location, the city was battled over in 115 wars and razed to the ground 44 times. Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia (in various forms of governments) from its creation in 1918, to its final dissolution in 2006."
Kruševac Fortress,"Kruševac Fortress or City of Prince Lazar (Serbian: Крушевачки град, Kruševački grad) was a medieval fortified town in Kruševac, Serbia,  former capital of Prince Lazar. The city housed the court church, Lazarica. Today, all that remains of the town are ruins."
Manasija,"The Manasija Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Манасија, romanized: Manastir Manasija, pronounced [manǎsija]) also known as Resava (Ресава, pronounced [rɛ̌saʋa]), is a Serbian Orthodox monastery near Despotovac, Serbia founded by Despot Stefan Lazarević between 1406 and 1418. The church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It is one of the most significant monuments of medieval Serbian culture and it belongs to the ""Morava school"". The monastery is surrounded by massive walls and towers. Immediately following its foundation, the monastery became the cultural centre of the Serbian Despotate. Its School of Resava was well known for its manuscripts and translations throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, even after the fall of the Despotate to the Ottoman Turks. Manasija complex was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia, and monastery have entered a UNESCO Tentative List Process in 2010."
Most Ljubavi,"Most Ljubavi (English: Bridge of Love) is a pedestrian bridge in Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia. It is known as the earliest mention of the love padlocks tradition, where padlocks are left on the bridge railing by couples as sign of their everlasting love. It is one of the famous landmarks of Vrnjačka Banja, and it is the best known among the town's 15 bridges."
Niš Fortress,"Niš Fortress (Serbian: Нишка тврђава / Niška tvrđava) is a fortress in the city of Niš, Serbia. It is a complex and important cultural and historical monument. It rises on the right bank of the Nišava River, overlooking the area inhabited for longer than two millennia. It was protected by law in May 1948 as it was declared a cultural site of great significance. The current condition of the fortress lists it as one of the best preserved fortifications of this kind in Serbia as well as on the Balkan Peninsula."
Nušićijada,"Nušićijada is an annual comedy festival held in the town of Ivanjica, in the Moravica region of southwestern Serbia."
Roman Emperors Route,"The Roman Emperors Route (Latin: Itinerarium Romanum Serbiae; Serbian: Путевима римских императора) is a tourism and archaeology project in Serbia, a route spanning 600 km with several ancient Roman sites, among which are notable cities, estates and birthplaces (see Roman heritage in Serbia). The project's name is derived from the fact that 17 Roman emperors were born within the current borders of Serbia, the second country after Italy itself. The sites include the important Roman cities of Sirmium, Felix Romuliana (which is a UNESCO World Heritage site) and Naissus. The project is regarded as one of the largest archeological and tourism projects in Serbia, and the project board is guided and financed by the Serbian Ministry of Economy and Regional Development and Ministry of Culture. It is regarded as one of the national brands of Serbia."
Smederevo Fortress,"The Smederevo Fortress (Serbian: Cмeдepeвcκa твpђaвa / Smederevska tvrđava) is a medieval fortified city in Smederevo, Serbia, which was the temporary capital of Serbia in the Middle Ages. It was built between 1427 and 1430 on the order of Despot Đurađ Branković, the ruler of the Serbian Despotate. It was further fortified by the Ottoman Empire, which had taken the city in 1459.
The fortress withstood several sieges by Ottomans and Serbs,  surviving relatively unscathed. During World War II it was heavily damaged, by explosions and bombing. As of 2009 it is in the midst of extensive restoration and conservation work, despite which the fortress remains ""one of the rare preserved courts of medieval Serbian rulers.""Smederevo Fortress was declared a national Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979. In 2010, the fortress was placed on the tentative list for possible nomination as a World Heritage Site (UNESCO)."
Supernatural Festival,"The Supernatural Festival is an ecology & music open-air festival held annually in April, located at the park-forest Košutnjak, in Belgrade capitol of Serbia. Supernatural Festival has the aim to raise ecological awareness about the importance of nature, ecology, natural way of life and proper behavior towards Planet. Also, apart from being a festival is also an ecological movement that uses art, media and event as the means to promote ecology and educate people  about importance of this subject. Festival celebrates the Day of The Planet Earth, 22 April. Every year the festival takes place at Košutnjak, one of the most popular recreational places in Belgrade located 6 km southwest from the city downtown. Settled in beautiful natural landscape, just next to the national historic landmark Hajdučka Česma. The festival makes place for 20,000 visitors every year with growing support. Supernatural festival takes place during the day, in the sunshine, thus making point about the energy efficiency issue. All of the festival stages use the biodiesel fuel as main power supply, and visitors are constantly encouraged to recycle their waste throughout the festival. The event usually starts early in the morning with children program including numerous workshops all concerning human environment and recycling techniques."
Tourism in Vojvodina,"The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia, located in the northern part of the country, in the Pannonian Plain of Central Europe. Novi Sad is the largest city and administrative center of Vojvodina and the second largest city in Serbia. Vojvodina has a population over 1.93 million (approximately 26.88% of Serbia excluding Kosovo and 21.56% including Kosovo). It has a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural identity, with a number of mechanisms for the promotion of minority rights; there are more than 26 ethnic groups in the province, which has six official languages.
Most of Vojvodina is a flat terrain, but there are several mountain areas such are Fruška Gora, Vršac Mountains, Titelski Breg, and Zagajička Brda, as well as sandy areas such are Deliblatska Peščara (nicknamed ""the European Sahara""), and Subotička Peščara.
There are also many water areas in Vojvodina, including rivers, lakes, bogs, as well as artificial canals used for agricultural production and water traffic (most notable of those is Danube-Tisa-Danube Canal). Main rivers in the area are Danube, Sava, Tisa, Begej, Tamiš, Karaš, Bosut, etc., while main lakes and bogs are Palić lake, Ludoš lake, Ledinci lake, Rusanda lake and Obed bog."
Vitovnica Monastery,"The Vitovnica Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Витовница / Manastir Vitovnica) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery which is dedicated to the Assumption of the Holy Virgin.
The monastery is located in the hills of Eastern Serbia, on the right bank of Vitovnica River, some ten kilometres east of the town of Petrovac na Mlavi (Petrovac on the Mlava) and about 120 kilometres south-east of the capital, Belgrade."
Vrnjačka Banja,"Vrnjačka Banja (Serbian Cyrillic: Врњачка Бања) is a town and municipality located in the Raška District of central Serbia. The population of the town is 10,065 inhabitants, while the population of the municipality is 27,527 inhabitants.
Vrnjačka Banja has many hot springs with temperatures measuring exactly that of the human body (37.5 degrees Celsius)."
Žiča,"The Žiča Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Жича, romanized: Manastir Žiča, pronounced [ʒîtʃa] or [ʒîːtʃa]) is an early 13th-century Serbian Orthodox monastery near Kraljevo, Serbia. The monastery, together with the Church of the Holy Dormition, was built by the first King of Serbia, Stefan the First-Crowned and the first Head of the Serbian Church, Saint Sava.
Žiča was the seat of the Archbishop (1219–1253), and by tradition the coronational church of the Serbian kings, although a king could be crowned in any Serbian church, he was never considered a true king until he was anointed in Žiča. Žiča was declared a Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and it is protected by Serbia. In 2008, Žiča celebrated 800 years of existence."
Zlatibor,"Zlatibor (Serbian Cyrillic: Златибoр pronounced [zlǎtibɔːr]) is a mountainous region situated in the western part of Serbia.
Among the most popular places in Serbia for tourism, Zlatibor's main attractions include health tourism, skiing, and hiking and the longest panoramic gondola lift in the world. Tornik ski resort is located in the area.
The largest city in the region is Užice—located at the foothills of the mountain—while most of the area belongs to the municipality of Čajetina. The town of Zlatibor has changed over the years from a group of vacation homes to an urban location with diverse amenities. The Zlatibor region is divided among two municipalities, Čajetina and Užice, while both lie within the Zlatibor District. The Belgrade-Bar railroad passes through Zlatibor."
Tourism in Seychelles,"Tourism is the most important nongovernment sector of Seychelles' economy. About 15 percent of the formal work force is directly employed in tourism, and employment in construction, banking, transportation, and other activities is closely tied to the tourist industry. Tourists enjoy the Seychelles' coral beaches and opportunities for water sports. Wildlife in the archipelago is also a major attraction."
Seychelles Tourism Board,"The Seychelles Tourism Board (STB), a public/private sector body headed by CEO Mrs. Sherin Francis, with Mrs. Kathleen Mason as Chairperson, oversees most aspects of Seychelles' tourism industry whose Minister is Mr. Didier Dogley. The Seychelles Tourism Board is responsible for the promotion and marketing of the Seychelles islands as the preferred tourist destination.The Seychelles Tourism Board is a statutory body that came into existence on 1 April 2005 when the Seychelles Tourism Board Act, 2005, came into force. The Act brought together all regulatory and monitoring functions of the Department of Tourism within the Ministry of Tourism and Transport, and all promotional and marketing activities of the Seychelles Tourism Marketing Authority.  The Policy Planning and International Co-operation Division was retained under a newly formed Department of Tourism and Transport which fell under the vice-president's office.  The Seychelles Tourism Marketing Authority ceased to exist as legal entity.
However, in 2007 all policy planning and international cooperation functions for tourism in the Department of Tourism and Transport in the vice-president's office and the Seychelles Hospitality and Tourism Training College were transferred to STB.  The SHTTC was then renamed the Seychelles Tourism Academy.  This restructuring brought together all government agencies involved in tourism-related matters under one roof.  The new structure meant the STB could serve and promote the industry more effectively and efficiently.  It also brought better co-ordination and responsiveness with the trade partners to meeting the challenges of the tourism industry.
In 2010 the portfolio for tourism was transferred from the vice-president's to the president's office.  In 2012, a new Ministry of Tourism and Culture was created, however, the functions and roles of Seychelles Tourism Board remained unchanged."
Vanilla Islands,"Vanilla Islands (French: Les Îles Vanille) is an affiliation of the islands of Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion (France), Mauritius, Comoros and Mayotte (France) in the Indian Ocean to form a new travel destination brand. The aim of the co-operation that was founded on August 4, 2010 at La Réunion is to pool forces and market the region as a combined tourism destination, rather than market each island individually as was done in the past."
Tourism in Sierra Leone,"Tourism in Sierra Leone is an important growing national service industry. Beaches and other natural habitats are the biggest parts of the nation's tourism industry.
While visiting Sierra Leone for the first time, there are certain cultural specifics you should know. Sierra Leoneans in general are very friendly and tolerant. Sierra Leone is generally considered as one of the most religiously tolerant countries in the world. Both Muslim and Christian holidays are celebrated with a similar level of enthusiasm, among other things. People in the city are accustomed to treating tourists with a sense of ""benefit of the doubt"" in situations where a tourist fails to understand a particular way of doing something that is unique to Sierra Leonean culture and traditions. However, as a tourist, you may find yourself having problems with someone who may have noticed you neglecting a particular norm, such as continuously ignoring simple etiquettes like failing to greet properly or not being polite in the traditional way. Many conflict situations could be averted by asking questions about doubtful issues or situations, as many people are always ready to provide you with answers as best as they could."
Hindolo Trye,"Hindolo Sumanguru Trye (died 26 July 2012) was a Sierra Leonean politician with the All People's Congress (APC). Prior to his death, he was Sierra Leone's Minister of Tourism and Cultural Affairs."
Passion Made Possible,"Passion Made Possible is the destination brand of Singapore, jointly launched on 24 August 2017 by Singapore Tourism Board (STB) and Economic Development Board (EDB). Passion Made Possible marks the rebranding of the Singaporean brand, replacing the previous YourSingapore campaign.
The brand strategy will be adopted by other statutory boards and agencies under the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) and incorporated into their marketing campaigns and tradeshows when reaching out to international audiences."
Tourism in Singapore,"Tourism in Singapore is a major industry and contributor to the Singaporean economy.
As of 2019, there were 19.1 million international tourists visiting Singapore, which was more than three times the country's total population. It also claims to be environmentally friendly, and maintains natural and heritage conservation programs. Along with this, it also has one of the world's lowest crime rates. As English is the dominant one of its four official languages, it is generally easier for tourists to understand when speaking to the local population of the country, for example, when shopping. Transport in Singapore exhaustively covers most, if not all public venues in Singapore, which increases convenience for tourists. This includes the well-known Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. Singapore is the 5th most visited city in the world, and 2nd in Asia-Pacific.The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 ranks Singapore 13th out of 136 countries overall, which was the third best in Asia only behind Japan (ranked 4th) and Hong Kong (ranked 11th). The report ranks Singapore's business environment, international openness, also travel and tourism policy and enabling conditions as the best in the world (ranked 1st). However, the island nation scored rather low in natural and cultural resources sub-index (ranked 40th)."
"Bugis, Singapore","Bugis (Kampong Bugis in Malay) is an area in Singapore that covers Bugis Street now located within the Bugis Junction shopping mall. Bugis Street was renowned internationally from the 1950s to the 1980s for its nightly gathering of transvestites and transsexuals, a phenomenon that made it one of Singapore's most notable destinations for foreign visitors during that period.In the mid-1980s, Bugis Street underwent major urban redevelopment into a retail complex of modern shopping malls, restaurants and nightspots mixed with regulated back-alley roadside vendors. Underground digging to construct the Bugis MRT station prior to that also caused the upheaval and termination of the nightly transgender sex bazaar culture, marking the end of a colourful and unique era in Singapore's history.
Today, the original Bugis Street is now a cobblestoned, relatively wide avenue sandwiched between the buildings of the Bugis Junction shopping complex. On the other hand, the lane presently touted as ""Bugis Street"" by the Singapore Tourist Promotion Board is actually developed from New Bugis Street, formerly Albert Street, and is billed as ""the largest street-shopping location in Singapore"". An attempt by the Singapore Tourist Promotion Board to bring back the former exotic atmosphere was unsuccessful. Although the street is now not a well-known tourist destination, it is frequented by many Singaporeans."
Fort Pasir Panjang,"Fort Pasir Panjang or Labrador Battery is located within Labrador Park at the southern tip of Singapore island. It was one of the 11 coastal artillery forts built by the British in the 19th century to defend the western passageway into Keppel Harbour against piracy and foreign naval powers. During the 1942 Battle of Pasir Panjang, the fort played a supporting role but a limited one in defending the Malay Regiments against the Japanese invasion at Bukit Chandu. In 1995, the site was gazetted by the National Heritage Board as one of the 11 World War II sites in Singapore."
Integrated resort,"An integrated resort (IR) is a major resort property that includes a hotel with a casino, together with convention facilities, entertainment shows, theme parks, luxury retail and fine dining. The term is largely Singaporean.
Earlier IR licenses were awarded to Marina Bay Sands and Resorts World Sentosa, which both began operations in early 2010, and were by 2013 the most profitable casinos in the world. Since then, the term has been adopted by the hospitality industry for global use."
List of tourist attractions in Singapore,Popular tourist attractions in Singapore include the following:
Long Ya Men,"Long Ya Men (simplified Chinese: 龙牙门; traditional Chinese: 龍牙門; pinyin: lóngyámén; Malay: Batu Berlayar) or Dragon's Teeth Gate, is the name Chinese explorer Wang Dayuan recorded for Batu Belayar, a craggy granite outcrop that formerly stood at the gateway to Keppel Harbour in Singapore. In his description, “The strait runs between the two hills of the Danmaxi (Temasek) natives which looked like dragon’s teeth.” From there, the name Long Ya Men or Dragon Teeth’s Gate was born.
The rocky outcrop served as navigational aids to ancient mariners sailing through the swift waters of the narrow channel between them, but was subsequently destroyed by the British in 1848 to widen the channel for larger vessels to sail through. In 2005, a symbolic replica was erected by the Singapore government near its original site to mark the role it played in Singapore's maritime history.Long Ya Men was documented in Wang Dayuan's travelogue Daoyi Zhilüe as one of the two settlements of Temasek. It was marked in the Mao Kun navigational map historical maritime annal Wubei Zhi said to date from the voyages of Ming dynasty's Admiral Zheng He. Long Ya Men in the map was also used to refer to the strait between Sentosa island and Labrador Point, and named after a pinnacle of stone that was called Batu Berlayar, which means ""Sail Rock"" in Malay. Another suggestion is that it refers to the Singapore Main Strait south of Pulau Satumu. The Long Ya Men's unique features was said to have assisted Zheng He in navigating the waters around Singapore during his seven maritime voyages to the west between 1405 and 1433 AD."
Marina Bay Sands,"Marina Bay Sands is an integrated resort fronting Marina Bay in Singapore and a landmark of the city. At its opening in 2010, it was deemed the world's most expensive standalone casino property at S$8 billion (US$6.88 billion). The resort includes a 2,561-room hotel, a 120,000-square-metre (1,300,000 sq ft) convention-exhibition centre, the 74,000-square-metre (800,000 sq ft) The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands mall, a museum, a large theatre, ""celebrity chef"" restaurants, two floating crystal pavilions, art-science exhibits, and the world's largest atrium casino with 500 tables and 1,600 slot machines. The complex includes three towers topped by the Sands Skypark, a skyway connecting 340-metre-long (1,120 ft) with a capacity of 3,902 people and a 150 m (490 ft) infinity swimming pool, set on top of the world's largest public cantilevered platform, which overhangs the north tower by 66.5 m (218 ft). The 20-hectare resort was designed by Moshe Safdie architects.The resort is owned by Las Vegas Sands in agreement with the Singaporean authorities. Marina Bay Sands was originally set to open in 2009, but its construction faced delays caused by escalating costs of material and labour shortages from the outset exacerbated by the global financial crisis. This pressured Las Vegas Sands to delay its projects elsewhere to complete the integrated resort. Its owner decided to open the integrated resort in stages, and it was approved by the Singapore authorities. The resort and SkyPark were officially opened on 23 and 24 June 2010 as part of a two-day celebration, following the casino's opening on 27 April that year. The SkyPark opened the following day. The theatre was completed in time for the first performance of Riverdance on 30 November. The indoor skating rink, which uses artificial ice, opened to a performance by Michelle Kwan on 18 December. The ArtScience Museum opened to the public and the debut of a 13-minute light, laser and water show called Wonder Full on 19 February 2011 marked the full completion of the integrated resort.
The opening of Marina Bay Sands was held on 17 February 2011. It also marked the opening of the seven celebrity chef restaurants. The last portion of the Marina Bay Sands, the floating pavilions, were finally opened to the public when the two tenants, Louis Vuitton and Pangaea Club, opened on 18 and 22 September 2011, respectively.Marina Bay Sands is set to have a fourth tower constructed by 2028, at an estimated cost of S$4.5 billion (US$3.3 billion). The expansion plan was announced in early April of 2022, with the new tower containing 1000 hotel rooms and an adjoining concert venue with seating for 15,000 guests."
Shatec Institutes,"The Shatec Institutes, formerly known as Singapore Hotel Association Training and Education Centre (Shatec), was set up in 1983 by the Singapore Hotel Association to equip Singapore's hospitality industry with a skilled workforce."
Singapore Tourism Board,"The Singapore Tourism Board (STB) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Government of Singapore, tasked to promote the country's tourism industry."
Where (magazine),"Where is a series of magazines for tourists, distributed at hotels, convention centres, regional malls and other tourist areas."
Tourism in Slovakia,"Tourism in Slovakia offers natural landscapes, mountains, caves, medieval castles and towns, folk architecture, spas and ski resorts.
More than 5.0 million people visited Slovakia in 2017, and the most attractive destinations are the capital of Bratislava and the High Tatras. Most foreign visitors come from the Czech Republic (about 26 percent), Poland (15 percent) and Germany (11 percent). The majority of all visitors are Slovak (60 percent or about three million)."
Hotel Gate One Bratislava,"Hotel Gate One is a hotel in Bratislava, Slovakia, situated near the Bratislava airport in city district Ružinov and Avion Shopping Park, the largest shopping mall in Slovakia."
Hrebienok,"Hrebienok is a small ski resort in the Tatra Mountains, in northern Slovakia. It is connected by the Starý Smokovec–Hrebienok funicular to the town of Starý Smokovec, which is in turn part of the Tatra Electric Railway."
List of tourism regions of Slovakia,There are the following official tourism regions in Slovakia:
Upper Váh region,"Upper Váh region (Slovak: Horné Považie) is the tourism region in the north-west of Slovakia, because of its beautiful countryside it is one of the most visited regions in Slovakia. In the past it was part of Trencsén County."
Winter sports in Slovakia,Ski and winter sports in Slovakia are very prominent and popular given the mountainous topography of the region and the fact that much of the country is covered by snow for a long part of the year.
Zamagurie,"Zamagurie (in Slovak, pronounced [ˈzamaɡurɪe]; Polish: Zamagurze) is a region in the Goral Lands area in the north of the Spiš region, between the Spišská Magura in the south, the Dunajec river in the north and the Białka (Slovak: Biela voda) river in the west. It is divided between the Prešov Region of Slovakia and the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland and is further divided between the Slovak districts of Stará Ľubovňa and Kežmarok and Polish gminas of Bukowina Tatrzańska, Nowy Targ and Łapsze Niżne. The centre of the region is the Slovak town Spišská Stará Ves, which is just near the border. The region also used to be one of the official tourist regions of Slovakia until 2004.
In 2006, a new border bridge for pedestrians was open between Červený Kláštor and Sromowce."
Tourism in Slovenia,"Slovenia offers tourists a wide variety of landscapes: Alpine in the northwest, Mediterranean in the southwest, Pannonian in the northeast, and Dinaric in the southeast. They roughly correspond to the traditional regions of Slovenia, based on the former four Habsburg crown lands (Carniola, Carinthia, Styria, and the Littoral). Each offers its own natural, geographic, architectural, and cultural features. Slovenia has mountains, meadows, lakes, caves, and the sea, making it an attractive destination in Europe.The nation's capital, Ljubljana, has many important Baroque and Art Nouveau buildings, with several important works of the native born architect Jože Plečnik. Other attractions include the Julian Alps with picturesque Lake Bled and the Soča Valley, as well as the nation's highest peak, Mount Triglav. Perhaps even better known is the Karst Plateau in the Slovenian Littoral. More than 28 million visitors have visited Postojna Cave, while a 15-minute ride from it are Škocjan Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Several other caves are open to public, including Vilenica Cave.
Further in the same direction is the Adriatic coast, where the most important historical monument is the Venetian Gothic Mediterranean town of Piran. The neighboring town of Portorož is a popular modern tourist resort, offering entertainment in gambling tourism. The former fishermen town of Izola has also been transformed into a popular tourist destination; many tourists also appreciate the old Medieval center of the port of Koper, which is however less popular among tourists than the other two Slovenian coastal towns.
Styria is known for its white wine, especially the Ljutomer Riesling, after the ski resort Pohorje, after summer cultural festivals in Maribor, and after pumpkin seed oil. It is also known as a hop growing area producing Styrian Goldings, a variety of the English aroma hop Fuggles.
The northeastern Prekmurje region is known for its distinctive cuisine. Among traditional dishes, the best known are a pork, turnip and millet casserole called bujta repa and a layered pastry called prekmurska gibanica. An important spa town in the region is Moravske Toplice, which is attracting many German, Austrian, Italian and Russian visitors.
Rural tourism is important throughout the country, and it is especially developed in the Karst Plateau region, parts of Inner Carniola, Lower Carniola and northern Istria, and in the area around Podčetrtek and Kozje in eastern Styria. Horse-riding, cycling and hiking are among the most important tourist activities in these areas.
Triglav National Park (Slovene: Triglavski narodni park) is a national park located in Slovenia. It was named after Mount Triglav, a national symbol of Slovenia. Triglav is situated almost in the middle of the national park. From it the valleys spread out radially, supplying water to two large river systems having their sources in the Julian Alps: the Soča and the Sava, flowing to the Adriatic and Black Sea, respectively.
The proposal for conservation dates back to the year 1908, and was realised in 1924. Then, on the initiative taken by the Nature Protection Section of the Slovene Museum Society together with the Slovene Mountaineering Society, a twenty-year lease was taken out on the Triglav Lakes Valley area, some 14 km². It was destined to become an Alpine Protection Park, however permanent conservation was not possible at that time. In 1961, after many years of effort, the protection was renewed (this time on a permanent basis) and somewhat enlarged, embracing around 20 km². The protected area was officially designated as Triglav National Park. Under this act, however, all objectives of a true national park were not attained and for this reason over the next two decades, new proposals for the extension and rearrangement of the protection were put forward. Finally, in 1981, a rearrangement was achieved and the park was given a new concept and enlarged to 838 km² – the area it continues to cover to this day.
The Karawank mountain range and the Kamnik Alps are also important tourist destinations, as are the Pohorje mountains. Unlike the Julian Alps, however, these areas seem to attract mostly Slovene visitors and visitor from the neighboring regions of Austria, and remain largely unknown to tourists from other countries. The biggest exception is the Logar Valley, which has been promoted heavily since the 1980s.
Slovenia has a number of smaller Medieval towns, which serve as important tourist attractions. Among them, the best known are Ptuj, Škofja Loka, and Piran. Fortified villages, mostly located in western Slovenia (Štanjel, Vipavski Križ, Šmartno), have become an important tourist destination, as well, especially due to the cultural events organized in their scenic environments."
Tourism in Somalia,"Tourism in Somalia is regulated by the Federal Government of Somalia's Ministry of Tourism. The industry was traditionally noted for its numerous historical sites, beaches, waterfalls, mountain ranges and national parks. After the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, the Tourism Ministry shut down operations. It was re-established in the 2000s, and once again oversees the national tourist industry. The Mogadishu-based Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA) provides on-the-ground consulting services."
Biyo Kulule,"Biyo Kulule, also known as Bio Culul (Italian: Bio Culul) is a hot spring located southeast of Bosaso in Puntland, Somalia. It is 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) drive away from the city. The settlement contains several areas, including palm tree farms and grassland. It is one of the tourist hubs in Somalia and prioritized tourism spot within Bosaso and its surroundings."
Tourism in Somaliland,Tourism in Somaliland is regulated by the Somaliland's Ministry of Tourism.
Tourism in South Africa,"South Africa is a tourist destination with the tourist industry accounting for 2.34% of GDP in 2019 followed by a sharp drop in 2020 to 0.81% of GDP due to lack of travel caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The official marketing agency for the country South African Tourism is responsible for marketing South Africa to the world. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council, the tourism industry directly contributed ZAR 102 billion to South African GDP in 2012, and supports 10.3% of jobs in the country. The official national marketing agency of the South African government, with the goal of promoting tourism in South Africa both locally and globally is known as South African Tourism.South Africa offers both domestic and international tourists a wide variety of options, among others the picturesque natural landscape and game reserves, diverse cultural heritage and highly regarded wines. Some of the most popular destinations include several national parks, such as the expansive Kruger National Park in the north of the country, the coastlines and beaches of the KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape provinces, and the major cities like Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban.
According to Statistics South Africa's latest Tourism and Migration Survey, almost 3,5 million travellers passed through the country's ports of entry in August 2017. The top five overseas countries with the largest number of tourists visiting South Africa were the US, UK, Germany, the Netherlands and France. Most of the tourists arriving in South Africa from elsewhere in Africa came from SADC countries. Zimbabwe tops the list at 31%, followed by Lesotho, Mozambique, Eswatini and Botswana. In addition, Nigeria was the country of origin for nearly 30% of tourists arriving in South Africa."
Balule Nature Reserve,"Balule Nature Reserve is a protected area in Limpopo Province, South Africa which forms part of the Greater Kruger National Park as a member of the Associated Private Nature Reserves (APNR). As part of a wildlife conservation initiative, all fences separating APNR reserves – Balule, Timbavati, Klaserie, Umbabat, Grietjie Private Nature Reserve – and the Kruger National Park have been removed. 
The ecological benefits of this initiative have made the region a popular ecotourism destination and conservation efforts, by organizations such as the Black Mambas have ensured that the wildlife population includes all the Big Five game: lion, African bush elephant, African buffalo, African leopard and black rhinoceros."
Ecotourism in South Africa,"Ecotourism is the concept of responsible trips and travel to areas that might be protected and especially fragile. The intent is to create as little detrimental impact on the environment as possible. South Africa has used ecotourism to sustain and improve its immense biodiversity, as well as invigorate its economy. Tourism is the fourth largest generator of foreign exchange in South Africa, and ecotourism is the idea of encouraging visitors while promoting and supporting a country's biodiversity. South Africa contains a lot of biodiversity, and so ecotourism is a way for the country to benefit from wildlife in a non-consumptive and legal manner as opposed to illegal activities like poaching and trafficking for the international wildlife trade."
Jeffreys Bay,"Jeffreys Bay (Afrikaans: Jeffreysbaai, nicknamed J-bay) is a town of 27,107 inhabitants as of the 2011 census in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It Is the seat of the Kouga municipality and is famous amongst surfers as a surf capital due to the right-hand point break at Supertubes Beach. The town is situated just off the N2 Highway, about 75 kilometres southwest of Port Elizabeth."
LGBT tourism in South Africa,"LGBT tourism in South Africa is a form of niche tourism marketed to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people who visit South Africa. Cape Town is the most popular destination for LGBT tourists in South Africa and is regarded as the gay capital of Africa, hosting the Cape Town Pride festival in February/March, the Mother City Queer Project in December, and the Out in Africa Film Festival in September/October every year. Other regional events include the Pink Loerie Mardi Gras in Knysna, Western Cape."
Limpopo Tourism and Parks Board,"Limpopo Tourism and Parks Board is a governmental organisation established in 2001 and  responsible for maintaining wilderness areas and public nature reserves in Limpopo Province, South Africa."
Little five game,"In Africa, the little five game animals are:

Elephant shrew: a small, insect-eating mammal with a long nose. Elephant shrews are very common in Southern Africa but seldom seen.
Buffalo weaver: the buffalo weaver is the easiest among the little five to find and observe.
Leopard tortoise
Antlion, which is the littlest of the little five.
Rhino beetle: A subfamily of large beetles in the scarab beetle family.The term little five was brought to life after the marketing success of the big five for tourist safaris in Southern Africa. This prompted a call by nature conservationists for visitors to acknowledge the smaller, less noticed, but still enigmatic animals of the savanna (called bushveld in South Africa).
The ""little five"" species are a contrast in terms of sheer relative size to the animals, which they share a part of their English name with the more well known ""big five"".

			
			
		
		
			
			
		
		
			
			
		
		
			
			
		
		
			
			
		

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Kingdom of Mapungubwe,"The Kingdom of Mapungubwe (Maphungubgwe, c. 1075–c. 1220) was a medieval state in South Africa located at the confluence of the Shashe and Limpopo rivers, south of Great Zimbabwe. The name is derived from either TjiKalanga and Tshivenda. The name might mean ""Hill of Jackals"" or ""stone monuments"". The kingdom was the first stage in a development that would culminate in the creation of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 13th century, and with gold trading links to Rhapta and Kilwa Kisiwani on the African east coast. The Kingdom of Mapungubwe lasted about 80 years, and at its height the capital's population was about 5000 people.This archaeological site can be attributed to the BuKalanga Kingdom, which comprised the Kalanga people from northeast Botswana and western/central southern Zimbabwe, the Nambiya south of the Zambezi Valley, and the Vha Venda in the northeast of South Africa. The Mapungubwe Collection of artefacts found at the archaeological site is housed in the Mapungubwe Museum in Pretoria."
North West Parks and Tourism Board,"The North West Parks Board is a governmental organisation responsible for the management of protected areas and public nature reserves in North West Province, South Africa.
The different reserves are scattered throughout the province, each with its unique features. Activities within the reserves are available for educational, recreation and enjoyment of both outdoor adventure enthusiasts and those who want a break away from the crowd.
With the exception of Madikwe Game Reserve, all the reserves are open to day visitors and no prior booking is necessary.
Accommodation range from rustic farm houses, tented camps, caravan and camping sites. In reserves where facilities are not provided, these are different privately owned accommodation either on the periphery of the reserves or in nearby towns."
Phinda Private Game Reserve,"Phinda Private Game Reserve (), formerly known as Phinda Resource Reserve, is a 170 km2 (66 sq mi) private game reserve situated in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between the Mkuze Game Reserve and the Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park. Designated in 1990, Phinda is derived from a Zulu phrase ""Phinda Izilwane"" meaning 'return of wildlife', or more accurately 'do again'. 
Phinda has seven distinct ecosystems ranging from palm savannah and mountain bush to rare sand forest and dense thornveld. In 1992 the reserve joined with two neighboring land owners to create the Mun-Ya-Wana Game Reserve. Through various land expansion projects, acquisitions, and agreements with local communities, the conservancy has grown to 286 km2 (110 sq mi). The original idea for Phinda was developed by Kevin Leo-Smith in 1986, when his company Agri-Plan Estates was offered the core Phinda South farm then known as Zulu Nyala, for sale. A deeds and map search showed that Zulu Nyala strategically lay between the Mkuze and Lake St. Lucia Game Reserves. Kevin Leo-Smith was then joined by Trevor Coppen, a lawyer and entrepreneur from Durban and later by Andrew Montgomery, a town planner and the concept of acquiring farm land and reintroducing big game was further developed. In 1989, after several failed attempts to secure the capital required, Alan Bernstein joined the group and worked on the business plan and capital raising strategy. Alan Bernstein and Jane Edge asked Dave Varty of Londolozi to join the founding group to add his safari tourism expertise to the founders.
After several false starts the required capital was raised through the Master Bond Group and the core farms, now collectively known as Phinda North, were acquired and the Phinda Resource Reserve was born in early 1990.  Master Bond later ran into liquidity problems before the first lodge, then known as Phinda Nyala 9now Mountain Lodge), was fully complete. Alan Bernstein was already busy with refinancing the business through an investment banking team from Hambros Bank in London led by Jonathan Klein. With Hambros enough capital was raised to rescue Phinda from what was a near disaster to found the Conservation Corporation Africa (CC Africa). The core investors included the Getty Family and various Anglo American entities and private individuals. Phinda was a subsidiary of CC Africa.
CC Africa then rapidly expanded adding Ngala Lodge, the first private lodge in the Kruger National Park, as well as building Phinda Forest Lodge and adding a management contract with Londolozi before expanding into East Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana. By the late 1990s all the original founding group were no longer with the holding company and the name was changed from The Conservation Corporation Africa to &Beyond. 
Phinda pioneered the use of release bomas for predator reintroductions and also how to handle adult elephant that escaped with only locally available machinery and equipment that changed the way elephant were handled in capture operations. However, Phinda's legacy is proving that restocking agricultural land with wildlife managed on a sustainable basis was way more economically viable than agriculture. The land value at acquisition in early 1990 averaged R1,250/ha and today similar land in the Munyawana Game Reserve of which Phinda is a core part sells for prices in excess of R50,000/ha (2023). This represents a return well in excess of 20% per annum for over 30 years. 
As of May 2020, the South African company WildEarth have broadcast drives from Phinda in collaboration with &Beyond."
South African Tourism,"South African Tourism (frequently shortened to SA Tourism) is the official national marketing agency of the South African government, with the goal of promoting Tourism in South Africa both locally and globally."
Township tourism,
Tourism in South Sudan,"South Sudan, a country in northeastern Africa, became an independent country in 2011. South Sudan has the world's second largest animal migration and therefore is considered a good place for ecotourism, but the lack of infrastructure for tourism and ongoing civil war are considered the challenges for the tourism industry in South Sudan."
Visa policy of South Sudan,"Visitors to South Sudan must obtain an electronic visa prior to entering South Sudan, unless they either are of South Sudanese origin or are a national of one of the countries eligible for visa-exemption or a visa issued on arrival to South Sudan."
Intourist,"Intourist (Russian: Интурист, a contraction of иностранный турист, ""foreign tourist"") was a Russian tour operator, headquartered in Moscow. It was founded on April 12, 1929, and served as the primary travel agency for foreign tourists in the Soviet Union.  It was privatized in 1992 and from 2011, was 50.1% owned by the British Thomas Cook Group until its collapse in September 2019. In November 2019, Anex Tours acquired the stake from the British Official Receiver."
MATHC,"MSITI (Russian: МГИИТ) - ""Moscow State Institute for Tourism Industry n. a. Yuri Senkevich"" (under the government of Moscow).

MSITI is the biggest academy for tourism in Moscow, Russia. The Academy was founded in 1966 to educate baccalaureates and specialists in the field of tourism and economists-managers."
Tourism in Spain,"Tourism in Spain is a major contributor to national economic life, contributing to about 11.8% of Spain's GDP (in 2017). Ever since the 1960s and 1970s, the country has been a popular destination for summer holidays, especially with large numbers of tourists from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Turkey, France, Germany, Italy, the Benelux, and the United States, among others. Accordingly, Spain's foreign tourist industry has grown into the second-biggest in the world.
In 2019, Spain was the second most visited country in the world, recording 83.7 million tourists which marked the seventh consecutive year of record-beating numbers. Due to the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, only 18.9 million tourists visited Spain. These dramatic figures are devastating for the tourism sector and are a reflection of what will be the worst year for this industry in terms of income ever recorded. However, by 2022 the industry had mostly recovered, with 71,659,281 international tourists and increasing.Spain ranks first among 140 countries in the biannual Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index published by the World Economic Forum in 2019, matching the top position already achieved in 2017 and 2015.The World Tourism Organization has its headquarters in Madrid.
According to The Economist 2005 year list, Spain has the world's 10th highest quality of life.In March 2023, more than 6.5 million international passengers arrived in Spain, marked an growth of 30% compared to 2022."
Alicante,"Alicante (Valencian: Alacant) is a city and municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city was 337,482 as of 2020, the second-largest in the Valencian Community."
Balconing,"Balconing is the name given in Spain to the act of jumping into a swimming pool from a balcony or falling from height while climbing from one balcony to another, performed by foreign tourists during holidays. The term was formed through a combination of the Spanish-language word balcón ('balcony') and the English-language suffix ""-ing"", in reference to the origin of most practitioners.
In 2010 and 2011, a spate of injuries attributed by the Spanish press to ""balconing""  occurred among tourists in the Balearic Islands (including Mallorca and Ibiza). Videos of people jumping into pools from balconies were posted on video sharing websites such as YouTube, which were alleged to have played a role in the spread of the phenomenon.A similar phenomenon has been described in college-related events in the United States.

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Baqueira-Beret,"Baqueira-Beret is a ski resort located in the heart of the Pyrenees, in the Aran and Àneu Valleys in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, with the nearest airport located in Toulouse, France, approximately two hours' drive by automobile.  The ski area extends from 1,500 to 2,610 metres (4,920 to 8,560 ft) in elevation, and due to its reliable snow elevation, the typical ski season [1] starts in November and goes to late April. Baqueira is the largest and most visited winter resort in Spain. Popular amongst the royal family and the affluent Spanish and French, The Telegraph asks if Baqueira could be ""the world's finest ski resort?""."
Casarejos,"Casarejos is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 256 inhabitants."
Costa da Morte,"Costa da Morte (Galician pronunciation: [ˈkɔstɐ ðɐ ˈmɔɾtɪ]; Spanish: Costa de la Muerte; ""Death Coast"") is part of the Galician coast. The Costa da Morte extends from the villages of Muros and Malpica."
Costa de Almería,"The Costa de Almería (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkosta ðe almeˈɾi.a], ""Coast of Almería"") is a coastal region of Spain consisting of the coastal municipalities of the province of Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. The region extends 217 kilometres (135 mi) and includes 13 municipalities, from Pulpí on the border with the province of Murcia to Adra on the border with the province of Granada.

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Costa de la Luz,"The Costa de la Luz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkosta ðe la luθ], ""Coast of Light"") is a section of the Andalusian coast in Spain facing the Atlantic. It extends from Tarifa in the south, along the coasts of the Province of Cádiz and the Province of Huelva, to the mouth of the Guadiana River.
A holiday destination for vacationing Spaniards, in recent years the Costa de la Luz has seen more foreign visitors, especially from France and Germany.  Increasing urbanization and tourism-oriented development of parts of the coast have had economic benefits."
Costa del Sol,"The Costa del Sol (literally ""Coast of the Sun"" or ""Sun Coast"") is a region in the south of Spain in the autonomous community of Andalusia, comprising the coastal towns and communities along the coastline of the Province of Málaga and the eastern part of Campo de Gibraltar in Cádiz. Formerly made up only of a series of small fishing settlements, today the region is a world-renowned tourist destination. The Costa del Sol is situated between two lesser known coastal regions, the Costa de la Luz and the Costa Tropical.
The region has no official limit, but it is generally accepted that the Costa del Sol stretches from the municipality of La Línea de la Concepción in the west to Nerja in the east, spanning around 150 kilometers of coastline. The term Costa del Sol was coined at the beginning of the 20th century by Rodolfo Lussnigg to promote the Almería coastline. Until the late 1960s, it was used in reference to the entire Mediterranean coast of Eastern Andalusia. The name refers to the sunny climate, present in the region most days of the year. The Costa del Sol is one of the most important tourist areas in Spain; around 35% of Andalusia's tourism is concentrated in the region; in 2009 it had 17 million overnight stays.The region was a relatively prosperous commercial and industrial center for much of the 19th century. The tourist boom in the area began in the 1920s with the opening of the Baños del Carmen in Málaga and a golf course in Torremolinos. It became an international tourist destination in the 1950s and is today particularly popular among British, German, Scandinavian and French tourists. The most populated city on the Costa del Sol is the city of Málaga, with a metropolitan population of close to one million. Málaga is home to the Málaga-Costa del Sol Airport, which is the third busiest airport in mainland Spain, behind Barajas (Madrid) and El Prat (Barcelona).
The A-7 highway runs through the region, as does the old national highway generally known as N-340. High-speed trains serve the coastal region and inland areas, the AVE service reaches the Málaga-María Zambrano railway station in 2 hours and 46 minutes from Madrid. The Costa del Sol has a population of 1,412,541 inhabitants. The Costa del Sol has spas in Málaga, Tolox, Estepona, Benahavís, Benalmádena, Mijas, Torremolinos and Marbella, the largest concentration of golf courses on the European continent, fifteen marinas, nine theme parks (including amusement parks, aquariums and zoos), as well as an information and communication technology business park (PTA), a Google cybersecurity center and a Vodafone research and development center."
Dénia,"Dénia (Spanish: Denia) is a historical coastal city in the province of Alicante, Spain, on the Costa Blanca halfway between Alicante and Valencia, and the capital and judicial seat of the comarca of Marina Alta. Denia's historical heritage has been influenced by Iberian, Greek, Roman, Islamic, Napoleonic and Christian civilizations. As of 2022, it had a population of 43,819, although this is more than doubled by tourism during the summer months.

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El Cotillo,"El Cotillo is a coastal town in the municipality of la Oliva, located in the northern part of the island of Fuerteventura in the Province of Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. It has a population of 1.312 residents (2016)."
L'Escala,"L'Escala (Spanish: La Escala) is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Empordà in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the Costa Brava, located between the southern end of the Gulf of Roses and Cala (bay) Montgó. It is an important fishing port and tourist centre, and has a festival dedicated to its famous anchovies. The GE-513 road runs inland from the town.
The Alfolí de la Sal, also known as the Pòsit Vell, is a seventeenth-century warehouse formerly used to store the salt necessary to preserve fish landed at the port: it is now a protected historic-artistic monument. The ruins of Empúries are located on the territory of the municipality, with Phoenician and 
Roman remains dating from 580 BC.
L'Escala is the village of Víctor Català (pseudonym of Caterina Albert, 1869-1966) a famous novel writer.
The GR 92 long distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, passes through L'Escala on its stage between Sant Martí d'Empúries and Torroella de Montgrí."
Fabra Observatory,"The Fabra Observatory (Catalan: Observatori Fabra, IPA: [upsəɾβəˈtɔɾi ˈfaβɾə]; obs. code: 006) is an astronomical observatory located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain pointed towards the south at 415 metres above sea level (latitude: 41,4184° N; longitude: 2,1239° E). 
It was established in 1904 and belongs to the  Royal Academy of Science and Arts of Barcelona (Catalan: Reial Acadèmia de Ciències i Arts de Barcelona). Its main activity is the study of asteroids and comets. It is the fourth oldest observatory in the world that is still functioning.
It is where the comet 32P/Comas Solà was discovered by Josep Comas Solà."
Fontanilla,"The Fontanilla is the former public fountain of Palos de la Frontera in Spain where, according to tradition, these fountains provided the water for the ships of Christopher Columbus's first voyage—the Santa María, the Niña, and the Pinta—when, on 3 August 1492, they departed from Palos de la Frontera, captained by Columbus and by Palos's own Pinzón Brothers upon the voyage widely considered to have led the ""discovery"" of what historians term the ""New World"". 
La Fontanilla is the least dramatic, but perhaps the most original and authentic monument among the so-called Lugares colombinos, the places in Huelva closely associated with Columbus's first voyage."
Guiri,"Guiri (pronounced [ˈɡiɾi]) is a colloquial Spanish word often used in Spain to refer to uncouth foreign tourists, particularly from the United Kingdom. However, it can be applied to people from other Northern European countries. In most Latin American countries, a synonym for guiri is gringo.  Although somewhat pejorative, it is not considered a slur by Spanish speakers if used as a lighthearted tease.

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A Handbook for Travellers in Spain,"A Handbook for Travellers in Spain is an 1845 work of travel literature by English writer Richard Ford. It has been described as a defining moment in the genre.
British tourists were travelling through Europe in increasing numbers and the need for guidebooks was beginning to be supplied by publishers like John Murray.
In 1845 Ford, who had gained tremendous knowledge of Spain by extensive travel on horseback, wrote this account enlivened by humour and anecdotes.
In Ford's obituary, commonly attributed to Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, ""so great a literary achievement had never before been performed under so humble a title."" Ford marked, with George Borrow the eccentric English traveller, an interest in Spain that would continue through the twentieth century on the part of British writers: Gerald Brenan, Norman Lewis and George Orwell were among the most eminent of these successors, with Jason Webster (the author of Duende, Andalus and Guerra) and Chris Stewart (the author of Driving Over Lemons) being contemporary.
The original edition was published by John Murray in 1845 in two volumes. The following year in 1846 he prepared a more manageable version entitled Gatherings from Spain which included some extra material. Second and third editions of the original book appeared in 1847 and 1855 respectively. As of 1966 the book was still being reprinted.
In 1855 Richard Ford also wrote Andalucia, Ronda and Granada, Murcia, Valencia, and Catalonia; the portions best suited for the invalid."
Islote de Sancti Petri,"The Islote de Sancti Petri is a small barren island belonging to the municipality of San Fernando, Cádiz in the province of Cádiz and the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. It is close to the coast and 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Cadiz city.
For many years, the island was a restricted military zone, but it is now under the control of the Spanish Environment Ministry. In the first century BC, the Greek historian Strabo mentioned in his book Geographica that the Tyrians founded Gadeira, building a sanctuary to Melkart, known as Hercules to the Greeks, in the eastern part of the island and the city in the western part."
Lanzarote,"Lanzarote (UK: , Spanish: [lanθaˈɾote], locally [lansaˈɾote]) is a Spanish island, the easternmost of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. It is located approximately 125 kilometres (80 miles) off the north coast of Africa and 1,000 kilometres (600 miles) from the Iberian Peninsula. Covering 845.94 square kilometres (326.62 square miles), Lanzarote is the fourth-largest of the islands in the archipelago. With 152,289 inhabitants at the start of 2019, it is the third most populous Canary Island, after Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Located in the centre-west of the island is Timanfaya National Park, one of its main attractions. The island was declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1993. The island's capital is Arrecife, which lies on the eastern coastline. It is the smaller main island of the Province of Las Palmas.
The first recorded name for the island, given by Italian-Majorcan cartographer Angelino Dulcert, was Insula de Lanzarotus Marocelus, after the Genoese navigator Lancelotto Malocello, from which the modern name is derived. The island's name in the native Guanche language was Tyterogaka or Tytheroygaka, which may mean ""one that is all ochre"" (referring to the island's predominant colour)."
Lugares colombinos,"The Lugares colombinos (""Columbian places"") is a tourist route in the Spanish province Huelva, which includes several places that have special relevance to the preparation and realization of the first voyage of Cristopher Columbus. That voyage is widely considered to constitute the discovery of the Americas by Europeans. It was declared a conjunto histórico artístico (""historic/artistic grouping"") by a Spanish law of 1967.There are two localities so honored: Palos de la Frontera (both the old center and the La Rábida Monastery 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) distant), and Moguer. Columbus visited each of these places several times, and people associated with each played roles in his voyage. He received help and collaboration for his projected voyage from the brothers of the La Rábida Monastery, the Pinzón Brothers of Palos de la Frontera, the Niño Brothers of Moguer and other prestigious families of mariners in the area who were further distinguished by their participation in the voyage of discovery.
In the years following Columbus's voyage this area of Spain, especially Palos, suffered a great economic decline, owing in part to emigration to the newly discovered territories overseas. The recuperation of the historical importance of this region with respect to the Spanish discovery and conquest of the Americas (and the interest in preserving and restoring the buildings associated with Columbus) began, in part, with the nineteenth-century writer Washington Irving, from the United States, whose travels in Spain included this area. His diary entries for 12–14 August 1828 deal with the Lugares colombinos; that same year he would publish A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus; he also published a short essay about Palos as an appendix to Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus.
The Lugares colombinos remain a strong reminder of the history linking Spain to Latin America, and are the most noted historical and cultural sites in the province of Huelva."
Málaga,"Málaga ( (listen) MAL-ə-gə, Spanish: [ˈmalaɣa]) is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 578,460 in 2020, it is the second-most populous city in Andalusia and the sixth most populous in the country. It lies in Southern Iberia on the Costa del Sol (""Coast of the Sun"") of the Mediterranean, primarily in the left bank of the Guadalhorce. The urban core originally developed in the space in between the Gibralfaro Hill and the Guadalmedina.
Málaga's history spans about 2,800 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe. According to most scholars, it was founded about 770 BC by the Phoenicians from Tyre as Malaka. From the 6th century BC the city was under the hegemony of Ancient Carthage, and from 218 BC, it was under Roman rule, economically prospering owing to garum production. In the 8th century, after a period of Visigothic and Byzantine rule, it was placed under Islamic rule. In 1487, the Crown of Castile gained control in the midst of the Granada War. In the 19th century, the city underwent a period of industrialisation followed by a decay in all socioeconomic parametres in the last third of the century.The most important business sectors in Málaga are tourism, construction and technology services, but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand. Málaga has consolidated as tech hub, with companies mainly concentrated in the Málaga TechPark (Technology Park of Andalusia). It hosts the headquarters of the region's largest bank, Unicaja, and it is the fourth-ranking city in Spain in terms of economic activity behind Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia. Regarding transportation, Málaga is served by the Málaga–Costa del Sol Airport and the Port of Málaga, whereas the city is connected to the high-speed railway network since 2007."
Marbella,"Marbella (UK:  mar-BAY-yə, US:  mar-BEL-ə, Spanish: [maɾˈβeʎa]) is a city and municipality in southern Spain, belonging to the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is part of the Costa del Sol and is the headquarters of the Association of Municipalities of the region; it is also the head of the judicial district that bears its name.
Marbella is situated on the Mediterranean Sea, between Málaga and the Strait of Gibraltar, in the foothills of the Sierra Blanca. The municipality covers an area of 117 square kilometres (45 sq mi) crossed by highways on the coast, which are its main entrances.
In 2018, the population of the city was 141,463 inhabitants, making it the second most populous municipality in the province of Málaga and the seventh in Andalusia. It is one of the most important tourist cities of the Costa del Sol and throughout most of the year is an international tourist attraction, due mainly to its climate and tourist infrastructure.
The city also has a significant archaeological heritage, several museums and performance spaces,  and a cultural calendar with events ranging from reggae concerts to opera performances."
Maspalomas,"Maspalomas (Spanish: [maspaˈlomas]) is a tourist resort in the south of the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, stretching from Bahía Feliz in the east to Meloneras in the west, including the resort towns of San Agustín, Playa del Inglés and San Fernando. Maspalomas constitutes the southernmost part of the municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana, and of the island."
Meloneras,"Meloneras is a tourist town on the south coast of the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, part of the town of Maspalomas in the municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana.
It is mostly characterised by tourist hotels and other accommodations. Its most prominent landmark is the Faro de Maspalomas, next to Maspalomas Beach and the Maspalomas Dunes.Some of the luxury hotel complexes in Meloneras display are notable for their Canarian Spanish Colonial Revival style, partly derived from de la Torre's Hotel Santa Catalina (1890) in Las Palmas. The Costa Meloneras Hotel, opened in 2000, the Villa del Conde hotel thas was opened in 2005, incorporates a replica of the nearby town of Agüimes (the home town of Eustasio López González, founder of the Lopesan Hotel Group), including a distinctive replica of the large, domed Church of San Sebastián, which serves as the hotel reception."
Morro Velosa,"Morro Velosa is a scenic viewpoint on the Canary Island of Fuerteventura, Spain. The so-called “Mirador Morro Velosa” allows visitors to observe the northern area of the island, including the dunes of Corralejo, the villages of el Cotillo, and Antigua.
Artist and architect César Manrique designed the Morro Velosa lookout, which features a snack bar, gardens, information on the geology of Fuerteventura, and a scale model of the volcanic island.
Morro Velosa, situated on the Tegú Mountain with a height of approximately 645 meters, is located between the protected Betancuria Rural Park and the Valle de Santa Inés.
There is another scenic viewpoint about one kilometer to the north, called “Mirador de Guise y Ayose”. This viewpoint includes two statues of Fuerteventura’s former kings (Guise and Ayose)."
Pamplona,"Pamplona (Spanish: [pamˈplona]; Basque: Iruña [iɾuɲa] or Iruñea [iɾuɲe.a]), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain.
Lying at near 450 m (1,480 ft) above sea level, the city (and the wider Cuenca de Pamplona) is located on the flood plain of the Arga river, a second-order tributary of the Ebro. Precipitation-wise, it is located in a transitional location between the rainy Atlantic northern façade of the Iberian Peninsula and its drier inland. Early population in the settlement traces back to the late Bronze to early Iron Age, even if the traditional inception date refers to the foundation of Pompaelo by Pompey during the Sertorian Wars circa 75 BC. During Visigothic rule Pamplona became an episcopal see, serving as a staging ground for the Christianization of the area. It later became one of the capitals of the Kingdom of Pamplona/Navarre.
The city is famous worldwide for the running of the bulls during the San Fermín festival, which is held annually from July 6 to July 14. This festival was brought to literary renown with the 1926 publication of Ernest Hemingway's novel The Sun Also Rises. It is also home to Osasuna, the only Navarrese football club to have ever played in the Spanish top division."
Pontevedra,"Pontevedra (Galician: [ˌpontɪˈβɛðɾɐ], Spanish: [ponteˈβeðɾa]) is a Spanish city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of both the Comarca (County) and Province of Pontevedra, and of the Rías Baixas in Galicia. It is also the capital of its own municipality which is often considered an extension of the actual city.
The city is best known for its urban planning, pedestrianisation and the charm of its old town. Between 2013 and 2020, the city had been awarded numerous awards for its urban planning, like the international European Intermodes Urban Mobility Award in 2013, the 2014 Dubai International Best Practices Award for Sustainable Development awarded by UN-Habitat in partnership with Dubai Municipality and the Excellence Award of the center for Active Design in New York City in 2015, among others. The city also won the European Commission's first prize for urban safety in 2020.Surrounded by hills, the city is located on the edge of an estuary at the mouth of the Lérez river by the sea, at the end of the Ria de Pontevedra, in the heart of the Rías Baixas. An economic centre and tourist destination, with a population of 83,260 in 2020, it is at the head of a metropolitan area around its Ria of more than 200,000 inhabitants comprising the municipalities of Poio, Marín, Sanxenxo, Bueu, Vilaboa, Cerdedo-Cotobade, Ponte Caldelas, Barro and Soutomaior.
Pontevedra has the second most important historic center in Galicia, after Santiago de Compostela. A city of art and history, the city is known as The Good City (name attributed by the French author Jean Froissart in his Chronicles in the 14th century) or The City of the Lérez. The city is also an important stopover on the Portuguese Way path of the Camino de Santiago: the circular church of the Pilgrim Virgin has a floor plan in the shape of a scallop shell and there are scallop shells sculpted in the arches of the medieval Burgo Bridge.
Pontevedra city has an important group of monumental buildings, including the Basilica of Saint Mary Major (16th century) with its plateresque Renaissance façade, the Baroque Church of the Pilgrim Virgin (18th century) with its rounded façade, the ruins of the Gothic Convent of San Domingo (13th century), the Gothic Church of San Francisco (13th century), the Baroque Church of San Bartholomew (end of the 17th century) and the Gothic Convent of Santa Clare (14th century). Its old town contains numerous coat of arms houses (the 15th century House of the Bells or the 18th century García Flórez Palace), mansions – the Mendoza Mansion, Villa Pilar – as well as old palaces such as the 18th century Mugartegui Palace, which is now the headquarters of the Rias Baixas Wine Regulatory Council, or the Counts of Maceda Palace, which is now a Parador. Another major symbol of the city is the Ravachol Parrot, whose statue is in the city centre. The city also has a marina close to its historic centre. At present, Pontevedra is a city in full revival. It has become the flagship city of the network of walkable cities and one of the cities in the world where children live best, known as The City of Children.Pontevedra is an important administrative, political, judicial, military, historical and cultural centre. In the 16th century it was the largest city in Galicia. Nowadays it is marked by a large presence of administrative services (provincial Administrative Complex and provincial branches of the central government), justice (provincial court and provincial judicial complex), political (Pontevedra provincial council, provincial government delegation), military (provincial defence delegation, BRILAT) and cultural (Pontevedra Museum, Pontevedra Auditorium and Convention Centre, Principal Theatre, faculty of Fine Arts, Afundación cultural centre, Café Moderno)."
El Portil and Nuevo Portil,"El Portil and Nuevo Portil are two coastal population units separated by one street, known as Laguna Seca street, and managed by two municipalities, in the Province of Huelva, autonomous community of Andalusia, in southern Spain. People differentiates on which side of the street they are using El Portil or Nuevo Portil as if it were the name of districts of the same town. El Portil is managed by the municipality of Punta Umbría whereas Nuevo Portil is managed by the Cartaya municipality. The stable population, in winter, is about 2400 inhabitants about (1122 in Nuevo Portil  and 1027 in El Portil) in 2016, while in the Summer season, is around 28.000. Most of them, tourists from the provinces of Huelva, Seville, Badajoz, Madrid and even the Basque Country and Galicia. People from other countries prefer to visit El Portil and Nuevo Portil in Autumn, Winter and Spring seasons.
Located parallel to the end zone of the Flecha de El Rompido, the main economic activity is tourism. El Portil and Nuevo Portil share a beach of 4 km long and 40–60 meters wide as an average. Further inland is the Laguna del Portil lake of great environmental value.
El Portil and Nuevo Portil, since its inception as an Area of Touristic Interest, has always had a considerable number of tourists, mainly Spanish, but also many foreigners. Foreign tourists most seen by these streets come from United Kingdom and France and Italy."
Punta de Tarifa,"Punta de Tarifa or Punta Marroquí (Tarifa Point or Moroccan Point) is the southernmost point of the Iberian Peninsula and Continental Europe. It is located in the province of Cádiz and the autonomous community of Andalusia on the Atlantic end of the Straits of Gibraltar. The coast of Morocco can be seen from this point.
The point is the southeastern tip of the former island, known as Isla de Tarifa or Isla de Las Palomas, located offshore and now connected to the mainland by a causeway. The island was occupied by a military installation between the 1930s and 2001.The name of Tarifa, both for the island and for the municipality, originates from Tarif ibn Malik, who in 711 started here the Islamic conquest of Hispania."
Rías Altas,"Rías Altas (also called ""Upper Rias"") is the northernmost of three sections of A Costa do Marisco (the Seafood Coast) in Galicia, Spain. It extends from the port of Ribadeo to Santa Cruz.
The Upper Rias refers to the coast of the northern part of A Coruña Province and the entire coastline of the Lugo Province.
The biggest city port of the Upper Rias is Ferrol - the most important Naval Station in North-western Spain."
Rías Baixas,"The Rías Baixas (Galician for ""Lower Rias"") are a series of four estuarine inlets located on the southwestern coast of Galicia, Spain. They are the Ría de Muros e Noia, the Ría de Arousa, the Ría de Pontevedra, and the Ría de Vigo. The northernmost Rías Baixas begin below Cape Finisterre while the southernmost rias border the Portuguese coast, taking up the southern part of the Province of Coruña and the entire Province of Pontevedra. Its capital is the city of Pontevedra. Due to unique conditions, the Rías Baixas are rich in marine life which helps the fishing and aquaculture industry of the area. Beaches, marinas, distinctive towns, and plenty of water activities also attract tourists, providing another source of income."
Route of the Bull,"The Route of the Bull (in Spanish, Ruta del Toro) is a tourist trail in the province of Cádiz, Spain, that traverses the areas where fighting bulls are raised. These bulls, used in bullfights (corridas) throughout Spain, are of a breed native to Spain, a breed also appreciated for its beef. The Route of the Bull is meant to direct tourists through landscapes where it is possible to observe these totemic animals in their natural habitat, but the scenic beauty of the countryside, and the myriad points of historical and cultural interest along the way, make following the route worthwhile even for the visitor who finds the very notion of the bullfight off-putting.
The trail runs between Jerez de la Frontera and Tarifa, and it passes through the municipalities of San José del Valle, Paterna de Rivera, Medina Sidonia, Benalup-Casas Viejas, Alcalá de los Gazules, Jimena de la Frontera, Castellar de la Frontera, San Roque and Los Barrios. 
Another tourist trail of this sort is the route that wanders through the pueblos blancos of the province of Cádiz, the so-called White Towns of Andalusia."
San Cristóbal de La Laguna,"San Cristóbal de La Laguna (commonly known as La Laguna, Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ kɾisˈtoβal de la laˈɣuna]) is a city and municipality in the northern part of the island of Tenerife in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, on the Canary Islands, Spain. The former capital of the Canary Islands, the city is the third-most populous city of the archipelago and the second-most populous city of the island. La Laguna's historical center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999. La Laguna is situated alongside the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife; thus, the two cities and municipalities form a single large urban center. Its economy is business-oriented while agriculture dominates the northeastern portion of the city. The urban area dominates the central and the southern parts.
La Laguna is considered to be the cultural capital of the Canary Islands. In this city one finds the house of the spectre of Catalina Lercaro, as well as the incorrupt body of Sor María de Jesús, and the Christ of La Laguna (Cristo de La Laguna). Another emblematic building of the city is the Cathedral of La Laguna, which is the Catholic cathedral of Tenerife and its diocese (Diocese of Tenerife). Important historical figures of the city include Amaro Pargo, one of the famous corsairs of the Golden Age of Piracy, and José de Anchieta, Catholic saint and missionary and founder of the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil."
Secretary of State for Tourism,"The Secretary of State for Tourism (SETUR) is a high-ranking official of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism of the Government of Spain.
The Secretary of State for the Tourism is responsible for carrying out as many actions as are necessary for the definition, development, coordination and execution of the Government's tourist policies, without prejudice to the competencies of the Interministerial Committee for Tourism, as well as the institutional tourist relations of the General State Administration with international, public or private organizations, and international tourism cooperation, in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In addition, and through the Tourism Institute of Spain (TURESPAÑA), whose Presidency corresponds to the Secretary of State, the SET exercises the function of external promotion of tourism. It's also the department responsible for the management of the Fund for the Modernization of Tourist Infrastructures (FOMIT), a fund destined to support the renovation and modernization plans of developed tourist destinations manage by the local administrations and public tourist companies."
Sitges,"Sitges (Old Catalan for 'underground [grain] silos'; Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsid͡ʒəs], Spanish: [ˈsit͡ʃas]) is a town about 35 kilometres southwest of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain, renowned worldwide for its Film Festival, Carnival, and LGBT Culture. Located between the Garraf Massif and the Mediterranean Sea, it is known for its beaches, nightspots, and historical sites.
While the roots of Sitges' artistic reputation date back to the late 19th century, when painter Santiago Rusiñol took up residence there during the summer, the town became a centre for the 1960s counterculture in mainland Spain during the Francoist regime, and became known as ""Ibiza in miniature"".
Today, the economy of Sitges is based on tourism and culture, offering more than 4,500 hotel beds, half of them in four-star hotels.Sitges is a gay-friendly destination with many establishments catering for the LGBT community and popular gay beaches.
Almost 35% of the approximately 26,000 permanent inhabitants are from the Netherlands, the UK, France, and Scandinavia, whose children attend international schools in the area. There are 17 beaches. Sitges was also the site of the annual Bilderberg conference held in June 2010.
Sitges has been referred to as the Saint-Tropez of Spain, with property prices approaching those of the most expensive European cities, the main reason for this being the setting by the sea and the surrounding Garraf Park. Proximity to Barcelona-El Prat Airport is also a major advantage.

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Spain... on the Road Again,"Spain… on the road Again is a 2008 American food and travel series produced by PBS.  The show features Iron Chef Mario Batali, actress Gwyneth Paltrow, New York Times food writer Mark Bittman, and Spanish actress Claudia Bassols. Each episode covers a different region of Spain as the foursome explore the country's culinary traditions and history.
Before the series premiere on PBS (the week of September 20, 2008), Paltrow and Batali promoted their tour and series on the September 17, 2008 episode of Oprah."
Tarragona,"Tarragona (Catalan: [tərəˈɣonə], Spanish: [taraˈɣona]; Phoenician: Tarqon; Latin: Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea. Founded before the fifth century BC, it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona, and part of Tarragonès and Catalonia. It shares a border in the north with the Province of Barcelona and the Province of Lleida."
Teide,"Teide, or Mount Teide, (Spanish: El Teide, Pico del Teide, pronounced [ˈpiko ðel ˈtejðe], ""Peak of Teide"") is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain. Its summit (at 3,715 m (12,188 ft)) is the highest point in Spain and the highest point above sea level in the islands of the Atlantic. If measured from the ocean floor, its height of 7,500 m (24,600 ft) makes Teide the third-highest volcano in the world, and is described by UNESCO and NASA as Earth's third-tallest volcanic structure. Teide's elevation above sea level makes Tenerife the tenth highest island in the world.
Teide was formed just 170,000 years ago due to volcanic activity following a catastrophic landslide. Teide's base is situated in the Teide National Park along Las Cañadas crater (the remains of an older, eroded, extinct volcano) at a height of around 2,190 m (7,190 ft) above sea level. Teide is an active volcano: its most recent eruption occurred in late 1909 from the El Chinyero vent on the northwestern Santiago rift. The United Nations Committee for Disaster Mitigation designated Teide a Decade Volcano because of its history of destructive eruptions and its proximity to several large towns, of which the closest are Garachico, Icod de los Vinos and Puerto de la Cruz. Teide, Pico Viejo and Montaña Blanca form the Central Volcanic Complex of Tenerife.
The volcano and its surroundings make up Teide National Park, which has an area of 18,900 hectares (47,000 acres) and was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007. Teide is the most visited natural wonder of Spain, the most visited national park in Spain and Europe and – by 2015 – the eighth most visited in the world, with some 3 million visitors yearly. In 2016, it was visited by 4,079,823 visitors and tourists, reaching a historical record. Teide Observatory, a major international astronomical observatory, is located on the slopes of the mountain."
Teide National Park,"Teide National Park (Spanish: Parque nacional del Teide, pronounced [ˈpaɾke naθjoˈnal de ˈtejðe]) is a national park located in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
The national park is centered on Mount Teide, the highest mountain of Spain (3,718 meters high) in addition, the highest volcano in the Atlantic Ocean  islands and the third highest volcano in the world from its base in the ocean floor (7.500 meters high). Pico Viejo, also included within the national park limits, is the second highest volcano in the Canary Islands with its 3,135 m peak. Mount Teide and Pico Viejo are the only two peaks in the Canary islands rising above the 3,000 m level.The park has an area of 18,990 hectares located in the municipality of La Orotava. It was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on June 28, 2007. Since the end of 2007, it has also been one of the 12 Treasures of Spain. On a ridge, to the east of Teide, are the telescopes of the Observatorio del Teide.
Teide is the most visited national park in Spain and −by 2015− the eighth most visited in the world, with some 3 million visitors yearly. In 2016, it was visited by 4,079,823 visitors and tourists reaching a historical record.There are morning and afternoon coach trips through the park, departing from selected areas in the south of Tenerife's tourist towns. Access to the peak requires a free permit that needs to be booked in advance.

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Tourism in the Basque Autonomous Community,"Tourism in the Basque Autonomous Community has increased considerably in recent years. According to data from the Eustat (Basque Institute for Statistics) the number of tourists entering the region in the year 2009 was 1,991,790, with the final result still pending. 71% of the yearly visitors come from the rest of Spain; the greatest number from Madrid Autonomous Community (14.2%), and Catalonia (11.1%). International visitors make up the remaining 29% - the largest percent come from France (7.2%). 62% of the people who come to the Basque Autonomous Community visit one of the three capitals, 27% visit inland and 11% visit the coast. The average stay of the visitors is 2 days.272 establishments possess the Q award, a certificate denoting quality in the Spanish tourism sector. In the Basque Autonomous Community 140 tourist establishments, including hotels, apartments and tourist offices, among others, have the Accessibility Seal from a program which advises tourist establishments how to improve their ability to serve customers with physical and intellectual difficulties and visual and hearing impairment."
Villamartin,"Villamartin is the name of both an urbanisation and a golf course in the Costa Blanca area of eastern Spain. It lies in the municipality of Orihuela, in the province of Alicante in the Valencian Community .
Villamartin is one of the many new developments in the past decade in this area of Costa Blanca. The area is very popular with tourists and most of the population consists of Western European expatriate communities who have settled there in the last 10 years, virtually transforming the village into a modern-looking town. There are also other golf courses nearby and numerous beaches. The nearest beach is La Zenia beach.
The area is home to El Limonar International School, Villamartin, an international school that teaches in both Spanish and English.
Villamartin is situated on the Costa Blanca in the municipality of Orihuela and the province of Alicante. It is one hours drive south of the Alicante airport and a twenty-minute drive north of the Murcia airport.
The construction of Villamartin started in 1972 and the area has now evolved into a cosmopolitan urbanisation, comprising some 1,500 apartments, villas and town houses. The main inhabitants are from western Europe and mostly English speaking. The Villamartin area is party to a lot of tourism, resulting in the appearance of numerous family-friendly attractions, from golf to water sports and go-cart tracks. The major attraction for both domestic and non-domestic tourism is the climate, as Villamartin has some 300 days of sunshine and a 20 degree average annual temperature, as well as the number of large beaches located in the area which were awarded the European Blue Flag for cleanliness, safety and the provision of facilities for the whole family. 
Villamartin has two championship golf courses; Campo de Golf Villamartin, which was home to the 1994 Mediterranean Open, and Campo de Golf Las Ramblas. There are also a number of other courses in the near surrounding area.The urbanisation of Villamartin is known for its central plaza located near to the Villamartin Golf Course. It consists of a bank, grocery store, doctor's office, a variety of bars, night clubs, cafés and restaurants, plus a number of apartments. The Plaza is built around a square that has a number of palm trees which are home to quite a few African Ring Neck Parrots. These parrots have achieved a celebrity status with the local tourists who are not used to the sight, and are seen as a pleasant addition to the area."
Zarautz,"Zarautz (Basque: [s̻aɾaut͡s̻] (listen), Spanish: Zarauz) is a coastal town located in central Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, in Spain. It is bordered by Aia to the east and the south and Getaria to the west, located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of San Sebastián. It has four enclaves limiting the aforementioned municipalities: Alkortiaga, Ekano, Sola, and Arbestain. As of 2014, Zarautz has a population of 22,890, which usually swells to about 60,000 in the summer.
The Palace of Narros, located adjacent to Zarautz's 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long beach, is where Queen Isabella II and Fabiola of Belgium once spent their summer holidays. The beach is known for being the longest in the Basque Country and one of longest of the Cantabrian cornice.
The Mayor of Zarautz since 2015 has been Xabier Txurruka (Basque Nationalist Party)."
Tourism in Sri Lanka,"Tourism in Sri Lanka is growing rapidly. For centuries, Sri Lanka has been a popular place of attraction for foreign travelers. The Chinese traveler Fa-Hien visited Sri Lanka as early as the 410's AD/CE, and in the twelfth century, Italian explorer Marco Polo claimed Sri Lanka to be the ""best island of its size in the world"".

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Millennium Elephant Foundation,"Millennium Elephant Foundation (MEF) is an organization and charity set up to rescue and care for captive Asian elephants in Sri Lanka. The foundation is situated on a 15-acre estate by the name of Samaragiri, which is located 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Kegalle, within the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. As of 2019 there are 10 elephants that either permanently or temporarily reside at the sanctuary. These elephants are taken care of by 13 local mahouts and a number of foreign volunteers.The foundation is funded predominantly by tourists and volunteer fees. This money is used to develop and improve conditions for the elephants at MEF, as well as run an education program for farmers and their families in Habarana."
National Trust Sri Lanka,"The National Trust - Sri Lanka or National Trust for Cultural and Natural Heritage is a non-profit organisation, which works to preserve and protect the natural and cultural heritage of Sri Lanka and to increase public awareness of the country's historic and architectural treasures. The Trust was founded on 25 May 2005 by archaeologists, Professor Senake Bandaranayake and Doctor Roland Silva.These activities of the Trust are primarily directed towards what is not already protected or safeguarded by the Government, through the Archaeological Department of Sri Lanka and the Central Cultural Fund.
The National Trust - Sri Lanka has built a good working relationship with other National Trusts worldwide, equally with the organisations and their members, in places such as Canada, Scotland, England, Ireland, Wales, and the United States."
Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation,"Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation (abbreviated SLEF) is a national association of Sri Lanka that aims to create a wide network of ecotourism actors throughout the country. The organization focuses on developing the economic and social development of rural communities through tourism.
SLEF supports local communities to take part in community based tourism and conservation projects. The organization has been founded in 1998 by Palitha Gurusinghe, who is a member of Advisory Board of The International Ecotourism Society and a famous presenter in Ecotourism and Community Based Tourism."
List of the tallest statues in Sri Lanka,"This list of the tallest statues in the Sri Lanka includes free-standing, completed statues in the Sri Lanka that are at least 5 meters (16 feet) tall. The height of these statues are measured from the top of its base/pedestal up to its maximum height (including monuments with spires or obelisks)."
Udawalawe Elephant Transit Home,"The Udawalawe Elephant Transist Home (Sinhala: උඩවලව ඇත් අතුරු සෙවණ, romanized: Udawalawa Ath Athuru Sewana) is a wildlife protection facility within Udawalawe National Park in Sri Lanka that was established in 1995 by the Sri Lanka Department of Wildlife Conservation."
Unawatuna,"Unawatuna is a coastal town in Galle district of Sri Lanka. Unawatuna is a major tourist attraction in Sri Lanka and known for its beach and corals. It is a suburb of Galle, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast to the city center and approximately 108 kilometres (67 mi) south of Colombo. Unawatuna is situated at an elevation of 5 metres (16 ft) above the sea level. Despite significant development in the last decade it is still home to the endangered and endemic purple-faced langur, an usually shy monkey species that can only be found in Sri Lanka's forests."
Visa policy of Sri Lanka,"All visitors to Sri Lanka must obtain a visa either on arrival to Sri Lanka or in advance. Most visitors entering for tourism purposes are required to obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) in order to receive a visa on arrival, unless they are exempt from obtaining one. However, nationals of some countries must obtain a visa in advance instead of an ETA before being allowed to enter Sri Lanka. All visitors must hold a passport valid for 6 months."
Tourism in Sudan,"Tourism in Sudan is a minor contributor to the country's economy. As of 2019, travel and tourism contributed about 2.4% of Sudan’s gross domestic product (GDP). Sudan is infrequently visited compared to other African countries, and long-running internal conflict has damaged the country's tourism industry.International tourists numbered approximately 591,000 in 2013, an increase from 29,000 as of 1995. As of 2013, approximately 1.3% of the Sudanese labor force was employed in tourism.Popular activities include rafting, kayaking, trekking, and Nile cruises. Popular attractions include Dinder National Park, the Marrah Mountains, the National Museum, and the Red Sea coast. Archaeological sites are also of tourist interest and include the Pyramids of Meroë, tombs at Kerma, and the temple at Soleb.There has been recent investment in tourism, but Sudan's tourist infrastructure is underdeveloped. The Sudanese government's tourism strategy focuses on ecotourism. Since 2010, the private Sudan International University has offered education in tourism through its Faculty of Tourism and Hotels."
Tourism in Sweden,"Tourism in Sweden comprised a relatively small part of the Swedish economy in 2011 at 2.9% of the country's GDP; at this time, tourism generated 264 billion Swedish krona, 98.8 billion of which was foreign-visitor expenditure in Sweden. 7.1% of Swedish household income is spent on domestic tourism.One well-known tourist route is via train from southern to northern Sweden, viewing historical, natural and cultural attractions. This route is particularly popular among German tourists.
According to the CIA World Factbook, Sweden was the 21st most-visited country in the world, with 7,627,000 arrivals in 2006."
"Dalhem, Gotland","Dalhem (also referred to as Dalhem and Hallvide), is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Dalhem District, established on 1 January 2016."
Eskelhem,"Eskelhem is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. The area is rural with farms. It comprises the same area as the administrative Eskelhem District, established on 1 January 2016."
Fardhem,"Fardhem (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈfɑ̂ːɖhɛm]) is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Fardhem District, established on 1 January 2016. The area is rural with farms, tourism and small companies as the main sources of income. It is home to football club Fardhem IF."
First Camp,"First Camp, sometimes referred to as First Camp Sverige is a  private chain of campgrounds in Sweden and Denmark. First Camp was founded in 2002 when five entrepreneurs within the Swedish tourism industry decided to start the first private chain of campgrounds in Sweden. In 2019, First Camp merged with the other major campsite chain in Scandinavia, Nordic Camping, which was rebranded to First Camp.
Following the merger, the group is Scandinavia's largest campsite chain with 39 campsites in Sweden and 5 in Denmark. Total revenues in 2019 reached almost 400 mn SEK."
Hablingbo,"Hablingbo (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhâbːlɪŋˌbuː]) is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Hablingbo District, established on 1 January 2016.In 1961, the Havor Hoard was found at a hillfort in the small village of Havor in Hablingbo."
Birger Nordholm,"Birger Joseph Nordholm (June 25, 1897 – November 30, 1989), was a Swedish-American founding director of the Swedish National Tourist Office in New York City, and the first Chairman of the European Travel Commission."
Sälen,"Sälen (pronounced [sæːlen]) is a locality situated in Malung-Sälen Municipality, Dalarna County, Sweden with 652 inhabitants in 2010.Despite its small population, Sälen receives many tourists every winter. Sälen is best known for hosting the start of Vasaloppet, the oldest (since 1922) and largest cross country ski race in the world, with over 15,000 participants in the main race alone. It is also known for its many alpine ski resorts, of which there are seven. The oldest resort in Sälen is Högfjällshotellet which was built in 1937 remains popular for recreation, cross country skiing and downhill skiing. Newer resorts with steeper mountains are Hundfjället and Stöten. Other resorts are Lindvallen, Näsfjället, Tandådalen, and Kläppen. Today Lindvallen, Högfjället, Tandådalen and Hundfjället are operated by the Skistar company. Lindvallen and Högfjället are connected with ski lifts, as is Tandådalen with Hundfjället The vertical height is up to 350 m.

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Sälen/Scandinavian Mountains Airport,"Sälen/Scandinavian Mountains Airport (IATA: SCR, ICAO: ESKS), also referred to as Sälen Trysil Airport, is an airport in the municipality of Malung-Sälen, Dalarna, Sweden, close to the Norwegian border."
Scandinavian Tourist Board,"The Scandinavian Tourist Board (STB) is a joint initiative by the national tourist boards of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. STB is responsible for promoting Scandinavia and Scandinavian tourism products in Asia-Pacific with particular emphasis on the major markets of Japan and China."
Swedish National Heritage Board,"The Swedish National Heritage Board (Swedish: Riksantikvarieämbetet; RAÄ) is a Swedish government agency responsible for World Heritage Sites and other national heritage monuments and historical environments. It is governed by the Ministry of Culture.The goals of the agency are to encourage the preservation and protection of historic environments and to promote the respect for and knowledge of historic environments. In order to do this, it tries to ensure that Swedish heritage is accessible to all citizens, to spread information about that heritage, and to ""empower heritage as a force in the evolution of a democratic, sustainable society""."
Swedish Tourist Association,"The Swedish Tourist Association (Swedish: Svenska Turistföreningen, pronounced [ˈsvɛ̂nːska tʉˈrɪ̂stfœrˌeːnɪŋɛn]; abbreviated STF), founded in 1885, aims at promoting outdoor life and knowledge among the Swedes about their country.The Association maintains a variety of trails, huts and hostels in different parts of Sweden. It became known for the creation of Kungsleden, a 440 kilometer long hiking trail in Lapland, through one of Europe's largest remaining wilderness areas.
The association has approximately 300,000 members, employing about 500 people of which 400 for seasonal work, for instance as landlords for 45 fell huts and 10 larger fell hostels.
Dag Hammarskjöld belongs to the association's most prominent leaders. As Secretary-General of the United Nations the only remaining duties Hammarskjöld kept in Sweden were those associated with his vice-chairmanship of Svenska Turistföreningen and his membership of the Swedish Academy. The farm Backåkra, acquired by Hammarskjöld in 1957, is in accordance to his will maintained by STF. A part of the farm serves as a retreat for the members of the Academy."
Tingstäde,"Tingstäde is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Tingstäde District, established on 1 January 2016.Tingstäde is most noted for its nearby lake Lake Tingstäde, which contains the sunken Bulverket fortification, built, used and abandoned during the 12th century."
Tourism in Switzerland,"Tourists are drawn to Switzerland's diverse landscape as well as the available activities, which take advantage of the Alpine climate and landscapes, in particular for skiing and mountaineering.
As of 2016, tourism accounted for an estimated 2.6% (CHF 16.8 billion) of Switzerland's gross domestic product, compared to 2.6% (CHF 12.8 billion) in 2001."
Banque de Montreux,"The Banque de Montreux was a Swiss bank founded in 1868, which played a significant role in the development of tourism in the area around Lake Geneva. Originally it started with 85,000 Swiss francs, but by 1900 it had 2 million francs which then grew to 4 million francs by 1906.
However, with the advent of the First World War and its impact on tourism, the bank started to experience difficulties and was supported by the Banque Cantonale Vaudoise. These difficulties continued after the war although the tourist trade had started to pick up. The bank went through restructuring in 1925–6 with its capital being reduced from 6 million to 4.2 million francs. However, the 1931 Sterling crisis led to its final closure."
Walter Hunziker,"Walter Hunziker (1899–1974) was a Swiss professor who founded the Tourism Research Institute at the University of St. Gallen, co-developed the scientific study of tourism, developed the travel savings fund concept, co-founded the Association Internationale d'Experts Scientifiques du Tourisme (AIEST) and the Institut International de Glion. He was a director of the Swiss Tourism Federation, member of Swiss Advisory Committee for Trade Policy, and author."
Indian cinema and Switzerland,"Although Indian cinema has been shot in a variety of foreign settings, the use of Switzerland as a backdrop for many scenes in Indian cinema, especially Hindi films, has been particularly notable for its unusual prevalence, with the country being consistently featured and involved as a setting despite its relatively large distance and small size, lack of a significant diaspora population, and location outside the Anglosphere. This has been attributed to its natural beauty, particularly the snowy mountains of the Swiss Alps which are considered an exotic locale for much of India and are heavily featured in romantic scenes, that Indian filmmakers were looking for to replace Kashmir after the security situation there deteriorated. It is estimated that around 200 Indian films have been at least partially shot in Switzerland.
This phenomenon started in 1964 with the film Sangam, and some films followed in its footsteps through the rest of the decade. With the liberalisation of the Indian economy, there was a major boom in the use of Switzerland as a setting in the 1990s, with Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995) and other Yash Raj films being considered the ones that cemented Switzerland in the Indian public. As the practice started to be perceived as cliche and Bollywood expanded its use of other locales, the use of Switzerland has since entered a decline. However, the Swiss government and tourism associations have successfully used these images of Switzerland to successfully promote travel from India, with financial incentives being offered for further productions to be filmed there and statues of Indian film personalities being built. Although Indians make a small share of tourism in the country, their numbers are growing rapidly, with ""Bollywood tours"" becoming popular throughout central Switzerland."
Jucker Farm,"Jucker Farm is a Swiss agrotourism company and agriculture producer and distributor, that operates three farm estates including restaurants and three farm shops. Based in Seegräben in the canton of Zürich, Jucker Farm is known for the agricultural events, among them the biggest pumpkin festival in Switzerland, and Jucker Farm is also the most important pumpkin producer respectively distributor in Switzerland."
Quality Label for Swiss Tourism,"The Quality Label for Swiss Tourism is a certification for quality standards provided by the Swiss Tourism Federation. Founded in 1998 a total of 4034 establishments have already been awarded.  There are three levels of the quality label. Its objective is to raise the awareness of quality in businesses, to foster collaboration between the various providers. The Quality Label gives the certainty that the company or the establishment have dedicated themselves to hospitality and specific quality standards. Any company in the service sector in Switzerland is able to be awarded with the Q-Label.  Management and staff members of these Q-enterprises commit themselves to stick to the definitions of the requirements provided by the Swiss Tourism Federation for each of the three Q-Levels. These touristic enterprises allow themselves, in the context of the Quality Program, to be judged by customers and bring improvements if necessary. Currently awarded properties are hotels, restaurants, local public transport services, mountain railways and taxi companies.

The Quality Label Level I
The Quality Label Level II
The Quality Label Level III - The Quality Label Level III is awarded to establishments that developed and successfully implemented a comprehensive and internationally recognised quality management system (QMS) such as ISO 9001:2000 or EFQM."
Swiss Alpine Club,"The Swiss Alpine Club (German: Schweizer Alpen-Club, French: Club Alpin Suisse, Italian: Club Alpino Svizzero, Romansh: Club Alpin Svizzer) is the largest mountaineering club in Switzerland. It was founded in 1863 in Olten and it is now composed of 111 sections with 160,000 members (2020). These include the Association of British Members of the Swiss Alpine Club."
Swiss National Bike Routes,"The Swiss National Bike Routes (German: Nationale Velorouten, French: Itinéraires à vélo nationaux, Italian: Percorsi nazionali) are the national cycling route network of Switzerland. There are currently 9 such long-distance cycling routes criss-crossing the Swiss nation and these were established mainly to promote bicycle tourism.
The routes are signposted with red signposts. National routes are characterized by single-digit numbers to tell them apart from the Swiss regional routes. Each national route is published in a guidebook in German and French with map sections at 1:100 000 scale with technical and tourist information.
Nine national and many regional routes were established. The nine national routes are:

Rhone Route : Andermatt - Geneva, 309 km (26 km unpaved road ), 4360 meters of altitude
Rhine Route : Andermatt - Oberalp Pass - Chur - Schaffhausen - Basel, 424 km
North -South Route : Basel - Chiasso, 363 km
Alpine Panorama Route : St.Margrethen - Aigle, 483 km
Mittelland Route : Roman Horn - Lausanne, 369 km
Graubünden Route : Chur - Bellinzona, 260 km
Jura Route : Basel - Nyon, 275 km
Aare Route : Upper Forest - Koblenz, 305 km
Lakes Route : Montreux - Rorschach, 497 kmNote that, these routes often follow paved roads and paths, but they also contain sections that are not yet paved. Only the Route 4 (Alpine Panorama Route) is paved throughout."
Swiss School of Tourism and Hospitality,"The EHL Swiss School of Tourism and Hospitality (EHL SSTH) is a Swiss hotel management school located in Passugg, a Village outside of Chur, Switzerland.  The School was founded in 1966, and joined the EHL group in 2013. An average of 350 students from 30 different countries are educated each semester. The hotel management school offers federally recognized qualifications, ranging from basic vocational training and higher education to Bachelor of Science degrees. The EHL Campus Passugg is built around a 19th-century spa hotel and includes several buildings, offering accommodations and five in-house restaurants."
The Vacations in a Listed Building Foundation,"The Vacations in a Listed Building Foundation (Fondation Vacances au coeur du patrimoine, Stiftung Ferien im Baudenkmal) is a nonprofit organization established in 2005 by the Swiss Heritage Society (SHS). The Foundation buys abandoned landmark buildings, restores them and rents them out as holiday homes."
Tourism in Syria,"Although Syria has some of the oldest cities in Western Asia, such as Damascus and Aleppo (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), tourism in Syria has greatly reduced as a result of the Syrian War, that began in 2011 and is ongoing, and its associated refugee crisis. Tourism has been further impacted by the  outbreak of COVID-19 starting in March 2020. The international economic sanctions imposed on Syria and the sharp drop in the value of the Syrian pound also adversely impact tourism in Syria. The Ministry of Tourism is the responsible government department.
Before the start of the Syrian Civil War, 8.5 million tourists visited Syria in 2010, who brought in tourist revenue estimated at LS 30.8 billion (US$8.4 billion, at 2010 rates), and accounted for 14% of the country's economy. By 2015, the number of tourists had declined by more than 98%, to 170,000.
Many tourist attractions have been damaged or destroyed by shelling, flights by all major airlines have been suspended, and many major tourist hotels have closed. It is estimated that considerable investment will be necessary to revive Syria's tourism industry."
Ministry of Tourism (Syria),The Ministry of Tourism is a department of the government of Syria.
Tourism in Taiwan,"Tourism in Taiwan is one of the major industries and contributor to the economy of Taiwan. In 2015, Taiwan received roughly 10 million international visitors. Tourism affairs are managed by the Tourism Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of Taiwan."
Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits,"The Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits (ATETS; simplified Chinese: 海峡两岸旅游交流协会; traditional Chinese: 海峽兩岸旅遊交流協會; pinyin: Hǎixiá Liǎng'àn Lǚyóu Jiāoliú Xiéhuì) is a semi-official representative office of the People's Republic of China in Taiwan handling tourism-related affairs. Its counterpart body in Mainland China by the Republic of China is the Taiwan Strait Tourism Association.
The CSTEA office is located in Ruentex Tower at Daan District, Taipei."
Hot springs in Taiwan,"Taiwan is part of the collision zone between the Yangtze Plate and Philippine Sea Plate. Eastern and southern Taiwan are the northern end of the Philippine Mobile Belt.
Located next to an oceanic trench and volcanic system in a tectonic collision zone, Taiwan has evolved a unique environment that produces high-temperature springs with crystal-clear water, usually both clean and safe to drink. These hot springs are commonly used for spas and resorts.
Soaking in hot springs became popular in Taiwan around 1895 during the 50-year long colonial rule by Japan."
Taiwan Strait Tourism Association,The Taiwan Strait Tourism Association (TSTA; traditional Chinese: 台灣海峽兩岸觀光旅遊協會; simplified Chinese: 台湾海峡两岸观光旅游协会; pinyin: Táiwān Hǎixiá Liǎng'àn Guānguāng Lǚyóu Xiéhuì) is a semi-official representative office of the Republic of China in Mainland China handling tourism-related affairs. Its counterpart body in Taiwan by the People's Republic of China is the Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits.
Tourism in Tanzania,"Tanzania is a country with many tourist attractions. Approximately 38 percent of Tanzania's land area is set aside in protected areas for conservation. There are 17 national parks, 29 game reserves, 40 controlled conservation areas (including the Ngorongoro Conservation Area) and marine parks. Tanzania is also home to Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest point in Africa.Travel and tourism contributed 17.5 percent of Tanzania's gross domestic product in 2016 and employed 11.0 percent of the country's labour force (1,189,300 jobs) in 2013. The sector is growing rapidly, rising from US$1.74 billion in 2004 to US$4.48 billion in 2013. In 2016, 1,284,279 tourists arrived at Tanzania's borders compared to 590,000 in 2005.In 2019, the Tanzanian tourism sector generated US$2.6 billion in revenues with 1.5 million tourist arrivals.   
In 2020, due to Covid-19, travel receipts declined to US$1.06 billion and the number of international tourist arrivals declined to 616,491.
In October 2021, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism of Tanzania has been granted TSh.90 billion/= for the financial year 2021-2022, part of the IMF loan for emergency financial assistance to support Tanzania’s efforts in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic."
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism,"The Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism is the government ministry of Tanzania that is responsible for the management of natural resources and cultural resources and for the development of the tourism industry.  It has a wide range of investments in various tourist resources and tourism industry projects.  Ministry offices are located in Dodoma. Dr. Damas Ndumbaro is the new Tourism Minister of Tanzania.The Ministry's motto is ""Tanzania Unforgettable
"".

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Tourism in Zanzibar,"Tourism in Zanzibar includes the tourism industry and its effects on the islands of Unguja (known internationally as Zanzibar) and Pemba in Zanzibar a semi-autonomous region in the United Republic of Tanzania. Tourism is the top income generator for the islands, outpacing even the lucrative agricultural export industry and providing roughly 25% of income. The main airport on the island is Zanzibar International Airport, though many tourists fly into Dar es Salaam and take a ferry to the island.
The Government of Zanzibar plays a major role in promoting the industry, with the official government tourist page stating that its goal regarding tourism is to ""become one of the top tourism destinations of the Indian Ocean, offering an up market, high quality product across the board within the coming 17 years."" Zanzibar Commission for Tourism recorded more than doubling the number of tourists from the 2015/2016 fiscal year and the following year, from 162,242 to 376,000.The increase in tourism has led to significant environmental impacts and mixed impacts on local communities, which were expected to benefit from economic development but in large part have not. Communities have witnessed increasing environmental degradation, and that flow of tourists has reduced the access of local communities to the marine and coastal resources that are the center of tourist activity."
Tourism in Thailand,"Tourism is an economic contributor to the Kingdom of Thailand. Estimates of tourism revenue directly contributing to the GDP of 12 trillion baht range from one trillion baht (2013) 2.53 trillion baht (2016), the equivalent of 9% to 17.7% of GDP. When including indirect travel and tourism receipts, the 2014 total is estimated to be the equivalent of 19.3% (2.3 trillion baht) of Thailand's GDP.: 1   The actual contribution of tourism to GDP is lower than these percentages because GDP is measured in value added not revenue. The valued added of the Thailand's tourism industry is not known (value added is revenue less purchases of inputs). According to the secretary-general of the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council in 2019, the government projects that the tourism sector will account for 30% of GDP by 2030, up from 20% in 2019.Tourism worldwide in 2017 accounted for 10.4% of global GDP and 313 million jobs, or 9.9% of total employment.: 1  Most governments view tourism as an easy moneymaker and a shortcut to economic development. Tourism success is measured by the number of visitors.Prior to the pandemic, Thailand was world’s eighth most visited country as per World Tourism rankings compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization. In 2019, Thailand received 39.8 million international tourists, ahead of United Kingdom and Germany.  and received fourth highest international tourism earning at 60.5 billion US dollar. 
The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), a state enterprise under the Ministry of Tourism and Sports, uses the slogan ""Amazing Thailand"" to promote Thailand internationally. In 2015, this was supplemented by a ""Discover Thainess"" campaign.

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Andaman Discoveries,"Andaman Discoveries (AD) is a tourism social enterprise in Kuraburi, Phang Nga Province, Thailand. It is the continuation of North Andaman Tsunami Relief (NATR), a non-profit organization based in Thailand that provides assistance to tsunami-affected villages in the north Andaman Sea region. Andaman Discoveries has assumed the work of NATR, fostering long-term social, economic, and environmental sustainability and generating viable economic opportunities via training and marketing."
Friends of Thailand Award,"Friends of Thailand Award
The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) has realized the contribution of individuals, organizations, and institutions overseas for their extensively continuous support in disseminating the public relations of Thailand’s positive image, which in turn has resulted in the country’s success to be a driving force of the tourism industry, subsequently to be well known as a model country for the tourism industry in the region. For this recognition, TAT would like to express our sincere gratitude to the benevolence of these people toward Thailand. The Friends of Thailand project was thereby initiated on 9 December 1996, and has been carried on the seventh time."
Gem scam,"The gem scam is a confidence trick performed usually against tourists. The most known version occurs in Bangkok, Thailand as well as other cities in the country. It is one of the most pervasive scams in Thailand. Most of the shops are gold or jewelry shops. The marks tend to be tourists from outside Thailand.  It has been alleged that this scam has been operating for the past 20 years, sometimes in the same premises. It has been suggested that individuals in the Royal Thai Police and even politicians protect this scam. The scam was demonstrated on an episode of the BBC series The Real Hustle and in a Scam City episode in Bangkok. Also in other countries such as Turkey and Sri Lanka, the trick is performed in various versions."
Hat Kata,"Hat Kata (Thai: หาดกะตะ, pronounced [hàːt kā.tàʔ]) is a beach which extends 1.5 kilometers on the west coast of the island of Phuket in Thailand. It is a tourist destination, with multiple hotels and restaurants near the beach."
MICE in Thailand,"The meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE) industry in Thailand is one of the major branches of tourism in Thailand, contributing an estimated 0.58 percent to Thailand's GDP in 2012 (9.4% of all tourism earnings)."
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand),"The Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Abrv: MOTS; Thai: กระทรวงการท่องเที่ยวและกีฬา, RTGS: Krasuang Kan Thongthiao Lae Kila) is a cabinet ministry in the Government of Thailand. The ministry's primary areas of responsibility are tourism and sports. The ministry is in charge of managing the tourist industry and sports both in schools and other institutions. The ministry organizes and directs Thailand's important sporting events. Its FY2019 budget is 6,413.9 million baht.As of October 2019, the Minister of Tourism and Sports is Phiphat Ratchakitprakarn."
Prostitution in Thailand,"Prostitution in Thailand is officially illegal; however, due to police corruption and an economic reliance on prostitution dating back to the Vietnam War, it remains a significant presence in the country. It results from poverty, low levels of education and a lack of employment in rural areas. Prostitutes mostly come from the northeastern (Isan) region of Thailand, from ethnic minorities or from neighbouring countries, especially Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. UNAIDS in 2019 estimated the total population of sex workers in Thailand to be 43,000."
Responsible tourism in Thailand,"Responsible tourism is a relatively modern concept in the Kingdom of Thailand that took root in the late-1990s. It is underpinned by the belief that tourism should develop in a manner that minimizes negative impacts on local communities, and wherever possible ensure that a positive symbiosis exists between hosts and visitors. Responsible travel promotes a respect for indigenous culture, the minimization of the negative environmental impacts of tourism, active participation in volunteering to assist local communities, and the structuring of businesses to benefit the final service provider rather than an international agent."
Richelieu Rock,"Richelieu Rock (called Hin Plo Naam in Thai) is a dive site in Thailand in the Andaman Sea about 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the mainland. It is part of the Mu Ko Surin National Park although being about 18 km (11 mi) east of Ko Surin Tai. There are no islands in the immediate vicinity of the reef.
The limestone pinnacle rises from the sea floor of about 30 to 35 m (98 to 115 ft) above the surface at low tide. The horseshoe-shaped reef is known for its purple corals as well as diverse marine life ranging from small fish and harlequin shrimp to large pelagics like whale shark and manta ray."
Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau,"The Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau (TCEB) (Thai: สำนักงานส่งเสริมการจัดการประชุมและนิทรรศการ) is a public organization established by royal decree in 2002 to promote Thailand as a destination for meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE)."
Tourism Association of Koh Samui,"The Tourism Association of Koh Samui is a tourism organisation on Ko Samui, Thailand.  Founded in 1987, it is a non-profit organisation composed of over 50 members including travel professionals, restaurants, hotels and resorts, and retail businesses.  Its purpose is promoting Ko Samui as a travel destination and in advocacy on behalf of tourism interests in the region."
Tourism Authority of Thailand,"The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) (Thai: การท่องเที่ยวแห่งประเทศไทย) is an organization of Thailand under the Ministry of Tourism and Sports. Its mandate is to promote Thailand's tourism industry, and protect the environment."
Tourist Police (Thailand),"The Tourist Police Bureau (Thai: กองบัญชาการตำรวจท่องเที่ยว) of Thailand was formed on September 1, 2017. It was elevated from the Tourist Police Division, which was formed in 1992 and traces its origins to 1976. The Tourist Police is a department of the  Royal Thai Police, which is the main law enforcement agency in the country. The creation of the Tourist Police is due to the fact that the tourism and entertainment industry in Thailand is growing every year, and the number of people arriving in the country is constantly increasing. The priorities of the Tourist Police include cooperation with foreign nationals and the promotion of their security.On September 2021, General Prawit Wongsuwan who is the Deputy Prime Minister. appointed Lieutenant-General Sukhun Phrommai Commander of the Tourist Police."
Tourism in Trinidad and Tobago,
Discover Trinidad and Tobago,"Discover Trinidad and Tobago is an annual, free (advertising-supported) travel/visitor guide to Trinidad and Tobago. It has been published by Media and Editorial Projects Limited since 1991.
Discover Trinidad and Tobago was initially published twice per year, but switched to annual publication in the mid-1990s. Its 2009 edition was its 20th. Each edition begins distribution at the World Travel Market in London. The magazine began at 5""x7"", and re-sized to an A5 format with the 2007 edition. It ventured into web-offset printing with the 2009 edition, claiming to have decreased its paper usage by 1.1 million pages. The magazine usually publishes a Trinidad & Tobago guide as well as a separate Discover Tobago booklet (consisting of information reproduced from the Tobago section of the complete book). In 2010, only a twin-island edition was published. Its website was also re-launched in 2009, including articles from previous issues in addition to the current edition.
The magazine's founding editor was Jeremy Taylor, and it since has been edited by Georgia Popplewell, Skye Hernandez, Nicholas Laughlin, Caroline Taylor, Anu Lakhan and Nazma Muller. Contributors have included local and foreign Trinidad and Tobago writers, journalists and photographers. Its coverage typically includes short overviews of the islands' accommodation; business; arts and entertainment; food, dining and restaurants; natural history; touring and sightseeing; sports; shopping; history; vacation/holiday planning; and local transportation. Corresponding current events are posted on its blog."
Tourism in Tunisia,"Tourism in Tunisia is an industry that generates around 9.4 million arrivals per year in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 & 2020, which makes it one of the most visited countries in Africa. Tunisia has been an attractive destination for tourists since the beginning of the 1960s. 
Among Tunisia's tourist attractions are its cosmopolitan capital city of Tunis, the ancient ruins of Carthage, the Muslim and Jewish quarters of Djerba, and coastal resorts outside Monastir. According to The New York Times, Tunisia is known for its ""golden beaches, sunny weather and affordable luxuries."""
Tourism in Turkey,"Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean Sea coasts. Turkey has also become a popular destination for culture, spa, and health care.
Since 2021, Turkey is the fourth most visited country in the world.At its height in 2019, Turkey attracted around 51 million foreign tourists, The total number fluctuated between around 41 million in 2015, and around 30 million in 2016. However, recovery began in 2017, with the number of foreign visitors increasing to 37.9 million, and in 2018 to 46.1 million visitors"
2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning,"The 2011 Turkish Riviera mass alcohol poisoning was an event that occurred on May 26–27, 2011 during a party on a yacht voyage of mostly female Russian tourists on the way from Bodrum to Antalya, southwestern Turkey. It led to the deaths of five people, and the hospitalisation of twenty others, some in critical condition, after consuming alcoholic drinks mixed with methanol, served at the yacht's bar. A consignment of fake whisky had been supplied by a distributor with a fictitious address."
Australians in Turkey,"There are approximately 12,000 Australians in Turkey. Of these, the overwhelming majority are in the capital Ankara (roughly 10,000), and the remainder are mostly in Istanbul. Australian expatriates in Turkey form one of the largest overseas Australian groups in Europe and Asia. The vast majority of Australian nationals in Turkey are Turkish Australians.
A defining moment for Australians in Turkey was when the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) engaged in battle in the Gallipoli Peninsula, which later became known as Anzac Cove, on the 25th of April 1915 during World War 1. The day of remembrance that commemorates the efforts of the ANZACs falls on 25th April every year and is known as Anzac Day."
Blue Cruise,"A Blue Cruise, also known as a Blue Voyage (Turkish: Mavi Yolculuk) or Blue Tour (Turkish: Mavi Tur), is a term used for recreational voyages along the Turkish Riviera, on Turkey's southwestern coast along the Aegean and Mediterranean seas. The cruise is typically a week-long trip aboard the local gulet schooners, to ancient cities, harbors, tombs, and beaches in the numerous small coves along the country's Turquoise Coast.
Carian Cruise is a lesser-known synonym used by some sources internationally, in reference to the term Caria — the name this region of southwest Turkey was called in ancient times."
Carian Trail,"The Carian Trail (Turkish: Karia Yolu) is an 820 km long-distance footpath exploring the South Western corner of Turkey through the modern provinces of Muğla and Aydın.  The trail is officially opened in 2013 and winds through some of the lesser known regions of Turkey.
The trail is named after the Carian civilization, indigenous people of Asia Minor.  It passes through an area with many ancient ruins.  Stone paved caravan roads and mule paths connect villages from the coast to a mountainous hinterland. There are pine forest covered mountain slopes, olive terraces and almond groves which are an important part of the region's economy.
The trail is signed and waymarked with red and white stripes (Grande Randonnee convention) allowing both independent and group travelers from inside and outside of Turkey to hike and enjoy the scenic beauty and cultural treasures of Caria."
DÖSİMM,"DÖSİMM, an acronym for Döner Sermaye İşletmesi Merkez Müdürlüğü (""Revolving Funds Management Central Directory"") is a sub unit of Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey.
DÖSİMM has a market chain in Turkey which sell traditional crafts and books. It is also responsible in museum revenue and provides resources for protection, maintenance, and development of cultural heritage, and culture and tourism infrastructure investments.

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Kümbet Yaylası,"Kümbet (pronounced as ""khu-em-bet"") is a tourist attraction site in the Dereli district of Giresun Province, located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey."
Marinas in Turkey,"Marinas in Turkey, ports of call for international and local yachtsmen, are equipped with modern services routinely expected in recreational boating industry. They are found either in or near Istanbul or İzmir, the two largest port cities of the country whose economies are focused on tourism in the Aegean Sea or the Mediterranean Sea, with a particular concentration in southwest Anatolia.
The country's increasing popularity in nautical tourism is advantaged by its coastline and a past noted for the seafaring literature, some of whose references are part of everyday culture, as is the case for the Blue Cruise, and the search for the Golden Fleece. It is noteworthy to recall that, apart from the larger installations listed below, there are also numerous points of stop and supply which offer the advantages inherent to smaller enterprises, sometimes in a family environment, at the same time as putting the geography of the Turkish coasts to good use. 

Since recent years, these installations offer the modern infrastructure and facilities that are considered as requirements with increasing rapidity and sophistication, catering a whole range of services. Sizable investments by non-Turkish investors have been made in some of the marina installations below and prominent Turkish private sector groups view marinas as an attractive investment that also enhances their prestige, and thus have built or acquired one to include in their overall portfolio."
Saint Paul Trail,"The Saint Paul Trail is a long-distance footpath in Turkey, approximately 500 km long. The trail begins in Perge, about 10 km east of Antalya, and it ends in Yalvaç, Isparta, northeast of Lake Eğirdir. A second branch starts at the Oluk Köprüsü (Roman Bridge over the Köprülü River), 100 km north-east of Antalya, and joins the main route at the ancient Roman site of Adada.
The name of the trail is derived from the fact that a part of it follows the route Saint Paul the Apostle took on his first missionary journey to Anatolia. It starts at sea level and climbs to 2200 m in elevation. It is marked along the way with red and white stripes to Grande Randonnée standards.
The trail is one of a group of trails associated with the Culture Routes Society of Turkey. The organization publishes a guidebook for the Saint Paul Trail, and in September 2011 released a digital guidebook iPhone application that provides users with GPS navigation and localized information about trail attractions and amenities."
Space Camp Turkey,"Space Camp Turkey is located in the Aegean Free Zone, a high-tech industrial park in Gaziemir metropolitan district of Izmir, Turkey, operated by ESBAS the Aegean Free Zone Development and Operating Company. Izmir is a Mediterranean city on the western coast of Turkey with a population of over 4 million people. Space Camp Turkey is one of three space camps in the world, and one of two in Asia. It is affiliated with the United States Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
Kaya Tuncer, president of ESBAS, established a Space Camp in Turkey after visiting Huntsville with his Turkish friend Ismail Akbay, an Apollo Project Engineer who worked for Dr. Wernher von Braun. Space Camp Turkey opened on 12 June 2000. American astronaut Scott Carpenter and Ismail Akbay were honored guests at the ceremony.  
Space Camp Turkey has hosted over 160,000 children and adults from 50 countries and developed space science-related programs that consist of 2-Day Outer Space Adventure during the school year, 5-Day Space Camp and 5-Day Space Camp with Robotics during semester breaks, and 6-Day International Summer Camp with robotic class option."
Tales from the Expat Harem,"Tales from the Expat Harem: Foreign Women in Modern Turkey (Turkish: Türkçe Sevmek) is a nonfiction anthology by 32 expatriate women about their lives in modern Turkey, published by Seal Press in North America (2006, ISBN 1-58005-155-3) and Doğan Kitap in Turkey (2005, ISBN 975-293-381-5 Turkish edition, ISBN 975-293-372-6 English edition).
Edited by Anastasia M. Ashman and Jennifer Eaton Gökmen, two American writers based in Istanbul, it was an English language #1 national bestseller in Turkey in January 2006. Its Turkish edition, Türkçe Sevmek: Türkiye'de Yaşayan Yabancı Kadınların Gözüyle Türkler, contains a foreword written by the Turkish novelist Elif Shafak.
In May 2008, the book and its editors were featured on NBC's Today, on its occasional travel segment Where in the World is Matt Lauer?"
Tirhandil,"The Tirhandil is the oldest style of vessel on the Aegean Sea. Tirhandils are rarer these days due to their accommodation capacity. Double-ended traditional design allows for only a small number of cabins. Tirhandils sail well and are an attractive vessel with plenty of deck space.
Tirhandil carries the most traditional elements of Aegean sailing boats of the last two millenniums. It takes its origins from the Bodrum area, has one or two masts, a bowsprit and lateen sails. It is beak-nosed with a scoop stern and simple interior capacity.
Tirhandils have been the workhorses of the Mediterranean for the last two thousand years and is similar to its cousin, the caique, and the Greek transport vessel called perama. The Greek equivalent of tirhandil is trechenderi.

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Touring and Automobile Club of Turkey,"The Touring and Automobile Club of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu) (TTOK), also known as Turkish Automobile Association, is an amateur and international organization dedicated to tourism and the automobile sector. It was founded in 1923 at the behest of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk by a group of intellectuals led by Reşit Saffet Atabinen, a diplomat at the time and a historian. The club is a member of Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and Alliance Internationale de Tourisme (AIT)."
Touristic Eastern Express,"The Touristic Eastern Express (Turkish: Turistik Doğu Ekspresi) is a scenic passenger train operated by the Turkish State Railways (TCDD). The train runs eastward 1,365 km (848 mi) from Ankara Railway Station to Kars Railway Station. The train service debuted on 29 May 2019 with an official ceremony attended by government ministers. The service was established as an alternative to the regular Eastern Express, which runs the same line but was mostly sold-out weeks in advance in recent years for sightseeing purposes."
Turkey Home,"Turkey Home is a country branding project of Turkey by courtesy of Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Launched in April 2014, the brand aims to build a strong, sustainable, sincere, convincing and comprehensive, ways of communication with all travel audience from all over the world in order to create awareness of Turkey's cultural and historical heritage, natural beauties, arts and sciences, touristic sites, values, traditions, facilities, social and daily life, etc. By promoting country's all attractions and emphasizing its geographic and cultural diversity, the brand is designed to associate Turkey with the concept of ""HOME"" as it has welcomed, hosted and fostered a myriad of identities, cultures and civilizations throughout history."
Tourism in Turkmenistan,"Turkmenistan is a country with large potential for an expanded tourism industry. Many of its Central Asian cities were main points of trade on the Silk Road, linking Eastern and Western civilizations. Many neighboring countries (including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Iran) promote their countries based on their location along the Great Silk Road. Tourism has grown rapidly in recent years. Tourists from abroad are deterred by the restrictive visa policy regime with all countries of the world. Tourism is regulated by the Tourism Committee of Turkmenistan."
Tourism in Uganda,"Tourism in Uganda is focused on Uganda's landscape and wildlife. It is a major driver of employment, investment and foreign exchange, contributing USh 4.9 trillion (US$1.88 billion or €1.4 billion as of August 2013) to Uganda's GDP in the financial year 2012–2013.Tourism can be used to fight poverty in Uganda. There are the tourism companies which employ people directly as drivers, guides, secretaries, accountants etc. These companies sell products to tourists, for example art and crafts, traditional attire.
Tourism can also be operated online by the online based companies.  
Tourist attractions in Uganda include national game parks, game reserves, traditional sites, and natural tropical forests. Traditional occasions like Mbalu in eastern Uganda, boat riding, waterfalls etc."
Ajai Wildlife Reserve,The Ajai Wildlife Reserve is a small conservation protected area in northeastern Uganda dominated by a large island surrounded by seasonally flooded swamps and wooded savanna.
Bugungu Wildlife Reserve,"Bugungu Wildlife Reserve  is a protected area in both Buliisa District and Masindi districts in Western Uganda. It covers an area of 473.0 km2. It is managed by Uganda Wildlife Authority under the supervision of Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities. It was declared a Wildlife Reserve in 1968 but it was originally established as a Controlled Hunting Area in 1963. Its WDPA ID is 1438. It is IUCN Management Category III.

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Karuma Wildlife Reserve,"Karuma Wildlife Reserve is a protected area located in Kiryandongo District in Uganda. It covers an area of 675.0 km2 (82000 hectares). It is managed by Uganda Wildlife Authority under the supervision of Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities. Its World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) ID is 1439. It is on IUCN Management Category III. It was declared a Wildlife Reserve in 1964 but it was a controlled hunting area in 1962."
List of hotels in Uganda,This is a list of notable hotels in Uganda.
Lugbara music,"Lugbara music refers to music performed in Lugbara. It can be a folk song, musical proverb or modern pop music. The general term for music in Lugbara is ongo."
Milege Festival,"The Milege World Music Festival or just Milege Festival is an annual music festival, happening every November, organized by Milege Afrojazz Band. The festival is a celebration of world music, games, cultural dances, stories, poems, and so on. Art pieces from the Repainting Uganda project are also displayed and sold during the festival. The festival invites many different world music stars from across Africa and sometimes from Asia, Europe, and America. The Milege World Music Festival of 2014 saw Japanese world star and world's first female nyatiti player Anyango perform.Milege started the festival in 2010, moving across Uganda, but has since 2014 relocated it to the Botanical Gardens in Entebbe."
Uganda Hotel and Tourism Training Institute,"The Uganda Hotel and Tourism Training Institute is a parastatal company, wholly owned by the government of Uganda, whose primary objective is to train and educate personnel in the hospitality and tourism industry, to promote tourism and deliver professional, sustainable services to tourists and promote the profitability and sustainability of Uganda's national tourist resources."
Tourism in Ukraine,"Ukraine used to attract more than 20 million foreign citizens every year (23 million in 2012). But since 2014 this has lowered to about 10 million. Visitors primarily come from Eastern Europe, but also from Western Europe, as well as Turkey and Israel.
Before the Russo-Ukrainian War, Ukraine occupied 8th place in Europe by the number of tourists visiting, according to the World Tourism Organization rankings. Ukraine has numerous tourist attractions: mountain ranges suitable for skiing, hiking and fishing: the Black Sea coastline as a popular summer destination; nature reserves of different ecosystems; churches, castle ruins and other architectural and park landmarks; various outdoor activity points. Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa and Kamyanets-Podilskyi were Ukraine's principal tourist centres each offering many historical landmarks as well as formidable hospitality infrastructure. Tourism used to be the mainstay of Crimea's economy, but there was a major fall in visitor numbers following the Russian annexation in 2014.The Seven Wonders of Ukraine and Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine are the selection of the most important landmarks of Ukraine, chosen by the general public through an Internet-based vote.
Ukraine is a destination on the crossroads between central and eastern Europe, between north and south. It borders Russia and is not far from Turkey. It has mountain ranges – the Carpathian Mountains suitable for skiing, hiking, fishing and hunting. The coastline on the Black Sea is a popular summer destination for vacationers. Ukraine has vineyards where they produce native wines, ruins of ancient castles, historical parks, Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant churches as well as a few mosques and synagogues. Kyiv, the country's capital city has many unique structures such as Saint Sophia Cathedral and broad boulevards.  There are other cities well known to tourists, such as the harbour town Odesa and the old city of Lviv in the west. Most of Western Ukraine, which used to be within the borders of the Republic of Poland before World War II, is a popular destination for Poles. Crimea, a little ""continent"" of its own, had been a popular vacation destination for tourists for swimming or sun tanning on the Black Sea with its warm climate, rugged mountains, plateaus and ancient ruins, though the tourist trade has been severely affected by Russia's occupation and annexation of the territory in 2014. Cities there include: Sevastopol and Yalta – location of the peace conference at the end of World War II. Visitors can also take cruise tours by ship on the Dnieper River from Kyiv to the Black Sea coastline. Ukrainian cuisine has a long history and offers a wide variety of original dishes.
The country's tourism industry is generally considered to be underdeveloped, but it does provide crucial support for Ukraine's economy. Ukraine does have certain advantages, including much lower costs than other European destinations, as well as visa-free access for most people from Europe, the former Soviet Union, and North America. Since 2005 citizens of European Union and EFTA, United States, Canada, Japan and South Korea no longer require a visa to visit Ukraine for tourism purposes. Additionally, no visa is required from most countries of the former Soviet Union with the exceptions of Russia and Turkmenistan."
Ukrainian cuisine,"Ukrainian cuisine is the collection of the various cooking traditions of the people of Ukraine, one of the largest and most populous European countries. It is heavily influenced by the rich dark soil (chernozem) from which its ingredients come, and often involves many components. Traditional Ukrainian dishes often experience a complex heating process – ""at first they are fried or boiled, and then stewed or baked. This is the most distinctive feature of Ukrainian cuisine"".The national dish of Ukraine is borscht, the well-known beet soup, of which many varieties exist. However, varenyky (boiled dumplings similar to pierogi) and a type of cabbage roll known as holubtsi are also national favourites, and are a common meal in traditional Ukrainian restaurants. These dishes indicate the regional similarities within Eastern European cuisine.
The cuisine emphasizes the importance of wheat in particular, and grain in general, as the country is often referred to as the ""breadbasket of Europe"". The majority of Ukrainian dishes descend from ancient peasant dishes based on plentiful grain resources such as rye, as well as staple vegetables such as potato, cabbages, mushrooms and beetroots. Ukrainian dishes incorporate both traditional Slavic techniques as well as other European techniques, a byproduct of years of foreign jurisdiction and influence. As there has been a significant Ukrainian diaspora over several centuries (for example, over a million Canadians have Ukrainian heritage), the cuisine is represented in European countries and those further afield, particularly Argentina, Brazil, and the United States."
Anatoliy Kasyanenko,Anatoliy Kasyanenko was a Ukrainian politician and diplomat. From 1997 to 1998 he headed state agency that is in charge of tourism in Ukraine. He died in 2021.
The Petroleum Trail,The Petroleum Trail is an international tourist trail which runs from Poland to Ukraine  linking places associated with the petroleum industry of the 19th century.
Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine,
Seven Wonders of Ukraine,"The Seven Wonders of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Сім чудес України [ˈsʲim tʃʊˈdɛs ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) are the seven historical and cultural monuments of Ukraine, which were chosen in the Seven Wonders of Ukraine contest held in July, 2007. This was the first public contest of that kind which was followed by the Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine, the Seven Wonderful Routes of Ukraine, and the Seven Wonderful Castles of Ukraine. All nominated  sites are publicly owned protected areas of at least regional level, available for tourism.
The voting for all contests consisted of two parts: experts in Ukraine voted for their seven best sites, and internet users voted for their seven favorite sites on the official website."
Seven Wondrous Castles and Palaces of Ukraine,
State Agency of Ukraine in Tourism and Resorts,State Agency of Ukraine in Tourism and Resorts (Ukrainian: Державне агентство України з туризму та курортів) is a government agency under the Ministry of Infrastructure which secured the execution of state policy in the field of tourism and resorts until 2015.
Tourist Association of Ukraine,"The Tourist Association of Ukraine (TAU) —- is a Ukrainian public organization of tourism.The organization was established in April 1998 in Kyiv under the Laws of Ukraine «About Tourism» and «About public associations». The organization is a professional association of tourism enterprises of Ukraine.
TAU brings together leading representatives of tourist industry of Ukraine and actively developing domestic tourism market.
March 2, 2001 noting a significant contribution to the development of the association and for promoting the domestic tourism industry to encourage the development of tourism in Ukraine, support domestic business tourism, create modern tourism industry, and given the international practice involving civic organizations to participate in the development of the tourism industry, Activities Association approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine №127/2001."
Valeriy Tsybukh,"Valeriy Tsybukh (born March 9, 1951, Storozhynets, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine) is a Soviet and Ukrainian politician and diplomat. From 1998 to 2005 he headed state agency that is in charge of tourism in Ukraine."
Ukrainian wine,"The wine industry of Ukraine is well-established with long traditions. Several brands of wine from Ukraine are exported to bordering countries, the European Union, and North America.
The regions of wine industry in Ukraine corresponds to its viticulture regions situated predominantly in close vicinity to Black Sea coast in Southern Ukraine as well as around Tisza valley of Zakarpattia Oblast."
List of tourist attractions in the United Arab Emirates,"This is a list of the popular tourist attractions in the United Arab Emirates, by Emirate, except for shared attractions, such as mountains shared by different emirates"
Ras Al Khaimah Tourism Development Authority,"The Ras Al Khaimah Tourism Development Authority (RAKTDA) was established in May 2011 under the Government of Ras Al Khaimah. Its purpose is to develop and promote the emirate's tourism offering and infrastructure, both domestically and abroad.

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Tourism in Sharjah,"Sharjah is the third largest and third most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Along with Dubai it hosts numerous major tourist events and is home to significant and acknowledged museums on historical heritage, Islamic architecture. Apart from it Sharjah is known for traditional Arabian markets. The city is part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area and is located along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf."
Tourism in the United Arab Emirates,"Tourism in the United Arab Emirates is an important component of the Emirati economy, and consists of domestic and international components. In 2018, tourist industry composed over 164.7 billion dirham to country's GDP.The tourist industry of the United Arab Emirates is the most successful among the Gulf nations, and have long enjoyed status as the leading tourist nation of the GCC. The country is also the major tourist force in the Arab world. Tourism employed more than 604,300 people for the United Arab Emirates as for 2018. It is expected to continue expanding, with the revenue increased 12,4% of the country's GDP in 2027, and will employ more 410,000 people to the industry. Effort to Emiratize the industry has been ongoing, which is considered crucial for the development of the country's tourism.The country's major tourist attraction includes the famous Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the tallest tower in the world; The World archipelago and Palm Jumeirah also in Dubai; Sheikh Zayed Mosque and Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi; Al Hajar Mountains in Fujairah. The uniqueness of the country's natural desert life, especially with the Bedouins, also facilitates the country's tourist industry."
Tourism in the United Kingdom,"Tourism in the United Kingdom is a major industry and contributor to the U.K. economy, which is the world's 10th biggest tourist destination, with over 40.1 million visiting in 2019, contributing a total of £234 billion to the GDP.£23.1 billion was spent in the UK by foreign tourists in 2017. VisitBritain data shows that the USA remains the most valuable inbound market, with American visitors spending £2.1 billion in 2010. Nevertheless, the number of travellers originating from Europe is much larger than those travelling from North America: 21.5 million compared to 3.5 million American/Canadian visitors. After 9-year rise, as of 2019, United Kingdom attracting 40.86 million international tourists (Even before COVID-19 pandemic began (Between March 2020 and March 2022)), which was more than two times U.K.'s total population.The country's principal tourist destinations are London, Edinburgh, Oxford, Cambridge, York, and Canterbury. The United Kingdom hosts a total of 32 World Heritage sites, the 8th most in the world. The Lonely Planet travel guide voted England number 2, after Bhutan, as one of the best countries to visit in 2020. Some of the most popular cities include London, Edinburgh and Manchester and notable attractions include the Palace of Westminster, the London Eye and Edinburgh Castle."
Bicester Village,"Bicester Village is a designer outlet shopping centre on the outskirts of Bicester, a town in Oxfordshire, England. It is owned by Value Retail plc. The centre opened in 1995.
The centre is the second most visited location in the United Kingdom by Chinese tourists, after Buckingham Palace."
Blue Badge tourist guide,The Blue Badge tourist guide is a guide who has been certified as a qualified and accredited guide for tourists in the United Kingdom.
Bourne Leisure,Bourne Leisure Holdings Limited is a British private company which owns a number of subsidiary undertakings operating in the leisure and holiday sectors in the United Kingdom including Haven Holidays and Warner Leisure Hotels.
Bradshaw's Guide,"Bradshaw's was a series of railway timetables and travel guide books published by W.J. Adams and later Henry Blacklock, both of London. They are named after founder George Bradshaw, who produced his first timetable in October 1839. Although Bradshaw died in 1853, the range of titles bearing his name (and commonly referred to by that alone) continued to expand for the remainder of the 19th and early part of the 20th century, covering at various times Continental Europe, India, Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of the Middle-East. They survived until May 1961, when the final monthly edition of the British guide was produced. The British and Continental guides were referred to extensively by presenter Michael Portillo in his multiple television series."
"Bradwell, Norfolk","Bradwell is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is immediately to the west of, and largely indistinguishable from, the built-up urban area of the town of Great Yarmouth.[1]"
British Hospitality Association,"The British Hospitality Association (BHA), incorporating The Restaurant Association (RA), was a non-government representative body for hotels, clubs, restaurants, leisure outlets and other hospitality-related organisations nationwide headquartered in London, UK. In 2019 it merged with the Association of Licensed Multiple Retailers (ALMR) to form UKHospitality. The association promotes the interests of the hospitality industry to the Government Ministers, Members of Parliament (MPs), Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), Members of the Senedd (MSs), MEPs, the EU Commission, the City and the Media. The association operates by membership-based system."
Butlin's,"Butlin's is a chain of large seaside resorts in the United Kingdom. Butlin's was founded by Billy Butlin to provide affordable holidays for ordinary British families.
Between 1936 and 1966, ten camps were built, including one in Ireland and one in the Bahamas. In the 1970s and 1980s, Butlin's also operated numerous large hotels, including one in Spain, a number of smaller holiday parks in England and France, and a revolving restaurant in the Post Office Tower in London.Tough competition from overseas package holiday operators, rising operational costs, and rapidly changing demand, forced many of the Butlin's operations to close in the 1980s and 1990s. Three of the original camps remain open under the Butlins brand in Bognor Regis, Minehead, and Skegness. They are now owned and run by Butlins Skyline Ltd, which is now wholly owned by the Harris Family Trust."
Campervan hire agency,
Caravan and Motorhome Club,"The Caravan and Motorhome Club is an organisation representing caravan and motorhome users in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was founded in 1907 and now represents nearly one million members (caravanners, motorhomers and campervanners)."
Confederation of Tourism and Hospitality,"The Confederation of Tourism & Hospitality (CTH) is a specialist awarding organisation, offering vocational qualifications for the hospitality, culinary and tourism industries, worldwide. 
CTH is recognised and regulated by Ofqual, the regulator for qualifications, exams and tests in England."
Ffestiniog Travel,"Ffestiniog Travel was established in 1974. It is a sister company to the Ffestiniog Railway (FR), both organisations being owned by the Ffestiniog & Welsh Highland Railways Trust which is a registered charity.  Profits go to support the preservation of the FR and Welsh Highland Railway (WHR)."
Gorleston-on-Sea,"Gorleston-on-Sea (), known colloquially as Gorleston, is a town in the unparished area of Great Yarmouth, in the Great Yarmouth district, in the county of Norfolk, England. It is to the south of the town of Great Yarmouth, at the mouth of the River Yare, it was a port town at the time of the Domesday Book. The port then became a centre of fishing for herring along with salt pans used for the production of salt to preserve the fish. In Edwardian times the fishing industry rapidly declined and the town's role changed to that of a seaside resort."
Great Rail Journeys,"Great Rail Journeys, based in York, United Kingdom, is a tour operator that offers escorted worldwide rail tour holidays. The company is Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) and Air Travel Organisers' Licensing (ATOL)-bonded and is a member of the Association of Independent Tour Operators (AITO)."
Heywood Guides,"Heywood's Guide was a series of travel guide books to England, Scotland, and Wales, published in the 1860s-1910s by Abel Heywood of Manchester."
Lunn Poly,"Lunn Poly was, at one time, the largest chain of travel agents in the United Kingdom."
List of most visited museums in the United Kingdom,This article lists the most visited museums in the United Kingdom (including art galleries). The first twenty museums show the 2022 attendance numbers of the members of the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions unless otherwise noted.
National Trust,"The National Trust (Welsh: Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol, Irish: Iontaobhas Náisiúnta) is a charity and membership organisation for heritage conservation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In Scotland, there is the separate and independent National Trust for Scotland.
The Trust was founded in 1895 by Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Hardwicke Rawnsley to ""promote the permanent preservation for the benefit of the Nation of lands and tenements (including buildings) of beauty or historic interest"". It was given statutory powers, starting with the National Trust Act 1907. Historically, the Trust acquired land by gift and sometimes by public subscription and appeal, but after World War II the loss of country houses resulted in many such properties being acquired either by gift from the former owners or through the National Land Fund. Country houses and estates still make up a significant part of its holdings, but it is also known for its protection of wild landscapes such as in the Lake District and Peak District. 
In addition to the great estates of titled families, it has acquired smaller houses, including some whose significance is not architectural but through their association with famous people, for example, the childhood homes of singer/composers John Lennon and Paul McCartney of the Beatles.
One of the largest landowners in the United Kingdom, the Trust owns almost 250,000 hectares (620,000 acres; 2,500 km2; 970 sq mi) of land and 780 miles (1,260 km) of coast. Its properties include more than 500 historic houses, castles, archaeological and industrial monuments, gardens, parks, and nature reserves. Most properties are open to the public for a charge (members have free entry), while open spaces are free to all. The Trust has an annual income of over £680 million, largely from membership subscriptions, donations and legacies, direct property income, profits from its shops and restaurants, and investments. It also receives grants from a variety of organisations including other charities, government departments, local authorities, and the National Lottery Heritage Fund.

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Open top buses in the United Kingdom,Open top buses are used in the United Kingdom for sightseeing and seasonal summer services.
"Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism and Civil Society","The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism and Civil Society is a junior position in the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport in the British government. It is currently held by Stuart Andrew who took the office on 27 October 2022. The position was created by the Second May ministry after the 2017 general election. The role is a successor of the Minister for Tourism and Heritage which was abolished in 2012 after the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The position gained the portfolio of the former Minister for Sport and Civil Society in 2020."
Pontins,"Pontins is a British company operating holiday parks in the UK, founded in 1946 by Fred Pontin. Since 2011, it has been owned by Britannia Hotels.Pontins specialises in offering half-board and self-catering holidays featuring entertainment at resorts, or ""holiday parks"", as they have branded them. Accommodation is usually in the form of chalets (which Pontins calls ""apartments"")."
Stanford's Guides,Stanford's Guides (est. 1850s) were a series of travel guide books to England and elsewhere published by Edward Stanford of London.
Ward Lock travel guides,"Ward Lock travel guides or Red Guides (1870s–1970s) were tourist guide books to the British Isles and continental Europe published by Ward, Lock & Co. of London. The firm proclaimed them ""amusing and readable"" and the ""cheapest and most trustworthy guides."" To other readers the books were promotional and ""rarely critical."" Compared to similar late 19th century series such as Methuen & Co.'s Little Guides, the Ward Lock guides emphasized ""travel practicalities."""
World Travel and Tourism Council,The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) is a forum for the travel and tourism industry. It is made up of members from the global business community and works with governments to raise awareness about the travel and tourism industry. It is known for being the only forum to represent the private sector in all parts of the industry worldwide. Its activities include research on the economic and social impact of the industry and its organisation of global and regional summits focused on issues and developments relevant to the industry.
Tourism in the United States,"In the United States, tourism is a large industry that serves millions of international and domestic tourists yearly. Foreigners visit the U.S. to see natural wonders, cities, historic landmarks, and entertainment venues. Americans seek similar attractions, as well as recreation and vacation areas.
Tourism in the United States grew rapidly in the form of urban tourism during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By the 1850s, tourism in the United States was well established both as a cultural activity and as an industry. New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, all major U.S. cities, attracted numerous tourists since the 1890s. By 1915, city touring had marked significant shifts in the way Americans perceived, organized, and moved.
Democratization of travel occurred during the early twentieth century when the automobile revolutionized travel. Similarly air travel revolutionized travel during 1945–1969, contributing greatly to tourism in the United States. Purchases of travel and tourism-related goods and services by international visitors traveling in the United States totaled $10.9 billion during February 2013.The travel and tourism industries in the United States were among the first economic sectors negatively affected by the September 11, 2001 attacks.
In the U.S., tourism is among the three largest employers in 29 states, employing 7.3 million in 2004, to take care of 1.19 billion trips tourists took in the U.S. in 2005. As of 2007, there are 2,462 registered National Historic Landmarks (NHL) recognized by the United States government. As of 2018, New York City is the most visited destination in the United States, followed by Los Angeles, Orlando, Las Vegas, and Chicago.Tourists spend more money in the United States than any other country, while attracting the third-highest number of tourists after France and Spain. The discrepancy may be explained by longer stays in the US."
Beach TV Properties,"Beach TV Properties, Inc., is an American television broadcasting company based in Panama City, Florida. Also known as the Destination Network, the company specializes in television stations that broadcast tourist information to visitors in the cities that Beach TV has a presence in."
Cannabis tourism in the United States,"Cannabis tourism in the United States is a form of drug tourism that exists in recreationally legal cannabis states.  As of may 2023 there are 23 states, Washington, D.C., and Guam that have legalized recreational cannabis.In 2014, the travel guide Fodors published a ""how to"" for cannabis tourists in Washington state. The official Washington tourism website has a FAQ section for cannabis tourism.In 2013, prior to legalization, the Washington State Liquor Control Board (now the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board) commissioned a study of cannabis legalization on the state, including the impact of tourism. The study, written by Carnegie Mellon University researchers, estimated over 400,000 new visits a year to the state. The Washington State legislature specifically considered tourism in its 2015 I-502 reform. One legal expert stated ""Washington’s cannabis tourism industry is in jeopardy"" as a result.Because consumption in public is illegal, rentals like (Bud and Breakfast) and Airbnb include ""420 friendly"" in descriptions for cannabis tourists, and cannabis tourism rental specialists have sprung up to meet demand. Some states like Illinois have provided an “on-premise” consumption license for dispensaries and any businesses that sell some form of cannabis, whether it be a dispensary, cannabis-infused restaurant or coffee shop like those commonly found in Amsterdam.The actual impact of cannabis tourism is debated. Industry groups say it is significant, but state tourism officials in Washington said there is ""fairly low amounts of consumer interest through our visitor information"", and in Colorado ""We still don't have any numbers that support that marijuana tourism exists"". An NBC News report stated that Hotels.com bookings were up slightly after legalization in both states.Manitou Springs is a small town in El Paso County, Colorado.  It is home to two recreational cannabis dispensaries, the only two in the second most populous county in the state.  As a direct result of recreational cannabis sales the city's tax base increased. Manitou sales tax collections set a record in July 2014, which included only a few hours of recreational cannabis sales for the month.  One operator's Manitou Springs location is their most popular, due to its location at the foot of Pike’s Peak."
Ecotourism in the United States,"Ecotourism in the United States is commonly practiced in protected areas such as national parks and nature reserves. The principles and behaviors of ecotourism are slowly becoming more widespread in the United States; for example, hotels in some regions strive to be more sustainable."
High Trips,"The High Trips were large annual wilderness excursions organized and led by the Sierra Club, beginning in 1901. The High Trips lasted until the early 1970s, and were replaced by a larger number of smaller trips to wilderness areas worldwide."
Hotel tax,"A hotel tax or lodging tax is charged in most of the United States, to travelers when they rent accommodations (a room, rooms, entire home, or other living space) in a hotel, inn, tourist home or house, motel, or other lodging, generally unless the stay is for a period of 30 days or more.  In addition to sales tax, it is collected when payment is made for the accommodation, and it is then remitted by the lodging operator to the city or county. It can also be called hotel occupancy tax in places like New York City and Texas. Despite its name, it generally applies to the same range of accommodations.
Other examples of lodging follow:

Camping sites
Space at a campground or recreational vehicle parkStates not listed below do not charge additional taxes on lodgings."
Leaf peeping,"Leaf peeping is an informal term in the United States and Canada for the activity in which people travel to view and photograph the fall foliage in areas where leaves change colors in autumn,
particularly in northern New England, Appalachia, the Pacific Northwest, and the upper Midwest, as well as the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
An organized excursion for leaf peeping is known as a foliage tour or color tour.
A similar custom in Japan is called momijigari (紅葉狩). In Finland, the season is ruska and a trek is called ruskaretki."
Southeast Tourism Society,"""The Southeast Tourism Society"" (STS), is a non-profit membership organization promoting tourism within the 13 Southeastern member states and the District of Columbia by sharing resources, fostering cooperation, networking, providing continuing education, cooperative marketing, consumer outreach, advice & consultation, governmental affairs and other programs. Southeast Tourism Society works with and for business-to-business and business-to-consumer companies with an interest in travel & tourism as a business. Membership is open to any organization within the travel & tourism industry – attractions, destinations, associations, lodging and a wide range of service providers from printing to marketing, public relations to travel writers. Membership is focused on networking, the opportunity for education, advocacy and more. STS was established in September 1983, and the 12 member states include Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia."
Tourist attractions in the United States,"This is a list of the most popular individual tourist attractions in the United States, lists of tourist attractions organized by subject region, and a selection of other notable tourist attractions and destinations.
Times Square is the most visited public (not privately owned) tourist site in the United States, with about 50 million visitors annually."
Transportainment,"Transportainment (R) (sometimes misspelled transpotainment) is a tregistered trademark of Historic Tours of America, Inc.  The term is a hybrid mixing of the words 'transportation' and 'entertainment'.  Transportainment (R) is refers to historic sightseeing tours offered by the company through its subsidiaries, including Old Town Trolley Tours (R).  It was misappropriated to describe a type of tourist entertainment in which parties ride in large open-air party buses, moving at slow speeds through the main street of a town, with music and drinking amidst a general revelry.From 2017 to the present, it has been prevalent on weekend nights in the American city of Nashville, Tennessee, usually lasting into the late hours, on the street called Lower Broadway. Vehicles used to ferry partygoers include decommissioned troop transport trucks, buses, tractor-trailers, stretch limousines, and pickup trucks. One estimate from Nashville authorities was that there were forty private companies offering such services to tourists. Vehicles can hold from 10 to 25 persons. One service termed Hell on Wheels allows partygoers to ride through Nashville while some of the proceeds go to Homes for Troops Charity which builds residences for severely wounded veterans.The growing practice has been criticized for causing traffic congestion and slowdowns, loud noise, and accidents. According to one account, a person fell off of a moving vehicle which subsequently ran over his legs. The industry was largely unregulated, although in fall of 2021 there were proposals to regulate the practice. Nashville in December 2021 banned open containers of alcohol on open-air party buses, forcing operators to enclose them to serve alcohol. In June 2022 the city restricted their hours of operation, issued permits for dozens of vehicles, and rejected applications for dozens more. Pedal taverns are regulated separately."
United States Tour Operators Association,"United States Tour Operators Association (USTOA) is a 501(c) registered nonprofit professional association representing the tour operator industry. Its members are made up of companies who provide services worldwide but who conduct business in the U.S. As a voice for the tour operator industry, USTOA represents this sector in matters pertaining to the travel industry as a whole, both in the U.S. and abroad. Among USTOA's goals are consumer protection and education, and its standards and work in this area have earned USTOA the endorsement of the United States Government's Consumer Action Handbook.USTOA member companies must meet a number of ethical and financial criteria, including participation in the USTOA $1 Million Travelers Assistance Program, which among other things protects consumer payments up to $1 million in case the company files for bankruptcy, insolvency or cessation of business.USTOA was one of many travel industry nonprofit associations, along with ASTA, U.S. Travel, and more, to advocate for the end of the U.S.'s inbound pre-travel testing requirement in 2022."
United States Travel and Tourism Administration,"The United States Travel and Tourism Administration (USTTA) operated the country's official travel and tourism offices worldwide. It was established in 1981 by the National Tourism Policy Act, succeeding the United States Travel Service in its role of promoting travel to the United States. The U.S. Travel Service was created by the United States Secretary of Commerce on July 1, 1961, pursuant to the International Travel Act of 1961 (75 Stat. 129; 22 U.S.C. 2121 note) after President John F. Kennedy signed Senate Bill 610 on June 29, 1961.  It was created to address a deficit in tourism in the United States.In 1996, the U.S. government decided that it would no longer need such and closed all offices. Since, there are some Visit USA Committees in countries where many U.S. tourism companies have offices."
Visa policy of the United States,"Visitors to the United States must obtain a visa from one of the U.S. diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa-exempt or Visa Waiver Program countries. The same rules apply for travel to all U.S. states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as to Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands with additional waivers, while similar but separate rules apply to American Samoa."
Welcome centers in the United States,"Welcome centers, also commonly known as visitors' centers, visitor information centers, or tourist information centers, are buildings located at either entrances to states on major ports of entry, such as interstates or major highways, e.g. U.S. Routes or state highways, or in strategic cities within regions of a state, e.g. Southern California, Southwest Colorado, East Tennessee, or the South County region of Rhode Island. These welcome centers, which first opened on May 4, 1935 next to U.S. Route 12 in New Buffalo, Michigan, are locations that serve as a rest area for motorists, a source of information for tourists or new residents that enter a state or a region of a state, and a showcase for the state. These features make welcome centers, visitors centers, and service plazas, which are similar to welcome centers, distinct from rest areas. In Alaska and Hawaii, their unique geographical locations preclude them from having welcome centers as known in the rest of the U.S."
Where (magazine),"Where is a series of magazines for tourists, distributed at hotels, convention centres, regional malls and other tourist areas."
Tourism in Uruguay,"Tourism in Uruguay is an important part of the nation's  economy.
Uruguay's tourist destinations include: Punta del Este, Piriápolis, Montevideo, Colonia del Sacramento, Salto, Lavalleja, Rocha, Artigas, Rivera, and others.
In 2007, 1.8 million tourists visited and spent around US$800 million. Domestic tourist expenditures account for around 60% of the nation's tourist activity.
Uruguay is the Latin American country that receives the most tourists in relation to its population. For Uruguay, Argentine tourism  represents 56% of international inbound tourism, and 70% during the summer months. Although Argentine holidaymakers are an important target market for tourism in Uruguay, in recent years the country has managed to position itself as an important tourist destination to other markets, receiving a high flow of visitors from countries such as Brazil, Paraguay and the United States, among others."
Colonia del Sacramento,"Colonia del Sacramento (Spanish: [koˈlonja ðel sakɾaˈmento] (listen); Portuguese: Colônia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and the capital of the Colonia Department. It has a population of around 27,000.
Its historic quarter is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings."
Feria de Tristán Narvaja,"Tristán Narvaja street market (in Spanish, Feria de Tristán Narvaja) is a traditional street market that takes place every Sunday in Montevideo.
In the middle of Cordón neighbourhood, Tristán Narvaja street (which honors the 19th century lawmaker) stretches from 18 de Julio Avenue through La Paz street. It lodges several bookstores and antique shops; and every Sunday, from very early in the morning till mid-afternoon, it fills with salespeople and public.It is the Montevidean equivalent of a flea market. Furniture, antique items, pets, books, as well as food, fruit and vegetables, are to be found there. Many foreigners come here in search for rare objects."
Isla de Lobos,The Isla de Lobos is a small island located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Punta del Este (Uruguay). An islet lies east of the island.
Ministry of Tourism (Uruguay),"The Ministry of Tourism of Uruguay (MINTUR) is a ministry of the Government of Uruguay that is responsible for guiding, stimulating, promoting, regulating, researching and controlling tourism and activities and services directly related to it. It is also responsible for generating the conditions for Tourism to be accessible, planning the development of training and training in this economic activity, and promoting the development of infrastructure and accessibility conditions. This department of government promotes in the tourist activity the approaches of gender, ethnic-racial, sexual diversity, disability.The Ministry is headquartered in the Rambla 25 De Agosto in Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo. The current Minister of Tourism is Tabaré Viera, who has held the position since August 23, 2021. Tourism is the second most important economic activity in the country, after livestock. The Ministry acts under the motto ""Uruguay Natural""."
Peatonal Sarandí,"Peatonal Sarandí is an 0.5 miles (850 m) pedestrian street in Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo, Uruguay. It is the main lane of the historic center, and one of the most touristic sites in the city, due to the fact that it is flanked by different architecturally notable buildings. The pedestrian street starts at the Gateway of the Citadel and ends at its intersection with Peatonal Pérez Castellano, while the remaining four blocks, up to the Rambla, are allowed for vehicles. As an extension of this street is the long southern breakwater of the Port of Montevideo, which has taken on the name ""Escollera Sarandí"".Named after the Battle of Sarandí of 1825, it was pedestrianized in 1992, and reformed in 2005. Trams operated on the road until the mid-20th century."
Tourism in Uzbekistan,"Today, the museums of Uzbekistan store over two million artifacts, evidence of the unique historical, cultural, and spiritual life of the Central Asian peoples that have lived in the region.
The Statistical Internet Survey conducted between May 7 and August 27, 2008, found that the majority of those surveyed (39%) visit Uzbekistan due to their fascination with its architectural and historical sites. The next-largest group (24%) visited Uzbekistan to observe its culture, way of life, and customs. Tourist activities in Uzbekistan range from outdoor activities, such as rock-climbing, to exploration of its rich archeological and religious history.

In 2019, 6.75 million tourists visited Uzbekistan. The industry earned a total of $1.68 billion. The tourism industry has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with both tourist numbers and revenue dropping heavily. Each autumn, the Uzbek travel industry holds an International Tourism Fair.Uzbekistan is located on the Great Silk Road and many neighboring countries (including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan) promote their countries based on their location along the Great Silk Road.
The World Tourism Organization's Silk Road Office was opened in 2004 in Samarkand. This office was commissioned to coordinate the efforts of international organisations and national tourism offices of countries located on the Silk Road. Uzbekistan is a member of The Region Initiative (TRI), which is an umbrella organization for tourism-related entities across three regions. TRI functions as a link between three regions----South Asia, Central Asia, Caucasus and Eastern Europe which is also by Armenia, Bangladesh, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Tajikistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Turkey and Ukraine."
Tourism in Vatican City,"The main Tourism in Vatican City are focused in religious tourism and city tourism, including the visit to the Basilica of St. Peter, Saint Peter's Square, the Vatican Museums, the Sistine Chapel, and the Raphael Rooms.Vatican City is quarter of a square mile (0.44 km2) in area, is a popular destination for tourists, especially Catholics wishing to see the Pope or to celebrate their faith. 
The largest numbers of pilgrims visit Vatican City at special moments in the liturgical year, such as Christmas or Easter, or during important periods such as the proclamation of a holy year or the funeral and election of a pope.
Tourism is one of the principal sources of revenue in the economy of Vatican City. In 2007 about 4.3 million tourists visited the Vatican Museums alone. Tourism is the main cause of the Vatican's unusually high crime rate: tourists are blamed for various minor thefts and incidents."
Tourism in Venezuela,"Tourism in Venezuela has been developed considerably for decades, particularly because of its geographical position, the variety of landscapes, the richness of plants and wildlife, the artistic expressions and the privileged tropical climate of the country, which affords each region (especially the beaches) throughout the year. Since 2013 the country is having a very severe economic and political crisis affecting tourism all over the country."
Tourism in Vietnam,"Tourism in Vietnam is a component of the modern Vietnamese economy. In 2019, Vietnam received 18 million international arrivals, up from 2.1 million in the year 2000. The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is following a long-term plan to diversify the tourism industry, which brings foreign exchange into the country.Tourist arrivals in Vietnam have continued to rise in recent years. In 2008, Vietnam received 4.218 million international tourists, in 2009 the number was 3.8 million, down 11%. In 2012, Vietnam received 6.84 million tourists. This was a 13% increase from 2011 figure of 6 million international visitors, which was itself a rise of 2 million visitors relative to 2010 arrivals. In 2016, Vietnam welcomed 10 million international visitors which represented a 26% increase from the previous year. In 2019, Vietnam with 18 million international visitors was fifth most visited country in the Asia-Pacific region as per World Tourism rankings released by the United Nations World Tourism Organization."
22 Gia Long Street,"22 Gia Long Street (Vietnamese: số 22 đường Gia Long, [jaː lawŋ] yah-lom), now 22 Lý Tự Trọng Street (số 22 đường Lý Tự Trọng), is an apartment building in Ho Chi Minh City (also known as Saigon), the largest city in Vietnam. In 1975, photojournalist Hubert van Es, working for UPI, captured an iconic photo of U.S government employees evacuating the city by helicopter during the Fall of Saigon, the last major battle of the Vietnam War. The evacuation was code named Operation Frequent Wind. 
The image was widely misreported as showing Americans crowding on to the roof of the United States Embassy to board a helicopter. In reality, the apartment complex, called the Pittman Apartments, housed employees of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), with its top floor reserved for the Central Intelligence Agency's deputy chief of station; the embassy was located at 4 Thống Nhứt Boulevard (now Lê Duẩn Boulevard), about 950 metres (0.59 mi) to the north-northeast. The photo depicts an Air America Huey helicopter landing on the roof of the elevator shaft to evacuate employees of the U.S. government as North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam troops entered Saigon.The frequent misunderstanding of what the photograph shows stems from a change made to the photograph's caption at the Tokyo office of United Press International (UPI). Although the photographer van Es submitted the photo to UPI with an accurate caption, UPI's Tokyo office changed the caption so it falsely read: ""A U.S. helicopter evacuating employees of the U.S. embassy."" Although van Es repeatedly attempted to correct the error, his efforts were ""futile"" and he eventually ""gave up."" Thus, as van Es has explained, ""[O]ne of the best known images of the Vietnam War shows something other than what almost everyone thinks it does.""At the end of the war, Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City, and Gia Long Street (named for the emperor Gia Long, reigned 1802–1820) was renamed Lý Tự Trọng Street, in honor of a 17-year-old communist executed by the French. Visitors are allowed access to the roof by taking the elevator to the 9th floor.
As the 2021 Taliban offensive led to the Fall of Kabul, reporters drew comparisons between the evacuation at 22 Gia Long Street to images of helicopter evacuations from the U.S. embassy in Kabul. The BBC continued to misreport the photo as showing the US Embassy, later changed to the non-existent ""CIA station""."
"Embassy of the United States, Saigon","The United States Embassy in Saigon was first established in June 1952, and moved into a new building in 1967 and eventually closed in 1975. The embassy was the scene of a number of significant events of the Vietnam War, most notably the Viet Cong attack during the Tet Offensive which helped turn American public opinion against the war, and the helicopter evacuation during the Fall of Saigon after which the embassy closed permanently.
In 1995, the U.S. and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam formally established relations and the embassy grounds and building were handed back to the United States. The former embassy was subsequently demolished in 1998 and is currently a park inside of the U.S. Consulate General's compound in what is now called Ho Chi Minh City."
Heritage hotels in Vietnam,"The first hotels in Vietnam catered to the French colonial society, not so much to tourists but to administrators and families. The Continental opened in Saigon in the 1880s and long reigned as the city's prime hotel. In Hanoi, the Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi opened in 1901 as le Metropole and endures today as the country's foremost address in hospitality.During the era of the steamship, tourism was restricted to the upper classes and to travelers. To Americans like Harry Franck, who visited Vietnam in the 1920s and wrote about the country in EAST OF SIAM. And to Brits like Norman Lewis, one of the 20th Century's greatest travel writers, who wrote A Dragon Apparent after a trip to Vietnam in 1950. One could hardly call Franck and Lewis tourists; they were travelers with a literary purpose.
The colonial French were the first to exploit Vietnam's natural wonders for tourists. In the grottoes of world-renowned Halong Bay, passengers on the bay's excursion boats carved their names in limestone 100 years ago. Between 1906 and 1937, a service boat called the Emeraude plied the waters of Halong Bay, catering to well-heeled colons. Nearly, 100 years later, a French entrepreneur built a near-replica of this old steamer, running modern travelers past the same karst formations.
By the time the French finally gave up on Vietnam in the mid-1950s, jet travel was opening up Asia to tourists like never before. Indeed, when the Caravelle Hotel opened in 1959, it did so with a name that paid tribute to one of the sleek Air France jetliners of the day.

The war was a hindrance to travel, but it was happening nevertheless.  
The modern era of tourism in Vietnam really begins with the emergence of doi moi (economic renovation) in 1986. By 1990, travelers were coming into Vietnam on careful orchestrated 'shopping tours.' None of the hotel stock ranked above two-star caliber then. Independent travel was limited. Travel between provinces required special permits by provincial administrators until 1993."
List of war museums and monuments in Vietnam,"There are numerous war museums, memorials and monuments in Vietnam, this page presents a partial list of museums and monuments located in Vietnam relating to the First Indochina War and the Second Indochina War. This list is organized by location."
Vietnam National Administration of Tourism,"The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is the government agency of Vietnam which manages tourist operations and activities throughout the country. It has full control in terms of business development, planning, public relations, personnel training, conducting research, and instructing and inspecting the implementation of policies and other regulations in the tourism sector."
The Road of Heritage Sites in Central Vietnam,"The Road of Heritage Sites in Central Vietnam is a tourism program initiated by the Administration of Tourism of Vietnam. This road will link World Heritage Sites in the Middle of Vietnam, namely: Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (Quang Binh province), ancient capital of Huế, ancient trade port city of Hoi An (Quang Nam province) and My Son Champa ancient capital. This road will also link other World Heritage points of Angkor Wat (Cambodia) and  Luang Prabang (Laos) in another tourism program called ""Vietnam - Laos - Cambodia, 3 countries, one destination""."
Tourism in Yemen,"Traditionally, Yemen has been a tourism centre for centuries as it is in the middle of the trade routes of the Middle East and the Horn of Africa. Tourism played a fundamental role in the region in global trade and has remained so until the 20th century. Afterwards, there has been a sharp decline in tourism since the 2011 Yemen Crisis. The rise of extremism caused fear in prospective foreign tourists to Yemen. Yemen has four World Heritage Sites, some of the sites have been attacked including historic old city of Sana'a. In 2015 UNESCO declared its plan to protect the world heritage sites of Yemen."
Tourism in Zambia,"Tourism in Zambia relates to tourism in the African nation Zambia. The tourism industry is a major and growing industry in Zambia. Zambia has more than 2500 lions along with several National parks, waterfalls, lakes, rivers, and historic monuments. Zambia has been involved in several agreements on tourism with nations like Uganda and Kenya. Uganda Ministry of Tourism and Arts said Zambia is a model in tourism in Africa. Zambia Tourism Agency (ZTA) has partnered with the Government through the Ministry of Tourism and private sector to enhance the marketing aspect in the tourism industry."
Ministry of Tourism (Zambia),"The Ministry of Tourism is a ministry in Zambia. It is headed by the Minister of Tourism.
In 2002 the Ministry of Tourism was merged with the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources to form the Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources. However, Tourism was later merged into the Foreign Affairs ministry. In 2011 Tourism was split out from the Foreign ministry and merged with the Art portfolio to form the Ministry of Tourism and Arts. Arts was removed in 2021 and moved to the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Arts.
The ministry oversees several statutory bodies, including the Hotels Board of Management, the Hotels Managers Registration Council, the National Heritage Conservation Commission, the National Museum Board, the Zambia Institute for Tourism and Hospitality Studies and the Zambia Tourism Agency."
Monuments and Historic Sites of Zambia,"This article gives lists of the National Monuments and other historic sites of Zambia, with a one- or two-line description providing links to details given on other pages."
"Ngoma, Zambia","Ngoma, Zambia is the only settlement in the south of Kafue National Park.  It is a short way south of Itezhi-Tezhi Dam.  Ngoma is the home of the head warden for the south half of the park, and for around 200 game wardens and their families employed by ZAWA (Zambian Wildlife Authority).  There is a small information centre about the local wildlife, and in the village is Ngoma Basic School.
Ngoma lodge shut down many years ago, when poaching killed most of the animals in the area.  The numbers of animals are now at least stable, if not increasing, thanks to the efforts of the underpaid game wardens, and the lodge may one day re-open.
Ngoma has a limited electricity supply.  This electricity is hooked up to some homes, but the main use is to power the water pump.  Ngoma has a borehole so the water does not need boiling or purifying.  It can be obtained by a manual pump at any time or by taps spaced around the village when the electricity is working.
The roads to Ngoma and Itezhi-Tezhi are  well graded in gravel .  To add to the inevitable bumpiness there are  swarms of tsetse flies that have very painful bites , and will attack at any opportunity.  There is an airstrip just south of Ngoma to save this  journey.
Ngoma is frequented by a large herd of impala, as well as many bushbuck and frequently elephants.  There are groups of vervet monkeys living in the trees above the village and leopards sometimes walk through the village at night.
Close by, there are many other species of animal, including puku, reedbuck, waterbuck, sable and roan antelope, eland, hartebeest, wildebeest, kudu, zebra, warthog, lion, serval, wild cat, hyena, jackal and, at night, springhare and porcupine.  Birdlife in the village is impressive, with African fish eagles and bateleurs flying over frequently, and many species of kingfisher and hornbill living around the local river.
The river that flows past Ngoma is the Nkala.  In the dry season it has a well defined course and can dry up completely, but in the wet season it spreads out over the surrounding plains.  Crocodiles live in the river, although it is too shallow for hippos.  Hippos can be found in Lake Itezhi-Tezhi though.
In the local area there are three hills.  They are over 1100m above sea level and the plains around Ngoma are at around 1000m.  From Ngoma it is possible to see and walk to Nakalombwe Hill, and behind Ngoma across the river is Nkala Hill.  A little way off there is a hill known as the Screaming Chicken Hill.  It is possible that this name comes from a tribal ritual."
Visa policy of Zambia,"Visitors to Zambia must obtain a visa from one of the Zambian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries whose citizens are eligible for visa on arrival. Visitors may alternatively obtain an electronic visa. All visitors must hold a passport valid for at least 6 months. As of November 2014, Zambia and Zimbabwe also offer a universal visa."
Tourism in Zimbabwe,"Zimbabwe boasts several tourist attractions, located in almost every region of the country. Before the economic changes, much of the tourism for these locations came to the Zimbabwean side but now Zambia benefits from the tourism. The Victoria Falls National Park is also a tourist attraction and is one of the eight main National Parks in Zimbabwe, largest of which is Hwange National Park. Zimbabwe is home to one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, the Victoria Falls.
The Eastern Highlands are a series of mountainous areas near the border with Mozambique. These highlands stretch from Nyanga in the north with the highest peak in Zimbabwe, Mount Nyangani at 2593 metres is located here as well with the Bvumba Mountains 
further south and the magnificent quartzite Chimanimani range are the southernmost slopes. Mt. Binga is the highest of the Chimanimani peaks. It straddles both Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The endemic species of this transfrontier park attract scientists and hikers from all over the world. Views from all of the Nyanga mountains are famed that places as far away as 60–70 km are visible and, on clear days, the town of Rusape can be seen.
Zimbabwe is distinctive in Africa for its large number of medieval era city ruins built in a unique dry stone style. Possibly the most famous of these are the Great Zimbabwe ruins in Masvingo which survive from the Kingdom of Zimbabwe era. Other ruins include Khami Ruins, Zimbabwe, Dhlo-Dhlo and Naletale.
The Matobo Hills are an area of granite kopjes and wooded valleys commencing some 35 kilometres south of Bulawayo, southern Zimbabwe.  The Hills were formed over 2000 million years ago with granite being forced to the surface, this has eroded to produce smooth ""whaleback dwalas"" and broken kopjes, strewn with boulders and interspersed with thickets of vegetation. Mzilikazi, founder of the Ndebele nation, gave the area its name, meaning 'Bald Heads'. They are linked to historical figures such as Cecil John Rhodes, whose vision led to foundation of Rhodesia, and other early white pioneers like Leander Starr Jameson, Major Allan Wilson; most of the members of the Shangani Patrol are buried in these hills at another site named World's View.Hwange National Park and Mana Pools, a UNESCO World Heritage site, are some of the best National Parks and safari destinations in the region. The tourism sector in Zimbabwe has been on the rise for past 2 years.
The deployment of widespread police roadblocks issuing fines for minor or non-existent infringements has had a negative impact on tourism to the country."
Ministry of Tourism (Zimbabwe),"The Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality Industry was a former government ministry, responsible for tourism in Zimbabwe, from 2017 to 2019."
Zimbabwe Tourism Authority,"The Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, is Zimbabwe's tourism's governing body formed as an act of parliament and operates under the mandate of the Tourism Act of Zimbabwe (Chapter 14:20) of 1996. It has its headquarters in the main business district of the capital city of Zimbabwe, Harare. The Zimbabwe Tourism Authority is mandated to market Zimbabwe and falls under the Ministry Of Tourism.The Authority is headed by its Chief Executive Winnetka Muchanyuka."
Tourism in the Arab world,"Tourism in the Arab World encompasses a wide array of activities and tourist attractions in an area spanning more than 13 million square kilometers. The Arab World mainly consists of the Arabic-speaking countries and populations in North Africa and Western Asia. The standard definition of the Arab world comprises the 22 countries and territories of the Arab League: 10 countries in Africa, and 12 countries in Asia. Geographically, it stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast. It has a combined population of around 422 million people.
The Arab World is divided into five main geographic regions: the Maghreb in Northwest Africa, the Nile Valley and the Horn of Africa in Northeast Africa, the Levant in the eastern Mediterranean, and the Arabian Peninsula in southwestern Asia. Egypt is the only transcontinental country by virtue of the Sinai Peninsula, which lies in Asia.
The vast area covered by the Arab World encompasses wide and diverse geographical features ranging from deserts and shrublands to Mediterranean forests and snow-capped mountain ranges. Deserts reign in most of northern Africa where the Sahara exists, the world's hottest desert where some of the sand dunes can reach 180 metres (590 ft) in height. The Arabian Peninsula is mainly covered by a range of deserts: the Nefud in the north, which is a stony desert; the Rub' Al-Khali or ""Great Arabian Desert"" in the south, and between them, the Dahna desert. In contrast, the Arab World boasts some of the highest mountain ranges in both Africa and Asia. The Atlas Mountains rise from the northern Sahara to peak of 4,167 m before cascading east towards the Mediterranean and west towards the Atlantic Ocean. The Hijaz mountains rise parallel to the Red Sea on the western edge of the Arabian Peninsula, separating the coastline from the inland deserts. Mountains like the Mount Lebanon and the Taurus Mountains mark the edges of the Levant, providing heavy rainfall and snowfall, thus nurturing the areas' forest landscapes.
The areas within the Arab World witnessed the first forms of civilization, specifically in Ancient Egypt, the Levant and Mesopotamia. Throughout history, numerous civilizations, both local and foreign, settled in and ruled the Arab World each of them leaving its trace of monuments and landmarks. This made the regions within the Arab World a mosaic of remnants from most of the civilizations of the Old World. In some countries, you can find Ancient Roman temples next to an Umayyad palace, or a Crusader castle  in a Mamluk old town, or even an Eastern Orthodox Church next to an Ottoman mosque."
Tourism in the Caribbean,"Tourism is one of the Caribbean's major economic sectors, with 25 million visitors contributing $49 billion towards the area's gross domestic product in 2013, which represented 14% of its total GDP. It is often described as, ""the most tourism-dependent region in the world"".
The first hotel was built on the island of Nevis in 1778 and brought wealthy visitors, such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In the 19th century, resort hotels were also built on The Bahamas, Jamaica and Barbados to support an increasing tourist trade. Tourism increased dramatically when airplanes transported tourists to the region. This increased the numbers of people that were able to afford to vacation on the islands, but required costly infrastructure development."
Caribbean Tourism Organization,The Caribbean Tourism Organization's main objective is the development of sustainable tourism for the economic and social benefit of Caribbean people.
Tourism in Cuba,"Tourism in Cuba is an industry that generates over 4.7 million arrivals as of 2018, and is one of the main sources of revenue for the island. With its favorable climate, beaches, colonial architecture and distinct cultural history, Cuba has long been an attractive destination for tourists. ""Cuba treasures 253 protected areas, 257 national monuments, 7 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 7 Natural Biosphere Reserves and 13 Fauna Refuge among other non-tourist zones.""Having been Spain's closest colony to the United States until 1898, in the first part of the 20th century Cuba continued to develop with the influence of big investments, the creation of various industries, and growing travel to support mostly US interests and corporations. Its proximity (roughly 90 miles (140 km) from the Florida Keys) and close relationship to the United States also helped Cuba's market economy prosper fairly quickly. As relations between Cuba and the United States deteriorated rapidly after the Cuban Revolution of 1959 and the resulting expropriation and nationalisation of businesses, the island became cut off from its traditional market by an ongoing embargo and a travel ban was imposed on U.S. citizens visiting Cuba. The tourist industry declined to record low levels within two years of Castro's accession to power.
Unlike the US, Canada has maintained normal relations with Cuba and Canadians increasingly visited Cuba for vacations.  Approximately one third of visitors to Cuba in 2014 were Canadians. The Cuban government has moderated its state ownership policies and allowed for localised and small private business since 1980.  It also pursues revitalisation programs aimed at boosting tourism. The United States reestablished diplomatic relations with Cuba in 2015, in a period referred to as the Cuban Thaw, and the tourism industry has not benefited as much as was predicted from normalised relations with America as the Trump administration reinstated a number of the pre-Cuban Thaw restrictions, and imposed fresh restrictions."
Tourism in Dominica,"Tourism in Dominica consists mostly of hiking in the rain forest and visiting cruise ships.
Dominica's tourist industry is in its infancy compared to other Caribbean islands. For many years its rugged terrain, lack of white beaches, and underdeveloped infrastructure prevented large-scale tourist development. In recent years, Dominica has successfully marketed itself as the ""nature island of the Caribbean,"" seeking to attract eco-tourists interested in landscapes and wildlife. The government realizes that intensive tourism is incompatible with preserving the island's eco-system and in 1997 signed an agreement with Green Globe, the environmental division of the World Travel and Tourism Council, to develop the island as a ""model ecotourism destination."" The 3-year program provided technical expertise on environmental management as well as helping to market Dominica through specialist travel companies.
At the same time, the government has encouraged a steady increase in Dominica's tourism capacity, with numerous new hotels being built and considerable investment in cruise ship facilities. The new cruise ship jetty at Prince Rupert Bay, near Portsmouth, has dramatically increased the number of ships calling annually and brought significant tourism-related opportunities to the formerly depressed community of Portsmouth. Annual tourist arrivals are estimated at 200,000, of whom about 75,000 are stay-over visitors. The great majority are cruise ship visitors who spend limited time and money on the island. Revenues from tourism reached US$49 million in 1999.
Compared to many other Caribbean islands, Dominica's tourism industry may be considered to be underdeveloped (65,000 visitors per year).  It does not have any world-famous chains of hotels.
However, Dominica has a few famous tourist spots, such as the Indian River in Portsmouth, Emerald Pool, Trafalgar Falls, Scotts Head (where the Atlantic Ocean meets the Caribbean Sea), and the world's second-largest boiling lake, which is inside Morne Trois Pitons National Park.  The national park, itself, has been designated a World Heritage Site. A 2005 New York Times article reported that locals, who believe an earthquake to be the most likely culprit, claim the boiling lake had diminished in volume and effect (in the sense of impressing visitors) in recent years.This island country also has many diving spots with steep drop-offs, healthy marine environment, and reefs.
In 2004, because of its natural environment, Dominica was chosen to be one of the primary filming locations for Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest and its follow-up, At World's End. Hampstead Beach, Indian River, Londonderry River, Soufriere, and Vieille Case, which is situated on the island's northern tip, were among the places selected for filming. The production ended on May 26, 2005. The cast and crew and their island hosts had a ""Dominica Survivor Party"".
Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Cruise Lines, Princess Cruise Lines and Oceania Cruise Lines have made Dominica one of their ports of call.  The pier is located in the capital city of Roseau and is a simple pier.  Other Caribbean islands—such as St. Thomas, Barbados, St. Lucia, and Antigua—have more extensive cruise pier facilities.
The Dominica straw markets open on Tuesdays when the cruise ship docks.  These shops are operated by locals and are located on the main street directly in front of the pier, as well as directly behind the Dominica Museum.  No other straw markets are located on the north side of the island."
Tourism in the Dominican Republic,"Tourism in the Dominican Republic is an important sector of the country's economy. More than 8.5 million tourists visited the Dominican Republic in 2022, making it the most popular tourist destination in the Caribbean and putting it in the top 5 overall in the Americas. The industry accounts for 11.6% of the nation's GDP and is a particularly important source of revenue in coastal areas of the country. The nation's tropical climate, white sand beaches, diverse mountainous landscape and colonial history attracts visitors from around the world.In 2022, the nation's tourism was named the best-performing nation post-pandemic with over 5% visitors more in comparison to pre-pandemic levels in 2019.As one of the most geographically diverse nations in the region, the Dominican Republic is home to Pico Duarte, the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, and Lake Enriquillo, its largest lake and lowest elevation. The earliest cathedral, castle, monastery and fortress built in all of the Americas is located in Santo Domingo's Colonial Zone, an area declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
Environmental impacts of tourism in the Caribbean,"The economy in the Caribbean region is highly dependent on its tourism industry; in 2013, this industry constituted 14% of their total GDP. This region is largely appealing for the sun, sand, and sea scene. Despite the fact that tourism is very reliant on the natural environment of the region, it has negative environmental impacts. These impacts include marine pollution and degradation, as well as a high demand for water and energy resources. In particular, the degradation of coral reefs has a large impact on the environment of the Caribbean. Environmental damage affects the tourism industry; therefore, the tourism sector, along with the public sector, makes efforts to protect the environment for economic and ethical reasons. Although these efforts are not always effective, there are continuous efforts for improvement.
High levels of tourism occur because the tourism industry provides extravagant lifestyle options for tourists. For instance, visitors use about three times the amount of water per day than residents. Furthermore, waste management from the tourism industry is inefficient and the waste services in most of these countries cannot cope with the large numbers of tourists, who are estimated to generate up to four times more solid waste than residents.
Another impact of tourism is marine pollution from cruise ships discharging waste into the sea. One single trip of a large cruise ship on average produces 210,000 gallons of sewage, 1,000,000 gallons of grey water, 125 gallons of toxic chemicals and hazardous waste, 8 tons of garbage and 25,000 gallons of oily bilge water. Although there have been attempts to regulate this kind of discharge, most of this waste is still dumped into the sea (Tourism in the Caribbean, Duval 2004). Some cruise ships are managing their waste by reducing the impact through advanced sewage systems, shipboard recycling programs, and increased use of biodegradable alternatives to plastic. However, their industry has increased about 60% from the 1980s to 2003. Therefore, they reduce the damage of their discharge but increase the quantity discharged.This type of marine litter damages the wildlife and the environment in which they live; for instance, it affects 14% of Caribbean coral reefs. This is not the only way that tourism is affecting the coral reefs; cruise ships and boats anchoring in coral reefs areas have also caused their depletion. For example, in January 2016, Paul Allan’s 300-foot yacht destroyed 14,000 square feet of reef in the Cayman Islands; this was about 80% of the coral in the area. These types of damages can be subject to fines but often go without government intervention and fines. In addition, scuba diving affects the nature of the coral reefs, in many cases changing the coral ecosystem and making them more susceptible to decreases. Coral reefs are particularly important in this region because they form part of the marine life and they provide protection to the coastal line.Tourism also causes other indirect environmental impacts. For instance, it causes people to resettle in tourist areas; thus having a high requirement for housing and infrastructure. This requirement is not met, which leads to problems of solid and liquid waste disposal due to inadequate infrastructure. (Dixon, 2001, p. 7) The GIWA Regional Assessment 4 for the Islands of the Greater Antilles demonstrated that the impacts of liquid waste in this sub-region include fish mortality, eutrophication, and threats to coral reefs, swamp ecosystems and seagrass beds."
Tourism in Haiti,"Tourism in Haiti is an industry that has generated just under a million arrivals in 2012, and is one of the main sources of revenue for the nation. With its favorable climate, second longest coastline of beaches and most mountainous ranges in the Caribbean, waterfalls, caves, colonial architecture and distinct cultural history, Haiti has had its history as an attractive destination for tourists. However, unstable governments have long contested its history and the country's economic development throughout the 20th century."
Tourism in Puerto Rico,"Tourism in Puerto Rico attracted 3.7 million visitors in 2019 and 1.0 million visitors in 2015, a notable increase from the average of 2010–2014 at 3.1 million. Tourism has been a very important source of revenue for Puerto Rico for a number of decades given it is host to diverse natural wonders, cultural and historical buildings, concerts and sporting events. Visitors from the United States do not need a passport to enter Puerto Rico and the ease of travel attracts many tourists from the mainland United States each year.
In 2017, Hurricane Maria caused severe damage to the island and its infrastructure. The damage was estimated at $100 billion. An April 2019 report indicated that by that time, only a few hotels were still closed, that life for tourists in and around the capital had, for the most part, returned to normal. By October 2019, nearly all of the popular amenities for tourists, in the major destinations such as San Juan, Ponce and Arecibo, were in operation on the island and tourism was rebounding. This was important for the economy, since tourism provides up 10% of Puerto Rico's GDP, according to Discover Puerto Rico."
Tourism in Saint Lucia,"Saint Lucia, an island nation in the Caribbean islands, has a relatively large tourism industry. Due to the relatively small land area of the country, most of the governmental promotion is performed by the state-operated Saint Lucia Tourism Authority, led by Executive Chairperson Agnes."
Tourism in the Turks and Caicos Islands,"Tourism in the Turks and Caicos Islands is an industry that generates more than 1 million tourist arrivals per year, and is ""the main source of revenue for the country. The tourism industry began in the 1980s, with the opening of Club Med Turquoise, the country's first main resort."" ""Tourism has benefited from the proximity to the United States and the stability via being a British Overseas Territory. The opening of a cruise port on Grand Turk in 2006 resulted in a significant increase in tourism arrivals to the country."""
Auschwitz concentration camp,"Auschwitz concentration camp (German: Konzentrationslager Auschwitz (pronounced [kɔntsɛntʁaˈtsi̯oːnsˌlaːɡɐ ˈʔaʊʃvɪts] (listen)); also KL Auschwitz or KZ Auschwitz) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It consisted of Auschwitz I, the main camp (Stammlager) in Oświęcim; Auschwitz II-Birkenau, a concentration and extermination camp with gas chambers; Auschwitz III-Monowitz, a labor camp for the chemical conglomerate IG Farben; and dozens of subcamps. The camps became a major site of the Nazis' final solution to the Jewish question.
After Germany sparked World War II by invading Poland in September 1939, the Schutzstaffel (SS) converted Auschwitz I, an army barracks, into a prisoner-of-war camp. The initial transport of political detainees to Auschwitz consisted almost solely of Poles for whom the camp was initially established. The bulk of inmates were Polish for the first two years. In May 1940, German criminals brought to the camp as functionaries established the camp's reputation for sadism. Prisoners were beaten, tortured, and executed for the most trivial reasons. The first gassings—of Soviet and Polish prisoners—took place in block 11 of Auschwitz I around August 1941. 
Construction of Auschwitz II began the following month, and from 1942 until late 1944 freight trains delivered Jews from all over German-occupied Europe to its gas chambers. Of the 1.3 million people sent to Auschwitz, 1.1 million were murdered. The number of victims includes 960,000 Jews (865,000 of whom were gassed on arrival), 74,000 non-Jewish Poles, 21,000 Romani, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, and up to 15,000 others. Those not gassed were murdered via starvation, exhaustion, disease, individual executions, or beatings. Others were killed during medical experiments.
At least 802 prisoners tried to escape, 144 successfully, and on 7 October 1944, two Sonderkommando units, consisting of prisoners who operated the gas chambers, launched an unsuccessful uprising. Only 789 Schutzstaffel personnel (no more than 15 percent) ever stood trial after the Holocaust ended; several were executed, including camp commandant Rudolf Höss. The Allies' failure to act on early reports of atrocities by bombing the camp or its railways remains controversial.
As the Soviet Red Army approached Auschwitz in January 1945, toward the end of the war, the SS sent most of the camp's population west on a death march to camps inside Germany and Austria. Soviet troops entered the camp on 27 January 1945, a day commemorated since 2005 as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. In the decades after the war, survivors such as Primo Levi, Viktor Frankl, and Elie Wiesel wrote memoirs of their experiences, and the camp became a dominant symbol of the Holocaust. In 1947, Poland founded the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum on the site of Auschwitz I and II, and in 1979 it was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO."
List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Eastern Europe,"The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The ""intangible cultural heritage"" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention.Eastern Europe, as designated by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), consists of ten countries. The groupings used by the UNSD are not indicative of ""any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories.""  All of the countries, with the exception of Russia, are state parties to the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Four intangible cultural heritage elements have been inscribed as elements of the Czech Republic, Poland, and Ukraine, two as elements of Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Russia,  one for Belarus and Slovakia, and none for Moldova."
List of World Heritage Sites in Eastern Europe,"The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has designated 94 World Heritage Sites in nine countries (also called ""state parties"") of Eastern Europe; defined here to mean the former Eastern Bloc countries not including the Baltic states (which are in Northern Europe) or former Yugoslavia and Albania (which are in Southern Europe) or the parts of Germany that once comprised East Germany (which are included in Western Europe): Russia, Belarus, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania and Bulgaria. The uniquely positioned Caucasian countries of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan are not included here but in Western Asia, and Kazakhstan is included in Central Asia.Russia is home to the most inscribed sites with 20 sites in Eastern Europe out of 29 sites in the whole country, two of which are transborder properties. Eight sites are shared between several countries with some of them located partially in Northern or Western Europe: the Curonian Spit (Lithuania and Russia), Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (Slovakia and Hungary), Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (Germany, Slovakia, Ukraine, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, and Spain), Belovezhskaya Pushcha / Białowieża Forest (Poland and Belarus), Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (Austria and Hungary), Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski (Germany and Poland), the Struve Geodetic Arc (ten countries in Northern and Eastern Europe), and Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region (Czech Republic and Germany). Moldova has only part of the Struve Geodetic Arc transborder site. The first sites from the region were inscribed in 1978, when Kraków's Historic Centre and the Wieliczka Salt Mine, both in Poland were chosen during the list's conception. Each year, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list, or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria. Selection is based on ten criteria: six for cultural heritage (i–vi) and four for natural heritage (vii–x). Some sites, designated ""mixed sites,"" represent both cultural and natural heritage. In Eastern Europe, there are 69 cultural, 8 natural, and no mixed sites.The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered, citing ""conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List."" None of the sites in Eastern Europe is currently listed as endangered; two sites, Wieliczka Salt Mine and the Srebarna Nature Reserve, have formerly been listed as endangered but lost this status subsequently; possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of cases."
Tourism in Ukraine,"Ukraine used to attract more than 20 million foreign citizens every year (23 million in 2012). But since 2014 this has lowered to about 10 million. Visitors primarily come from Eastern Europe, but also from Western Europe, as well as Turkey and Israel.
Before the Russo-Ukrainian War, Ukraine occupied 8th place in Europe by the number of tourists visiting, according to the World Tourism Organization rankings. Ukraine has numerous tourist attractions: mountain ranges suitable for skiing, hiking and fishing: the Black Sea coastline as a popular summer destination; nature reserves of different ecosystems; churches, castle ruins and other architectural and park landmarks; various outdoor activity points. Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa and Kamyanets-Podilskyi were Ukraine's principal tourist centres each offering many historical landmarks as well as formidable hospitality infrastructure. Tourism used to be the mainstay of Crimea's economy, but there was a major fall in visitor numbers following the Russian annexation in 2014.The Seven Wonders of Ukraine and Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine are the selection of the most important landmarks of Ukraine, chosen by the general public through an Internet-based vote.
Ukraine is a destination on the crossroads between central and eastern Europe, between north and south. It borders Russia and is not far from Turkey. It has mountain ranges – the Carpathian Mountains suitable for skiing, hiking, fishing and hunting. The coastline on the Black Sea is a popular summer destination for vacationers. Ukraine has vineyards where they produce native wines, ruins of ancient castles, historical parks, Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant churches as well as a few mosques and synagogues. Kyiv, the country's capital city has many unique structures such as Saint Sophia Cathedral and broad boulevards.  There are other cities well known to tourists, such as the harbour town Odesa and the old city of Lviv in the west. Most of Western Ukraine, which used to be within the borders of the Republic of Poland before World War II, is a popular destination for Poles. Crimea, a little ""continent"" of its own, had been a popular vacation destination for tourists for swimming or sun tanning on the Black Sea with its warm climate, rugged mountains, plateaus and ancient ruins, though the tourist trade has been severely affected by Russia's occupation and annexation of the territory in 2014. Cities there include: Sevastopol and Yalta – location of the peace conference at the end of World War II. Visitors can also take cruise tours by ship on the Dnieper River from Kyiv to the Black Sea coastline. Ukrainian cuisine has a long history and offers a wide variety of original dishes.
The country's tourism industry is generally considered to be underdeveloped, but it does provide crucial support for Ukraine's economy. Ukraine does have certain advantages, including much lower costs than other European destinations, as well as visa-free access for most people from Europe, the former Soviet Union, and North America. Since 2005 citizens of European Union and EFTA, United States, Canada, Japan and South Korea no longer require a visa to visit Ukraine for tourism purposes. Additionally, no visa is required from most countries of the former Soviet Union with the exceptions of Russia and Turkmenistan."
Space tourism,"Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism.
During the period from 2001 to 2009, seven space tourists made eight space flights aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station, brokered by Space Adventures in conjunction with Roscosmos and RSC Energia. The publicized price was in the range of US$20–25 million per trip. Some space tourists have signed contracts with third parties to conduct certain research activities while in orbit. By 2007, space tourism was thought to be one of the earliest markets that would emerge for commercial spaceflight.: 11 Russia halted orbital space tourism in 2010 due to the increase in the International Space Station crew size, using the seats for expedition crews that would previously have been sold to paying spaceflight participants. Orbital tourist flights were set to resume in 2015 but the planned flight was postponed indefinitely. Russian orbital tourism eventually resumed with the launch of Soyuz MS-20 in 2021.On June 7, 2019, NASA announced that starting in 2020, the organization aims to start allowing private astronauts to go on the International Space Station, with the use of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and the Boeing Starliner spacecraft for public astronauts, which is planned to be priced at 35,000 USD per day for one astronaut, and an estimated 50 million USD for the ride there and back.Work also continues towards developing suborbital space tourism vehicles. This is being done by aerospace companies like Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic. SpaceX announced in 2018 that they are planning on sending space tourists, including Yusaku Maezawa, on a free-return trajectory around the Moon on the Starship."
Science tourism,"Science tourism is a travel topic grouping scientific attractions. It covers interests in visiting and exploring scientific landmarks, including museums, laboratories, observatories and universities. It also includes visits to see events of scientific interest, such as solar eclipses.
A laboratory is a workplace and many have ongoing scientific research. They may not be open to the general public, or may only offer occasional special opportunities for public access. Many observatories are open to the public at regular hours, and have tours showcasing their astronomical research."
Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane,"The Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane, also called EADS Astrium TBN according to some sources, is a suborbital spaceplane concept for carrying space tourists, proposed by EADS Astrium (currently Airbus Defence and Space), the space subsidiary of the European consortium EADS (currently Airbus).  A full-size mockup was officially unveiled in Paris, France, on June 13, 2007, and is now on display in the Concorde hall of the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace. The project is the first space tourism entry by a major aerospace contractor.
It is a rocket plane with a large wingspan, straight rearwards wing and a pair of canards. Propulsion is ensured by classical turbofan jet engines for the atmospheric phase and a methane-oxygen rocket engine for the space tourism phase. It can carry a pilot and four passengers. The dimensions and looks are somewhat similar to those of a business jet.
As of 2007, EADS Astrium hoped to start development of this rocket plane by 2008, with the objective of a first flight in 2011. There was also a possibility that the Tunisian area of Tozeur might be used for the initial flights. Demonstrator test flight regarding conditions encountered in the end-of-flight phase of a return from space occurred on June 5, 2014.As of 2015, EADS Astrium was waiting for investors."
Eric C. Anderson,"Eric C. Anderson (born 1974) is an American entrepreneur and aerospace engineer. He is the co-founder and chairman of Space Adventures Ltd., the first commercial spaceflight company, which has arranged for eight missions for privately funded individuals to the International Space Station since 2001.  Anderson is widely credited as having established the market for commercial spaceflight. He is also a founding partner of Space Angels Network, CEO of Intentional Software Corporation, co-founder and chairman of Planetary Power, Inc., co-founder and former co-chairman of Planetary Resources and chairman of Personal.com and Booster Fuels."
Apogee of Fear,"Apogee of Fear is a 2012 science fiction comedy short film, the first narrative fiction film made completely in space. (Contrast Return from Orbit, 1984 film made partially in space.) Filmed by Richard Garriott from a script and production elements he contracted from fantasy novelist Tracy Hickman, the film's principal photography was accomplished during Garriott's time aboard the International Space Station as a spaceflight participant in October 2008."
Arianespace,"Arianespace SA is a French company founded in 1980 as the world's first commercial launch service provider. It undertakes the operation and marketing of the Ariane programme. The company offers a number of different launch vehicles: the heavy-lift Ariane 5 for dual launches to geostationary transfer orbit, the Soyuz-2 as a medium-lift alternative, and the solid-fueled Vega for lighter payloads.As of May 2021, Arianespace had launched more than 850 satellites in 287 launches over 41 years. The first commercial flight managed by the new entity was Spacenet F1 launched on 23 May 1984. Arianespace uses the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana as its main launch site. Through shareholding in Starsem, it can also offer commercial Soyuz launches from the Baikonur spaceport in Kazakhstan. It has its headquarters in Évry-Courcouronnes, Essonne, France."
Astronaute Club Européen,"The Astronaute Club Européen or ACE, is a French association created on December 3, 2005 (decree of the Journal Officiel n°20050049), by Jean-Pierre Haigneré (cosmonaut), Laurent Gathier (director of space activities of Dassault Aviation and space pioneer) and Alain Dupas (Physicist, head of mission at CNES); and whose headquarters are located in the rooms of the Aéroclub de France in Paris.

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Aurora Space Station,"The Aurora Space Station was a technology concept for a private commercial space station in low Earth orbit that was announced on 5 March 2018 by Orion Span, a startup aerospace company in California, United States funded by Pear Venture and Berkeley SkyDeck. The concept envisions a capacity of six people: two crew and four tourists.No launch contract has been signed for deployment of the modules nor crewed vehicles, and its construction has not started, but its representatives claimed it would be launched in 2021. In March 2021 the website announced that they had shut down operations and refunded all deposits."
Axiom Orbital Segment,"Axiom Orbital Segment or Axiom Segment (or AxS) are the planned modular components of the International Space Station (ISS) designed by Axiom Space for commercial space activities. Axiom Space gained initial NASA approval for the venture in January 2020. Axiom Space was later awarded the contract by NASA on February 28, 2020. This orbital station will be separated from the ISS to become a modular space station, Axiom Station, after the ISS is decommissioned."
Axiom Station,
Bigelow Aerospace,"Bigelow Aerospace is an American aeronautics and outer space technology company which manufactures and develops expandable space station modules. Bigelow Aerospace was founded by Robert Bigelow in 1998, and is based in North Las Vegas, Nevada. It is funded in large part by the profit Bigelow gained through his ownership of the hotel chain, Budget Suites of America.By 2013, Bigelow had invested US$250 million in the company. Bigelow stated on a number of occasions that he was prepared to fund Bigelow Aerospace with about US$500 million through 2015 in order to achieve launch of full-scale hardware.Bigelow Aerospace announced in 2010 that they intended to create a modular set of space habitats for creating or expanding space stations. The company built two unmanned free-flying prototypes that flew in 2006 and 2007 and a module attached to the International Space Station.
In March 2020, the company laid off all 88 of its employees due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and planned to rehire staff when conditions permitted."
Black Sky: The Race for Space,"Black Sky: The Race For Space is a 2004 Discovery Channel documentary about Space Ship One, and how a small team backed by Paul Allen achieved human suborbital spaceflight and won the Ansari X Prize.  It contains insights about how the rocketplane was built, the challenges they faced when they flew it, the vision of Burt Rutan about the future of this technology (tier two and three), and his thoughts about NASA and government. It won a Peabody Award in 2004."
Blue Origin,"Blue Origin, LLC is an American aerospace manufacturer, defense contractor, launch service provider  and space exploration company headquartered in Kent, Washington, United States. The company makes rocket engines for United Launch Alliance (ULA) and other customers. The company also manufactures rockets, spacecrafts and heavy-lift launch vehicles. The company was selected as the second provider for lunar lander services for NASA's Artemis program and was awarded a $3.4 billion contract. The company has three engines in production including the BE-3U, BE-3PM and BE-4. The company is working on a fourth advanced rocket engine, called the BE-7, which is still under development, and when completed, will be used on planetary bodies other than Earth.The company was awarded the Robert J. Collier Trophy in 2016 for demonstrating rocket booster reusability with their New Shepard Rocket Program. The award is administered by the U.S. National Aeronautic Association (NAA) and is presented to those who have made ""the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America, with respect to improving the performance, efficiency, and safety of air or space vehicles, the value of which has been thoroughly demonstrated by actual use during the preceding year."""
Blue Origin Goddard,"Blue Origin Goddard is the name of the first development vehicle in Blue Origin's New Shepard program, which flew for the first time on November 13, 2006. Named after rocketry pioneer Robert H. Goddard, the vehicle is a subscale demonstrator and flew up to a height of about 85 m (279 ft) during its initial flight. The private spacecraft venture is being funded by the billionaire founder Jeff Bezos.
Rob Meyerson led Blue Origin from 2003 to 2017 and served as its first president.

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Blue Origin NS-16,"Blue Origin NS-16 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin which flew on 20 July 2021. The mission was the sixteenth flight of the company's New Shepard integrated launch vehicle and spacecraft, and its first crewed flight. It carried into space American billionaire and Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos, his brother Mark, pilot and Mercury 13 member Wally Funk, and Dutch student Oliver Daemen. The flight commenced from Blue Origin's Corn Ranch sub-orbital launch site in West Texas aboard the third flight of New Shepard booster NS4 and the spacecraft RSS First Step, both having previously flown on NS-14 and NS-15 earlier in the year.Blue Origin NS-16 was the first human spaceflight from the U.S. state of Texas. Daemen, aged 18, and Funk, aged 82, became the youngest and oldest people to travel to space, respectively, until William Shatner took the record of oldest in space at age 90 on NS-18. The flight was approximately 10 minutes, and crossed the Karman Line. The mission became the first fully automated flight with civilian passengers, as well as the first multi-person, internationally-recognized sub-orbital spaceflight."
Blue Origin NS-18,"Blue Origin NS-18 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin that launched on 13 October 2021. The mission was the eighteenth flight of the company's New Shepard integrated launch vehicle and spacecraft. It was the second crewed New Shepard launch. The flight, carrying four people including actor William Shatner, launched from Blue Origin's sub-orbital launch site in West Texas aboard the fourth flight of New Shepard booster NS4 and the spacecraft RSS First Step, both having previously flown on NS-14, NS-15, and NS-16 earlier in the year. 
At 90, Shatner became the oldest person to fly into space, surpassing the record of 82 which had been held by Wally Funk for three months since her flight on Blue Origin NS-16. Per Blue Origin, Shatner was a guest of the company on the flight and did not have to pay for the trip.While in space, Shatner experienced the overview effect and articulated it live on camera in a post-flight conversation with Jeff Bezos."
Blue Origin NS-19,"Blue Origin NS-19 was a crewed New Shepard sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin that launched on 11 December 2021. The flight was scheduled to launch on 9 December 2021, later delayed to 11 December 2021.The mission patch of the flight also featured the initials of Glen de Vries who died in a plane crash a month after flying on Blue Origin's previous crewed flight NS-18."
Blue Origin NS-20,"Blue Origin NS-20 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin, which launched on 31 March 2022 using the New Shepard rocket. With six people on board, it was Blue Origin's fourth crewed flight, and twentieth flight overall to reach space.The flight was originally scheduled to launch on 23 March, but was later postponed to 29 March, and then again to 31 March. American comedian Pete Davidson was expected to fly on board, but was unable to due to the launch date change. It was later announced that Blue Origin employee Gary Lai, chief architect of Blue Origin's New Shepard vehicle, would replace Davidson. Apart from Lai, the five other participants of the flight were paying passengers."
Blue Origin NS-21,"Blue Origin NS-21 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission, operated by Blue Origin, which launched on 4 June 2022 using the New Shepard rocket. It was Blue Origin's fifth crewed flight, and twenty-first overall to reach space.The mission was originally scheduled to launch on 20 May 2022. However, the flight was delayed due to a back-up system not meeting the ""expectations for performance,"" and the new 4 June launch date was announced on 31 May 2022.Apollo 16 astronaut Charles Duke was a guest of Blue Origin attending the launch."
Blue Origin NS-22,"Blue Origin NS-22  was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission, operated by Blue Origin, which launched on 4 August 2022 using the New Shepard rocket.  It was Blue Origin's sixth crewed flight and the twenty-second overall to go into space."
The Challenge (2023 film),"The Challenge, also known as Doctor's House Call (Russian: Вызов, romanized: Vyzov), is a 2023 Russian space drama film co-written and directed by Klim Shipenko and partially filmed aboard the International Space Station. Alongside Yulia Peresild, starring as a surgeon sent to space to help an injured cosmonaut, the film's cast includes Miloš Biković and Vladimir Mashkov. The film crew was accompanied by cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov, Oleg Novitsky, Pyotr Dubrov, and NASA astronaut Mark T. Vande Hei.
This is the first collaboration between the Russian space corporation Roscosmos and the public broadcaster Channel One, with an approximate budget of around 1.155 billion rubles. It is also the world's first feature-length fiction film to have scenes shot in space by a professional filmmaker. Filming in orbit took place for nearly two weeks, and premiered on the World Cosmonautics Day, the 62nd anniversary of the first human spaceflight by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, 12 April 2023, at the State Kremlin Palace in the Moscow Kremlin.The Challenge was theatrically released in Serbia and Russia on 20 April 2023 by Central Partnership, on an analogue of IMAX called CosMAX.The film collected more than 1 billion rubles at the box office by the thirteenth day of theatrical showings. It holds the record for the highest-grossing Russian film on its opening day, and it grossed 1.991 billion rubles against a production budget of 905 million rubles."
Cosmopolis XXI,"Cosmopolis XXI was a late 2000s Russian concept launch vehicle billed as a space tourism vehicle, similar to Mojave Aerospace's Tier One program. Designed and built by the Myasishchev Design Bureau, it would use the M-55X launch aircraft (derived from Myasishchev M-55), and the proposed C-21 spaceplane or its successor the Explorer. It would be a TSTSO (Two-Stage to SubOrbit) launch platform.
The Explorer spaceplane is a suborbital tourist spaceplane based on the  C-21 design. The plane was being developed by Space Adventures with the Russian Federal Space Agency and was intended to carry 3 passengers. It is to be air-launched by carrier aircraft from a Space Adventures spaceport.  Space Adventures abandoned the Explorer project in 2010 because ""it got too expensive.""  It is unclear if Russia continues its development."
DearMoon project,"The dearMoon project is a lunar tourism mission and art project conceived and financed by Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa. It will make use of a SpaceX Starship spacecraft on a private spaceflight flying a single circumlunar trajectory around the Moon. The passengers will be Maezawa and eight other civilians, and there may be one or two crew members. The project was unveiled in September 2018 and is scheduled to launch in 2024. The project objective is to have eight passengers travel with Maezawa for free around the Moon on a six-day tour. Maezawa expects that the experience of space tourism will inspire the accompanying passengers in the creation of something new. The art would be exhibited some time after returning to Earth to help promote peace around the world.
Maezawa had previously contracted in 2017 with SpaceX for a lunar flyby in a much smaller Dragon 2 spacecraft launched by a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle, which would have carried only two passengers. According to a SpaceX announcement in early 2018, the Falcon Heavy plan was shelved in light of the development of Starship."
DSE-Alpha,"Deep Space Expedition Alpha (DSE-Alpha), is the name given to the mission proposed in 2005 to take the first space tourists to fly around the Moon. The mission is organized by Space Adventures Ltd., a commercial spaceflight company. The plans involve a modified Soyuz capsule docking with a booster rocket in Earth orbit which then sends the spacecraft on a free return circumlunar trajectory that circles around the Moon once. While the price was originally announced in August 2005 to cost US$100 million per seat, Space Adventures founder Eric Anderson announced in January 2011 that one of the two available seats had been sold for $150 million."
Galactic 02,"Galactic 02 is a planned crewed sub-orbital spaceflight of the SpaceShipTwo-class VSS Unity, expected to launch on 10 August 2023. It will be the second commercial spaceflight and seventh overall spaceflight for American aerospace company Virgin Galactic. The mission will be the first to carry paying customers, as the previous flight, Galactic 01, carried astronauts from the Italian Air Force and the Italian National Research Council."
Galactic Suite Design,"Galactic Suite Design is an aerospace design company based in Barcelona, Spain. The company develops concepts and designs for aerospace projects. The company became well known for its announcement of the Galactic Suite Space Resort, a cancelled plan to create an orbital space station.Galactic Suite Design was the lead company in the consortium of companies fielding the Barcelona Moon Team, a competitor for the Google Lunar X Prize, with a Moon launch scheduled for 2014."
Gateway Spaceport,"Gateway Spaceport was formed in 2012 to build the first rotating spaceport and space hotel. On January 1, 2022, Gateway Foundation's name was changed to Gateway Spaceport LLC.
Their plan to develop the spaceport includes developing a robust space construction industry, the first artificial gravity space station, and ultimately the Gateway, a city in space with a spaceport."
Haven-1,"Haven-1 is a planned space station in low Earth orbit that is currently in development by American aerospace company Vast. The station is expected to launch no earlier than August 2025 atop a SpaceX Falcon 9. The first mission to Haven-1, Vast-1, is expected to launch a crew of four astronauts on board of a Crew Dragon spacecraft to the space station for thirty days. More launches are expected to occur using Crew Dragon to shuttle astronauts to and from Haven-1 over the course of its lifespan.The station will be unable to sustain itself over a long period of time and will rely on the Crew Dragon for long-term missions by using its life support systems. Using Dragon, the station will be capable of sustaining 4-crew missions with 24/7 communication facilities, up to 1,000 watts of power, up to 150 kg of preloaded cargo mass, and science, research, and in-space manufacturing opportunities for up to 30 days.The crews aboard the station will also conduct experiments in an attempt to mimic the amount of gravity the Moon has."
Takafumi Horie,"Takafumi Horie (堀江 貴文, Horie Takafumi, born October 29, 1972) is a Japanese entrepreneur who founded Livedoor, a website design operation that grew into a popular internet portal. After being arrested and charged with securities fraud in 2006, he severed all connections with the company. His trial began on September 4, 2006. On March 16, 2007, Horie was sentenced to imprisonment of 2 years and 6 months.
He is popularly known as Horiemon (ホリエモン) due to his resemblance to Doraemon, the chubby robot cat in a popular Japanese cartoon. The name Horiemon was also given to a racehorse he owned, after the name had been chosen by voting on a Livedoor website."
XCOR Lynx,"The XCOR Lynx was a proposed suborbital horizontal-takeoff, horizontal-landing (HTHL),
rocket-powered spaceplane that was under development by the California-based company XCOR Aerospace to compete in the emerging suborbital spaceflight market. The Lynx was intended to carry one pilot, a ticketed passenger, and/or a payload above 100 kilometres (62 mi) altitude. The concept was under development since 2003, when a two-person suborbital spaceplane was announced under the name Xerus.
In January 2016, XCOR changed plans for the first flight of the Lynx spaceplane. It was initially planned for the second quarter of 2016 from the Midland spaceport in Texas, but, in early 2016, it was pushed to an ""undisclosed and tentative"" date at the Mojave spaceport.In May 2016, XCOR announced development of the Lynx had been halted with layoffs of approximately one-third of the staff; the company intended to concentrate on development of their liquid hydrogen rocket under contract with United Launch Alliance, instead.Following the bankruptcy of XCOR Aerospace in 2017, the assets of the company were sold to the nonprofit organization Build A Plane, which will focus on education rather than suborbital flight.

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MirCorp,
Mu Space,"Mu Space and Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., operating under the name Mu Space Corp, is an manufacturer and internet service provider in Southeast Asia that was founded by James Yenbamroong in 2017."
New Glenn,"New Glenn is a heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle in development by Blue Origin, named after NASA astronaut John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth. Design work on the vehicle began in 2012; illustrations of the vehicle, and the high-level specifications, were initially publicly unveiled in September 2016. New Glenn is a two-stage rocket with a diameter of 7 m (23 ft). Its first stage will be powered by seven BE-4 engines that are also being designed and manufactured by Blue Origin.
Like the New Shepard suborbital launch vehicle used for space tourism activities, the New Glenn's first stage has been designed to be reusable since its inception. In 2021, the company started a program to make the second stage reusable as well, with the project codenamed Project Jarvis. A first test tank was created in 2021.Originally aiming for first launch of New Glenn in 2020, Blue Origin has publicly announced delays on three occasions: to 2021 in late 2018, to fourth quarter of 2022 in early 2021, and to no earlier than Q4 2023 in March 2022."
New Shepard,"New Shepard is a fully reusable sub-orbital launch vehicle developed for space tourism by Blue Origin. The vehicle is named after Alan Shepard who became the first American to travel into space and was the fifth person to walk on the Moon. The vehicle is capable of vertical takeoff and landings. Additionally, it is also capable of carrying humans and customer payloads into a sub-orbital trajectory.  
New Shepard consists of a booster rocket and a crew capsule. The capsule can be configured to house up to six passengers, cargo, or a combination of both. The booster rocket is powered by one BE-3PM engine, which sends the capsule above the Kármán line, where passengers and cargo can experience a few minutes of weightlessness before the capsule returns to Earth.
The launch vehicle is designed to be fully reusable, with the capsule returning to Earth via three parachutes and a solid rocket motor. The booster lands vertically on the same launchpad it took off from. Blue Origin has successfully launched and landed the New Shepard launch vehicle 22 times with 1 partial failure deemed successful and 1 failure. The launch vehicle has a length of 15.0 m, a diameter of 3.7 m and a launch mass of 75 T. The BE-3PM engine produces 490 kN of thrust at takeoff."
Orbital Reef,"Orbital Reef is a planned low Earth orbit (LEO) space station designed by Blue Origin and Sierra Nevada Corporation's Sierra Space for commercial space activities and space tourism uses. Blue Origin has referred to it as a ""mixed-use business park"". The companies released preliminary plans on 25 October 2021. The station is being designed to support 10 persons in 830 m3 of volume. The station is expected to be operational by 2027.On 2 December 2021, NASA announced it had selected Blue Origin as one of three companies to develop designs of space stations and other commercial destinations in space. Blue Origin was awarded $130 million. These Space Act Agreements are the first phase of two with which NASA aims to maintain an uninterrupted U.S. presence in low-Earth orbit by transitioning from the International Space Station to other platforms."
Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station,"The Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station is a proposed orbital space station intended for commercial clients.  The station was initially proposed in 2010 by Orbital Technologies, a Russian aerospace firm (not to be confused with Orbital Sciences Corporation), who is collaborating to develop the station with Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (RSC Energia)."
Orphans of Apollo,"Orphans of Apollo is a 2008 documentary film directed and produced by Michael Potter, co-directed by Becky Neiman and edited by Todd Jones, which describes how a band of entrepreneurs tried to privatize the space station Mir and tells the story that led to the development of MirCorp. It features prominent NewSpace entrepreneurs  and space advocates (Rick Tumlinson, Jeffrey Manber), backed financially by Walter Anderson."
PD AeroSpace,"PD Aerospace (Japanese: ＰＤエアロスペース株式会社, Hepburn: Pī Dī Earosupēsu Kabushiki-gaisha), often abbreviated PDAS, is a Japanese space tourism company based in Nagoya founded in 2007 by Shuji Ogawa. The ""PD"" in the company's name stands for ""pulse detonation"". PDAS is developing a suborbital spaceplane to carry two pilots and six passengers using a hybrid of jet and rocket power. Initial tickets are planned for ¥ 14,000,000 (about $125,000 USD as of April 2017) eventually lowering to ¥400,000 (about $3,600).PDAS plans to develop a hybrid engine that produces jet and rocket thrust, using pulse detonation jet and pulse combustion rocket modes. To reduce the cost of development and keep the vehicle low-cost, PDAS plans to use commercially available hardware, instead of custom-designed parts. H.I.S. and ANA own 10% and 7% of the company, respectively.

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Pioneer Rocketplane,"Pioneer Rocketplane was an aerospace design and development company intent on developing affordable crewed space flight.  The company is most famous for advocating a horizontal takeoff, turbo-jet and rocket propelled, aerial-refueled, rocket plane concept called the Pathfinder.  The company still exists, but is no longer in operation.  Pioneer's intellectual property is now owned by Rocketplane Limited, Inc., however Rocketplane Limited does not employ any of the principals of Pioneer Rocketplane."
Progress M1-2,"Progress M1-2 was a Progress spacecraft which was launched by Russia in 2000 to resupply the Mir space station. It was a Progress-M1 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 252.Progress M1-2 was launched by a Soyuz-U carrier rocket from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Launch occurred at 20:08:02 GMT on 25 April 2000. The spacecraft docked with the Aft port on the Kvant-1 module of Mir at 21:28:47 GMT on 27 April. It remained docked for 171 days before undocking at 18:06 GMT on 15 October to make way for Progress M-43. It was deorbited later the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean at around 23:29 GMT.Progress M1-2 carried supplies to Mir, including food, water and oxygen for the crew and equipment for conducting scientific research. Progress M1-2 was the first privately funded resupply mission to a space station. It was funded by RKK Energia as part of the MirCorp programme. It was the last Progress spacecraft to be docked to Mir whilst a crew was present aboard the station.

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Quasi Universal Intergalactic Denomination,"The Quasi Universal Intergalactic Denomination (QUID) is a proposed ""space currency"" created as a viral marketing campaign launched by Travelex with the London-based public relations and advertising firm, talkPR. The full name is a backronym from 'quid', a slang term for the British Pound. The campaign stated that Travelex was launching a new form of money for space tourists that had no sharp edges, was chemically inert, and had other advantages over paper money.

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Redwire,"Redwire Corporation is an American aerospace manufacturer and space infrastructure technology company headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. The company was formed on June 1, 2020 by the private equity firm AE Industrial Partners.

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Rocketplane Global Inc.,Rocketplane Global Inc. is a reusable rocketplane aerospace design and development company incorporated in Delaware.
"Rocketplane Limited, Inc.","Rocketplane Limited, Inc. was a spacecraft design and development company headquartered in De Pere, Wisconsin. After filing for bankruptcy, the company reincorporated as Rocketplane Global Inc."
RocketShip Tours,"RocketShip Tours is an American space tourism company founded in 2008 by travel industry entrepreneur Jules Klar and which planned to provide sub-orbital human spaceflights to the paying public, in partnership with rocketplane developer XCOR Aerospace. Klar created RocketShip Tours to act as General Sales Agent for XCOR Aerospace.
Jules Klar got his start in the travel business in New York City in 1961. He founded $5-A-Day Tours in partnership with Arthur Frommer of Frommer's fame. Klar's company, Great American Travel became one of the most successful wholesale travel organizations in America through the succeeding years. The company's space tourism package included screening, training and a trip into suborbital space. Jules selected XCOR Aerospace to partner with, due to its record of reliable rocket engine development and technological approach towards suborbital space travel.
In 2012 XCOR signed Space Expedition Corporation (SXC) as their new General Sales Agent For Space Tourism Flights.Note: The information visible on Infobox Company with that the URL of website is not found. The landing page is not found."
RSS First Step,"RSS First Step (Reusable Space Ship First Step) is a New Shepard space capsule, built and operated by American spaceflight company Blue Origin. It is the third New Shepard capsule to fly to space, and the first to fly passengers. Its first flight was the NS-14 mission, which reached an altitude of 107 km (66 mi) on 14 January 2021."
Saturn Rising,"""Saturn Rising"" is a short story by the British writer Arthur C. Clarke. It was first published in March 1961 in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. It was included in Tales of Ten Worlds, a collection of stories by Clarke first published in 1962. It has been translated into French, German, Italian and Croatian. The story imagines the development of space tourism."
Scaled Composites Stratolaunch,"The Scaled Composites Model 351 Stratolaunch or Roc is an aircraft built by Scaled Composites for Stratolaunch Systems to carry air-launch-to-orbit (ALTO) rockets, and subsequently repurposed to offer air launch hypersonic flight testing after a change of ownership. It was announced in December 2011, rolled out in May 2017, and flew for the first time on April 13, 2019, shortly after the death of founder Paul Allen. The aircraft features a twin-fuselage design and the longest wingspan ever flown, at 385 feet (117 m), surpassing the Hughes H-4 Hercules ""Spruce Goose"" flying boat of 321 feet (98 m). The Stratolaunch is intended to carry a 550,000-pound (250 t) payload and has a 1,300,000-pound (590 t) maximum takeoff weight.
The company ceased operations in May 2019, shortly after the first flight, and placed all company assets, including the aircraft, for sale by June 2019. In October 2019, Cerberus Capital Management acquired Stratolaunch Systems, including the Stratolaunch aircraft. Stratolaunch announced in December 2019 that it would now be focusing on offering high-speed flight test services. As of April 2023, the Stratolaunch has flown ten times, including three with a hypersonic test aircraft, and been declared operational.

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Scaled Composites Tier One,"Tier One was a Scaled Composites' 1990s–2004 program of suborbital human spaceflight using the reusable spacecraft SpaceShipOne and its launcher White Knight. The craft was designed by Burt Rutan, and the project was funded 20 million US Dollars by Paul Allen.  In 2004 it made the first privately funded human spaceflight and won the 10 million US Dollars Ansari X Prize for the first non-governmental reusable crewed spacecraft.
The objective of the project was to develop technology for low-cost routine access to space.  SpaceShipOne was not itself intended to carry paying passengers, but was envisioned that there would be commercial spinoffs, initially in space tourism.  The company Mojave Aerospace Ventures was formed to manage commercial exploitation of the technology.  A deal with Virgin Galactic could see routine space tourism in the late 2010s using a spacecraft based on Tier One technology."
Scaled Composites White Knight Two,"The Scaled Composites Model 348 White Knight Two (WK2) is a quadjet cargo aircraft that is used to lift the SpaceShipTwo spacecraft to release altitude. It was developed by Scaled Composites from 2007 to 2010 as the first stage of Tier 1b, a two-stage to suborbital-space crewed launch system. WK2 is based on the successful mothership to SpaceShipOne, White Knight, which itself is based on Proteus.
With an ""open architecture"" design and explicit plans for multi-purpose use, the aircraft could also operate as a zero-g aircraft for passenger training or microgravity science flights, handle missions in high-altitude testing more generally, or be used to launch payloads other than SpaceShipTwo. A study of use of the aircraft as a forest fire water bomber has also been mentioned, one that would utilize a large carbon composite water tank that could be quickly replenished to make repeat runs over fires.The first White Knight Two is named VMS Eve after Richard Branson's mother Eve Branson; it was officially unveiled on July 28, 2008, and flew for the first time on December 21, 2008.  The second is expected to be named VMS Spirit of Steve Fossett after Branson's close friend Steve Fossett, who died in an aircraft accident in 2007. 
As of 2015, it is not clear how many SS2 and WK2 vehicles will actually be built."
ShareSpace foundation,"ShareSpace is a non-profit educational foundation focused on the benefits of the STEAM disciplines‍—‌science, technology, engineering, arts, and math‍—‌for both the individual young person and society as a whole."
Space Fellowship,"The Space Fellowship is an international news and information network dedicated to the development of the space industry.
The organisation works to report and communicate space news and information to its valued community. Offering a unique and fresh approach, the International Space Fellowship works alongside leading space organisations with the goal of bringing space to the general public. Its online news service provides visitors with the latest news and updates from both inside and outside the space community."
Space Island Group,"Space Island Group (SIG) is a commercial organization based in West Covina, CA that is dedicated to the development of commerce, research, manufacturing and tourism in space. They plan to accomplish this by designing, building and operating commercial space transportation systems and destinations.  Their flagship project is the Space Island Project. They plan to accomplish this through the use of technologies, vehicles and procedures developed by NASA and aerospace companies over the last 25 years."
Space Tourism Society,"The Space Tourism Society is a California 501(c)3 non-profit organization founded in 1996 by John Spencer, a former member of the board of directors of the National Space Society, with the goal of promoting space tourism.
Their stated goal, as quoted from their website, is: ""To conduct the research, build public desire, and acquire the financial and political power to make space tourism available to as many people as possible, as soon as possible.""
The STS is based in the US and has chapters in Japan, Norway, Canada, Malaysia, India, Russia, and the United Kingdom. It is an organization member of the Alliance for Space Development."
Space Tourists,"Space Tourists is a feature-length documentary of the Swiss director Christian Frei. The film had its premiere at the Zurich Film Festival in 2009 and has won the ""World Cinema Directing Award"" at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010."
SpaceShip III,"SpaceShip III (SS3, also with Roman numeral III; formerly SpaceShipThree) is an upcoming class of spaceplanes by Virgin Galactic to follow SpaceShipTwo. It was first teased on the Virgin Galactic Twitter account on 25 February 2021 announcing the rollout of the first SpaceShip III plane on 30 March 2021."
SpaceShipTwo,"The Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo (SS2) is an air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism. It is manufactured by The Spaceship Company, a California-based company owned by Virgin Galactic.
SpaceShipTwo is carried to its launch altitude by a Scaled Composites White Knight Two, before being released to fly on into the upper atmosphere powered by its rocket engine. It then glides back to Earth and performs a conventional runway landing. The spaceship was officially unveiled to the public on 7 December 2009 at the Mojave Air and Space Port in California. On 29 April 2013, after nearly three years of unpowered testing, the first one constructed successfully performed its first powered test flight.Virgin Galactic plans to operate a fleet of five SpaceShipTwo spaceplanes in a private passenger-carrying service and has been taking bookings for some time, with a suborbital flight carrying an updated ticket price of US$250,000. The spaceplane could also be used to carry scientific payloads for NASA and other organizations.On 31 October 2014, during a test flight, the first SpaceShipTwo VSS Enterprise broke up in flight and crashed in the Mojave desert. A preliminary investigation suggested that the craft's descent device deployed too early. One pilot, Michael Alsbury, was killed; the other was treated for a serious shoulder injury after parachuting from the stricken spacecraft.The second SpaceShipTwo spacecraft, VSS Unity, was unveiled on 19 February 2016. The vehicle is undergoing flight testing. Its first flight to space (above 50 miles altitude), VSS Unity VP03, took place on 13 December 2018."
SpaceX Mars program,"The SpaceX Mars program is a set of projects through which the aerospace company SpaceX hopes to facilitate the colonization of Mars. The company claims that this is necessary for the long-term survival of the human species and that its Mars program, including the ongoing development of the SpaceX Starship, will reduce space transportation costs, thereby making travel to Mars a more realistic possibility.
Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, first presented his goal of enabling Mars colonization in 2001 as a member of the Mars Society's board of directors. In the 2000s and early 2010s, SpaceX made many vehicle concepts for delivering payloads and crews to Mars, including space tugs, heavy-lift launch vehicles, and Red Dragon capsules. The company's current Mars plan was first formally proposed at the 2016 International Astronautical Congress alongside a fully-reusable launch vehicle, the Interplanetary Transport System. Since then, the launch vehicle proposal was altered and renamed to ""Starship"", and has been in development since. The company has given many estimates of dates of the first human landing on Mars.
SpaceX plans for early missions to Mars to involve small fleets of Starship spacecraft, funded by public–private partnerships. The company hopes that once infrastructure is established on Mars and the launch cost is reduced further, colonization can begin.
The program has been criticized as impractical, both because of uncertainties regarding its financing and because it only addresses transportation to Mars and not the problem of sustaining human life there."
Starchaser Industries,"Starchaser Industries is a privately-owned space tourism company based in the UK.  Formed in 1992, the company designed and built several prototype rocket systems for space tourism vehicles. Starchaser's rocket NOVA 1 launched in 2001 from Morecambe Bay. The vehicle holds the UK record for the biggest successful rocket launch fired from the British mainland.  Starchaser operate an Educational Outreach Programme that aims to take areas of physics and chemistry and explain their use in rocket building."
Space tourism startup companies,
Swiss Space Systems,"Swiss Space Systems (S3) was a company that planned to provide orbital launches of small satellites and crewed sub-orbital spaceflights. The company was based in Payerne in western Switzerland, near Payerne Air Base, where it planned to build a spaceport in 2015. Suborbital spaceplanes were to be launched from an Airbus A300, giving the spacecraft more initial speed and altitude than if it were launched from the ground. The spacecraft, in turn, would release a disposable third stage.As of March 2013, the company planned to charge CHF 10 million (US$10.5 million) per launch, using uncrewed suborbital spaceplanes that could carry satellites weighing up to 250 kilograms (550 lb). Costs were expected to be reduced by the reusable nature of the spaceplane and launch facilities, and by somewhat lower fuel-consumption than conventional systems.In 2013, S3 also hoped to develop a crewed version of its suborbital spaceplane to provide supersonic intercontinental flights to paying customers. According to CEO Pascal Jaussi: ""Far from wishing to launch into the space tourism market, we want rather to establish a new mode of air travel based on our satellite launch model that will allow spaceports on different continents to be reached in an hour.""As of March 2013, project partners included the European Space Agency, Dassault Aviation and the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics.According to Swiss public broadcasting, Swiss Space Systems became heavily indebted. In 2016, Swiss Space Systems asked to delay bankruptcy procedures as new funds from Singapore bank Axios Credit were expected. However, news tabloid Blick reported that Singapore authorities declared that Axios is not a licensed bank. On 14 December 2016, Swiss Space Systems was declared bankrupt in the civil court of Broye and North Vaud."
Tourism on Mars,
Tourism on the Moon,"Lunar tourism may be possible in the future if trips to the Moon are made available to a private audience. Some space tourism startup companies are planning to offer tourism on or around the Moon, and estimate this to be possible sometime between 2023 and 2043."
Virgin Galactic,"Virgin Galactic is an American spaceflight company founded by Richard Branson and the Virgin Group conglomerate which retains an 11.9% stake through Virgin Investments Limited. It is headquartered in California, and operates from New Mexico. The company is developing commercial spacecraft and aims to provide suborbital spaceflights to space tourists. Virgin Galactic's suborbital spacecraft are air launched from beneath a carrier airplane known as White Knight Two. Virgin Galactic's maiden spaceflight occurred in 2018 with its VSS Unity spaceship. Branson had originally hoped to see a maiden spaceflight by 2010, but the date was delayed for several years, and then delayed again, primarily due to the October 2014 crash of VSS Enterprise.
The company did the early work on the satellite launch development of LauncherOne before this was hived off to a separate company, Virgin Orbit, in 2017. The company also has aspirations for suborbital transport and in 2017, Branson has said that Virgin Galactic was ""in the best position in the world"" to provide rocket-powered, point-to-point 3,000 mph (4,800 km/h) air travel.On 13 December 2018, VSS Unity achieved the project's first suborbital space flight, VSS Unity VP-03, with two pilots, reaching an altitude of 82.7 kilometres (51.4 mi), and officially entering outer space by U.S. standards. In February 2019, the project carried three people, including a passenger, on VSS Unity VF-01, with a member of the team floating within the cabin during a spaceflight that reached 89.9 kilometres (55.9 mi).
On 11 July 2021, the company founder Richard Branson and three other employees rode on a flight as passengers, marking the first time a spaceflight company founder has travelled on his own ship into outer space (according to the NASA definition of outer space beginning at 50 miles above the Earth).
In February 2022, Virgin Galactic announced that it opens ticket sales to the public. The price of a reservation is $450,000. The company had sold tickets before February 2022 to clients that had paid deposits earlier or otherwise ""were on a list""; as of November 2021 the company had about 700 customers (tickets sold). The company aims to have about 3 launches per month sometime in 2023.A spin-off company, Virgin Orbit, used the same launch approach to achieve orbital launch, but was shut down in May 2023.
In June 2023, the company announced it would launch the first commercial space tourism flight called Galactic 01 later in the month. This came after completing its final test flight in May.On June 29, 2023 Virgin Galactic launched its first commercial space flight successfully.

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VMS Eve,"VMS Eve (Tail number: N348MS)  is a carrier mothership for Virgin Galactic and launch platform for SpaceShipTwo-based Virgin SpaceShips. 

 VMS Eve was built by Scaled Composites for Virgin Galactic. The ""VMS"" prefix stands for ""Virgin MotherShip""."
VSS Enterprise,"VSS Enterprise (tail number: N339SS) was the first SpaceShipTwo (SS2) spaceplane, built by Scaled Composites for Virgin Galactic.  As of 2004, it was planned to be the first of five commercial suborbital SS2 spacecraft planned by Virgin Galactic.
It was also the first ship of the Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo class, based on upscaling the design of record-breaking SpaceShipOne.
The VSS Enterprise's name was an acknowledgement of the USS Enterprise from the Star Trek television series.  The spaceplane also shared its name with NASA's prototype Space Shuttle orbiter, as well as the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise.
It was rolled out on 7 December 2009.SpaceShipTwo made its first powered flight in April 2013. Richard Branson said it ""couldn't have gone more smoothly"".Enterprise was destroyed during a powered test flight on 31 October 2014, killing one pilot, Michael Alsbury, and seriously injuring another, Peter Siebold. This was the first spacecraft-related accident in which part, but not all, of the crew survived. An investigation revealed the accident was caused by premature deployment of the ""feathering"" system, the ship's descent device; the NTSB also faulted the spacecraft's design for lacking fail-safe mechanisms that could have deterred or prevented early deployment."
VSS Imagine,"VSS Imagine (Virgin Space Ship Imagine), is a SpaceShip III class suborbital rocket-powered crewed spaceplane. It is the first SpaceShip III to be built and will be used as part of the Virgin Galactic fleet. The spacecraft was rolled out 30 March 2021 and was planned to undergo ground and glide testing during summer 2021. Although as of spring 2022 it has not yet flown."
VSS Unity,"VSS Unity (Virgin Space Ship Unity, registration: N202VG), previously referred to as VSS Voyager, is a SpaceShipTwo-class suborbital rocket-powered crewed spaceplane.  It is the second SpaceShipTwo to be built and is part of the Virgin Galactic fleet. It first reached space as defined by the United States (above 50 miles or 80.5 km) on 13 December 2018, on the VP-03 mission.Unity is able to reach space as defined by the U.S. Air Force, NASA, and the FAA, by going over 50 miles (80.5 km) above sea level. However, it is unable to go above the Kármán line, the FAI's defined space boundary of 100 km (62.1 miles).
VSS Unity was rolled out on 19 February 2016
and completed ground-based system integration testing in September 2016, prior to its first flight on 8 September 2016."
Tourism in Antarctica,"Tourism started in Antarctica by the sea in the 1960s. Air overflights started in the 1970s with sightseeing flights by airliners from Australia and New Zealand, and were resumed in the 1990s. The (summer) tour season lasts from November to March. Most of the estimated 14,762 visitors to Antarctica from 1999–2000 were on sea cruises.  During the 2009 to 2010 tourist season, over 37,000 people visited Antarctica."
Akademik Shuleykin-class oceanographic research vessel,"The Akademik Shuleykin- class vessels are Finnish-built ice-strengthened ships built for the USSR. They were originally used for oceanographic research; currently several have been converted for tourism in Arctic/Antarctic waters, carrying approximately 50 passengers."
Antarctic Specially Managed Area,"An Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) is a protected area on the continent of Antarctica, or on its adjacent islands. ASMAs are managed by the governments of Brazil, Poland, Ecuador, Peru, United States, New Zealand, Australia, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom, Chile, India, Russia, and Romania. The purpose of the ASMA sites are ""to assist in the planning and coordination of activities within a specified area, avoid possible conflicts, improve cooperation between ATCPs and minimise environmental impacts. ASMAs may include areas where activities pose risks of mutual interference or cumulative environmental impacts, as well as sites or monuments of recognised historical value."" Unlike the Antarctic Specially Protected Areas, ASMAs do not require a permit to enter."
Deception Island,"Deception Island is an island in the South Shetland Islands  close to the Antarctic Peninsula with a large and usually ""safe"" natural harbor, which is occasionally troubled by the underlying active volcano. This island is the caldera of an active volcano, which seriously damaged local scientific stations in 1967 and 1969. The island previously held a whaling station. It is now a tourist destination with over 15,000 visitors per year. Two research stations are operated by Argentina and Spain during the summer season. While various countries have asserted sovereignty, it is still administered under the Antarctic Treaty System."
Detaille Island,"Detaille Island is a small island off the northern end of the Arrowsmith Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. From 1956 to 1959 it was home to ""Base W"" of the British Antarctic Survey and closed after the end of the International Geophysical Year (IGY). It is now often visited by Antarctic cruise ships but is otherwise unoccupied.
Thanks to the men's hasty departure and the necessity that they take little with them, Base W is an eerily preserved time capsule of 1950s Antarctic life. The base had been intended to host dog-sledging survey parties which would cross the sea ice to the nearby Antarctic Peninsula, but the ice was dangerously unstable. When Base W was vacated, heavy sea ice prevented resupply ship Biscoe from approaching closer than 50 kilometres (31 mi), despite the assistance of two U.S. icebreakers. So the men were forced to close up the base, load sledges with only their most valuable gear and use dog teams to reach the ship."
MV Explorer (1969),"The MS Explorer or MV Explorer was a Liberian-registered cruise ship, the first vessel of that kind used specifically to sail the icy waters of the Antarctic Ocean. She was the first cruise ship to sink there, after striking an iceberg on 23 November 2007. All passengers and crew were rescued.The ship was commissioned and operated by the Swedish explorer Lars-Eric Lindblad. Its 1969 expeditionary cruise to Antarctica was the forerunner for today's sea-based tourism in that region. The vessel was originally named MS Lindblad Explorer (until 1985), and MS Society Explorer (until 1992). Ownership of the vessel changed several times, the last owner being the Toronto-based travel company G.A.P Adventures which acquired Explorer in 2004.Explorer was abandoned in the early hours of 23 November 2007 after taking on water near the South Shetland Islands in the Southern Ocean, an area which is usually stormy but was calm at the time. Explorer was confirmed by the Chilean Navy to have sunk at an approximate position of 62°24′S 57°16′W, between the South Shetlands and Grahams Land in the Bransfield Strait; where the depth is roughly 600 m. The Royal Navy Antarctic Patrol Ship Endurance, whilst carrying out a hydrographic survey for the British Antarctic Survey and at the request of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, later pinpointed Explorer's final resting place as 62°24′17.57″S 57°11′46.49″W, at an approximate depth of 1,130 m – a distance of 4,373 m from her reported sinking position. This is broadly consistent with the direction of the prevailing current."
Hannah Point,"Hannah Point is a point on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It forms the east side of the entrance to Walker Bay and the west side of the entrance to South Bay. Surmounted by Ustra Peak to the north, with Liverpool Beach extending between the peak and the tip of Hannah Point.  Ice-free area ca. 122 hectares (300 acres).The area was visited by early 19th century sealers frequenting nearby Johnsons Dock. The British base camp Station P on the east side of Hannah Point operated from 29 December 1957 until 15 March 1958.
Among the birds that make their home here are the gentoo and macaroni penguins as well as kelp gulls. Southern giant petrels nest here as do blue-eyed shags, skuas, and snowy sheathbills. Southern elephant seals and Antarctic fur seals are among the larger life forms observed at the point.Hannah Point is one of the most popular Antarctic tourist sites frequented by cruise ships.
The geographical feature is named after the British sealing vessel Hannah hailing from Liverpool and wrecked in the vicinity in 1820 while operating in the South Shetlands."
International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators,"The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) was founded in 1991 by seven companies. The primary goal of the association is to ""advocate and promote the practice of safe and environmentally responsible private-sector travel to the Antarctic"".Since the group's inception membership has grown to over 100 members. In addition there are tour groups working outside the association which may not follow its safety and environmental guidelines.
The need for an association like the IAATO is that eight countries have made territorial claims in Antarctica. However, no country recognizes the claim of any other country. In fact, in some cases, countries claim the same piece of the continent. Therefore, it is rarely clear what authority is in charge. This has left the Antarctic tourism industry largely self-regulated. Hence the need for an organization like the IAATO.
There is an IAATO website that has information on the Antarctic Treaty, visitor guidelines, visitor briefing videos, tourism statistics and more."
Lindblad Expeditions,"Lindblad Expeditions (Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic) is an expedition travel company headquartered in New York, NY. The company currently offers expedition cruises to destinations on all seven continents aboard 15 ships with capacities ranging from 28 to 150 guests."
Lars-Eric Lindblad,"Lars-Eric Lindblad (January 23, 1927 – July 8, 1994) was a Swedish-American entrepreneur and explorer, who pioneered tourism to many remote and exotic parts of the world. He led the first tourist expedition to Antarctica in 1966 in a chartered Argentine navy ship, and for many years operated his own vessel, the MS Lindblad Explorer, in the region. Observers point to the Lindblad Explorer’s 1969 expeditionary cruise to Antarctica as the frontrunner to today's sea-based tourism there."
Liverpool Beach,"Liverpool Beach (Bulgarian: Ливърпулски бряг, romanized: Livarpulski bryag, IPA: [ˈlivɐrpoɫski ˈbrʲak]) is the crescent-shaped beach extending 1.8 km on the east side of Walker Bay on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is situated on the west side of the small ice-free promontory ending in Hannah Point, and bounded by Hannah Point to the west, Ustra Peak to the northeast and the terminus of Verila Glacier to the north.  The picturesque beach is one of the most popular tourist sites in Antarctica, frequented by cruise ships. It is also accessible by Zodiac boats from the Bulgarian base and the Spanish base on the island situated 12 km to the east and 11 km to the east-southeast respectively.
The beach is named after the British city of Liverpool, the home port of many 19th century sealing ships operating in the South Shetlands including the sealer Hannah after which the adjacent point is named."
Nigel Sitwell,"Nigel Degge Wilmot Sitwell (23 August 1935 in Gosport, Hampshire – 2017) was an English conservationist, writer, editor and businessman specialising in wildlife and travel. He is noted for his travels in nearly 100 countries, including Antarctica, Tibet, East Africa and East Asia. In addition he edited and published the WWF magazine series Wildlife for 17 years."
White Desert (company),"White Desert Ltd. is a British tour operator conducting expeditions to Antarctica. As of 2021, it is the only company to offer a commercial private jet service to the continent. Its Whichaway Camp is described by multiple publications as Antarctica's first and only hotel."
Abia State Ministry of Culture and Tourism,The Abia State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is an Abia State Government ministry established in August 2010 as the body that is concerned with the administration of tourism and cultural affairs in Abia State.
Abu Dhabi Department of Culture and Tourism,"The Abu Dhabi Department of Culture and Tourism (Arabic: دائرة الثقافة و السياحة) is an agency of the Government of Abu Dhabi established in February 2012 by Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, president of the United Arab Emirates and ruler of Abu Dhabi, to replace Abu Dhabi's two main tourism and culture agencies, the Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority and the Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage."
Department of Tourism and Resorts of Ajara Autonomous Republic,"The Department of Tourism and Resorts of Adjara A. R. (Georgian: აჭარის ა. რ. ტურიზმისა და კურორტების დეპარტამენტი, DTRA) is a sub departmental establishment of government of Adjara Autonomous Republic that is mainly involved in a state management of tourism and resorts in the region.
The department carries out a state policy in reserving and developing tourism and resorts. It also popularizes touristic potential of the region on an international level and favors implementation of various innovations in tourism sphere."
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism,"The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is the state's government branch or ministry, responsible for planning, devising and implementing the state's strategy on Culture and Tourism.The Ministry is headed by the Commissioner charged with overseeing the activities of the ministry."
"Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism","The Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism (ADPHT) is a cabinet level agency in the executive branch of Arkansas state government responsible for promoting, protecting, interpreting, and managing the state's natural and cultural resources. The department was established on July 1, 2019."
Department of Tourism (Kerala),The Department of Tourism is a major government ministry under the Kerala Government that regulates and supervises tourism in Kerala. Kerala Tourism is the fastest growing state  tourism department in the country and the ministry has been often adjudged as key department that aggressively worked on to make Kerala Tourism into Top 100 Superbrands.
Lagos State Ministry of Tourism and Inter-governmental Relations,"The Lagos State Ministry of Tourism and Inter-Governmental Relations is the state government ministry, charged with the responsibility to plan, devise and implement the state policies on tourism and inter-governmental relations."
"Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism (Manitoba)","The Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism was a government department in the province of Manitoba, Canada.
It was created in 1988 by the Progressive Conservative government of Gary Filmon, through a merger of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Technology and the Ministry of Business Development and Tourism. The ministry was eliminated in 1999, and its responsibilities dispersed among other ministries."
"Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage","Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage (French: Sport, Culture, et Patrimoine; formerly Manitoba Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport) is the department of the Government of Manitoba responsible for managing government programs and services that support the sport, art, culture, and heritage of the province, through developing, supporting, promoting, and celebrating the identity and well-being of Manitoba and its communities.More specifically, sport refers both to the fitness and well-being for individuals as well as to the uniting of people in the spirit of competition and community pride; culture reflects the ""societal values and shared humanity"" within Manitoba; and heritage represents the history of Manitoba and its relation to the province's present and future.The department is overseen by the Minister of Sport, Culture and Heritage, who has been Obby Khan since his appointment in January 2023."
Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra),"The Ministry of tourism is a ministry in Government of Maharashtra. Ministry is responsible for promotion of travel and tourism in Maharashtra.
Ministry is headed by Cabinet level Minister. Girish Mahajan is current Minister of Tourism since 14 July 2023."
"Department of Tourism, Heritage and Culture","The Department of Tourism, Heritage and Culture is a department of the government of New Brunswick.
It was created in 2001 as the Department of Tourism and Parks from the Business New Brunswick and Department of Investment and Exports. Its mandate promote the province's tourism industry and maintain its official provincial parks.Its mandate was widely expanded in March 2012 when Premier David Alward restructured government. It was merged with the Department of Wellness, Culture and Sport to form the new Department of Culture, Tourism and Healthy-Living. This new department was short-lived however with it being split back up in October 2012 into the Department of Tourism, Heritage and Culture (which held the mandate of the former Department of Tourism and Parks as well as an oversight of community arts development and heritage programs) and a Department of Healthy and Inclusive Communities.[1]"
"Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation","The Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation is a provincial government department in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The department is headed by a member of the provincial cabinet, typically a Member of the House of Assembly, who is chosen by the premier and formally appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador. The current Minister of Tourism, Culture, Arts, and Recreation is Steve Crocker.
The department was first created in October 2011, by the government of Kathy Dunderdale, it incorporated the former Department of Innovation, Trade and Rural Development and most of the programs from the former Department of Business. The department's lines of business included; business investment, business leadership, economic intelligence, industrial diversification, innovation, investment development, marketing, regulatory environment reform, and small and medium-sized enterprise development.The department was reconfigured in 2017 as the department of Tourism, Culture, Industry and Innovation consolidating the former departments of Industry, Innovation, and Rural Development; and Business, Tourism, Culture and Rural Development. The department is responsible for tourism, business investment, heritage, provincial parks, and the arts.
The department was reconfigured in 2020 as the department of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation."
Northern Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism,The Northern Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism is the department of the Government of the Northern Cape responsible for economic development and economic planning as well as promoting and developing tourism within the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The MEC of the department is Abraham Vosloo.
Department for the Economy,"The Department for the Economy (DfE, Irish: An Roinn Geilleagair) is a devolved Northern Ireland government department in the Northern Ireland Executive. The minister with overall responsibility for the department is the Minister for the Economy.
DfE was renamed in 2016; it was previously called the Department for Enterprise, Trade and Investment."
Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation,"The Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation is a department of the government of Oklahoma within the Tourism and Branding Cabinet. The Department is responsible for regulating Oklahoma's tourism industry and for promoting Oklahoma as a tourist destination.  It is the Department which established regional designations for the various parts of the state which are in common use today: Red Carpet Country (Northwest, being the Panhandle and North Central), Green Country (Northeast), Frontier Country (Central), Choctaw Country (Southeast), Chickasaw Country (South Central), and Great Plains Country (Southwest).The department is under the direction of the executive director, who is appointed by the governor. The Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Commission serves in an advisory board to the executive director and is made up of eight members of the public, along with the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma serving as the ninth member and chair of the commission. 
The Department of Tourism and Recreation was created in 1972 during the term of Governor David Hall."
"Ministry of Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture Industries (Ontario)","The Ministry of Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture Industries (previously the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport until October 2019), was created on January 18, 2010 when the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Tourism were combined under one ministry. Sport was added to the portfolio in 2011. It is responsible for the development of policies and programs and the operation of programs related to tourism, arts, cultural industries, heritage sectors and libraries, in Ontario. The Ministry works in partnership with its agencies, attractions, boards and commissions and the private sector to maximize the economic, cultural and social contributions of its agencies and attractions, while promoting the tourism industry and preserving Ontario's culture and heritage."
Ministry of Tourism (Quebec),"The Ministry of Tourism (in French: Ministère du Tourisme) is a Ministry of the Government of Quebec responsible for promoting tourism to the province of Quebec.
The current minister is Caroline Proulx."
"Department of State Development, Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning","The Department of State Development, Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, formerly known as the Department of State Development, Tourism and Innovation, is the ministerial department of the Queensland Government responsible for economic strategy, industry stimulation, and infrastructure, local government and planning in Queensland. The department is led by the Minister for  State Development, Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, currently Steven Miles (politician), who is supported by the Assistant Minister for Local Government, Nikki Boyd. As with many departments of the Queensland Government, State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning is headquartered at 1 William Street, Brisbane."
Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism,"The Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a government ministry of Rivers State, Nigeria entrusted with the formulation and implementation of policies to promote culture and tourism with a view to stimulating economic growth in the state. The ministry's mandate is to ""Put in place programmes and events that attract international, national and local tourists."""
Department of State Growth,"The Tasmanian Department of State Growth is the Tasmanian Government department with responsibility for driving state growth and to implement the government's long-term plan for creating jobs, growth, and opportunities for all Tasmanians, in Australia.
The department was established on 1 July 2014 through the amalgamation of the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources and the Department of Economic Development, Tourism and the Arts.The Department is led by its Secretary, Kim Evans. The Department's ministerial portfolio responsibilities are; Minister for the Arts, presently the Hon. Elise Archer MP; Minister for Energy, presently the Hon. Guy Barnett MP; Minister for Science and Technology, presently the Hon. Michael Ferguson MP; Minister for Resources, presently the Hon. Sarah Courtney MP; Minister for Infrastructure, and the Minister for Advanced Manufacturing and Defence Industries, and the Minister for Education and Training, presently the Hon. Jeremy Rockliff MP; Minister for State Growth, presently the Hon. Peter Gutwein MP; Minister for Tourism, Hospitality and Events, and the Minister for Trade, presently the Hon. Will Hodgman MP.The Department of State Growth is responsible for the following statutory and non-statutory bodies: Antarctic Tasmania, Arts Tasmania, Business Tasmania, Events Tasmania, Forest Practices Authority,  Sustainable Timber Tasmania, Hydro Tasmania, Infrastructure Tasmania, Metro Tasmania, Mineral Resources Tasmania, Office of the Coordinator-General, Private Forests Tasmania, Racing Services Tasmania, Screen Tasmania, Skills Tasmania, Tasmanian Development Board, Tasmanian Institute of Sport, TasRail, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Tourism Tasmania, TT-Line Company, and the West Coast Wilderness Railway."
"Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions","The Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions (DJPR) was a department in Victoria, Australia. Commencing operation on 1 January 2019, the DJPR supported six ministers across 10 portfolios, broadly related to economic development.Along with the Department of Transport (DoT), DJPR was created in machinery of government changes following the return of the Labor government led by Premier Daniel Andrews at the 2018 state election, in which the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR) was divided into two new departments. Following the resignation of Richard Bolt as Secretary of DEDJTR, Simon Phemister was appointed Acting Secretary, and continued as permanent Secretary of the new department.In addition to the non-transport functions of DEDJTR, DJPR also took on responsibility for suburban development from the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning; racing from the Department of Justice and Regulation (itself renamed to the Department of Justice and Community Safety); and Sport and Recreation Victoria from the Department of Health and Human Services.The department was replaced by the Department of Jobs, Skills, Industry and Regions on 1 January 2023, with the latter taking over almost all responsibilities except resources and agriculture, which were transferred to the Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action and local government, which was transferred to the Department of Government Services. The new department also took over responsibilities for skills, training and higher education from the Department of Education and Training."
"Department of Jobs, Skills, Industry and Regions","The Department of Jobs, Skills, Industry and Regions (DJSIR) is a department in the state of Victoria, Australia. Commencing operation on 1 January 2023, it was created in machinery of government changes following the return of the Labor government led by Premier Daniel Andrews at the 2022 state election, in which the department was renamed from the Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions.The DJSIR supports nine ministers across 15 portfolios, broadly related to economic development. It has the same responsibilities as the previous Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, with the exception of resources and agriculture which were transferred to the Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action and local government which was transferred to Department of Government Services. Responsibilities for TAFE, skills, training and higher education were also transferred from the Department of Education and Training to the new department."
Department of Tourism (West Bengal),The Department of Tourism is a West Bengal government department. It is an interior ministry mainly responsible for the administration of the development of Tourism in West Bengal.
"Department of Jobs, Tourism, Science and Innovation","The Department of Jobs, Tourism, Science and Innovation is a department of the Government of Western Australia. The department was formed on 1 July 2017, out of the former Department of State Development, the industry promotion and innovation functions of the Department of Commerce and the Western Australian Tourism Commission.A restructuring of the Western Australian government departments was part of Mark McGowan's election campaign and, in the month after taking office, the number of government departments was reduced from 41 to 25.The department is responsible for the portfolios of economic development, international trade and investment, tourism as well as the promotion of the defence, international education, science and innovation sectors.In May 2021, the department was one of eight Western Australian Government departments to receive a new Director General with Rebecca Brown being appointed to the role effective from 31 May 2021."
Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism,"The Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism (EDAT) is the department of the Western Cape government responsible for economic policy, economic planning and economic development within the province. It is also liable for promoting and developing the provincial tourism sector.
As of May 2019, the political head of the department has been Provincial Minister David Maynier. He also oversees the Provincial Treasury. The non-political head is Solly Fourie."
Tourism in India by state,"Tourism in India is economically important and ever-growing. The World Travel & Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated ₹14.02 lakh crore (US$180 billion) or 9.6% of the nation's GDP in 2016 and supported 40.343 million jobs, 9.3% of its total employment. The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 6.8% to ₹28.49 lakh crore (US$360 billion) by 2027 (10% of GDP). Various states and union territories of India attract tourists from all over the world, mainly due to the cultural diversity."
List of adjectival tourisms,"Adjectival tourism is the numerous niche or specialty travel forms of tourism; each with its own adjective.
Examples of the more common niche tourism markets include:

"
Bibliography of tourism,"This is a bibliography of works related the subject of tourism.
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people ""traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes""."
List of cities by international visitors,"This is a list of top 100 cities ranked by the number of international visitors, including all international arrivals by land, air, and sea, for tourist or business purposes. The consulting firm Euromonitor and the financial services corporation Mastercard define the concept of the foreign visitor differently thus their respective rankings differ.
Euromonitor counts a visitor as any person visiting a city in another country for at least 24 hours, for a period not exceeding 12 months, and staying in paid or unpaid, collective or private accommodation. Each arrival is counted separately and includes people travelling more than once a year and people visiting several cities during one trip. The growth column compares international arrivals to the previous year.Mastercard Global Destinations Cities Index counts a visitor only if a person stayed overnight at least once in the city. The income column shows the amount visitors spent in each city. For cities bordering directly on foreign territory, border crossings from country to country are not counted as international visitors.

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List of commercial transatlantic flights,"The following is a list of transatlantic flights classified by airline. Some flights may be transatlantic while not being classed as such; for instance SQ21&22 (alongside 23&24) may fly over the Atlantic if wind conditions are preferable, but may fly over Asia or the Arctic Ocean instead."
List of cruise lines,"A cruise line is a company that operates cruise ships and markets cruises to the public. Cruise lines are distinct from passenger lines which are primarily concerned with transportation of their passengers. Cruise lines have a dual character; they are partly in the transportation business, and partly in the leisure entertainment business, a duality that carries down into the ships themselves, which have both a crew headed by the ship's captain, and a hospitality staff headed by the equivalent of a hotel manager.
Because of mergers and consolidations, a cruise line may also be a brand of a larger holding corporation. For example, as noted below, Carnival Cruise Line and Holland America Line are cruise lines within the larger parent corporation Carnival Corporation & plc. This industry practice of using the brand, not the larger parent corporation, as the cruise line is also followed in the member cruise lines in Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA); the listing of cruise ship sales, transfers, and new orders; cruise line market share; and the member-based reviews of cruise lines.Cruise ships can cruise in oceans or rivers. The listing of cruise lines below includes separate lists for both areas. Cruise lines operating ocean and river ships can be found in both lists."
List of heritage railways,"This list of heritage railways includes heritage railways sorted by country, state, or region. A heritage railway is a preserved or tourist railroad which is run as a tourist attraction, is usually but not always run by volunteers, and often seeks to re-create railway scenes of the past."
List of lists of hotels,"This is a list of hotel-related list articles.

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List of tourism journals,"This is a list of tourism journals: peer-reviewed academic journals covering the study of all aspects of tourism.

International Journal of Tourism Sciences
Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
Event Management
Journal of Interpretation Research
Journal of Sustainable Tourism
Journal of Travel Research
Journal of Vacation Marketing
Tourism and Hospitality Research
Tourist Studies"
List of travel magazines,"This is a list of notable travel and tourism magazines.

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Panitar,Panitar (Nepali: पानीटार) is a town and a tourist destination in Ilam District of Nepal. This comes under Deumai Municipality in Ilam District in the Karnali Province of eastern Nepal.
List of passenger airlines,"This is a list of airlines in operation that offer regular (usually scheduled) service to paying passengers from the general public. This list includes some airlines that offer charter service on a regular basis between fixed destinations. It also includes some airlines in the process of formation, planning to embark upon their maiden voyage soon.
Defunct airlines are listed instead at list of defunct airlines.
List of airlines includes all airlines, including cargo, charter, and corporate carriers not listed here.

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List of timeshare companies,This is a list of the major timeshare companies worldwide.
Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report,"The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report was first published in 2007 by the World Economic Forum (WEF). The 2007 report covered 124 major and emerging economies. The 2008 report covered 130 countries, the 2009 report expanded to 133 countries, and the 2011 report to 139 countries. The index is a measurement of the factors that make it attractive to develop business in the travel and tourism industry of individual countries, rather than a measure of a country attractiveness as a tourist destination. The report ranks selected nations according to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which scores from 1 to 6 the performance of a given country in each specific subindex. The overall index is made of three main subindexes: (1) regulatory framework; (2) business environment and infrastructure; and (3) human, cultural, and natural resources. The Report also includes a specific Country Profile for each of the nations evaluated, with each of the scores received to estimate its TTCI, and complementary information regarding key economic indicators from the World Bank, and country indicators from the World Tourism Organization and the World Travel and Tourism Council. The last Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report was published in 2019.
From the 2021 report, WEF publishes the Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI) as an evolution of the TTCI."
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists,"UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance. This list is published by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the members of which are elected by State Parties meeting in a General Assembly. Through a compendium of the different oral and intangible treasures of humankind worldwide, the programme aims to draw attention to the importance of safeguarding intangible heritage, which UNESCO has identified as an essential component and as a repository of cultural diversity and of creative expression.The list was established in 2008 when the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage took effect.
As of 2010, the programme compiles three lists. The longer Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity comprises cultural ""practices and expressions [that] help demonstrate the diversity of this heritage and raise awareness about its importance."" The shorter List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding is composed of those cultural elements that concerned communities and countries consider to require urgent measures to keep them alive. The third list is the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices.
In 2013, four elements were inscribed on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding, which helps States Parties mobilize international cooperation and assistance to ensure the transmission of this heritage with the participation of the concerned communities. The Urgent Safeguarding List now numbers 35 elements. The Intergovernmental Committee also inscribed 25 elements on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, which serves to raise awareness of intangible heritage and provide recognition to communities' traditions and know-how that reflect their cultural diversity. The list does not attribute or recognize any standard of excellence or exclusivity. All lists combined totalled 676 elements, corresponding to 140 countries as of April 2023.Elements inscribed in the lists are deemed significant manifestations of humanity's intangible heritage, the highest honour for intangible heritage on a global level."
World Tourism rankings,"The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released up to six times per year. In the publication, destinations are ranked by the number of international visitor arrivals, by the revenue generated by inbound tourism, and by the expenditure of outbound travelers."
Lists of airports,"An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway for a plane to take off or a helipad, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control towers, hangars and terminals.
An airport with a helipad for rotorcraft but no runway is called a heliport. An airport for use by seaplanes and amphibious aircraft is called a seaplane base. Such a base typically includes a stretch of open water for takeoffs and landings, and seaplane docks for tying-up.
An international airport has additional facilities for customs and immigration.
List of airports by IATA airport code: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

By country: see Category:Lists of airports by country
By metropolitan area: see Category:Airports by city
List of eponyms of airports (airports named after people)
Lists of military installations
Lists of the World's busiest airports:
by aircraft movements
by cargo traffic
by passenger traffic
by international passenger traffic
Lists by elevation:
List of highest airports
List of lowest airports
With triple takeoff/landing capability
Worldwide list of airports with scheduled commercial service, see: Airline destinations"
List of eponyms of airports,"This is a list of eponymously named airports.
It includes the name of the airport, the facility's location, and the person after whom the airport is named."
Lists of airports by IATA and ICAO code,The following are lists of airports by IATA code and ICAO code:
List of Airport Service Quality Award winners,"This list of Airport Service Quality Award winners is a representation of the world's airports, which have been recognised by the Airports Council International (ACI) to be leading in customer satisfaction and have thus received an Airport Service Quality Award (ASQ). The ACI gives out the ASQ, based on passenger satisfaction ratings in the ASQ Survey, which is a global survey based on interviews with passengers on the day of travel. Only airports which have participated in all four quarters of
the year and followed the sampling methodology of the ACI are eligible for an Award.  Along with the World Airport Awards by Skytrax, this award is considered one of the most prestigious accolades in the industry."
List of airports in Antarctica,
Lists of airports in Asia,"Lists of airports in Asia cover airports in each country of Asia, organized by activity and by region and country. They include military air bases and civilian airports. There are lists for countries with limited international recognition and for dependencies of other countries."
List of busiest airports by international passenger traffic,The following is a list of the world's largest airports by international passenger traffic.
List of busiest airports by passenger traffic (2010–2015),Below is a list of busiest airports by passenger traffic from 2010 to 2015.
List of countries without an airport,This is a list of countries (sovereign states) and territories without an airport.
List of airports in the Caribbean,"This is a list of airports in the Caribbean, sorted by location.
The following categories contain lists of all Caribbean airports with Wikipedia articles:

Category:Airports in Anguilla
Category:Airports in Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSome Caribbean airports without articles can be found in the following manually maintained lists:"
List of cities with more than one commercial airport,"Many cities are served by more than one airport, typically to avoid congestion, and where there may be factors preventing expansion of existing airports. In other cities, multiple airports may be built to cater for different uses, such as international and domestic flights. (For instance domestic flights may use smaller aircraft which can use a shorter runway.) The following lists cities which are served by more than one airport offering scheduled passenger services. Airports are included even if they are not within the city boundaries. Military airbases (without passenger service) and airports with only charter flights or cargo service are not included.

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List of airports in Europe,This page provides links to other pages comprising the list of airports in Europe.
List of highest airports,"This is a list of the world's highest civilian airports, situated at a minimum elevation of 2,500 m (8,202 ft) above mean sea level."
List of international airports by country,"This is a list of international airports by country. These are airports which are typically equipped with customs and immigration facilities to handle international flights to and from other nations.

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List of lowest airports,"This is a list of the world's lowest civilian airports, situated less than 10 m (33 ft) above mean sea level. The facility must be public, include at least one hard paved runway, and support general or commercial aviation as of 2019."
List of airports in Oceania,"This page provides links to other pages comprising the list of airports in Oceania.
Due to the number of airports, each country or territory has a separate list:"
List of people who have lived in airports,"This is a list of people notable for living for periods of more than a week in airports. The reasons are usually protesting, asylum seeking or having holiday difficulties, having difficulty with visas and passports."
List of longest runways,
List of shortest runways,"This is a list of the shortest airport runways in the world.  While most modern commercial aircraft require a paved runway of at least 6,000 feet (1,800 m) in length, many early aircraft were designed to operate from unprepared strips that could be improvised in small spaces. Los Angeles's Grand Central Airport, considered a landmark in aviation history, had a 1,200-foot (370 m) runway during its first six years of operation from 1923 to 1929.  Such airstrips were used by heavy as well as light aircraft.  During the Doolittle Raid in WW II, twin-engine B-25 bombers with a loaded weight of seventeen tons took off from the 827-foot (252 m) flight deck of the carrier USS Hornet. As late as 1977, a Lockheed Constellation demonstrated its ability to use the 2,700-foot (820 m) runway of the Greenwood Lake Airport in New Jersey, and in 1946, a lightened Constellation took off from a grass strip in 2,000 feet (600 m) on only three engines. Most general aviation aircraft retain this short-field performance; the Cessna 172, the most produced aircraft in history, will take off in as little as 805 feet (245 m) at Standard Temperature when fully loaded. Many small airfields capable of accommodating these types remain in use, mostly in remote areas in the American West and the French Alps, where space is limited."
List of airports in South America,"This page provides links to other pages comprising the list of airports in South America.
Due to the number of airports, each country or territory has a separate list:"
List of airports with triple takeoff/landing capability,"Triple takeoff/landing capabilities are a necessity for many large airports as it allows many aircraft to arrive and depart in a short amount of time. Each country sets its own standards for the separation between runways required for parallel approaches. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration dictates that airports must have at least 3,000 feet (910 m) between runways, though it can grant special permission to conduct parallel approaches with less separation if deemed necessary."
Lists of tourist attractions,The following lists of tourist attractions include tourist attractions in various countries.
List of convention and exhibition centers,The following is a list of convention and exhibition centers by country.
List of largest cuckoo clocks,"Several unusually large cuckoo clocks have been built and installed in different cities of the world with the aim of attracting visitors, as part of publicity of a cuckoo clock shop, or to serve as a landmark for the community and town.
Some have been awarded with the title of ""World's Largest Cuckoo Clock"" by the Guinness World Records."
List of Ferris wheels,List of Ferris wheels whose construction has been completed and which have opened to the public.
List of hot springs,"There are hot springs on all continents and in many countries around the world. Countries that are renowned for their hot springs include Turkey, Honduras, Canada, Chile, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Bulgaria, Japan, Taiwan, New Zealand, India, Romania, Fiji and the United States, but there are interesting and unique hot springs in many other places as well.

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List of tourist attractions providing reenactment,"The following is a list of tourist attractions, by country, that regularly use ""living history"" or historical reenactments either with professional actors or amateur groups.
Most castles which open to the public use reenactment in some form or another, even if not noted on this list. Similarly, anything labeled a Renaissance fair will use reenactment, though the level of authenticity may vary."
List of summer toboggans,"This is a list of summer toboggan installations worldwide, including both alpine slide
and mountain coaster types."
List of cruise ships,"This is a list of cruise ships, both those in service and those that have ceased to operate. Ocean liners are included on this list only if they also functioned as cruise ships. (See: list of ocean liners.)
As some cruise ships have operated under multiple names, all names will be listed in the Status section, along with the history of the vessel, under the vessel's current or most recent name. If a vessel is not currently operating as a cruise ship, only the most recent operation will be listed here.  Likewise, if a vessel fulfilled another role before becoming a cruise ship, the first entry for the vessel will occur when the vessel began its career as a cruise ship."
List of largest cruise ships,"Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly for vacationing. Unlike ocean liners, they typically embark on round-trip voyages to various ports of call, where passengers may go on tours known as ""shore excursions"". They may carry thousands of passengers in a single trip, and are some of the largest ships in the world by gross tonnage (GT), bigger than many cargo ships. Cruise ships started to exceed ocean liners in size and capacity in the mid-1990s; before then, few were more than 50,000 GT. In the decades since the size of the largest vessels has more than doubled. There have been nine or more new cruise ships added every year since 2001, most of which are 100,000 GT or greater. In the two decades between 1988 and 2009, the largest cruise ships grew a third longer (268 m to 360 m), almost doubled their widths (32.2 m to 60.5 m), doubled the total passengers (2,744 to 5,400), and tripled in volume (73,000 GT to 225,000 GT). As of January 2022, the largest cruise ship, Wonder of the Seas, has a gross tonnage of 236,857, is 362 metres (1,188 ft) long, 64 metres (210 ft) wide, and holds up to 6,988 passengers.Cruise ships are organized much like floating hotels, with a complete hospitality staff in addition to the usual ship's crew. Modern cruise ships after the Titanic don't sacrifice any  seaworthiness, while adding innovative amenities to cater to nautical tourists, with recent vessels being described as ""balcony-laden floating condominiums"". The ""megaships"" went from a single deck with verandas to all decks with verandas, and feature ameneties such as theaters, fine-dining and chain restaurants, spas, fitness centers, casinos, sports facilities, and even amusement park attractions.Cruise ships require electricity for powering both hotel services and for propulsion. Cruise ships are designed with all the heavy machinery at the bottom of the ship and lightweight materials at the top, making them inherently stable even as ship designs are getting taller and taller, and most passenger ships utilize stabilizer fins to further reduce rolling of tall ships in heavy weather. While some cruise ships use traditional fixed propellers and rudders to steer, most larger ships use propellers that can swivel left and right to steer the ship, known as azimuth thrusters, which allow even the largest ship designs to have adequate maneuverability.Cruise ships are operated by cruise lines, which are companies that market cruises to the public. In the 1990s, many cruise lines were bought by much larger holding companies and continue to operate as brands or subsidiaries of the holding company. For instance, Carnival Corporation & plc owns both the mass-market Carnival Cruise Line, focused on larger party ships for younger travelers, and Holland America Line, whose smaller ships cultivate an image of classic elegance. The common practice in the cruise industry in ship sales and orders is to list the smaller operating company, not the larger holding corporation, as the recipient cruise line of the ship."
List of river cruise ships,"This is a list of river cruise ships, both those in service and those that have since ceased to operate. As some river cruise ships have operated under multiple names, all names will be listed in the ""Notes"" section."
List of stretched cruise ships,"Cruise lines have opted to increase capacity by stretching their current ships. Known as lengthening, the process of enlarging a cruise ship usually includes cutting the ship in half and adding a new midsection, adding more cabins and public areas. The first modern cruise ship to be stretched was Royal Caribbean Line's Song of Norway in 1977."
Timeline of largest passenger ships,"This is a timeline of the world's largest passenger ships based upon internal volume, initially measured by gross register tonnage and later by gross tonnage. This timeline reflects the largest extant passenger ship in the world at any given time. If a given ship was superseded by another, scrapped, or lost at sea, it is then succeeded. Some records for tonnage outlived the ships that set them - notably the SS Great Eastern, and RMS Queen Elizabeth. The term ""largest passenger ship"" has gradually fallen out of use since the mid-1990s. Since that time the title of ""largest cruise ship"" has largely been given to those confined to cruising rather than transatlantic ocean travel."
List of countries by number of heliports,"This is a list based on CIA World Factbook, Flightglobal, Vertical Magazine and Ainonline along with the civil and military helicopter fleet.
This entry gives the total number of heliports with hard-surface runways, helipads, or landing areas that support routine sustained helicopter operations exclusively and have support facilities including one or more of the following facilities: lighting, fuel, passenger handling, or maintenance. It includes former airports used exclusively for helicopter operations but excludes heliports limited to day operations and natural clearings that could support helicopter landings and takeoffs."
List of heliports in Canada,"This is an alphabetical list of heliports in Canada. It includes all Nav Canada certified and registered heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada.They are listed in the format:

Airport name as listed in the Canada Flight Supplement (CFS), ICAO code, community served, and province and coordinates.The airport name in the CFS may differ from the name used by the airport authority."
List of heliports in Norway,"There are three main categories of heliports in Norway.  Most land-based heliports are built in conjunction with or at hospitals. They are owned and operated by the respective hospital trust and are served by the Norwegian Air Ambulance. A second major group are offshore oil platforms and other installations related to the petroleum industry. These are owned and operated by the oil or gas field operator. The third-category are general-purpose heliports. These are often owned by helicopter operating companies.
Norwegian legislation requires that all heliports permanent heliports and helipads which have an average twelve or more weekly aircraft movements gave approval from the Civil Aviation Authority of Norway (CAA). Exceptions include offshore and ship-mounted helipads and those situated in Svalbard. However, offshore helipads are required to meet a set of regulations. The situation on Svalbard is made complicated due to the Svalbard Treaty. Norwegian authorities therefore do not require permits for construction of heliports and helipads on the archipelago.
The most extensive part of the Norwegian helicopter transport are offshore commuting to oil platforms situated in the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea. These operate out of conventional airports, serving helipads on board the offshore installations. The only scheduled passenger services to a heliport operate between Bodø Airport and Værøy Heliport. Former heliports on Værøy and Røst provided such services between 1970 and 1986.The Norwegian Air Ambulance operates twelve medical helicopters out of eleven bases, with two based at Lørenskog Heliport, Ahus. All except three bases are situated on hospital grounds. Thirty hospitals have a helicopter landing site within 100 meters (330 ft) of its emergency department, of which twenty-four have CAA approval. Sixteen hospitals lack a helipad."
List of heliports in Singapore,This is a list of heliports and helipads in Singapore:
List of heliports in Turkey,List of heliports
"List of heliports in Washington, D.C.","There are 13 heliports within Washington, D.C., the federal capital district of the United States, as of 2021. As of 2002, there are also 32 others in the Washington metropolitan area. Of this total, 22 belong to hospitals, 12 to other corporations or private owners, 10 government, three military, and one public.No active facilities for fixed-wing aircraft exist within the geographically small and densely populated city. The district has not had any such facilities since 1962, when NAS Anacostia and Bolling AFB demolished their runways and abolished their seaplane base on the Potomac River. Airports associated with DC (such as Dulles, Reagan, or Baltimore/Washington) are instead located nearby in Virginia or Maryland.
The White House does not have its own heliport, but uses the South Lawn, with portable communications equipment brought out for Marine One arrivals and departures."
List of heritage railways,"This list of heritage railways includes heritage railways sorted by country, state, or region. A heritage railway is a preserved or tourist railroad which is run as a tourist attraction, is usually but not always run by volunteers, and often seeks to re-create railway scenes of the past."
List of heritage railways in Australia,"This is a list of heritage railways in Australia, some of which can also be considered tourist railways. For convenience, heritage tramways have also been included. Most are members of Association of Tourist & Heritage Rail Australia (ATHRA). In addition to active operations, abandoned and putative operations are also included, but static museum sites and rolling stock operators without a 'dedicated' line do not fall within Wikipedia's definition of heritage railways. Miniature railways with gauges of less than 380mm (15 in) are excluded. Lines named in red are lacking a detailed Wikipedia entry.
The world's second preserved railway, and the first outside the United Kingdom, was Australia's Puffing Billy Railway. This railway operates on 24 kilometres (15 mi) of track, with much of its original rolling stock built as early as 1898."
List of British heritage and private railways,"This is a list of heritage, private and preserved railways throughout the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies, and British Overseas Territories whether operational or closed, that are operated for charitable purposes or shareholder profit. Some also provide economic local transport. For rail museums, see List of British railway museums.
Many of the standard-gauge railways listed, including former branch lines and ex-mainline routes, were closed by British Railways under the Beeching Axe of the 1960s. Most have been restored and operate as heritage lines. A smaller number of lines were formerly industrial or colliery railways.
Many of these preserved railways are mentioned in national and international tour guides, and visits may form part of a school curriculum or feature in other studies, including civil engineering, mechanics, social, economic and political history, visual arts and drama.This list also includes tramways. Nearly all tram services in Britain ended in the 1950s and early 1960s, leaving just Blackpool Corporation Tramways, although some big cities have since revived them in the late 20th century onwards.

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List of heritage railways in Canada,"This is a list of heritage railways in Canada. For convenience, heritage tramways have also been included.

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List of heritage railways in Northern Ireland,"There are three heritage railways in Northern Ireland, reflecting Ireland's long railway history. These are:

The Downpatrick & Co Down Railway in County Down is located on part of the former Belfast & County Down Railway. Two and a half miles track has been relaid to Inch Abbey on the old route to Belfast, and a further one mile laid along the old route to Newcastle.  It operates with preserved steam and diesel locomotives and vintage wooden carriages.
The Foyle Valley Railway, in County Londonderry. The project has faced some difficulties, but does hold a quantity of preserved railway stock, on part of one of Derry city's closed railway routes (the city once had four stations).
The Giant's Causeway and Bushmills Railway on the north coast in County Antrim. Steam-powered services run from the Giant's Causeway to Bushmills. Laid on part of the course of the original Giant's Causeway Tramway which was electric-powered, with its own hydroelectric plant – the first such system in the world.

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List of heritage railways in the Republic of Ireland,"There are a small number of heritage railways in the Republic of Ireland, reflecting Ireland's long history of rail transport.  Some former operations have closed, and aspirant operations may have museums and even rolling stock, but no operating track. There are also working groups, which may run heritage rolling stock on main lines."
List of New Zealand railway museums and heritage lines,"This is a list of groups involved in Railway preservation in New Zealand.

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List of heritage railways and funiculars in Switzerland,"This is a list of heritage railways in Switzerland. For convenience, the list includes any pre-World War II railway in the large sense of the term (either adhesion railway, rack railway or funicular) currently operated with at least several original or historical carriages.
Switzerland has a very dense rail network, both standard and narrow gauge. The overwhelming majority of railways, built between the mid-19th and early 20th century, are still in regular operation today and were electrified earlier than in the rest of Europe. The major exception is the partially rack and pinion-operated Furka Steam Railway, the longest unelectrified line in the country. However, numerous rail operators, notably SBB Historic, provide services with well-maintained historical rolling stock.

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List of heritage railroads in the United States,This is a list of heritage railroads in the United States.  There are currently no such railroads in the states of Mississippi or North Dakota.
List of lists of hotels,"This is a list of hotel-related list articles.

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List of motels,"This is a list of motels. A motel is lodging designed for motorists, and usually has a parking area for motor vehicles. Entering dictionaries after World War II, the word motel, coined in 1925 as a portmanteau of motor and hotel or motorists' hotel, referred initially to a type of hotel consisting of a single building of connected rooms whose doors faced a parking lot and, in some circumstances, a common area; or a series of small cabins with common parking. Several large motel chains exist, while conversely others are small businesses with one location that are privately owned. The first motel in the world is the Motel Inn of San Luis Obispo, California.Several historic motels are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation."
List of caravanserais,"A caravanserai was a roadside inn where caravans and travelers could rest overnight.
They are typically constructed around a central courtyard, can be used as markets and are found from North Africa and the Aegean to India and Western China-although the majority are found between Iran and Turkey. Hundreds of these structures were built over the centuries.

The following is a partial list:"
List of hotels in the Caribbean,"This is a list of hotels in the Caribbean.
Geographical note: The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean), and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America."
List of casino hotels,"This is a list of notable casino hotels. A casino hotel is an establishment consisting of a casino with temporary lodging provided in an on-premises hotel.

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List of chained-brand hotels,"This is the list of chain-branded hotels around the world. This is a listing of some of the major hotel brands worldwide. The hotel groups may directly own the hotels, or operate them through a franchise or management agreement.

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List of defunct hotel chains,"This is a list of defunct hotel chains. This list also includes defunct motel chains.

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List of largest hotels,"This is a list of hotels that have 3,000 or more guest accommodation rooms. Since 2020, the largest hotel in the world is the First World Hotel in Malaysia with 7,351 rooms divided between two buildings. The largest single hotel building is MGM Grand Las Vegas, with 5,124 rooms in one building.

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List of largest hotels in Europe,"This is a list of hotels in Europe that have 1000 or more guest accommodation rooms. Since 1980, the largest hotel in Europe is the Izmailovo Hotel in Moscow, Russia with 5,000 rooms divided between four buildings."
List of Marriott hotels,This is a list of hotels owned or managed by American hospitality company Marriott International.
List of historic hotels in Otago,"The following is a list of historic hotels in the New Zealand South Island Region of Otago.
Otago, which during the late nineteenth century was New Zealand's richest province (thanks to the Central Otago Gold Rush has a wealth of historic buildings, many of them originally dedicated to the accommodation and hospitality trade. The discovery of gold at Gabriel's Gully in 1861 led to a massive influx of fortune-seekers, and the resulting gold strikes created much prosperity in the young colony. The area around Queenstown, Cromwell, and Clyde grew rapidly, as did the provincial capital, Dunedin, and the port towns of Oamaru and Port Chalmers. Many of New Zealand's grandest Victorian buildings can be found in Otago as a result.
The following list is of buildings classified as Category I or II by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust located in Otago which served (or were intended to serve) much of their early history as accommodation or taverns. Note that in New Zealand English, the term ""hotel"" can refer to either a hostelry or to a public house, or — more commonly — to an establishment which serves both functions within the same building."
List of tallest hotels,"This is a list of the tallest buildings in the world that are wholly used as hotels. Some tall buildings are multi-use and have a hotel occupying the building's uppermost floors, such hotels are known as the highest hotels in the world. The world's highest hotel is the Rosewood Guangzhou located on the top floors of the 111-story Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre in China, soaring to 530 meters at its highest point."
Lists of restaurants,"This is an index of restaurant-related lists. A restaurant is a business establishment which prepares and serves food and drink to customers in return for money, either paid before the meal, after the meal, or with a running tab. Meals are generally served and eaten on premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery services. Restaurants vary greatly in appearance and offerings, including a wide variety of the main chef's cuisines and service models."
List of Ashkenazi Jewish restaurants,"Following is a list of Ashkenazi Jewish restaurants:

Attman's Delicatessen
Brent's Deli
Canter's
Caplansky's Delicatessen
D.Z. Akin's
Henry S. Levy and Sons
Katz's Deli, Houston
Katz's Delicatessen, New York City
Kenny & Zuke's Delicatessen
Langer's Deli
Loeb's NY Deli
Russ & Daughters
Yonah Schimmel's Knish Bakery"
List of barbecue restaurants,"This is a list of notable barbecue restaurants. Barbecue is a method and apparatus for char grilling food in the hot smoke of a wood fire, usually charcoal fueled. In the United States, to grill is to cook in this manner quickly, while barbecue is typically a much slower method utilizing less heat than grilling, attended to over an extended period of several hours. The term as a noun can refer to the meat, the cooking apparatus itself (the ""barbecue grill"" or simply ""barbecue"") or to the party that includes such food or such preparation methods. The term as an adjective can refer to foods cooked by this method. The term is also used as a verb for the act of cooking food in this manner. Barbecue has numerous regional variations in many parts of the world."
List of bars,"This is a list of notable bars, public houses and taverns. A bar is a retail business and drinking establishment that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks and often sell snack foods such as crisps or peanuts, for consumption on premises."
List of Basque restaurants,"Following is a list of notable Basque restaurants:

Aatxe, San Francisco, California, U.S.
Akelarre, San Sebastián, Spain
Biko, Mexico City, Mexico"
Biker bar,"A biker bar is a bar that is frequented by motorcyclists (bikers). Some are owned or managed by people who are friendly toward motorcyclists. Some bars and restaurants advertise that they are ""biker friendly"" to attract more bikers and motorcycle (bike) enthusiasts. Biker bars are patronized by people from all walks of life, including bikers, non-bikers, and motorcycle club adherents, including outlaw motorcycle clubs."
List of buffet restaurants,"This is a list of notable buffet restaurants. A buffet is a system of serving meals in which food is placed in a public area where the diners generally serve themselves. Buffets are offered at various places including hotels and many social events. Buffets usually have some hot dishes, so the term ""cold buffet"" (see Smörgåsbord) has been developed to describe formats lacking hot food."
List of cafeterias,"This is a list of cafeterias. A cafeteria is a type of food service location in which there is little or no waiting staff table service, whether a restaurant or within an institution such as a large office building or school; a school dining location is also referred to as a dining hall or canteen (in the UK, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries). Cafeterias are different from coffeehouses, although that is the Spanish meaning of the English word."
List of casual dining restaurant chains,"This is a list of casual dining restaurant chains around the world, arranged in alphabetical order. A casual dining restaurant is a restaurant that serves moderately priced food in a casual atmosphere. Except for buffet-style restaurants and, more recently, fast casual restaurants, casual dining restaurants usually provide table service.

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List of restaurant chains,The following is a list of restaurant chains.
List of chicken restaurants,"This is a list of notable chicken restaurants. This list includes casual dining, fast casual and fast food restaurants which typically specialize in chicken dishes such as fried chicken, chicken and waffles, Chicken sandwiches or chicken and biscuits."
List of coffeehouse chains,"This list of notable coffeehouse chains catalogues the spread and markets share of coffeehouses world-wide. This list excludes the many companies which operate coffeeshops within retail establishments, notably bookstores and department stores, or restaurants or convenience stores which also serve coffee. These chains frequently engage in coffee wars to gain brand and consumer market share. Starbucks, Dunkin', and Tim Hortons are the three largest coffee companies in the world, respectively. The largest coffee houses typically have substantial supply-chain relations with the world's major coffee-producing countries. They collectively wield prominent influence in global coffee economics by setting commodity prices, maintaining value chains, and supporting developing economics.

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List of defunct fast-food restaurant chains,"This is a list of defunct fast-food chains. A restaurant chain is a set of related restaurants with the same name in many different locations that are either under shared corporate ownership (e.g., McDonald's in the U.S.) or franchising agreements. Typically, the restaurants within a chain are built to a standard format through architectural prototype development and offer a standard menu and/or services."
List of defunct restaurants of the United States,Below is a list of defunct restaurants of the United States.
List of delicatessens,"This is a list of notable delicatessens. A delicatessen is a retail establishment that sells a selection of unusual or foreign prepared foods. Delicatessens originated in Germany during the 1700s. They later spread to the United States in the mid-1800s during the diaspora of European immigrants. Because of their cultural ties to Central and Eastern European culture, the Ashkenazi Jews popularized the delicatessen within American culture beginning in 1888."
List of diners,"This is a list of notable diners. A diner is a prefabricated restaurant building characteristic of American life. They are commonly found in New England, the Midwest, New York City, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and in other areas of the Northeastern United States, but they are not limited to these areas; examples can be found throughout the United States, Canada and parts of Western Europe. Diners are characterized by offering a wide range of foods, mostly American, a casual atmosphere, a counter, and late operating hours. Diners commonly stay open 24 hours a day, especially in cities, making them an essential part of urban culture, alongside bars and nightclubs.

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List of dinner theaters,"This is a list of dinner theaters. Dinner theater (sometimes called ""dinner and a show"") is a form of entertainment that combines a restaurant meal with a staged play or musical. Sometimes the play is incidental entertainment, secondary to the meal, in the style of a sophisticated night club or the play may be a major production with dinner less important and in some cases it is optional. Dinner theater requires the management of three distinct entities: a live theater, a restaurant, and usually a bar."
List of restaurant districts and streets,"This is a list of restaurant districts and streets. Restaurant districts and streets are sometimes referred to as ""restaurant row""."
List of doughnut shops,"Doughnut shops (also spelled donut shops) specialize in the preparation and retail sales of doughnuts. A doughnut is a type of fried dough pastry. The doughnut is popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty outlets. They are usually deep-fried from a flour dough, and typically either ring-shaped or without a hole and often filled."
List of drive-in restaurants,"A drive-in restaurant is one where a customer can drive in with an automobile for service. For example, customers park their vehicles and are usually served by staff who walk out to take orders and return with food, encouraging diners to remain parked while they eat. Often, the restaurant staff attach a serving tray to a window of the vehicle.
It is usually distinguished from a drive-through. At a drive-through restaurant, conversely, customers wait in a line and pass by one or more windows to order, pay, and receive their food."
List of fast food restaurant chains,"The following is a list of notable current and former fast food restaurant chains, as distinct from fast casual restaurants (see List of casual dining restaurant chains), coffeehouses (see List of coffeehouse chains), ice cream parlors (see List of ice cream parlor chains), and pizzerias (see List of pizza chains)."
List of the largest fast food restaurant chains,This is the list of the largest fast food restaurant chains by their number of locations in the world.
List of fast-food chains in Canada,"This is a list of notable fast-food chains in Canada. This list includes fast-food chains that are located in Canada, with the addition of those that are based or headquartered in other countries."
List of fish and chip restaurants,"This is a list of notable fish and chip restaurants which are renowned for, or whose main dish is, fish and chips. Fish and chips is a hot dish of English origin, consisting of battered fish, commonly Atlantic cod or haddock and deep-fried chips. It is a common take-away food. A common side dish is mushy peas.
A fish and chip shop, colloquially known as a 'chippy' in the UK and 'chipper' in Ireland, is an outlet that predominantly sells the English dish of fish and chips. It is usually a takeaway operation, although some have limited seating facilities."
List of restaurants owned or operated by Gordon Ramsay,"Gordon Ramsay is a British chef, restaurateur, writer, television personality and food critic. He currently owns and/or operates restaurants across Europe, North America and Asia.
Ramsay founded his first restaurant chain, Gordon Ramsay Restaurants, in 1997. He has owned and operated a series of restaurants since he first became head chef of Aubergine in 1993. He owned 25% of that restaurant, where he earned his first two Michelin stars. Following the dismissal of protege Marcus Wareing from sister restaurant L'Oranger, Ramsay organised a staff walkout from both restaurants and subsequently took them to open up Restaurant Gordon Ramsay, at Royal Hospital Road, London. His self-titled restaurant went on to become his first and only three Michelin star restaurant.Ramsay has installed a number of proteges in restaurants. Both Angela Hartnett and Jason Atherton worked at Verre before moving back to London to The Connaught and Maze respectively. Atherton left to open his own restaurant, and Hartnett purchased Murano from Ramsay in 2010. Wareing was made head chef of London based restaurant, Pétrus. It went on to win two Michelin stars, but in 2008 the two chefs fell out when Wareing kept the restaurant premises and the stars, while Ramsay received rights to the name. The restaurant was renamed Marcus Wareing at the Berkeley, while in 2010 the new Pétrus by Gordon Ramsay was opened.Ramsay launched a series of Hell's Kitchen-themed restaurants based on the show he's hosted. The first Gordon Ramsay Hell's Kitchen restaurant location opened in front of Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip in January 2018. Ramsay has also created other chains."
List of hamburger restaurants,"This is a list of notable hamburger restaurants. A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat (usually beef) usually placed inside a sliced hamburger bun. Hamburgers are often served with lettuce, bacon, tomato, onion, pickles, cheese, and condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, and relish. This list includes restaurants and fast food restaurants that primarily serve hamburgers and related food items."
List of restaurants in Hawaii,This is a list of notable restaurants in Hawaii.
List of hot dog restaurants,"This is a list of notable restaurants that specialize in hot dogs.This list includes restaurants, fast food restaurants and hot dog stands that primarily serve hot dogs and related food items. A hot dog stand is a food business stand that sells hot dogs from an external counter on a public thoroughfare."
List of ice cream parlor chains,"This is a list of notable ice cream parlor chains. Ice cream parlors are places that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet and/or frozen yogurt to consumers. Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato and soft serve, which is typically dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g. chocolate, vanilla, and a mix of the two). It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer several ice cream flavors and items."
List of Jewish delis,"This is a list of notable Jewish delis. A Jewish deli is a type of restaurant serving pastrami on rye, corned beef sandwiches, and other sandwiches as well as various salads such as tuna salad and potato salad, side dishes such as latkes and kugel, and desserts such as black and white cookies and rugelach, as well as other dishes found in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine. Jewish delis may serve kosher or kosher-style food. In the case of kosher-style delis, they also offer dairy and meat together even though this is against Jewish dietary law. It is these Jewish delis which serve Reuben sandwiches and noodle kugel, among other dishes.Ashkenazi Jews brought the deli to North America and most popularized it within American culture."
List of kosher restaurants,"This is a list of notable kosher restaurants. A kosher restaurant is an establishment that serves food that complies with Jewish dietary laws (kashrut). These businesses, which also include diners, cafés, pizzerias, fast food, and cafeterias, and are frequently in listings together with kosher bakeries, butchers, caterers, and other similar places, differ from kosher-style establishments, which offer traditionally Jewish foods made from non-kosher ingredients (i.e., Katz's Delicatessen is kosher-style, meaning they sell all-beef frankfurters made from non-kosher beef).
Kosher restaurants typically operate under rabbinical supervision, which requires that kashrut, as well as certain other Jewish laws, must be observed."
List of restaurants in the Las Vegas Valley,"This is an incomplete list of notable restaurants in the Las Vegas Valley. The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area located in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada. The largest urban agglomeration in the state, it is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise-Henderson, NV MSA. A number of restaurants in Las Vegas are in casinos or hotels."
List of African restaurants,"The following notable restaurants serve African cuisine:

Abyssinian Kitchen – Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Akadi – Portland, Oregon
Queen of Sheba – Portland, Oregon"
List of Black-owned restaurants,"Following is a list of notable Black-owned restaurants, sorted by location (of headquarters in cases of chains):"
La Liste,"La Liste which initially was a list of the 1,000 best restaurants in the world is privately owned and was launched in Paris in December 2015. This French ranking and restaurants guide nowadays lists 20,000 restaurants in 195 countries by aggregating over 700 guides and publication and is often cited as the reply to British published gastronomic guide World’s 50 Best Restaurants. La Liste guide and results are available on laliste.com and through La Liste app (iOS and Android)
Founder of La Liste, Ambassador Philippe Faure, was previously CEO of Gault & Millau, and former Head of the French Tourist Board, and served as Ambassador of France to Japan from 2007 to 2011, to Mexico and to Morocco. Corporate sponsors of La Liste include Moët Hennessy, American Express, ABInbev, Marché International de Rungis and Accor Hotels."
List of Louisiana Creole restaurants,"Following is a list of notable Louisiana Creole restaurants:

Acadia: A New Orleans Bistro, Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Antoine's, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Arnaud's, New Orleans
Brennan's, New Orleans
Broussard's, New Orleans
Café du Monde, New Orleans
Eat: An Oyster Bar, Portland, Oregon
Galatoire's, New Orleans
Mosca's
The Parish, Portland, Oregon
Upperline Restaurant"
List of New American restaurants,"Following is a list of New American restaurants:

Al's Place, San Francisco, California
Alberta Street Pub, Portland, Oregon
Avery, San Francisco
Aviary, Portland, Oregon
Benu, San Francisco
Betony, New York City
Boka, Chicago, Illinois
Boulevard, San Francisco
Brix Tavern, Portland, Oregon
Buddakan
Canlis, Seattle, Washington
The Carlile Room, Seattle
Coastal Kitchen, Seattle
Coopers Hall Winery and Taproom, Portland, Oregon
Copine, Seattle
Crofton on Wells, Chicago
Dockside Saloon and Restaurant, Portland, Oregon
Elements, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.
Elske, Chicago
The Four Seasons Restaurant, New York City
Goldfinch Tavern, Seattle
Gramercy Tavern, New York City
Hattie's Hat, Seattle
Harvest Moon Cafe
Jory Restaurant, Newberg, Oregon
King's Carriage House
Kinkead's
Lark, Seattle
Laurelhurst Market, Portland, Oregon
Lazy Susan, Portland, Oregon
The Lobby, Chicago
Lost Lake Cafe and Lounge, Seattle
Mas
The Misfit, Santa Monica, California
Moody Tongue, Chicago
Oddfellows Cafe and Bar, Seattle
OK Omens, Portland, Oregon
One If By Land, Two If By Sea, New York City
Oriole, Chicago
Oxalis, New York City
Park Grill, Chicago
Per Se, New York City
Poppy, Seattle
Quaintrelle, Portland, Oregon
Radar, Portland, Oregon
Radio Room, Portland, Oregon
Reverie, Washington, D.C.
Schwa, Chicago
Sepia
Skillet Street Food, Seattle
SkyCity, Seattle
Stars, San Francisco
Swank and Swine, Portland, Oregon
Tasty n Daughters, Portland, Oregon
Union Square Cafe, New York City
wd~50
White Swan Public House, Seattle
Wildwood, Portland, Oregon
Woodberry Kitchen
Workshop Kitchen + Bar"
List of restaurants in New Jersey,The following is a list of current and former restaurants in the U.S. state of New Jersey:
List of noodle restaurants,"This is a list of notable noodle restaurants, which are restaurants that specialize in noodle dishes.

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List of the oldest restaurants in the United States,"This list of the oldest restaurants in the United States includes currently operating restaurants that were founded before 1900. Most of the establishments are located in the Northeastern United States, many of them predate the Civil War, and a handful predate the Revolutionary War."
List of oyster bars,"This is a list of notable oyster bars. An oyster bar is a restaurant specializing in serving oysters, or a section of a restaurant which serves oysters buffet-style. In France, the oyster bar is known as bar à huîtres. Oysters have been consumed since ancient times and were common tavern food in Europe, but the oyster bar as a distinct restaurant began making an appearance in the 1700s."
List of Pacific Northwest restaurants,"Following is a list of notable restaurants known for serving Pacific Northwest cuisine:

Beast, Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Canlis, Seattle
Clarklewis, Portland, Oregon
Dahlia Lounge, Seattle
Dóttir (2019–2022), Portland, Oregon
Fenouil, Portland, Oregon
The Herbfarm, Woodinville, Washington
Jacqueline (2016–present), Portland, Oregon
Lincoln Restaurant (2008–2017), Portland, Oregon
Lovely Hula Hands (2009–2013), Portland, Oregon
MÄS, Ashland, Oregon
Ned Ludd, Portland, Oregon
Off Alley, Seattle
Palace Kitchen, Seattle
Paley's Place (1995–2021), Portland, Oregon
Produce Row Café, Portland, Oregon
Radar (2012–2022), Portland, Oregon
SkyCity, Seattle
Wildwood, Portland, Oregon"
List of pancake houses,"This is a list of notable pancake houses. A pancake house is a restaurant that specializes in breakfast items such as pancakes, waffles, and omelettes, among other items.  Many small, independent pancake houses, as well as large corporations and franchises, use the terminology in their establishment names. They are most commonly found in Canada and the United States."
List of pizza chains,"This list of pizza chains includes notable pizzerias and pizza chains. Pizza is a dish of Neapolitan origin and cuisine, made with an oven-baked, flat, generally round bread that is often covered with tomatoes or a tomato-based sauce and mozzarella cheese. Other toppings are added according to region, culture, or personal preference.
A restaurant or takeout where pizzas are made and sold as main food is called a pizzeria (Italian pronunciation: [pittseˈriːa]) or simply “pizza parlor” in English. The term pizza pie is a (mainly American) dialectal, and pie is used for simplicity in some contexts, such as among pizzeria staff."
List of pizza chains of the United States,"This is a list of pizza chains of the United States. This list is limited to pizza chain restaurants that are based, headquartered or originated in the United States."
List of Canadian pizza chains,This is a list of notable Canadian pizza chains. This list is limited to pizza chain restaurants that are based in or originated in Canada:
List of pizza franchises,This is a list of pizza restaurant franchises. Franchising is the practice of the right to use a firm's successful business model and brand for a prescribed period of time.
List of pizzerias in Australia,This is a list of notable pizzerias in Australia.
List of revolving restaurants,The following is a list of revolving restaurants. A revolving restaurant is usually a tower restaurant designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that operates as a large turntable. The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on the revolving floor.
List of restaurants in Rhode Island,
List of seafood restaurants,"The following is a list of notable seafood restaurants. A seafood restaurant typically specializes in seafood cuisine and seafood dishes, such as fish and shellfish."
List of soul food restaurants,"Following is a list of notable soul food restaurants:

Charles' Southern Style Kitchen, New York City
Communion Restaurant and Bar, Seattle, Washington
Delta Cafe, Portland, Oregon
Erica's Soul Food, Portland, Oregon
Everybody Eats PDX, Portland, Oregon
Fair Deal Cafe, North Omaha, Nebraska
H&H Restaurant, Macon, Georgia
Jackson's Catfish Corner, Seattle
Kee's Loaded Kitchen, Portland, Oregon
Mama Lo's, Gainesville, Florida
Reo's Ribs, Portland, Oregon
Roscoe's House of Chicken and Waffles
Screen Door, Portland, Oregon
Sylvia's Restaurant of Harlem, New York City
Wash's Restaurant, Atlantic City, New Jersey"
List of Southern restaurants,"Following is a list of notable restaurants known for serving cuisine of the Southern United States:

Acadia: A New Orleans Bistro, Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Baes Fried Chicken, Portland, Oregon
Big Spring Cafe
Biscuit Bitch, Seattle
Bridges Cafe (1994–2020), Portland, Oregon
CHAR No.4
The Country Cat, Portland, Oregon
Country Cookin
Cracker Barrel
Crook's Corner
Delta Cafe (1995), Portland, Oregon
Dirty Lettuce (2020), Portland, Oregon
Erica's Soul Food (2020), Portland, Oregon
Hatchet Hall, Los Angeles
Jackson's Catfish Corner, Seattle
JuneBaby, Seattle
Lambert's Cafe
Mary Mac's Tea Room
Nacheaux, West Linn, Oregon (previously Portland, Oregon)
Screen Door, Portland, Oregon
Smithfields Restaurant and Bar, Ashland, Oregon
Upperline Restaurant
Willie's Place
Yonder (2019–2022), Portland, Oregon"
List of steakhouses,The following are lists of notable steakhouses.
List of submarine sandwich restaurants,"A submarine sandwich, also known as a sub, wedge, hoagie, gyro, grinder, baguette, or one of many regional naming variations, is a sandwich that consists of a long roll of Italian or French bread, split widthwise either into two pieces or opened in a ""V"" on one side, and filled with a variety of meats, cheeses, vegetables, seasonings, and sauces. The sandwich has no standardized name, and many U.S. regions have their own names for it."
List of supper clubs,"This is a list of supper clubs. A supper club is a traditional dining establishment that also functions as a social club. The term may describe different establishments depending on the region, but in general, supper clubs tend to present themselves as having a high-class image, even if the price is affordable to all. A newer usage of the term supper club has emerged, referring to underground restaurants.
Supper clubs are more formal than casual restaurants and bars."
List of sushi restaurants,"Sushi is a Japanese food composed of specially prepared vinegared rice combined with varied ingredients such as (chiefly) seafood (often uncooked), vegetables, egg, and occasionally tropical fruits. Styles of sushi and its presentation vary widely, but the key ingredient is sushi rice, also referred to as shari or sumeshi. Numerous traditions surround not only the preparation of sushi, but also its service and consumption. Internationally, sushi has become iconic of Japanese cuisine and is popular in many countries.

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List of teahouses,"This is a list of teahouses. A teahouse is an establishment which primarily serves tea and other light refreshments. Sometimes the meal is also called ""tea"". Although its function varies widely depending on the culture, teahouses often serve as centers of social interaction, like coffeehouses.  Some cultures have a variety of distinct tea-centered houses of different types that all qualify under the English language term ""teahouse"" or ""tearoom"". For example, the British or American tearoom serves afternoon tea with a variety of small cakes."
List of Tex-Mex restaurants,"Following is a list of notable restaurants known for serving Tex-Mex:

Baja Fresh
Bridges Cafe, Portland, Oregon, U.S.
BurritoVille
Chapultepec Lupita, Houston, Texas, U.S.
Chi-Chi's
Chili's
Don Pablo's
Esparza's, Portland, Oregon, U.S.
La Bamba Mexican Restaurant
La Salsa
Maggie Rita's, Houston, Texas, U.S.
Magnolia Cafe, Austin, Texas, U.S.
Molina's Cantina, Houston, Texas, U.S.
Nacho Borracho, Seattle
Ninfa's
Pancho Villa (restaurant)
The Goose, Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Tia's Tex-Mex
Tijuana Flats
Tortilla Coast, Washington, D.C., U.S."
Theme restaurant,"A theme restaurant is a type of restaurant that uses theming to attract diners by creating a memorable experience. Theme restaurants have a unifying or dominant subject or concept, and utilize architecture, decor, special effects, and other techniques, often to create exotic environments that are not normally associated with dining because they are inaccessible, no longer exist, are fictional or supernatural, or taboo. The theme may be further extended through the naming and choices of food, though food is usually secondary to entertaining guests.

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List of restaurant districts and streets in the United States,"This is a list of notable restaurant districts and streets in the United States. Restaurant districts and streets are sometimes referred to as ""restaurant row""."
List of vegetarian restaurants,"This is a list of vegetarian and vegan restaurants. Vegetarian cuisine refers to food that meets vegetarian standards by not including meat and animal tissue products. For lacto-ovo vegetarianism (the most common type of vegetarianism in the Western world), eggs and dairy products such as milk and cheese are permitted. For lacto vegetarianism, the earliest known type of vegetarianism (recorded in India), dairy products are permitted but eggs are not. The strictest forms of vegetarianism are veganism, raw veganism, and fruitarianism, which exclude all animal products, including dairy products as well as eggs and even some refined sugars if filtered and whitened with bone char.

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List of largest cruise ships,"Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly for vacationing. Unlike ocean liners, they typically embark on round-trip voyages to various ports of call, where passengers may go on tours known as ""shore excursions"". They may carry thousands of passengers in a single trip, and are some of the largest ships in the world by gross tonnage (GT), bigger than many cargo ships. Cruise ships started to exceed ocean liners in size and capacity in the mid-1990s; before then, few were more than 50,000 GT. In the decades since the size of the largest vessels has more than doubled. There have been nine or more new cruise ships added every year since 2001, most of which are 100,000 GT or greater. In the two decades between 1988 and 2009, the largest cruise ships grew a third longer (268 m to 360 m), almost doubled their widths (32.2 m to 60.5 m), doubled the total passengers (2,744 to 5,400), and tripled in volume (73,000 GT to 225,000 GT). As of January 2022, the largest cruise ship, Wonder of the Seas, has a gross tonnage of 236,857, is 362 metres (1,188 ft) long, 64 metres (210 ft) wide, and holds up to 6,988 passengers.Cruise ships are organized much like floating hotels, with a complete hospitality staff in addition to the usual ship's crew. Modern cruise ships after the Titanic don't sacrifice any  seaworthiness, while adding innovative amenities to cater to nautical tourists, with recent vessels being described as ""balcony-laden floating condominiums"". The ""megaships"" went from a single deck with verandas to all decks with verandas, and feature ameneties such as theaters, fine-dining and chain restaurants, spas, fitness centers, casinos, sports facilities, and even amusement park attractions.Cruise ships require electricity for powering both hotel services and for propulsion. Cruise ships are designed with all the heavy machinery at the bottom of the ship and lightweight materials at the top, making them inherently stable even as ship designs are getting taller and taller, and most passenger ships utilize stabilizer fins to further reduce rolling of tall ships in heavy weather. While some cruise ships use traditional fixed propellers and rudders to steer, most larger ships use propellers that can swivel left and right to steer the ship, known as azimuth thrusters, which allow even the largest ship designs to have adequate maneuverability.Cruise ships are operated by cruise lines, which are companies that market cruises to the public. In the 1990s, many cruise lines were bought by much larger holding companies and continue to operate as brands or subsidiaries of the holding company. For instance, Carnival Corporation & plc owns both the mass-market Carnival Cruise Line, focused on larger party ships for younger travelers, and Holland America Line, whose smaller ships cultivate an image of classic elegance. The common practice in the cruise industry in ship sales and orders is to list the smaller operating company, not the larger holding corporation, as the recipient cruise line of the ship."
List of largest domes,"A dome is a self-supporting structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.
Every dome in the world which was the largest dome of its time is listed below. The defining criterion is in each case the inner diameter of the largest circular cross-section of the dome.
This list excludes dome-shaped structures that are not self-supporting such as The O2 in London which is 365 m (1,198 ft) in diameter and supported by masts."
List of the largest fast food restaurant chains,This is the list of the largest fast food restaurant chains by their number of locations in the world.
List of flagpoles by height,"This list of flagpoles by height includes completed flagpoles which are either free–standing or supported, excluding the height of any pedestal (plinth), building, or other base platform which may elevate them. Due to the list's incomplete nature, flagpoles shorter than 120 m (390 ft) are not ranked."
List of largest hotels,"This is a list of hotels that have 3,000 or more guest accommodation rooms. Since 2020, the largest hotel in the world is the First World Hotel in Malaysia with 7,351 rooms divided between two buildings. The largest single hotel building is MGM Grand Las Vegas, with 5,124 rooms in one building.

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List of largest hotels in Europe,"This is a list of hotels in Europe that have 1000 or more guest accommodation rooms. Since 1980, the largest hotel in Europe is the Izmailovo Hotel in Moscow, Russia with 5,000 rooms divided between four buildings."
List of tallest hotels,"This is a list of the tallest buildings in the world that are wholly used as hotels. Some tall buildings are multi-use and have a hotel occupying the building's uppermost floors, such hotels are known as the highest hotels in the world. The world's highest hotel is the Rosewood Guangzhou located on the top floors of the 111-story Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre in China, soaring to 530 meters at its highest point."
List of world's largest lakes,
List of most-visited museums,"This is a list of the most-visited museums in the world, per annual attendance statistics. Presently, this list uses attendance statistics for 2022.
Total museum attendance in 2022 continued to recover from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, although attendance for most museums remained lower than before 2020. Among the top 100 art museums, total attendance in 2022 was 141 million visitors, double the number in 2021 and three times the number for 2020, but still well below the 2019 figure of 230 million visitors."
List of most-visited museums by region,"This is a list of the most visited museums in each region in 2022, based upon the annual reports of museum attendance from the Art Newspaper Review, and from official national sources. If 2022 figures are not available, earlier figures are shown, with the year indicated."
List of most visited museums in the Netherlands,"The list of most visited museums in the Netherlands contains the museums in the Netherlands with more than 250,000 visitors per year. Thirteen of these museums are located in Amsterdam, the country's capital."
List of most visited museums in the United Kingdom,This article lists the most visited museums in the United Kingdom (including art galleries). The first twenty museums show the 2022 attendance numbers of the members of the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions unless otherwise noted.
List of largest art museums,"Art museums are some of the largest buildings in the world. The world's most pre-eminent museums have also engaged in various expansion projects through the years, expanding their total exhibition space.

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List of most-visited art museums,"The primary source for 2022 figures  is The Art Newspaper ""Visitors Survey 2022"", published in March 2023 and updated periodically, as well as annual national museum surveys in France, the UK, and other countries.
Total attendance in the top one hundred art museums in 2022 was 141 million visitors, double the number in 2021 and three times the number for 2020, but still well below the 2019 figure of 230 million visitors.Visitorship numbers for museums in mainland China are traditionally released by the government in May each year, several months after the publication of The Art Newspaper's list. Museums in China included on the 2021 list are noted at the bottom of this list with the prior year's statistics and will be incorporated into the main listings when 2022 statistics are released.

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List of most-visited museums in the United States,"This is a list of the most-visited museums in the United States in 2022. It is based upon the annual survey of museum attendance by the Art Newspaper published in March 2023, the TEA-AECOM Museum survey, published in June 2023, and annual reports from the Smithsonian Institution.
The figures in this survey show the diminishing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which had caused all of the museums on the list to be closed for long periods of time, and which greatly reduced tourism to the United States. Attendance at the museums listed in the TEA-AECOM Museum Index published in 2023 showed an increase of 70 percent over 2019 levels, but was still only 60 percent of pre-COVID attendance."
List of most visited palaces and monuments,"This is a list of the most visited national monuments, including palaces, historical monuments and historic sites. It does not include churches, religious shrines and pilgrimage sites. Sources used to compile the list include an annual survey of the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (ALVA) in the United Kingdom; the U.S. National Park Service list of National Monuments, Patrimonio Nacional of Spain, and the French and Russian Ministries of Culture."
List of largest protected areas,"The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is compiled and managed by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, an executive agency of the United Nations Environment Programme. It uses the IUCN and CBD definitions of protected areas to determine whether a site should be included in the WDPA. The extent to which each area and the resources within are protected can vary significantly.
The largest protected areas – those exceeding an area of 250,000 square kilometres – are listed below in order of total area protected. All are marine protected areas except for Northeast Greenland National Park – which is mostly terrestrial but also has a marine component – and three entirely terrestrial biosphere reserves in Brazil. Protected areas with multiple coterminous or overlapping designations (e.g. Northeast Greenland National Park and the corresponding Biosphere Reserve) are listed only once.
Currently, Marae Moana is the largest protected area in the world with a total area larger than Mexico (1,964,375 km2)."
List of largest roadside attractions,This is a list of verifiably notable roadside attractions.
List of tallest Hindu deity statues,"This list of tallest Hindu statues includes completed statues that are at least 4 m (13 ft) tall. The height values in this list are measured to the highest part of the murti, but exclude the height of any pedestal (plinth), or other base platform as well as any mast, spire, or other structure that extends higher than the tallest figure in the monument.
The definition of statue for this list is a free-standing sculpture (as opposed to a relief), representing one or more people or animals (real or mythical), in their entirety or partially (such as a bust). Heights stated are those of the statue itself and (separately) the total height of the monument that includes structures the statue is standing on or holding. Monuments that contain statues are included in this list only if the statue fulfills these and the height criteria."
List of tallest statues,"This list of tallest statues includes completed statues that are at least 50 m (160 ft) tall. The height values in this list are measured to the highest part of the human (or animal) figure, but exclude the height of any pedestal (plinth), or other base platform as well as any mast, spire, or other structure that extends higher than the tallest figure in the monument.
The definition of statue for this list is a free-standing sculpture (as opposed to a relief), representing one or more people or animals (real or mythical), in their entirety or partially (such as a bust). Heights stated are those of the statue itself and (separately) the total height of the monument that includes structures the statue is standing on or holding. Monuments that contain statues are included in this list only if the statue fulfills these and the height criteria.

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Aburi Botanical Gardens,"Aburi Botanical Gardens is a garden in Aburi in the Eastern Region of Ghana. 
Today, in the 21st century, one cannot talk about horticulture in Ghana and West Africa without talking about the Aburi Botanical Gardens. The Garden occupies an area of 64.8 hectares. It was opened in March 1890 and was founded by Governor William Brandford-Griffith and Dr. John Farrell Easmon, a Sierra Leonean medical doctor. Before the garden was established, it was the site of a sanatorium built in 1875 for Gold Coast government officials. During the governorship of William Brandford-Griffith, a Basel missionary and Jamaican Moravian, Alexander Worthy Clerk, supervised the clearing of land around the sanatorium to start the Botanic Department. In 1890 William Crowther, a student from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, was appointed the garden's first curator. The gardens played an important role in encouraging cocoa production in South Ghana, by supplying cheap cocoa seedlings and information about scientific farming methods. After Hevea brasiliensis was sent to Aburi from Kew in 1893, the gardens also encouraged rubber production in Ghana.In May 2019, the chief of Aburi, Otoobour Djan Kwasi II, called for the privatization of the Aburi Botanical Gardens. He was of the view that it was going to be an opportunity to invite investment to the tourist facility. He said the private investment could revitalize the Gardens and enhance its tourism potential to improve business in the area. 
Aburi Botanic Garden has had many roles over the years including plant introduction and teaching scientific methods of agriculture but today is one of the many institutions leading the fight to save plant diversity through research, growing endangered plants, plant multiplication, horticultural training, and environmental education."
African Bush Camps,"African Bush Camps is an Africa-based safari company. It was founded in 2006 by a Zimbabwean safari guide Beks Ndlovu, a safari guide born and raised in the village of Lupane."
Beach hut,"A beach hut (also known as a beach cabin, beach box or bathing box) is a small, usually wooden and often brightly coloured, box above the high tide mark on popular bathing beaches. They are generally used as a shelter from the sun or wind, changing into and out of swimming attire and for the safe storing of some personal belongings. Some beach huts incorporate simple facilities for preparing food and hot drinks by either bottled gas or occasionally mains electricity."
Budgetplaces,"Budgetplaces is an online travel agency (OTA) that offers low-cost accommodation. As of April 2012, Budgetplaces was working with over 10,000 budget hotels, hostels, bed-and-breakfasts and apartments in more than 100 countries worldwide."
Coaching inn,"The coaching inn (also coaching house or staging inn) was a vital part of Europe's inland transport infrastructure until the development of the railway, providing a resting point (layover) for people and horses. The inn served the needs of travellers, for food, drink, and rest. The attached stables, staffed by hostlers, cared for the horses, including changing a tired team for a fresh one. Coaching inns were used by private travellers in their coaches, the public riding stagecoaches between one town and another, and (in England at least) the mail coach. Just as with roadhouses in other countries, although many survive, and some still offer overnight accommodation, in general coaching inns have lost their original function and now operate as ordinary pubs.
Coaching inns stabled teams of horses for stagecoaches and mail coaches and replaced tired teams with fresh teams. In America, stage stations performed these functions. Traditionally English coaching inns were seven miles apart but this depended very much on the terrain. Some English towns had as many as ten such inns and rivalry between them was intense, not only for the income from the stagecoach operators but for the revenue for food and drink supplied to the passengers. Barnet, Hertfordshire still has an unusually high number of historic pubs along its high street due to its former position on the Great North Road from London to the North of England."
Foster's Log Cabin Court,"Foster's Log Cabin Court (now the Log Cabin Motor Court) is located at 330-332 Weaverville Road in Woodfin, North Carolina, about five miles north of the City of Asheville. One of the first auto-oriented tourism facilities in the Asheville area, it features a number of one and two bedroom Rustic Revival log cabins and a dining lodge. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.  

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Holiday cottage,"A holiday cottage, holiday home, vacation home, or vacation property is accommodation used for holiday vacations, corporate travel, and temporary housing often for less than 30 days.  Such properties are typically small homes, such as cottages, that travelers can rent and enjoy as if it were their own home for the duration of their stay.  The properties may be owned by those using them for a vacation, in which case the term second home applies; or may be rented out to holidaymakers through an agency.
Terminology varies among countries.  In the United Kingdom this type of property is usually termed a holiday home or holiday cottage; in Australia, a holiday house/home, or weekender; in New Zealand, a bach or crib."
Home exchange,"Home exchange, also known as house swapping, is a form of lodging in which two parties agree to offer each other homestays  for a set period of time. Since no monetary exchange takes place, it is a form of barter, collaborative consumption, and sharing. Home exchange can cover any type of residence including apartments, houses, holiday cottages, boats, or recreational vehicles. It can include an exchange of the entire home or just a room. The length of the swap can vary from a weekend to over a year. The swap can be simultaneous or non simultaneous. Home exchanges are usually arranged via specific types of social networking services, most of which charge a fee.Like all homestays, home exchanges offer several advantages over hotel lodging, including a lower cost and opportunities for cultural diplomacy and friendship.Some networks offer the ability to collect a security deposit.Summer is traditionally the peak season for house swapping, as families travel during school breaks.

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Homestay,"Homestay (also home stay and home-stay) is a form of hospitality and lodging whereby visitors share a residence with a local of the area (host) to which they are traveling. The length of stay can vary from one night to over a year and can be provided for free (gift economy), in exchange for monetary compensation, in exchange for a stay at the guest's property either simultaneously or at another time (home exchange), or in exchange for housekeeping or work on the host's property (barter economy). Homestays are examples of collaborative consumption and the sharing economy. Homestays are used by travelers; students who study abroad or participate in student exchange programs; and au pairs, who provide child care assistance and light household duties. They can be arranged via certain social networking services, online marketplaces, or academic institutions. Social networking services where hosts offer homestays for free are called hospitality exchange services.

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Hostel,"A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory, with shared use of a lounge and sometimes a kitchen. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex and have private or shared bathrooms. Private rooms may also be available, but the property must offer dormitories to be considered a hostel. Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers. They are part of the sharing economy. Benefits of hostels include lower costs and opportunities to meet people from different places, find travel partners, and share travel ideas. Some hostels, such as in India or Hostelling International, cater to a niche market of travelers. For example, one hostel might feature in-house social gatherings such as movie nights or communal dinners, another might feature local tours, one might be known for its parties, and another might have a quieter place to relax in serenity, or be located on the beach. Newer hostels focus on a more trendy design interior, some of which are on par with boutique hotels. Some may cater to older digital nomads, global nomads, and perpetual travelers that prefer slightly more upmarket private rooms or a quieter atmosphere. 
Many hostels are locally owned and operated, and are often cheaper for both the operator and occupants than hotels. Hostels may offer long-term lodging to guests for free or at a discount in exchange for work as a receptionist or in housekeeping.
There are approximately 10,000 hostels in Europe and approximately 300 hostels in the United States. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. 
In addition to shared kitchen facilities, some hostels have a restaurant and/or bar. Washing machines and clothes dryers are often provided for an additional fee. Hostels sometimes have entryways for storing gear. Most hostels offer lockers for safely storing valuables. Some bare-bones hostels do not provide linens. Some hostels may have a curfew and daytime lockouts, and some, albeit few, require occupants to do chores apart from washing and drying after food preparation. 
A mobile hostel is a temporary hostel that can take the form of a campsite, bus, van, or a short-term arrangement in a permanent building. They have been used at large festivals or trips where there is a shortage of lodging. 
In some cities, hostels reported a higher average income per room than hotels. For example, in Honolulu, Hawaii, upscale hotels reported average daily room rates of $173 in 2006, while hostel rooms brought in as much as $200 per night, for rooms of eight guests paying $25 each. Even during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, many hostels reported increased occupancy numbers at a time when hotel bookings were down. 
A 2013 study in Australia showed that youth travel was the fastest-growing travel demographic and that the hostel industry was growing at a faster rate than the hotel industry. It showed that youth travel can lead to higher overall spending due to longer trips than traditional vacations. In New Zealand, backpackers hostels had a 13.5% share of lodging guests/nights in 2007."
Hotel,"A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator, and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat-screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, a business center with computers, printers, and other office equipment, childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa, and social function services. Hotel rooms are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated rooms. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In Japan, capsule hotels provide a tiny room suitable only for sleeping and shared bathroom facilities.
The precursor to the modern hotel was the inn of medieval Europe. For a period of about 200 years from the mid-17th century, coaching inns served as a place for lodging for coach travelers. Inns began to cater to wealthier clients in the mid-18th century. One of the first hotels in a modern sense was opened in Exeter in 1768. Hotels proliferated throughout Western Europe and North America in the early 19th century, and luxury hotels began to spring up in the later part of the 19th century, paricularly in the United States.
Hotel operations vary in size, function, complexity, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies have set industry standards to classify hotel types. An upscale full-service hotel facility offers luxury amenities, full-service accommodations, an on-site restaurant, and the highest level of personalized service, such as a concierge, room service, and clothes-ironing staff. Full-service hotels often contain upscale full-service facilities with many full-service accommodations, an on-site full-service restaurant, and a variety of on-site amenities. Boutique hotels are smaller independent, non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments offer a limited amount of on-site amenities. Economy hotels are small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer basic accommodations with little to no services. Extended stay hotels are small to medium-sized hotels that offer longer-term full-service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel.
Timeshare and destination clubs are a form of property ownership involving ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage. A motel is a small-sized low-rise lodging with direct access to individual rooms from the car parking area. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with a unique environment or intimate setting. A number of hotels and motels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture. Some hotels are built specifically as destinations in themselves, for example casinos and holiday resorts.
Most hotel establishments are run by a general manager who serves as the head executive (often referred to as the ""hotel manager""), department heads who oversee various departments within a hotel (e.g., food service), middle managers, administrative staff, and line-level supervisors. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by hotel size, function and class, and is often determined by hotel ownership and managing companies."
Houseboat,"A houseboat is a boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily for regular dwelling. Most houseboats are not motorized as they are usually moored or kept stationary at a fixed point, and often tethered to land to provide utilities. However, many are capable of operation under their own power. Float house is a Canadian and American term for a house on a float (raft); a rough house may be called a shanty boat. In Western countries, houseboats tend to be either owned privately or rented out to holiday-goers, and on some canals in Europe, people dwell in houseboats all year round. Examples of this include, but are not limited to, Amsterdam, London, and Paris."
Lodging,"Lodging refers to the use of a short-term dwelling, usually by renting the living space or sometimes through some other arrangement. People who travel and stay away from home for more than a day need lodging for sleep, rest, food, safety, shelter from cold temperatures or rain, storage of luggage and access to common household functions. Lodging is a form of the sharing economy.
Lodging is done in a hotel, motel, hostel, inn or hostal, a private home (commercial, i.e. a bed and breakfast, a guest house, a vacation rental, or non-commercially, as in certain homestays or the home of friends), in a tent, caravan/campervan (often on a campsite). Lodgings may be self-catering, whereby no food is provided, but cooking facilities are available.
Lodging is offered by an owner of real property or a leasehold estate, including the hotel industry, hospitality industry, real estate investment trusts, and owner-occupancy houses.
Lodging can be facilitated by an intermediary such as a travel website."
Microstay,"Microstays are residency periods in a hotel room of less than a full night stay, choosing the check-in time and length of the stay in hours. Although such short stays have not been commonly offered by mainstream hotels in the Western hospitality industry, doing so emerged as a trend in the World Travel Market Global Trends Report 2013. Bookings for less than a full night stay became more popular in Europe as a way to increase revenue by offering greater flexibility. By offering microstays, hotels can take advantage of their available inventory and sometimes sell the same room twice in a day."
Motel,"A motel, also known as a motor hotel, motor inn or motor lodge, is a hotel designed for motorists, usually having each room entered directly from the parking area for motor vehicles rather than through a central lobby. Entering dictionaries after World War II, the word motel, coined as a portmanteau of ""motor hotel"", originates from the Milestone Mo-Tel of San Luis Obispo, California (now called the Motel Inn of San Luis Obispo), which was built in 1925. The term referred to a type of hotel consisting of a single building of connected rooms whose doors faced a parking lot and in some circumstances, a common area or a series of small cabins with common parking. Motels are often individually owned, though motel chains do exist.
As large highway systems began to be developed in the 1920s, long-distance road journeys became more common, and the need for inexpensive, easily accessible overnight accommodation sites close to the main routes led to the growth of the motel concept. Motels peaked in popularity in the 1960s with rising car travel, only to decline in response to competition from the newer chain hotels that became commonplace at highway interchanges as traffic was bypassed onto newly constructed freeways. Several historic motels are listed on the US National Register of Historic Places."
Roadhouse (premises),"A roadhouse (Australia and the United States) or stopping house (Canada) is a small mixed-use premises typically built on or near a major road in a sparsely populated area or an isolated desert region that services the passing travellers, providing food, drinks, accommodation, fuel, and parking spaces to the guests and their vehicles. The premises generally consist of just a single dwelling, permanently occupied by a nuclear family, usually between two and five family members.
In Australia, a roadhouse is often considered to be the smallest type of human settlement.In Britain, the term was often a synonym for an advanced motel, but roadside pub-restaurant or hotel, depending on use, is more common today. A hotel resembling and having a public house (pub) is widely, nationally, called an inn.
The word's meaning varies slightly by country. The historical equivalent was often known as a coaching inn, providing food, drinks, and rest to people and horses."
Safari lodge,"A safari lodge (also known as a game lodge) is a type of tourist accommodation in southern and eastern Africa.  Lodges are  mainly used by tourists on wildlife safaris, and are typically located in or near national parks or game reserves.
Lodges are usually in isolated rural areas, and offer meals and activities such as game drives, in addition to accommodation.  The standard of accommodation varies considerably, from rustic bush camps, sometimes tented, to luxury lodges with the character of upmarket hotels. Unlike hotels or pensions, which typically consist of houses with many rooms, the dwellings in lodges are often in separate buildings with a bedroom, a bathroom, a terrace and sometimes a small kitchen. The set is closed to ensure the safety of tourists."
Single supplement,"The single supplement is a travel industry premium charged to solo travelers when they take a room alone. The amount involved ranges from 10 to 100 percent of the standard accommodation rate. Solo travelers see this as an unfair form of discrimination, but vendors justify the charge as reflecting the fact that most accommodations are priced for double occupancy.Discounts for booking early or repeat bookings and programs that arrange shared accommodation are variations on pricing that can ameliorate the single supplement for solo travelers. Research prior to travel may find companies that have removed the single supplement.
In 2013, around 12 percent of American adults planned to travel solo that year.

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Sleepbox,"Sleepbox is a brand offering a bed and associated facilities in a limited space. It is a larger version of a capsule hotel. Some versions include a bed with linen, a ventilation system, alarm clock, LCD TV, WiFi, desk space with LED lighting and electrical outlets for a laptop and rechargeable phone; luggage can be stored in a cupboard under the bed. They exist in New York, Moscow, and other locations, often in airport terminals."
Tourist home,
Vacation rental,"A vacation rental is the renting out of a furnished apartment, house, or professionally managed resort-condominium complex on a temporary basis to tourists as an alternative to a hotel.  The term vacation rental is mainly used in the US. Other terms used are self-catering rentals, holiday homes, holiday lets (in the United Kingdom), cottage holidays (for rentals of smaller accommodation in rural locations) and gites (in rural locations in France).
Vacation rentals have long been a popular travel option in Europe (especially in the UK) as well as in Canada and are becoming increasingly popular around the world."
Villa,"A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably.  After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. Then they gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes.  In the Early Modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most survivals have now been engulfed by suburbia.  In modern parlance, ""villa"" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside."
Wilderness hut,"A wilderness hut, bothy, backcountry hut, or backcountry shelter is a free, primitive mountain hut for temporary accommodation, usually located in wilderness areas, national parks and along backpacking and hiking routes.  They are found in many parts of the world, such as Finland, Sweden, Norway, northern Russia, the Alps, the Pyrenees, Scotland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. Huts are basic and unmanned, without running water."
Bed and breakfast,"Bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. Bed and breakfasts are often private family homes and typically have between four and eleven rooms, with six being the average. In addition, a B&B usually has the hosts living in the house.
Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board or full-board.

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Albatros (1899),"Albatros is a sailing ketch built in the Netherlands in 1899. Trading as a cargo sailing ship until 1996, she is now used as a training vessel."
"Arcola, Grafton","Arcola is a heritage-listed former residence and now bed and breakfast at 150 Victoria Street, Grafton, Clarence Valley Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1907. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999."
Balmory Hall,"Balmory Hall is a category A listed Victorian Italianate mansion located near Ascog in the Isle of Bute, Scotland, just west of Ascog House. The hall is set within 6 acres (2.4 ha) of gardens. It is run as a privately owned guesthouse and reportedly features a 7-course breakfast."
Bantry House,"Bantry House is a historic house with gardens in Bantry, County Cork, Ireland. Originally built in the early 18th century, it has been owned and occupied by the White family (formerly Earls of Bantry) since the mid-18th century. Opened to the public since the 1940s, the house, estate and gardens are a tourist destination in West Cork."
Beachborough Manor,"Beachborough Manor is a manor in Beachborough, near Folkestone, in Kent. It was developed into a small landed estate, generally known as Beachborough Park, at the heart of which was Beachborough House. The current house dates from 1813 and is now owned by the Wallis family. The estate has a well-developed wildlife centre, an equestrian centre and a bed and breakfast (B&B). 
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The estate passed through several generations of the English Brockman family.  Like many buildings in the UK, it found use in World War II by the Allies, as an American hospital.  It later became Stowe College and served in that capacity for several years.  Prime Minister David Lloyd George lived there in the early 20th century.
The suburb of Beechboro, Western Australia has been named after Beachborough manor, when Henry Brockman of Gingin, the owner of part of Swan Locations, first subdivided that land into farmlets.[2]"
Belle Tout Lighthouse,"The Belle Tout Lighthouse (also spelled Belle Toute) is a decommissioned lighthouse and British landmark located at Beachy Head, East Sussex, close to the town of Eastbourne.
It has been called ""Britain's most famous inhabited lighthouse"" because of its striking location and use in film and television.
In 1999, the Grade II listed building
was moved in one piece to prevent it from succumbing to coastal erosion."
Burr House (Bloomington),
C.B. Power Bungalow,"The  C.B. Power Bungalow, also known as The Bungalow Bed and Breakfast, in Lewis and Clark County, Montana in the vicinity of Wolf Creek, Montana was built in 1911. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 for its architecture.  It was opened as a bed and breakfast in 1993.According to its National Register nomination, it ""is an excellent example of Adirondack/Craftsman style architecture"", and it ""is a masterful example of Craftsman/Bungalow style architecture at its best. Designed by Robert C. Reamer, the C.B. Power Bungalow, outbuildings and setting embody the rustic ideals which Reamer helped to popularize for early 20th century building. Although his original sketches are not located at this time, historic correspondence and the bungalow itself attest to his involvement in conceptualizing the design. The strength of the Bungalow's rustic design links it clearly with Reamer's other work, for which he drew upon naturalistic inspiration. Set against a dramatic rise of granite bluffs, this environment not only influences choices of materials, it becomes an integral component of the overall design.""The 28 acres (11 ha) listing includes four contributing buildings besides the main house: a library/caretaker's residence, a garage, an ice house, and a dog house. The original stable is gone, destroyed by a fire; a horse barn is non-contributing.  The patterns of the main house's design ""are carried over into the design of the C.B. Power Bungalow outbuildings, particularly the library and the garage. These buildings are small gems of Craftsman design, overshadowed by the Bungalow's commanding design, yet they capture on a small scale the same qualities of architecture.""The property also includes a contributing structure, and a contributing site.
It was designed by architect Robert C. Reamer.  Supervision of its construction was delegated to architect William E. Donovan of Great Falls, Montana."
Château de Chalmazel,"The Château de Chalmazel, or Château des Talaru is a castle situated in the commune of Chalmazel, in the Loire département of France. It is located in the Haut-Forez, between the  towns of Saint-Étienne and Thiers. Its name in medieval times was Saint-Jehan-des-Neiges. The castle dominates the valley of the Lignon and it was built to be an impregnable fortress on the instructions of the Count of Forez."
Paul C. Christensen House,"The Paul C. Christensen House, in Castle Dale in Emery County, Utah, was built in 1906.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The listing included four contributing buildings.It is a one-and-a-half-story brick Late Victorian house.  It has a T-shaped plan, and has a rear one-story shed and hip roof extension.  The front, gabled facade includes fish scale shingling in its upper portion, and a three-part bay below.In 1980 it was deemed ""architecturally significant as a distinctive variant of a Victorian Builder home in Utah. Its plan derives from the vernacular T plan, but its scale and detailing mark it as a transitional Victorian house type. While the Victorian Builder type is common in the small towns of Utah, the distinctive brick work and treatment of the front bay qualify this house as an outstanding example. It also contains some of the best examples of hand carved carpentry locally known. The barn is also included in the site, built in about the same time as the house. /  It was probably first built for Castle Dale's only dentist, Paul C. Christensen, who served the community for forty- four years. Not only was this his residence, but it served as the first dentist's office in Emery County.""It is located one block off Utah State Route 10, at the northeast corner of N. Spartan Center St. and E. 100 N St. in Castle Dale.  Its street address is 15 E 100 N.  In 2019 it is operated as the San Rafael Bed & Breakfast."
"Davisville, Wentworth Falls","Davisville is a heritage-listed former YWCA women's home, residence and commune and now residence and bed and breakfast at 63-67 Falls Road, Wentworth Falls, City of Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1888 to 1920 by David Davis, Sydney builder. It is also known as Rennie House. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999."
Château de Failloux,"The Château de Failloux  (Castle of Failloux) was built in the 18th century in northeastern France. It is located in the commune of Jeuxey in the Vosges département, France, a few kilometers from the historical center of Épinal. The castle takes its name from the local hamlet, Grande Failloux. Etymologically, the term ""Failloux"" derives from  the unusual abundance of deciduous trees in an area generally dominated by coniferous trees. Although falling  within  the administrative area of  the commune of Jeuxey, the site of Failloux is isolated from the village and is located closer to the town of Épinal. The castle entrance has an ornamental wrought-iron gate designed by the workshops of Jean Lamour, who built the gates of  the Place Stanislas in Nancy, in France.

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Farm stay,"A farm stay (or farmstay) is any type of accommodation on a working farm. Some farm stays may be interactive. Some are family-focused and offer children opportunities to feed animals, collect eggs and learn how a farm functions. Others do not allow children. The term ""farm stay"" can also describe a work exchange agreement, where the guest works a set number of hours per week in exchange for free or affordable accommodation.Farm stays can be described as agritourism (farmer opening their farm to tourists for any reason, including farm stands and u-pick), ecotourism (Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people), and geotourism (tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place—its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents).
During the COVID-19 pandemic, farm stays became significantly more popular than previous years, as noted through AirBNB site behavior data."
Fosse Farmhouse,"Fosse Farmhouse is an 18th-century farmhouse in the English Cotswolds near the Fosse Way and Castle Combe.  It is now used to provide hospitality and accommodation, including bed and breakfast rooms in the main farmhouse and self-contained, self-catering quarters in converted farm buildings — the former barn, dairy and stables.  It is especially popular with Japanese since a couple visited in 1989.  The proprietor, Caron Cooper, visited Japan where she hosted afternoon tea with scones at the British embassy.  The guests included  Prince Mikasa and his family, who subsequently came to stay at the farmhouse for three days.  In 2012, it was used as a location for the popular Japanese comic and TV animation, Kin-iro Mosaic, and fans of that series now come to stay at the farmhouse too."
Paço de Lanheses,"Paço de Lanheses is a manor house, with a private chapel, in Viana do Castelo, Minho Province, Norte Region, Portugal.
The house construction began in the 16th century but was totally refurbished in the 18th century and now was reformed to adapt to rural tourism with the service of bed and breakfasts.
The property belonged to the family Vaz de Almada, descendant and representative of the famous knight Álvaro Vaz de Almada (c. 1390 – 1449), recipient of the Order of the Garter and the English noble title the earl of Avranches. Later also have the Portuguese noble title earl of Almada."
Petworth railway station,"Petworth railway station was a railway station nearly two miles (3 km) from the town of Petworth in West Sussex, England.
It was located on the former London, Brighton and South Coast Railway single track Pulborough to Midhurst branch line. It had a single platform, and a passing loop for freight trains, together with a signal box and goods facilities.
The line was opened to here on 10 October 1859 and extended westwards to Midhurst in 1866. The main station building was rebuilt in about 1892 and is a wooden 1-storey structure with architectural embellishments.
The station was closed to passengers by the Southern Region of British Railways on 5 February 1955 and to freight traffic on 20 May 1966. Some time after this, the station building was converted to a guest house and a number of former Pullman lounge cars converted to camping coaches have been relocated here from Marazion in Cornwall as sleeping accommodation."
Rockhall Tower,"Rockhall Tower, also known as Rockhall House or Rockhall Tower House, is a 16th-century tower house in Collin, Dumfries and Galloway. The castle originally belonged to Clan Kirkpatrick and later passed, through marriage, into Clan Grierson, becoming the home of the Grierson baronets. Sir Robert Grierson, 1st Baronet lived here until his death in 1733."
Rosedale Manor Bed and Breakfast Boutique,"Rosedale Manor Bed and Breakfast (commonly known as Rosedale Manor) is a bed and breakfast located in Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Built in 1893, it is a top historical tourist destination in the Placentia area."
The Sloop Inn,"The Sloop Inn is an inn in St Ives, Cornwall, England, located on the wharf. It is one of the oldest inns in Cornwall, the public house is dated to ""circa 1312"" although the present building was built in the 17th or 18th century. Made of granite rubble, with a slate roof, the Sloop Inn was the favourite haunt of Victorian artists including Louis Grier and many of his paintings hung there in earlier years. 
Today the public house is a traditional bar, with low ceilings but with an outside decking area. It also includes accommodation for guests."
Toodyay Manor,"Toodyay Manor on Stirling Terrace was originally the Newcastle Hotel in Toodyay, Western Australia.
It was built in 1862 for Joseph T. Monger on Pensioner Guard lots S8 and S10, first allocated to guards Hackett and Smith. Hackett's (Pensioner) Cottage (fmr) was not demolished as the land was developed and has survived. On the site Monger built a hotel and a steam mill.
The hotel was licensed in 1863 as the Newcastle Hotel. In 1870 Monger transferred the licence to J.G. Findell. In 1872 Ebenezer Martin took over the licence; he was replaced in 1874 by Thomas Donegan who only held the licence for a year before handing it on to W.G Leeder. In 1877 Leeder became the owner of the property.
The site was developed further in the late 1890s with the construction of a pair of parapeted fronted shops abutting the hotel at 84 Stirling Terrace.  The mill ceased operations in 1908, but was later converted to a skating rink for the townspeople and was also used as a picture theatre, with the operator - Palace Picture Shows - bringing its own electric lighting plant.  A cottage (brick with hipped iron roof) was constructed in 1910 on 86 Stirling Terrace adjoining the shop pair.
In 1921 architect G. Pickering of Perth undertook some restoration of the hotel. The proprietor at that time was W.J. Murphy. Additions were also undertaken in 1947."
Campsite,"Campsite, campground, and camping pitch are all related terms regarding a place used for camping (an overnight stay in an outdoor area). The usage differs between British English (UK) and American English (US).
UK: A campsite is an area, usually divided into a number of camping pitches, where people can camp overnight using tents, campervans or caravans. In the US, the expression used is campground and not campsite. US: the term campsite generally means an area where an individual, family, group, or military unit can pitch a tent or park a camper; a campground may contain many campsites.
There are two types of campsites (US) or pitches (UK): one, a designated area with various facilities; or two, an impromptu area (as one might decide to stop while backpacking or hiking, or simply adjacent to a road through the wilderness)."
Membership campground,"A membership campground is a private campground and/or RV park open only to members. Members typically pay a one-time membership fee and annual dues (membership fees) for the right to use the campground. A membership campground can operate independently, selling memberships to customers who have access only to that individual property, or they can operate as part of a system, in which case members can buy access to multiple campgrounds. Membership campgrounds tend to be geared toward the owners of recreational vehicles, but often offer rental accommodations and spaces for tent camping."
Motorhome stopover,"A motorhome stopover  (German: Reisemobil-Stellplatz, Italian: Aree di Sosta, French: Aire de Service) is a place designated for the purpose of overnight stopping for recreational vehicles or motorhomes. Motorhome stopovers are usually operated by local authorities.  These vehicles can stay overnight or longer depending on terms and conditions specified on a sign by each locality.  Parking is in accordance with local building codes and road traffic law.
There are three main purposes of these stopping places: providing a place for a short-term overnight stay without paperwork involved or restrictions of checking-in and checking-out time constraints imposed by formal campsites, allowing for travellers who prefer to move frequently from one place to the next during a short period of vacation and allowing parking places that are generally within walking distance to tourist sights.
These stopovers differ from campsites in that they are usually intended for a very short-term usage—usually one or two days—thus they provide very limited space for parking and limited facilities or at times no service at all.  Some stopovers may provides services like campsites but these places generally will not provide much space around the vehicles as most campsites do.  In most cases these places are usually located at the center of or at the edge of a town or a village and are convenient for visiting such places and generally do not have a management facility like a campsite.  In addition, the majority of these place are free of charge, in particular those that belong to smaller localities.  Where fees are applied,  they are usually very nominal.  Motorhome stopovers are a very popular mean of travelling in Germany, France and Italy but are gradually gaining more popularity in Spain and some other countries in Europe.
A formal motorhome stopover in Europe is usually indicated by a sign post. Locations of these stopovers vary depending on the locality.  Some stopovers are part of a town's public parking, a part of the town sports facility, or next to a church—some with designated parking bays and some without.  Others are specifically created for such purposes.
Countries like Germany permit the staying in a vehicle as long as the driver can resume driving when necessary. This rule applies to motorhome parking in public places as well. Therefore ""camping-like behavior"" such as setting out an awning or picnic table and chairs is not usually permitted in these motorhome stopovers."
Ponterosa,"Ponterosa is a 2001 Finnish comedy film directed by brothers Mika and Pasi Kemmo. The film takes place in a campsite in Åland, where a group of very different people get to know each other."
RV park,"A recreational vehicle park (RV park) or caravan park is a place where people with recreational vehicles can stay overnight, or longer, in allotted spaces known as ""sites"" or ""campsites"". They are also referred to as campgrounds, though a true campground also provides facilities for tent camping; many facilities calling themselves ""RV parks"" also offer tent camping or cabins with limited facilities."
Caravanserai,"A caravanserai (or caravansary; ) was a roadside inn where travelers (caravaners) could rest and recover from the day's journey. Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe, most notably the Silk Road. Often located along rural roads in the countryside, urban versions of caravanserais were also historically common in cities throughout the Islamic world, and were often called other names such as khan, wikala, or funduq."
List of caravanserais,"A caravanserai was a roadside inn where caravans and travelers could rest overnight.
They are typically constructed around a central courtyard, can be used as markets and are found from North Africa and the Aegean to India and Western China-although the majority are found between Iran and Turkey. Hundreds of these structures were built over the centuries.

The following is a partial list:"
Büyük Han,"Büyük Han (lit. Great Inn) (Greek: Μεγάλο Πανδοχείο Megálo Pandocheío) is the largest caravansarai on the island of Cyprus and is considered to be one of the finest buildings on the island. Located in the capital of Cyprus, it was built by the Ottomans in 1572, the year after they had seized Cyprus from the Venetians. In the centre of the open courtyard is a mosque with a fountain for pre-prayer ablutions. It became the first city prison under British administration. After spending most of the 1990s being restored, the inn has been revived as a thriving arts centre, consisting of several galleries and workshops. There are also several courtyard cafes and souvenir shops."
Corral del Carbón,"The Corral del Carbón, originally al-Funduq al-Jadida, is a 14th-century historic building in the Spanish city of Granada (Andalusia). It is the only funduq (commercial warehouse or inn) or alhóndiga preserved from the Nasrid period in the Iberian peninsula. The building is located south of the Albaicin quarter, near the present-day Cathedral (formerly the city's Great Mosque)."
Dayahatyn,"Dayahatyn (also spelled Dayakhatyn or Daya-khatyn or Bai Khatyn in folk) is a medieval caravanserai, sitting on the left bank of the Amu Darya. It is around 170 km to the northwest of the modern city of Turkmenabat, Lebap welaýaty, near the border between Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It is a fortified square enclosure with sides 53 metres long. It is believed to have been originally a fortress built by Tahir ibn Husayn in the 9th century. In the 11th century, it was transformed into a caravanserai with fascinating brick-structures, providing shelter for not only caravans but also elites during their long journeys. The integrity of Dayahatyn is a typical example of the mastery of Seljuk architects in brickwork during the 11th and 12th centuries. Because of its artistic excellence, Dayahatyn is regarded as one of the most valuable examples, and perhaps the finest example, of caravanserai structure extant in Central Asia."
Katra (Dhaka),"Katra or Katara is the name given to caravanserai inns in Bengal.
The Bara Katra (""greater katra"") and Chhota Katra (""lesser katra"") refers to two magnificent Mughal katras in Dhaka, Bangladesh."
Khakestar,"Khakestar (Persian: خاکستر, romanized: Khākestar), also called Rībāt-i-Khākistar, is a historical settlement and caravanserai in Khorasan in the mountains that now separate Iran from Turkmenistan. Formerly a customs post on the border between Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia, it is located on the banks of the Lain stream, which flows down from here to Kaakhka in Turkmenistan. It is surrounded by hills with a large sugar loaf-shaped mountain on one side, and it has a spring.The 11th-century Seljuk emir Savtegin was born at Khakestar, and he later built a ribat (i.e. caravanserai) here.In the late 1800s, Mirza Reza Khan Arfa od-Dowleh visited the village of Khakestar after hearing a story about its inhabitants' longevity. He wrote that it was close enough to Quchan that someone could leave Quchan in the morning, eat lunch in Khakestar, and be back in Quchan by the evening. Its buildings were made of mud, with roofs variously made from wood or reeds. There were 80 families and many of the villagers were old; there was basically zero surplus food production so when young people grew up and got married they would emigrate from the village. In years where the harvest was good, their diet consisted of wheat bread and dairy products - milk, cheese, and yogurt. When the wheat harvest was poor, they would eat barley bread. Their main subsistence was from keeping livestock and selling the wool in the markets at Quchan or Shirvan; they had no fruit gardens and bought fruit, clothes, and dishes at the markets.In 1918, the British agent Reginald Teague-Jones stopped at Khakestar on his way from Mashhad into Russian territory; at that time, Khakestar was a quarantine post for travellers coming into Iran from Russia, where there was an outbreak of cholera at the time."
Khan al-Franj,"Khan al-Franj is an Ottoman caravanserai in Sidon, Lebanon."
Kumarcilar Han,"Kumarcilar Han (Gambler's Inn) is a caravansarai located in North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus. It is unknown when exactly it was built, however it is thought to be built around the end of the 17th century, is much smaller and modest when compared with Büyük Han (Great Inn). Similar to all caravansarai, the entrance leads to an open-air courtyard, which is surrounded by a two-storey building, originally containing 56 rooms. Those on the upper story were used by the travelers, while those on the ground floor were used for their animals and belongings. Since then, the Kumarcilar Han has entered into a state of disrepair, is in danger of collapse. Efforts to restore the building have been hampered, due to lack of funds. As at January 2018, the Kumarcilar Han has been fully restored, and is used as a cafe/restaurant, as well as small shops selling local items.
According to Haşmet Muzaffer Gürkan, the door of the caravenserai ""indubitably"" used to belong to a Latin building. A hypothesis about its name states that it was originally called ""Kumbaracılar Hanı"", after a subdivision of the Ottoman army, ""kumbaracılar"". It was recorded with different names at different times, in 1881, it was called ""Kuchuk Khan"" (""Small Inn"") in a map and Rupert Gunnis wrote in 1936 that it was called the ""Khan of Itinerant Musicians""."
Manuc's Inn,"Manuc's Inn (Romanian: Hanul lui Manuc, pronounced [ˈhanu(l) luj maˈnuk]) is the oldest operating hotel building in Bucharest, Romania. It also houses a popular restaurant, several bars, a coffee-house, and (facing the street) several stores and an extensive bar. Its massive, multiply balconied courtyard hosted many performances and fairs and was a popular place for Romanian Television crews to shoot folkloric performances. The hotel and restaurant were refurbished in 2007."
Rabati Malik,"Rabati Malik, also called Ribat-i Malik, is a caravanserai ruin located on the M37 road from Samarkand to Bukhara about a kilometer west of the edge of Malik, Navoiy Province, Uzbekistan. It was constructed along the Silk Road according to the orders of Karakhanid Shams al-Mulk Nasr, son of Tamgachkhan Ibragim, who ruled in Samarkand from 1068 until 1080."
Tash Rabat,"Tash Rabat is a well-preserved 15th-century stone caravanserai in At-Bashy District, Naryn Province, Kyrgyzstan, located at an altitude of 3,200 metres (10,500 ft)."
Cruise ship,"Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly for vacationing. Unlike ocean liners, which are used for transport, cruise ships typically embark on round-trip voyages to various ports of call, where passengers may go on tours known as ""shore excursions"". On ""cruises to nowhere"" or ""nowhere voyages"", some cruise ships make two- to three-night round trips without visiting any ports of call.
Modern cruise ships tend to have less hull strength, speed, and agility compared to ocean liners. However, they have added amenities to cater to water tourists, with recent vessels being described as ""balcony-laden floating condominiums"".
As of December 2021, there were 323 cruise ships operating worldwide, with a combined capacity of 581,200 passengers. Cruising has become a major part of the tourism industry, with an estimated market of $29.4 billion per year, and over 19 million passengers carried worldwide annually as of 2011. The industry's rapid growth saw nine or more newly built ships catering to a North American clientele added every year since 2001, as well as others servicing European clientele until the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 saw the entire industry all but shut down.As of 2023, the world's largest cruise (and passenger) ship is Royal Caribbean's Wonder of the Seas, which surpassed its predecessor, Symphony of the Seas, and would be surpassed its successor, Icon of the Seas."
MS Adriana,"MS  Adriana was a mid-sized cruise ship with old fashion interior in French style, currently owned and operated by Adriana Shipping. She sailed the Caribbean Sea under flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis from Port of Spain for Adriana Cruises in 2015."
MV Aegean Odyssey,"MV Aegean Odyssey is a cruise ship owned and operated by Voyages to Antiquity, a one-ship cruise company established in 2009. Built as a ferry in 1973, it was converted to a cruise ship in 1988, and substantially rebuilt in 2010."
Aegean Paradise,"Aegean Paradise is a cruise ship operated by Singapore tour operator Universal Shipmanagement pte ltd . She was built in 1990 in Japan as three-stars-plus ship for Japan Cruise Line as Orient Venus which was used mainly on Japanese market.
The ship was sold to First Cruise Line and renamed Cruise One in September 2005. The ship was rebuilt from October 2015 until April 2017 at the Hellenic Shipyards of Perama in Greece, to a four-star ship. In April 2007, the ship was chartered to Delphin Kreuzfahrten and renamed Delphin Voyager. During the renovation in Greece, she was significantly modified from original.
Due to the insolvency of Delphin Kreuzfahrten in October 2010, ship was not returned. The owner of the ship, took First Cruise One Corp., the daughter of Greek company Restis Group, the ship returned to Greece, where it was at Perama on roadstead, before it was chartered for next few months in China in 2011. From January 2011 ship was chartered by Chinese investor group Hainan Cruises Enterprises under name Hainan Empress which was ended in May 2011. The ship was chartered to Quail/Happy Cruises under name Happy Dolphin. Since the bankruptcy of Quail in 2011, Happy Dolphin has been laid up in Piraeus. She has been chartered for the 2012 summer season to a Turkish tour operator Etstur and was renamed to Aegean Paradise. She cruised from İzmir and was cruised 2, 3 and 4 nights to the Greek Islands for the first time. At the end of August she will be deployed to Istanbul where she will do 3, 5, 6 and 7-night cruises to the Greek Islands and to the Black Sea. The season will end at 28 September when the ship arrives to Istanbul.
On 24 July 2015, the ship was sold to Kingston Maritime,  a wholly owned subsidiary of New Century Maritime, for US$22.89 million.
Aegean Paradise was delivered to Kingston Maritime at ST Marine Shipyard in Singapore. After refurnishing at the shipyard, the ship will join 2 other casino ships owned by the same company. She will be operating as a casino cruise ship off the Indonesian island of Batam.
New Century Maritime is indirectly owned by New Century Group of Hong Kong. She was wrongly reported to have been sold on 5 December 2015 to Diamond Cruise by China Cruise and Yacht Industry News. She is in fact been refurnished in a Singapore shipyard and is scheduled to commence operation as a casino cruise ship off the indonesian island of Batam on 8 January 2016.
Due to engine problems, her launch on 8 January 2016 was delayed. She finally started operation on 12 Jan and is now anchored between Batam and Johore as a casino cruise ship catering mainly to Singapore punters."
AIDAnova,"AIDAnova is a cruise ship built by Meyer Werft GmbH in Papenburg, Germany under contract from Carnival Corporation for AIDA Cruises. The first of the new Excellence-class ships, she was launched on 21 August 2018 and delivered on 12 December 2018.
She has one sister ship the AIDAcosma, delivered on December 21st 2021."
MS Albatros,"MS Albatros was a Royal Viking Star-class cruise ship, operated by the Germany-based travel agency Phoenix Reisen until 2020 when she was taken out of service, and scrapped in 2021."
MS Amadea,"MS Amadea is a cruise ship owned by Amadea Shipping Company and operated under charter by the Germany-based Phoenix Reisen. She was originally built in 1991 by the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipyard in Nagasaki, Japan as MS Asuka for Nippon Yusen Kaisha. In 2006 she was replaced by the Asuka II and sold to her current owners and entered service with Phoenix Reisen."
SS Antilles,"Built for the French Line, Antilles was a near-sister to SS Flandre of 1952.  Her construction was completed and her maiden voyage made in 1953.  She differed from her sister mainly because she was painted white.  She was placed on West Indies cruise service in the 1960s.Her career was much shorter than her sister's.  On 8 January 1971, she struck a reef near the island of Mustique in the Grenadines while attempting to navigate Lansecoy Bay, a shallow and reef-filled bay on the northern side of Mustique. Why Antilles′ captain decided to sail into the narrow, shallow strait is still not known.  But on hitting the rocks the impact ruptured a fuel tank and she caught fire.  All of her passengers and crew evacuated the ship safely to the island of Mustique and they were rescued by the Cunard Line′s Queen Elizabeth 2.The burnt-out hulk could not be freed from the reef, so the ship lay there for several months, eventually breaking in half.  Many years later she would be partially scrapped on the spot and moved just a few hundred yards to her final resting place in the channel off Lansecoy Bay.
The wreck site is submerged off Mustique and is barely visible on Google Earth at 12°54′04″N 061°10′44″W; the mast protrudes from the water during low tide.  Although the ship wrecked on a reef, reaching the site is dangerous because of the rip tides that form in the area."
Apollon XI,"Apollon XI was an Epirotiki Lines cruise ship, which was named after both the Greek sun god Apollo and the Apollo 11 mission that landed the first humans on the Moon.
Initially it was built as a passenger ship under the name Irish Coast for Coast Lines Ltd, Glasgow. She was chartered by Burns & Laird Lines Ltd. for the service between Belfast and Liverpool, also from Cork to Fishguard, Dublin to Liverpool and for the service Glasgow - Dublin - Liverpool. 
In 1968 she was acquired by Epirotiki and changed several names (Orpheus in 1968, then Semiramis II and Achilleus in 1969) until she took the final name Apollon XI (or Apollon 11) and was rebuilt as a cruise ship. She was used for cruises in the Aegean Sea, in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Antilles (Caribbean Sea) and in Africa. In 1982 she was renamed to Regency. On 11 October 1989, she ran aground due to the typhoon Dan and was subsequently towed to Manila (Philippines) for demolition.
The Apollon XI and another Epirotiki ship, the MTS Oceanos, were featured in the 1986 film Hardbodies 2.

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SS Arandora Star,"SS Arandora Star, originally SS Arandora, was a British passenger ship of the Blue Star Line. She was built in 1927 as an ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship, converted in 1929 into a cruise ship and requisitioned as a troopship in the Second World War. At the end of June 1940 she was assigned the task of transporting interned Anglo-Italian and Anglo-German civilians as well as a small number of legitimate prisoners of war to Canada. On 2 July 1940 she was sunk by a German U-boat off the coast of Ireland with a large loss of life, 805 people."
Aranui 3,"M/V Aranui 3 is a dual passenger/cargo vessel that operated between Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands. With a homeport of Papeete, French Polynesia, Aranui 3 is registered as a passenger ship under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), for international operation.
Constructed in Romania and entered service in 2003, Auraui 3 ended her French Polynesia voyages on 4 December 2015 and was replaced by the Aranui 5 for the 12 December 2015 inaugural sailing.
Apart from supplying cargo to the six ports in the Marquesas Islands, Aranui 3 also operates a passenger service and tourist cruise as part of its 14-day itinerary. It also stops at the islands of Rangiroa and Fakarava in the Tuamotu Islands.
The Aranui 3 ended service in Tahiti in 2015 and was replaced by the Aranui 5 who continues to service the route.

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Aranui 5,"M/V Aranui 5 is a dual passenger/cargo vessel that entered service on 12 December 2015 between Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands. With a homeport of Papeete, French Polynesia, the Aranui 5 replaced the Aranui 3 which entered service in 2003.No Aranui 4 ever went into service, because the number four is regarded as unlucky in China, from which Wing Wong, founder of Compagnie Polynesienne de Transport Maritime (CPTM), the family business that operates the Aranui voyages, emigrated to Tahiti in the 1930s.Aranui 5, like its predecessor, is registered as a passenger ship under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), for international operation.As well as carrying cargo to and from the six ports in the Marquesas Islands, Aranui 5 operates a passenger service and tourist cruise as part of its monthly 12-day itinerary; the ship also stops at the Rangiroa and Tuamotu atolls before returning to Tahiti.Additional Aranui 5 trips operate to other islands in French Polynesia and beyond, including Rarotonga and the Cook Islands and once a year to Pitcairn Island."
SS Arcadia (1953),"SS  Arcadia was a passenger liner built for P&O in 1953 to service the UK to Australia route. Towards the end of her life she operated as a cruise ship, based in Sydney, until scrapped in 1979.

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SS Argentina (1958),"SS Argentina was an ocean liner launched at Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States in 1958. The ship was the last ocean liner to be completed in the United States. Sister ship, Brasil had been launched in December 1957. Both ships operated in Moore-McCormack's South American service serving ports on the east coasts of North and South America.
In 1972 Argentina was sold to Holland America Lines, Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles, and was renamed Veendam, the third of the line's ships to bear the name. Holland America chartered the ship twice during the time its entities owned the ship during which the ship operated under other names. The first was during 1974-1975 when the ship operated as Brasil. The second was a charter during 1976—1978 in which the ship operated as Monarch Star before returning to the name Veendam under a Holland America Line entity in Panama.
Veendam was sold in 1984 and renamed Bermuda Star, operating as such until sale in 1990. The ship last served as a cruise ship for Commodore Cruise Line as Enchanted Isle. After bankruptcy of the line, arrest of the ship for outstanding debts and sale at auction the ship sailed from New Orleans as  New Orleans for the final voyage in 2003 to Alang, India,  for scrapping."
MS Astor,"MS Astor was a cruise ship that most recently sailed for Cruise & Maritime Voyages' Transocean Tours subsidiary, under which she operated voyages to Europe, South Africa, and Australia.The ship was originally built in 1987 under the name Astor by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW), Kiel in West Germany for the Mauritius-based Marlan Corporation, although originally ordered by the South African Safmarine as a combined ocean liner/cruise ship for the Southampton-Cape Town service.In 1988, she was sold to the Soviet Union-based Black Sea Shipping Company and renamed Fedor Dostoevskiy (some sources spell the name Fedor Dostoyevskiy, Russian: Фёдор Достое́вский), but spent her time under charter to various West German cruise lines. In 1995, she reverted to the name, Astor. From 1996 until 2020, she operated under charter to Transocean Tours.After Transocean Tours' parent company, Cruise & Maritime Voyages, entered administration in 2020, Astor was sold at auction by C.W. Kellock London Ltd. on 15 October 2020 for US$1,710,000."
MS Asuka II,"MS Asuka II (飛鳥II) is a cruise ship owned and operated by Nippon Yusen Kaisha. She was originally built by the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipyard in Nagasaki, Japan, as Crystal Harmony for Crystal Cruises. In 2006, Crystal Harmony was transferred from the fleet of Crystal Cruises to that of Crystal's parent company, Nippon Yusen Kaisha, and entered service under her current name. As of August 2022, she was the largest cruise ship in Japan."
SS Atlantic (1953),"SS Atlantic was an American-built vessel that operated for 42 years in various capacities.  First designated SS Badger Mariner, she was originally built as a freighter in 1953.   However, her career as a cargo vessel was relatively short. In 1958, she was rebuilt as a passenger liner. Renamed SS Atlantic, this ship became familiar to many American tourists during the 1960s, making cruises to the Caribbean and Mediterranean.
In 1971, she was retired from commercial service and purchased by C. Y. Tung, a Chinese shipping magnate, and converted to a university at sea, first as the SS Universe Campus, then as the SS Universe.

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MS Augustus (1926),"MS Augustus was a combined ocean liner and cruise ship built in 1927 for Navigazione Generale Italiana. The ship was later transferred to the new Italian Line after the merger of Navigazione Generale Italiana. During World War 2 the Roma was converted into an aircraft carrier and renamed as Falco. In 1944, both ships were taken over by the German troops but, on 25 September of that year she was scuttled. After the war she was raised and scrapped in 1946. Her sister ship was SS Roma."
MV Aurora (1955),"MV Aurora is a cruise ship built in Germany in 1955. After several changes of ownership and name, as of 2022 she is moored in Stockton, California, US, and undergoing restoration."
MV Balmoral (2008),"Balmoral is a cruise ship owned and operated by Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines. She was built in 1988 by the Meyer Werft shipyard in Papenburg, West Germany, as Crown Odyssey for Royal Cruise Line. She has also sailed for the Norwegian Cruise Line as Norwegian Crown and Orient Lines as Crown Odyssey. In 2007–2008 she was lengthened by 30 m (98 ft) at the Blohm + Voss shipyard in Hamburg prior to entering service with her current operator."
MS Baltic Princess,"MS Baltic Princess is a cruiseliner owned by the Estonia-based ferry operator Tallink and operated under their Silja Line brand. She was built by Aker Finnyards Helsinki New Shipyard in Helsinki, Finland in 2008. The ship began service on the cruise route between Helsinki, Finland to Tallinn, Estonia on 17 August 2008. From 1 February 2013 the ship began service on the Turku–Mariehamn–Stockholm route."
MS Batory,"MS Batory was a Polish ocean liner which was the flagship of Gdynia-America Line, named after Stefan Batory, the sixteenth-century King of Poland. She was the sister ship of MS Piłsudski. After Allied wartime service, mainly under the UK Admiralty, she became in 1951 the flagship of the Polish Ocean Lines and the Polish merchant fleet. She is often described as the ""Pride of the Polish Merchant Marine"". Batory along with her sister Piłsudski were the two most popular ocean liners of Poland."
MS Birka Stockholm,"MS Birka Stockholm is a cruise ship owned by Rederi AB Gotland. She was built in 2004 by Aker Finnyards at Rauma, Finland for Birka Line, later owned by Rederi Ab Eckerö, and operated under their Birka Cruises brand. She sailed as Birka Paradise until 2013."
MS Black Watch (1971),"MS  Black Watch was a Royal Viking Star-class cruise ship. She was built by Wärtsilä Helsinki Shipyard, Finland for Royal Viking Line as Royal Viking Star, entering service in 1972 as the lines first ship. She has also sailed for Norwegian Cruise Lines as Westward and Royal Cruise Line as Star Odyssey. As of June 18, 2022 she has been beached for scrapping as Odin at Alang, India."
Borinquen (1930),"SS Borinquen, the Taino language name for Puerto Rico, was a passenger liner launched 24 September 1930 and delivered to the Atlantic, Gulf & West Indies Steamship Lines (AGWI) in 1931 for operation by its subsidiary the New York & Porto Rico Line. The line operated the ship until it was requisitioned by the War Shipping Administration (WSA) the last day of 1941 for service  as a troop transport. The line then operated the ship as agent for the WSA until 6 May 1944 when operation was transferred to the United States Army for support of the Normandy landings with the ship arriving off the beaches on 7 June 1944. Borinquen continued service post war until redelivered to the owners 14 June 1946. The ship was sold in 1949 and became the Arosa Star. After further sales and change in the cruise ship regulations the ship was again sold and grounded as La Jenelle on the California coast in 1970."
MV Boudicca,"MV Boudicca (also known as Royal Viking Sky, Sunward, Birka Queen, Golden Princess, SuperStar Capricorn, Hyundai Keumgang, and Grand Latino) was a Royal Viking Star-class cruise ship that last served as accommodation vessel at Pendik, near Tuzla Shipyard. She was built in 1973 by Wärtsilä Helsinki Shipyard, Finland as Royal Viking Sky for Nordenfjeldske Dampskibsselskap, Trondheim, which placed the ship in Royal Viking Line service. In May 2021 the ship was beached in Aliağa, Turkey, for scrapping.

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MS Braemar,"MS Braemar (formerly Crown Dynasty, Cunard Crown Dynasty, Crown Majesty, and Norwegian Dynasty) is a cruise ship, most recently operating with Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines. During her Cunard ownership, she was marketed as Cunard Crown Dynasty, but her official name remained Crown Dynasty."
SS Brasil (1957),"SS Brasil was an American built ocean liner launched at Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi in 1957. The ship was originally named Brasil for Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc. 's South American service, but was renamed a number of times. During its history the ship served as a cruise ship and later served in the Semester at Sea program as Universe Explorer. The ship was scrapped in Alang, India, in 2004 sailing under the name Universe for the final voyage."
MS Bremen,"MS Seaventure, formerly Bremen, is a cruise ship operated by Hapag-Lloyd Cruises GmbH since 1993. She was built as Frontier Spirit at the Mitsubishi Shipyard, Kobe, Japan, in 1990. 
During a storm in the Southern Atlantic in March 2001, a rogue wave caused heavy damage, even breaking a window on the bridge. It left the ship adrift for two hours without propulsion. A previously uncharted island in the Antarctic was discovered by Bremen in 2003, and was named Bremen Island in 2004. Bremen was also featured in the TV show Killer Waves.
In 2006 she successfully ran the Northwest Passage, helped by satellite images telling where sea ice was.
In July 2018, a crew member shot and killed a polar bear in the Svalbard archipelago. The company claimed that the incident could not have been avoided and was an act of self-defense.In January 2019 the ship was sold to Scylla AG with a planned handover date of May 2021. In July 2020, Hapag Lloyd Cruises announced that Bremen had been chartered to Havila Kystruten. She was renamed Seaventure in 2020."
MV Bremerhaven,The MV Bremerhaven was a cruise ship originally built in Germany in 1960 for ferry services. She served under different guises and owners until she was scrapped in 2008.
SS Bretagne (1951),"SS Bretagne was an ocean liner launched on 20 July 1951 out of Saint-Nazaire; the second of two ships built for the Société Générale de Transport Maritimes (SGTM) which operated passenger lines out of Marseilles. Her sister ship Provence was launched a year earlier at Newcastle. Bretagne was constructed with three boilers and Provence with only two, making Provence less capable of increasing speed to counteract possible delays."
RMS Caronia (1947),"RMS Caronia was a 34,183 gross register tons (GRT) passenger ship of the Cunard Line (then Cunard White Star Line). Launched on 30 October 1947, she served with Cunard until 1967. She was nicknamed the ""Green Goddess""  after her light green hull livery. She was one of the first ""dual-purpose"" ships, built both for 2-class transatlantic crossings and all 1st-class cruising. After leaving Cunard she was briefly Caribia in 1969, after which she was laid up in New York until 1974, when she was sold for scrap. While being towed to Taiwan for scrapping, she was caught in a storm on 12 August. After her tow lines were cut, she repeatedly crashed on the rocky breakwater outside Apra Harbor, Guam and broke into three sections."
MV China Star,"MV China Star (中华之星) is the world's largest ship with a SWATH design, and the only twin-hull cruise ship ever built. It was sold and has operated in Hong Kong as the gambling ship Asia Star for Asia Cruises beginning in 2005, and the ship was later renamed China Star and was operated by several operators. The ship is currently laid up in Shenzhen, China. This 350-passenger all balcony luxury cruise ship was the largest SWATH ship in the world when it was built, displacing more than 20,000 tons. Originally known as the Radisson Diamond, the ship was built for Diamond Cruise, a conglomerate of several Finnish banks and the UKL-based Carlson Companies (the parent company of Radisson Cruises and Hotels). The ship was built at the Finnish Rauma shipyard by STX Finland.In June 2011, the ship was purchased for $45M by China Cruises Company Limited, the deal being led by Chinese millionaire entrepreneur Huang Weijian, CEO of CCCL. Another $20M was spent refurbishing her. Operation started on March 9, 2012, as the first ship of the new CCCL luxury cruise line."
Club Med 2,"Club Med 2 is a five-masted computer-controlled staysail schooner owned and operated by Club Med and operated as a cruise ship. It combines the power of seven computer-operated sails with more traditional diesel-electric power, having four diesel generators that power two electric motors. Club Med 2 was launched in 1992 in Le Havre, France. Her sister ship Club Med 1 was sold to Windstar Cruises and renamed Wind Surf in 1998.
The ship, one of the largest sailing cruise ships in the world, carrying up to 386 passengers with a crew of 214, sails the waters of the Mediterranean, Aegean Sea and Adriatic Sea in the summertime and the Caribbean in the winter, finding her way into anchorages larger cruise ships cannot reach. Transatlantic voyages are offered in the spring (eastbound) and fall (westbound).
The ship provides ballroom dancing, bridge and music, and sails at night making a stop each morning. A water sports deck can be deployed from the stern."
MV Corals,"MV Corals is a cruise ship that operates between the city of Cochin and the Lakshadweep islands. The ship was built by Colombo Dockyard in Sri Lanka with Norway-based Global Maritime Brevik. The then Union Minister of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Jairam Gadkari, dedicated the ship on January 10, 2015, to the nation."
RMS Corfu,"RMS Corfu was a Royal Mail Ship and ocean liner operated by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. Known as one of the 'Far East Sisters', she was launched in 1931 to serve the company's India and Far East Mail Service, along with her sister ship, the RMS Carthage. Both ships were built by Alexander Stephen & Sons Ltd in Glasgow, Scotland and served from 1931 until 1961 when they were scrapped in Japan."
Costa neoRomantica,"The MS Costa neoRomantica was a cruise ship completed for Costa Cruises in 1993 by Fincantieri in Italy as Costa Romantica, and a sister ship to Costa Classica. She was refurbished in 2003, renamed Costa neoRomantica in 2011, and from 2017 assigned to the Asian market. The ship was sold in 2020 to Celestyal Cruises as Celestyal Experience. She never operated for Celestyal and was sold again and renamed Antares Experience in September 2021, then beached for demolition at Gadani, Pakistan in December 2021. 

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Costa Smeralda (ship),"Costa Smeralda is an Excellence-class cruise ship currently operated by Costa Cruises, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc. At 185,010 gross tonnage (GT), she is the largest ship commissioned for and to ever operate for Costa, and is the sixth-largest cruise ship in the world, as of 2019. Costa Smeralda is also the second cruise ship in the world to be fully powered by liquefied natural gas (LNG), making Costa the second cruise line to operate a ship running on LNG, after sister brand, AIDA Cruises, became the first in 2018. Costa Smeralda is set to have a sister ship, Costa Toscana, that is scheduled for delivery in 2021. Her inaugural cruise sailed on 21 December 2019.

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Crystal Esprit,"Crystal Esprit is a cruise ship previously operated by Crystal Cruises. Built by Flender Werft in Lübeck, Germany, she was laid down in 1988 and floated out as Lady Diana in 1989. She was completed in December 1991 as Aurora I. She and sister ship Aurora II were purchased by Star Cruises in 1994. Aurora I was renamed Megastar Taurus and served from 1994 until being laid up in 2008.In July 2015, Crystal Cruises announced that she would join its fleet as Crystal Esprit, and on December 20, 2015, she was rechristened at Eden Island Marina in Mahé, Seychelles, by Lady Gaenor Anne Meakes (fiancée of yachtsman Mark Richards).In September 2021, Crystal announced that they had sold the all-suite ship following a review of its post-pandemic offering. The new owner is Lindblad Expeditions, which has renamed her National Geographic Islander II and intends to base her in the Galapagos Islands, replacing its current National Geographic Islander, in its the alliance with National Geographic Travel.  The ship was christened in October 2022."
Crystal Serenity,"Crystal Serenity is a cruise ship owned by Crystal Cruises before the line went out business. Crystal Serenity was built in 2003 by STX Europe in St. Nazaire. She operated together with her older fleetmate, Crystal Symphony, offering around the world voyages."
Crystal Symphony,"Crystal Symphony was a cruise ship owned and operated by Crystal Cruises before the line went out of business. She was built in 1995 at Kværner Masa-Yards Turku New Shipyard, Finland. She was the oldest vessel in the Crystal Cruises fleet.

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MV Cunard Ambassador,"MV Cunard Ambassador was a cruise ship planned as one of a class of eight ships for the charter airline Overseas National Airways. At the same time, the Cunard Line was moving into the cruise market because the increasing popularity of international flights meant that its transatlantic passenger services were no longer viable."
MS Deutschland,"MS Deutschland (starting in 2015 also sailing as World Odyssey from September until April each year) is a cruise ship launched in 1998 and owned and operated by Peter Deilmann Cruises until 2015. She is decorated in the 1920s style as it could be seen in SS Columbus of Norddeutscher Lloyd.  The ship can carry up to 650 passengers and 260 crew members. She has a gross tonnage of 22,496 and has seven passenger accessible decks."
Disney Wish,"Disney Wish is the fifth and newest cruise ship owned and operated by Disney Cruise Line, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. She is the largest ship in the fleet and the first of the Wish-class. She entered service in June 2022 and will be followed by her sister ships the Disney Treasure in 2024 and a second sister in 2025. The other four ships in the fleet are the Disney Magic, Disney Wonder, Disney Dream, and Disney Fantasy."
Dodi Princess,"Dodi Princess was a cruise boat on Lake Volta in South Ghana. It was owned by the Volta River Authority and under the management of Volta Hotels. It was the only cruise ship in Ghana. It was built as a cargo ship and later converted into a passenger ship in 1991.The ship was replaced with the 176-passenger restaurant ship, Dodi Princess II, built in Akosombo, Ghana by Onur Makina of Istanbul, Turkey.

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SS Dolphin IV,"SS Dolphin IV (formerly Zion of Zim Lines), was built in Germany as war reparations for Israel in 1956. She subsequently sailed as Amelia De Melo and Ithaca. In 1978, the ship was renamed Dolphin IV when she sailed under sales and marketing agreement for Paquet Ulysses Cruises, which was part of Paquet French Cruises. The owners of Ulysses Cruises/Florida Nautica made the decision in 1984 to handle the sales and marketing for the ship.  This is when Dolphin Cruise Lines was created. The ship has retained her name through her most recent sale to Cape Canaveral Cruise Line in 1995.
The ship remained in operation for Cape Canaveral Cruise Line until September 2000 when it was forced out of service because it needed 3.5 million dollars in required maintenance. The cruise line was unable to secure another vessel and it was unable to afford or receive funding for the needed repairs. As a result, the ship was forced to lay up at Freeport, Bahamas for three years awaiting repairs. Due to the state of disrepair of fresh water and sewage holding facilities, the ship was sold for scrap in 2003.

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MV Doulos Phos,"MV Doulos Phos is a retired ocean liner, and former cruise ship that held the record of being the world's oldest active ocean-going passenger ship, serving from 1914 until December 2009. She is now owned by Eric Saw, director and chief executive of BizNaz Resources International Pte Ltd in Singapore. She was previously operated by the German charity Gute Bücher für Alle (Good Books for All), and was used as a floating bookshop and missionary ship. The ship has previously been known as the SS Medina, the SS Roma, the MV Franca C, and the MV Doulos.  Doulos ended her final cruise in late 2009 at Singapore, with the ship being handed over to her new owners on 18 March 2010.  The ship underwent a three year conversion into a luxury hotel that saw the ship mounted on dry land in nearby Bintan, Indonesia and opened in June 2019."
EasyCruiseOne,"The EasyCruiseOne (styled as easyCruiseOne) was a cruise ship last owned by a private owner and last operated by EasyCruise. It was originally built for Renaissance Cruises as the Renaissance II in 1990. In 1998 it was renamed as the gambling ship Neptune II for operations in Singapore. When EasyCruise was formed, Stelios Haji-Ioannou purchased the ship, gave it an extensive refit, and launched it as EasyCruise One in 2005. EasyCruise One was retired from the fleet in October 2008. The ship was sold soon after and was renamed Cruise One. The ship was planned to be converted into a luxury mega yacht.  However, the Great Recession halted its conversion. The ship was laid up in Port Rashid in Dubai and later stored at a dry berth at the nearby Dubai Maritime City and was put up for sale. The asking cost and the cost to renovate the ship were too great and saw no buyers. The ship never saw any service again. In July 2022, the ship was sold for scrap and was broken up on-site soon after."
MS Enchanted Capri,"MS Enchanted Capri is a wrecked Belorussiya-class cruise ship owned by Demar Instaladora y Constructora, Mexico and operated as an accommodation vessel for oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico. She was built in 1975 at Wärtsilä Turku Shipyard in Turku, Finland as the 15,409 GRT MS Azerbaydzhan for the Soviet Union-based Black Sea Shipping Company. She had also sailed under the names MS Arkadia and MS Island Holiday."
MS Europa (1999),"MS Europa is a cruise ship owned and operated by the German company Hapag-Lloyd Cruises. It is the 6th ship to be named Europa in the company's history. For twelve years in a row, the MS Europa was awarded the title ""best cruise ship in the world"" by Ward-Ranking and Berlitz. The previous Europa is currently sailing as the Saga Sapphire for Saga Cruises."
MS Europa 2,"MS Europa 2 is a cruise ship operated by Hapag-Lloyd Cruises, a German-based cruise line. She entered service in May 2013."
MS Excelsior Neptune,"MS  Excelsior Neptune (originally, the Feliks Dzerzhinskiy) was an ocean liner owned by the Soviet Union's Black Sea Shipping Company. She was built in 1958 by VEB Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany, as one of the Mikhail Kalinin series of ships. It was named after Felix Dzerzhinsky, a Soviet statesman and founder of the Soviet secret police (Cheka).
The Feliks Dzerzhinskiy entered regular service with the Black Sea Shipping between Odessa and Alexandria in 1958, and after 1970 she was used by the Far East Shipping between Vladivostok and Kamchatka, and from Nakhodka to Yokohama and Hong Kong. In the late 1970s she was also used by the CTC Line for Pacific Ocean cruises out of Fremantle and Sydney.In 1988 she was renamed Excelsior Neptune, and was sold to Chinese interests in 1992. It was planned to rebuild her as a cruise ship, along with her sister ship Excelsior Mercury (formerly the Mariya Ulyanova), but she sank in January 1993 while being towed from Hong Kong to Guangzhou."
Fairsky,"The Turbine Steamship Fairsky was a one-class Italian-styled passenger ship operated by the Sitmar Line, best known for service on the migrant passenger route from Britain to Australia from May 1958 until February 1972. After a 20-month lay-up at Southampton, Fairsky completed two further voyages to Australia, before returning to be based at Sydney as a popular full-time cruise ship, until striking an unmarked wreck in 1977 which rendered the vessel uneconomic to permanently repair. The ship was finally sold to a Philippines based consortium, intended for static use as a casino and floating hotel. In 1979 during refurbishment at Manila Bay for her new role, a fire broke out onboard which destroyed the accommodation. The wreck was towed to Hong Kong for demolition in 1980."
RMS Fort Victoria,"Fort Victoria was a 7,784 GRT passenger steamship that was built in 1912 as Willochra. During the First World War she was requisitioned for use as a troopship. In 1920 she was sold and renamed Fort Victoria, serving until lost in a collision in 1929."
Freewinds,"MV Freewinds is a former cruise ship operated by International Shipping Partners and owned by San Donato Properties, a company affiliated with the Church of Scientology. She was built in 1968 by Wärtsilä Turku Shipyard in Turku, Finland, for Wallenius Lines as MS Bohème for service with Commodore Cruise Line. She was the first cruise ship built in Finland. Her ownership passed to a Church of Scientology-controlled company in 1985."
MV Funchal,MV Funchal is a Portuguese ocean liner owned by Brock Pierce as a floating hotel.
MV Galapagos Legend,MV Galapagos Legend is a German-built cruise ship operated by GO Galapagos-Ecuador for cruises in the Galapagos Islands. Earlier in its career as the MV Helgoland it served as a hospital ship during the Vietnam War from 1966 to 1971.
MV Gemini,"MV Gemini is a cruise ship operated by Miray Cruises since 2019. She was built in 1992 by Union Navale de Levante, Valencia, Spain for Crown Cruise Line as Crown Jewel. She has also sailed under the name Cunard Crown Jewel. She also operated as SuperStar Gemini for Star Cruises from 1995 to 2008."
MV Glory Sea,"MV Glory Sea is a China-registered passenger ship. The ship was built in Germany in 2001 by Blohm + Voss and originally named Olympia Explorer. The ship was later renamed MV Explorer when it began sailing for the Semester at Sea program in 2004. The ship remained with them until 2015.
In May 2015, the ship was renamed Celestyal Odyssey and began sailing for Celestyal Cruises, under the flag of Malta.

In September 2015 it was announced that Celestyal Cruises has terminated their three-year contract of owning the Celestyal Odyssey. The ship will leave the fleet late October 2015.
The ship will be replaced with MS Gemini which will be renamed Celestyal Nefeli. The ship was sold to be used as the first ship of Diamond Cruises a new Chinese based cruise line."
Golden Horizon,"SV Golden Horizon is a steel-hulled five-masted barque rigged tall ship which is in service as a cruise ship. Originally named Flying Clipper, the luxury vessel was designed by Polish naval architect Zygmunt Choreń, for Star Clippers Ltd. of Sweden, and built by the Brodosplit Shipyard in Split, Croatia. She is the largest sailing ship ever launched. Her design was based on France II, a famous French five-mast cargo windjammer built in 1911.Due to a dispute with the shipyard, she was never delivered to Star Clippers. Instead, she has been chartered by Tradewind Voyages and renamed Golden Horizon.She entered into operation in May 2021. However the vessel was seized by UK authorities on the morning of the inaugural cruise over an ongoing financial dispute with Star Clippers.
Following withdrawal of finances by the Croatian owner of Golden Horizon, the Company 'Tradewind Voyages' has ceased trading.  The vessel languishes in Split with a threat of sale to raise funds following bankruptcy proceedings of the Owner's Croatian Company."
MS Golden Princess,"MS Golden Princess was a casino cruise ship owned by Eurasia International, operated on short casino cruises out of Hong Kong. She was built in 1967 by the Wärtsilä Hietalahti shipyard in Helsinki, Finland as Finlandia for the Finland Steamship Company. In 1975 she was sold to Finnlines, who converted her into the cruise ship Finnstar in 1978. In 1982 she entered service for Pearl Cruises as Pearl of Scandinavia. In 1988 she was renamed Ocean Pearl. In 1994 she entered service with Croisières Paquet as Pearl. Between 1995 and 1998 she sailed for Costa Cruises as Costa Playa. In 1998-1999 she sailed as Oriental Pearl for Mega Wave International, and in 1999-2000 as Joy Wave for Costa Cruises. In 2000 she was sold to Eurasia International and entered service under the name Golden Princess . In 2009 she was sold for scrap to China.

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Greg Mortimer (ship),"Greg Mortimer is a cruise ship operated by Aurora Expeditions. The ship was named in honour of the company's founder Greg Mortimer, in a combined naming and delivery ceremony at CMHI's Haimen base on 6 September 2019."
MS Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze,"MS  Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze was an ocean liner owned by the Soviet Union's Far East Shipping Company named after Georgian Bolshevik and later member of the CPSU Politburo Grigory Ordzhonikidze. . She was built in 1959 by VEB Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany. She was scrapped in 1992 in Alang, India."
MS Gripsholm (1924),"MS Gripsholm was an ocean liner, built in 1924 by Armstrong Whitworth in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, for the Swedish American Line for use in the Gothenburg-New York City run. She was of great historical importance as the first ship built for transatlantic express service as a diesel-powered motor vessel, rather than as a steamship."
MS Gripsholm (1957),"MS Gripsholm was a combined ocean liner/cruise ship, built in 1957 by Ansaldo Shipyard, Genoa, Italy for the Swedish American Line for use in transatlantic traffic from Gothenburg to New York as well as long-distance cruising.

In 1971 she was laid up for 3 months in Göteborg, being converted into a pure cruise ship, thus ending her Transatlantic career.
In 1975 she was sold to the Karageorgis Lines, who named her MS Navarino and used her on Mediterranean routes until 1981, when she was damaged in a grounding off Patmos.

After some repair difficulties, in 1984 the vessel became the first ship of the newly formed Regency Cruises, and was named MS Regent Sea. In 1995, Regency went bankrupt, and Regent Sea was auctioned off to United States American Cruise Line, who started on a conversion to a casino ship, but which was never completed due to bankruptcy of the new owner.
In early 2001 the ship was sold for scrap and began a journey under tow to breakers in India. A Swedish plan to turn her into a hotelship in Stockholm ran into resistance from residents, and in the meantime (June) the ship was looted by pirates while at Dakar. On 12 July of the same year, the hulk sank in heavy seas off Algoa Bay in South Africa."
MS Hamburg,"MS Hamburg is a 15,000-ton, 420 passenger, luxury cruise ship owned by the Conti Group and is now operated by Plantours Kreuzfahrten. She was built in 1997, in Wismar, Germany. Her relative small size allows her to transit the Great Lakes in North America, where she cruised seasonally between 1997 and 2011 and again in 2022, as well as other cruises worldwide as travelling the Mediterranean for cultural cruises with Martin Randall Travel, the north Atlantic and at Asia. Her crew consists of 170 members, and her top speed is 16 knots. She was previously known as Columbus for Hapag-Lloyd, she was since replaced by Columbus 2."
MV Hebridean Princess,"MV Hebridean Princess is a cruise ship operated by Hebridean Island Cruises. She started life as the MacBrayne car ferry and Royal Mail Ship, initially RMS then MV Columba, based in Oban for the first 25 years of her life, carrying up to 600 passengers, and 50 cars, between the Scottish islands."
Hebridean Sky,"Hebridean Sky is a cruise ship owned by London-based cruise company Noble Caledonia. As an ice-rated vessel she has operated as an expedition cruise ship in Antarctica and in the Arctic. She was also known under the names Renaissance VII, Regina Renaissance, Renai I, Sun, Island Sun, Corinthian II, Sea Explorer, Sea Explorer I.
In the early 1990s the Renaissance Cruises company commissioned eight small cruise ships, all of which were given numeric names in the form of Roman figures (from I to VIII). The second group of four identical sister ships, V - VIII, was built in a different yard, and had increased capabilities. Originally named Renaissance VII, Hebridean Sky was the third ship of the second group.
Designed to operate in almost any place of the world, this ship accommodated up to 120 passengers in 59 cabins. The lounge and dining room were both large enough to welcome all passengers at one time. There were also other facilities, such as swimming pool and nightclub.
In 1992 Renaissance VII was chartered by a tour company, Raymond & White, and was renamed Regina Renaissance, cruising for several years in the Caribbean. The charter ended in 1998, and ship was returned to her original name and changed her itinerary for cruising in the Mediterranean in summer and in the Indian Ocean in winter, being presented mainly in North American and European markets.
Renaissance Cruises went bankrupt in October 2001, and Renaissance VII was sold to a business group that had invested in the company. They renamed the vessel Renai I, but she remained idle, for sale or charter.
In 2003 the ship's name was changed to Sun, and the year after, the vessel was bought by International Shipping, who renamed her Island Sun, and then she was chartered by Mauritius Island Cruises. They planned to operate the vessel on a regular basis, making cruises around Mauritius from Port Louis. Unfortunately, the company did not pass through bureaucratic regulations enforced by the government and was forced to cease operations after only a couple of days.
During 2004, a company named Around The World Cruises began to promote cruises from Fremantle, Australia, for the coming summer. After experiencing some difficulties, the company finally managed to obtain Island Sun at a very short notice, and she duly arrived in Fremantle on 26 November. After making only four short cruises the departure that was scheduled for 10 December was cancelled almost before the voyage, and the operating company went bankrupt few days later.
A bit later Mauritius Island Cruises also collapsed, and in 2005 Island Sun was sold to the Danish Clipper Group, and the vessel was chartered to an American company named Travel Dynamics International. They renamed the vessel Corinthian II, refurbished and redecorated her, and for eight years she cruised mainly in the Mediterranean region and later in Antarctica.
In 2013 the ship was chartered from Clipper Group by Polar Latitudes and Poseidon Expeditions. They operated her in Antarctica and the Arctic.
In 2014 the ship was acquired by Noble Caledonia, a company that already owned sister vessels Island Sky (formerly Renaissance VIII) and  Caledonian Sky (formerly Renaissance VI). The ship was refitted in April 2016."
MV Heidelberg,MV Heidelberg was built in 2004. Carrying only 110 passengers in 56 cabins.
Heritage Adventurer,"Heritage Adventurer  is an ice-strengthened expedition cruise ship built in 1991 by Rauma shipyard in Finland. She was originally named Society Adventurer, but after Discoverer Reederei was unable to take delivery of the vessel due to financial troubles, the completed ship was laid up at the shipyard for almost two years. In 1993, she was acquired by Hanseatic Tours (which later merged with Hapag-Lloyd) and renamed Hanseatic. In 2018, she was chartered to One Ocean Expeditions and renamed RCGS Resolute through a partnership with the Royal Canadian Geographical Society. In 2021, she was acquired by Heritage Expeditions and, following an extensive refit, given her current name."
MS Ilmatar,"The MS Ilmatar was a cruise ship operated by Palm Beach Cruises as Palm Beach Princess on casino cruises out of the Port of Palm Beach in Riviera Beach, Florida. She was built in 1964 by Wärtsilä Hietalahti shipyard, Helsinki, Finland for Finland Steamship Company as Ilmatar. From 1970 until 1974 and again from 1978 to 1980 she was marketed as a part of Silja Line fleet. In 1973 she was lengthened at HDW Hamburg, Germany by 20.04 m (65 ft 9 in). Between 1975–1976 she was chartered to Finnlines. In 1979 she was converted to a cruise ship.In 1980 the Ilmatar was sold to Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab, without a change of name. In 1984 she was sold to Grundstad Maritime Overseas and renamed Viking Princess for cruising with Crown Cruise Line. In 1997 she received the name Palm Beach Princess. After several further changes of ownership, the ship was sold for scrap in 2011.On 28 November 1968 the Ilmatar collided with the Siljavarustamo ferry Botnia in the Åland archipelago, resulting in the death of six people on board the Botnia."
MS Insignia,"MS Insignia is the lead ship of the R class of cruise ships built for Renaissance Cruises. She is now owned by Oceania Cruises as part of its Regatta class of ships, but recently sailed for Hapag-Lloyd as the Columbus 2. She was built in 1998 by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in St. Nazaire, France for Renaissance Cruises as MS R One. On 11 December 2014, 3 crew members died in a fire that broke out in the engine room when the ship was docked in St. Lucia."
MS Island Sky,"MS Island Sky is a 118 berth cruise ship owned and operated by London-based cruise company Noble Caledonia. On 19 July 2021 it became the first cruise ship to visit Scotland since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in that country, and after the Scottish Government moved Scotland into the lowest level of COVID restrictions which included the reopening of seaports. As part of a UK coastal cruise, the ship arrived at Lerwick Harbour in Shetland, where it docked at Victoria Pier. The boat had 66 passengers on board, roughly half its capacity."
MS Ivan Franko,"MS Ivan Franko was the first Ivan Franko-class passenger ship owned by the Soviet Union's Black Sea Shipping Company. She was built in 1964 by V.E.B. Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany. She was scrapped in 1997 at Alang, India."
RMS Ivernia,"RMS Ivernia was a Saxonia class ocean liner, built in 1955 by John Brown & Company in Clydebank, Scotland for Cunard Line, for their transatlantic passenger service between the UK and Canada. In 1963 she was rebuilt as a cruise ship and renamed RMS Franconia, after the famous pre-war liner RMS Franconia. She continued to sail for Cunard until being withdrawn from service and laid up in 1971. In 1973 she was sold to the Soviet Union's Far Eastern Shipping Company and, renamed SS Fedor Shalyapin, cruised around Australia and the far East. In 1980 she was transferred to the Black Sea Shipping Company fleet, and for a time returned to cruising in the Mediterranean and around Europe. In 1989 she was transferred again, to the Odessa Cruise Company, and continued her career as a cruise ship until 1994. She was then laid up at Illichivsk, a Black Sea port 40 km southwest of Odesa, until 2004 when, as the Salona, she sailed to Alang, India, where she was scrapped.

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MS Jadran,
MS Kenora,"MS Kenora is a cruise ship that operates in Kenora, Northwestern Ontario, Canada."
MS Knyaz Vladimir,"MS Knyaz Vladimir is a 1971 built car ferry/cruise ferry which was later rebuilt into a cruise ship in 1981. She is the last surviving ship ever owned by the Chandris Lines. She is the last surviving ship out of three near identical sisters, the others being the ill-fated Scandinavian Star and the Fred. Olsen & Co. ferry Bolero. In late 2014, Mano Cruise stopped the ship's service."
MS Kungsholm (1952),"MS  Kungsholm was a combined ocean liner / cruise ship built in 1953 by the De Schelde shipyard in Vlissingen, the Netherlands for the Swedish American Line. Between 1965 and 1981 she sailed for the North German Lloyd and their successor Hapag-Lloyd as MS Europa. From 1981 until 1984 she sailed for Costa Cruises as MS Columbus C. She sank in the port of Cadiz, Spain after ramming a breakwater on 29 July 1984. The vessel was refloated later that year, but sent to a Barcelona shipbreaker in 1985 for scrapping."
La Belle Des Oceans,"La Belle Des Oceans is a small, yacht-type cruise ship operated by CroisiEurope. She has previously been operated by a number of cruise lines under different names, the most recent of which was Silver Discoverer."
Lady Brisbane,"The Lady Brisbane is a ship operated by Brisbane Cruises, which has been operating since 1987.
Originally built to operate out to the Great Barrier Reef, the Lady Brisbane was built in 1972 by Milkraft in Brisbane, and has been renovated.On Saturday 26 November 2011, the Lady Brisbane accidentally grounded on the beach just north of the Tangalooma Resort on Moreton Island.  No injuries were sustained, and her passengers were returned to Brisbane by another vessel.  She remained stranded until the following day when another Spring Tide enabled her release.  She was seen at RiverGate hardstand being assessed."
SS Lavia,"Lavia was a cruise ship that caught fire and sank in Hong Kong Harbour in 1989. She was built for Cunard White Star Line in 1947 as the cargo liner Media. In 1961 she was sold to Italy, rebuilt as an ocean liner and renamed Flavia. In 1969, she was refitted as a cruise ship and renamed Flavian. In 1982 she was sold to Panama and renamed Lavia. She was undergoing a refit when the fire occurred. The damage to her was so great that she was scrapped."
MV Leisure World,"MS Skyward (also known as Leisure World) was a cruise ship built in 1969 for Norwegian Cruise Line. It subsequently served for several years under various companies, both as a cruise ship and later on as a floating casino. She was finally sold for scrap in 2021 and beached for demolition at Alang, India."
List of existing 20th century cruise ships and liners,List of surviving cruise ships and liners built in the 20th century. Chronological by decade the ship was built:
MS Lord Selkirk II,"The MS Lord Selkirk II was a passenger cruise ship that sailed the Red River and Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. Lake Winnipeg's last cruise ship, she was the largest ever built between the Great Lakes and the Rockies, with accommodation for 130 passengers and 40 crew.  She was 176 feet long with a 41 foot beam.
Launched June 7, 1969, the MS Lord Selkirk II sailed for 17 years before being retired in 1990.  While active, the ship carried thousands of passengers on multiple-day excursions to Lake Winnipeg and boasted a game room, a dining room, and a lounge where guests could enjoy live entertainment. Some of its more prestigious passengers over the years included Queen Elizabeth II and Premier of Manitoba Edward Schreyer (later the Governor General of Canada), who sailed on the ship in 1970.
She was built to replace the MS Keenora after that wooden vessel was retired. She was originally commissioned to serve the freight and passenger service market on Lake Winnipeg. In addition to her passenger cabins, she also had refrigerated and freezer cargo compartments, and 120 tons of cargo fuel capacity.
With the construction of new road access to more communities on the lake and increased access to air travel, the need for the freight and passenger service declined and a focus was put on using the vessel for excursions and vacations by the early 1970s. She was purchased by the Manitoba provincial government in the early 1970s, and was operated by the government as part of Venture Manitoba Tours through the 1978 season. Idle for 1979 in Gull Harbour, she was purchased that year by a group of investors led by Harold Einarson and operated on the lake until through the 1982 season. In 1983, local Winnipeg businessmen Jim Gauthier and Bill Harris purchased the ship and refitted her running it until 1986, when she was purchased by Dr. Joseph Slogan of Selkirk, who operated the ship through the 1990 navigation season on the Red River. It was originally intended to run the ship for the 1991 season, and extensive engineering and mechanical work took place through the winter of 1990/91, but the vessel was idled after a decision was made to run the other two competing river excursion companies - Paddlewheel Riverboats and River Rouge Tours - as a joint venture for 1991 in the face of declining passenger traffic, and to idle the Lord Selkirk II for the season. She never sailed again.
The ship, rusted and broken, has been docked at the end of a slough in Selkirk, Manitoba since being retired in October 1990.  In July 2010 the ship was sold for scrap to an international.  On June 19, 2012 the ship caught fire and is a total loss. Arson is suspected.A lifeboat and an anchor will be salvaged and put into the Marine Museum of Manitoba, which is about a block away from the MS Lord Selkirk II's final resting place. As of 2020 the lifeboat and anchor are all that remain of MS Lord Selkirk II."
MV Lyubov Orlova,"MV Lyubov Orlova (built as Lyubovy Orlova) was a 1976 Yugoslavia-built ice-strengthened Maria Yermolova-class cruise ship, which was primarily used for Antarctic cruises. After being taken out of service in 2010, she sat in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada for two years. Decommissioning was fraught with problems and the ship eventually became a floating derelict in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2013. She is believed to have sunk."
SV Mandalay,"The SV Mandalay is a three-masted schooner measuring 163.75 ft (49.91 m) pp, with a wrought iron hull. It was built as the private yacht Hussar (IV), and would later become the research vessel Vema, one of the world's most productive oceanographic research vessels. The ship currently sails as the cruising yacht Mandalay in the Caribbean."
SS Manoa,"SS Manoa  was an American freight and passenger steamer that sailed for the Matson Line from San Francisco to Hawaii. Unusual for her time, her engines and funnel were aft, minimizing vibration felt by the passengers and soot on deck. The aft design was considered ugly by passenger ship purists.After the attack on Pearl Harbor, she was put into military service and transferred to the Soviet Union under terms of Lend-Lease. They renamed her  Balkhash. She was used to transfer Estonian prisoners to the Gulag during World War II and later transferred to the Far East Company. She remained in service through at least 1967, and her hull was used for a while afterward as a service vessel for repairing navigation systems. She was reportedly scrapped in 1975, though she may have been used for many years more."
MS Marco Polo,"MS  Marco Polo was a cruise ship originally built as ocean liner Aleksandr Pushkin in 1965 by Mathias-Thesen-Werft, East Germany  for the Soviet Union's Baltic Shipping Company. After major alterations and additions, the ship operated as Marco Polo for the Orient Lines from 1993 to 2008. It last sailed for UK-based Cruise & Maritime Voyages and its German subsidiary Transocean Tours. After Cruise & Maritime Voyages entered administration in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was sold at auction by CW Kellock & Co. Ltd. for US$2,770,000 on 22 October 2020; it was subsequently resold and in January 2021 was beached at Alang, India and scrapped."
MS Thomson Celebration,"The MS Thomson Celebration was a cruise ship owned by TUI UK, and last operated by their United Kingdom-based Marella Cruises. She was built in 1984 by Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint-Nazaire, France for Holland America Line (HAL) as MS Noordam. On 29 April 2020, Marella announced that the ship would be retired from the fleet and sold for scrap. The ship beached for scrap in Aliaga, Turkey in 2022."
Marella Discovery 2,"Marella Discovery 2 is the lead ship of the Vision class of cruise ships originally operated by Royal Caribbean International.  With a gross tonnage of 69,130 GT, the ship can carry 2,074 passengers. Its maiden voyage was May 16, 1995. The ship's facilities include a rock climbing wall, a mini-golf course, dining areas and bars, an atrium, two pools, a theatre and a fitness centre."
MS Marella Dream,"MS Homeric (also known as Marella Dream) was a cruise ship built in 1986 at the Meyer Werft shipyard in Papenburg, West Germany as Homeric for Home Lines, and their last newbuild to remain in active service. In 1988 she was sold to Holland America Line, renamed Westerdam, and in 1990 lengthened by 36.9 m (121 ft 1 in) at Meyer Werft. In 2002 she was transferred to the fleet of Costa Cruises and renamed Costa Europa. In April 2010 she was taken on a ten-year charter by Thomson Cruises, under the name Thomson Dream.
Following the 2017 renaming of Thomson Cruises to Marella Cruises, TUI Group also changed the ship's name to Marella Dream. She was retired from Marella Cruises in November 2020 and was sold, then broken up in 2022."
MS Marella Spirit,"MS Marella Spirit was a cruise ship owned by Holland America Line and operated under charter by the United Kingdom-based Marella Cruises. She was built in 1983 at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in France for Holland America Line as MS Nieuw Amsterdam. Between 2000 and 2001 she sailed for United States Lines, a subsidiary of American Classic Voyages, as MS Patriot. In 2002 she returned under Holland America Line ownership and reverted to the name Nieuw Amsterdam, but was not used in active service. During the same year she was chartered to Louis Cruise Lines, who in turn sub-chartered the ship to Thomson Cruises, with whom she entered service under MS Thomson Spirit in 2003.

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MS Mediterranean Sky,"The MS City of York was a combination-passenger liner built in 1953 for Ellerman Lines' service between London and South Africa. Sold in 1971 to Karageorgis Lines, she was converted to a cruiseferry and renamed from MS Mediterranean Sky."
Mein Schiff 3,"Mein Schiff 3 (English: 'My Ship 3') is a cruise ship owned by TUI Cruises. She was delivered from STX Finland Turku Shipyard on 22 May 2014 and was followed by identical sister ships, Mein Schiff 4 in 2015, Mein Schiff 5 in 2016, Mein Schiff 6 in 2017. In addition, Mein Schiff 1 and Mein Schiff 2 were confirmed on 1 July 2015, with deliveries set for 2018 and 2019."
Mein Schiff 4,"Mein Schiff 4 (My Ship 4) is a cruise ship owned by TUI Cruises. Built by Meyer Turku Shipyard in Turku, Finland, she was floated out on 10 October 2014, delivered to TUI Cruises on 8 May 2015, and christened by former Olympic swimmer Franziska van Almsick in Kiel, Germany, on 5 June 2015.For the most part, Mein Schiff 4 is a copy of her sister ship, Mein Schiff 3."
Mein Schiff 5,"Mein Schiff 5 is a cruise ship owned by TUI Cruises.
Mein Schiff 5 is mainly similar to Mein Schiff 3, Mein Schiff 4, and  Mein Schiff 6 with only minor differences to its sister vessels."
Mein Schiff 6,"Mein Schiff 6 is a cruise ship owned by TUI Cruises.
Mein Schiff 6 is similar to Mein Schiff 3, Mein Schiff 4, and Mein Schiff 5 with only minor differences to its sister vessels."
MS Mikhail Kalinin,"MS  Mikhail Kalinin was an ocean liner owned by the Soviet Union's Baltic State Shipping Company. She was built in 1958 by VEB Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany. The Mikhail Kalinin, named after the nominal head of state of Russia and later of the Soviet Union Mikhail Kalinin, was scrapped in 1994 in Alang, India."
MV Minerva,"The Minerva is a cruise ship built in 1989, and originally intended as a Soviet research vessel, the Okean.  The deal to purchase her fell through and Swan Hellenic (at the time a subsidiary of P&O Cruises) purchased her in 1996 and renamed her Minerva."
Minghua (ship),"Minghua (simplified Chinese: 明华; traditional Chinese: 明華; pinyin: Mínghuá; Jyutping: ming4 waa4), formerly MV Ancerville, is a 1962 French liner later converted to a cruise ship. Now landlocked, she is the centerpiece of the Sea World development in Shekou, Shenzhen, China."
MV Monet,"MV Monet is a cruise ship operated by Noble Caledonia, based in United Kingdom.
Built in 1970, Monet has been refurbished and designed in 1997 to serve as a large luxury yacht."
MS Sun Princess (2023),"Sun Princess is a Sphere-class cruise ship scheduled for delivery in early 2024. The ship will become the largest ship in the Princess Cruises fleet at 175,500 tonnes."
MV Munster (1947),"MV Orpheus was a cruise ship launched on 25 March 1947 and completed on 17 January 1948 by the shipyard Harland and Wolff in Belfast as Munster for B&I Line. It replaced the earlier Munster, built in 1938, which sank in 1940.
By 1967, the ship, onto which cars were loaded by crane, began to look dated compared to newer ships of the roll-on/roll-off variety. It was sold in 1969 to Epirotiki Lines.
It was renamed Theseus for about a year before being given its final name, Orpheus. Epirotiki overhauled the ship for two years to bring it in line with market conditions, reducing its capacity for passengers from 1,500 to 372 while increasing passenger comfort, adding a pool and redesigning the cabins.
Orpheus was relocated to the Americas where it sailed in Alaska, Mexico, and Panama for about one year. It was then relocated to Greece and operated in the Mediterranean.
In 1974, the cruise line Swan Hellenic chartered the ship. Despite its age, Orpheus was very popular with British passengers, but by the mid-1980s it became difficult for the ship to hide its age. Swan Hellenic replaced it with Minerva. Orpheus was decommissioned in 1998 and scrapped in 2000."
National Geographic Orion,"National Geographic Orion (previously known as MS Orion and MY Orion) is operated by New York City-based Lindblad Expeditions - National Geographic.

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MS Nautica,"MS Nautica is a cruise ship, built for Renaissance Cruises as part of their R class. Nautica is now owned and operated by Oceania Cruises, where she is part of their Regatta Class. She was built in 2000 by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in Saint-Nazaire, France, for Renaissance Cruises as MS R Five. Between 2002 and 2004 she sailed for Pullmantur Cruises before entering service with her current owners in 2005.On 30 November 2008 while sailing on the Gulf of Aden the Nautica came under attack by Somali pirates, but was able to escape without any injuries to passenger or crew.On 20 September 2018, during Storm Ali, the Nautica broke free from her moorings at Greenock in Scotland at the height of the tempest leaving holidaymakers stranded."
SS Nieuw Amsterdam (1937),"SS Nieuw Amsterdam was a Dutch transatlantic ocean liner that was built in 1938 and scrapped in 1974. She was the second Holland America Line (Nederlandsch-Amerikaansche Stoomvaart Maatschappij, or NASM) ship to be named after the former Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, now New York.
When new, Nieuw Amsterdam was the largest and swiftest ship in NASM's fleet, the largest ship in the Dutch merchant fleet, and the largest ship ever built in the Netherlands. She succeeded Statendam as NASM's flagship. She was the Netherlands' ""ship of state"", just as Normandie was for France, Queen Mary was for the United Kingdom, and Rex was for Italy.
Her peacetime career, both before and after the Second World War, was seasonal. She made transatlantic crossings between Rotterdam and Hoboken, New Jersey from about April to December, and cruises from about December to April. She cruised from NASM's terminal in Hoboken, mostly to the Caribbean. She twice cruised around South America: the first time early in 1939, and the second time early in 1950.
From 1940 to 1946 Nieuw Amsterdam was an Allied troopship. She served mostly in and around the Indian Ocean, but also in the Atlantic, and occasionally in the Pacific.
By 1970 she had started cruising from Port Everglades, Florida. In 1971 she ceased scheduled transatlantic services and was employed solely for cruising. She was withdrawn at the end of 1973, and scrapped in Taiwan in 1974.

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MS Nordkapp,"MS Nordkapp is a Hurtigruten (Norwegian Coastal Express) ship built in 1996 by Kleven Verft AS, Norway, for Ofotens og Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab for use in Hurtigruten ferry service along the coast of Norway. She is a sister ship of MS Polarlys and MS Nordnorge. Nordkapp is one of 11 ships that travel the Norwegian coast from Bergen to Kirkenes.
MS Nordkapp (North Cape) is named after the North Cape on the island of Magerøya in Northern Norway."
MS Nordnorge (1996),"The MS Nordnorge (literally: Northern Norway) is a Hurtigruten (Norwegian Coastal Express) ship. It was completed in 1997 by Kværner Kleven in Ulsteinvik, Norway, as a sister ship to MS Polarlys and MS Nordkapp. The Nordnorge has a gross tonnage of 11,386, crew capacity of 57, and can carry up to 691 passengers.
Since 2002 the Nordnorge has been employed in Antarctic cruise service during the northern hemisphere winter.There have been four Hurtigruten ships with the name of Nordnorge, which is Norwegian for ""Northern Norway"" – the common name of the three northern Norwegian counties.
During 2009 Nordnorge did not operate on the coast of Norway. The ship was hired out at the end of 2008 as a hotel ship in the Mediterranean, possibly in Venice."
MS Ocean Endeavour,MS Ocean Endeavour is a cruise ship built in Poland in 1981.
MV Ocean Life,"The MV Ocean Life was a cruise ship for a number of cruise lines, including Hellenic Seaways and Blue Ocean Cruises, under a number of names. She was sold for scrap in 2014."
SS Ocean Monarch (1950),"Ocean Monarch was a passenger steamship that was built by Vickers-Armstrongs in 1950. She served with Furness Bermuda Line for fifteen years, then with a Bulgarian company for three years, renamed Varna. She spent much of the 1970s laid up, and was renamed Venus and then Riviera. In the early 1980s, she was renamed Reina del Mar and refitted for further use as a cruise ship, but a fire gutted her; and she was scuttled on 1 June 1981 after another fire broke out."
SS Oceanic (1963),"SS  Oceanic was a cruise ship built in 1963 by Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico, Monfalcone, Italy for Home Lines. Between 1985 and 2000, she sailed for Premier Cruise Line under the names Starship Oceanic and Big Red Boat I, before being sold to Pullmantur Cruises and reverting to her original name. In 2009 was sold to a new owner-operator, Peace Boat, which kept her until 2012.  She was broken up in China later that year."
SS Orcades (1921),"SS Orcades was built in Germany from 1903 and launched as Prinz Ludwig. She served on routes to South America until laid up in Germany during the 1914-1918 War.As part of war reparations Prinz Ludwig came under control of the British Shipping Controller in 1919 and she was managed for the British Government by P&O. At the war’s conclusion, there were countless thousands of Australian soldiers to be repatriated from Europe and she made several voyages to Australia in this role. Late in 1920 the Prinz Ludwig was laid up awaiting her next role, which came quickly for Orient Line was looking for ships.Prinz Ludwig was purchased by the Orient Steam Navigation Company (Orient Line) in 1921 and she underwent a refit and was renamed Orcades. 
After her refit she accommodated a comfortable 599 passengers, 123 First Class and 476 Third Class, and she commenced on the very busy Australian service on October 21, 1921. 
Due to her slower speed she operated on a secondary service, which was separate from the “mail service” thus she was prefixed SS and never RMS.Although she was never the best arrangement for Orient Line, she was a stop gap until Orient Line could build their new fleet of ships, the first scheduled to come into service in 1924, the next in 1925 and then the SS Orcades could be withdrawn.She departed London on her final voyage for Orient Line on September 20, 1924.
Upon her return she was placed on the market and the Orcades was laid up but was sold in due course and broken up at Bremerhaven Germany in 1925.
Orcades is an ancient name for the Orkney Islands."
SS Orcades (1947),"SS Orcades was an ocean liner serving primarily the UK – Australia – New Zealand route. She started service as a British Royal Mail Ship (RMS) carrying first and tourist class passengers. Orcades carried many migrants to Australia and New Zealand and was later used as a cruise ship, and is featured in the British Pathe films ""I am a passenger"" on YouTube.  She also made several voyages from Canada (Vancouver). ""Orcades"" is the Latin name for the Orkney Islands.
Built at the Barrow-in-Furness yard of Vickers-Armstrong, Orcades (yard no. 950) had an identical hull and machinery to P&O's Himalaya (yard no. 951), but differed in superstructure and interior layout. The vessel's near-sister ships were Oronsay and Orsova
In 1952 Orcades was fitted with a 'top hat' funnel extension to clear smoke from the after decks. On 7 May 1952, she ran aground in Port Philip Bay half a mile off Rosebud Pier, Victoria, Australia. She was refloated and returned to service.During the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, Orcades served as an accommodation ship.Orcades was refitted in 1959 and 1964. In the 1964 refit, Orcades became a single-class vessel and her hull colour changed from ""Orient corn"" to white."
SS Oronsay (1950),"SS Oronsay was the second Orient Line ship built after World War II. A sister ship to Orcades, she was named after the island of Oronsay off the west coast of Scotland.The liner was completed in 1951 at Vickers-Armstrong, Barrow-in-Furness, but was delivered several months behind schedule because of a serious fire that broke out in the fitting-out berth. The Oronsay operated the UK to Australasia service, via the Suez Canal. Her accommodation set new standards, in both first and tourist class, with decor by Brian O'Rourke. 
On 1 January 1954, Oronsay left Sydney on the first Orient Line transpacific voyage to Auckland, Suva, Honolulu, Victoria, Vancouver and San Francisco, returning via the same ports. In later years the transpacific sailings became a regular feature of the Orient/P&O services. 
In 1960 the Orient Line and P&O fleets were merged under the control of P&O-Orient Lines (Passenger Services) Ltd. Oronsay continued to operate under the Orient houseflag and retained her corn-coloured hull until 1964, when her hull was painted P&O white. In 1966, P&O having acquired the balance of the Orient shares (it had controlled Orient since 1919), Orient Line was wound up and Oronsay, along with her fleet mates, was transferred to the ownership of P&O and hoisted the P&O houseflag. 
Liner services were producing dwindling returns as jet airliner services between Europe and Australia expanded and Oronsay spent more and more time as a cruise ship, but, with declining passenger numbers, P&O could not sustain its large passenger fleet, withdrawals beginning in 1972. The large rises in the oil price in 1973/4 were the final straw  and Oronsay was withdrawn from service, the penultimate example of the six post war 28,000 ton types (Arcadia sailed on until 1979). On 7 October 1975 she arrived at Kaohsiung to be broken up by the Nan Feng Steel Enterprise Co.

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MV Ortelius,"MV Ortelius is an ice-strengthened vessel currently employed for expedition-style polar cruises by owner and operator Oceanwide Expeditions. She was originally named Marina Svetaeva and was built in Gdynia, Poland, in 1989 as a special-purpose vessel for the LLC RN-Sakhalinmorneftegaz.
The ship operated in the Russian Far East for the Marine Company Sakhalin-Kurils LLC, as a passenger and supply vessel, then as an accommodation and supply ship to oil fields in the northern Pacific Ocean. In December 2007, she was chartered by Aurora Expeditions of Sydney, Australia, as a cruise ship in the Arctic and Antarctic seas.
Marina Svetaeva was acquired in 2011 by the Dutch company Oceanwide Expeditions, based in Vlissingen, Netherlands. She was renamed Ortelius and registered in Cyprus.[5]On 16 January 2014, Ortelius was scheduled to sail for a 10-day Antarctic Peninsula voyage. All passengers were aboard, but the anchor system failed and the boat never left port. This technical problem was soon solved, however, and Ortelius continued her Antarctic season as planned. A highlight of that particular season was a successful expedition to Snow Hill Island, where passengers were transported by helicopter to a colony of emperor penguins and their chicks."
MS Oslofjord (1949),"MS  Oslofjord was a combined ocean liner/cruise ship built in 1949 by Netherlands Dock and Shipbuilding Company in Amsterdam, Netherlands for Norwegian America Line. As built she was 16,844 gross register tons, and could carry 620 passengers.
In an incident that made international news, in January 1957, while in drydock in Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, the MS Oslofjord tipped over and crashed against another ship. Eight crew members were injured and two were hospitalized. Two hundred other crew members were trapped inside the ship for more than an hour before being rescued.In 1967–1968 she was chartered to Greek Line and from 1968 onwards to Costa Crociere, who renamed her MS Fulvia in 1969. Following an explosion in the engine room, the Fulvia caught fire near the Canary Isles on 19 July 1970, and had to be evacuated. She sank on 20 July 1970 while being towed to Tenerife."
SS Pasteur (1938),"SS Pasteur was a steam turbine ocean liner built for Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique. She later sailed as Bremen for Norddeutscher Lloyd. In the course of her career, she sailed for 41 years under four names and six countries' flags.

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Paul Gauguin (ship),"MS Paul Gauguin is a cruise ship that was completed in 1997. It primarily operates in the South Pacific. Paul Gauguin Cruises is headquartered in Bellevue, Washington.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the ship did not sail for some time but resumed operations on 18 July 2020 for local residents and on 29 July for international guests, with reduced occupancy.A news report on 3 August 2020 stated that COVID-19 virus had been detected on the ship while it was in Papeete, Tahiti; passengers were required to stay in their cabins. As of that date, the ship was operated by the Ponant Company under the branding Paul Gauguin Cruises, The capacity was stated to be 318 guests plus a crew of 216. The ship had been modified to use a ""cleaner"" fuel: LS MGO – Low-Sulphur Marine Gas Oil and the company planned ""to offset 150 percent of its carbon emissions"". The company's web site discussed renovations that had been completed.

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Pearl Mist,"Pearl Mist is a small cruise ship, built in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
After her completion, years of legal dispute delayed her being put into operation, and she did not leave on her inaugural voyage until June 2014. She is currently operated by Pearl Seas Cruises.

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MS Pearl Seaways,"MS Pearl Seaways is a cruiseferry owned by DFDS Seaways and operated on their Copenhagen–Frederikshavn-Oslo service. She was built in 1989 by Wärtsilä Marine, Turku, for Rederi AB Slite as MS Athena for use in Viking Line traffic. Between 1993 and 2001, she sailed as MS Langkapuri Star Aquarius. From 2001 to 2011 she sailed as MS Pearl of Scandinavia.
Pearl Seaways has a sister ship, Star Pisces"
Polar Pioneer,"Polar Pioneer is a Finnish-built expedition cruise ship managed by the Swedish shipowners Polar Alca Maritime AB.
The ship was built in Finland in 1982 as the Akademik Schuleykin (Russian: Академик Шулейкин), an ice-strengthened research ship, and for many years she plied the waters of the USSR's northern coast. In 2000 she was refurbished in St. Petersburg to provide comfortable accommodation for 54 passengers.Her sister ships are Akademik Shokalskiy, Arnold Veymer, Akademik Gamburtsev, Professor Molchanov, Professor Multanovskiy, Geolog Dmitriy Nalivkin, Professor Polshkov, Professor Khromov.
Polar Pioneer is chartered by Polar Pioneer Management AS.

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Queen Elizabeth 2,"Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2) is a retired British ocean liner converted into a floating hotel. Originally built for the Cunard Line, the ship, the second one officially named Queen Elizabeth, was operated by Cunard as both a transatlantic liner and a cruise ship from 1969 to 2008. She was then laid up until converted and since 18 April 2018 has been operating as a floating hotel in Dubai.Queen Elizabeth 2 was designed for the transatlantic service from her home port of Southampton, UK, to New York, United States and was named after the earlier Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth. She served as the flagship of the line from 1969 until succeeded by Queen Mary 2 in 2004. Queen Elizabeth 2 was designed in Cunard's offices in Liverpool and Southampton and built in Clydebank, Scotland. She was considered the last of the transatlantic ocean liners until ""Project Genesis"" was announced by Cunard Line in 1995 after the business purchase of Cunard by Mickey Arison; chairman of Carnival and Carnival UK. Project Genesis was intended to create new life in the ocean liner saga, and in 1998, Cunard revealed the name: Queen Mary 2.
Queen Elizabeth 2 was refitted with a modern diesel powerplant in 1986–87. She undertook regular world cruises during almost 40 years of service, and later operated predominantly as a cruise ship, sailing out of Southampton, England. Queen Elizabeth 2 had no running mate and never ran a year-round weekly transatlantic express service to New York. She did, however, continue the Cunard tradition of regular scheduled transatlantic crossings every year of her service life.
Queen Elizabeth 2 retired from active Cunard service on 27 November 2008. She had been acquired by the private equity arm of Dubai World, which planned to begin conversion of the vessel to a 500-room floating hotel moored at the Palm Jumeirah, Dubai. The 2008 financial crisis intervened, however, and the ship was laid up at Dubai Drydocks and later Mina Rashid. Subsequent conversion plans were announced in 2012 and then again by the Oceanic Group in 2013, but both plans stalled. In November 2015, Cruise Arabia & Africa quoted DP World chairman Ahmed Sultan Bin Sulayem as saying that QE2 would not be scrapped and a Dubai-based construction company announced in March 2017 that it had been contracted to refurbish the ship. The restored QE2 opened to visitors on 18 April 2018, with a soft opening."
MS Regal Empress,"The MS Regal Empress was a cruise ship that recently operated for Imperial Majesty Cruise Line. She was built in 1953 by Alexander Stephen & Sons at Glasgow, Scotland as the ocean liner SS Olympia for the Greek Line. Greek Line withdrew the Olympia from service in 1974. Following an extended lay-up period and reconstruction into a diesel-engined Caribbean cruise ship, the ship re-emerged in 1983 as MS Caribe I for Commodore Cruise Line. In 1993 she was sold to Regal Cruise Line and received her final name. She operated for Imperial Majesty Cruise Line from 2003 until 2009. The Regal Empress was also the last vintage passenger ship to regularly sail from the United States."
MS Regatta,"MS  Regatta was built for Renaissance Cruises as an R-class cruise ship, she is owned and operated by Oceania Cruises where she is part of their Regatta class. She was built in 1998 by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in St. Nazaire, France, for Renaissance Cruises as R Two. Between 2002 and 2003 she sailed as Insignia before receiving her current name."
MV Regent Sky,"MV Regent Sky was an unfinished cruise ship that travelled to several locations during her incomplete construction. She was initially being built in Poland as the cruise ferry Stena Baltica, one of four sister ships planned for the Stena Line. Still incomplete, she was purchased by Regency Cruises and moved to Greece, but her new owners filed for bankruptcy in 1995.
The unfinished ship was sold for scrap in July 2011."
MS Renaissance,"MS Renaissance was a 1966 built cruise liner. She was built by Chantiers de l’Atlantique for Compagnie Francaise de Navigation, a subsidiary of Paquet Cruises. She operated for various owners until she was sold to be scrapped at Alang, India in 2010."
NOAAS Researcher,"NOAAS Researcher (R 103), was an American oceanographic research vessel in commission in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1970 to 1996. She had been delivered to the  United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1970 as USC&GS Researcher (OSS 03), but did not enter commission until after her transfer to NOAA later that year. In 1988, Researcher was renamed NOAAS Malcolm Baldrige (R 103).
After her United States Government career came to an end, Malcolm Baldrige became the cruise ship MV Ushuaia, operating between Argentina and Antarctica.

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Rochdale One,"M/V Rochdale One was a cruise ship built by the French shipyard Ateliers et Chantiers Dubigeon-Normandie at Nantes in 1977 for the Soviet Union. As the Ayvasovskiy (Russian: Айвазовский) she was operated by the Danube Shipping Company, mainly in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. At around 7,600 GRT, with a length of 121.5 metres (399 ft) and a draught of 4.5 metres (15 ft), she was small for a cruise ship and carried only 328 passengers.In 1997, she was chartered by German company Phoenix Reisen, and renamed Carina. In 2000, she was sold and renamed Primexpress Island, sailing out of Cyprus as a floating casino. However, in 2001 the ship was arrested at the port of Limassol because of unpaid bills.Eventually the ship was acquired by three Dutch housing associations; Algemene Woningbouw Vereniging (AWV), DUWO, and Woningstichting Rochdale, who agreed to cooperate in order to alleviate the extreme shortage of student accommodation in Amsterdam. The ship was towed to Greece to be converted into an accommodation vessel before sailing to Amsterdam, arriving there on 8 July 2004. Renamed Rochdale One, she was used at Amsterdam from 2004 until 2009 as a home for 194 students. The ship was then laid up until August 2011, when she was towed to 's-Gravendeel, Netherlands, before being sold to a Lebanese company. In February 2012, she was towed to Tripoli, Lebanon.In July 2013, after a failed attempt to sell the ship to Russian buyers, she sailed to Aliağa, Turkey, to be scrapped.

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SS Rotterdam (1908),"SS Rotterdam was a steam ocean liner that was launched and completed in Ireland in 1908, and scrapped in the Netherlands in 1940. Holland America Line (HAL) owned and operated her throughout her career. She was the fourth of seven HAL ships to have been named after the Dutch city of Rotterdam. Until Statendam entered service in 1929, Rotterdam was the largest and swiftest ship in the company's fleet, and was the company's flagship."
Royal Clipper,"Royal Clipper is a steel-hulled five-masted fully rigged tall ship used as a cruise ship. She was redesigned by Robert McFarlane of McFarlane ShipDesign, for Star Clippers Ltd. of Sweden, the same designer behind the cruise company's first two vessels. This third one was built using an existing steel hull designed by Zygmunt Choreń that was modified by the Gdańsk Shipyard, where 24 metres (79 ft) was added to its length.
Originally built by Polish communist authorities as ""Gwarek"" she was intended as a floating vacation home for miners. She was sold because of financial problems. The Merwede shipyard completed the ship's interior in July 2000, whilst visiting the Pool of London, for its pre-launch to the travel industry. The renovations included frescography murals by Rainer Maria Latzke completing the ship's Mediterranean interior. Her design was based on Preussen, a famous German five-mast Flying P-Liner windjammer built in 1902.
Star Clippers claims that she is the largest ""true sailing ship"" built since Preussen. She is listed in Guinness World Records as the largest square-rigged ship in service, with 5,202 square metres (55,990 sq ft) of sail. Her sails can be handled with a crew as small as twenty using powered controls.Royal Clipper cruises the Mediterranean during the summer. During the winter she offers Caribbean trips through the southern parts of the Lesser Antilles area. Because of her size, she can visit smaller ports that larger (motor) cruise ships can't reach. Transatlantic crossings are available between seasons."
Saga Pearl II,"MS Saga Pearl II was a cruise ship of about 18,700 GT that was built in Germany by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft as the Astor in 1981. After short unsuccessful operations with two owners, she was bought by the East German government in 1985 and renamed Arkona. After 1990 the ship was operated by Seetours, which was acquired by P&O Princess Cruises in 1999, and then chartered to Transocean Tours as Astoria in 2002. From 2009 until 2019 she was owned by Saga Cruises as Saga Pearl II (and a short period as Quest for Adventure), then withdrawn from service, laid up as Pearl II, and scrapped in 2022."
MS Salamis Filoxenia,"MS Salamis Filoxenia was a cruise ship formerly owned by the Cyprus-based Salamis Cruises at end, but sold, because company closed business. She was built in 1975 by Wärtsilä Turku Shipyard as the Belorussiya class-cruiseferry Gruziya for the Black Sea Shipping Company, Soviet Union. She was rebuilt into a cruise ship during the 1980s. In 1995, she was renamed Odessa Sky and in 1999 briefly Club 1 before renamed Van Gogh later in 1999. In 2009, she was acquired by her current owner and renamed Salamis Filoxenia. The ship has since been renamed to Titan and sold to ship-breakers in Gadani, Pakistan where she will be scrapped."
CS Salamis Glory,"CS Salamis Glory (formerly Anna Nery, Danaos, Constellation, Morning Star, Regency Spirit) was a cruise ship registered in Limassol, Cyprus. She cruised the Eastern Mediterranean Sea visiting countries such as Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Greece and Egypt out of Limassol. Entering service in 1962 for a Brazilian shipping company as Anna Nery, the cruise ship was involved in two collisions off Haifa, Israel during its career, one in 1963, 25 km off of Rio de Janeiro with a tanker, and again in 2007. The vessel was sold for scrap in 2009 and broken up.

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RMS Saxonia (1954),"RMS Saxonia was a British passenger liner built by John Brown & Company at Clydebank, Scotland for the Cunard Steamship Company for their Liverpool-Montreal service. She was the first of four almost identical sister ships built by Browns between 1954 and 1957 for UK-Montreal service. The first two of these ships, Saxonia and Ivernia were extensively rebuilt in 1962/3 as dual purpose liner/cruise ships. They were renamed Carmania and Franconia respectively and painted in the same green cruising livery as the Caronia. Carmania continued  transatlantic crossings and cruises until September 1967 when she closed out Cunard's Montreal service. She and her sister had been painted white at the end of 1966 and from 1968 Carmania sailed as a full time cruise ship until withdrawal after arriving at Southampton on 31 October 1971. In August 1973 she was bought by the Soviet Union-based Black Sea Shipping Company and renamed SS Leonid Sobinov. The ship was scrapped in 1999."
Scarlet Lady,"Scarlet Lady is a cruise ship owned and operated by Virgin Voyages. She is the inaugural ship for the cruise line and was delivered on 14 February 2020 by Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri. The 110,000 GT vessel was initially set to begin operating on 1 April 2020 but the COVID-19 pandemic postponed her official debut until 6 October 2021, after which she sailed her inaugural voyage to the Bahamas from her homeport of Miami. In accordance with Virgin Voyages's business model, Scarlet Lady operates exclusively as an ""adults-only"" ship for guests aged 18 and over."
Scenic Eclipse,"Scenic Eclipse  is a passenger ship operated by the Scenic Group. As of August 2020, she is the first ocean going vessel and flagship for the Scenic Group. The vessel was built at the Uljanik shipyard in Pula, Croatia.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Scenic Eclipse was in 'warm lay-up status' in the Port of Rijeka from May 2020 until June 2021 when it sailed to Saudi Arabia. The ship resumed scheduled passenger operations in January 2022."
MV Sea Adventurer,"M/V Ocean Adventurer is an ice-capable expedition cruise ship operating commercial voyages to both polar regions, with Quark Expeditions of Seattle, WA, USA. The vessel was renamed on 1 October 2012, having previously been registered as ""Clipper Adventurer"". She is the sister ship to the MV Lyubov Orlova. Built in 1975 in the former Yugoslavia as Alla Tarasova, she underwent a $13 million refit in 1998 managed by Master Mariner AB, Sweden.
During the summer of 2009 Adventure Canada of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada carried passengers through the Northwest Passage on the Clipper Adventurer.
On 27 August 2010, Clipper Adventurer ran aground of a supposedly uncharted rock in the waters of Nunavut's Coronation Gulf during a cruise. The collision damaged the ship's ballast and fuel tanks, leading pollution to be released into the Coronation Gulf. 128 passengers and 69 crew members were stranded until they were rescued by the  CCGS Amundsen. It was later found that the rock was indeed a known hazard and had already been properly reported by the Canadian Hydrographic Service.The salvage job was awarded to Resolve Marine Group, a Florida-based Salvage company.  On 18 September 2010, the ship was successfully towed into Cambridge Bay."
Seabourn Venture,"Seabourn Venture is an ultra-luxury expedition cruise ship operated by Seabourn Cruise Line. The ship's hull was built built by the CIMAR Shipyard in San Giorgio di Nogaro and outfitted at T. Mariotti in Genoa. Its keel was laid in December 2019 and in March 2021 the hull was towed to Genoa to be completed. Sea trials began in April 2022 and the ship was delivered to Seabourn Cruise Line on 28 June 2022 in Genoa. It is Carnival Corporation's first expedition cruise ship.

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SeaDream I,"SeaDream I is a yacht-style  cruise ship operated by SeaDream Yacht Club since 2001. In service since 1984, she was formerly named Sea Goddess I and operated for Sea Goddess Line and Cunard. In January 2000 she was transferred to Seabourn, becoming Seabourn Goddess I.  She is a sister ship to SeaDream II."
SeaDream II,"SeaDream II is a small cruise ship operated by SeaDream Yacht Club.  In service since 1985, she was formerly named Sea Goddess II and operated by Cunard. This was followed by a transfer to Seabourn in 2000 where she became Seabourn Goddess II.  In 2001 the ship was sold to Sea Dream Yacht Club.  She is a sister ship to SeaDream I."
Seven Seas Explorer,"Seven Seas Explorer is an Explorer-class cruise ship currently operated by Regent Seven Seas Cruises, a subsidiary of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings. Debuting in 2016, she became the first new-build ship for Regent in more than a decade and the largest ship to ever operate for Regent.

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Seven Seas Mariner,"Seven Seas Mariner is a cruise ship operated by Regent Seven Seas Cruises (formerly Radisson Seven Seas Cruises). She was the first all-suite, all-balcony ship in the world, and was awarded ""Ship of the Year"" in 2002 by Ocean and Cruise News. Also, she was the first to offer dining by the famous Le Cordon Bleu of Paris in one of the onboard restaurants. Her staff to guest ratio is 1 to 1.6.
In 2009, Seven Seas Mariner made the news when it rescued an around-the-world-sailor from a crippled sailing yacht west of New Zealand.In March 2022, the ship was almost hit by a tornado as it departed the port of New Orleans. No damage or casualties were reported."
Seven Seas Navigator,"Seven Seas Navigator is a luxury cruise ship operated by Regent Seven Seas Cruises.  She entered service for Radisson Seven Seas Cruises in 1999.  Ninety percent of her cabins have their own private verandas. She has no sister ships. The hull was constructed by former USSR (Russia) as a satellite tracking ship. The hull was purchased by RSSC and the superstructure was finished by Mariotti Yards, Italy.

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Seven Seas Voyager,"Seven Seas Voyager is a cruise ship for Regent Seven Seas Cruises headquartered in Miami, Florida. She entered service in 2003. Every cabin on board is a suite with a balcony. In 2006, a Forbes.com article listed the Asia leg of the Voyager's world cruise as the most expensive cruise in the Asia region.

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SS Shalom,"SS Shalom was a combined ocean liner/cruise ship built in 1964 by Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St Nazaire, France, for ZIM Lines, Israel, for transatlantic service from Haifa to New York. In 1967, SS Shalom was sold to the German Atlantic Line, becoming their second SS Hanseatic. Subsequently she served as SS Doric for Home Lines, SS Royal Odyssey for Royal Cruise Line and SS Regent Sun for Regency Cruises. The ship was laid up in 1995 following the bankruptcy of Regency Cruises. Numerous attempts were made to bring her back to service, but none were successful. The ship sank outside Cape St. Francis, South Africa, on 26 July 2001, while en route to India to be scrapped.On 26 November 1964, SS Shalom accidentally rammed the Norwegian tanker Stolt Dagali outside New York, resulting in the loss of nineteen Stolt Dagali crew members and damage to the stern of the tanker."
Ship for Southeast Asian and Japanese Youth Program,"The Ship for Southeast Asian and Japanese Youth Program (東南アジア青年の船 Tōnan-ajia-seinen-no-fune?), commonly referred to as The Ship for Southeast Asian Youth Program and SSEAYP  (listen),  see-YAHP, is an annual youth exchange program organised by the Cabinet Office of Japan and governments of Southeast Asian countries for the purpose of promoting friendship and mutual understanding among the youths of eleven Southeast Asian countries and Japan, to broaden their perspective on the world, and furthermore, to strengthen their spirit of international cooperation and practical skills for international collaboration. Since its inception in 1974, the program has organised 46 international voyages attended by youth delegations sent by governments of respective members.
Four cruise ships have been deployed by the CaO for the journeys."
MS Shota Rustaveli,"MS  Shota Rustaveli was a cruise ship, built in 1968 by V.E.B. Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany for the Soviet Union's Black Sea Shipping Company and named after the Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli. After the fall of the Soviet Union she was handed to Ukraine. In 2000, she was sold to Kaalbye Group and renamed MS Assedo. In 2003, she was scrapped at Alang, India."
Silver Cloud (ship),"Silver Cloud is a small cruise ship operated by Silversea Cruises, the luxury brand of the Royal Caribbean Group conglomerate of cruise lines.  She entered service in 1994 as Silversea's first ship. Her sister ship is the Silver Wind, launched in 1995.Silver Cloud formerly sailed on European itineraries (both the North Sea and the Mediterranean) in summer. In winter, she cruised in the Caribbean and South America. Since the ship was ice strengthened in 2017, itineraries have concentrated on polar regions, with visits to less common cruise destinations on transfers between the Arctic and Antarctic.

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Silver Endeavor,"Silver Endeavour (formerly Crystal Endeavor) is a cruise ship operated by Silversea Cruises. Originally built for Crystal Cruises by MV Werften in Stralsund, Germany, she was laid down in 2018 and completed in June 2021. She is the world's largest ice class expedition yacht, bearing a Polar Class rating of PC6."
Silver Explorer,"Silver Explorer is an expedition ship operated by Silversea Cruises. The ship typically hosts cruises to Norway, the South Pacific, and Antarctica. It is the first ship of Silversea involved in expedition cruising."
Silver Muse,Silver Muse is a cruise ship owned by Silversea Cruises. It was constructed by Fincantieri in Genoa and joined the company's fleet in April 2017.
Silver Shadow (ship),"Silver Shadow is a cruise ship that entered service in 2000, and is operated by Silversea Cruises. The passenger capacity is 382 passengers, and there are 295 crew members. Her sister ship is Silver Whisper, and both ships were built by the Mariotti Shipyard in Genoa, Italy. They both have a high space-to-passenger ratio at 74, providing more space per passenger than any other cruise ship. Space ratio is calculated by dividing a vessel's gross tonnage by its passenger capacity. The passenger-to-crew ratio is also high, at 1.31 to 1."
Silver Whisper,"Silver Whisper is a cruise ship that entered service in 2001, and is operated by Silversea Cruises. The passenger capacity is 382 passengers, and there are 295 crew members. Her sister ship is Silver Shadow; both ships were built by the Mariotti Shipyard in Genoa, Italy. They both have a high space-to-passenger ratio—the ship's gross tonnage divided by the passenger capacity—at 74, providing more space per passenger than any other cruise ship. The passenger-to-crew ratio is also high, at 1.31 to 1."
Silver Wind,"Silver Wind is a small cruise ship operated by Silversea Cruises, a luxury cruise line. The ship entered service in 1995 and is the second ship of her class, the first being her sister ship Silver Cloud, in service since 1994. She can accommodate 296 guests."
MS Siritara Ocean Queen,"MS  Siritara Ocean Queen was a cruise ship owned since 2006 by Siritara Enterprise in Thailand. She was built in 1964 by VEB Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany as Bashkiriya for the Soviet Union's Black Sea Shipping Company. It was named after an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the former Soviet Union Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The ship capsized 10 October 2006 and was a total loss. She was later scrapped on site."
MV Skorpios I,MV Skorpios I was a Chile-registered cruise ship owned and operated by Cruceros Skorpios. She had simple decorated wood style interior and copper plates covering the hull to avoid ice shocks at the wood structure. The ship was scrapped on 25 October 2018.
MV Skorpios II,"MV Skorpios II is a Chile-registered cruise ship owned and operated by Cruceros Skorpios. The ship was built in 1988 on Skorpios, Chile shipyards under SOLAS and IMO regulations and under the ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), Class Nr 890.56.66, A1 ice. Its remodeled in equipment cabins, bathrooms and dining 2010. It has certificate of registration number 2567 of the Directorate General of Maritime Territory of Chile and International Load Line Certificate. Its capacity is up to 106 passengers based on double occupancy, has 53 cabins distributed in 4 decks."
MV Skorpios III,"MV Skorpios III is a Chile-registered cruise ship owned and operated by Cruceros Skorpios. The Ship was built in 1995 in the Skorpios, Chile shipyard under Chilean regulations and international navigation as SOLAS and IMO. It is classified by ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), Class Nr 951.93.18, A1 ice. It was remodeled in 2012, in his hotel equipment and booths. It has a length of 70 meters, a width of 10 meters and a draft of 3.30 meters, displacing 1,600 tons with International Load Line Certificate and certificate of registration number 2869 of the Directorate General of Maritime Territory of Chile. Its capacity is up to 90 passengers, based on 45 double cabins."
MS Sobieski,MS Sobieski was a Polish passenger ship launched in 1939. It was constructed for the South American service of the Gdynia-America Line – GAL to replace the aging SS Kościuszko and SS Pulaski. She was named in honour of the Polish king Jan III Sobieski. Sobieski was to be a sister ship to the MS Chrobry.
MS Sounds of Orient,"MS  Sounds of Orient was an ocean liner owned since 1988 by Crosby Corp. Ltd in Panama. She was built in 1962 by VEB Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany as Khabarovsk for the Soviet Union's Far East Shipping Company. The ship was used for service between Nakhodka and Yokohama, Japan. It was named after the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Soviet Union Khabarovsk."
SS Southern Cross (1954),"SS Southern Cross was an ocean liner built in 1955 by Harland & Wolff, Belfast, Northern Ireland for the United Kingdom-based Shaw, Savill & Albion Line for Europe—Australia service. In 1975 she was rebuilt as a cruise ship and subsequently sailed under the names Calypso, Azure Seas and OceanBreeze until 2003 when she was sold for scrap to Ahmed Muztaba Steel Industries, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
The Southern Cross was the first passenger ship of over 20,000 gross register tons to be built that had the engine room (and as a result of that, the funnel) located near the stern, rather than amidships. She started a trend of aft-engined ships, and today most passenger ships are built this way.  Southern Cross was also the first major liner to have no cargo space, other than for ship's stores and passenger luggage."
Sphere-class cruise ship,The Sphere-class cruise ship is a class of cruise ships currently under construction that will enter service with Princess Cruises in 2024. They will be the largest ships built for Princess Cruises and the company's first ships powered by liquefied natural gas (LNG). The first name was revealed to be Sun Princess.
Spirit of Adventure (2020 ship),"Spirit of Adventure is a cruise ship operated by Saga Cruises and constructed by Meyer Werft in Papenburg, Germany. As Saga's second new-build vessel, she was originally considered as an option in the cruise line's pursuit to renew its fleet, but the company finalised the order in 2017 after seeing rising profits in its travel business following the announcement of her sister ship, Spirit of Discovery. Her keel was laid on 3 June 2019 and she was delivered on 29 September 2020, but in response to travel restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the inaugural cruise was continuously postponed until she officially debuted on 26 July 2021. 
Spirit of Adventure operates under Saga's business model of targeting guests ages 50 and over and shares many of the same dimensions with her sister ship, but includes a different interior design to better distinguish her identity as a distinct vessel in the fleet."
Spirit of Discovery (2019),"Spirit of Discovery is a 58,250 GT cruise ship operating for Saga Cruises. Built by Meyer Werft, the ship was delivered on 24 June 2019 and began operations on 10 July 2019. Upon delivery, she became Saga's first ever new-build ship. She is Saga's largest ship to ever operate in its history, a title she will share with her sister ship, Spirit of Adventure, after she was delivered in September 2020."
SS St. Sunniva,"SS St. Sunniva was one of the first purpose-built cruise ships. Converted into a ferry in 1908, she operated as the Lerwick mail steamer until 10 April 1930, when she ran aground off Shetland and was a complete loss."
TSS Stefan Batory,The TS/S Stefan Batory was an ocean liner built in the Netherlands in 1952. It was operated by Holland America Lines and later Polish Ocean Lines. It remained in service until 1988 and was scrapped in 2000 in Turkey.
SS Stella Solaris,"SS Stella Solaris (lit. ""Star of the Sun"", formerly SS Cambodge) was an ocean liner built for Messageries Maritimes in 1953. She mainly provided passenger service between France, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Japan.
Stella Solaris was built in Dunkirk in northern France as Cambodge, and along with two sister ships, the SS Viet Nam and SS Laos (all three were nicknamed 'les blancs'/the 'whites' by their crews, because of their colour). She made her first voyage in 1953. After the 1970s, she was bought by a Greek company and converted into a cruise ship. Most of her working life was spent as a cruise ship in the Aegean Sea and she also made frequent transatlantic voyages to South America and the Caribbean Sea. Few major damaging incidents happened to Stella Solaris, and she quickly became one of the more popular cruise vessels of the time. An economic crisis in the cruise ship trade in 2003–2004 caused many older vessels, such as Stella Solaris, to be sold for scrap. After 54 years of service, she was retired in December 2003 and broken up in Alang, Bhavnagar District, India."
RMS Strathaird,"RMS Strathaird, later TSS Strathaird, was an ocean liner of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O).
She was the second of five sister ships in what came to be called the ""Strath"" class. All previous P&O steamships had black-painted hulls and funnels but Strathaird and her sisters were painted with white hulls and buff funnels, which earned them the nickname ""The Beautiful White Sisters"" or just ""The White Sisters"". Strathaird and her sister ship RMS Strathnaver were Royal Mail Ships that worked P&O's regular liner route between Tilbury in Essex, England and Brisbane in Queensland, Australia. In 1935, they were joined by the third ship of the class, RMS Strathmore.Strathaird remained in service for almost 30 years, being scrapped in 1961."
SS Stratheden,"SS Stratheden was a UK-built steam turbine ocean liner. She spent most of her career with the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, including the Second World War when she served for six years as a troop ship.
In 1964 John S Latsis bought Stratheden, renamed her Henrietta Latsi and put her into service as a cruise ship. In 1966 he renamed her Marianna Latsi. She was laid up from 1967 and scrapped in 1969.
Stratheden was the fourth to be built of a set of five sister ships that came to be called the ""Strath"" class. All previous P&O steamships had black-painted hulls and funnels but the ""Strath"" class were painted with white hulls and buff funnels, which earned them the nickname ""The Beautiful White Sisters"" or just ""The White Sisters""."
RMS Strathmore,"RMS Strathmore was an ocean liner and Royal Mail Ship of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O), the third of five sister ships built for P&O in the ""Strath"" class. Launched in 1935, she served on the company's route from London to India until 1940, when she was requisitioned for war service as a troop ship, and redesignated as SS Strathmore, until being returned to her owners in 1948. After a long re-fit, she resumed service with P&O from 1949 until 1963, when she was sold to Latsis Lines and renamed Marianna Latsi, then Henrietta Latsi, before being laid up in 1967 and finally scrapped in 1969."
RMS Strathnaver,"RMS Strathnaver, later SS Strathnaver, was an ocean liner of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O).
She was the first of five sister ships in what came to be called the ""Strath"" class. All previous P&O steamships had black-painted hulls and funnels but Strathnaver and her sisters were painted with white hulls and buff funnels, which earned them the nickname ""The Beautiful White Sisters"" or just ""The White Sisters"". Strathnaver and her sister ships RMS Strathaird and  RMS Strathmore were Royal Mail Ships that worked P&O's regular liner route between Tilbury in Essex, England and Brisbane in Queensland, Australia.Strathnaver remained in service for just over 30 years, being scrapped in 1962."
MS Svea Corona,"MS  Svea Corona was a car-passenger ferry built in 1975 by Dubegion-Normandie S.A., Nantes, France for Rederi AB Svea, Sweden for Silja Line traffic. She was later rebuilt as a cruiseship and known under names MS Sundancer and MS Pegasus. She was scrapped in 1995 in Aliağa, Turkey."
MS Svea Regina,"MS  Svea Regina was a car and passenger ferry, built in 1972 by the Dubigeon Normandie shipyard in Nantes, France for Rederi AB Svea for use in Silja Line traffic. She subsequently sailed under the names Regina, Mediterranean Sun, Odysseas Eleytis, Scandinavia Sky, Tallink, El Tor, Monte Carlo and El Safa, until scrapped in Alang, India in 2005.
As Svea Regina she was, together with her sister MS Aallotar, the first ship to start year-round daily traffic between Helsinki and Stockholm, the capitals of Finland and Sweden, respectively."
MS Taras Shevchenko (1965),"This is about the cruise ship. For the river cruise ship, see T. G. Shevchenko (1991).MS  Taras Shevchenko was a cruise ship owned by the Soviet Union's Black Sea Shipping Company. She was built in 1966 by V.E.B. Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany. She was scrapped in 2005 in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The ship was named after Ukrainian painter and poet Taras Shevchenko."
MS The World,"MS The World is a private residential cruise ship operated like a condominium complex, with large apartments that can be purchased. The residents, from many countries, can live on board as the ship travels. Some residents choose to live on board full-time while others visit periodically throughout the year. The ship is operated by ROW Management, Ltd., headquartered in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States.The ship has 165 residences (106 apartments, 19 studio apartments, and 40 studios), all owned by the ship's residents. Average occupancy is 150–200 residents and guests.
The World is registered in The Bahamas and has a gross tonnage of 43,188. It is 196.35 metres (644 ft 2 in) long, 29.8 metres (98 ft) wide, and has a 6.7-metre (22 ft) draft, 12 decks, and a maximum speed of 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph). The crew numbers approximately 280.
As of 28 January 2017 The World holds the world record for the southernmost ship voyage, achieved by her Captain Dag H. Sævik and the 63 residents on board at the time as well as crewmembers. The ship reached 78°43•997´S and 163°41•421´W at the Bay of Whales in Antarctica’s Ross Sea.In March 2020 the ship was emptied of passengers and non-essential crew because of concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic. The World returned to service in July 2021.Several other residence cruise ships are under construction or planned, including Utopia,  Njord,  Dark Island  and Narrative.

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SS Uganda (1952),"SS Uganda was a British steamship that had a varied and notable career. She was built in 1952 as a passenger liner, and successively served as a cruise ship, hospital ship, troop ship and stores ship. She was laid up in 1985 and scrapped in 1992."
MV Ushuaia,
Valiant Lady (ship),"Valiant Lady is a cruise ship operated by Virgin Voyages. After she was ordered in October 2016 with Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri, her coin ceremony was held in February 2019 and she was floated out in May 2020 from the shipyard in Sestri Ponente. She was delivered to Virgin in July 2021 as the fleet's second vessel and sailed her maiden voyage in March 2022 from Portsmouth. At 110,000 GT and measuring 278 metres (912 ft) long for a capacity of 2,770 passengers, she was built with similar proportions to older sister ship Scarlet Lady."
Victory III,"The Victory III is the boat on which the St. Augustine Scenic Cruise is conducted. The boat is berthed at the St. Augustine Public Marina, which is in downtown St. Augustine, Florida. The Scenic Cruise and the Victory III are property of the Usina family. The Usinas have had a boat service since 1900. The scenic tour and other excursions have been conducted in St. Augustine since before World War I. The Victory and the Victory II preceded the current boat.The Victory III takes tourists on an hour-and-fifteen-minute tour of Matanzas Bay, which is St. Augustine's waterfront. The boat passes by the St. Augustine Lighthouse, in a bay known as Salt Run. The boat captain narrates the cruise, pointing out local sites. The Scenic Cruise website says the cruise is conducted four to five times a day every day of the year except American Thanksgiving and Christmas. The boat has restrooms and snacks for purchase available for the tours.The boat itself has two decks. The lower deck is mostly inside and protected from the weather, although a section in the bow is covered but open on the sides. The upper deck is completely open, with no roof. The wheelhouse is on the upper deck in the bow section. It is completely protected from the weather, being completely enclosed.The Trip Advisor website, as of August 2017, had 49 reviews of the cruise and rates an average of four-and-a-half out of five stars.  Out of 124 reviews on Facebook, the cruise receives 4.7 stars."
SS Viet-Nam,"SS Viet-Nam was an Ocean Liner built in Dunkirk, France for Messageries Maritimes in 1953. Viet-Nam was built along with two sister ships, the SS Cambodge and SS Laos (all three were nicknamed 'les blancs'/the 'whites' by their crews, because of their colour). She mainly provided passenger service between France, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Japan.
The Viet-Nam was renamed Pacifique in 1967, and was sold to Malaysian owners in 1970 for use as a pilgrim ship to Mecca. The Pacifique (renamed several times since 1970) was destroyed by fire and capsized in Singapore in 1974, and was broken up in Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1976."
MV Viking Sea (2015),"MV Viking Sea is a cruise ship built by Italian shipbuilders Fincantieri for Viking Ocean Cruises. It is the second ship to grace the name Viking Sea, the first being Viking Sky which was originally assigned this name. 
Viking Sea sailed from Venice to New Capital Quay on the River Thames at Greenwich, London, England, where on 5 May 2016 she became the largest vessel named in London. Viking Sea has  3 sister ships, Viking Star, Viking Sky and Viking Sun.

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MV Viking Star,"MV Viking Star is the lead ship of the Viking Star class of cruise ships, and the first such ship operated by Viking Ocean Cruises, a division of Viking Cruises. She entered service in April 2015. Two Viking Star-class sister ships, Viking Sea and Viking Sky, joined her in the Viking Ocean Cruises fleet in 2016."
MV Viking Sun,"MV Viking Sun is a cruise ship operated by Viking Ocean Cruises.  The fourth in a series of 930-passenger cruise ships to be built by Fincantieri for her operator, she was delivered at Fincantieri's shipyard in Ancona, Italy, on 25 September 2017.In April 2021, ownership the Viking Sun was transferred to Viking Sun Ltd. of Bermuda, for operation by China Merchants Viking Cruises, a joint venture of Viking Ocean Cruises and China Merchants Shekou Cruises. She was then transferred to Chinese registration, with port of registry Qianhai, Shenzhen, and renamed Zhao Shang Yi Dun."
Vistafjord,"MS Vistafjord was an ocean liner that was built as a combined liner/cruise ship in 1973 by Swan Hunter Shipbuilders in the United Kingdom for the Norwegian America Line. In 1983 she was sold to Cunard Line, retaining her original name until 1999 when she was renamed Caronia. In 2004 she was sold to Saga and sailed as Saga Ruby until sold in 2014 for use as a floating hotel and renamed Oasia.  This never came to fruition.  Her owners went bankrupt, and in April 2017 she arrived at Alang, India for scrapping."
Wind Song (ship),"Wind Song was a 4-masted motor sailing yacht used as a cruise ship by Windstar Cruises from 1987 until 2002, when the ship suffered an engine room fire.
Wind Song was one of an unusual class of only three vessels (Wind Star, Wind Spirit and Wind Song), designed as a modern cruise ship but carrying an elaborate system of computer-controlled sails on four masts. The ship's usual itinerary was an inter-island cruise in French Polynesia and in the Bahamas."
Wind Spirit (ship),"Wind Spirit is a motor sailing yacht, sailing as a cruise ship for Windstar Cruises. She is one of an unusual class of only three vessels (Wind Star, Wind Spirit and Wind Song), designed as a modern cruise ship but carrying an elaborate system of computer-controlled sails on four masts."
Wind Star (ship),"Wind Star is a motor sailing yacht, sailing as a cruise ship for Windstar Cruises. She is one of an unusual class of only three vessels (Wind Star, Wind Spirit and Wind Song), designed as a modern cruise ship but carrying an elaborate system of computer-controlled sails on four masts."
Wind Surf (ship),"MSY Wind Surf is a five-mast staysail schooner that is one of the largest sailing cruise ships in the world, with two electric propulsion motors powered by four diesel electric generating sets also. She can carry up to 342 passengers, in a total of 150 ocean-view staterooms, 18 ocean-view suites and 2 deluxe bridge suites, with a crew of 210. Wind Surf had been owned and operated by Club Med under the name Club Med 1, and was later transferred to Windstar Cruises.
In January 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2020, 48 crew members and 51 passengers of the 342-passenger ship tested positive for covid and were taken off the ship for quarantine in Barbados; later many other passengers tested positive and were unable to return home until they tested negative."
MS World Discoverer,"MS World Discoverer was a cruise ship designed for and built by Schichau Unterweser, Germany in 1974. During construction called BEWA Discoverer, the ship was completed in Bremerhaven, Germany. In 2000, the ship struck an underwater obstacle and was damaged; it was subsequently grounded – to prevent sinking – and abandoned in the Solomon Islands.

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SV Yankee Clipper,"Yankee Clipper is a three masted sailing cruise ship that served for Windjammer Barefoot Cruises. She was originally built in Kiel, Germany as the Cressida, an armor plated private yacht. She was a prize in World War II. She was acquired by the Vanderbilts and was renamed Pioneer. In 1965, the ship was acquired by Windjammer Barefoot cruises."
Farm stay,"A farm stay (or farmstay) is any type of accommodation on a working farm. Some farm stays may be interactive. Some are family-focused and offer children opportunities to feed animals, collect eggs and learn how a farm functions. Others do not allow children. The term ""farm stay"" can also describe a work exchange agreement, where the guest works a set number of hours per week in exchange for free or affordable accommodation.Farm stays can be described as agritourism (farmer opening their farm to tourists for any reason, including farm stands and u-pick), ecotourism (Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people), and geotourism (tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place—its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents).
During the COVID-19 pandemic, farm stays became significantly more popular than previous years, as noted through AirBNB site behavior data."
Malagos Garden Resort,"The Malagos Garden Resort is an agri-ecotourism site in Davao City, Philippines."
Shunran-no-Sato,"Shunran-no-Sato (Japanese: 春蘭の里) are a group of farmhouse inns in Ishikawa Prefecture of Japan, known as some of the first farmhouse inns in Japan. As of 2018, there were 49 inns in total. As a successful case of rural revitalization, they are frequently referred to media, papers and other villages to solve problems of regional depopulation."
Hostel,"A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory, with shared use of a lounge and sometimes a kitchen. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex and have private or shared bathrooms. Private rooms may also be available, but the property must offer dormitories to be considered a hostel. Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers. They are part of the sharing economy. Benefits of hostels include lower costs and opportunities to meet people from different places, find travel partners, and share travel ideas. Some hostels, such as in India or Hostelling International, cater to a niche market of travelers. For example, one hostel might feature in-house social gatherings such as movie nights or communal dinners, another might feature local tours, one might be known for its parties, and another might have a quieter place to relax in serenity, or be located on the beach. Newer hostels focus on a more trendy design interior, some of which are on par with boutique hotels. Some may cater to older digital nomads, global nomads, and perpetual travelers that prefer slightly more upmarket private rooms or a quieter atmosphere. 
Many hostels are locally owned and operated, and are often cheaper for both the operator and occupants than hotels. Hostels may offer long-term lodging to guests for free or at a discount in exchange for work as a receptionist or in housekeeping.
There are approximately 10,000 hostels in Europe and approximately 300 hostels in the United States. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. 
In addition to shared kitchen facilities, some hostels have a restaurant and/or bar. Washing machines and clothes dryers are often provided for an additional fee. Hostels sometimes have entryways for storing gear. Most hostels offer lockers for safely storing valuables. Some bare-bones hostels do not provide linens. Some hostels may have a curfew and daytime lockouts, and some, albeit few, require occupants to do chores apart from washing and drying after food preparation. 
A mobile hostel is a temporary hostel that can take the form of a campsite, bus, van, or a short-term arrangement in a permanent building. They have been used at large festivals or trips where there is a shortage of lodging. 
In some cities, hostels reported a higher average income per room than hotels. For example, in Honolulu, Hawaii, upscale hotels reported average daily room rates of $173 in 2006, while hostel rooms brought in as much as $200 per night, for rooms of eight guests paying $25 each. Even during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, many hostels reported increased occupancy numbers at a time when hotel bookings were down. 
A 2013 study in Australia showed that youth travel was the fastest-growing travel demographic and that the hostel industry was growing at a faster rate than the hotel industry. It showed that youth travel can lead to higher overall spending due to longer trips than traditional vacations. In New Zealand, backpackers hostels had a 13.5% share of lodging guests/nights in 2007."
A&O Hotels and Hostels,"a&o Hotels and Hostels GmbH is a chain of hostels, headquartered in Berlin, that targets young travelers and backpackers, offering cheap group rooms and hotel rooms for two. The hostels are generally centrally located, mostly close to train stations. A&O has 40 subsidiaries in nine countries, making it the biggest privately owned hostel-chain in Europe. In 2019 it recorded about 5 million overnight stays and realised sales of €165 million."
Aggrey House,"Aggrey House was a hostel established in London in 1934 to cater for African students and students of African descent.  It was named after James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey. It was at 47 Doughty Street, a typical Georgian terraced house, on the recommendations made by a Colonial Office committee in 1930.Ivor Cummings was appointed Warden in 1935. He was responsible for organising meetings, lectures, dances and other social events for the residents.In 1943 new premises were obtained at 17 Russell Square where Aggrey House was reopened as ""The Colonial Centre"", intended to cater for all classes of Colonial students, as well as both members of the armed forces and civilian war workers."
Alberguinn,"Alberguinn is a Youth Hostel, located in Barcelona, Spain.
It was opened in March 2005 and has since catered to low-budget travelers visiting Barcelona. Alberguinn features 50 beds as shared dorm rooms.
It is located at the nice typical Sants district, 5 min walk from the main train  Station Barcelona Sants in Barcelona and 10 min walk from Barcelona's famous FC Barcelona soccer team stadium, Camp Nou"
Altena Castle,"Altena Castle (German: Burg Altena) is a medieval hill castle in the town of Altena in North Rhine-Westphalia. Built on a spur of Klusenberg hill, the castle lies near the Lenne in the Märkischer Kreis.
The castle was erected by the early Counts of Berg in the early 12th century. Eventually, the House of Berg abandoned Altena and moved their residence to Hamm."
American Center of Research,"The American Center of Research (ACOR) is a private, not-for-profit scholarly and educational organization. Based in Alexandria, Virginia, with a facility in Amman, Jordan, ACOR promotes knowledge of Jordan and the interconnected region, past and present. Prior to 2020, ACOR was known as The American Center of Oriental Research.

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Arlington House (London),"Arlington House is a hostel for homeless men on Arlington Road in Camden Town, London that opened in 1905."
Ayahs' Home,"The Ayahs' Home, London, provided accommodation for Indian ayahs and Chinese amahs (nannies) at the turn of the 20th century who were ""ill-treated, dismissed from service or simply abandoned"" with no return passage to their home country. The Home also operated like an employment exchange to help ayahs find placements with families returning to India. It was the only institution of its type in Britain with a named building.

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Baden-Powell House,"Queen's Gate House, still commonly known by its previous name of Baden-Powell House, is a conference centre in South Kensington, London. It was built as a tribute to Lord Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, and has served as the headquarters for The Scout Association, as a hostel providing modern and affordable lodging for Scouts, Guides, their families and the general public staying in London and as a conference and event venue.
The building committee, chaired by Sir Harold Gillett, Lord Mayor of London, purchased the site in 1956, and assigned Ralph Tubbs to design the house in the modern architectural style. The foundation stone was laid in 1959 by World Chief Guide Olave, Lady Baden-Powell, and it was opened in 1961 by Queen Elizabeth II. The largest part of the £400,000 cost was provided by the Scout Movement itself and the building previously included a number of tributes to the founder including hosting a small exhibition about Scouting, and a granite statue of Baden-Powell by Don Potter located outside the building.
Following the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and a decline in numbers of Scouts using the facility, the Scout Association sold the building to Mander Portman Woodward who run it as an events and conference venue and are converting the hostel rooms into boarding accommodation for students."
Bunkhouse,"A bunkhouse is a barracks-like building that historically was used to house working cowboys on ranches, or loggers in a logging camp  in North America. As most cowboys were young single men, the standard bunkhouse was a large open room with narrow beds or cots for each individual and little privacy. The bunkhouse of the late 19th century was usually heated by a wood stove and personal needs were attended to in a cookhouse and an outhouse."
Carbisdale Castle,"Carbisdale Castle was built in 1907 for the Duchess of Sutherland on a hill across the Kyle of Sutherland from Invershin in the Scottish Highlands. Until 2011 it was used as a youth hostel, operated by the Scottish Youth Hostels Association. The castle is situated north of Culrain, and around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north-west of Bonar Bridge. The castle is in the Scots Baronial style, and is protected as a category B listed building. The hostel closed for repair in 2011, and as of August 2014 was put up for sale for £1.2m. In April 2016, the asking price was lowered to £900,000, and a sale was completed in September 2016. The buyers are FCFM Group Ltd who stated they intended to make it ""a world-class private residence"". In April 2021 it was reported that the castle was again for sale, priced at £1.5 million."
The Creek South Beach,"The Creek South Beach is a 90-room motel located on Collins Avenue and 23rd Street in the American city of Miami Beach, Florida.
The motel's building is an example of Miami Modern architecture (MiMo) and is situated just north of the Art Deco District, in the Collins Park neighborhood and the CANDO (Cultural Arts Neighborhood District Overlay) in Miami Beach.  The motel's building is one of the few remaining examples of post-World War II motel architecture in Miami and the only example in Miami Beach's South Beach neighborhood.
The property has been featured as an architecturally significant structure in the book on MiMo architecture MiMo: Miami Modern Revealed."
Cube house,"Cube houses (Dutch: kubuswoningen) are a set of innovative houses built in Helmond and Rotterdam in the Netherlands, designed by architect Piet Blom and based on the concept of ""living as an urban roof"": high density housing with sufficient space on the ground level, since its main purpose is to optimise the space inside. Blom tilted the cube of a conventional house corner upwards, and rested it upon a hexagon-shaped pylon. His design represents a village within a city, where each house represents a tree, and all the houses together, a forest. The central idea of the cube houses around the world is mainly optimizing the space, as a house, to a better distribution of the rooms inside."
Elpis Lodge,"Elpis Lodge was a hostel provided by Christadelphians for Jewish refugee boys in Birmingham, England, from 1940–1948.

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Fürstenried Palace,"Fürstenried Palace is a Baroque maison de plaisance and hunting lodge in Munich, Germany. It was built from 1715 to 1717 for Elector Maximilian II Emanuel. Today the palace serves as spiritual house for archdiocese and as pastoral center.

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Generator Hostels,"Generator Hostels is a chain of hostels headquartered in London, United Kingdom. As of 2020 the company operates 16 hostels in Europe and the United States, including properties in Dublin, London, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Berlin (three hostels), Venice, Barcelona, Paris, Madrid, Stockholm, Rome, Amsterdam, Miami and Washington.

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Hahn Building (Seattle),"The Hahn Building (formerly Hotel Elliott) is a historic building at the intersection of Pike Street and 1st Avenue (103 Pike Street) in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. The structure has been designated a city landmark. It currently houses Green Tortoise Hostel."
Harlem YWCA,"The Harlem YWCA in New York, USA, was founded in 1905, moving to its own premises in 1921. It played an important role in developing training and careers for young black women in the early and mid twentieth century, as well as providing safe and respectable accommodation."
Haut de la Garenne,"The Jersey Accommodation and Activity Centre is a building just north of Gorey in the parish of Saint Martin, Jersey, in the Channel Islands. It was formerly known as the Industrial School, the Jersey Home for Boys, and Haut de la Garenne. Its previous uses have included being an industrial school, a children's home, a military signal station, a television filming location, and a youth hostel. In 2008 it became the focus of the largest investigation into child abuse ever conducted in Jersey."
The Heritage House,"The Heritage House is a non-profit youth hostel in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. It offers free or  subsidized lodging to Jews from around the world. The hostel provides young Jewish adults with information on touring, studying, intern, and work opportunities in Israel, in addition to providing follow-up connections, especially with the Jewish communities back in their home towns around the world.

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Hostel de Verdelin,"The Hostel de Verdelin, also known as Palazzo Verdelin or the Casa delle Colombe, is a palace in Valletta, Malta. It was built in the mid-17th century for the knight Jean-Jacques de Verdelin, and it is an early example of Baroque architecture in Malta. The palace currently houses a police station and a restaurant."
"Imperial Hotel, Auckland","The former Imperial Hotel is located at the corner of Fort and Queen Street in Auckland, New Zealand. It was built in 1883 and is now a notable example of Victorian architecture. The building was registered as a category II heritage structure by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now Heritage New Zealand) in 1987. The building's current use is as a backpackers hostel, pub, and communal lounge."
Ironmaster's Mansion Hostel,"The Ironmaster's Mansion is a hostel and event venue located near Gardners, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located within Pine Grove Furnace State Park and is also near the midpoint of the Appalachian Trail. 
The hostel is operated by the Appalachian Trail Museum, and is located a few hundred yards away from the Museum."
Jazz Hostels,"Jazz Hostels is one of the largest hostel chains in the USA.  Established in 1998 with Jazz on the Park Hostel in New York City, the company continues to evolve, with four hostels in New York City, two in Montreal and one in South Beach, Miami. They have also expanded internationally with partner properties in Melbourne and Cairns.

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Jumbo Stay,"Jumbo Stay (formerly the Jumbo Hostel) is a hostel/hotel located inside a decommissioned Boeing 747-200 aircraft at Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Sweden. It has 33 rooms, 76 beds, and officially opened in January 2009."
Mei Ho House,"Mei Ho House (Chinese: 美荷樓), formerly part of Shek Kip Mei Estate, Hong Kong, is the last remaining example of a ""Mark I"" building in a single-block configuration. While the other buildings of the estate dating from the 1950s have been demolished, being replaced by new ones, Mei Ho House was chosen to be preserved and was reopened in 2013 as a youth hostel and heritage museum."
Nariman House,"The Nariman House, designated as a Chabad house (Hebrew: בית חב""ד Beit Chabad), is a five-storey landmark in the Colaba area of South Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The building was home to a Chabad house, a Jewish outreach centre run by Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg, who had owned the building since around 2006. The centre had an educational center, a synagogue, offered drug prevention services, and a hostel.The building was attacked during the November 2008 Mumbai attacks and six of its occupants, including Holtzberg and his wife, who was six months pregnant, were killed. Their two-year-old son Moshe survived the attack after being rescued by his Indian nanny, Sandra Samuel, and Zakir Hussain."
Stanza Living,"Stanza Living is the common brand name for Dtwelve Spaces Private Limited. It provides fully-managed shared living accommodations to students and young professionals. Founded by Anindya Dutta and Sandeep Dalmia, the company is present across 23 cities including Delhi, NCR, Bangalore, Visakhapatnam,  Hyderabad, Chennai, Coimbatore, Indore, Pune, Baroda, Vijayawada, and Dehradun, Kota in India, with a capacity of 55,000 beds. Stanza Living is a technology-enabled housing concept which provides fully-furnished residences with amenities like meals, internet, laundry services, housekeeping, security and community engagement programmes. The company has an asset-light business model under which it engages in long-term lease agreements with property owners/developers, who convert their assets into shared living residences as per company guidelines. These assets are subsequently operated by Stanza Living.

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YMCA,"YMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian values into practice by developing a healthy ""body, mind, and spirit"".
From its inception, it grew rapidly and ultimately became a worldwide movement founded on the principles of muscular Christianity. Local YMCAs deliver projects and services focused on youth development through a wide variety of youth activities, including providing athletic facilities, holding classes for a wide variety of skills, promoting Christianity, and humanitarian work.
YMCA is a non-governmental federation, with each independent local YMCA affiliated with its national organization. The national organizations, in turn, are part of both an Area Alliance (Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, the United States, and Canada) and the World Alliance of YMCAs (World YMCA). Consequently, all YMCAs are unique, while following certain shared aims, such as the Paris Basis.
The YMCA was also considered a parachurch organization based on Protestant values. Similar organizations include the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), the Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA), and the Young Men's Buddhist Association (YMBA).
In popular culture, the YMCA is the subject of the 1978 song ""Y.M.C.A."" by the Village People, which greatly increased public recognition of the institution."
Zolostays,"Zolostays is a real-tech co-living focused app that provides ready-to-move rooms/beds. It was founded in 2015 by Dr. Nikhil Sikri, Akhil Sikri and Sneha Choudhry.  Zolo focuses on the community aspect of co-living and organises online and offline events to bring the community together.Zolostays competes with other co-living companies like Aarusha Homes, StayAbode, Ziroom, Xiangyu, Quartus, Koumkwat, Bikube and Oyo Living. During the pandemic, Zolo provided 75 of rent-free accommodation to those who lost their jobs. Zolo uses bulk inventory in usually residential township and ties up with real estate companies to make the rooms/beds available. Zolostays has both revenue sharing and leased model.  It uses Internet of Things technology for electricity and water billing."
Hotel,"A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator, and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat-screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, a business center with computers, printers, and other office equipment, childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa, and social function services. Hotel rooms are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated rooms. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In Japan, capsule hotels provide a tiny room suitable only for sleeping and shared bathroom facilities.
The precursor to the modern hotel was the inn of medieval Europe. For a period of about 200 years from the mid-17th century, coaching inns served as a place for lodging for coach travelers. Inns began to cater to wealthier clients in the mid-18th century. One of the first hotels in a modern sense was opened in Exeter in 1768. Hotels proliferated throughout Western Europe and North America in the early 19th century, and luxury hotels began to spring up in the later part of the 19th century, paricularly in the United States.
Hotel operations vary in size, function, complexity, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies have set industry standards to classify hotel types. An upscale full-service hotel facility offers luxury amenities, full-service accommodations, an on-site restaurant, and the highest level of personalized service, such as a concierge, room service, and clothes-ironing staff. Full-service hotels often contain upscale full-service facilities with many full-service accommodations, an on-site full-service restaurant, and a variety of on-site amenities. Boutique hotels are smaller independent, non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments offer a limited amount of on-site amenities. Economy hotels are small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer basic accommodations with little to no services. Extended stay hotels are small to medium-sized hotels that offer longer-term full-service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel.
Timeshare and destination clubs are a form of property ownership involving ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage. A motel is a small-sized low-rise lodging with direct access to individual rooms from the car parking area. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with a unique environment or intimate setting. A number of hotels and motels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture. Some hotels are built specifically as destinations in themselves, for example casinos and holiday resorts.
Most hotel establishments are run by a general manager who serves as the head executive (often referred to as the ""hotel manager""), department heads who oversee various departments within a hotel (e.g., food service), middle managers, administrative staff, and line-level supervisors. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by hotel size, function and class, and is often determined by hotel ownership and managing companies."
Fasano Group,"Fasano Group (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡ ʁupo fɐsɐno] officially Restaurante Fasano Ltda.) is a Brazilian multinational hospitality company based in Jardins, São Paulo, Brazil. Founded by the Fasano family in 1902, it currently operates hotels and restaurants in Brazil, Uruguay and the United States. Gero Fasano remains the controlling shareholder with 37% and chairman of the group. As of 2023, Fasano operates 26 Restaurants, 9 Hotels and employs 1,500+ people worldwide."
Flotel,"Flotel, a portmanteau of the terms floating hotel, is the installation of living quarters on top of rafts or semi-submersible platforms. Flotels are used as hotels on rivers or in harbour areas, or as dwelling for working people, especially in the offshore oil industry."
Gabriel Hotel,"The Gabriel Hotel is a group of 18th-century buildings located in the Peristyle in Lorient, France. Designed by Jacques Gabriel, it was commissioned by the Compagnie Perpetuelle des Indes to build an auction house for its merchandise.
The two pavilions are built symmetrically and in a classical style. They are located on either side of a main courtyard, surrounded to the south by a two-hectare French garden, and to the north by a parade ground. Destroyed during World War II, it was rebuilt identically between 1956 and 1959.
Reclaimed by the Royal Navy in 1770 after the dissolution of the Compagnie perpétuelle des Indes, it was used by its staff for almost two centuries. In 2008, the municipality of Lorient bought the buildings and installed its archives and architecture and heritage services.

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Hotel Bristol,"The Hotel Bristol is the name of more than 200 hotels around the world.  They range from grand European hotels, such as Hôtel Le Bristol Paris and the Hotel Bristol in Warsaw or Vienna to budget hotels, such as the SRO (single room occupancy) Bristol in San Francisco.  They are not a chain, except in Brazil, where Bristol Hoteis & Resorts has around a dozen hotels throughout the country with the Bristol name."
Hotel thief,"A hotel thief is someone who steals items from the rooms of guests at a hotel.
Several factors may attract a thief to a hotel. Rooms are generally empty for most of the day, with few hiding places for valuable possessions outside of a hotel's safe, which not all guests make use of. Furthermore, it is comparatively easy for a thief to leave a hotel without arousing suspicion, as guests are continually coming and going with luggage.Although hotel room security has improved, with more advanced locks, this has not eradicated hotel theft. A thief can enter a room without needing to pick a lock, for example by pretending to be a guest who has left their key in their room. Items can also be taken while a guest is distracted, for example when checking in.One of the most prolific hotel thieves was Ernest Le Ford, who stole thousands of dollars' worth of jewels from hotels in New York City in the early part of the twentieth century, including taking $8000 worth from a room at the Manhattan Square Hotel. Another nineteenth-century hotel thief successfully stole $60,000 worth of gold dust from a San Francisco hotel.Hotel guests can be considered as hotel thieves as well. CNN reported on a survey of 1,157 four- and five-star hoteliers, which items are stolen the most by guests. An astonishing 49 hotels reported that mattresses had been stolen from their premises.

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Mountain hut,"A mountain hut is a building located high in the mountains, generally accessible only by foot, intended to provide food and shelter to mountaineers, climbers and hikers. Mountain huts are usually operated by an Alpine Club or some organization dedicated to hiking or mountain recreation. They are known by many names, including alpine hut, mountain shelter, mountain refuge, mountain lodge, and mountain hostel. It may also be called a refuge hut, although these occur in lowland areas (e.g. lowland forests) too.
Mountain huts can provide a range of services, starting with shelter and simple sleeping berths. Some, particularly in remote areas, are not staffed, but others have staff which prepare meals and drinks and can provide other services, including providing lectures and selling clothing and small items.  Mountain huts usually allow anybody to access their facilities, although some require reservations.
While shelters have long existed in mountains, modern hut systems date back to the mid-19th century. The Swiss Alpine Club has built huts since 1863. In the United States, the Appalachian Mountain Club built its first hut at Madison Spring in New Hampshire in 1889."
Alpine club hut,"Alpine club huts (German: Alpenvereinshütten) or simply club huts (Clubhütten) form the majority of the over 1,300 mountain huts in the Alps and are maintained by branches, or sections, of the various Alpine clubs. Although the usual English translation of Hütte is ""hut"", most of them are substantial buildings designed to accommodate and feed significant numbers of hikers and climbers and to withstand harsh high alpine conditions for decades."
Biały Słoń,"Biały Słoń (English: White Elephant; Ukrainian: Білий слон, Bily slon) is a Polish name for an abandoned campus of the former Polish Astronomical and Meteorological Observatory of University of Warsaw, located at remote area on the peak of Pip Ivan in the Chornohora range of the Carpathian Mountains, Ukraine. Currently the structure is used as a mountain shelter with a small search and rescue team with some rooms adapted for lodging and recovery.
Along with that Bialy Slon is recognized as a historical landmark and there are restoration activities on the way since 2012 to restore its original conditions in cooperation with the Ciscarpathian National University and the University of Warsaw and scheduled to be finished in 2018. It is considered to be the highest built residential structure in Ukraine.The closest settlement today is a village of Zelena in Verkhovyna Raion (Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast) and territorially belongs to the Zelena rural council. Currently the observatory is classified under the registration number three as a monument of cultural heritage that is not considered for privatization. The facility is located with the Carpathian National Nature Park.
The region was part of the Second Polish Republic when the observatory was established during the interbellum period. Biały Słoń, started in 1937 and completed in the summer of 1938, was the highest-elevated, permanently inhabited, building in Poland. It was located on the international border between the Second Polish Republic and Czechoslovakia that stretched across mountain peaks of the Carpathian Mountains."
Bivouac shelter,"A bivouac shelter or bivvy (alternately bivy, bivi, bivvi) is any of a variety of improvised camp site or shelter that is usually of a temporary nature, used especially by soldiers or people engaged in backpacking, bikepacking, scouting or mountain climbing. It may often refer to sleeping in the open with a bivouac sack, but it may also refer to a shelter constructed of natural materials like a structure of branches to form a frame, which is then covered with leaves, ferns and similar material for waterproofing and duff (leaf litter) for insulation. Modern bivouacs often involve the use of one- or two-man tents but may also be without tents or full cover. In modern mountaineering the nature of the bivouac shelter will depend on the level of preparedness, in particular whether existing camping and outdoor gear may be incorporated into the shelter."
List of Mountain Bothies Association bothies,"Bothies are remote, rural cottages that have outlived their original purposes but now are kept unlocked for people to take shelter or stay overnight without charge. They are located mostly in Scotland, with a small number in England and Wales, and have extremely basic facilities - with no electricity, gas, or piped water.  The Mountain Bothies Association, established in 1965, is a charity that maintains bothies."
Bothy,"A bothy is a basic shelter, usually left unlocked and available for anyone to use free of charge. It was also a term for basic accommodation, usually for gardeners or other workers on an estate. Bothies are found in remote mountainous areas of Scotland, Northern England, Ulster and Wales. They are particularly common in the Scottish Highlands, but related buildings can be found around the world (for example, in the Nordic countries there are wilderness huts). A bothy was also a semi-legal drinking den in the Isle of Lewis. These, such as Bothan Eòrapaidh, were used until recent years as gathering points for local men and were often situated in an old hut or caravan.
In Scots law, bothies are defined in law as:
a building of no more than two storeys which—(a)does not have any form of—(i)mains electricity,(ii)piped fuel supply, and(iii)piped mains water supply,(b)is 100 metres or more from the nearest public road (within the meaning of section 151 of the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984(9)), and(c)is 100 metres or more from the nearest habitable buildingAny such building is exempt from council tax and from legislation requiring registration for letting purposes."
Matratzenlager,"A Matratzenlager (""mattress room""), sometimes called Massenlager or Touristenlager, is the simplest and cheapest type of sleeping accommodation offered in mountain huts. It generally consists of a large room with mattresses usually placed very close together.The Matratzenlager is usually found in the attic of the hut and can consist of about 10 to 100 bedspaces. Large Matratzenlagers are divided into rooms with a maximum of 20-30 bedspaces in order to ensure a reasonable night's sleep. Often there are also smaller rooms for families.
The mattresses usually do not lie on the floor, but on a large wooden frame and each bedspace is given its own pillow and up to two woollen blankets (Alpenvereinsdecken or ""Alpine club blankets""). At the head or the foot are small storage areas.
At Alpine club huts the use of hut sleeping bags is mandatory."
Mitato,"Mitato (Greek: μιτάτο, archaic form: μιτᾶτον or μητᾶτον, from Latin: metor, ""to measure off/to pitch camp"") is a term meaning ""shelter"" or ""lodging"" in Greek.
Appearing in the 6th century, during the Byzantine period it referred to an inn or trading house for foreign merchants, akin to a caravanserai. By extension, it could also refer to the legal obligation of a private citizen to billet state officials or soldiers. Alternatively, in the 10th century, Constantine Porphyrogenitus uses the term to refer to state-run ranches in Anatolia.In modern Greece, and especially on the mountains of Crete, a mitato (in the plural mitata) is a hut built from locally gathered stones to provide shelter to shepherds, and is used also for cheese-making. Mount Ida (also called Mount Psiloritis) in central Crete is particularly rich in flat stones suitable for dry stone construction."
Winter room,"A winter room (German: Winterraum) is found in mountain huts used by tourists that are not managed in the winter. The winter room, unlike the rest of the hut, is easily accessible and usually is either not locked or is accessible with an Alpine Club key.
A winter room may be used by climbers and hikers in the winter who are self-contained. Usually there is a stove and wood to fire it with; often there is a table as well and somewhere to sleep.
The nightly charge publicized on a poster in the hut is paid either by putting it in the money box of the winter room or may be bank-transferred directly to the branch of the Alpine Club that owns the hut.
Most of the Alpine Club huts in the Alps have a winter room."
Sleeping car,"The sleeping car or sleeper (often wagon-lit) is a railway passenger car that can accommodate all passengers in beds of one kind or another, for the purpose of sleeping. George Pullman was the American innovator of the sleeper car.The first such cars saw sporadic use on American and English railways in the 1830s; they could be configured for coach seating during the day."
Anatolian Express,"The Anatolian Express (Turkish: Anadolu Ekspresi, French: Anatolie Express) is one of the four direct train services operating between İstanbul and Ankara. The train is an overnight train consisting of eight sleeping cars and one dining car. The train was the first non-international train to consist of a sleeping car in Turkey. The train was operated by the CIWL from 1927 to 1950. From 1950 on, TCDD operates the train."
Aurora (train),"The Aurora was a domestic Trans Europ Express in Italy linking Rome with Reggio di Calabria. The train was named after the Roman goddess of dawn, referring to the train's early morning departure from Rome."
Aurora Borealis Express,"The Aurora Borealis Express is an overnight express train operating between Helsinki and Kolari in Finland. The train travels via many major cities and towns in Finland, and stops at most of them. The total distance is a little under 1000 kilometers, and lasts for 14½ hours to 16 hours depending on direction and season.  The service is bi-directional, with a corresponding train operating southwards over the same route.
The train consists of seven to ten sleeping cars, two open seating cars and one restaurant car. The car types are older blue cars, which are rarely used nowadays in Finland. A few car carrier wagons are added at the end of the train to transport cars. On the last distance from Oulu to Kolari the electric locomotive is switched out for a diesel locomotive since the railway line to Kolari isn't electrified.
The train travels northbound and southbound on varying days of the week, depending upon the time of year. Passenger demand is variable, and somewhat seasonal."
Berliner (train),"The Berliner was the name given to the City Night Line service between Zürich and Berlin Ostbahnhof. It has been succeeded by the ""Sirius"" service from Ostseebad Binz to Zürich via Berlin.
Here are the stations the Berliner  served:"
Central Line (Tanzania),"The Central Line (German: Mittellandbahn), formerly known as the Tanganyika Railway (German: Tanganjikabahn) is the most important railway line in Tanzania, apart from TAZARA. It runs west from Dar es Salaam to Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika via Dodoma. A branch leads to Mwanza on Lake Victoria.
In 2017, Tanzania began the Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway project, which will construct a standard gauge (1435 mm) line parallel to the meter-gauge (1000 mm) Central Line between Dar es Salaam and Mwanza, with a new route branching northwest at Isaka to Kigali in Rwanda.

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City Night Line,"City Night Line, abbreviated CNL, was a train category of German railway company Deutsche Bahn for overnight passenger train services between Germany and neighbouring European countries. In late 2015, Deutsche Bahn announced that it planned to terminate all night train services in December 2016, and this plan was implemented on 11 December 2016. The service on some CNL routes was replaced by ÖBB Nightjet services."
CityNightLine,"CityNightLine AG (timetable and platform sign abbreviation: CNL) was a Swiss night train service. CNL had right of passage grants in Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland and Denmark. It served stations in Belgium, France, Italy and the Czech Republic."
DB AutoZug,"DB AutoZug GmbH was a German rail transport company that provided automobile (Motorail) and night passenger train services for Deutsche Bahn AG.  It was based in Dortmund and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG. On 30 September 2013 the company was merged into DB AG's long-distance division DB Fernverkehr.Night trains were operated with the sister company CityNightLine AG (headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland); until CityNightLine AG merged with DB NachtZug. DB AutoZug GmbH and CityNightLine were subsidiaries of DB Fernverkehr AG which in turn was a wholly owned subsidiary of DB Mobility Logistics AG. DB AutoZug GmbH was also responsible for the car transporter trains from Niebüll - Westerland, known as the SyltShuttle, as well as the Schifffahrt und Inselbahn Wangeroogeshipping (Island railway of Wangerooge)."
EuroNight,"EuroNight, abbreviated EN, is a European train category which denotes many main-line national and international night train services within the Western and Central European inter-city rail network."
European Sleeper,"European Sleeper (stylised as european sleeper) is a Belgian-Dutch cooperative which operates a thrice-weekly open-access night train service between Berlin, Germany and Brussels, Belgium, with plans to expand to daily service in the near future as well as extend the line to Dresden and Prague in 2024. There are also plans for services linking Amsterdam, Brussels and Barcelona via France, expected to commence during the spring of 2025."
International Express,"The International Express (Thai: รถด่วนพิเศษระหว่างประเทศ; Malay: Ekspres Antarbangsa) is an express train between Bangkok, Thailand and Padang Besar, Malaysia. The train formerly traveled to Butterworth, Penang.This train's passenger cars include 2nd-class air conditioned sleepers, and an air conditioned dining car. Diesel electric locomotives such as HID (Hitachi - 2500 HP) and GEA (General Electric - 2500 HP) are used to Haul this express between Padang Besar and Hat Yai."
Le Train Bleu,"The Calais-Mediterranée Express was a French luxury night express train which operated from 1886 to 2003. It gained international fame as the preferred train of wealthy and famous passengers between Calais and the French Riviera during the interwar period. It was colloquially referred to as Le Train Bleu in French (which became its formal name after World War II) and the Blue Train in English because of its dark-blue sleeping cars.

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Intercités de nuit,"Intercités de Nuit is a brand name used by France’s national railway company, SNCF, to denote overnight passenger rail services in France. It was known as Corail Lunéa before 2009 and as Lunéa from 2010 to 2012. 
Between 2013 and 2017, most services were cancelled due to budget cuts. Only four routes, from Paris to Briançon, Albi, Latour de Carol and Nice, were kept.The brand has since been reintegrated into the main Intercités network."
Midnight Trains,"Midnight Trains is a French start-up railway company.

The company aims to expand sleeper train services in Europe.As of January 2023, the company aims for its first route to commence operations in December 2024, with a fully operational network by 2030. Routes are planned from Paris to Spain, Italy, Portugal, Germany, Denmark and Scotland.
It was founded by Adrien Aumont and Romain Payet, the founders of French crowdfunding website KissKissBankBank. Yorgo Tloupas, associate artistic director, and Hervé Marro, director of communication and institutional relations, have also joined the company.In January, 2023, it was reported that Midnight Trains revealed in its weekly newsletter in December 2022 that the company had secured rolling stock. The rolling stock will be brand new and acquired via a leasing model with a rolling stock leasing company (ROSCO).Later that month, the European Commission (EC) announced it would be supporting ten proposals, including a proposal from Midnight Trains for a night train service between Paris, Milan and Venice to act as pilot projects involving cross-border rail service as part of efforts to improve international rail travel in Europe and encourage new cross-border rail connections to be created. Midnight Trains was one of three companies with night train service proposals on the EC's list, the other two being European Sleeper and Snälltaget."
New Plymouth Night Express,"The New Plymouth Night Express was a passenger express train operated by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) that ran between Auckland and New Plymouth.  It ran in various forms from 1933 until 1983, though the Express designation was lost in 1956 and later incarnations did not operate at night and terminated in Taumarunui rather than Auckland.  The New Plymouth Night Express should not be confused with the New Plymouth Express that operated between New Plymouth and Wellington."
Night Ferry,"The Night Ferry was an international boat train from London Victoria to Paris Gare du Nord that crossed the English Channel on a train ferry. It ran from 1936 until 1939 when it ceased due to the onset of World War II. It resumed in 1947, ceasing in 1980. It was operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits until 1977 and then British Rail."
Nightjet,"Nightjet (stylised as nightjet) is a brand name given by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) to its overnight passenger train services. 
Nightjet operates in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Switzerland. There are services provided by other train companies to Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia that operate under the Nightjet Partner label. Nightjet trains offers beds in sleeper carriages (Nightjet's most comfortable service category), couchette carriages, and seated carriages. On certain connections, cars can also be transported on the train. Bikes can be transported in a bike transport bag, or on some connections also in special bike racks."
Nord Express,"The Nord Express (Northern Express) was a long-distance international express train which for more than a century connected Paris with first Russia and later Poland, the Baltic states and Scandinavia. In its heyday before the First World War, it was considered the ultimate luxury train in Europe.
Introduced in 1896 by the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, which operated sleeping-cars, dining cars and trains deluxe all over Europe, including the Orient Express, it connected Paris and Saint Petersburg. After World War I and the Russian Revolution, the train's route was shortened to Warsaw and Riga instead of Saint Petersburg. And after World War II the ""iron curtain"" diverted the train's route further to Stockholm and Oslo, until air travel caused the end to this famous train.
Although the Nord Express has received significantly less attention than the Orient Express, it is one of the CIWL's best-known luxury trains and has been featured in a number of artistic works."
Night trains of Norway,"Night trains of Norway (Norwegian: Nattog) are night sleeping car services provided by three different operators on four routes; Vy Tog on Oslo - Bergen (Bergen Line), Go-Ahead Norge on Oslo - Stavanger (Sørland Line), and SJ Norge on Oslo - Trondheim (Dovre Line) and Trondheim - Bodø (the Nordland Line).
All services are provided using WLAB-2 sleeping cars. El 18 locomotives with Class 7 cars are used on the Bergen and Sørland Lines, El 18 and Class 5 cars on the Dovre Line, while the service on the Nordland Line is provided using Di 4 engines with Class 5 cars. All night trains offer both sleeper cars with closed apartments with one or two beds in addition to regular sitting cars with individual seats in an open configuration.

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Orient Express,"The Orient Express was a long-distance passenger train service created in 1883 by the Belgian company Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL) that operated until 2009. The train traveled the length of continental Europe, with main terminal stations in Paris in the northwest and Istanbul in the southeast, and branches extending service to Athens, Brussels, and London.
The route and rolling stock of the Orient Express changed many times. Several routes in the past concurrently used the Orient Express name, or slight variations. Although the original Orient Express was simply a normal international railway service, the name became synonymous with intrigue and luxury rail travel. The two city names most prominently served and associated with the Orient Express are Paris and Istanbul, the original termini of the timetabled service.In 1977, the Orient Express stopped serving Istanbul. Its immediate successor, a through overnight service from Paris to Bucharest, was later cut back in 1991 to Budapest, and in 2001 was again shortened to Vienna, before departing for the last time from Paris on Friday 8 June 2007. After this, the route, still called the Orient Express, was shortened to start from Strasbourg instead, occasioned by the inauguration of the LGV Est which afforded much shorter travel times from Paris to Strasbourg. The new curtailed service left Strasbourg at 22:20 daily, shortly after the arrival of a TGV from Paris, and was attached at Karlsruhe to the overnight sleeper service from Amsterdam to Vienna. On 14 December 2009, the Orient Express ceased to operate and the route disappeared from European railway timetables, reportedly a ""victim of high-speed trains and cut-rate airlines"".Since 13 December 2021, an ÖBB Nightjet again runs three times per week on the Paris-Vienna route, although not branded as Orient Express. The Venice-Simplon Orient Express train, a private venture by Belmond using original CIWL carriages from the 1920s and 1930s, continues to run to and from various destinations in Europe, including the original route from Paris to Istanbul."
Palatino Express,"The Palatino Express or Rome Express is a historic express train operating between Paris, France, and Rome, Italy, since 1890. Under the name Rome Express the pre-war service operated daily until interrupted by the Second World War. The British film Rome Express (1932) derived its title and its setting from the train. The service was resumed after the war, and has operated with the name Palatino Express since 1969."
Pannonia Express,"The Pannonia Express (numbers 375-374) is a long-distance InterCity passenger train that runs every day from Budapest to Bucharest, stopping at Szolnok, Békéscsaba, Lőkösháza, Curtici, Arad, Deva, Alba Iulia, Mediaş, Sighişoara, Braşov, Predeal, Ploieşti and other smaller towns.
In 2009, it consists of first and second class coaches and a restaurant car of CFR. Sometimes there is a MÁV restaurant car instead.
There is also a through sleeping car from Prague to Bucharest, which is carried by ""Amicus"" train (471-470) from Prague to Břeclav and by ""Metropol""  EuroNight train between Břeclav and Budapest (477-476)
The through coaches from Munich to Bucharest (a sleeping car and a couchette car) are carried between Munich and Budapest by ""Kálmán Imre"" EuroNight train (463-462).
In summer the Pannonia train carries between Lőkösháza and Bucharest through coaches from Kraków to Bucharest, they consist of second class coaches and a couchette car. Between Kraków and Lőkösháza these carriages are coupled to the ""Cracovia"" express train (1381-1380).
In summer there are between Budapest and Lőkösháza also through coaches (couchette and sleeping cars) from Prague and Bratislava to Varna or Burgas which are carried by ""Amicus"" express train (471-470) from Prague or Bratislava to Budapest. Between Lőkösháza and Rousse and between Rousse and Varna or Burgas they are carried by nameless express trains.
There is another express train called Panonija (numbers 437-436) going from Subotica in Serbia to Bar in Montenegro, which stops in Novi Sad, Novi Beograd, Prijepolje and Podgorica. It consists of ŽS and ŽCG second class coaches, couchette and sleeping cars. In summer, it has through couchette cars from Prague or Bratislava or through sleeping cars from Moscow or Kiev to Bar."
Sibirjak,"Sibiryak ( sib-eer-YAK) was a passenger train which linked Berlin to some of main routes and cities of Russia. The train passed through Germany, Poland, Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, partly traveling on the Trans-Siberian Railway. With 5,130 km from Berlin to Novosibirsk it was the longest route of any that depart from a station within the European Union. The train service was discontinued with effect from 14 December 2013, due to lack of demand. The line was not actively promoted to potential customers by the Deutsche Bahn, but it was available in their search engine."
Sleeper Either Class,"A Sleeper Either class (SLE) and Sleeper Either class with Pantry (SLEP) are a type of railway sleeping car used in Great Britain.  Some units were later modified for better wheelchair access as Sleeper Either class Disabled (SLED).  A smaller number reused in Denmark were classified as WLABr.A total of 208 vehicles were built at Derby Litchurch Lane Works by British Rail Engineering Limited between 1982–1984 to the British Rail Mark 3A profile for British Rail. They were introduced to replace an ageing fleet of Mark 1 sleeper cars built to various designs and which dated from the late 1950s to early 1960s. The order consisted of 88 SLE variants, numbered 10646–10733, were constructed with thirteen bedrooms each, and 120 SLEP variants, numbered 10500–10619 constructed with twelve bedrooms with the last compartment used for an attendant.  The Mark 3 air-conditioned sleeping cars were introduced including many additional safety features that had been lacking in the Mark 1 carriages that had caught fire at Taunton.  The Night Riviera stock was the first on the route fitted with controlled emission toilets.As of October 2019, the only mainline operator of this type of carriages are Great Western Railway on the Night Riviera, whose fleet was refurbished in 2017.With the decline of overnight sleeper services in the United Kingdom shortly after their introduction at the end of the 1980s, many of the carriages later were moved to heritage railways to provide sleeping accommodation for heritage staff and volunteers."
Sud Express,"Sud Express (also called Surexpreso Spanish: [suɾeɣsˈpɾeso] and Sud Expresso Portuguese: [suðɨʃˈpɾesu]) is an overnight passenger train connecting Lisbon with Hendaye, a French commune on the Franco-Spanish border. The original service, operated by the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, ran to Calais via Madrid and Paris.
The service was suspended in March 2020 due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and has not been resumed since."
Taurus Express,"The Taurus Express (Turkish: Toros Ekspresi) is a passenger train operating daily between Konya and Adana. In the past it was a premier overnight passenger train operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits between İstanbul and Baghdad. After 1972, passengers could travel down to Basra via connection to the Express 2 made at Baghdad Central Station. However, service was suspended in 2003, due to the outbreak of war in Iraq. In 2012, the State Railways renewed service between Eskişehir and Adana and will once again service İstanbul when track work in the city is complete. There is a chance that the train may continue to its former terminus in Baghdad in the future, but the possibility remains low for the time being.

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Thaksin Express,"The Thaksin Express (Thai: รถด่วนพิเศษทักษิณ) is an express train run by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT) between Bangkok and Su-ngai Kolok, a border town in Narathiwat Province and the end of the southern rail line. Thaksin is a Thai word for 'south' (from the Sanskrit word dakshin), thus this train is referred to as the ""Southern Express"". The train's passenger cars include 1st- and 2nd-class air conditioned sleepers, 2nd-class fan sleepers, 2nd-class fan seating coaches, 3rd class air conditioned and fan seating coaches, and a dining car."
Tren Francés,"Tren Francés (Spanish for ""French Train"") was the name of the flagship Cuban InterCity service between Havana and Santiago. Owned by Ferrocarriles de Cuba, it was operated by SNCF ex-Trans Europ Express (TEE) PBA coaches, originally used in Europe between Paris and Amsterdam, on the Étoile du Nord service and Mistral 69 coaches used in France between Paris and Nice on Le Mistral. Both of these two French flagship trains were replaced by TGV and Thalys from 1982 (Mistral) to 1996 (Étoile du Nord). The Tren Francés was formed by 12 coaches and a Chinese-built diesel locomotive.Over the years, the coaches deteriorated. In 2019, the service was replaced by a new service using Chinese-built coaches."
Trenitalia France,"Trenitalia France is an open-access train operator running international services between France and Italy. It was originally established under the Thello brand in October 2011.
On 11 December 2011, Thello ran its first night service, having rapidly come into operation to take advantage of a vacant niche opened by the withdrawal of the Artesia cross-border service only one month prior. The operator was initially structured as a joint venture, its ownership being divided between the Italian state-owned train operator Trenitalia and the French conglomerate Veolia Transdev. During June 2016, Transdev sold their share in the venture to Trenitalia. Within its early years of operations, Thello sought to expand onto other routes, including to direct compete with Thalys on the Paris-Brussels cross-border service. On 21 March 2018, the company announced that it was taking steps to establish its own high speed services between France and Italy in the coming years.
Thello services were heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, being heavily curtailed in March of that year. During the following year, it was decided to permanently terminate all operations on 1 July 2021. The move marked the retirement of the Thello brand. During October 2021, it was announced that cross-border services between France and Italy would be restarted in the coming months; the same announcement revealed that the Trenitalia France brand would be used instead. On 18 December 2021, a high-speed train service was launched between Paris and Milan; in contrast to the slower rolling stock used by the prior Thello service, Frecciarossa 1000 trainsets have been operated instead."
Resort,"A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that tries to provide most of a vacationer's wants, such as food, drink, swimming, lodging, sports, entertainment, and shopping, on the premises. The term resort may be used for a hotel property that provides an array of amenities, typically including entertainment and recreational activities. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort, such as the Grand Hotel at Mackinac Island, Michigan. Some resorts are also condominium complexes that are timeshares or owned fractionally or wholly owned condominium. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, but in the late 20th century, that sort of facility became more common.
In British English, ""resort"" means a town which people visit for holidays and days out which usually contains hotels at which such holidaymakers stay.  Examples would include Blackpool and Brighton."
Banyan Tree Holdings,"Banyan Tree Holdings Limited (also known as Banyan Tree Group) is a Singaporean multinational hospitality brand that manages and develops resorts, hotels and spas in Asia, America, Africa and the Middle East. The brand was established in 1994. As of July 2023, the company operates 70 resorts and hotels. Under its management are also 63 spas, 64 retail galleries, and three championship golf courses in 23 countries."
List of summer colonies,"The term summer colony is often used, particularly in the United States, to describe well-known resorts and upper-class enclaves, typically located near the ocean or mountains of New England or the Great Lakes. In Canada, the term cottage country is often preferred. Many of these historic communities are considered quiet bastions of old money, though some, such as The Hamptons, are now well known for their celebrity-driven social scenes. Additionally, their economies tend to be driven largely by this tourist trade, particularly those communities that are remote or on islands. Some summer colonies within sufficient proximity to an urban center, such as Lake Bluff, Illinois or Denville, New Jersey, may eventually become a year-round commuter town, while retaining the original character."
Moon World Resorts,"Moon World Resorts Inc. is a Canadian based Architectural Design and Intellectual property licensor which plans to license the build-out and operation of four MOON Destination Resorts around the globe. The company was founded in 2000 by Sandra G. Matthews and Michael R. Henderson. Each MOON Destination Resort will stand approximately 1000 feet (305 meters) tall. MOON is a fully integrated Destination Resort which includes a 4000 all suite hotel component. Each MOON project will be an approximately 5.5m square feet / 516k square meter build out.

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NRA Whittington Center,"The NRA Whittington Center is one of the largest and most comprehensive shooting facilities in the United States. Owned and operated by the National Rifle Association of America (NRA), the centre is located in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colfax County, New Mexico. Ten percent of the 33,300-acre (13,500 ha) site has been developed to include twenty-three shooting ranges, an administration building, a cafeteria, a museum, a library, classrooms, and full-service hookups for 175 recreational vehicles. The remainder of the site provides wildlife habitat at elevations above 6,300 feet (1,900 m) with primitive camp-grounds and remote back-country cabins for hunting, bird watching, wildlife viewing, photography, hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding.

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Resort hotel,"A resort hotel is a hotel which often contains full-sized luxury facilities with full-service accommodations and amenities. These hotels may attract both business conferences and vacationing tourists and offer more than a convenient place to stay. These hotels may be referred to as major conference center hotels, flagship hotels, destination hotels, and destination resorts. The market for conference and resort hotels is a subject for market analysis.These hotels as destinations may be characterized by distinctive architecture, upscale lodgings, ballrooms, large conference facilities, restaurants, and recreation activities such as golf or skiing. They may be located in a variety of settings from major cities to remote locations.

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White Sulphur Springs (California),White Sulphur Springs was considered the oldest warm mineral springs resort facility in Northern California. It was founded in 1852 in the town of St. Helena in the Napa Valley. Most of the structures at the site were destroyed in 2020 in the Glass Fire.
Xenia Hotels & Resorts,"Xenia Hotels & Resorts, Inc. is a real estate investment trust that invests in hotels. As of December 31, 2019, it owned 39 hotels comprising 11,245 rooms.

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List of timeshare companies,This is a list of the major timeshare companies worldwide.
Timeshare,"A timeshare (sometimes called a vacation ownership or vacation club) is a property with a divided form of ownership or use rights. These properties are typically resort condominium units, in which multiple parties hold rights to use the property, and each owner of the same accommodation is allotted their period of time. Units may be sold as a partial ownership, lease, or ""right to use"", in which case the latter holds no claim to ownership of the property. The ownership of timeshare programs is varied, and has been changing over the decades.

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Asspen,"""Asspen"" is the second episode of the sixth season and the 81st overall episode of the American animated television series South Park. Going by production order, it is the 3rd episode of Season 6 instead of the 2nd episode. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 13, 2002. In the episode, the boys go on vacation at Aspen, Colorado, where Stan is repeatedly tormented by an older skier named Tad. Meanwhile, the boys' parents become stuck at a meeting as two salesmen attempt to coax them into purchasing timeshare property.
The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. The episode serves as a parody of underdog sports films from the 1980s, while the subplot was conceived while Parker and co-creator Matt Stone were repeatedly annoyed by timeshare salesmen while in Whistler, British Columbia. ""Asspen"" has received very positive reviews, with critics listing it as among the best episodes of the series. Along with the rest of the sixth season, it was released on home video on October 11, 2005."
Destination club,"The concept of a destination club was introduced in 1998, when Rob McGrath, a veteran of the luxury time share development business, launched Private Retreats. Since then, more than 30 companies have launched clubs targeting affluent families that want the benefits of second home ownership, but with more flexibility and choice in where they vacation each year. Inspirato with American Express is the world's largest destination club.By joining a destination club, a member gains access to a collection of vacation homes in various locations around the world in exchange for a one-time membership fee and annual membership dues. Consistent with other vacation options, inventory can be booked based on availability. Some clubs allow members to purchase different membership-types which offer different levels of reservation priority, personalized services and resort amenities such as beach clubs, luxury spas and private chefs."
Elara (timeshare),"Elara (formerly PH Towers) is a 52-story timeshare building at 80 East Harmon Avenue in Paradise, Nevada, located behind the Planet Hollywood resort that operates on the Las Vegas Strip.
After two projects failed to materialize on the property, Robert Earl and David A. Siegel partnered in 2005 to develop a hotel and timeshare project known as PH Towers. Groundbreaking took place in January 2006, and the tower was topped off in July 2008. The $660 million project opened in December 2009, but plans for additional towers were cancelled.
When it opened, the tower featured 1,201 units, approximately 200 of which would be used as timeshares, while the remainder would be used as hotel rooms for the Planet Hollywood resort. The tower was owned by Siegel's Westgate Resorts, while Earl's Planet Hollywood International, Inc. marketed the tower and handled operations. Harrah's Entertainment purchased the Planet Hollywood resort in 2010, and took over marketing and operations of PH Towers. Because of financial difficulty, Westgate Resorts sold the tower in 2011, and Hilton Grand Vacations Company was appointed to rebrand it and to handle sales and marketing. The tower was renamed as Elara in March 2012."
Going Native,"""Going Native"" is the eleventh episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated sitcom South Park, and the 234th episode of the series overall. It premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on October 17, 2012. In the episode, when Butters starts acting out at school, he learns that he was not born in South Park. He and Kenny journey to Butters' homeland for his coming of age ceremony.
The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA in the United States."
Hilton Grand Vacations Club,"Hilton Grand Vacations Club is a timeshare property located on the northern end of the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada. The property was previously occupied by the El Rancho Vegas hotel and casino from 1941 until 1960, when it burned down. The land remained vacant until 2001, when Hilton Grand Vacations purchased a portion of the property and began construction of a 28-story timeshare tower.
Construction was postponed after the September 11 attacks, as hotels owned by Hilton Hotels Corporation were financially suffering from a lack of tourism as a result of the attacks. Construction resumed in 2002, and the tower opened in February 2004. A second tower, standing 38 stories, began construction later that year and was completed in 2006."
Marriott's Grand Chateau,"Marriott’s Grand Chateau is a timeshare resort near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, managed by Marriott Vacation Club. It is a 38-story tower with three wings; a fourth wing is planned. It has 643 suites, and amenities including a gym, three bars, and two swimming pools."
Minor Hotels,"Minor Hotels is an international hotel owner, operator and investor from Bangkok, Thailand with more than 550 hotels in 55 countries across Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Europe and the Americas. The hotel group operates as a subsidiary of Minor International PCL, one of the largest hospitality and leisure companies in the Asia Pacific region. The group operates hotels under the brands of Anantara Hotels, Resorts & Spas, Avani Hotels & Resorts, NH Hotels, NH Collection, nhow Hotels, Tivoli Hotels & Resorts, Oaks Hotels & Resorts and Elewana Collection."
Minor International,"Minor International is a Thai multi-national company based in Bangkok, Thailand. The three core businesses of Minor are hospitality, restaurants and lifestyle brands distribution, operated under subsidiary companies Minor Hotels, Minor Food, and Minor Lifestyle respectively.
Minor Hotels is a hotel owner, operator and investor with a portfolio of 530 hotels and serviced suites under the Anantara, AVANI, Oaks, Tivoli, Elewana, NH Hotels, NH Collection, nhow Hotels, Four Seasons, St. Regis and Radisson Blu brands in 65 countries across Asia Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Europe and South America. 
Minor Food is one of Asia's largest restaurant companies with over 2,300 outlets operating system-wide in 27 countries under The Pizza Company, The Coffee Club, Thai Express, Riverside and Benihana brands, alongside franchise and joint-venture operations under the Swensen's, Sizzler, Dairy Queen, Burger King and BreadTalk brands.
Minor Lifestyle is one of the largest distributors of lifestyle brands in Thailand with a portfolio of international brands including Brooks Brothers, Esprit, Bossini, Etam, OVS, Radley, Anello, Charles & Keith, Pedro, Zwilling J.A. Henckels, Joseph Joseph and Minor Smart Kids, and a footprint of over 470 retail outlets."
Mystic Dunes Resort & Golf Club,"Mystic Dunes Resort & Golf Club (formerly known as Wyndham Palms) resides on over 600 acres (2.4 km2) of rolling hills, Florida nature preserves, and tropical landscaping in Celebration, Florida.  It is located on one of the highest elevations in the area, roughly two miles from the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. The star feature of the resort is the Mystic Dunes Golf Club, which is the namesake of the resort, and comprises roughly 33% of the property."
Seascape Beach Resort,"The Seascape Beach Resort is a resort located in Aptos, California in the United States."
Smugglers' Notch Resort,"Smugglers' Notch Resort is a ski resort area in the town of Cambridge, Vermont, United States, located near the village of Jeffersonville.  Its vertical drop of 2,610 feet (800 m) is the fourth largest in New England and the third largest in Vermont.  Its namesake is a narrow notch (mountain pass) running adjacent to Sterling Mountain, which smugglers used many years ago. Smugglers' Notch, nicknamed Smuggs, consists of three mountains: Morse, Madonna, and Sterling. The resort attracts skiers in the winter and summer vacationers during the warmer months."
Tahiti Village,"Tahiti Village is a Tahitian-themed timeshare resort located on 27 acres (11 ha) of land at 7200 South Las Vegas Boulevard, south of the Las Vegas Strip, in Enterprise, Nevada."
The Grandview at Las Vegas,"The Grandview at Las Vegas is a timeshare property resort located on 26.49 acres (10.72 ha) of land at 9940 South Las Vegas Boulevard, south of the Las Vegas Strip, in Enterprise, Nevada. The property is owned by Eldorado Resorts Corporation, and consists of eight buildings, ranging between 12 and 20 floors, with a total of 2,256 units."
Timeshare donation,"Timeshare donation is a consumer relief strategy that allows timeshare owners a legitimate way out of their timeshare ownership.  The concept of timeshare donation is less than ten years old, but gains popularity each year as the timeshare resale market continues to falter.  In recent years, due to a severely depressed timeshare resale market owners looking to sell their timeshare have little success.  Timeshare owners also face a myriad of unscrupulous timeshare listing companies looking for large up-front fees with the promise that their timeshare will soon be out of their name.  Typically the listing company cannot sell their timeshare, nor do they have an incentive because they can collect another listing fee after the original listing contract expires.  For many timeshare owners, trying to sell their timeshare becomes a vicious cycle of broken promises, high fees, and little to no interest from buyers. According to the Florida Attorney General’s Office, timeshare owners are also especially vulnerable to timeshare resale scams. Ultimately, many owners look to simply give-away, or donate their timeshare to a willing party because their timeshare investment has become a liability."
Trading Places International,"Trading Places International (TPI) is a corporation located in Lake Forest, California. TPI provides a full spectrum of vacation services to vacation interval owners, resort associations, and resort developers.  They rank third worldwide in independent vacation exchanges confirmed annually at hundreds of resorts.  The company specializes in association and resort management, vacation exchanges, rentals, owner resales, traditional travel, and developer support offerings.Similar to RCI, TPI works directly with resorts and individual owners in affiliate programs. If the owner of a timeshare unit at one of TPI's member resorts is in good financial standing with their resort, then TPI allows the owner to deposit their timeshare week(s) and exchange their week(s) with TPI's available inventory. Typically, TPI allows an owner to deposit their week(s) up to a year advance of arrival date; this practice is sometimes referred to as ""banking your week(s)"". Timeshare owners may exchange their week(s) through TPI for a different week(s) at their own resort. Timeshare owners are able to exchange to destinations all over the world or back to their home resort.
Trading Places, unlike many timeshare companies, also acts as a property manager for some properties. Its largest competitor using the same model (free membership) is Dial-an-Exchange (DAE Live). Their largest competitors that charge yearly memberships are Resort Condominiums International and Interval International (However, Interval International owns Trading Places within their corporate structure).
In November 2010, Trading Places was acquired by Interval Leisure Group.In May 2022, Trading Places was acquired by Capital Vacations."
Travel + Leisure Co.,"Travel + Leisure Co. (formerly Wyndham Destinations, Inc. and Wyndham Worldwide Corporation) is an American timeshare company headquartered in Orlando, Florida. It develops, sells, and manages timeshare properties under several vacation ownership clubs, including Club Wyndham and WorldMark by Wyndham, and provides timeshare exchange services, primarily through RCI.
The company operates three business lines: Wyndham Destinations, the world's largest vacation ownership business; Panorama, operating vacation exchange, membership travel, and travel technology businesses; and Travel + Leisure Group, offering consumer travel products, including online and subscription travel services and product licensing.Wyndham Worldwide was formed as a spin-off from Cendant Corporation in 2006, with ownership of Cendant's hotel and timeshare businesses. In 2018, Wyndham Worldwide spun off its hotel division as Wyndham Hotels & Resorts and changed its own name to Wyndham Destinations and then to Travel + Leisure in 2021 following the acquisition of the brand from Meredith Corporation, later known as Dotdash Meredith. The Travel + Leisure magazine is published independently by Dotdash Meredith under a long-term license agreement."
Trump International Hotel Las Vegas,"The Trump International Hotel Las Vegas is a 64-story hotel, condominium, and timeshare located on Fashion Show Drive in Paradise, Nevada, US, named for owner Donald Trump, who later became US president. It is located down the street from Wynn Las Vegas, behind the former site of the New Frontier Hotel and Casino on 3.46 acres (14,000 m2), near the Fashion Show Mall, and features both non-residential hotel condominiums and residential condominiums. The exterior glass is infused with gold.Tower 1 opened on March 31, 2008, with 1,282 rooms. It has two restaurants: DJT, the developer's initials, and a poolside restaurant, H2(eau).  Trump announced that a second, identical tower would be built next to the first tower, but the plan was suspended after the mid-2000s recession. It is Las Vegas's tallest residential building at 622 feet (190 m). In September 2012, the Trump Organization announced that it sold roughly 300 condominium units in Trump International Hotel Las Vegas to Hilton Worldwide's timeshare division, Hilton Grand Vacations.

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Vacation rental,"A vacation rental is the renting out of a furnished apartment, house, or professionally managed resort-condominium complex on a temporary basis to tourists as an alternative to a hotel.  The term vacation rental is mainly used in the US. Other terms used are self-catering rentals, holiday homes, holiday lets (in the United Kingdom), cottage holidays (for rentals of smaller accommodation in rural locations) and gites (in rural locations in France).
Vacation rentals have long been a popular travel option in Europe (especially in the UK) as well as in Canada and are becoming increasingly popular around the world."
Airbnb,"Airbnb, Inc. ( AIR-BEE-en-BEE) is an American San Francisco-based company operating an online marketplace for short- and long-term homestays and experiences. The company acts as a broker and charges a commission from each booking. The company was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia. Airbnb is a shortened version of its original name, AirBedandBreakfast.com. The company is credited with revolutionizing the tourism industry, while also having been the subject of intense criticism by residents of tourism hotspot cities like Barcelona and Venice for enabling an unaffordable increase in home rents, and for a lack of regulation."
Campervan hire agency,
CanadaStays,"CanadaStays is a Canadian online marketplace for short-term vacation rental properties, with over 250,000 cottages, cabins, chalets and condos available to rent across Canada, the US, the Caribbean, Mexico and South America. Founded in Toronto in 2008, CanadaStays has since become Canada's largest vacation rental marketplace, with over $24MM in bookings reported in 2017."
Casa rural,"A casa rural (Spanish; meaning ""country house"") or casa de pagès (Catalan) is a form of basic self-catering tourist accommodation in Spain equivalent to gîtes in France. The casas rurales may be rented by the building or by the room. Most casas rurales belong to owner associations.In Portugal the same class of accommodation is called casa de turismo rural."
Cofman,Cofman is a Danish travel portal company founded in 2000 with the aim to index all holiday rental homes European wide and the ability for customers to instantly identify and reserve relevant holiday homes instantly online.
DanCenter,"DanCenter is a vacation rental marketplace listing more than 10,000 properties in Scandinavia and northern Germany. It is also the operator of 28 holiday resorts 28 holiday in Denmark resorts under the Danland brand.

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Farm stay,"A farm stay (or farmstay) is any type of accommodation on a working farm. Some farm stays may be interactive. Some are family-focused and offer children opportunities to feed animals, collect eggs and learn how a farm functions. Others do not allow children. The term ""farm stay"" can also describe a work exchange agreement, where the guest works a set number of hours per week in exchange for free or affordable accommodation.Farm stays can be described as agritourism (farmer opening their farm to tourists for any reason, including farm stands and u-pick), ecotourism (Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people), and geotourism (tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place—its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents).
During the COVID-19 pandemic, farm stays became significantly more popular than previous years, as noted through AirBNB site behavior data."
FlipKey,"FlipKey is an online vacation rental marketplace. It is a subsidiary of TripAdvisor. In 2016 the company listed more than 300,000 properties in 179 countries. Its headquarters is in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.Although rental owners are verified by the company's staff before being added to the FlipKey website, the site relies heavily on traveler reviews of rental properties. FlipKey also publishes ratings for travel-related items such as food blogs and in the United States it provides ratings of national historic sites.Citing complaints that FlipKey would not guarantee functional amenities in its rental sites, in 2016 Better Business Bureau gave the company an F rating."
Gîte,"A gîte or gite (French pronunciation: ​[ʒit]) is, typically, a holiday rental home in France, but there are many interpretations of the term 'gîte'. They range from a gîtes d'etape, a hostel, for walkers and cyclists, to a gîte rural, a holiday home in the country available for rent, often an accessory dwelling unit. The term gîte originally meant quite simply a form of shelter. Gîtes d'etape, which resemble mountain huts, or youth hostel, usually provide meals and have dormitory accommodation. They are found along Grande Randonnée  long distance trails. The holiday homes type are fully furnished and equipped for self-catering. Some owners may also provide meals.It is often suggested that a gite is a property whose owner lives nearby and can provide a warm welcome to guests, but the word is frequently used (or misused) in a much wider sense. Gîtes are generally old farmworkers' cottages or converted outbuildings and barns. This type of holiday accommodation is sometimes regarded as ""basic""' in terms of facilities; however, most gîtes are generally very well kept, and a growing number will have  fully fitted kitchens, en-suite bathrooms, TV, DVD, and access to a swimming pool or other sporting activities. The term gîte  encompasses most forms of holiday cottage and even holiday flats or apartments. Many gîtes will also accept pets.
Some gîtes do not provide linen as standard, so many gîte holidaymakers take their linen with them. However, many gîte owners do include linen at least as an option. 
Gîtes are encouraged by the local tourist board and planning authorities since they attract investment and tourism.
Gîte owners are required to ensure that their gîtes are safe and comply with the necessary rules, regulations, and insurance requirements.
In French-speaking regions of Europe, there are several associations of gîte owners.
Gîtes de France is an organization where people can rent gîtes in France."
HomeAway,"HomeAway was a vacation rental marketplace. It operated through 50 websites in 23 languages through which it offered rentals of cabins, condos, castles, villas, barns, and farmhouses.
Founded in February 2005 and headquartered in Austin, Texas, the company became a publicly traded company in 2011. Expedia Group acquired HomeAway on December 15, 2015 for $3.9 billion in cash and stock. In 2020 HomeAway and VRBO websites were rebranded as single Vrbo website.

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HomeExchange.com,"HomeExchange.com is a network to facilitate home exchanges.Each home has a number of points attributed, called ""Guestpoints"". Members can either do reciprocal exchanges or non-reciprocal exchanges with guestpoints. They earn points by hosting other members, and they can use those to stay at other homes. In order to finalize a reciprocal exchange, members need to activate their annual membership of US$220 (or €160 in Europe) per year, for unlimited exchanges. As of December 2022 homeexchange.com has >100,000 members and over 450,000 homes in 133 countries."
Intervac International,"Intervac International (short for International Vacation) is a service used to arrange home exchanges.Founded in 1953 in Switzerland by several teachers that wanted to travel internationally with a limited budget during their summer vacations, Intervac was the first home exchange network."
Living Architecture,"Living Architecture is a not-for-profit  holiday home rental company in the UK. 
It was founded by philosopher and writer Alain de Botton, who launched the scheme in 2010 in what its website claims is the first programme of its kind.The houses include:

The Balancing Barn, near Aldeburgh, Suffolk: opened October 2010. Architect: MVRDV with Mole as Executive Architect
The Shingle House, Dungeness,  Kent: opened Nov 2010. Architect: Nord architecture
The Dune House, Thorpeness, Suffolk: opened Dec 2010. Architect: JVA with Mole  as Executive Architect
A Room for London, on the roof of the Queen Elizabeth Hall, South Bank, London: opened 2012. A collaboration with cultural organisation Artangel. Launched as part of the 2012 Cultural Olympiad. Architect: David Kohn and artist Fiona Banner.
The Long House, Cockthorpe, Norfolk: opening Oct 2011. Architect: Hopkins Architects
Secular Retreat, Completed in 2019. Architect: Peter Zumthor with Mole as Executive Architect
A House for Essex (or ""Julie’s House""), Wrabness, Essex: opened in 2015. Created by the artist Grayson Perry, working with Fashion Architecture Taste (FAT)"
Niumba,"Niumba is an online marketplace for arranging or offering lodging, primarily homestays. The website has 334,000 listings, 22% of which are located in Spain. 
It is a subsidiary of TripAdvisor."
Otalo.com,"Otalo.com  (pronounced ō·tal·ō) is a fare aggregator and metasearch engine for vacation rentals. It enables its users to search across different vacation rental advertising sites using a single search.The site was launched by Baer Tierkel and Mike Giles. Giles was previously the founder of the social bookmarking site Furl, that was acquired by LookSmart in 2004.  Tierkel was previously the co-founder of the social citizenship site Localocracy, as well as chief marketing officer of the enterprise software company PeopleSoft."
The Plum Guide,"Plum Guide is a global vacation rental company headquartered in London, UK, with offices in New York and Hong Kong. The company was launched in 2016."
Riders Share,"Riders Share (RidersShare, Inc.) is a peer-to-peer motorcycle sharing community based in Austin, Texas. The company matches underused motorcycles with vetted riders that want to rent them. Riders Share uses machine learning to screen riders, supplies owners with insurance policies, and offers roadside assistance to their renters.
As of 2021, Riders Share has a community of 80,000 registered users and over 15,000 members have rented their motorcycles on the platform. They carry a large selection of motorcycles including brands like BMW, Ducati, Harley-Davidson, Indian Motorcycle, and Can-Am.Their mission is to make motorcycles affordable by creating extra income for people who want to rent their bikes and by helping more than 20 million ex-riders in the United States get back on the road.

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Sonder (company),"Sonder Holdings Inc. manages short-term rentals, such as apartment hotels, in North America, Europe, and Dubai. It was founded in Montreal, Canada in 2014 and since 2016 has been based in San Francisco, California.Sonder manages over 9,000 units in over 40 cities in 10 countries and has served over 1 million guests. It is the largest host on Airbnb. Although it competes with Airbnb, Sonder leases and manages its own rentals. It targets travelers who prefer larger accommodations than a hotel room but want a more predictable experience than renting from an amateur host. Guests use a mobile app to check in and get customer support. The company outsources maintenance and housekeeping services."
ThirdHome,"ThirdHome is a global home exchange service, specializing in luxury properties, founded by Wade Shealy in 2010. With its headquarters in Brentwood, Tennessee, United States, the company operates internationally, positioning itself uniquely to cater exclusively to owners of second homes."
Tripping.com,"Tripping.com, a subsidiary of HomeToGo, is an online search engine and review aggregator for vacation rentals. It aggregates over 10 million listings in more than 150,000 cities worldwide. It is based in San Francisco, California. Tripping.com partners with and displays listings from booking websites including Booking.com, HomeAway, Vrbo, FlipKey, Roomorama, Interhome, Novasol, Wimdu, ZenRentals, Bedycasa, WayToStay, Gloveler, HolidayVelvet, 9flats, AlwaysOnVacation, RedAwning, and Housetrip. Users can search by price, ratings, location and features and amenities."
Veeve,"Veeve is a home sharing service for London homeowners. It was founded (as Vive Unique) in 2011 by Jonny Morris and Claire Whisker (a former lawyer and barrister). Veeve opened its first office, in Hoxton, in April 2012 with 200 private home rentals. In May 2014 the company received backing of £3.5 million from sharing economy specialists Smedvig Capital, and in June 2014 the company opened its second office in Battersea.
In summer 2014 the company stated that the number of homeowners signing up to its service had increased fourfold. In November 2015, Smedvig Capital made a further investment in the company taking their total funding to £7 million.The company agrees a fixed weekly rate with homeowners taking into account factors such as location, quality, availability and how many the property can sleep."
Villa,"A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably.  After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. Then they gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes.  In the Early Modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most survivals have now been engulfed by suburbia.  In modern parlance, ""villa"" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside."
Vrbo,"Vrbo ( VER-boh) operates an online marketplace for vacation rentals. It was originally known as Vacation Rentals by Owner or VRBO. It is headquartered in Austin, Texas, and is owned by Expedia Group.

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Wimdu,"Wimdu, powered by HomeToGo, is an online marketplace for booking lodging, accessible by website and mobile app for iOS and Android. The company does not own any lodging; it is merely a broker and receives commissions from every booking. It is set up as a ""clone"" of similar websites. Wimdu searches and redirects users to the website that has the relationship with the lodging provider such as Expedia, Booking.com, HomeAway, Vrbo, Hotels.com, TripAdvisor, FlipKey, and Airbnb.
In 2015, the most popular locations booked on Wimdu were:  Paris, Rome, London, Amsterdam, New York City, Lisbon, Berlin, Vienna, Split, Croatia, and Barcelona. The top five places in Germany were Berlin, Munich, Cologne, Dresden, and Leipzig."
World's Most Amazing Vacation Rentals,"The World's Most Amazing Vacation Rentals is a 2021 American Netflix series following three hosts as they travel the world visiting unique, budget, and luxury vacation properties. Netflix streamed two seasons of the series, which initially premiered on June 18, 2021.

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Villa,"A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably.  After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. Then they gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes.  In the Early Modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most survivals have now been engulfed by suburbia.  In modern parlance, ""villa"" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside."
Kajuru Castle,"Kajuru Castle is a luxury villa, built between the years 1981 and 1989, at Kajuru (Ajure) village in southern Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was built by a German expatriate in Nigeria, living in Kaduna at the time.The castle is located at about 45 km from Kaduna on a mountaintop in Kajuru (Ajure) village, Kaduna State. Built with 1 meter thick granite stone in a fanciful medieval-inspired Romanesque style, it is adorned with turrets, an armory and a dungeon.
The castle is privately owned, and has the capacity to host 150 guests."
Sky Villas,"A sky villa is a housing concept which brings together the designs of villas and apartments into a single construct. It is, essentially, a large apartment spanning an entire floor of an apartment building (or even two or more floors). Typically considered in the premium or luxury category of real estate around the globe, sky villas bring together living in a wide home space with the security and amenities of living in an apartment. An example of the luxury class of a sky villa is the single two floor sky villa suite of the Palms Casino Resort's fantasy tower, which is billed at $35,487USD per night, ranking it at number five among the world's 15 most expensive suites.Sky villas today are easily attributed with a heavy price tag and numerous amenities, which includes having a butler and five-star chef on premises. Sky Villas are designed for exclusivity and extreme comfort for the residents, therefore are not easily affordable. It differs from penthouses, where the luxury amenities are limited only to the residents of the penthouse. In a sky villa, every resident has access to luxury amenities, along with privacy and security."
A&O Hotels and Hostels,"a&o Hotels and Hostels GmbH is a chain of hostels, headquartered in Berlin, that targets young travelers and backpackers, offering cheap group rooms and hotel rooms for two. The hostels are generally centrally located, mostly close to train stations. A&O has 40 subsidiaries in nine countries, making it the biggest privately owned hostel-chain in Europe. In 2019 it recorded about 5 million overnight stays and realised sales of €165 million."
Connie Alexander (youth hostelling),Edith Constance Alexander (27 November 1897 – 9 November 1979) was a pioneer of youth hostelling in the United Kingdom. She was a founder member of the  Youth Hostels Association in the UK and their first warden.
Association Residence Nursing Home,"The Association Residence Nursing Home, also called the Association for the Relief of Respectable, Aged and Indigent Females, is an historic building in New York City built from 1881–1883 to the design of Richard Morris Hunt in the Victorian Gothic style. It is located on Amsterdam Avenue between 103rd and 104th Streets on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, and is now a hostel run by Hostelling International. The Association was founded in 1814 to help the widows of soldiers of the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. An addition to the building was constructed on the south end of the property in 1907, with seven Tiffany windows that are now in the Morse Museum of American Art's collection. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975."
Backpacking (travel),"Backpacking is a form of low-cost, independent travel, which often includes staying in inexpensive lodgings and carrying all necessary possessions in a backpack. Once seen as a marginal form of travel undertaken only through necessity, it has become a mainstream form of tourism.While backpacker tourism is generally a form of youth travel, primarily undertaken by young people during gap years, it is also undertaken by older people during a career break or retirement."
Wilfrid Merydith Capper,"Wilfrid Merydith Capper (12 July 1905 – 27 July 1998) was a countryside campaigner in Northern Ireland. Educated at Bangor Grammar School, Methodist College, and Queen's University. Capper's career in the forestry division of the Ministry of Agriculture fitted well with his interest in the countryside."
Danhostel Copenhagen City,"The Danhostel Copenhagen City is a hostel situated next to Langebro Bridge in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is one of the largest European hostels, the biggest in a metropolitan area."
De Goede Hoop Hostel,"De Goede Hoop is a private, Afrikaans language, Christian hostel geared towards male and female students at the University of Pretoria. The hostel was founded in 2017 by the civil rights organization AfriForum. The foundation made headlines because Afrikaans was the only language used there and they did not follow the university's rules that residence halls must be 43% black. In 2017, the hostel housed 66 students, every single one of them white. One black student was accepted for accommodation, but was rejected for financial reasons.Most students at De Goede Hoop are between 19 and 25 years old.
It is located on the corner of Reitz and Verdoorn Streets in Sunnyside, Pretoria, 1.8 km from the UP main campus and 3 km from the Groenkloof campus."
Hostelling International,"Hostelling International (HI), formerly known as International Youth Hostel Federation (IYHF), is a grouping of more than seventy National Youth Hostel Associations in over eighty countries, with over 4,000 affiliated hostels around the world. Hostelling International is a non-governmental, not-for-profit organisation working with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO and the World Tourism Organisation UNWTO."
One Man and His Bog,"One Man and His Bog (subtitled: The Reluctant Rambler's Guide to Walking the Pennine Way) is a 1986 travelogue book written by Barry Pilton and published by Corgi which started life as a series of talks on BBC Radio 4. It gives a light-hearted account of his walking the full length of the Pennine Way in 21 days, from Edale in Derbyshire to Kirk Yetholm in the Scottish Borders. The book has a foreword by Mike Harding and illustrations by Gray Jolliffe.
The book opens with an author's note: ""If this book should in some small way encourage people to take up walking themselves, then the author suggests they read the book again more carefully"".
It includes humorous tales of the people he met on the route, his overnight stops primarily at Youth Hostels and the toll it took on his body. A glossary of ""Difficult Technical Terms"" is also included, for example ""Compass – instrument for establishing you are lost"".
The book's title refers to that of the well-known television series One Man and His Dog, which features sheepdog trials, often in the Pennines and other upland areas."
Richard Schirrmann,Richard Schirrmann (15 May 1874 – 14 December 1961) was a German teacher and founder of the first hostel.
Brook Silva-Braga,"Brook Silva-Braga (born March 27, 1979) is an American documentary film producer. He shared a Primetime Emmy Award for his production of Inside the NFL. He is best known from his documentary, A Map for Saturday, in which he produced, directed, and starred. This award-winning film is about his adventures as a backpacker for 11 months in 2005, in which he stayed in various hostels, and was released in 2007. His second film, One Day in Africa, was released in 2009. In 2011 his third film was released, The China Question. He is currently an on-air reporter for The Washington Post and freelances for CBS Newspath."
Monroe and Isabel Smith,"Monroe William Smith, a former Boy Scout executive, and his wife Isabel Bacheler Smith, art teacher, founded American Youth Hostels as a young couple, in 1934, in Northfield, Massachusetts. Monroe also founded Youth Argosy, an organization intended to ""provide travel opportunities for worthy young people of slender means"" and resigned his directorship of American Youth Hostels in 1949 to devote time to Youth Argosy.  After a promising start, Youth Argosy went bankrupt in 1951, largely due to a new Civil Aeronautics Board regulation aimed at small charter groups.Monroe attended the Mount Hermon School for boys in 1919. After graduation, he became a Massachusetts school teacher and boy scout leader. During a scout trip to Europe, Monroe and Isabel met Richard Schirrmann and learned about his German Hostelling Organization. They later attended the second International Hosteling Meeting in 1933 and brought the idea of hosteling back to the United States, where the American Hostelling International movement was born.Monroe was born on January 22, 1901, in Sunderland, Massachusetts, and died on December 8, 1972, in Delray Beach, Florida. Isabel was born on December 12, 1898, in Hartford, Connecticut, and died on May 3, 1985, in Boulder, Colorado. They had three children, Elizabeth, Steve, and Jonathan."
Adventure travel,"Adventure travel is a type of niche tourism, involving exploration or travel with a certain degree of risk (real or perceived), and which may require special skills and physical exertion. In the United States, adventure tourism has grown in recent decades as tourists seek out-of-the-ordinary or ""roads less traveled"" vacations, but lack of a clear operational definition has hampered measurement of market size and growth. According to the U.S.-based Adventure Travel Trade Association, adventure travel may be any tourist activity that includes physical activity, a cultural exchange, and connection with nature.Adventure tourists may have the motivation to achieve mental states characterized as rush or flow,  resulting from stepping outside their comfort zone. This may be from experiencing culture shock or by performing acts requiring significant effort and involve some degree of risk, real or perceived, or physical danger. This may include activities such as mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, mountain biking, cycling, canoeing, scuba diving, rafting, kayaking, zip-lining, paragliding, hiking, exploring, canyoneering, sandboarding, caving and rock climbing. Some obscure forms of adventure travel include disaster and ghetto tourism. Other rising forms of adventure travel include social and jungle tourism.
Access to inexpensive consumer technology, with respect to Global Positioning Systems, flashpacking, social networking and photography, have increased the worldwide interest in adventure travel. The interest in independent adventure travel has also increased as more specialist travel websites emerge offering previously niche locations and sports.
Adventure sports tourism has traditionally been dominated by men. Although women's participation has grown, the gender gap is still pronounced in terms of quantitative engagement in these forms of sport tourism. Yet, in competitive adventure sport tourism, the success rate of females is currently higher than that of males"
Tourist attraction,"A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement."
Audio tour,"An audio tour or audio guide provides a recorded spoken commentary, normally through a handheld device, to a visitor attraction such as a museum. They are also available for self-guided tours of outdoor locations, or as a part of an organised tour. It provides background, context, and information on the things being viewed. Audio guides are often in multilingual versions and can be made available in different ways. Some of the more elaborate tours may include original music and interviews. They are traditionally rented on the spot, more recently downloaded from the Internet, or available via the mobile phone network. Some audio guides are free or included in the entrance fee, others have to be purchased separately."
Boat tour,"A boat tour is a short trip in a relatively small boat taken for touristic reasons, typically starting and ending in the same place, and normally of a duration less than a day. This contrasts with river cruising, yacht cruising, and ocean cruising, in larger boats or cruise ships, for any number of days, with accommodation in cabins.
For boat tours, usually a sightseeing boat is used, but sometimes adapted amphibious vehicles or purpose-built amphibious buses. Boat tours are often on rivers and lakes, but can be on canals as well. Sustainability is an increasing issue, since there can be an impact on the environment."
Donkey rides,"Donkey rides are a traditional feature of seaside resorts in the United Kingdom. Children are allowed to ride donkeys on a sandy beach for a fee in summer months while on holiday, normally led in groups at walking pace. Typically, the donkeys used to have their names on their harnesses so they could be identified by children and parents alike.
Donkey rides have been available since 1886 in Weston Super Mare and since 1895 in Bridlington. The tradition started in Victorian times, but is now much less popular. It is probable that the donkeys offered to ride on were originally working draught animals in the cockle industries around the coast.
In 2017, a petition to ban traditional donkey rides gained more than 110,000 signatures, 18,407 from the UK."
Duck tour,"Duck tours (or, more formally, amphibious tours), are tours that take place on purpose-built amphibious tour buses and (modified) surplus amphibious military vehicles, like DUKWs (""Ducks"") and LARC-Vs. They are often offered as tourist attractions in harbor, river and lake cities."
Escorted tour,"Escorted tours are a form of tourism in which travelers are escorted in a group to various destinations; they differ from a self-guided tour, when the tourist is not part of an organised group.Escorted tours (in US English) are also known as Guided tours or Package Tours.

Escorted tours are normally conducted by a tour director who takes care of all services from the beginning to end of the tour. Escorted tours normally include accommodation, transport, meals and some sightseeing. Escorted tours are often conducted by motor coach and usually no more than three nights are spent in each location visited. They are usually fast-paced and prices includes almost everything.

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Family entertainment center,"A family entertainment center, often abbreviated FEC in the entertainment industry, also known as an indoor amusement park, family amusement center, family fun center, soft play, or simply fun center, is a small amusement park marketed towards families with small children to teenagers, often entirely indoors. They usually cater to ""sub-regional markets of larger metropolitan areas."" FECs are generally small compared to full-scale amusement parks, with fewer attractions, a lower per-person per-hour cost to consumers than a traditional amusement park, and not usually major tourist attractions, but sustained by an area customer base. Many are locally owned and operated, although there are a number of chains and franchises in the field. Some, operated by non-profit organizations as children's museum or science museums, tend to be geared toward edutainment experiences rather than simply amusement.

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Game drive (Wildlife tourism),"Game drive or sometimes also written gamedrive is a word which is based on two words, namely game and drive. The word game refers to animals that are not domesticated, the so-called wildlife. The word drive refers to a drive with a vehicle.
A game drive is usually part of a safari, a trip or a journey. It can be carried out with own cars like in national parks or game reserves, or it can be a guided tour in specially for that purpose adapted off-road vehicles led by a professional safari guide. Those 4 × 4 game viewing vehicles are designed to allow a safer trip for tourists. On farms and lodges however, a game drive is an adventure that entails viewing wildlife in an off-road car, always accompanied by safari guides or the farmer himself, who will explain the animal's behavior and interpret the bush.Guided game drives mostly take place in the early morning, late afternoon or in the evening, because most animals are more active during cooler times of the day."
Glass-bottom boat,"A glass-bottom boat is a boat with sections of glass, panoramic bottom glass or other suitable transparent material, below the waterline allowing passengers to observe the underwater environment from within the boat. The view through the glass bottom is better than simply looking into the water from above, because one does not have to look through optically erratic surface disturbances. The effect is similar to that achieved by a diving mask, while the passengers are able to stay dry and out of the water."
Heritage trail,"Heritage trails are walking trails and driving routes in urban and rural settings that are identified by signage and guidebooks as relating to cultural heritage. The heritage might be built architecture, or it can be a cultural heritage narrative. In most cases it is in public space.
The nature of the trail can be seen to be beneficial for community development, community participation, for discovering community heritage, and for involvement by community in developing the trails.Heritage Walks are a means of discovering the undiscovered and undiscovered riches of the country. It contributes to the development of the city's history and character through the development of an interest in urban conservation activities and local community involvement. Heritage Walk can encourage people to support projects like conservation and protection of historical monuments by collecting authentic information about them and publishing them through various media. The residences of prominent citizens are also part of the heritage. Socially, heritage assets have the potential to contribute to the life and identity of an area. In many cases, they are places that are focal points for community activities, such as public halls, schools, mechanics' institutes, places of religious worship, and parks."
Hiking,"Hiking is a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails or footpaths in the countryside. Walking for pleasure developed in Europe during the eighteenth century. Religious pilgrimages have existed much longer but they involve walking long distances for a spiritual purpose associated with specific religions.
""Hiking"" is the preferred term in Canada and the United States; the term ""walking"" is used in these regions for shorter, particularly urban walks. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, the word ""walking"" describes all forms of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps. The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling, hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England). The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927. In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping. It is a popular activity with numerous hiking organizations worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits."
Imbalu,"Imbalu is a public circumcision ceremony practiced by the Bamasaba people of Uganda. It takes place at the Mutoto cultural site (also called Mutoto cultural ground) near Mbale in eastern Uganda. It is mostly active in the 8th month of every even year. The ground is believed to be the place where the first Mugishu (Mumasaba) was circumcised. This community affair is characterized by dance and food. The ceremony has been heavily promoted as a tourist attraction, and tens of thousands of people attend.  Imbalu marks the initiation of boys into manhood and  every year, hundreds of boys aged 16 and above qualify for the Imbalu. In 2022, about 6,000 boys were initiated into manhood during the cultural ceremony that happens every year. This is because the ceremony had not happened ever since 2020 when Uganda was locked down due to the outbreak of covid-19 pandemic.The age old tradition  defines and unites the people in Bugisu sub-region including the Bamasaba people of Mbale, Manafwa, Bulambuli, Sironko and Bududa districts. This is because they  are believed to be descendants of Masaba."
Mountain pass,"A mountain pass is a navigable route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Since many of the world's mountain ranges have presented formidable barriers to travel, passes have played a key role in trade, war, and both human and animal migration throughout history. At lower elevations it may be called a hill pass. A mountain pass is typically formed between two volcanic peaks or created by erosion from water or wind."
Museum,"A museum ( mew-ZEE-əm) is a community service that displays and preserves objects of significance. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects in public display, and some have private collections that are used by researchers and specialists. Compared to a library, a museum hosts a much wider ranges of objects and usually focus around a specific theme such as the arts, science, natural history, local history, and other topics. Public museums that host exhibitions and interactive demonstrations are often considered to be tourist attractions, and many museums attract large numbers of visitors from outside their host country, with the most visited museums in the world regularly attracting millions of visitors annually.
Since the establishment of the earliest known museum in ancient times, museums have been associated with academia and the preservation of rare items. Museums originated as private collections of interesting items, and only much later did the emphasis on educating the public take root."
Photo stand-in,"A photo stand-in (also called a face in the hole board or photo cutout board) is a large board with an image printed on it and that has one or more holes cut out where people can stick their face through the board for humorous effect. The hole aligns with an area in the image that creates an optical illusion of the person's face being an actual part of the scene. This illusion is then often immortalized by taking a photograph of the person's face through the board. Photo stand-ins may be found at midways, carnivals, parties, tourist traps, theme parks and similar locations and events that people visit for entertainment. The television game show You're in the Picture revolved around celebrity guests using a photo stand-in, having to guess what scene they were in. The Dutch game show De Jongens tegen de Meisjes had a segment with a similar game from the second season onwards.

The use of an image on a board that could be held up as a foreground below the chin was patented by Cassius Marcellus Coolidge in 1874. The photo stand-in as it is widely known today predates this version, which Coolidge acknowledges in his patent. His patent and successful marketing of both versions did however lead to him often being credited as the inventor.The earliest inspiration might be tourist attractions in 19th century Egypt, where a face hole was cut out of a sarcophagus and a sphinx statue (probably plaster reproductions) so that a photo can be taken where the tourist pretends to be a mummy or sphinx. One such surviving photo is of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, posing as a mummy while in Cairo, 1894. Another is of James Deering and Abby Deering Howe, posing as a mummy and a sphinx, taken in the 1870s by the photographers Pascal Sebah and Émile Béchard, who were based in Cairo."
Recreational travel,"Recreational travel involves travel for pleasure and recreation. 
Following the introduction of rail transport (note the concept of the railway excursion), the automobile has made recreational travel more available for people worldwide. Automobiles also allow the easy hauling of trailers, travel trailers, popup campers, off-road vehicles, boats and bicycles, which fosters recreational travel."
Road trip,"A road trip, sometimes spelled roadtrip, is a long-distance journey traveled by automobile.

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Self-guided tour,"A self-guided tour is a tour in which the participant is not escorted by a guide. As with escorted tours, self-guided tours may be conducted on foot or by vehicle. Audio tours are frequently presented in a self-guided format using booklets, smart phones or standalone handheld devices, as are virtual tours."
Semi-submarine,"A semi-submarine (semi-sub) is a surface vessel that is not capable of diving, but has accommodation space below the waterline featuring underwater windows. The watercraft is similar to glass-bottom boats, but with deeper draft. Both types of boats are mainly used to provide sight-seeing trips for tourists in clear, calm, and often shallow, waters.

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Statue rubbing,"Statue rubbing is the act of touching a part of a public statue. Popular among tourists, it is a form of superstition that is believed to bring good luck, ensure a return to the city, improve love life or make a wish come true.
The parts that are supposed to be rubbed are usually the most protruding or characteristic ones, for example noses or feet. In Springfield, Illinois, at Lincoln's Tomb, rubbing the nose of Honest Abe's large bust is good luck. Some of those superstitions also involve touching breasts or genitalia of the person depicted on the statue – this is usually supposed to bring luck in love or improve fertility. One example is the Statue of Juliet in Verona.Rubbing statues can have negative effects on them as it causes erosion. Because of that some well-known statues had to be replaced with a replica and some places discourage or ban tourists from doing it. It is also possible to acquire a bacterial infection from touching statues."
Staycation,"A staycation (a portmanteau of ""stay"" and ""vacation""), or holistay (a portmanteau of ""holiday"" and ""stay""), is a period in which an individual or family stays home and participates in leisure activities within day trip distance of their home and does not require overnight accommodation. In British English, the term has increasingly come to refer to domestic tourism: taking a holiday in one's own country as opposed to traveling abroad.Common activities of a staycation include the use of a backyard pool, visits to local parks and museums, and attendance at local festivals and amusement parks. Some staycationers also like to follow a set of rules, such as setting a start and end date, planning ahead, and avoiding routine, with the goal of creating the feel of a traditional vacation.Staycations achieved popularity in the U.S. during the financial crisis of 2007–2010. In 2020, staycations became common due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
Swimming with dolphins,"The popularity of swimming with dolphins increased in the 1980s and 1990s, occurring in over 65 countries, both as a form of therapy as well as a tourist activity. Proponents of dolphin-assisted therapy (DAT) say that interacting with dolphins can help to treat mental and physical disorders in humans, but there is limited clinical evidence proving its benefits. Marine parks and other tourist destinations offering ""swim-with-dolphin"" experiences have also promoted the purported healing attributes of dolphins. Opponents argue that interactions between humans and dolphins have had a negative impact on dolphin populations both in the wild and in captivity, and that the practice can be dangerous for humans. Concerns over animal welfare have led to bans on swimming with dolphins in Costa Rica, as well as certain locations in New Zealand and Hawaii.

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Tax-free shopping,"Tax-free shopping (TFS) is the buying of goods in another  country or state and obtaining a refund of the sales tax which has been collected by the retailer on those goods. The sales tax may be variously described as a sales tax, goods and services tax (GST), value added tax (VAT), or consumption tax.
Promoting tax-free shopping and making it easier for tourists to claim the refund back has helped to attract travellers to many countries. TFS is subject to national regulations, such as minimum spend and restrictions on the types of products on which it can be claimed. Refunds can only be claimed on goods which are exported. Buying goods tax free does not mean travellers are exempt from paying applicable taxes on their purchases when they get home; however, they will generally be able to benefit from an allowance of a certain amount on import."
Tour bus service,"A tour bus service is an escorted tour (sometimes a package holiday) or bus service that takes visitors sightseeing, with routes around tourist attractions.

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Tourist trolley,"A tourist trolley, also called a road trolley, is a rubber-tired bus designed to resemble an old-style streetcar or tram, usually with false clerestory roof. The vehicles are usually fueled by diesel, or sometimes compressed natural gas.
The name refers to the American English usage of the word trolley to mean an electric streetcar. As these vehicles are not actually trolleys, and to avoid confusion with trolley buses,  the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) refers to them as ""trolley-replica buses""."
Travel,"Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations. Travel can be done by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, ship or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip. Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements, as in the case of tourism."
Vacation,"A vacation (American English) or holiday (British English) is either a leave of absence from a regular job or an instance of leisure travel away from home. People often take a vacation during specific holiday observances or for specific festivals or celebrations. Vacations are often spent with friends or family. Vacations may include a specific trip or journey, usually for the purpose of recreation or tourism.
A person may take a longer break from work, such as a sabbatical, gap year, or career break.
The concept of taking a vacation is a recent invention, and has developed through the last two centuries. Historically, the idea of travel for recreation was a luxury that only wealthy people could afford (see Grand Tour).  In the Puritan culture of early America, taking a break from work for reasons other than weekly observance of the Sabbath was frowned upon. However, the modern concept of vacation was led by a later religious movement encouraging spiritual retreat and recreation. The notion of breaking from work periodically took root among the middle and working class."
Walking tour,"A walking tour is a tour of a historical or cultural site undertaken on foot, frequently in an urban setting. Short tours can last under an hour, while longer ones can take in multiple sites and last a full day or more. A walk can be led by a tour guide, as an escort.

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Shopping,"Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the potential intent to purchase a suitable selection of them. A typology of shopper types has been developed by scholars which identifies one group of shoppers as recreational shoppers, that is, those who enjoy shopping and view it as a  leisure activity.Online shopping has become a major disruptor in the retail industry as consumers can now search for product information and place product orders across different regions. Online retailers deliver their products directly to the consumers' home, offices, or wherever they want. The B2C (business to consumer) process has made it easy for consumers to select any product online from a retailer's website and to have it delivered relatively quickly. Using online shopping methods, consumers do not need to consume energy by physically visiting physical stores. This way they save time and the cost of traveling. A retailer or a shop is a business that presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods.
Shoppers' shopping experiences may vary. They are based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood."
Bazaar,"A bazaar (Persian: بازار) or souk (Arabic: سوق, romanized: sūq; also transliterated as souq or suq) is a marketplace consisting of multiple small stalls or shops, especially in the Middle East, the Balkans, North Africa and South Asia. However, temporary open markets elsewhere, such as in the West, might also designate themselves as bazaars. The ones in the Middle East were traditionally located in vaulted or covered streets that had doors on each end and served as a city's central marketplace. Street markets are the European and North American equivalents.
The term bazaar originates from Persian, where it referred to a town's public market district. The term bazaar is sometimes also used to refer collectively to the merchants, bankers and craftsmen who work in that area. The term souk comes from Arabic and refers to marketplaces in the Middle East and North Africa.Although the lack of archaeological evidence has limited detailed studies of the evolution of bazaars, the earliest evidence for the existence of bazaars or souks dates to around 3000 BCE. Cities in the ancient Middle East appear to have contained commercial districts. Later, in the historic Islamic world, bazaars typically shared in common certain institutions, such as the position of the muḥtasib, and certain architectural forms, such as roofed streets and courtyard buildings known in English as caravanserais. The exact details of their evolution and organization varied from region to region.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Western interest in oriental culture led to the publication of many books about daily life in Middle Eastern countries. Souks, bazaars and the trappings of trade feature prominently in paintings and engravings, works of fiction and travel writing.
Shopping at a bazaar or market-place remains a central feature of daily life in many Middle-Eastern and South Asian cities and towns and the bazaar remains the beating heart of West Asian and South Asian life; in the Middle East, souks tend to be found in a city's old quarter. Bazaars and souks are often important tourist attractions. A number of bazaar districts have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites due to their historical and/or architectural significance."
Comparison goods,"In retail economics and geography, comparison goods are products which are usually higher value and purchased infrequently, such as vehicles, household goods or clothing. Consumers tend to compare products before purchasing them to maximise value and quality. They are contrasted with convenience goods, which are purchased frequently and are usually low value (such as food). Shops offering comparison goods are often clustered in central business districts or in out-of-town retail centres, where retailers can compete over their offers."
Retail therapy,"Retail therapy is shopping with the primary purpose of improving the buyer's mood or disposition. Often seen in people during periods of depression or stress, it is normally a short-lived habit. Items purchased during periods of retail therapy are sometimes referred to as ""comfort buys"" (compare comfort food).
The name retail therapy is ironic and semifacetious, acknowledging that shopping hardly qualifies as true therapy in the medical or psychotherapeutic sense. It was first used in the 1980s, with the first reference being this sentence in the Chicago Tribune of Christmas Eve 1986: ""We've become a nation measuring out our lives in shopping bags and nursing our psychic ills through retail therapy.""The fact that shopping may provide a short time of comfort (relief from dysphoria), but also imposes costs and is subject to comedown and withdrawal, make it, like opioid use, either a therapy or an addiction, depending on whether each person uses it adaptively or maladaptively. Retail therapy thus exists on a spectrum with shopping addiction (compulsive buying disorder). In 2001, the European Union conducted a study finding that 33% of shoppers surveyed had ""high level of addiction to rash or unnecessary consumption"". This habit was causing debt problems for many. The same study also found that young Scottish people had the highest susceptibility to binge purchasing. A 2013 survey of 1000 American adults found that slightly more than half had engaged in retail therapy, with the practice being more common among women (63.9% of women and 39.8% of men); women were most likely to buy clothing while men were most likely to buy food. Research from professors at Youngstown State University found similar results (64% of women vs. 40% of men), with relief from anxiety being the most common reason for retail therapy.Researchers at Melbourne University have advocated its classification as a psychological disorder called oniomania or compulsive shopping disorder.Window shopping can offer some of the comforts of shopping. The advantage is that many items and many stores can be enjoyed without cost –  far more than spending would allow. The disadvantage is that one cannot acquire or keep the items."
Shopping hours,"Customs and regulations for shopping hours (times that shops are open) vary between countries and between cities.

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Shopping list,"A shopping list is a list of items needed to be purchased by a shopper.  Consumers often compile a shopping list of groceries to purchase on the next visit to the grocery store (a grocery list). There are surviving examples of Roman and Bible-era shopping lists.
The shopping list itself may be simply a scrap piece of paper or something more elaborate.  There are pads with magnets for keeping an incremental list available at the home, typically on the refrigerator, but any magnetic clip with scraps of paper can be used to achieve the same result.  There is even a specific device that dispenses a strip of paper from a roll for use in a shopping list. Some shopping carts come with a small clipboard to fit shopping lists on."
Window shopping,"Window shopping, sometimes called browsing, refers to an activity in which a consumer browses through or examines a store's merchandise as a form of leisure or external search behaviour without a current intent to buy. Depending on the individual, window shopping can be a pastime or be used to obtain information about a product's development, brand differences, or sale prices.The development of window shopping, as a form of recreation, is strongly associated with the rise of the middle classes in 17th and 18th century Europe. Glazing was a central feature of the grand shopping arcades that spread across Europe from the late 18th century. Promenading in these arcades became a popular 19th-century pastime for the emerging middle classes.
Traditionally, window shopping involves visiting a brick-and-mortar store to examine the goods on display, but it is also done online in recent times due to the availability of the internet and e-commerce. A person who enjoys window shopping is known as a window shopper."
Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority,"Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority (ADTA) was a statutory body in the United Arab Emirates established in 2004 under the Government of Abu Dhabi’s economic diversification strategy. The authority had wide-ranging responsibilities for the promotion and development of the emirate’s tourism industry and international positioning as a destination of distinction.ADTA worked closely with all the emirate's tourism industry stakeholders in the private and public sectors. These bodies included aviation infrastructure and transport suppliers, airlines, destination management companies, accommodation providers and meetings organisers. Together they adopted a collaborative approach to promoting the emirate as an up-market destination with a focus on sustaining and preserving its natural environment and heritage.
ADTA's activities included destination marketing, infrastructure and product development and regulation and classification. The authority had built up an expansive portfolio of major events including the annual European Tour-based Abu Dhabi Golf Championship; the Abu Dhabi Junior Golf Championship; the Al Ain Aerobatics Show; Gourmet Abu Dhabi; the Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge, the Abu Dhabi Red Bull Air Race and the six-weeks long 'Summer in Abu Dhabi' family carnival. It is also a headline sponsor of the Abu Dhabi Yacht Show and actively supports the World Rally Championship through its BP-Ford Team Abu Dhabi alliance, which also extended to sponsorship of reigning Red Bull Air Race champion Hannes Arch and international powerboat and triathlon squads.
ADTA also served as a catalyst in driving inward tourism investment, growth and development. A key initiative in its inward investment strategy was the creation, in 2006 of the Tourism Development and Investment Company (TDIC), the authority's tourism asset management and development arm.The Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority (TCA) was established in February 2012 replacing the Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture & Heritage (ADACH) and the Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority."
Africa Travel Association,"Africa Travel Association (ATA) is a non-profit international travel industry trade association established in 1975.
ATA defines its mission as to ""promote travel, tourism and transport to and within Africa, and to strengthen intra-Africa partnerships.""
ATA serves both the public and private sectors of the international travel and tourism industry. ATA membership comprises African governments, their tourism ministers, tourism bureaus and boards, airlines, cruise lines, hotels, resorts, front-line travel sellers and providers, tour operators and travel agents, media and affiliate members.
ATA partners with the African Union Commission (AUC) to promote the sustainable development of tourism to and across Africa. ATA's annual events in Africa and the United States bring together industry leaders to shape Africa's tourism agenda."
Alpine Pearls,"Alpine Pearls is a cooperative established in 2006, consisting of 23 municipalities in five alpine countries. The tourism association claims to support and promote active mobility. The cooperation’s members fulfill strict quality criteria like town centers with reduced traffic, transfer services, environmentally friendly leisure time facilities, the guarantee of mobility without a car, and ecological minimum standards."
Arizona Sports and Tourism Authority,"The Arizona Sports and Tourism Authority (AZSTA) is a corporate and political body  having the rights, powers and immunities of a municipal corporation.  It was created on April 24, 2000, by Arizona Senate Bill 1220. The mission of the AZSTA is to build and operate a multipurpose facility, to provide funding for tourism promotion in Maricopa County, to improve Cactus League spring training facilities, and to build community youth and amateur sports and recreational facilities.
The AZSTA Board of Directors consists of nine citizens of Maricopa Co. who volunteer their time and accept no compensation or per diem.  The Board members are appointed to five-year terms by the Governor (5), the President of the Senate (2) and the Speaker of the House (2) and are eligible to serve two terms.  Board appointees are appointed to achieve a balanced representation of the Valley's regions as well as the tourism industry, Cactus League and youth sports. The daily operation of the AZSTA is overseen by the Executive Staff Members.

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Asian Institute of Tourism,Asian Institute of Tourism (Tagalog: Linangan ng Turismo sa Asya) is one of the colleges under the University of the Philippines System and is located at the UP Diliman campus.
Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits,"The Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits (ATETS; simplified Chinese: 海峡两岸旅游交流协会; traditional Chinese: 海峽兩岸旅遊交流協會; pinyin: Hǎixiá Liǎng'àn Lǚyóu Jiāoliú Xiéhuì) is a semi-official representative office of the People's Republic of China in Taiwan handling tourism-related affairs. Its counterpart body in Mainland China by the Republic of China is the Taiwan Strait Tourism Association.
The CSTEA office is located in Ruentex Tower at Daan District, Taipei."
Association for Tourism in Higher Education,"The Association for Tourism in Higher Education (ATHE), is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to promoting tourism as a subject of study in the UK. It encourages high standards in learning, teaching and research. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences."
Atout France,"Atout France, the France Tourism Development Agency (formerly Maison de la France, the French National Tourist Office), is the French organisation responsible for promoting France as a tourism destination."
Azerbaijan Tourism Association,"Azerbaijan Tourism Association (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Turizm Assosiasiyası), or AzTA, is one of the tourism organizations in Azerbaijan. The main goal of AzTA is to amalgamate and manage nearly all tourism companies in the country."
Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation,"Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation (BPC) (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পর্যটন করপোরেশন) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism of Bangladesh, tasked to promote the tourism industry of the country. It is the National Tourism Organization of the country. Recently Bangladesh Government has formed Tourist Police unit to better protect local and foreign tourists as well as look after the nature and wildlife in the tourist spots."
Bangladesh Tourism Board,"The Bangladesh Tourism Board (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পর্যটন বোর্ড) is the national tourism organisation of Bangladesh, responsible for promoting tourism and providing necessary training and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ahmed Jaber is the present CEO of the board."
Belize Tourism Industry Association,"The Belize Tourism Industry Association (BTIA) is the largest tourism association in Belize. The organization was formed on April 26, 1985 and is governed by a Board of Directors and managed by a small secretariat.BTIA advocates for issues that affect the tourism industry in Belize and provides a network and forum for addressing tourism related concerns.
On May 5, 2014, the BTIA filed a claim for judicial review in the Supreme Court of Belize against the Department of Environment on its decision to give the green light on Norwegian Cruise Line Harvest Caye Project."
California Office of Tourism,"The California Office of Tourism, popularly referred to as the Division of Tourism, is a statutory office within the Business, Transportation and Housing Agency. Created by the California Tourism Marketing Act, the office's primary responsibilities are oversight of the California Tourism Selection Committee and the California Travel and Tourism Commission.
The office is directed by the  Caroline Beteta who is Deputy Secretary of Tourism of the Business, Transportation and Housing Agency, who also serves as the executive director of the Travel and Tourism Commission."
Capital Region Tourism,"Capital Region Tourism was a tourism partnership in Wales which aims to promote tourism in the Cardiff Capital Region. CRT is based at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff in the Penylan area of Cardiff.Cardiff is the most popular area in Wales for tourists, with 11.7 million visitors in 2006, and provides 8,400 full-time jobs in the sector."
Caribbean Tourism Organization,The Caribbean Tourism Organization's main objective is the development of sustainable tourism for the economic and social benefit of Caribbean people.
Central Nova Tourist Association,The Central Nova Tourist Association (CNTA) is one of seven provincially recognized tourist associations that work directly with Nova Scotia Department of Tourism Culture and Heritage. It is a membership based organization that is dedicated to promoting and supporting tourism in the Central Nova Scotia region (primarily along the Glooscap and Sunrise Trail).
List of tourism-related institutions in China,"This is a list of government bodies, agencies, institutions and other corporations related to the tourism in China."
China National Tourism Administration,"The China National Tourism Administration (CNTA; simplified Chinese: 国家旅游局; traditional Chinese: 國家旅游局; pinyin: Guójiā Lǚyóu Jú) was a Chinese government authority responsible for the development of tourism in the country. The CNTA was subordinate to the State Council. Its headquarters are in Beijing, with regional branches in various provinces. The predecessor was the China Travel and Tourism Administration (later renamed the China Travel and Tourism Administration) established in 1964. It was once an agency directly under the State Council in charge of tourism.
CNTA does not have the authority of a full department within the Chinese government to enforce regulations, but in other respects it acts as a ministry. Provincial CNTA offices in each Chinese province report to the central office in Beijing. CNTA has eighteen overseas offices called CNTO (China National Tourism Offices) that are charged with promoting tourism to China. In Europe, there are CNTO offices in London and Paris.
CNTA is unique as a tourism office in that it is also responsible for controlling the outflow of tourists from China abroad.
Its headquarters were in Dongcheng District. The CNTA was dissolved on March 19, 2018; the duties are merged to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism."
China Tourism Association,"China Tourism Association is a Chinese industry association affiliated with China National Tourism Administration.
The Chinese tourism industry is jointly represented by the China Tourism Association and the National Travel Trade Association.
It runs a subordinate educational organisation, the China Tourism Education, associating the tertiary and secondary education providers who offers tourism-related courses in China."
Compagnia Italiana Turismo,"CIT, the Compagnia Italiana Turismo, was an Italian travel agency and tourism promotion quango, privatized in 1996.
It was established by royal charter in 1927 as the Fascist tourist promotion agency, in contrast to the Liberal ENIT and the bourgeois Touring Club Italiano. Its first president was Ezio Maria Gray, an enthusiastic Fascist and corporatist.Its goal was to promote Italy as an international tourist destination and to support Italian foreign tourism. To do this, it created a network of travel agencies in Italy and worldwide.  Its founding members were the Ferrovie dello Stato, the Banco di Sicilia, the Banco di Napoli, and ENIT (the Italian national tourist board).
After its 1996 privatization, CIT was never able to establish itself financially, and was liquidated in bankruptcy court in Milan in 2008."
Costa Rican Tourism Board,"The Costa Rican Tourism Board (Spanish: Instituto Costarricense de Turismo) is the government agency responsible for promoting sustainable tourism in Costa Rica. Originally the agency was created by decree in 1931 as the National Tourism Board, and by a law approved on 9 August 1955, the agency became the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT).The Tourism Board is responsible for granting the fiscal incentives available in the country since 1985 for tourism development. These incentives consist mainly of tax exemptions for companies providing hotel services, air transport, car rental, gastronomy services, travel agencies, and other tourism related services.The agency introduced in 1997 a voluntary Certification for Sustainable Tourism Program (known as CST) was introduced in order to turn ""the concept of sustainability into something real"" by ""improving the way in which the natural and social resources are utilized, to motivate the active participation of the local communities, and to support the competitiveness of the business sector. The program was aimed for all types of businesses in the tourism industry, but it began only with lodging providers. By 2007, a total of 108 parameters are considered for the CST evaluation."
Croatian National Tourist Board,"The Croatian National Tourist Board (Croatian: Hrvatska turistička zajednica or HTZ) is Croatia's national tourist organization founded with a view to promoting and creating the identity, and to enhance the reputation of, Croatian tourism. The mission also includes the planning and implementation of a common strategy and the conception of its promotion, proposal and the performance of promotional activities of mutual interest for all subjects in tourism in the country and abroad, as well as raising the overall quality of the whole range of tourist services on offer in the Republic of Croatia. Its headquarters is located in Zagreb."
Destination Canada,"Destination Canada, formerly the Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC; French: Commission canadienne du tourisme (CCT)), was created in 1995 to promote tourism in Canada.  It is a Crown corporation, wholly owned by the Government of Canada, which reports to the Minister of Small Business and Tourism and the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development.Destination Canada states that it ""is dedicated to promoting the growth and profitability of the Canadian tourism industry by marketing Canada as a desirable travel destination and providing timely and accurate information to the Canadian tourism industry to assist in its decision making."" It also claims to ""recognise that the greatest source of tourism knowledge and expertise rests with the tourism industry itself. Therefore, Destination Canada designs, delivers and funds marketing and research initiatives in partnership with provincial and regional tourism associations, government agencies, hoteliers, tour operators, airlines and attractions managers.""
It has operated marketing campaigns in Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States.The organization is headed by a 10-person board of directors which is overseen by a President and chief executive officer, chosen from the combined private and public sector nature of the industry to represent the various regions of Canada as well as the country's demographic composition."
Destination Cleveland,"Destination Cleveland (formerly the Convention and Visitors Bureau of Greater Cleveland, Inc., Positively Cleveland and originally the Convention Board of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce) is the convention and visitor bureau for the Greater Cleveland area. It was incorporated as an independent organization in 1934 and adopted the Positively Cleveland name in 2007.Destination Cleveland is a non-profit organization that works to bring conventions and tourists to Cleveland, Ohio. Each year, 14.05 million convention and leisure visitors bring $4.53 billion into the local economy. That makes the convention and tourism business one of the largest industries in Cuyahoga County. Destination Cleveland's offices are located at 334 Euclid Avenue at the corner of E. 4th Street and Euclid in downtown Cleveland.  A Visitor Information Center is also housed and operated in the building.Destination Cleveland is a member organization, promoting more than 600 members from the hospitality industry, including restaurants, transportation, hotels, events, attractions and entertainment."
Destination Marketing Association International,"Destinations International (formerly Destination Marketing Association International) is a professional organization representing destination organizations and convention and visitor bureaus worldwide.
As the world's largest resource for official destination organizations, Destinations International represents over 6,000 professionals from 575 destination organizations across the globe.
They provide members— professionals, industry partners, students and educators— with educational resources, networking opportunities and marketing benefits available worldwide.
They maintain an online bookstore and resource center, an e-mail discussion lists for members, professional certificates and designations (PDM, CDME), an accreditation program and an official online travel portal: OfficialTravelGuide.com. Destinations International also owns the Meeting Information Network (MINT), the meetings and convention database."
Destino Argentina,"Based in the city of Buenos Aires, Destino Argentina is one of the most important boards for the tourist promotion of Argentina. Cultural centres, museums, theatres, galleries, shopping malls, vineyards, big luxury hotels and small boutique hotels, lodges, spas, gourmet restaurants, airlines, tour operators, car rental firms, media and consultancy agencies, and many other enterprises belonging to the hospitality industry are members of this non-profit organization created in 2003.As its goal is to promote Argentina in foreign countries as a first-class tourist destination, the organization and coordination of press trips with journalists of international media is the main activity. Japan and Qatar, Spain and Colombia, Australia and China, Germany and Russia are some the countries where the assisted media are based, according to the information provided in the website. Destino Argentina maintains strategic agreements with the National Institute for Touristic Promotion (InProTur), the National Ministry of Tourism, the Tourism Board of the City of Buenos Aires, the Patagonia Tourism Board and many other regional tourism organizations."
Embratur,"Embratur, also known as the Brazilian Tourist Board, is a federal, state-owned agency reporting to the Brazilian Ministry of Tourism. It was formed in 1966 and works exclusively on the promotion, marketing and supporting to the trading of services, products and tourist destinations of Brazil abroad.Embratur works to promote tourism within Brazil, and has entered agreements with states such as Amazonas and the Federal District. The current president of Embratur is Marcelo Freixo."
ENIT,"ENIT—Agenzia nazionale del turismo, known in English as The Italian Government Tourist Board, formerly the Ente Nazionale Italiano per il Turismo ('Italian National Agency for Tourism') is the Italian national tourism board. The national Tourist Board is situated in Rome."
European Institute of Cultural Routes,"The European Institute of Cultural Routes is a non-profit association based in Luxembourg whose aim is to help the Council of Europe, as a technical body, in the establishment of European Cultural Routes.
It was established in 1998 and its role is:
to examine applications for new projects;
to monitor activities in the field and co-ordinate the work of partner organizations;
to disseminate and archive information documents.The Council of Europe:

entrusted the Institute to follow up the already elected routes, to co-ordinate and provide technical aid to networks, in particular in their development in Central and Eastern Europe, to initiate new proposals as well as to disseminate information and set up a database that will constitute the memory of the programme of the cultural routes.The European Institute of Cultural Routes
The European Institute of Cultural Routes (EICR) was established as a European public service and technical body as part of a political agreement between the Council of Europe and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Ministry of Culture, Further Education and Research). Since 1988 the Institute has worked in close collaboration with the Council of Europe in carrying out its responsibilities, namely to ensure the continuity and development of the programme of the Cultural Routes in the 51 signatory countries of the European Cultural Convention and, depending on the geographical and historical requirements of the themes, in those countries which have had and continue to have close relations with Europe.
The EICR resides in the Centre Culturel de Rencontre – Abbaye de Neumünster, in Luxembourg. It retains all relevant documentation and maintains a specialist library on the routes. The Institute regularly welcomes those in charge of the networks of the routes as well as project managers, researchers, students and members of the general public. The EICR is also charged with participating in European training, research and analysis programmes concerning cultural tourism, for the European Commission and various governments and project managers. The Institute organises themed symposiums and specialist training, collaborates in the setting up and running of the Routes, and participates in specialist exhibitions while promoting a greater awareness of the links between culture, tourism and the environment.
From 2004 to 2006 the Institute managed the visibility and communication work of the European research programme PICTURE (Proactive management of the impact of cultural tourism on urban resources and economies).
In 2008 the European Commission (Directorate-General Education and Culture) named the EICR as a body active on a European level in the field of Culture, in recognition for its essential role in creating a coherent programme of sustainable cultural tourism initiatives promoting the ""Destination Europe"" and encouraging Europeans to discover their common roots and history through travel and the exploration of material and immaterial heritage.
The Institute is a member of NECSTOUR, an association of European regions working to develop competitive and sustainable tourism, and has signed an agreement with the Cité de la Culture et du Tourisme durable to provide distance-learning and to study the sustainability of introducing tourism to the cultural routes. The Institute is currently working with the Council of Europe and the Tourism Unit of the European Commission on a study into the impact of the cultural routes on small and medium businesses.
In 2011 the Institute welcome a Partial Agreement aimed at combining the voluntary contributions of those member countries of the Council of Europe who wish to increase the funds available to the cultural routes.
Since the opening up of Europe to the East, the Cultural Routes have enabled, and continue to enable (particularly by expanding to include the Southern Caucasus), the creation of a real dialogue between Eastern and Western Europeans. The opening of a resource centre for the Cultural Routes in Sibiu, in the Casa Luxembourg, in liaison with the European Institute of Cultural Routes in Luxembourg and the Mioritics Association is testament to this.
Stefano Dominioni is the current Director of the Institute and Executive Secretary of the Enlarged Partial Agreement on Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe. Michel Thomas-Penette and Penelope Denu directed the Institute from 1998 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2015 respectively.
Christian Biever is President of the Institute since 2018. He replaced Robert Philippart, Colette Flesch, Erna Hennicot-Schoepges and Guy Dockendorf."
European Travel Commission,"The European Travel Commission (ETC) is an association of national tourism organisations (NTOs) based in Brussels. It was created in 1948 to promote Europe as a tourist destination to long-haul markets outside of Europe, originally the US and later Canada, Latin America and Asia-Pacific. ETC currently has 33 member NTOs and 14 associate members from the private industry. The association aims to raise awareness of the importance of tourism among national European authorities and the general public through sharing best practices and cooperation in market intelligence and promotion."
Fáilte Ireland,"Fáilte Ireland is the operating name of the National Tourism Development Authority of Ireland. This authority was established under the National Tourism Development Authority Act of 2003 to replace and build upon the functions of Bord Fáilte, its predecessor organisation. The organisation was established to support the development and promotion of tourism in Ireland, and it undertakes tourism marketing, training and research activities."
Federal Agency for Tourism (Russia),"The Federal Agency for Tourism (Rostourism) was a federal executive body of the Russian Federation, created by Presidential Decree No. 1453 of November 18, 2004 and dissolved on October 20, 2022. The Federal Agency for Tourism was responsible for rendering state services, managing state property and performing law-enforcement functions in the field of tourism. It was under the direct jurisdiction of the government of Russia. Activities of the Federal Agency for Tourism guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal laws, Decrees of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, and international treaties. The Federal Agency for Tourism carried out its activities in cooperation with other federal executive bodies, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-governing bodies, public associations and other organizations. The Federal Agency for Tourism was a legal entity, had a seal with the image of the State Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation and its name, other seals, stamp, and letterhead, as well as bank and other accounts opened. It received funding for its operation and project implementation from the federal budget. The agency head office was in Moscow."
German National Tourist Board,"The German National Tourist Board (abbreviation: GNTB, German: Deutsche Zentrale für Tourismus e.V., DZT) is a national marketing organisation which has worked with the Federal Government of Germany to promote tourism in and to Germany. It represents Germany throughout the world as a destination for holidays, business travel and visits to friends and family.
The GNTB is an eingetragener Verein which was founded in 1948. The head office is situated in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The marketing organisation is mainly financed by the German National Ministry of Economy & Technology.
Since 1999, the German National Tourist Board has also been responsible for the marketing of domestic tourism from one region to another. Its strategic goal is the responsible marketing of inter-regional Vacation Themes in Germany.
The GNTB works in close cooperation and economic partnership with all levels of the tourism industry in Germany."
Greek National Tourism Organization,"The Greek National Tourism Organisation (Greek: Εθνικός Οργανισμός Τουρισμού, Ethnikos Organismos Tourismou), often abbreviated as GNTO (Greek: EOT) is the governmental Board for the promotion of tourism in Greece. It functions under the supervision of the Ministry of Tourism."
Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Center,"The Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Center (贵州乡村旅游发展中心), founded in 2006, was then approved by the Guizhou People's Congress as a non-profit organization. It is devoted to preserving, protecting and developing the diverse culture and non-material heritage of ethnic minority groups in southwest China, particularly their beautiful handicraft art. It is also devoted to helping Guizhou's young generation of designers and others who desire to promote ethnic art. Over the years, the Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Center has partnered with many domestic and international organizations, modern designers and young volunteers in seeking to uncover the precious art of Guizhou's many ethnic minority groups, to promote innovative design and to protect this wonderful inheritance."
Hong Kong Tourism Board,"The Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) is a Government-subvented body founded in 2001. The Board replaced the Hong Kong Tourist Association (HKTA) established in 1957. It has 15 branch offices and representative offices in 6 markets around the world, and its primary mission is to maximize the social and economic contribution that tourism makes to the community of Hong Kong, and consolidate the city's position as a desired destination. HKTA works with the Government, travel industry and other partners to market and promote Hong Kong worldwide, improving the range and quality of visitor facilities and tourism service standards, and enhancing the experiences of visitors."
Intourist,"Intourist (Russian: Интурист, a contraction of иностранный турист, ""foreign tourist"") was a Russian tour operator, headquartered in Moscow. It was founded on April 12, 1929, and served as the primary travel agency for foreign tourists in the Soviet Union.  It was privatized in 1992 and from 2011, was 50.1% owned by the British Thomas Cook Group until its collapse in September 2019. In November 2019, Anex Tours acquired the stake from the British Official Receiver."
Iperú,"Iperú Tourist Information and Assistance, or simply Iperú (with lower-case p) Spanish pronunciation: [ipeˈɾu]) is the Perú tourism office provided since 1994 by the Peruvian government through the Commission for the Promotion of Exports and Tourism of Perú (Spanish: Comisión de Promoción de las Exportaciones y el Turismo del Perú, Promperú) and the National Institute for Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intellectual, INDECOPI), to provide domestic and foreign travelers with objective and impartial information as well as support services. The organization's logo is the international tourist information symbol, a lower-case white ""i"" inside a blue circle, followed by ""perú"".
The Iperú headquarters are in Lima, and there are multilingual offices throughout the country.
During 2007, Iperú handled 287,492 cases, including requests for information and for assistance or both, all over Peru."
Irving Convention and Visitors Bureau,"The Irving Convention and Visitors Bureau (also known as the ICVB) is an independent nonprofit organization which aims to direct individuals traveling to Dallas and Fort Worth for business conventions and for leisure. It is a hospitality industry, which makes $1.5 billion annually. ICVB is funded by Irving's hotel and motel tax collections which includes hundreds of restaurants and 75 hotels which have more than 11,000 rooms. The Irving CVB is not a membership-based organization."
Japan National Tourism Organization,"The Japan National Tourism Organization (国際観光振興機構, Kokusai Kankō Shinkō Kikō), JNTO, provides information about Japan to promote travel to and in the country. It was established in 1964 and its headquarters are in Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo. The JNTO operates Tourist Information Centers (TICs) as well as a website. It disseminates information about transportation, lodging, food and beverage, and sight-seeing as well as published tourism statistics and market reports. It also provides support for international conventions and incentive events."
Japan Tourism Agency,"The Japan Tourism Agency (観光庁, Kankō-chō), JTA, is an organization which was set up on October 1, 2008 as an agency of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism."
Korea Tourism Organization,"The Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) is an organization of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. It is commissioned to promote the country's tourism industry.
The KTO was established in 1962 as a government-invested corporation responsible for the South Korean tourism industry according to the International Tourism Corporation Act. The organization promotes Korea as a tourist destination to attract foreign tourists. Starting in the 1980s, domestic tourism promotion also became a function of the KTO.
Inbound visitors totaled over 6 million in 2006 and the tourism industry is said to be one of the factors that has some influence on the Korean economy."
Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority,"The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority (LVCVA) is a government agency and the official destination marketing organization for Southern Nevada. It was founded by the Nevada Legislature in 1955. The LVCVA owns and operates the Las Vegas Convention Center (LVCC) and is responsible for the advertising campaigns for the Clark County, Nevada area. The LVCVA also owns the Las Vegas Convention Center Loop, the Las Vegas Monorail, and the Las Vegas News Bureau. The LVCVA previously operated the Cashman Center complex; however the City of Las Vegas took control at the end of 2017 and is evaluating possibilities for the facility's future.The fourteen-member board of directors of LVCVA is made up of eight elected officials appointed from each local municipality and six private-industry members appointed equally by the Nevada Resort Association and the Vegas Chamber.  Funding is provided by a room tax on all hotels in the county and through building revenue from the Las Vegas Convention Center, and through issuing bonds."
Limpopo Tourism and Parks Board,"Limpopo Tourism and Parks Board is a governmental organisation established in 2001 and  responsible for maintaining wilderness areas and public nature reserves in Limpopo Province, South Africa."
London Tourist Board,"The London Tourist Board was established in 1963 and became the official regional tourist board for London under the Development of Tourism Act in 1969.  It was responsible for the marketing and promotion of the capital, providing tourist information services, and recommending improvements to the infrastructure and facilities for the growth of tourism.  In 2003, it was renamed VisitLondon.  In 2011, it was put into administration by the Greater London Authority, and the tourism responsibility was transferred to a new company, London & Partners."
"Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation & Tourism","Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation & Tourism is a state agency and department within the Office of the Lt. Governor. The department is composed of six offices, Office of the Secretary, Office of State Library, Office of State Museum, Office of State Parks, Office of Cultural Development, and Office of Tourism.
The Lieutenant Governor is the chief tourism official as commissioner of the department, involving the $18 billion tourism industry, and manages state parks, museums, and historic sites. In 2019 Billy Nungesser won a second term as Louisiana's lieutenant governor."
Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority,"The Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority (MTPA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Tourism and Leisure of Mauritius established in 1996 by the MTPA Act. The task of the MTPA is to promote the country's tourism industry, provide information to tourists on facilities, infrastructures and services, to initiate action to promote cooperation with other tourism agencies, to conduct research into market trends and market opportunities and disseminate such information and other relevant statistical data on Mauritius."
Musement,"Musement is an online platform for activities, tours, museums, shows and art events which launched in March 2014.  a service initially focused in Europe and then progressively expanding to the rest of the world. Musement aggregates third-party activities and tickets for users to book online. Tour suppliers have access to upload and manage various activities through the platform. The company's offers are available via website, iOS and Android. Once a customer books an activity, they receive a digital voucher or e-ticket for the reservation which can be saved on their device or printed. The company has four major competitors in this market, Viator (acquired by TripAdvisor), GetYourGuide, Berlin-based startup, Klook, Hong Kong–based startup, and Peek.com, a U.S.-based startup. The headquarters are located in Milan."
Namibia Tourism Board,"The Namibia Tourism Board (NTB) is mandated by the Namibian Government as the regulatory and marketing body for tourism activities in Namibia, and is headquartered in Windhoek, Namibia.The NTB was established by the Namibia Tourism Board Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000) and is the only legal national tourism authority in Namibia with a government regulatory mandate."
Nepal Tourism Board,"The Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) is the official national tourism organization of Nepal which works towards establishing Nepal as a premier holiday destination to the world. The Board provides platform for vision-drawn leadership for Nepal’s tourism sector by integrating Government commitment with the dynamism of private sector. NTB is promoting Nepal in the domestic and international market and is working toward repositioning the image of the country. It also aims to regulate product development activities. The Board chaired by the Secretary at the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation consists of 11 board members with Five Government representatives, five private sector representatives and the Chief Executive Officer. The CEO of NTB was Dr. Dhananjay Regmi who has been suspended by the Government of Nepal."
Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation,"The Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC) is an agency of the Nigerian state, and specifically the Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and National Orientation, responsible for the overall development of the country's tourism."
North West Parks and Tourism Board,"The North West Parks Board is a governmental organisation responsible for the management of protected areas and public nature reserves in North West Province, South Africa.
The different reserves are scattered throughout the province, each with its unique features. Activities within the reserves are available for educational, recreation and enjoyment of both outdoor adventure enthusiasts and those who want a break away from the crowd.
With the exception of Madikwe Game Reserve, all the reserves are open to day visitors and no prior booking is necessary.
Accommodation range from rustic farm houses, tented camps, caravan and camping sites. In reserves where facilities are not provided, these are different privately owned accommodation either on the periphery of the reserves or in nearby towns."
NYC & Company,"NYC Tourism + Conventions (formerly NYC & Company) is New York City’s official marketing, tourism and partnership organization. The not-for-profit quasi-agency's mission is to maximize opportunities for travel and tourism in New York City, build economic prosperity and spread the dynamic image of New York City around the world."
Orbis (Polish travel agency),"Orbis is the oldest travel agency in Poland, founded in 1920 in Lwów (now: Lviv, Ukraine). Currently, it is the largest hotel group in Poland and Central Europe, and parent company of Orbis S.A. Capital Group, which has nine subsidiaries. Its name comes from a Latin language word Orbis, which means world."
Pacific Tourism Organisation,"The Pacific Tourism Organisation (SPTO) formerly known as the South Pacific Tourism Organisation is an intergovernmental organisation for the tourism sector in the South Pacific. The SPTO markets, promotes, and develops tourism in the Pacific in overseas markets. The main office is located in Suva, Fiji.Originally, the organisation was funded by the European Union as a form of development aid. However, EU funding expired in 2004 and was not renewed. From that point onwards, the SPTO was forced to find other sources of income, which resulted in China becoming a member of the SPTO."
Pakistan Tourism Development Corp,"Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation or PTDC (Urdu: ادارہ برائے فروغِ سیاحت پاکستان) is an organization of the Government of Pakistan. PTDC is governed by the Board of Directors and provides transportation to various areas and owns and runs several motels across the country. It was incorporated on 30 March 1970. Sayed Zulfiqar Abbas Bukhari is serving as the Chairman of the organization.
In 2018, the British Backpacker Society ranked Pakistan as the top country for adventure travel destination. In response to the ranking, the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation introduced a visa on arrival system for tourists visiting Pakistan from 24 countries, with the Managing Director of the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation stating that the ranking was a ""huge honour"" for Pakistan.In 2017, tourism contributed around $19.4 billion to Pakistan's economy, according to World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). Within a decade, WTTC expects it to rise to $36.1 billion."
Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society,"Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze,  PTTK (Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society) is a Polish non-governmental tourist organization with 312 branches across the country.The PTTK is one of the oldest tourist societies in Europe. Its origins stretch back to the foreign Partitions of Poland. In August 1873 a group of tourism enthusiasts including painter and photographer Walery Eljasz Radzikowski from Kraków and physician Tytus Chałubiński founded the Polish cultural Tatra Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Tatrzańskie, originally the ""Galician"" Tatra Society for the Austrian censorship). A parallel Polish Sightseeing Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze) was founded by ethnographer Zygmunt Gloger in 1906.  The two organizations merged after World War II in 1950 to form the PTTK."
Prodetur,"Prodetur is an ecotourism organization, directed and managed by Luis Diaz Martinez, and is headquartered in the village of Perquin in the Morazán Province of El Salvador. Prodetur directs tourist activities in Morazán which ensure the continuity of the Rio Sapo preservation initiative."
Qatar Tourism Authority,"Qatar Tourism (QT) (Arabic: قطر للسياحة/الهيئة العامة للسياحة), a branch of the Government of Qatar, is the apex body responsible for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in Qatar. This ministry is responsible for tourist attractions and accommodations for travelers, including all tourism related products and services, to expand and diversify of Qatar's tourism industry, as well as building up the role of tourism in the GDP of the country and its future growth and social development.QT’s work is guided by the Qatar National Tourism Sector Strategy 2030 (QNTSS), published in February 2014, to set out a plan for the industry’s future development."
Ras Al Khaimah Tourism Development Authority,"The Ras Al Khaimah Tourism Development Authority (RAKTDA) was established in May 2011 under the Government of Ras Al Khaimah. Its purpose is to develop and promote the emirate's tourism offering and infrastructure, both domestically and abroad.

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Reisebüro der DDR,"The Reisebüro der DDR (""Travel Bureau of the GDR"") was the state travel organization of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The Reisebüro had several travel-related functions, including:

Arranging domestic travel for GDR citizens. The Reisebüro (Travel Agency), among other things, controlled hotels located throughout the GDR.
Arranging travel for GDR citizens in other socialist countries, i.e., the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Cuba.
Arranging travel for foreigners visiting the GDR.  These services included booking hotel rooms and providing confirmation documents used to justify the issuance of a GDR visa upon arrival in the GDR.  The Reisebüro had agreements with travel agencies in other countries; travelers would book trips with a participating travel agency in their home country, which would then coordinate with the Reisebüro to reserve hotel rooms, etc."
Samoa Tourism Authority,The Samoa Tourism Authority (STA) is a state-owned enterprise responsible for the marketing of Samoa as a holiday destination and the sustainable development of new and existing tourism products in the country.
Scandinavian Tourist Board,"The Scandinavian Tourist Board (STB) is a joint initiative by the national tourist boards of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. STB is responsible for promoting Scandinavia and Scandinavian tourism products in Asia-Pacific with particular emphasis on the major markets of Japan and China."
Seoul Convention Bureau,"The Seoul Convention Bureau, or SCB, exists to promote Seoul to the global leisure travel convention and Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions (MICE) industries.
The SCB works in partnership with the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the Seoul Tourism Organization, the Korea Tourism Organization, the Seoul MICE Alliance as well as other related tourism organizations in Seoul. Employing incentive programs to draw major international gatherings to Seoul, SCB promotes a broad spectrum of activities, known as MICE business.The SCB assists meeting and event planners with coordination of event and meetings such as site inspections, bidding proposals, transportation, tourism related activities and provides volunteers as well as financial support."
Seychelles Tourism Board,"The Seychelles Tourism Board (STB), a public/private sector body headed by CEO Mrs. Sherin Francis, with Mrs. Kathleen Mason as Chairperson, oversees most aspects of Seychelles' tourism industry whose Minister is Mr. Didier Dogley. The Seychelles Tourism Board is responsible for the promotion and marketing of the Seychelles islands as the preferred tourist destination.The Seychelles Tourism Board is a statutory body that came into existence on 1 April 2005 when the Seychelles Tourism Board Act, 2005, came into force. The Act brought together all regulatory and monitoring functions of the Department of Tourism within the Ministry of Tourism and Transport, and all promotional and marketing activities of the Seychelles Tourism Marketing Authority.  The Policy Planning and International Co-operation Division was retained under a newly formed Department of Tourism and Transport which fell under the vice-president's office.  The Seychelles Tourism Marketing Authority ceased to exist as legal entity.
However, in 2007 all policy planning and international cooperation functions for tourism in the Department of Tourism and Transport in the vice-president's office and the Seychelles Hospitality and Tourism Training College were transferred to STB.  The SHTTC was then renamed the Seychelles Tourism Academy.  This restructuring brought together all government agencies involved in tourism-related matters under one roof.  The new structure meant the STB could serve and promote the industry more effectively and efficiently.  It also brought better co-ordination and responsiveness with the trade partners to meeting the challenges of the tourism industry.
In 2010 the portfolio for tourism was transferred from the vice-president's to the president's office.  In 2012, a new Ministry of Tourism and Culture was created, however, the functions and roles of Seychelles Tourism Board remained unchanged."
Sindh Tourism Development Corporation,"Sindh Tourism Development Corporation (STDC) (Sindhi: سنڌ ٽوئرزم ڊولپمينٽ ڪارپوريشن) is an organization of the Government of Sindh, Pakistan. STDC is governed by the Board of directors and provides facilities to the national and international tourists. It runs several motels and resorts across the Sindh province. STDC was incorporated on June 5, 1992.The corporation was formed to develop and promote tourism in Sindh, using its geographical assets, its ancient history, its Sufi heritage, its archaeology, its creative and performing arts, and its literature."
Singapore Tourism Board,"The Singapore Tourism Board (STB) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Government of Singapore, tasked to promote the country's tourism industry."
South African Tourism,"South African Tourism (frequently shortened to SA Tourism) is the official national marketing agency of the South African government, with the goal of promoting Tourism in South Africa both locally and globally."
South West Wales Tourism Partnership,"South West Wales Tourism Partnership (SWWTP) was the Regional Tourism Partnership (RTP) serving South West Wales. The Wales Tourist Board, now ""Visit Wales"", and part of the National Assembly for Wales initiated the formation of 4 RTPs across Wales to receive devolved resources and responsibilities for many aspects of tourism marketing and development. The partners in SWWTP are all the local authorities and a broad spread of tourism, hospitality, and leisure industry representatives from across the Region. SWWTP acts as the lead body supporting tourism in South West Wales.
Key elements within the Partnership's aims include: ""…the need to maximise potential and eliminate wasteful competition for the ultimate benefit of the consumer and the trade"" and ""to encourage a greater integration of public and private sector resources by nurturing a distinct regional bias in decision making, reflective of the regional strategy / business plan"". The SWWTP drives forward the SWW Regional Tourism Strategy, 'Open All Year'."
South-East Asian Tourism Organisation,The South-East Asian Tourism Organisation (SEATO) is a working group formed by both government and non-government tourism organizations operating in Southeast Asia. SEATO was formed in late 2009 with the aim of spreading the financial impacts of tourism more widely into the kampongs and villages of the region.
Southeast Tourism Society,"""The Southeast Tourism Society"" (STS), is a non-profit membership organization promoting tourism within the 13 Southeastern member states and the District of Columbia by sharing resources, fostering cooperation, networking, providing continuing education, cooperative marketing, consumer outreach, advice & consultation, governmental affairs and other programs. Southeast Tourism Society works with and for business-to-business and business-to-consumer companies with an interest in travel & tourism as a business. Membership is open to any organization within the travel & tourism industry – attractions, destinations, associations, lodging and a wide range of service providers from printing to marketing, public relations to travel writers. Membership is focused on networking, the opportunity for education, advocacy and more. STS was established in September 1983, and the 12 member states include Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia."
State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance,"State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance (formerly State General Bureau of Tourism; Korean: 국가관광총국) is a North Korean state agency that organizes tourism in North Korea. Foreign tour operators have to work closely with the bureau; its staff accompanies all tours of foreigners.The bureau was founded on 15 May 1986. It was renamed State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance in January 1990. It is based in the Central District of Pyongyang. Its president is Ryo Sung-chol. State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance has been a member of the World Tourism Organization since September 1987 and the Pacific Asia Travel Association since April 1995.By and large, the North Korean tourism industry is overseen by Room 39, the organization in charge of North Korea's slush funds. Room 39 guides the State General Bureau of Tourism, which in turn ""manages the earnings and maintains surveillance over the tourists, ensuring they are contained within specifically designated areas."""
State Tourism Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan,State Tourism Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a governmental body established according to the decree of the president of Azerbaijan on the improvement of public administration in the field of culture and tourism.
Swedish Tourist Association,"The Swedish Tourist Association (Swedish: Svenska Turistföreningen, pronounced [ˈsvɛ̂nːska tʉˈrɪ̂stfœrˌeːnɪŋɛn]; abbreviated STF), founded in 1885, aims at promoting outdoor life and knowledge among the Swedes about their country.The Association maintains a variety of trails, huts and hostels in different parts of Sweden. It became known for the creation of Kungsleden, a 440 kilometer long hiking trail in Lapland, through one of Europe's largest remaining wilderness areas.
The association has approximately 300,000 members, employing about 500 people of which 400 for seasonal work, for instance as landlords for 45 fell huts and 10 larger fell hostels.
Dag Hammarskjöld belongs to the association's most prominent leaders. As Secretary-General of the United Nations the only remaining duties Hammarskjöld kept in Sweden were those associated with his vice-chairmanship of Svenska Turistföreningen and his membership of the Swedish Academy. The farm Backåkra, acquired by Hammarskjöld in 1957, is in accordance to his will maintained by STF. A part of the farm serves as a retreat for the members of the Academy."
Taiwan Strait Tourism Association,The Taiwan Strait Tourism Association (TSTA; traditional Chinese: 台灣海峽兩岸觀光旅遊協會; simplified Chinese: 台湾海峡两岸观光旅游协会; pinyin: Táiwān Hǎixiá Liǎng'àn Guānguāng Lǚyóu Xiéhuì) is a semi-official representative office of the Republic of China in Mainland China handling tourism-related affairs. Its counterpart body in Taiwan by the People's Republic of China is the Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits.
Team San Jose,"Team San Jose (TSJ), also known as Visit San Jose, is a non-profit destination marketing organization and visitors bureau, created to promote tourism in San Jose, California.  Team San Jose was created in 2003 in response to a request for proposal issued by the City of San Jose.Team San Jose is an economic driver in Silicon Valley, evolving into a $20 million company with more than 300 employees."
Thessaloniki Convention & Visitors Bureau,"Thessaloniki Convention & Visitors Bureau—known as TCVB (in Greek: Αστική Εταιρεία Συνεδρίων & Επισκεπτών Θεσσαλονίκης)—was the first such bureau that operated in Greece.  It was founded by the Thessaloniki Hotel Association (THA) in 2000, operated as a non‑profit organization and was active until 2009. The main goal of TCVB was to establish the city of Thessaloniki as an internationally recognized conference city and a popular destination for incentive travel."
Thomas Cook Tourism,"Thomas Cook Tourism (UK) Company Limited, known as Thomas Cook UK, is an Anglo-Chinese package holiday provider which offers 'Flight + Hotel' packages and Hotel only bookings. The company was launched in 2019, when Chinese firm Fosun International purchased the brand from the insolvent Thomas Cook Group, and began trading in September 2020.

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Touring Club Italiano,"The Touring Club Italiano (TCI) (Italian Touring Club or Touring Club of Italy) is the major Italian national tourist organization.
The Touring Club Ciclistico Italiano (TCCI) was founded on 8 November 1894 by a group of bicyclists to promote the values of cycling and travel; its founding president was Luigi Vittorio Bertarelli.  It published its first maps in 1897.  By 1899, it had 16,000 members. With the new century, it promoted tourism in all its forms – including auto tourism – and the appreciation of the natural and urban environments.  Under fascism, starting in 1937, it was forced to Italianize its name to the Consociazione Turistica Italiana.
Through the years, it has produced a wide variety of maps, guidebooks, and more specialized studies, and is known for its high standard of cartography.  Its detailed road maps of Italy are published at 1:200,000, one per region."
Tourism Association of Koh Samui,"The Tourism Association of Koh Samui is a tourism organisation on Ko Samui, Thailand.  Founded in 1987, it is a non-profit organisation composed of over 50 members including travel professionals, restaurants, hotels and resorts, and retail businesses.  Its purpose is promoting Ko Samui as a travel destination and in advocacy on behalf of tourism interests in the region."
Tourism Authority of Thailand,"The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) (Thai: การท่องเที่ยวแห่งประเทศไทย) is an organization of Thailand under the Ministry of Tourism and Sports. Its mandate is to promote Thailand's tourism industry, and protect the environment."
Tourism British Columbia,"Tourism BC was a government-owned Crown Corporation of the province of British Columbia, Canada. Established as a crown corporation in 1997, its mandate was to promote tourism in the province. It was merged with the now-defunct Ministry of Tourism, Culture and the Arts on April 1, 2010. Today, Tourism BC is a department of the provincial Ministry of Jobs, Tourism and Innovation."
Tourism Bureau,"The Tourism Bureau, MOTC (traditional Chinese: 交通部觀光局; simplified Chinese: 交通部观光局; pinyin: Jiāotōngbù Guānguāng Jú; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kau-thong-pō͘ Koan-kong-kio̍k) is the government agency under the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of Taiwan (Republic of China) responsible for the administration of domestic and international tourism policy making, execution and development in Taiwan."
Tourism Corporation of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,"Tourism Corporation Khyber Pakhtunkhwa set up as a limited company in 1991 to develop Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's tourism potential.
It offers a variety of services in key tourist sites in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, as well as visits to attend the Shandur Polo Festival as well as to famous Buddhist monasteries like Takht-i-Bhai and Peshawar's old city historical sites like Sethi Mohallah."
Rivers State Tourism Development Agency,"The Rivers State Tourism Development Agency (abbreviated : RSTDA) is an agency of the Government of Rivers State in Nigeria.  It is responsible for promoting and improving sustainable tourism activities and attractions in the state. Established in January 2012, the agency's mission is to initiate partnerships with local and international tourism, cultural and development agencies with a view to maximize the tourism potentials in Rivers State and meet best global practices.The RSTDA has its headquarters in D-line, Port Harcourt. The current Director-General is Mr Yibo Koko."
Tourism Fiji,"Tourism Fiji is a Fijian government marketing agency responsible for promoting Fiji as a tourism destination abroad. Formerly known as the Fiji Visitors Bureau, the agency was established under the Tourism Fiji Act 2004 and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce, Trade, Tourism and Transport.The agency's head office which is located in Nadi, also maintains a presence overseas to target markets mainly in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Asia and continental Europe."
Tourism Ireland,"Tourism Ireland (Irish: Turasóireacht Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Tourism Airlan or Reengin Airlann) is the marketing body responsible for marketing the island of Ireland overseas. Tourism Ireland was established as one of ""six areas of co-operation"" under the framework of the 1998 Belfast Agreement and became operational in January 2002.Tourism Ireland operates under the auspices of the North/South Ministerial Council through the Department for the Economy in Northern Ireland and the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media in the Republic of Ireland.
Tourism Ireland’s Board of Directors is appointed by the North South Ministerial Council and represents tourism industry interests on the island of Ireland. The current Directors' terms expire in December 2021.
Niall Gibbons was appointed as the second Chief Executive of the organisation, replacing the founding CEO Paul O'Toole, in June 2009. The remaining members of the senior management are Siobhan McManamy who is Director of Markets, Mark Henry who is Central Marketing Director, and Shane Clarke who is Director of Corporate Services.Tourism Ireland's headquarters are located in Dublin and Coleraine, and also has 15 offices across Europe, North America, the Middle East, China and Australia, as well as having representatives in India and New Zealand. The island of Ireland (which includes both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) received a record 11.3 million visitors during 2019. Approximately 40% of visitors come from Great Britain, 18% from North America and 35% from Mainland Europe."
Tourism Malaysia,"Tourism Malaysia or Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (MTPB) is an agency under the Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia.
Tourism Malaysia, formerly known as the ""Tourist Development Corporation of Malaysia (TDC)"", was established on 10 August 1972. It was then under the former Ministry of Trade and Industry."
Tourism New Zealand,"Tourism New Zealand is the marketing agency responsible for promoting New Zealand as a tourism destination internationally. It is the trading name of the New Zealand Tourism Board, a Crown entity established under the New Zealand Tourism Board Act 1991. The  Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; (previously the New Zealand Ministry of Tourism) is the government department tasked with tourism policy and research.
In undertaking this promotion, it has a stated objective to contribute to New Zealand's well-being across four pillars: the Economy, Nature, Culture, and Society."
Tourism Northern Ireland,"Tourism Northern Ireland, also known as Tourism NI, is a non-departmental public body of the Department for the Economy. Its primary objective is to promote Northern Ireland as a tourist destination to domestic tourists, from within Northern Ireland, and to visitors from the Republic of Ireland.
It provides a service to the public for information on tourist destinations within Northern Ireland, public transport, accommodation, and the various tourist attractions throughout Northern Ireland.
It was established in 1948 as part of the Development of Tourist Traffic Act (NI), and its remit was affirmed by the Tourism (NI) Order 1992. In 2015, its name was changed from the Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) (Irish: Bord Turasóireachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann Reengin Boord) to Tourism Northern Ireland as part of the wider review of the public body. As of 31 March 2018, Tourism NI employed 143 people.Tourism Northern Ireland operates in close cooperation with equivalent agencies in the rest of the United Kingdom and Fáilte Ireland in the Republic of Ireland. The cross-border body Tourism Ireland (formed in 1999) is responsible for attracting overseas tourists to the island of Ireland."
Tourism Partnership North Wales,"Tourism Partnership North Wales (TPNW) was the Regional Tourism Partnership (RTP) serving North Wales. Visit Wales, and part of the National Assembly for Wales initiated the formation of 4 RTPs across Wales to receive devolved resources and responsibilities for many aspects of tourism, marketing and development."
Tourist Association of Ukraine,"The Tourist Association of Ukraine (TAU) —- is a Ukrainian public organization of tourism.The organization was established in April 1998 in Kyiv under the Laws of Ukraine «About Tourism» and «About public associations». The organization is a professional association of tourism enterprises of Ukraine.
TAU brings together leading representatives of tourist industry of Ukraine and actively developing domestic tourism market.
March 2, 2001 noting a significant contribution to the development of the association and for promoting the domestic tourism industry to encourage the development of tourism in Ukraine, support domestic business tourism, create modern tourism industry, and given the international practice involving civic organizations to participate in the development of the tourism industry, Activities Association approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine №127/2001."
Tourist Organisation of Belgrade,"The Tourist Organization of Belgrade (TOB) is a public service of the Belgrade City Assembly established with the objective to present, develop and promote tourist values of Belgrade, the Serbian capital city. 
In 1995, TOB assumed the legal continuity of the Tourist Federation of Belgrade (Serbian: Turistički savez Beograda), which was founded in 1953."
Turespaña,"The Instituto de Turismo de España – Turespaña (Tourism Institute of Spain), is the official agency of the Government of Spain responsible for the marketing of the country as a tourist destination throughout the world. It depends on the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism through the Secretary of State for Tourism."
United States Travel and Tourism Administration,"The United States Travel and Tourism Administration (USTTA) operated the country's official travel and tourism offices worldwide. It was established in 1981 by the National Tourism Policy Act, succeeding the United States Travel Service in its role of promoting travel to the United States. The U.S. Travel Service was created by the United States Secretary of Commerce on July 1, 1961, pursuant to the International Travel Act of 1961 (75 Stat. 129; 22 U.S.C. 2121 note) after President John F. Kennedy signed Senate Bill 610 on June 29, 1961.  It was created to address a deficit in tourism in the United States.In 1996, the U.S. government decided that it would no longer need such and closed all offices. Since, there are some Visit USA Committees in countries where many U.S. tourism companies have offices."
Uttar Pradesh Tourism,"Uttar Pradesh Tourism (commonly referred to as Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department or UP Tourism Department) is a state government agency which is responsible for promotion of tourism in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The department is also responsible for drafting and implementation of the tourism policy, including heritage, air service, and eco-tourism policies for Uttar Pradesh."
Vietnam National Administration of Tourism,"The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is the government agency of Vietnam which manages tourist operations and activities throughout the country. It has full control in terms of business development, planning, public relations, personnel training, conducting research, and instructing and inspecting the implementation of policies and other regulations in the tourism sector."
Visit Baltimore,"Visit Baltimore, formerly the Baltimore Area Convention & Visitors Association (BACVA), is a quasi-public organization started in 1980 by then-Baltimore Mayor William Donald Schaefer. The agency is charged with bringing in tourists and conventions into the city of Baltimore, Maryland, but does not manage the actual convention venues, hotels, or museums in the city."
Visit California,"Visit California is a nonprofit organization self-tasked with developing and maintaining marketing programs to further develop tourism in  California. This organization was previously known as the California Travel & Tourism Commission before its reorganization.Funding of the organization is through taxes (known as assessments) on tourism related businesses, such as hotels."
Visit Delaware,"Visit Delaware is the official web portal of Delaware tourism office. Delaware is a mid-Atlantic state in the United States where tourism is the 4th largest industry. The portal provides information about accommodation and sight-seeing in all the cities of Delaware. It operates a number of tourist welcome centres throughout the state, including at airports. Due to the lack of international airports in the state, many of these airport visitor bureaus are located in neighbouring states.

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Visit Florida,"Visit Florida (stylized as VISIT FLORIDA) is Florida's official tourism marketing corporation, serving as Florida's official source for travel planning to visitors across the globe. Visit Florida operates as a nonprofit corporation, it was created as a public/private partnership by the Florida Legislature in 1996."
Visit Philadelphia,"Visit Philadelphia, formally known as the Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing Corporation (GPTMC), is a private, non-profit organization that promotes leisure travel to the five-county Philadelphia metropolitan area (Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties). It was founded in 1996 by the City of Philadelphia, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and The Pew Charitable Trusts. In 1998, House Bill 2858, Act 174 designated VISIT PHILADELPHIA, then GPTMC, to serve as the official Regional Attractions Marketing Agency."
Visit Turks and Caicos Islands,"Visit Turks and Caicos Islands is a tourism organization tasked with promoting tourism in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Tourism is the main driver of the national economy in the Turks and Caicos Islands, accounting for 42.8% of the national GDP in 2013.

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Visit Wales,Visit Wales (Welsh: Croeso Cymru)  is the Welsh Government's tourism organisation. Its aim is to promote Welsh tourism and assist the tourism industry.
VisitBritain,"VisitBritain is the name used by the British Tourist Authority, the tourist board of Great Britain incorporated under the Development of Tourism Act 1969.
Under memoranda of understanding with the Northern Ireland Tourist Board and the offshore islands of Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man, VisitBritain also hosts information on those territories on its website.  However, under the 1969 Act, the remit of the organisation extends only to Great Britain rather than the whole of the United Kingdom.VisitBritain was created in April 2003 to market Britain to the rest of the world and to promote and develop the visitor economy of England. It was formed out of a merger between the British Tourist Authority and the English Tourism Council, and is a non-departmental public body responsible to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.  In April 2009, VisitEngland became more of a stand-alone body from VisitBritain, more on a par with the devolved entities, VisitScotland and VisitWales.
In 2005, it was voted the world's leading Tourist and Convention Bureau in the World Travel Awards.
In the Webby Awards it has been an Official Honoree in the 10th and 12th Webby Awards in the Tourism Category.
In 2008 it was also awarded the Travelmole Best Tourist Board Website award.VisitBritain is a founding partner of ENAT, the European Network for Accessible Tourism, an international organisation based in Europe, set up in 2006 to promote accessible tourism."
VisitDenmark,"VisitDenmark is the Official Tourism Organisation of Denmark.
The organisation is marketing Denmark as a tourist destination abroad, with a view to attracting more holiday visitors and conference delegates, who can generate increased revenue for the tourism industry. The marketing activities are carried out in close cooperation with the tourism industry and other integral players, for example through partnerships.
VisitDenmark is headed by a board, appointed by the Danish Minister of Business and Growth. The budget is 113 mio. kr. (€15 million.) 50/50 co-finansing from partners.VisitDenmark’s headquarters is in Copenhagen. Market offices in Norway, Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, the United States and China."
VisitEngland,"VisitEngland is the official tourist board for England.
Before 1999 it was known as the English Tourist Board and between 1999 and 2009 as the English Tourism Council. In 2003, it merged with the British Tourist Authority to form VisitBritain before relaunching as a separate corporate body in 2009. VisitEngland's stated mission is to ""build England's tourism product, raise Britain’s profile worldwide, increase the volume and value of tourism exports and develop England and Britain’s visitor economy""."
Visitor center,"A visitor center or centre (see American and British English spelling differences), visitor information center, tourist information center, is a physical location that provides tourist information to visitors."
VisitScotland,"VisitScotland, formerly the Scottish Tourist Board (Scottish Gaelic: Bòrd Turasachd na h-Alba), is a national tourism organisation for Scotland. It is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government, with offices in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Inverness, and other parts of Scotland.Among the organisation's tasks is the attraction of visitors to Scotland through advertising and promotional campaigns. VisitScotland also manages a number of quality grading schemes for tourist accommodation and attractions. The organisation also operates the VisitScotland.com website which provides bookings and information service for visitors to Scotland. From 2001 this website was operated as a public-private partnership venture, though this venture (and the website) was brought back into public ownership in 2008.

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Welcome to Yorkshire,"Welcome to Yorkshire (WTY) is the official tourism agency for the traditional county of Yorkshire, the UK's largest county, promoting Yorkshire tourism both nationally and internationally. It was formerly known as the Yorkshire Tourist Board until 2009, but underwent a rebranding: a new Welcome to Yorkshire brand, a new website, the launching of various new marketing campaigns and a move to the present site in Leeds, West Yorkshire. The stated aim of the organisation is: 'to grow the county's visitor economy'. The Chief Executive from 2008 until his resignation in March 2019 was Sir Gary Verity.  The current Chief Executive, James Mason, was appointed in 2019 having previously worked as chief operating officer of Bradford City Football Club and a journalist for the BBC.James Mason left Welcome to Yorkshire Ltd in 2021 following an investigation, and on 1 March 2022, the business entered administration, before having its assets – including the Welcome to Yorkshire name and trademarks, sold to be run by another organization in future. The business was carrying significant debts at the time of its demise, largely to a local pension fund."
World Tourism Organization,"The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which promotes responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. It is headquartered in Madrid, Spain.
UNWTO promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability. It provides leadership and support in advancing knowledge and tourism policies and serves as a global forum for tourism policy and a source of tourism research and knowledge. It encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism e Development, Competitiveness, Innovation & Digital Transformation, Ethics, Culture & Social Responsibility, Technical Cooperation, UNWTO Academy, and Statistics.The official languages of UNWTO are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism stood at an all-time high: 1 out of 10 jobs worldwide depended on tourism and international tourist arrivals reached 1.5 billion in 2019. Against a backdrop of heightened uncertainty, UNWTO conveyed the Global Tourism Crisis Committee to guide the tourism sector as it faced up to the COVID-19 challenge."
World Travel Monitor,The World Travel Monitor (WTM) / European Travel Monitor (ETM) is a worldwide tourism information system detailing the foreign (outbound) travel behaviour practiced by a country’s respective resident population.
Zimbabwe Tourism Authority,"The Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, is Zimbabwe's tourism's governing body formed as an act of parliament and operates under the mandate of the Tourism Act of Zimbabwe (Chapter 14:20) of 1996. It has its headquarters in the main business district of the capital city of Zimbabwe, Harare. The Zimbabwe Tourism Authority is mandated to market Zimbabwe and falls under the Ministry Of Tourism.The Authority is headed by its Chief Executive Winnetka Muchanyuka."
National Coastline Agency (Albania),"The National Coastline Agency (AKB) (Albanian: Agjencia Kombëtare e Bregdetit) is an institution of the Albanian Government responsible for monitoring the implementation of policies and regulations that promote sustainable tourism developments along the coastal region of the country. 
The Agency is organized at central level by the General Directorate and has four regional branches. Its main objective is to create a system of rules and standards which enable the proper administration of public spaces along the beaches and rural areas of the coast."
National Tourism Agency (Albania),"The National Tourism Agency (AKT) (Albanian: Agjencia Kombëtare e Turizmit) is a government agency under the supervision of the Albanian Ministry of Tourism and Environment. The main task of the agency is to promote Albania as a tourist destination in the Mediterranean Basin, Europe and around the world. AKT organizes and manages the country's participation in international tourist fairs and provides on-line promotional offers to various international tour operators."
Ballarat Regional Tourism,"Ballarat Regional Tourism (trading as Visit Ballarat) is the separate, relatively autonomous tourism arm of the City of Ballarat. The board was created on January 27, 2011, to enable the local tourism sector to take ownership of destination promotion of Greater Ballarat.The new organisation commenced operations on February 1, 2011, which is when it took over key tourism management responsibilities formerly handled by the Ballarat City Council. Responsibilities of the new tourism arm include promotion of Ballarat and surrounding areas as a tourist destination; providing visitor information through the Visitor Information Centre, and developing and attracting tourism and business events.
During its first year, the organisation was managed by a private sector board with the city council retaining ownership. On March 14, 2012, the city council voted to transfer Ballarat Regional Tourism's ownership to the private sector. The council will still continue to fund the board contingent on it meeting key performance indicators.Ballarat's tourism industry generates $357 million annually in international and domestic spend, attracts 2.4 million visitors, and accounts for more than 2,200 local jobs."
Department of Tourism (Australia),The Department of Tourism was an Australian government department that existed between December 1991 and March 1996.
Destination NSW,"Destination NSW is a New South Wales state government executive agency established in 2011 to support growth of tourism and events in New South Wales, Australia. The agency falls within the Enterprise, Investment and Trade cluster of New South Wales government agencies.
Destination NSW run two consumer-facing websites, sydney.com and VisitNSW to promote travel to Sydney and NSW both internationally and domestically."
Queensland Government Tourist Bureau,"The Queensland Government Tourist Bureau was a department of the Queensland Government in Australia, responsible for promoting tourism in Queensland and acting as a booking agent for Queensland tourist businesses. It was also known as Queensland Government Intelligence and Tourist Bureau."
South Australian Tourism Commission,"The South Australian Tourism Commission (SATC), also known as the SA Tourism Commission, is  an organisation set up by the Government of South Australia to promote tourism in South Australia.
The legislation to establish the SATC was introduced by the Hon Mike Rann, Minister for Tourism. The South Australian Tourism Commission Act 1993 was gazetted on 27 May 1993 with the agency commencing operation of 1 July 1993."
Sustainable Tourism CRC,"Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC), headquartered in Gold Coast, Queensland, was an Australian Cooperative Research Centre established by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centers Program to establish a competitive and dynamic sustainable tourism industry in Australia. It ceased to operate on 30 June 2010.STCRC is a not-for-profit company owned by its industry, government and university partners. STCRC stands as the world’s largest travel and tourism research center."
Tourism and Events Queensland,"Tourism and Events Queensland (TEQ) is the Queensland Government's lead marketing, experience development and major events agency, representing the state's tourism and events industries.
TEQ operates on a national and international level, looking at new and innovative ways to make the most out of emerging opportunities which benefit Queensland's tourism industry and economy."
Tourism Australia,"Tourism Australia is the Australian Government agency responsible for promoting Australian locations as business and leisure travel destinations. The agency is a corporate portfolio agency of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and employs 198 staff (including 80 staff at overseas offices).  It works closely with the Australian Trade and Investment Commission, the Australian Government's tourism policy and program agency, and State and Territory tourism marketing organisations.
Tourism Australia's objectives are to influence and encourage international and domestic travel to Australia, foster a sustainable tourism industry, and develop economic benefits to Australia from tourism. The agency contributes to the implementation of the THRIVE 2030 national Strategy (The Re-Imagined Visitor Economy) issued in March 2022 which aims to return international and domestic spend in the visitor economy to pre-pandemic levels of $166 billion by 2024 and grow it to $230 billion by 2030. The agency is active in 15 markets, including Australia, where it aims to grow demand for the nation's tourism experiences through international and domestic promotions, advocacy and representation. The latest international campaign uses Ruby the Roo to attract visitors in the ""Come and Say G'day"" campaign."
Tourism Industry Council of Tasmania,"Tourism Industry Council Tasmania (also known as TICT) is an organisation based in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
It is the peak industry body for tourism in Tasmania, and issues related to the industry.It also seeks to influence government in issues relative to strategy for the Tourism industry in Tasmania, either in partnership or advocacy with Tourism Tasmania"
Tourism Tasmania,"Tourism Tasmania is the authority of the Government of Tasmania for dealing with tourism.
It has been a department name. In a number of governments, the Tasmanian Premier has also been Minister for Tourism.It is regularly partners with the Tourism Industry Council of Tasmania in issues related to policies and plans."
Tourism Western Australia,"Tourism Western Australia is the statutory authority responsible for promoting Western Australia as a tourist destination.
Its earlier predecessors included The Department of Tourism and the Tourism Commission."
Voyages Indigenous Tourism Australia,"Voyages Indigenous Tourism Australia Pty Limited, commonly called Voyages, is a subsidiary business of the Indigenous Land Corporation. Voyages manages tourism and resort facilities in the Northern Territory, in Western Australia and in Queensland, Australia.In the Northern Territory, Voyages operates five venues at Ayers Rock (Uluru) Resort including Sails in the Desert, Desert Gardens Hotel, Emu Walk Apartments, the Outback Pioneer Hotel and Lodge, and the Ayers Rock Campground. In Western Australia, Voyages manages Home Valley Station in the East Kimberley region. In Queensland, Voyages manages the Mossman Gorge Centre in Mossman, Far North Queensland."
Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation,"The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (APTDC) is a state government agency which promotes tourism in Andhra Pradesh, India.
The department offers tour packages of Heritage, Nature, Adventure, Health and Rural tourism representing rich historical and natural background of Andhra Pradesh state. The tours covering 8 centers of Andhra Pradesh. The department maintains resorts at popular tourism destinations such as Tirupati, Horseley hills, Araku valley, Vizag and Srisailam.  A wide range of vehicles including 63 hi-tech coaches, 29 Volvo coaches, 8 air-conditioned hi-tech coaches, 4 semi-sleepers, 11 mini vehicles, 1 vintage coach and 10 Qualis are being used.

APTDC is also promoting leisure tourism in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It has identified a number of potential tourism developments. In 2006, it opened an office to serve the Tamil Nadu market."
Assam Tourism Development Corporation,"Assam Tourism Development Corporation or ATDC (Assamese: অসম পৰ্যটন উন্নয়ন নিগম) is a state owned corporation of Assam, India. It deals with tourism services and development as a part of the Assam Tourism Department along with the Directorate of Tourism. The State Govt. of Assam set up the corporation on 9 June 1988. The ATDC is headquartered at Guwahati (26.1780427°N 91.7495255°E / 26.1780427; 91.7495255) and has district offices across Assam. Its official slogan is ""Awesome Assam."""
Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation,"Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (Hindi: बिहार राज्य पर्यटन विकास निगम), (abbreviated as BSTDC), is a body of the Government of Bihar responsible for the development of tourism in the Indian state of Bihar. It was established in 1980 to develop tourism in the state. The BSTDC is head-quartered at Patna and has offices across all the districts of Bihar. The agency also operates hotels, resorts, and tourist rest houses in key locations in the state. The corporation provides travellers with information about Bihar to promote travel to and in the country. It operates Tourist Information Centres as well as a website. The BSTDC disseminates information about transportation, lodging, food and beverage, and sight-seeing."
Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation,"Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation (DTTDC) is an undertaking of the Government of Delhi, India, that was established in December 1975 for the purpose of promoting tourism and related services in the city of Delhi. It has an authorised share capital of Rs. 10.00 crores and a paid up capital of Rs. 6.28 crores. It is involved in several other activities, some of which do not fall under the core activity of promotion of tourism, such as the selling of liquor. This particular activity, however, provides the corporation with revenue that can be utilised in tourism or other related development activities for the National Capital Region of Delhi. The Corporation has Delhi Based firm M/s Rawla & Co. Chartered Accountants as its Statutory Auditors

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Gujarat Tourism,"The Tourism Corporation of Gujarat, operating under the brand of Gujarat Tourism, is a government undertaking formed in 1978 to promote tourism in the Indian state of Gujarat and guide tourists visiting Gujarat."
Haryana Tourism Corporation,"Haryana Tourism Corporation (HTC) was constituted as a Public Limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956 on 1 May 1974. As an agent of the Government of Haryana, Haryana Tourism Corporation runs and maintains 44 Tourist Complexes spread across the state of Haryana. These Tourist Complexes offer visitors lodging, dining, recreational activities, Restaurant, Bars, Liquor Vends, Tourist taxis, Petrol Pumps, Swimming Pool, Health Club, Golf Club, Lakes, boating, etc.
Haryana Tourism also organises and hosts Surajkund International Crafts Mela which is held in Faridabad 20 km away from Delhi every year in the first fortnight of February."
Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Development Corporation,Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Development Corporation Limited (JKTDC) is company owned by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir which is entrusted with managing  government hotels and catering establishments. It was set up in 1970 and now has accommodation capacity of 2200 beds per day . The Corporation runs 37 restaurants across the state.
Kerala Tourism Development Corporation,"The Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) is a public sector undertaking that conducts and regulates the tourism activities in the Indian state of Kerala. The KTDC is headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram and has offices across all the districts of Kerala. The agency also operates hotels, resorts, and tourist rest houses in key locations in the state. Its official slogan is ""Official host to God's own country."" It is one of the most profitable ventures of the Kerala government."
Madhya Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation,"The Madhya Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation (MPSTDC) is a government agency that conducts and regulates the tourism activities of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. MPSTDC established in 1978.The MPSTDC is headquartered at Bhopal and has offices across all the districts of Madhya Pradesh. The agency also operates homestays, hotels, resorts, and tourist rest houses in different key locations within the state. The department has the official slogan The Heart of Incredible India."
Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation,"Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation commonly abbreviated as MTDC, is a body of the Government of Maharashtra responsible for development of tourism in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has been established under the Companies Act, 1956, (fully owned by Govt. of Maharashtra) for systematic development of tourism on commercial lines, with an authorized share capital of Rs. 25 crore. The paid up share capital of the corporation as on 31 March 2013 is Rs. 1538.88 lakhs.Since inception, it been involved in the development and maintenance of the various tourist locations of Maharashtra. MTDC owns and maintains resorts at all key tourist centers and having more resorts is on the plan.
MTDC initiates and supports various cultural activities across Maharashtra with the objective to improve tourism in the state.  One such example is Sanskruti Arts Festival, Upvan, Thane which MTDC has supported along with TMC (Thane Municipal Corporation)"
Odisha Tourism Development Corporation,The Odisha Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) is a Government of Odisha undertaking corporation in the Indian state of Odisha. It was incorporated in the year 1979 to promote tourism in the state and operate some of the existing tourist bungalows and transport fleets in commercial line. OTDC's Tourist Bungalows are called as Panthanivas.
Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation,"Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation (RTDC) is an agency of the Government of Rajasthan set up on 1st April 1979 to develop tourism in the Indian state. It manages many restaurants, cafeterias, hotels and bars. The Corporation also organizes package tours, fairs, festivals, entertainment, shopping and transport services. In collaboration with Indian Railways it runs the luxury tourist train Palace on Wheels. RTDC has hotels/motels at all major tourist places in Rajasthan."
Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation,"Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation is a state-government Public Sector Undertaking of the Government of Tamil Nadu located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.  Tamil Nadu has been entrusted with the promotion of tourism and development of tourist related infrastructure. In July 1971, Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation was initiated by M. Karunanidhi, then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu."
Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation,"The Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation (TSTDC) is a state government agency which promotes tourism in Telangana, India."
West Bengal Tourism Development Corporation,"The West Bengal Tourism Development Corporation Limited (WBTDCL) is a state government agency which promotes tourism in West Bengal under Department of Tourism (West Bengal), India. It was incorporated on 29 April 1974 under the Companies Act, 1956."
Tourism minister,"The Minister of Tourism is the head of the governmental department that specializes in tourism, recreation and/or culture.
The position exists in many different countries under several names:

Ministry of Tourism and Environment (Albania)
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Argentina)
Minister for Tourism (Australia)
Minister for Tourism, Major Events, Hospitality and Racing (New South Wales)
Minister for Tourism (Western Australia)
Ministry of Tourism (Brazil)
Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism (Brunei)
Bahamas Ministry of Tourism
Minister of Tourism (Canada)
Ministry of Tourism and Recreation (Ontario) (former ministry)
Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Ontario)
Ministry of Tourism (Croatia)
Minister of Tourism (France)
Minister of Tourism (Greece)
Commissioner for Tourism (Hong Kong)
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Iceland)
Ministry of Tourism (India)
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Indonesia)
Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism (Iran)
Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (Ireland)
Ministry of Tourism (Lebanon)
Minister of Tourism (Malaysia)
Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar)
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan)
Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Tourism (Peru)
Department of Tourism (Philippines)
Tourism Minister of Israel
Ministry of Tourism (Mauritius)
Minister of Tourism (New Zealand)
Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan)
Department of Tourism (South Africa)
Ministry of Tourism (Syria)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (Tanzania)
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand)
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)
Minister for Tourism and Heritage (United Kingdom)
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism (United Kingdom)
United States Department of Commerce
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)
Ministry of Tourism and Arts (Zambia)
Ministry of Tourism (Zimbabwe)"
Ministry of Tourism and Environment (Albania),"The Ministry of Tourism and Environment (Albanian: Ministria e Turizmit dhe Mjedisit) is a department of the Albanian Government in charge of regulation concerning the environment, the sustainable use of natural resources, promotion of renewable resources, protection of nature and biodiversity, sustainable development and management of forestry and pastures, and the quality monitoring of water resources."
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Argentina),"The Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Spanish: Ministerio de Turismo y Deportes; MTyD) of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power that oversees and advises on Argentina's national tourism industry and the Argentine state's sports policy.
The current minister responsible is Matías Lammens, who has served since 10 December 2019 in the cabinet of President Alberto Fernández."
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia),"The Minister for Foreign Affairs (commonly shortened to Foreign Minister) is the minister in the Government of Australia who is responsible for overseeing the international diplomacy section of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Senator Penny Wong was appointed as Foreign Minister in the ministry led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in May 2022 following the 2022 Australian federal election. As the first female foreign minister from the Australian Labor Party, Wong also became the third female foreign minister in a row, following Julie Bishop and Marise Payne. The Foreign Minister is one of two cabinet-level portfolio ministers under the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the other being the Minister for Trade and Tourism Senator Don Farrell.
Several subordinate positions include the Minister for International Development and the Pacific, currently held by Pat Conroy, and the Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs, currently held by Tim Watts."
"Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism","In Austrian politics, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism (German: Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus or BMLRT, although often called Nachhaltigkeitsministerium)
is the ministry in charge of agricultural policy, forestry, hunting, fishing, viticulture and wine law, postal and telecommunications services, mining, animal welfare, and the tourism industry.
The Ministry was first created in 2000 through a merger of the Ministry of Agriculture (Landwirtschaftsministerium) and the Ministry of Environment (Umweltministerium); it gained responsibility for the energy sector, mining, and tourism under the first Kurz cabinet in 2018.The current Minister of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism is Elisabeth Köstinger.

"
Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan),The Ministry of Culture of Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Mədəniyyət Nazirliyi) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulation of the activities and promotion of Azerbaijani culture. The ministry is headed by Anar Karimov.
Bahamas Ministry of Tourism and Aviation,"The Bahamas Ministry of Tourism, Investment and Aviation is a government agency of The Bahamas. Its head office is at the Bolam House in Nassau. The agency has other offices in New Providence."
Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism,"The Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism (Bengali: বেসামরিক বিমান পরিবহন ও পর্যটন মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Bēsāmarika bimāna paribahana ō paryaṭana mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for development and regulation of civil aviation and the regulation of the Bangladeshi tourism industry and the promotion of the Bangladesh as a tourist destination."
Ministry of Tourism (Brazil),"The Ministry of Tourism (Portuguese: Ministério do Turismo) is a cabinet-level federal ministry created on January 1, 2003. It is responsible for Embratur, the Brazilian Tourist Board.
Developing tourism as a sustainable economic activity with a relevant role for the generation of jobs and foreign currency and providing social inclusion. The Ministry of Tourism is innovating in the handling of public policies with a decentralized management model, guided by strategic thinking.
Its organizational structure comprises the National Secretariat of Tourism Policies, which assumes the role of carrying out the national policy for the sector, oriented by the directives from the national Council of Tourism. In addition, it is responsible for the internal promotion and oversees the quality of the provision of the Brazilian tourism service.
The National Secretariat of Programs for the Development of Tourism is responsible for subsidizing the formulation of plans, programs and actions for the strengthening of national tourism. The duties of the body are the promotion and development of infrastructure and the improvement in the quality of the services rendered.
EMBRATUR – Brazilian Tourism Institute, established on November 18, 1966, as a Brazilian tourism enterprise, had the objective of fostering tourism activity by making feasible conditions for the generation of jobs, income and development throughout the country.
Since January 2003, upon the establishment of the Ministry of Tourism, EMBRATUR's actions were concentrated in the promotion, marketing and support to the trading of products, services and tourism destinations."
Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism,"The Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism (MPRT; Malay: Kementerian Sumber-Sumber Utama dan Pelancongan, KSSUP) is a cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which oversees agriculture, fishing, forestry and tourism in the country. It is currently led by a minister and the incumbent is Abdul Manaf Metussin, who took office since 7 June 2022. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan."
Ministry of Tourism (Cambodia),The Ministry of Tourism (Khmer: ក្រសួងទេសចរណ៍; Krasuong Tesachar) is a government ministry of Cambodia.The current Minister of Tourism is Dr. Thong Khon.
"Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism (Chile)","The Ministry for the Economy, Development, and Tourism (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo de Chile) is a Chilean state ministry in charge of planning and executing the flow of policies and projects of the Chilean government. The ministry aims to generate feasible and sustainable economic development, with stable progressive equality in the allocation of economic interests. The current Minister of Economy, Development, and Tourism is Nicolás Grau."
Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China,"The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Chinese: 中华人民共和国文化和旅游部; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Wénhuà hé lǚyóubù) is a ministry responsible for formulating cultural and tourism policies of Mainland China. Its headquarters are in Chaoyang District, Beijing. It was formed on 19 March 2018; its predecessors were the Ministry of Culture and China National Tourism Administration."
"Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (Colombia)","The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (Spanish: Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo) or MCIT, is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia concerned with promoting economic growth though trade, tourism and industrial growth."
Ministry of State Property (Croatia),The Ministry of State Property of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Ministarstvo državne imovine Republike Hrvatske) was the ministry in the government of Croatia responsible for state property management.
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Croatia),The Ministry of Tourism and Sports of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Ministarstvo turizma i sporta) is the ministry in the Government of Croatia which is in charge of the development of tourism.
"Department for Culture, Media and Sport","The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is a department of His Majesty's Government, with responsibility for culture and sport in England, and some aspects of the media throughout the UK, such as broadcasting.
It also has responsibility for the tourism, leisure and creative industries (some joint with Department for Business and Trade). The department was also responsible for the delivery of the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. The department also had responsibility for the building of a digital economy and the internet from 2017 to 2023.
From 2017 until the 2023 British cabinet reshuffle, the department was known as Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport."
Department of Tourism and Leisure,The Department of Tourism and Leisure (Manx: Rheynn Turrysid as Soccar) was a department of the Isle of Man Government.
"Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry (East Timor)","The Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry (MTCI; Portuguese: Ministério do Turismo, Comércio e Indústria, Tetum: Ministériu Turizmu, Komérsiu no Indústria) is the government department of East Timor accountable for tourism, trade, industry and related matters."
Ministry of Tourism (Egypt),"The Ministry of Tourism of Egypt was a part of the Cabinet of Egypt and was responsible for tourism in Egypt. On 14 January 2018, Rania Al-Mashat was appointed Minister of Tourism until December 2019. The Ministry of Tourism then merged with the Ministry of Antiquities with The Minister of Antiquities, Khaled al-Anani becoming the minister of the merged ministry: Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. 
The actual minister of Tourism and Antiquities is Ahmed Issa, from 13 August 2022."
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Egypt),The Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities is the Egyptian government organization which serves to protect and preserve the heritage and ancient history of Egypt. In December 2019 it was merged into the Ministry of Tourism with Khaled al-Anani retaining his function.
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Ethiopia),"The Ethiopian Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Amharic: የባህልና ቱሪዝም ሚኒስቴር) is the ministry of the government of Ethiopia responsible for researching, preserving, developing, and promoting the culture and tourist attractions of Ethiopia and its peoples, both inside the country and internationally. In doing so the Ministry closely works together with different national and international stakeholders."
"Ministry of Tourism, Arts & Culture Ghana","The Ministry of Tourism, Arts & Culture (MoTAC) Ghana is the government ministry responsible for the development and promotion of tourism-related activities in the country."
Ministry of Tourism (Greece),"The Ministry of Tourism (Greek: Υπουργείo Τουρισμού) is the government department in charge of tourism in Greece. Established in 1989 and known between 2004 and 2009 as the Ministry of Touristic Development (Υπουργείο Τουριστικής Ανάπτυξης), it was merged with the Ministry of Culture in October 2009 but re-established as a separate department in June 2012. It was subsequently subsumed under the Ministry of the Economy, Infrastructure, Shipping and Tourism between January and September 2015 and the restructured Ministry of the Economy, Development and Tourism in September 2015, before being restored as a distinct ministry on 5 November 2016. The incumbent minister is Vasilis Kikilias of New Democracy."
"Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism (Iceland)","The Icelandic Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism (Icelandic: Iðnaðarráðuneytið) is one of the cabinet-level government ministries responsible for Iceland's economy. It shares that responsibility with the Ministry of Business Affairs (responsible for banking and trade) and the Ministry of Fisheries (fishing making up some 40% of Iceland's exports). Since 2009, the responsible minister is Katrín Júlíusdóttir of the Social Democratic Alliance."
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy,The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Tourism and Creative Economy Agency (Indonesian: Kementerian  Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif/Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif) (abbreviated Kemenparekraf/Baparekraf) is the ministry in Indonesia concerned with administration of tourism and the creative economy.
"Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism","The Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Iran (Persian: وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, Vâzart-e Miras-e Ferhengi-ye, Gârdâshigâri-ye vâ Sânai'-ye Dâsti-ye Iran) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is administered and funded by the Government of Iran. It was first established in 1985 by legislation from the Majlis merging 11 research and cultural organizations.  In 2019, the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) was transferred into the Ministry.  The current Minister is Ezzatollah Zarghami, being appointed 25 August 2021 by Ebrahim Raisi.
It publishes and oversees the publication of many journals and books, and carries out projects in conjunction with foreign museums and academia. It is similar in scope and activity to the Smithsonian Institution."
"Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (Northern Ireland)",
"Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media","The Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (Irish: An Roinn Turasóireachta, Cultúir, Ealaíon, Gaeltachta, Spóirt agus Meán) is a department of the Government of Ireland. The mission of the department is to promote and develop Ireland's tourism, culture, and art; and to advance the use of the Irish language, including the development of the Gaeltacht. It is led by the Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media."
Ministry of Tourism (Israel),"The Ministry of Tourism (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הַתַּיָּרוּת, romanized: Misrad HaTayarut) is the Israeli government office responsible for tourism. The office was created in 1964, with Akiva Govrin being the first minister, but was appended to the Trade and Industry Ministry between 1977 and 1981. The logo for the Ministry depicts the Biblical Spies carrying fruit back from touring the Holy Land."
"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism","The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通省, Kokudo-kōtsū-shō), abbreviated MLIT, is a ministry of the Japanese government. It is responsible for one-third of all the laws and orders in Japan, and is the largest Japanese ministry in terms of employees, as well as the second-largest executive agency of the Japanese government after the Ministry of Defense. The ministry oversees four external agencies including the Japan Coast Guard and the Japan Tourism Agency."
"Ministry of Information, Communications, Transport and Tourism Development","The Ministry of Information, Communications, Transport and Tourism Development (MICTTD) is a government ministry of Kiribati, headquartered in Betio, South Tarawa."
"Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism","The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) is a central government agency responsible for the areas of tourism, culture, art, religion, and sports. It has two vice ministers, three assistant ministers, one commission, and over 60 divisions.  The first Minister of Culture was novelist Lee O-young.Subsidiary entities such as the National Museum, the National Theater, and the National Library are under the Ministry.
The headquarters are located in the Sejong Government Complex in Sejong City. The headquarters were previously in Jongno District, Seoul."
National Tourism Administration (Laos),"The Lao National Tourism Administration (LNTA) is the government agency responsible for managing, promoting, and developing the tourism industry of Laos. The LNTA is a ministry-level agency, reporting directly to the prime minister's office.As of 2008, the chairman of the LNTA was Somphong Mongkhonvilay. LNTA's headquarters is in Vientiane."
Ministry of Tourism (Lebanon),The Ministry of Tourism (Arabic: وزارة السياحة) is a government ministry of Lebanon.  It originates from the Lebanon Tourism Service created in the 1930s as part of the Ministry of National Economy.
"Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture","The Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (Malay: Kementerian Pelancongan, Seni dan Budaya)  is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for tourism, culture, archives, library, museum, heritage, arts, theatre, handicraft, visual arts, convention, exhibitions, Islamic tourism and craft.
The Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture administers his functions through the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture and a range of other government agencies. In the Anwar Ibrahim cabinet, the ministry was renamed to Ministry of Tourism with the removal of arts and culture portfolios from the name.
Its headquarters is in Putrajaya."
Ministry of Tourism (Mauritius),
Secretariat of Tourism (Mexico),"The Mexican Secretary of Tourism (Spanish: Secretaría de Turismo, SECTUR) is the government department in charge of the nation's tourism promotion and development. The Secretary is appointed by the President of the Republic and is  a member of the federal executive cabinet.
The department conducts the development policy for national tourist activity and promotes tourist development zones in conjunction with the states."
"Ministry of Tourism, Air Transport, Craft & Social Economy (Morocco)","The Ministry of Tourism, Handicrafts and Social and Solidarity Economy is the Moroccan ministry in charge of the preparation and implementation national strategies with regards to tourism, the supervision and support of tourism and handicraft professionals, and the development of air transport as an important part of tourism. It also supervises various organizations and institutions specialized in vocational training and qualification in the tourism and hospitality industry."
Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar),The Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Burmese: ဟိုတယ်နှင့် ခရီးသွားလာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန) is a ministry in the Burmese government responsible for the country's tourism sector.
Ministry of Environment and Tourism (Namibia),"The Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism (MEFT) is a government ministry of Namibia, with headquarters in Windhoek. It was created at Namibian independence in 1990 as Ministry of Wildlife, Conservation and Tourism. The first Namibian environment and tourism minister was Niko Bessinger, the current minister is Pohamba Shifeta."
"Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (Nepal)","The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (MoCTCA) is the governmental body for promoting tourism, culture and private sector involvement in Nepal. It also serves as the Nepalese aviation regulatory body. The ministry is located in Singha Durbar, Kathmandu."
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy,"The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Dutch: Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat; EZK) is the Netherlands' ministry responsible for international trade, commercial, industrial, investment, technology, energy, nuclear, renewable energy, environmental, climate change, natural resource, mining, space policy, as well as tourism.
The Ministry was created in 1905 as the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce and has had several name changes before it became the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 1946. In 2010 the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality was merged with the Ministry of Economic Affairs, which was renamed as the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation. In 2012 the name was reverted as the Ministry of Economic Affairs but kept the responsibilities of the former Ministry of Agriculture. In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality was reinstated but the Ministry of Economic Affairs took on several of the environmental policies portfolios from the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, which was renamed Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. The Ministry of Economic Affairs was renamed Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy.
The Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Dutch: Minister van Economische Zaken en Klimaat) is the head of the Ministry and a member of the Cabinet of the Netherlands. The current Minister is Micky Adriaansens of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) who has been in office since 10 January 2022."
Northern Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism,The Northern Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism is the department of the Government of the Northern Cape responsible for economic development and economic planning as well as promoting and developing tourism within the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The MEC of the department is Abraham Vosloo.
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan),The Ministry of Tourism was a ministry of the Government of Pakistan. It was established to develop the tourism industry in Pakistan. It was abolished after the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed. Its main objectives and functions were largely transferred to the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC).
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Palestine),"The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in Palestine is a governmental body responsible for the development and management of the tourism sector in Palestine, as well as the preservation and protection of the country's cultural heritage and antiquities. Rula Maayah is the current minister.Established in 1994, the ministry's main goal is to promote Palestine as a unique and attractive tourism destination, with a focus on cultural and historical tourism. The ministry works towards achieving this goal by developing and implementing policies, strategies, and programs that support the growth of the tourism industry in Palestine, while also ensuring the preservation of the country's cultural heritage sites.The ministry's main activities include the identification, protection, and restoration of historic sites and buildings, as well as the development of cultural and heritage tourism products and services. The ministry also provides support and guidance to local communities and businesses involved in the tourism industry.Additionally, the ministry is responsible for regulating and licensing tour operators, travel agencies, and other tourism-related businesses in Palestine, as well as providing training and educational programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of the tourism workforce."
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (Peru),"The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism of Peru or MINCETUR is the ministry in charge of issues pertaining to foreign trade of the Government of Peru and the promotion of Tourism in Peru. As of 17 July 2023, the minister of foreign trade and tourism is Angelica Graciela Matsuda Matayoshi."
Department of Tourism (Philippines),"The Department of Tourism (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Turismo, DOT) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the regulation of the Philippine tourism industry and the promotion of the Philippines as a tourist destination."
Ministry of Sport and Tourism (Poland),"Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Republic of Poland was created on August 23, 2005 by decision of the Council of Ministers under then-Prime Minister Marek Belka.
It was renamed on July 23, 2007 when tourism was placed under ministry authority.
Ministry goals:

Overseeing sport clubs
Matters related to sport
Matters related to tourismState-controlled Polska Konfederacja Sportu (Polish Sport Union) became integral part of the ministry."
Ministry of Tourism (Quebec),"The Ministry of Tourism (in French: Ministère du Tourisme) is a Ministry of the Government of Quebec responsible for promoting tourism to the province of Quebec.
The current minister is Caroline Proulx."
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration,"The Ministry for Development, Public Works and Administration of Romania (Romanian: Ministerul Dezvoltării, Lucrărilor Publice și Administrației) is an institution of the Romanian central public administration, subordinated to the Government of Romania. The Ministry was created on December 22, 2012 by the restructuring of the former Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism (2009-2010) and by taking over the public administration structures and the institutions specialized in this area from the Ministry of Interior Affairs, under the Emergency Ordinance no.96 of 22 December 2012."
Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism,"The Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a government ministry of Rivers State, Nigeria entrusted with the formulation and implementation of policies to promote culture and tourism with a view to stimulating economic growth in the state. The ministry's mandate is to ""Put in place programmes and events that attract international, national and local tourists."""
Ministry of Tourism (Saudi Arabia),"The Ministry of Tourism (MoT; Arabic: وزارة السياحة, romanized: Wizārah al-Sīāḥah), before 2020 as the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH), till 2015 as the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities (SCTA) and prior to 2008 as the Supreme Commission for Tourism (SCT), is a government ministry in Saudi Arabia that is concerned with the tourism sector of the country. Established in the year 2000 through a royal decree by King Fahd, it was transformed into a ministry in 2020."
Saudi Tourism Authority,"The Saudi Tourism Authority (STA) (Arabic: الهيئة السعودية للسياحة, romanized: al-Haīʾiah as-Saʿūdīyah as-Sīāḥah) is an organ of Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Tourism that is concerned with promoting travel and tourism industry of the country. Established in March 2020 by King Salman against the backdrop of the surging COVID-19 pandemic, it is the official promoter of the Visit Saudi program and supervises tourism-related marketing campaigns domestically and internationally."
"Minister for Business, Trade, Tourism and Enterprise","The Minister for Business, Trade, Tourism and Enterprise (Scottish Gaelic: Ministear airson Gnothachas, Malairt, Turasachd agus Iomairt) is a Junior ministerial post in the Scottish Government. As a result, the Minister does not attend the Scottish Cabinet. The post was retitled in June 2018: the Minister supports the Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Economy and Fair Work and the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills, both of whom are members of cabinet."
Ministry of Tourism (Senegal),"Ministry of Tourism (French: Ministère du Tourisme du Sénégal), also known as the Ministry of Tourism and Air Transport (French: Ministère du Tourisme et des Transports Aériens de la République du Sénégal), is a government ministry of Senegal. Its head office is on the 8th floor of the Immeuble Y2 Cité Keur Goorgui in Dakar.As of 2019, the minister is Mame Mbaye NIANG."
Ministry of Internal and Foreign Trade (Serbia),"The Ministry of Internal and Foreign Trade of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Министарство унутрашње и спољне трговине, romanized: Ministarstvo unutrašnje i spoljne trgovine) is the ministry in the Government of Serbia which is in the charge of internal and foreign trade. The current minister is Tomislav Momirović of the Serbian Progressive Party."
Department of Tourism (South Africa),"The Department of Tourism is one of the departments of the South African government. It is responsible for promoting and developing tourism, both from other countries to South Africa, and within South Africa..
The current political head of the department is the Minister of Tourism, Patricia de Lille who replaced Lindiwe Sisulu in 2023. In her capacity as Minister of Tourism she is responsible for South African Tourism, is the official national marketing agency of the South African government, with the goal of promoting Tourism in South Africa both locally and globally."
Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism,"The Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism is a ministry of the Government of South Sudan. The incumbent minister is Rizig Zackaria Hassen, no deputy minister was name.[1]"
"Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda","The Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda (MINETAD) was a department of the Government of Spain which existed between 2016 and 2018 responsible for the proposal and execution of the government policy on energy, tourism, telecoms, information society and Digital Agenda.The Ministry was created for the first time in late 2016 assuming the powers of the Industry Ministry on energy, tourism and telecoms. However, it was dissolved in 2018 after the motion of no confidence against Rajoy's Second Government and its competences were distributed between three ministries: the Ministry for the Ecological Transition, the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism and the Ministry of Economy and Enterprise."
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism,"The Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism is the government ministry of Tanzania that is responsible for the management of natural resources and cultural resources and for the development of the tourism industry.  It has a wide range of investments in various tourist resources and tourism industry projects.  Ministry offices are located in Dodoma. Dr. Damas Ndumbaro is the new Tourism Minister of Tanzania.The Ministry's motto is ""Tanzania Unforgettable
"".

"
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand),"The Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Abrv: MOTS; Thai: กระทรวงการท่องเที่ยวและกีฬา, RTGS: Krasuang Kan Thongthiao Lae Kila) is a cabinet ministry in the Government of Thailand. The ministry's primary areas of responsibility are tourism and sports. The ministry is in charge of managing the tourist industry and sports both in schools and other institutions. The ministry organizes and directs Thailand's important sporting events. Its FY2019 budget is 6,413.9 million baht.As of October 2019, the Minister of Tourism and Sports is Phiphat Ratchakitprakarn."
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey),"The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkish: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for culture and tourism affairs in Turkey. Revolving fund management of the ministry is carried by DÖSİMM. On January 25, 2013, Ömer Çelik was appointed as minister following a cabinet change succeeding Ertuğrul Günay, who was in office since 2008."
"Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (Uganda)","The Uganda Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA) is the cabinet-level ministry responsible for the promotion of tourism, the preservation and welfare of wildlife, and the preservation, improvement and safekeeping of natural and other national historic sites and monuments."
Ministry of Youth and Sports (Ukraine),"Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство молоді та спорту України) is a government of Ukraine ministry established on 6 June 1991 after reorganization of the Soviet State Committee of the Ukrainian SSR in affairs of youth and sports. As a ministerial government department, it exists with some breaks since 1991. It was reestablished again in 2013 by splitting away from the Ministry of Education and Science where it existed as its subdepartment in 2010–2013.
The Honcharuk Government (on 29 August 2019) merged the ministry with the Ministry of Culture. But its succeeding Shmyhal Government undid this merge. The Minister of Youth and sports is former Olympic champion fencer Vadim Gutzeit."
United States Department of Commerce,"The United States Department of Commerce (DOC) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government concerned with creating the conditions for economic growth and opportunity. Among its tasks are gathering economic and demographic data for business and government decision making, and helping to set industrial standards. Its main purpose is to create jobs, promote economic growth, encourage sustainable development and block harmful trade practices of other nations. It is headed by the Secretary of Commerce, who reports directly to the President of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet. The Department of Commerce is headquartered in the Herbert C. Hoover Building in Washington, D.C."
Ministry of Tourism (Uruguay),"The Ministry of Tourism of Uruguay (MINTUR) is a ministry of the Government of Uruguay that is responsible for guiding, stimulating, promoting, regulating, researching and controlling tourism and activities and services directly related to it. It is also responsible for generating the conditions for Tourism to be accessible, planning the development of training and training in this economic activity, and promoting the development of infrastructure and accessibility conditions. This department of government promotes in the tourist activity the approaches of gender, ethnic-racial, sexual diversity, disability.The Ministry is headquartered in the Rambla 25 De Agosto in Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo. The current Minister of Tourism is Tabaré Viera, who has held the position since August 23, 2021. Tourism is the second most important economic activity in the country, after livestock. The Ministry acts under the motto ""Uruguay Natural""."
Ministry of Tourism and Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Uzbekistan,"The Ministry of Tourism and Cultural heritage  of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Turizm va madaniy meros vazirligi) The Ministry of Tourism and Cultural Heritage was established by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev dated February 18, 2022."
"Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)","The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnamese: Bộ Văn hóa, Thể thao và Du lịch) is the government ministry in Vietnam responsible for state administration on culture, family, sports and tourism nationwide; in addition to the management of public services in those field. The ministry was founded in 2007 after the merger of the Committee of Physical Training and Sports of Vietnam, General Department of Tourism, and Culture section from the Ministry of Culture and Information."
Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism,"The Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism (EDAT) is the department of the Western Cape government responsible for economic policy, economic planning and economic development within the province. It is also liable for promoting and developing the provincial tourism sector.
As of May 2019, the political head of the department has been Provincial Minister David Maynier. He also oversees the Provincial Treasury. The non-political head is Solly Fourie."
Ministry of Tourism (Zambia),"The Ministry of Tourism is a ministry in Zambia. It is headed by the Minister of Tourism.
In 2002 the Ministry of Tourism was merged with the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources to form the Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources. However, Tourism was later merged into the Foreign Affairs ministry. In 2011 Tourism was split out from the Foreign ministry and merged with the Art portfolio to form the Ministry of Tourism and Arts. Arts was removed in 2021 and moved to the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Arts.
The ministry oversees several statutory bodies, including the Hotels Board of Management, the Hotels Managers Registration Council, the National Heritage Conservation Commission, the National Museum Board, the Zambia Institute for Tourism and Hospitality Studies and the Zambia Tourism Agency."
Ministry of Tourism (Zimbabwe),"The Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality Industry was a former government ministry, responsible for tourism in Zimbabwe, from 2017 to 2019."
Capital Region Tourism,"Capital Region Tourism was a tourism partnership in Wales which aims to promote tourism in the Cardiff Capital Region. CRT is based at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff in the Penylan area of Cardiff.Cardiff is the most popular area in Wales for tourists, with 11.7 million visitors in 2006, and provides 8,400 full-time jobs in the sector."
Forgotten Landscapes Project,"The Forgotten Landscapes Project was a three-year partnership project funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and the Welsh Government intended to further develop the Blaenavon area in southeast Wales for visitors. It centres on the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape World Heritage Site but extends also to the nearby Clydach Gorge, with a total area of over 70 square kilometres (27 sq mi).
Amongst its stated aims are the protection of the area’s considerable industrial heritage, conservation of common land and heather moorland and access improvements. The project is also  providing additional educational material, information and interpretation on the area including a programme of walks and talks."
London Tourist Board,"The London Tourist Board was established in 1963 and became the official regional tourist board for London under the Development of Tourism Act in 1969.  It was responsible for the marketing and promotion of the capital, providing tourist information services, and recommending improvements to the infrastructure and facilities for the growth of tourism.  In 2003, it was renamed VisitLondon.  In 2011, it was put into administration by the Greater London Authority, and the tourism responsibility was transferred to a new company, London & Partners."
Les Routiers,Les Routiers is a company that provides travel guide books for eating out and hotels.
South West Wales Tourism Partnership,"South West Wales Tourism Partnership (SWWTP) was the Regional Tourism Partnership (RTP) serving South West Wales. The Wales Tourist Board, now ""Visit Wales"", and part of the National Assembly for Wales initiated the formation of 4 RTPs across Wales to receive devolved resources and responsibilities for many aspects of tourism marketing and development. The partners in SWWTP are all the local authorities and a broad spread of tourism, hospitality, and leisure industry representatives from across the Region. SWWTP acts as the lead body supporting tourism in South West Wales.
Key elements within the Partnership's aims include: ""…the need to maximise potential and eliminate wasteful competition for the ultimate benefit of the consumer and the trade"" and ""to encourage a greater integration of public and private sector resources by nurturing a distinct regional bias in decision making, reflective of the regional strategy / business plan"". The SWWTP drives forward the SWW Regional Tourism Strategy, 'Open All Year'."
Tourism Concern,"Tourism Concern  was a British NGO, advocating ethical tourism through campaigning and educating the tourism industry and travelling public.It closed in September 2018.  Its members and staff worked to highlight global tourism's negative impacts and potential solutions, believing that host communities should truly benefit, not suffer, from tourism development. Its web archive on www.Travindy.com and print archive held by Warwick University (see external links) document the scope of its work over thirty years. Stated aims were 'to increase understanding of the impact of tourism on environments and host communities among governments, industry, civil society and tourists; and to promote tourism development that is sustainable, just and participatory, and which is founded on a respect for human rights.'"
Tourism Northern Ireland,"Tourism Northern Ireland, also known as Tourism NI, is a non-departmental public body of the Department for the Economy. Its primary objective is to promote Northern Ireland as a tourist destination to domestic tourists, from within Northern Ireland, and to visitors from the Republic of Ireland.
It provides a service to the public for information on tourist destinations within Northern Ireland, public transport, accommodation, and the various tourist attractions throughout Northern Ireland.
It was established in 1948 as part of the Development of Tourist Traffic Act (NI), and its remit was affirmed by the Tourism (NI) Order 1992. In 2015, its name was changed from the Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) (Irish: Bord Turasóireachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann Reengin Boord) to Tourism Northern Ireland as part of the wider review of the public body. As of 31 March 2018, Tourism NI employed 143 people.Tourism Northern Ireland operates in close cooperation with equivalent agencies in the rest of the United Kingdom and Fáilte Ireland in the Republic of Ireland. The cross-border body Tourism Ireland (formed in 1999) is responsible for attracting overseas tourists to the island of Ireland."
Tourism Partnership North Wales,"Tourism Partnership North Wales (TPNW) was the Regional Tourism Partnership (RTP) serving North Wales. Visit Wales, and part of the National Assembly for Wales initiated the formation of 4 RTPs across Wales to receive devolved resources and responsibilities for many aspects of tourism, marketing and development."
Visit Wales,Visit Wales (Welsh: Croeso Cymru)  is the Welsh Government's tourism organisation. Its aim is to promote Welsh tourism and assist the tourism industry.
VisitBritain,"VisitBritain is the name used by the British Tourist Authority, the tourist board of Great Britain incorporated under the Development of Tourism Act 1969.
Under memoranda of understanding with the Northern Ireland Tourist Board and the offshore islands of Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man, VisitBritain also hosts information on those territories on its website.  However, under the 1969 Act, the remit of the organisation extends only to Great Britain rather than the whole of the United Kingdom.VisitBritain was created in April 2003 to market Britain to the rest of the world and to promote and develop the visitor economy of England. It was formed out of a merger between the British Tourist Authority and the English Tourism Council, and is a non-departmental public body responsible to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.  In April 2009, VisitEngland became more of a stand-alone body from VisitBritain, more on a par with the devolved entities, VisitScotland and VisitWales.
In 2005, it was voted the world's leading Tourist and Convention Bureau in the World Travel Awards.
In the Webby Awards it has been an Official Honoree in the 10th and 12th Webby Awards in the Tourism Category.
In 2008 it was also awarded the Travelmole Best Tourist Board Website award.VisitBritain is a founding partner of ENAT, the European Network for Accessible Tourism, an international organisation based in Europe, set up in 2006 to promote accessible tourism."
VisitEngland,"VisitEngland is the official tourist board for England.
Before 1999 it was known as the English Tourist Board and between 1999 and 2009 as the English Tourism Council. In 2003, it merged with the British Tourist Authority to form VisitBritain before relaunching as a separate corporate body in 2009. VisitEngland's stated mission is to ""build England's tourism product, raise Britain’s profile worldwide, increase the volume and value of tourism exports and develop England and Britain’s visitor economy""."
VisitScotland,"VisitScotland, formerly the Scottish Tourist Board (Scottish Gaelic: Bòrd Turasachd na h-Alba), is a national tourism organisation for Scotland. It is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government, with offices in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Inverness, and other parts of Scotland.Among the organisation's tasks is the attraction of visitors to Scotland through advertising and promotional campaigns. VisitScotland also manages a number of quality grading schemes for tourist accommodation and attractions. The organisation also operates the VisitScotland.com website which provides bookings and information service for visitors to Scotland. From 2001 this website was operated as a public-private partnership venture, though this venture (and the website) was brought back into public ownership in 2008.

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Welcome to Yorkshire,"Welcome to Yorkshire (WTY) is the official tourism agency for the traditional county of Yorkshire, the UK's largest county, promoting Yorkshire tourism both nationally and internationally. It was formerly known as the Yorkshire Tourist Board until 2009, but underwent a rebranding: a new Welcome to Yorkshire brand, a new website, the launching of various new marketing campaigns and a move to the present site in Leeds, West Yorkshire. The stated aim of the organisation is: 'to grow the county's visitor economy'. The Chief Executive from 2008 until his resignation in March 2019 was Sir Gary Verity.  The current Chief Executive, James Mason, was appointed in 2019 having previously worked as chief operating officer of Bradford City Football Club and a journalist for the BBC.James Mason left Welcome to Yorkshire Ltd in 2021 following an investigation, and on 1 March 2022, the business entered administration, before having its assets – including the Welcome to Yorkshire name and trademarks, sold to be run by another organization in future. The business was carrying significant debts at the time of its demise, largely to a local pension fund."
World Travel and Tourism Council,The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) is a forum for the travel and tourism industry. It is made up of members from the global business community and works with governments to raise awareness about the travel and tourism industry. It is known for being the only forum to represent the private sector in all parts of the industry worldwide. Its activities include research on the economic and social impact of the industry and its organisation of global and regional summits focused on issues and developments relevant to the industry.
World Tourism Organization,"The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which promotes responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. It is headquartered in Madrid, Spain.
UNWTO promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability. It provides leadership and support in advancing knowledge and tourism policies and serves as a global forum for tourism policy and a source of tourism research and knowledge. It encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism e Development, Competitiveness, Innovation & Digital Transformation, Ethics, Culture & Social Responsibility, Technical Cooperation, UNWTO Academy, and Statistics.The official languages of UNWTO are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism stood at an all-time high: 1 out of 10 jobs worldwide depended on tourism and international tourist arrivals reached 1.5 billion in 2019. Against a backdrop of heightened uncertainty, UNWTO conveyed the Global Tourism Crisis Committee to guide the tourism sector as it faced up to the COVID-19 challenge."
World Tourism Day,"Since 1980, the United Nations World Tourism Organization has celebrated World Tourism Day as international observances on September 27. This date was chosen as on that day in 1970, the Statutes of the UNWTO were adopted. The adoption of these Statutes is considered a milestone in global tourism. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness on the role of tourism within the international community and to demonstrate how it affects social, cultural, political and economic values worldwide. 
At its Twelfth Session in Istanbul, Turkey, in October 1997, the UNWTO General Assembly decided to designate a host country each year to act as the Organization's partner in the celebration of World Tourism Day. At its Fifteenth Session in Beijing, China, in October 2003, the Assembly decided the following geographic order to be followed for World Tourism Day celebrations: 2006 in Europe; 2007 in South Asia; 2008 in the Americas; 2009 in Africa and 2011 in the Middle East.
The late Ignatius Amaduwa Atigbi, a Nigerian national, was the one who proposed the idea of marking September 27 of every year as World Tourism Day. He was finally recognized for his contribution in 2009. The colour of World Tourism Day is Blue.
Host countries and themes of the World Tourism Day"
World Tourism rankings,"The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released up to six times per year. In the publication, destinations are ranked by the number of international visitor arrivals, by the revenue generated by inbound tourism, and by the expenditure of outbound travelers."
2003 Zona Rosa attacks,"The 2003 Zona Rosa attacks was a terrorist attack that occurred in Bogotá, Colombia on November 15, 2003. Grenades were thrown in two bars in the wealthy Zona Rosa neighborhood, killing one person, injuring 73 and badly damaging the premises.The authorities blamed Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerillas for the attack. The fatal victim was a young woman. Three Americans and a German were among the injured. It was believed the FARC targeted Americans in the attack. The U.S. government provided $2.5 billion to the Colombian government in its fight against rebels and drug traffickers. The attack was the sixth in Bogotá that year, and prompted security concerns to residents amid the rebels' increasing attacks in urban areas.The national police managed to capture one of the men who threw the grenades."
2012 Afar region tourist attack,"The 2012 Afar region tourist attack was a shooting incident on the night of 17 January 2012 at Erta Ale volcano in the Afar Region of Ethiopia which killed 5 and injured 3. Four people were kidnapped in the attack.
Bereket Simon, the country's communications minister told Reuters the attack was carried out at 5 am on 17 January, by Eritrean-trained groups. Two foreigners, a driver, and a policeman were kidnapped. Eritrea denied having trained and armed the attackers.It was later revealed that two Germans, two Hungarians and an Austrian were killed in the attack. Two Germans and two Ethiopians were kidnapped. Three people injured: two Belgians and a Hungarian. The Germans were released 7 March the same year."
2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack,"The 2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack was an attack on 31 August 2018, in Amsterdam Centraal station. A 19-year-old man from Afghanistan stabbed and injured two American tourists. The attacker was shot and injured by the police. Amsterdam Police confirmed that they believe he had a terrorist motive."
Wadi Dawan attack,"The Wadi Dawan attack was an ambush attack on Belgian tourists traveling in a convoy through Hadhramaut in the Wadi Dawan desert valley on January 18, 2008."
2002 Bali bombings,"A bombing occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The attack killed 202 people (including 88 Australians, 38 Indonesians, 23 Britons, and people of more than 20 other nationalities). A further 209 people were injured.Various members of Jemaah Islamiyah, a violent Islamist group, were convicted in relation to the bombings, including three individuals who were sentenced to death. The attack involved the detonation of three bombs: a backpack-mounted device carried by a suicide bomber; a large car bomb, both of which were detonated in or near popular nightclubs in Kuta; and a third much smaller device detonated outside the United States consulate in Denpasar, causing only minor damage.
On 9 November 2008, Amrozi bin Nurhasyim, Imam Samudra and Huda bin Abdul Haq were executed by firing squad on the island prison of Nusakambangan. On 9 March 2010, Dulmatin, nicknamed ""the Genius""—believed to be responsible for setting off one of the Bali bombs with a mobile phone—was killed in a shoot-out with Indonesian police in Pamulang, South Tangerang."
June 2017 Bamako attack,"On 18 June 2017, gunmen attacked Le Campement Kangaba in Dougourakoro, east of Bamako, Mali, a luxury resort frequented by tourists. Hostages were reported to have been taken and at least 5 people are reported to have been killed, including a Franco-Gabonese civilian, a Chinese citizen and a Portuguese soldier. According to an eyewitness, the attack began when a man on a motorcycle arrived at the compound and fired at the crowd. He was followed by two other assailants. Security forces stationed at the resort held off the attack for several hours while awaiting reinforcements. Once arrived, the United Nations troops managed to rescue around 60 people staying at the resort. Some residents hid in a cave near the resort and managed to avoid the attackers.Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb claimed responsibility for the attack, and Mali security minister Salif Traoré confirmed it was a jihadist attack. Malian troops and France's Operation Barkhane counter-terrorist force came to the site. Four assailants were killed in the aftermath and four arrested."
2015 Bamako hotel attack,"On 20 November 2015, Islamist militants took 170 hostages and killed 20 of them in a mass shooting at the Radisson Blu hotel in Bamako, the capital city of Mali. United States Army Sergeant First Class Kyle Morgan, a member of the Combat Applications Group, the elite DOD special mission unit commonly referred to as Delta Force, along with the assistance of GySgt Jared Stout, a MARSOC CSO that worked out of the same embassy as Morgan, launched an assault with Malian Security Forces on the hotel to recover the surviving hostages. Al-Mourabitoun claimed that it carried out the attack ""in cooperation with"" al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb; an al Qaeda member confirmed that the two groups cooperated in the attack."
Bardo National Museum attack,"On 18 March 2015, two militants attacked the Bardo National Museum in the Tunisian capital city of Tunis, and took hostages. Twenty-one people, mostly European tourists, were killed at the scene, and an additional victim died ten days later. Around fifty others were injured. The two gunmen, Tunisian citizens Yassine Labidi and Saber Khachnaoui, were killed by police. Police treated the event as a terrorist attack.The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attack, and threatened to commit further attacks. However, the Tunisian government blamed a local splinter group of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, called the Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade, for the attack. A police raid killed nine members ten days later."
2012 Burgas bus bombing,"The 2012 Burgas bus bombing was a terrorist attack carried out by a suicide bomber on a passenger bus transporting Israeli tourists at the Burgas Airport in Burgas, Bulgaria, on 18 July 2012. The bus was carrying 42 Israelis, mainly youths, from the airport to their hotels, after arriving on a flight from Tel Aviv. The explosion killed the Bulgarian bus driver and five Israelis and injured 32 Israelis, resulting in international condemnation of the bombing.
In February 2013, Tsvetan Tsvetanov, the Bulgarian Interior Minister, said there was ""well-grounded"" evidence that Hezbollah was behind the attack. Tsvetanov stated that the two suspects had Canadian and Australian passports and lived in Lebanon. According to the Europol, forensic evidence and intelligence sources all point to Hezbollah's involvement in the blast. Both Iran and Hezbollah have denied any involvement. On 5 June 2013, new Bulgarian Foreign Affairs Minister Kristian Vigenin stated that: ""There is no conclusive evidence for the implication of Hezbollah in the July 2012 bombing in Burgas. The authorities continue to gather evidence."" However, two weeks later a Bulgarian representative to the European Union revealed that investigators discovered new evidence that implicates Hezbollah operatives were connected to the terrorist attacks. Investigators found that the forged documents used by the perpetrators of the attack were facilitated by a man with ties to Hezbollah. In July 2013, the newly appointed Bulgarian Interior Minister Tsvetlin Yovchev stated: ""there are clear signs that say Hezbollah is behind the Burgas bombing.""On 25 July 2013, the Bulgarian Interior Ministry released photographs of two Hezbollah operatives suspected in the bombing: Australian citizen Malid Farah (also known as ""Hussein Hussein""), and Canadian citizen Hassan al-Haj. In 2013, and partly in response to the bombing, the EU unanimously voted to list the military branch of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.On 18 July 2014, Bulgaria announced that they identified the bomber as a dual Lebanese-French citizen named Mohamad Hassan El-Husseini."
1990 Cairo bus attack,"The Cairo bus attack was a terrorist attack on a bus carrying Israeli tourists in Cairo, Egypt that occurred on February 4, 1990. The attack was claimed by two groups, an unknown group calling itself the 'Organisation for the Defense of the Oppressed of Egypts Prisons' which claimed to have done it to protest the torture in Egyptian prisons, and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. Nine Israeli civilians were killed and 17 more were wounded with automatic fire and hand grenades. The attack was the worst on Israelis in Egypt since the two countries signed a peace agreement in 1979.
Israel's minister Ariel Sharon said the Palestine Liberation Organisation was behind the attack.Later, the Egyptian government announced that the attack had been plotted abroad and carried out by non-Egyptians."
2006 Dahab bombings,"The Dahab bombings of 24 April 2006 were three bomb attacks on the Egyptian resort city of Dahab, in the Sinai Peninsula. The resort town is popular with Western tourists and Egyptians alike during the holiday season.
At about 19:15 Egypt summer time on 24 April 2006 — a public holiday in celebration of Sham el Nessim (Spring festival) — a series of bombs exploded in tourist areas of Dahab, a resort located on the Gulf of Aqaba coast of the Sinai Peninsula.  One blast occurred in or near the Nelson restaurant, one near the Aladdin café (both being on both sides of the bridge), and one near the Ghazala market. 
These explosions followed other bombings elsewhere in the Sinai Peninsula in previous  years: in Sharm el-Sheikh on 23 July 2005 and in Taba on 6 October 2004."
July 2016 Dhaka attack,"On the night of 1 July 2016, at 21:20 local time, five militants took hostages and opened fire on the Holey Artisan Bakery in Gulshan Thana. The assailants entered the bakery with crude bombs, machetes, pistols, and took several dozen hostages (foreigners and locals). In the immediate response, while Dhaka Metropolitan Police tried to regain control of the bakery, two police officers were shot dead by the assailants.29 people were killed, including 20 hostages (17 foreigners and 3 locals), two police officers, five gunmen, and two bakery staff. As the police were unsuccessful in breaching the bakery and securing the hostages, they set up a perimeter along with the Rapid Action Battalion and Border Guard Bangladesh. Very early on 2 July (around 03:00), it was decided that the Bangladesh Armed Forces would launch a counter assault named Operation Thunderbolt. The assault was led by the 1st Para-commando Battalion, an elite force in the Bangladesh Army, and began their raid at 07:40. According to Bangladesh's Inspector General of Police, all of the attackers were Bangladeshi citizens. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the incident and released photographs of the gunmen, but the Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan, stated that the perpetrators belonged to Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen and were not affiliated with ISIL.
The incident was described by BBC News as the ""deadliest Islamist attack in Bangladeshi history."" The local media described it as 7/16."
Fountain Valley massacre,"The Fountain Valley massacre was a mass shooting that occurred on the afternoon of 6 September 1972 at the Fountain Valley Golf Course in St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands. The incident left eight resort employees and tourists dead. Another eight were either shot at or wounded."
Grand-Bassam shootings,"On 13 March 2016, three Islamist gunmen opened fire at a beach resort in Grand-Bassam, Ivory Coast, killing at least 19 people and injuring 33 others."
1998 Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa attack,"On January 16, 1998, thirteen American students were attacked and robbed at gunpoint while on a school-sponsored trip to Guatemala; five of the participants were raped.  The case led to attention from the highest levels of the American and Guatemalan governments, including then-US president Bill Clinton, and added to growing concerns about whether the safety of students was adequately protected while studying abroad.  The students were studying at St. Mary's College of Maryland."
2016 Hurghada attack,"On 8 January 2016, two suspected militants, armed with a melee weapon and a signal flare, allegedly arrived by sea and stormed the Bella Vista Hotel in the Red Sea city of Hurghada, Egypt, stabbing two foreign tourists from Austria and one from Sweden. (Early reports incorrectly stated that the victims were one German and one Danish national.) One of the attackers, 21-year-old student Mohammed Hassan Mohammed Mahfouz, was killed by police as he tried to take a woman hostage. The other attacker was injured. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility."
2017 Hurghada attack,"On 14 July 2017 Abdel-Rahman Shaaban, a former university student from the Nile Delta region, swam from a public beach to each of two resort hotel beaches at Hurghada on the Red Sea and stabbed five German, one Armenian and one Czech tourists, all women, killing two German women. The Czech tourist died on July 27. The perpetrator shouted that the Egyptian hotel personnel who gave pursuit after the stabbings at the second beach should ""Stay back, I am not after Egyptians"".  Nevertheless, hotel personnel pursued and captured the attacker."
Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing,"The Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing occurred on the night of 20 September 2008, when a dumper truck filled with explosives was detonated in front of the Marriott Hotel in the Pakistani capital Islamabad, killing at least 54 people, injuring at least 266 and leaving a 60 ft (20 m) wide, 20 ft (6 m) deep crater outside the hotel. The majority of the casualties were Pakistanis; at least five foreign nationals were also killed and fifteen others reported injured. The attack occurred only hours after President Asif Ali Zardari made his first speech to the Pakistani parliament.
The Marriott was the most prestigious hotel in the capital, and was located near government buildings, diplomatic missions, embassies and high commissions.During the investigation, three suspected terrorists were arrested by the Pakistani police. They were suspected of having facilitated the suicide bomber. However later they were acquitted of all charges as no evidence was ever presented against them.
A few months after the hotel's bombing the Government of Pakistan had re-constructed it, and the Islamabad Marriott reopened officially on 28 December 2008."
January 2016 Istanbul bombing,"On 12 January 2016, a suicide attack in Istanbul's historic Sultanahmet district killed 13 people, all foreigners, and injured 14 others. The attack occurred at 10:20 local time, near the Blue Mosque and the Hagia Sophia, an area popular among tourists. The attacker was Nabil Fadli (Arabic: نبيل فضلي), a Syrian member of the Islamic State."
2017 Jerusalem Light Rail stabbing,"The 2017 Jerusalem Light Rail stabbing was a stabbing attack and suspected act of terrorism that occurred on Good Friday, 14 April 2017, on Jerusalem Light Rail's car. In the attack, a 20 year old British student was stabbed to death by Jamil Tamimi, a Palestinian man. Two others, including a pregnant woman, were injured in the incident. The attacker was arrested and was deemed competent to stand trial."
Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland,"On 17 December 2018, the bodies of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen, a 24-year-old Danish woman, and Maren Ueland, a 28-year-old Norwegian woman, were found decapitated in the foothills of Mount Toubkal near to the village of Imlil in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco.A total of 18 men have been arrested by Moroccan Police in relation to the murders. The murders were described by the Moroccan general prosecutor as a terrorist act, after a video of several of the suspects were shown swearing allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant while decapitating Jespersen was released on the Internet.

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2011–2014 terrorist attacks in Kenya,"From late 2011 to 2014, Kenya experienced an upsurge in violent terrorist attacks. Kenyan government officials asserted that many of the murders and blasts were carried out by al-Shabaab in retaliation for Operation Linda Nchi, a coordinated military mission between the Somalian military and Kenyan military that began in October 2011, when troops from Kenya crossed the border into the conflict zones of southern Somalia. According to Kenyan security experts, the bulk of the attacks were increasingly carried out by radicalized Kenyan youth who were hired for the purpose. Kenya security officials also indicated that they were part of death squads, which carried out many of the killings under the orders of a government security council. By mid-2014, the cumulative attacks began affecting Kenya's tourism industry, as Western nations issued travel warnings to their citizens."
2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing,"Kuşadası minibus bombing occurred on July 16, 2005, when a minibus carrying locals and tourists to the town's famous ""Ladies Beach"" exploded in Kuşadası, Turkey. Five people, four women and one man, were killed in the blast.The Kurdish group PKK was initially suspected of carrying out the bombing but they denied being involved in the attack. A suspect was arrested in İstanbul on 8 April 2006."
Larnaca yacht killings,"The Larnaca Yacht killings was a terrorist attack by alleged supporters of the Palestine Liberation Organization in Larnaca, Cyprus on September 25, 1985, followed by a ten-hour standoff with police.

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Luxor massacre,"The Luxor massacre was a terrorist attack that occurred on 17 November 1997 in Egypt. It was perpetrated by al-Jamāʻah al-Islāmīyah and resulted in the deaths of 62 people, most of whom were tourists. It took place at Dayr al-Bahri, an archaeological site located across the Nile from the city of Luxor."
Manila hostage crisis,"The Manila hostage crisis, officially known as the Rizal Park hostage-taking incident, took place when a disgruntled former Philippine National Police officer named Rolando Mendoza hijacked a tourist bus in Rizal Park, Manila, Philippines, on August 23, 2010. The bus carried 25 people: 20 tourists, a tour guide from Hong Kong, and four local Filipinos. Mendoza claimed that he had been unfairly dismissed from his job, and demanded a fair hearing to defend himself.Negotiations (which were broadcast live on television and the internet) broke down dramatically about ten hours into the stand-off, when the police arrested Mendoza's brother and thus incited Mendoza to open fire. The bus driver managed to escape, and declared ""Everyone is dead"" before he was moved away by policemen. Following a 90-minute gun battle, Mendoza and eight of the hostages were killed and several others injured.The Philippine and Hong Kong governments conducted separate investigations into the incident. Both inquiries concluded that the Philippine officials' poor handling of the situation caused the eight hostages' deaths. The assault mounted by the Manila Police District (MPD), and the resulting shoot-out, have been widely criticized by pundits as ""bungled"" and ""incompetent"", and the Hong Kong Government has issued a ""black"" travel alert for the Philippines as a result of the affair."
2011 Marrakesh bombing,"The 2011 Marrakesh bombing was a domestic terrorist bombing of the Argana Cafe in Jemaa el-Fnaa, Marrakesh, Morocco, on April 28, 2011. A lone terrorist, Adil El-Atmani, planted two homemade pressure cooker bombs hidden inside of a backpack at the cafe and detonated them at 11:50 a.m., killing 17 and injuring 25. Many of the dead were tourists, including a group of French students.El-Atmani, a 25 year-old shoe salesman, pledged allegiance to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, who denied involvement in the attack. He was arrested six days later after a SIM card registered under his name was found in what remained of the bomb. During questioning, he said that he learned bomb-making on the Internet. A letter to the French government found on his laptop ordered the withdrawal of French troops in the Middle East, threatening to ""attack targets in the heart of France"" if his order was not fulfilled within the twenty days following the attack.Adil El-Atmani was sentenced to death for the attack by an anti-terrorism court in Salé. He is awaiting execution at Moul El Bergui central prison in Safi. He was put in solitary confinement in 2017 after attempting to kill his cellmate."
2007 killing of French tourists in Mauritania,"The 2007 killing of French tourists in Mauritania happened on 24 December 2007. The attack happened near Aleg, 250 km east of the capital Nouakchott.The victims, five French tourists on holiday, were attacked while they were having a picnic. Four of them were killed and the fifth was seriously injured. There was one survivor; the victims were his two adult sons, brother, and a friend. The 2008 Dakar Rally was moved to central Europe (known as the 2008 Central Europe Rally when held in April) because of this incident due to concerns of a possible terrorist attack.
Mauritanian authorities arrested nine people on 7 January 2008. An assault rifle was recovered by police from a location close to the scene of the killings. The Mauritanian interior minister blamed a terrorist sleeper cell for the killings. Authorities say suspects are members of an extremist group linked to al-Qaida.One of the suspects arrested in January, Sidi Ould Sidna, escaped from the police in March but was arrested again in April. Sidna had trained with the group Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb, which confirmed Sidna was affiliated with their organization. In 2010, three men who claimed to be ""soldiers of Al-Qaeda"", Sidi Ould Sidna, Mohamed Ould Chabarnou, and Maarouf Ould Haiba, were sentenced to death by a Mauritanian court for the attack. Since Mauritania has not used the death penalty since the 1980s, their death sentence will likely be commuted to an extended prison sentence on appeal."
2013 Nanga Parbat massacre,"The 2013 Nanga Parbat massacre was a terrorist attack that took place on the night of 22 June 2013 in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. About 16 militants, reportedly dressed in Gilgit−Baltistan Scouts uniforms, stormed a high-altitude mountaineering base camp and killed 11 people; 10 climbers and one local tourist guide. The climbers were from various countries, including Ukraine, China, Slovakia, Lithuania and Nepal. A Chinese citizen managed to escape the assailants, and a member of the group from Latvia happened to be outside the camp during the attack. The attack took place at a base camp on Nanga Parbat, the ninth-highest mountain on Earth. The mountain is popular among trekkers and mountaineers, and is typically toured from June to August because of the ideal weather conditions during these months.In November 2013, many of the assailants involved in the attack were arrested and tried under the Anti-Terrorist Act, although most of those who were arrested had been released by 2014; the identities of the actual perpetrators were never confirmed. According to the Pakistani Senate's standing committee on foreign relations, the original motive of the militants had not been to kill the tourists, but to kidnap them for ransom."
2016 Ouagadougou attacks,"On 15 January 2016, gunmen armed with heavy weapons attacked the Cappuccino restaurant and the Splendid Hotel in the heart of Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. The number of fatalities reached 30, while at least 56 were wounded; a total of 176 hostages were released after a government counter-attack into the next morning as the siege ended. Three perpetrators were also killed. The nearby YIBI hotel was then under siege, where another attacker was killed. Notably, former Swiss MPs Jean-Noël Rey and Georgie Lamon were killed. Responsibility for the attack was claimed by Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Al-Mourabitoun."
Reus Airport bombing,"On 21 July 1996, the Basque nationalist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) detonated two bombs at Reus Airport near Tarragona in Spain. Thirty-five people were injured, most of whom were British tourists."
2015 Sousse attacks,"On 26 June 2015, a mass shooting occurred at the tourist resort at Port El Kantaoui, about 10 kilometres north of the city of Sousse, Tunisia. Thirty-eight people, 30 of whom were British, were killed when a gunman, Seifeddine Rezgui, attacked a hotel. It was the deadliest non-state attack in the history of modern Tunisia, with more fatalities than the 22 killed in the Bardo National Museum attack three months before. The attack received widespread condemnation around the world. The Tunisian government later ""acknowledged fault"" for slow police response to the attack."
2014 Taba bus bombing,"The 2014 Taba bus bombing was a terrorist attack on a tourist coach in Taba, Egypt on 16 February 2014. The bus had been parked, waiting to cross into Israel at the Taba Border Crossing, when a lone suicide bomber entered the open bus and detonated his explosives. Four people – three South Koreans and the Egyptian bus driver were killed, and 17 others injured.The attack was seen as marking a potential shift in the strategy of jihadist groups in the Sinai insurgency by broadening their campaign against Egyptian security forces to include tourists."
2016 Tel Aviv stabbings,"On 8 March 2016, a 21-year-old Palestinian man from Qalqilya killed an American tourist and wounded ten other people in a stabbing spree in Jaffa Port, Tel Aviv, Israel. The attacker was shot dead by the police after a chase along the beach promenade."
Terrorism and tourism in Egypt,"Terrorism and tourism in Egypt is when terrorist attacks are specifically aimed at Egypt's tourists. These attacks often end in fatalities and injuries and has an immediate and sometimes lasting effect on the industry. Attacks take many forms; blowing up an airplane carrying tourists, drive-by shootings of tourists, knife attacks on tourists and suicide bombings in a location where tourists are congregated. On the timeline of these events, the 1997 Luxor Massacre stands out - 62 tourists were ambushed and killed. 
Attacks are carried out by different extremists over the years, and have an immediate effect on tourism, an important part of Egypt's economy. So while there is a history of persecution and terrorism aimed at Egypt's Coptic Christians and terrorism is directed at Egypt's security and government officials, terrorism targeting tourists affects the citizens of other countries. Tourism agencies note that when an attack occurs against tourists, Egypt loses tourism dollars to other countries such as China, India or Morocco.In the first six months of 2018, tourism revenue had increased by 71% to $4.8 billion amid an upsurge of visitors. More than 5 million tourists visited, a jump of 41%, as compared to same time frame in 2017.After almost two years without an attack targeting tourists, a bomb targeting tourists was planted near a bus with Vietnamese tourists, killing four, on 28 of December, 2018."
August 2016 Thailand bombings,"On August 11, 2016, two bombs exploded in the Thai resort town of Hua Hin.  One person was killed and 23, many of them tourists, were injured. The next day, several more bombings took place, again targeting Hua Hin as well as Surat Thani, Phuket and Trang. At least two people were killed and many more were injured. In total, at least four people were killed and 36 injured."
Westgate shopping mall attack,"On 21 September 2013, four masked gunmen attacked the Westgate shopping mall, an upmarket mall in Nairobi, Kenya. There are conflicting reports about the number killed in the attack, since part of the mall collapsed due to a fire that started during the siege. The attack resulted in 71 total deaths, including 62 civilians, five Kenyan soldiers, and all four gunmen. Approximately 200 people were wounded in the massacre.
The extremist Islamic group al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the incident, which it characterised as retribution for the Kenyan military's deployment in the group's home country of Somalia. Many media outlets also suspected the insurgent group's involvement in the attack based on earlier reprisal warnings it had issued in the wake of Operation Linda Nchi from 2011 to 2012.
Kenyan authorities arrested dozens of people in the aftermath of the attack, but had not announced any suspects directly related to the siege. On 4 November 2013, a Kenyan court charged four Somali nationals with harbouring the gunmen in their homes, with each pleading not guilty.On 20 September 2015, Foreign Policy magazine reported the Westgate attack on 21 September lasted several hours, with the last victim killed before special Kenyan security forces entered the mall. The mall was officially declared secured on 24 September."
2007 Malé bombing,"The 2007 Malé bombing was a bomb blast on September 29, 2007, in Sultan Park near the Islamic Centre in the Maldivian capital Malé, injuring 12 foreign tourists.  The park is located in the shadow Maldivian Army (MNDF) Headquarters where several surveillance cameras are trained.  It was the first known bombing to take place in the Maldives.
Local media reported that the bomb was homemade, and consisted of a gas cylinder, a washing machine motor and a mobile phone. The tourists hurt were eight from China, two from Britain, and two from Japan.A state of high alert was declared in Maldivian cities. Both the airports and ferry services in Male' were placed on high alert. The president also held a security meeting at his residence attended by Home Minister Abdullah Kamal Deen, National Security Advisor Colonel Mansoor, and Tourism Minister Mahmood Shaugy."
2018 Tajikistan tourist attack,"The terrorist attack against cyclists in Tajikistan happened on July 29, 2018 (UTC+05:00). Four Western touring cyclists were killed while cycling in the Danghara District, and two more were injured after five Islamist militants rammed them with a car and then got out of the vehicle and stabbed them."
Ras Burqa massacre,"The Ras Burqa massacre was a mass shooting on 5 October 1985 on Israeli vacationers in Ras Burqa, a beach resort area in the Sinai peninsula, in which seven, including four children, were killed by Egyptian soldier Suleiman Khater."
2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings,"The 2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings were committed by Islamist group Abdullah Azzam Brigades on 23 July 2005 in the Egyptian resort city of Sharm El Sheikh, at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula. Eighty-eight people were killed by the three bombings, the majority of them Egyptians, and over 200 were injured, making the attack the deadliest terrorist action in the history of Egypt, until it was surpassed by the 2017 Sinai mosque attack.The attack took place on Egypt's Revolution Day, a public holiday, and was part of a strategy of damaging tourism in the country, a major part of the economy.
After the attacks, many arrests took place, especially of the Bedouin in the Sinai, who allegedly aided the attack, and Egypt started erecting a separation barrier around the city, cutting it off from possible attacks and the nearby Bedouin community."
2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings,"On 21 April 2019, Easter Sunday, three churches in Sri Lanka and three luxury hotels in the commercial capital, Colombo, were targeted in a series of coordinated ISIS-related terrorist suicide bombings. Later that day, two smaller explosions occurred at a housing complex in Dematagoda and a guest house in Dehiwala. A total of 269 people were killed, including at least 45 foreign nationals, three police officers, and eight suicide bombers. An additional 500 were injured. The church bombings were carried out during Easter services in Negombo, Batticaloa and Colombo; the hotels bombed included the Shangri-La, Cinnamon Grand, Kingsbury and Tropical Inn. According to the State Intelligence Service, a second wave of attacks was planned, but was prevented due to government raids.According to Sri Lankan government officials, all eight suicide bombers involved in the attacks were Sri Lankan citizens associated with National Thowheeth Jama'ath (NTJ), a local militant group with suspected foreign ties, previously known for attacks against Buddhists and Sufis. On 23 April, State Minister of Defence Ruwan Wijewardene theorized that the attack was in retaliation for the Christchurch mosque shootings which occurred the month before on 15 March 2019. The direct linkage between the two attacks has been questioned by the government of New Zealand and by other experts. The NTJ had been stockpiling explosives at least since January 2019.On 23 April 2019, the Amaq News Agency, a propaganda outlet for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), stated that ""the perpetrators of the attack targeting the citizens of coalition countries and Christians in Sri Lanka were Islamic State fighters."" Sri Lanka was not part of the anti-ISIL coalition, yet the overwhelming majority of those killed in the bombings were Sri Lankan citizens. ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, who was previously believed to be either dead or retired, praised the attackers during an 18-minute video on a range of topics. The Criminal Investigation Department, however, stated that there was no evidence of ISIL's direct involvement.Security lapses leading to the attack, and the Sri Lankan government's failure to act on intelligence were highlighted during inquiries into the attacks. On 12 January 2023, The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka ruled that the then-incumbent president Maithripala Sirisena and several other government authorities at the time failed to act on intelligence, and were ordered to pay compensation to victims."
2007 Marib suicide car bombing,"The 2007 Yemen tourist attack was a suicide car bomb attack on Spanish tourists visiting the Queen of Sheba temple in Marib, Marib Governorate on July 2, 2007."
2009 Yemeni tourist attacks,"Two explosions targeting tourists in Yemen took place in mid-March 2009. Sixteen South Korean tourists were in Shibam, Yemen, at the time of the first blast. Four Korean tourists alongside their local Yemeni guide were killed in the first attack on 15 March, while three more tourists were injured. Relatives of the victims were involved in the second blast on 18 March but the only fatality was the bomber. The initial attack followed numerous calls by members of the Al-Qaeda military network to attack visitors in the region."
Zakho resort attack,"On 20 July 2022, the Barakh tourist resort in the Zakho District of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq was shelled with four or five artillery strikes. The attack killed nine civilians, including two children, and injured 33 others.The Iraqi federal government and Kurdish authorities claim that Turkish Armed Forces was behind the attack, while the Turkish government denied this and suspected PKK to be responsible. The Iraqi Foreign Minister claimed that the PKK was not in the area at the time of the attack and that it was Turkey that attacked.All of the victims were Arab tourists from central and southern parts of Iraq.

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Tourist attraction,"A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement."
Lists of tourist attractions,The following lists of tourist attractions include tourist attractions in various countries.
Beach,"A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, etc., or biological sources, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae. Sediments settle in different densities and structures, depending on the local wave action and weather, creating different textures, colors and gradients or layers of material.
Though some beaches form on inland freshwater locations such as lakes and rivers, most beaches are in coastal areas where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments. Erosion and changing of beach geologies happens through natural processes, like wave action and extreme weather events.  Where wind conditions are correct, beaches can be backed by coastal dunes which offer protection and regeneration for the beach.  However, these natural forces have become more extreme due to climate change, permanently altering beaches at very rapid rates. Some estimates describe as much as 50 percent of the earth's sandy beaches disappearing by 2100 due to climate-change driven sea level rise.Sandy beaches occupy about one third of global coastlines. These beaches are popular for recreation, playing important economic and cultural roles—often driving local tourism industries. To support these uses, some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, showers, shacks and bars. They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby or housing, both for permanent and seasonal residents.
Human forces have significantly changed beaches globally: direct impacts include bad construction practices on dunes and coastlines, while indirect human impacts include water pollution, plastic pollution and coastal erosion from sea level rise and climate change. Some coastal management practices are designed to preserve or restore natural beach processes, while some beaches are actively restored through practices like beach nourishment.

Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed for tourism or recreation. Preserved beaches are important biomes with important roles in aquatic or marine biodiversity, such as for breeding grounds for sea turtles or nesting areas for seabirds or penguins. Preserved beaches and their associated dune are important for protection from extreme weather for inland ecosystems and human infrastructure."
Canopy walkway,"Canopy walkways – also called canopy walks, treetop walks or treetop walkways – provide pedestrian access to a forest canopy. Early walkways consisted of bridges between trees in the canopy of a forest; mostly linked up with platforms inside or around the trees. They were originally intended as access to the upper regions of ancient forests for scientists conducting canopy research. Eventually, because they provided only limited, one-dimensional access to the trees, they were abandoned for canopy cranes. Today they serve as ecotourism attractions in places such as Dhlinza Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Taman Negara National Park, Malaysia, Sedim River, Kulim, Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda and Kakum National Park, Ghana.

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Doors Open Days,"Doors Open Days (also known as Open House or Open Days in some communities) provide free access to buildings not normally open to the public. The first Doors Open Day took place in France in 1984, and the concept has spread to other places in Europe (see European Heritage Days), North America, Australia and elsewhere.
Doors Open Days promotes architecture and heritage sites to a wider audience within and beyond the country's borders. It is an opportunity to discover hidden architectural gems and to see behind doors that are rarely open to the public for free.
Open Doors Days trace their origin to the 1990 Door Open Day held as part of Glasgow's  year as European City of Culture."
Honeypot (tourism),"A honeypot site is a location attractive to tourists who, due to their numbers, place pressure on the environment and local people.Honeypots are often used by cities or countries to manage their tourism industry. The use of honeypots can protect fragile land away from major cities while satisfying less discerning tourists. One such example is the construction of local parks to prevent tourists from damaging more valuable ecosystems farther from their main destination. Honeypots have the added benefit of concentrating many income-generating visitors in one place, therefore developing that area, and in turn making the area more appealing to tourists.However, honeypots can suffer from problems of overcrowding, including litter, vandalism, and strain on facilities and transport networks. Honeypots attract tourists because of parking spaces, shopping centres, parks and public toilets. The tourist shops are normally placed all over the shopping centre, which creates pressure on the whole centre to keep the place looking tidy. For example, Stratford-upon-Avon has shops that are aimed mostly at tourists.  On a particular street, there were five shops that were aimed towards the locals and ten shops catering to tourists, reflecting the business opportunity that tourism presents for shopkeepers and other business people in the local economy.

The once sleepy medieval village has attracted an increasing number of visitors over recent years and is a classic example of a tourist 'honeypot' . . . Ste. Enimie is one of these 'designated' places that are designed to attract people to it and therefore reduce the impact on the surrounding area."
Imaginarium,"An imaginarium is a place devoted to the imagination. There are various types of imaginaria, centers largely devoted to stimulating and cultivating the imagination, towards scientific, artistic, commercial, recreational, or spiritual ends.

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Kinshasa National Zoological Park,"The Kinshasa National Zoological Park (French: Parc Zoologique National de Kinshasa) or Kinshasa Zoological Garden (French: Jardin Zoologique de Kinshasa), also known as Kinshasa Zoo (French: zoo de Kinshasa), is an animal park located in the Gombe commune, next to the Kinshasa Grand Market (Marché Central) and the Kinshasa General Hospital in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The zoo is home to over 30 species of animals, including mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, and amphibians, totaling more than 129 animals.The zoo attracts approximately 1,000 visitors and serves as an educational hub, providing practical training opportunities for children and students interested in zoological science, with nearly 4,000 students from various schools in the capital taking guided tours from December to July."
Observation deck,"An observation deck, observation platform, or viewing platform is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a skyscraper or observation tower. Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coin-operated telescopes for viewing distant features."
Scenic viewpoint,"A scenic viewpoint – also called an observation point, viewpoint, viewing point, vista point, lookout, scenic overlook, etc. – is an elevated location where people can view scenery (often with binoculars) and photograph it. Scenic viewpoints may be created alongside scenic routes or mountain roads, often as simple turnouts or lay-bys where motorists can pull over onto pavement, gravel, or grass on the right-of-way.
Many viewpoints are larger, having parking areas, while some (typically on larger highways) are off the road completely. Viewing points may also be found on hill or mountain tops or on rocky spurs overlooking a valley and reached via a hiking trail. They may be protected by railings to protect the public or be enhanced by a viewing tower designed to elevate visitors above the surrounding terrain or trees in order to offer panoramic views.
Overlooks are frequently found in national parks, and in the U.S. along national parkways such as the Blue Ridge Parkway, which has numerous individually named overlooks for viewing the Blue Ridge Mountains and its valleys. Other overlooks are next to waterfalls, especially since mountain roads tend to follow streams.
Many overlooks are accessible only by trails and wooden walkways and stairs, especially in ecologically sensitive areas. These overlooks are often wooden decks, which minimize the impact on the land by reducing the need to disturb it for construction."
Tourist gateway,"A tourist gateway (sometimes called a ""Tourism Gateway"" or ""Gateway City"") is a place or settlement through which tourists typically first visit on their way to a tourist attraction or tourism region.
Tourist gateways may not offer significant attractions themselves.  Although the term suggests that they must be passed through en route, a gateway may not be the only way to reach the tourist destination. They may be the last, largest or only settlement en route to the tourist attraction or in a tourism region, the closest in proximity to, or the first encountered within a tourism region. As such, tourist gateways are often associated with a major international or domestic airport, major road, railway station or seaport.Sometimes the terms are used in the context of information, such as websites that tourist visit in order to find out more about attractions and regions.
Tourist gateways, unlike tourist destinations, may have developed a niche in their economy for the role or may have degrees of dependency on the tourist attraction or region for economic development.  As such the focus of their tourism promotion is on their role in the provision of related services, such as transport, accommodation and hospitality.  Sometimes these services can be in direct competition with those offered at the tourist attractions themselves.
Tourist gateways may also be associated with roadside attractions and tourist traps.
Often, tourist gateways are associated with a moniker such as ""Gateway to the ...""; for example, Gateway to the West."
Tourist trap,"A tourist trap is an establishment (or group of establishments) that has been created or re-purposed with the aim of attracting tourists and their money. Tourist traps will typically provide overpriced services, entertainment, food, souvenirs and other products for tourists to purchase. Tourist trap derives from the information asymmetry between tourists and the market.

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Lists of tourist attractions,The following lists of tourist attractions include tourist attractions in various countries.
List of convention and exhibition centers,The following is a list of convention and exhibition centers by country.
List of largest cuckoo clocks,"Several unusually large cuckoo clocks have been built and installed in different cities of the world with the aim of attracting visitors, as part of publicity of a cuckoo clock shop, or to serve as a landmark for the community and town.
Some have been awarded with the title of ""World's Largest Cuckoo Clock"" by the Guinness World Records."
List of Ferris wheels,List of Ferris wheels whose construction has been completed and which have opened to the public.
List of hot springs,"There are hot springs on all continents and in many countries around the world. Countries that are renowned for their hot springs include Turkey, Honduras, Canada, Chile, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Bulgaria, Japan, Taiwan, New Zealand, India, Romania, Fiji and the United States, but there are interesting and unique hot springs in many other places as well.

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List of tourist attractions providing reenactment,"The following is a list of tourist attractions, by country, that regularly use ""living history"" or historical reenactments either with professional actors or amateur groups.
Most castles which open to the public use reenactment in some form or another, even if not noted on this list. Similarly, anything labeled a Renaissance fair will use reenactment, though the level of authenticity may vary."
List of summer toboggans,"This is a list of summer toboggan installations worldwide, including both alpine slide
and mountain coaster types."
Archaeological site,"An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record. Sites may range from those with few or no remains visible above ground, to buildings and other structures still in use.
Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a ""site"" can vary widely, depending on the period studied and the theoretical approach of the archaeologist."
List of archaeological excavations by date,"This is a list of significant archaeological expeditions by date, which include first excavations at important sites, or expeditions that uncovered important objects."
List of archaeological sites beyond national boundaries,This list of archaeological sites beyond national boundaries presents archaeological sites that are not in any country.  This includes sites in international waters and international territories such as Antarctica and extraterrestrial sites.
List of archaeological sites by continent and age,"This list of archaeological sites is sorted by continent and then by the age of the site. For one sorted by country, see the list of archaeological sites by country."
Archaeological museum of Velzeke,"The archaeological museum of Velzeke (Dutch: Archeocentrum Velzeke) is a museum located on the Paddestraat in Velzeke-Ruddershove in Zottegem, Belgium. It focuses on prehistorical times and the Gallo-Roman period. The museum opened its doors in 1972.The museum is located in Velzeke, a vicus where two Roman roads crossed (Boulogne-Tongeren and Bavay-north). It is the starting point for the signposted tourist route Viae Romanae Velzeke-Bavay which follows the old Roman road to Bavay.
Archeologists found several Roman artefacts on the archaeological site next to the museum. In 1971 a bronze statue was found, known as the 'Venus of Velzeke'. A hoard of third-century Roman coins has been discovered at Velzeke, including 91 denarii (ranging in date from the reign of Septimius Severus to that of Gordian III) and 93 antoniniani (ranging in date from the reign of Elagabalus to that of Postumus). Since 2021 new excavations take place on the site. An archaeological park will be built, comprising reconstructed Roman villas and roads. In 1998 a statue of Julius Caesar was erected on the village square close to the museum."
Circular rampart,"A circular rampart (German: Ringwall) is an embankment built in the shape of a circle that was used as part of the defences for a military fortification, hill fort or refuge, or was built for religious purposes or as a place of gathering.
The period during which these structures were built ranged from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages.

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Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites,"The conservation and restoration of archaeological sites is the collaborative effort between archaeologists, conservators, and visitors to preserve an archaeological site, and if deemed appropriate, to restore it to its previous state. Considerations about aesthetic, historic, scientific, religious, symbolic, educational, economic, and ecological values all need to be assessed prior to deciding the methods of conservation or needs for restoration. The process of archaeology is essentially destructive, as excavation permanently changes the nature and context of the site and the associated information. Therefore, archaeologists and conservators have an ethical responsibility to care for and conserve the sites they put at risk.

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Huaca Huantinamarca,"The Huaca Huantinamarca is an archaeological site of the Ichma culture located in San Miguel District, in Lima, Peru. It is located on the first block of the Avenue Brígida Silva de Ochoa.
On March 27, 2002, through National Directorial Resolution No. 233, the National Institute of Culture (INC) declared Huaca Huantinamarca as Cultural Patrimony of the Nation.It is located in the lower valley of the Rímac River, 50 meters above sea level, on the periphery of the Maranga archaeological complex. This building occupies approximately 1,500 square meters and was constructed on an area of 3,652 square meters.
It has the particularity of being a truncated pyramid of a monumental nature that was built, remodelled and transformed over the years, which gives it an architectural complexity. The building is composed of various patios, enclosures and corridors, which were built during different moments in its history; and on a base of walls made of mud through a technique known as ”tapial corrido"".The huaca is surrounded by the ”Parques de la Huaca” condominium, as part of a public park, and, thanks to the work of the municipality, is considered by the neighbourhood as part of their cultural identity and history, motivating its conservation for future generations."
Mathurapur Deul,"Mathurapur Deul (Bengali: মথুরাপুর দেউল) is a monastery located in Mathurapur village of Madhukhali Upazila in Faridpur, Bangladesh. The structure is believed to have been built around the 16th century; But some speculate that it is a seventeenth-century building. In 2014, Mathurapur Deul was listed as a World Heritage Site by the Directorate of Archeology of Bangladesh."
Milton Loch,"Milton Loch is an alkaline freshwater loch located in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. In the loch and nearby are  archaeological sites including three crannogs."
Museum of the American Man,"The Museum of the American Man (Portuguese: Museu do Homem Americano) is a museum located in the municipality of São Raimundo Nonato, in the state of Piauí, which is also home to the Serra da Capivara National Park, one of the country's main archaeological conservation places, with more than 700 archaeological sites that contain paintings dated back to more than 12 thousand years ago.The building is inside the headquarters of the Museum of the American Man Foundation (FUMDHAM), which is responsible for the museum and was created from a cooperation between Brazilian and French scientists who have been working in this region since 1973. It is a non-profit organization, but works in partnership with the municipal, state, and federal governments. In addition, FUMDHAM is also a civil and philanthropic society.In early 2017, the Museum of the American Man began to be responsible for the permanent monitoring and management committee of the Serra da Capivara National Park, a shared management model instituted by the Piauí state government and Brazil's Ministry of Culture. This administration system also integrates the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) and the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (Iphan).The site's collection includes many pieces found over more than 40 years of archaeological research and work within the park. Regular updates are made, as new discoveries may be made at any time. Besides the exhibits, the museum has technical reserves, which store archeological, paleontological, zoological, and botanical pieces and materials, along with laboratories.The museum has already been named as Sérgio Motta Cultural Center and is strongly associated with the research of Niède Guidon, who discovered the site in the 1970s and created the Museum of American Man Foundation in the following decade in order to ""understand the biome of the region, the reconstitution of the human past and its adaptation to the environment, in the different environmental realities through which the region has passed, since the first occupation."""
Oppidum,"An oppidum (plural oppida) is a large fortified Iron Age settlement or town. Oppida are primarily associated with the Celtic late La Tène culture, emerging during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, spread across Europe, stretching from Britain and Iberia in the west to the edge of the Hungarian plain in the east. These settlements continued to be used until the Romans conquered Southern and Western Europe. Many subsequently became Roman-era towns and cities, whilst others were abandoned. In regions north of the rivers Danube and Rhine, such as most of Germania, where the populations remained independent from Rome, oppida continued to be used into the 1st century AD."
Promontory fort,"A promontory fort is a defensive structure located above a steep cliff, often only connected to the mainland by a small neck of land, thus using the topography to reduce the ramparts needed. Although their dating is problematic, most seem to date to the Iron Age. They are mainly found in Brittany, Ireland, the Orkney Islands, the Isle of Man, Devon, the Channel Islands and Cornwall."
Saving Our Vanishing Heritage,"Saving Our Vanishing Heritage: Safeguarding Endangered Cultural Heritage Sites in the Developing World was a report released by Global Heritage Fund on October 17, 2010. It illuminated five accelerating man-made threats facing global heritage sites in developing countries: development pressures, unsustainable tourism, insufficient management, looting, and war and conflict.
Based on these threats, the report surveyed 500 major archaeological and heritage sites in developing countries to evaluate current loss and destruction, conservation and development. It identified nearly 200 of these sites as ""At Risk” or “Under Threat,” and the following 12 as “On the Verge” of irreparable loss and destruction:
Bangladesh’s Mahasthangarh
Guatemala’s Mirador
Haiti’s Sans-Souci Palace
India’s Maluti Temples
Iraq’s Nineveh
Kenya’s Lamu
Cyprus’ Famagusta
Pakistan’s Taxila
Palestine’s Hisham’s Palace
Philippines’ Intramuros and Fort Santiago
Turkey’s Ani
Ukraine’s ChersonesosThe report's editorial committee was composed of 24 experts in global heritage conservation and sustainable development from leading universities, institutions and international agencies, including the World Archaeological Congress, Archaeological Institute of America, ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites), Stanford University, the University of Pennsylvania, University College of London, and others.
The report has garnered much attention from major media, including National Geographic, CNN, Wall Street Journal, Reuters, Huffington Post, MSNBC, USA Today, and more."
Secondary burial,"The secondary burial (German: Nachbestattung or Sekundärbestattung), or “double funeral” (not to be confused with double burial in which two bodies are interred together) is a feature of prehistoric and historic gravesites. The term refers to remains that represent an exhumation and reburial, whether intentional or accidental.
Examples of secondary burial are known from the Paleolithic period, (including the Middle Paleolithic Mousterian culture and the Upper Paleolithic Magdalenian culture) and continuing through the Mesolithic period into the Neolithic period. The mortuary practice is evident into the Iron Age, Medieval Europe, and into modern times. It has been a funerary tradition for cultures throughout the world. It was used by hunter-gatherer bands to large-scale, stratified states. Secondary burial was used by Neanderthals and by anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Secondary burial is a frequent feature of megalithic tombs and tumuli. Secondary burials were also a mortuary custom among many Native American cultures, and peoples of the Philippines."
Tal Al-Farani,"Tal Al-Farani (Arabic: تل الفراني), a place mentioned in the Torah located in Israel, about 3.5 km to the east of the Mediterranean Sea, between Ashdod and Ashkelon, and an area of about 10 hectares, was inhabited and populated during the first three stages of the ancient Bronze Age and only during the third phase of Ancient Bronze Age.
Tal Al-Farani is considered one of the archaeological sites in the town of Hamama, where this landmark is an archeological hill where the remains of a population from the Canaanite era until the Byzantine era. The excavations revealed Canaanite fortifications on this hill. The Farani Hill is located in the north-east of Hamama, Al-Abtah to the west directly from the railway line between Lod and Gaza, and this hill is located in the property of the Farani family (Hamamiya)."
Tambo Viejo,"Tambo Viejo is an archaeological site that extends over approximately 44 hectares (110 acres) in the north of the Arequipa region of southern Peru. The site presents evidence of human occupation from the Early Intermediate period, including examples of Early Nasca pottery, to structures of the Inca period and remains from the Spanish colonial period."
Toumba,"In archaeology the term Toumba (Greek: Τούμπα) or Magoula (Greek: Μαγούλα) in Thessaly is a Greek word which describes mounds created by Bronze and early Iron Age settlements in northern Greece. At first they were considered as grave mounds but excavations since the early 1900s showed that most were the remains of settlements built up century after century from the collapse and rebuilding of timber-framed mudbrick structures. They correspond to the Tell sites found in the Near East.
For example, a Toumba near Assiros in Greek Central Macedonia was occupied from 2000 BC to 900 BC. Here the earliest levels explored included a series of granaries containing one of the largest accumulations of charred crops from Prehistoric Europe. Later levels revealed many aspects of domestic life at the period including storage jars, cooking hearths, pottery and weights from upright looms. A single burial had been inserted during a short period of abandonment.  Similarly, Toumbas in other parts of  Macedonia have been found to contain fragments of processed cereal grains. These have been dated to 2100-1900 BC."
Delta Dreamflight,"Delta Dreamflight, renamed Dreamflight and then Take Flight during its final two years of operation, was an attraction located in Tomorrowland at the Magic Kingdom inside the Walt Disney World Resort, and was sponsored by Delta Air Lines. Dreamflight replaced an attraction called If You Could Fly (originally If You Had Wings), sponsored by Eastern Air Lines.

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Flight Deck (Canada's Wonderland),"Flight Deck is a steel inverted roller coaster located at Canada's Wonderland in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It originally opened in 1995 under the name Top Gun until it was renamed in 2008 to Flight Deck, after Paramount Parks sold Wonderland to Cedar Fair which necessitated the gradual removal of all Paramount names and trademarks from the theme park."
If You Had Wings,"If You Had Wings was an attraction at Walt Disney World. It was a two-person Omnimover dark ride in Tomorrowland in the Magic Kingdom, sponsored by Eastern Air Lines. It featured travel destinations throughout the Caribbean and elsewhere, all of which were serviced by Eastern. It had an eponymous theme song by Buddy Baker.

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Soarin',"Soarin', also known as Soarin' Over California, Soarin' Around The World, Soaring Over the Horizon and Soaring: Fantastic Flight, is a flight motion simulator attraction at Disney California Adventure, Epcot, Shanghai Disneyland, and Tokyo DisneySea. It employs a mechanical lift system, a 
projected presentation on an 80 ft (24 m) concave 180-degree dome screen, and artificial scents and wind to simulate a hang gliding flight over locations in six of the world's continents. Many consider it the first flying theater.
The attraction's first iteration, Soarin' Over California, was an opening-day attraction at Disney California Adventure on February 8, 2001. It took guests over several locations in California and included a pre-show on the history of California's aviation industry. It was also installed at Epcot in Walt Disney World as Soarin' in 2005. 
The current global version of the ride debuted at Shanghai Disneyland Park as Soaring Over the Horizon on June 16, 2016. The American versions were also replaced with the new film as Soarin' Around the World on June 17. A fourth attraction, Soaring: Fantastic Flight, opened at Tokyo DisneySea on July 23, 2019.  The original Soarin' Over California returned to Disney California Adventure for a limited engagement in June 2019, and its popularity led Disney to extend the run through the end of August of that year. Another limited run began February 28, 2020, as part of the park's Food & Wine Festival, but was cut short when the resort closed on March 13 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On February 13, 2022, Disney announced Soarin' Over California would return on March 4 for Disney California Adventure Annual Food & Wine Festival."
Beach,"A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, etc., or biological sources, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae. Sediments settle in different densities and structures, depending on the local wave action and weather, creating different textures, colors and gradients or layers of material.
Though some beaches form on inland freshwater locations such as lakes and rivers, most beaches are in coastal areas where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments. Erosion and changing of beach geologies happens through natural processes, like wave action and extreme weather events.  Where wind conditions are correct, beaches can be backed by coastal dunes which offer protection and regeneration for the beach.  However, these natural forces have become more extreme due to climate change, permanently altering beaches at very rapid rates. Some estimates describe as much as 50 percent of the earth's sandy beaches disappearing by 2100 due to climate-change driven sea level rise.Sandy beaches occupy about one third of global coastlines. These beaches are popular for recreation, playing important economic and cultural roles—often driving local tourism industries. To support these uses, some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, showers, shacks and bars. They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby or housing, both for permanent and seasonal residents.
Human forces have significantly changed beaches globally: direct impacts include bad construction practices on dunes and coastlines, while indirect human impacts include water pollution, plastic pollution and coastal erosion from sea level rise and climate change. Some coastal management practices are designed to preserve or restore natural beach processes, while some beaches are actively restored through practices like beach nourishment.

Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed for tourism or recreation. Preserved beaches are important biomes with important roles in aquatic or marine biodiversity, such as for breeding grounds for sea turtles or nesting areas for seabirds or penguins. Preserved beaches and their associated dune are important for protection from extreme weather for inland ecosystems and human infrastructure."
List of beaches,"This is a list of beaches of the world, sorted by country. A beach is a landform along the shoreline of an ocean, sea, lake, or river. It usually consists of loose particles, which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones. Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments. The particles comprising a beach are occasionally biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae."
Ayre (landform),"An ayre is the name used for shingle beaches found in Orkney, Shetland, the Isle of Man, Lancashire, Cumbria and Northumbria. The word is derived from the Old Norse eyrr, meaning a shingle beach or gravelly place, and may be applied to ordinary beaches, cliff-foot beaches such as the Lang Ayre in Northmavine, Shetland, spits, bars or tombolos, but only if formed of shingle. More than 130 such shingle beaches are named on Ordnance Survey maps of Shetland, but far fewer in Orkney, where most beaches are formed of sand. The word in its Old Norse form is common in Iceland, and it also occurs in a few place names in the north and west of the Scottish mainland which had a strong Norse influence, such as Eriboll (""a homestead on a shingle beach"") and in the names of several shingle banks—Salt Ayre, Green Ayre, Stake Ayre, Rabbit Ayre and Whinny Ayre—in the tidal reach of the River Lune at Lancaster.
Churchill Barrier number 4 in Orkney used a shingle spit, the Ayre of Cara on South Ronaldsay, as its southern landfall. This ayre is still named on maps, despite having all but vanished under the causeway and the sand dunes that have accumulated on its eastern side. 
The term ""ayre"" is sometimes wrongly applied to sand tombolos (e.g. St. Ninian's tombolo in Shetland) and to the lakes and lagoons impounded by bay-head bars, which are more properly called oyce in Orkney and houbs in Shetland."
Beach advisory,"A beach advisory is a warning given by a local government to avoid swimming in a body of water. Beach advisories do not automatically close bodies of water to swimmers but instead function as a warning to swimmers against swimmining at a particular site.Beach advisories are issued after unsafe levels of Enterococcus are detected at sample sites along a body of water, often resulting from high levels of fecal matter in the water. One source of waste pollution and subsequent increase in enteroccus concentration may come from migrating birds. Enterococcus bacteria is not harmful by itself, but it indicates harmful bacteria is in the water. These types of bacteria can cause gastrointestinal illnesses, resulting in vomiting and diarrhea. They may also cause upper respiratory illness as well as skin infections at an open wound.Beach advisories are also issued after chemical spills. Beach advisories are often issued after rain advisories because high amounts of rain can cause contaminated streamflow from flooding to enter a body of water and contaminate the swimming area.

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Beach cleaning,"Beach cleaning or clean-up is the process of removing solid litter, dense chemicals, and organic debris deposited on a beach or coastline by the tide, local visitors, or tourists. Humans pollute beaches with materials such as plastic bottles and bags, plastic straws, fishing gear, cigarette filters, six-pack rings, surgical masks and many other items that often lead to environmental degradation. Every year hundreds of thousands of volunteers comb beaches and coastlines around the world to clean this debris. These materials are also called “marine debris” or ""marine pollution"" and their quantity has been increasing due to anthropocentric activities.There are some major sources of beach debris such as beach users, oceans, sea drifts, and river flow. Many beach users leave their litter behind on the beaches after activities. Also, marine debris or chemicals such as raw oil drift from oceans or seas and accumulate on beaches. Additionally, many rivers bring some cities' trashes to beaches. These pollutants harm marine life and ecology, human health, and coastal tourism. Hartley et al.’s (2015) study shows that environmental education is important to eliminate many beach pollutants on beaches and the marine environment."
Beach cusps,"Beach cusps are shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern. The horns are made up of coarser material and the embayment contains finer sediment. 
They can be found all over the world and are most noticeable on shorelines with coarser sediment such as pebble beaches. However, they can occur with sediment of any size. They  nearly always occur in a regular pattern with cusps of equal size and spacing appearing along stretches of the shoreline. These cusps are most often a few metres long. However, they may reach 60 m (200 ft) across. Although the origin of beach cusps has yet to be proven, once cusps have been created they are a self-sustaining formation. This is because when an oncoming wave hits the horn of a beach cusp, it is split and forced into two directions. The crashing of the wave into the cusps slows its velocity,  causing coarser sediment to fall out of suspension and be deposited on the horns. The waves then flow along the embayments (picking up finer sediment) and run into one another in the middle. After this collision these waves attempt to flow back out to sea where they are met by incoming waves. Therefore, once the cusp is established, coarser sediment is constantly being deposited on the horn and finer sediment is being eroded away from the embayments. This process causes the horners and embayments to at least maintain their size, if not grow larger."
Beach evolution,"Beach evolution occurs at the shoreline where sea, lake or river water is eroding the land. Beaches exist where sand accumulated from centuries-old, recurrent processes that erode rocky and sedimentary material into sand deposits. River deltas deposit silt from upriver, accreting at the river's outlet to extend lake or ocean shorelines. Catastrophic events such as tsunamis, hurricanes, and storm surges accelerate beach erosion."
Beach furniture,Beach furniture is furniture designed for use with or in an urban beach or natural beach.
Beach ridge,"A beach ridge is a wave-swept or wave-deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline. It is commonly composed of sand as well as sediment worked from underlying beach material. The movement of sediment by wave action is called littoral transport. Movement of material parallel to the shoreline is called longshore transport. Movement perpendicular to the shore is called on-offshore transport. A beach ridge may be capped by, or associated with, sand dunes. The height of a beach ridge is affected by wave size and energy.
A fall in water level (or an uplift of land) can isolate a beach ridge from the body of water that created it. Isolated beach ridges may be found along dry lakes in the western United States and inland of the Great Lakes of North America, where they formed at the end of the last ice age when lake levels were much higher due to glacial melting and obstructed outflow caused by glacial ice.  Some isolated beach ridges are found in parts of Scandinavia, where glacial melting relieved pressure on land masses and resulted in subsequent crustal lifting or post-glacial rebound.  A rise in water level can submerge beach ridges created at an earlier stage, causing them to erode and become less distinct. 
Beach ridges can become routes for roads and trails, like in the case of the west coast in the Netherlands, where isolated beach ridges were formed early on in the Holocene, during the Atlanticum, behind newly formed dunes. Both the old and the new beach ridges are the only dry routes in the mids of wet peatland. Numerous settlements emerged here, some of them developed in large populous centres, like The Hague, Haarlem and Alkmaar."
Beachcombing,"Beachcombing is an activity that consists of an individual ""combing"" (or searching) the beach and the intertidal zone, looking for things of value, interest or utility. A beachcomber is a person who participates in the activity of beachcombing.
Despite these general definitions, beachcombing and beachcomber are words with multiple, but related, meanings that have evolved over time."
Beachrock,"Beachrock is a friable to well-cemented sedimentary rock that consists of a variable mixture of  gravel-, sand-, and silt-sized sediment that is cemented with carbonate minerals and has formed along a shoreline. Depending on location, the sediment that is cemented to form beachrock can consist of a variable mixture of shells, coral fragments, rock fragments of different types, and other materials. It can contain scattered artifacts, pieces of wood, and coconuts. Beachrock typically forms within the intertidal zone within tropical or semitropical regions. However, Quaternary beachrock is also found as far north and south as 60° latitude."
Blue Flag beach,"The Blue Flag is a certification by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) that a beach, marina, or sustainable boating tourism operator meets its standards.
The Blue Flag is a trademark owned by FEE, which is a not-for-profit non-governmental organisation consisting of 65 organisations in 77 member countries.
FEE's Blue Flag criteria include standards for quality, safety, environmental education and information, the provision of services and general environmental management criteria. The Blue Flag is sought for beaches, marinas, and sustainable boating tourism operators as an indication of their high environmental and quality standards.
Certificates, which FEE refers to as awards, are issued on an annual basis to beaches and marinas of FEE member countries. The awards are announced yearly on 5 June for Europe, Canada, Morocco, Tunisia, and other countries in a similar geographic location, and on 1 November for the Caribbean, New Zealand, South Africa, and other countries in the southern hemisphere.In the European Union, the water quality standards are incorporated in the EC Water Framework Directive.
As of 2016 Spain has had more blue flag beaches than any other country every year since the awards began in 1987."
Chenier,"A chenier or chénier  is a sandy or shelly beach ridge that is part of a strand plain, called a “chenier plain,” consisting of cheniers separated by intervening mud-flat deposits with marsh and swamp vegetation. Cheniers are typically 1 to 6 m high, tens of km long, hundreds of metres wide, and often wooded. Chenier plains can be tens of km wide. Cheniers and associated chenier plains are associated with shorelines characterized by generally low wave energy, low gradient, muddy shorelines, and abundant sediment supply. The name is derived from the French word for wood, “chêne,” meaning oak, which grows on chenier ridges within southwest Louisiana."
Coastal morphodynamics,"Coastal morphodynamics (i.e. the dynamics of beach morphology) refers to the study of the interaction and adjustment of the seafloor topography and fluid hydrodynamic processes, seafloor morphologies and sequences of change dynamics involving the motion of sediment.  Hydrodynamic processes include those of waves, tides and wind-induced currents.
While hydrodynamic processes respond instantaneously to morphological change, morphological change requires the redistribution of sediment.  As sediment takes a finite time to move, there is a lag in the morphological response to hydrodynamic forcing.  Sediment can therefore be considered to be a time-dependent coupling mechanism.  Since the boundary conditions of hydrodynamic forcing change regularly, this may mean that the beach never attains equilibrium. Morphodynamic processes exhibit positive and negative feedbacks (such that beaches can, over different timescales, be considered to be both self-forcing and self-organised systems), nonlinearities and threshold behaviour.
This systems approach to the coast was first developed by Wright and Thom in 1977 and finalized by Wright and Short in 1984. According to their dynamic and morphological characteristics, exposed sandy beaches can be classified into several morphodynamic types (Wright and Short, 1984; Short, 1996). There is a large scale of morphodynamic states, this scale ranges from the ""dissipative state"" to the ""reflective extremes"". 
Dissipative beaches are flat, have fine sand, incorporating waves that tend to break far from the intertidal zone and dissipate force progressively along wide surf zones. Dissipative beaches are wide and flat in profile, with a wide shoaling and surf zone, composed of finer sediment, and characterised by spilling breakers.
Reflective beaches are steep, and are known for their coarse sand; they have no surf zone, and the waves break brusquely on the intertidal zone. Reflective beaches are typically steep in profile with a narrow shoaling and surf zone, composed of coarse sediment, and characterised by surging breakers. Coarser sediment allows percolation during the swash part of the wave cycle, thus reducing the strength of backwash and allowing material to be deposited in the swash zone
Depending on beach state, near bottom currents show variations in the relative dominance of motions due to: incident waves, subharmonic oscillations, infragravity oscillations, and mean longshore and rip currents. On reflective beaches, incident waves and subharmonic edge waves are dominant. In highly dissipative surf zones, shoreward decay of incident waves is accompanied by shoreward growth of infragravity energy; in the inner surf zone, currents associated with infragravity standing waves dominate. On intermediate states with pronounced bar-trough (straight or crescentic) topographies, incident wave orbital velocities are generally dominant but significant roles are also played by subharmonic and infragravity standing waves, longshore currents, and rips. The strongest rips and associated feeder currents occur in association with intermediate transverse bar and rip topographies.
Transitions between beach states are often caused by changes in wave energy, with storms causing reflective beach profiles to flatten (offshore movement of sediment under steeper waves), thus adopting a more dissipative profile. Morphodynamic processes are also associated with other coastal landforms, for example spur and groove formation topography on coral reefs and tidal flats in infilling estuaries."
Beaches in estuaries and bays,"Beaches in estuaries and bays (BEBs) refer to beaches that exist inside estuaries or bays and therefore are partially or fully sheltered from ocean wind waves, which are a typical source of energy to build beaches. Beaches located inside harbours and lagoons are also considered BEBs. BEBs can be unvegetated or partially unvegetated and can be made of sand, gravel or shells. As a consequence of the sheltering, the importance of other sources of wave energy, including locally generated wind waves and infragravity waves, may be more important for BEBs than for those beaches on the open coast. Boat wakes, currents driven by tides, and river inflow can also be important for BEBs. When BEBs receive insufficient wave energy, they can become inactive, and stabilised by vegetation; this may occur through both natural processes and human action. BEBs exist in all latitudes from beaches located in fjords and drowned river valleys (rias) in high latitudes to beaches located in the equatorial zone like, for example, the Amazon estuarine beaches.

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Fossil beach,"A fossil beach, also known as a paleo-beach, fossil strandline or raised beach, is an ancient oceanic or lacustrine beach preserved in fossil form due to a change in water level or sea level, or because of a shift in terrain elevation. It is often present as a sediment layer or terrace, with beach-related fossils and features, above the present shoreline."
High water mark,"A high water mark is a point that represents the maximum rise of a body of water over land. Such a mark is often the result of a flood, but high water marks may reflect an all-time high, an annual high (highest level to which water rose that year) or the high point for some other division of time. Knowledge of the high water mark for an area is useful in managing the development of that area, particularly in making preparations for flood surges. High water marks from floods have been measured for planning purposes since at least as far back as the civilizations of ancient Egypt. It is a common practice to create a physical marker indicating one or more of the highest water marks for an area, usually with a line at the level to which the water rose, and a notation of the date on which this high water mark was set. This may be a free-standing flood level sign or other marker, or it may be affixed to a building or other structure that was standing at the time of the flood that set the mark.A high water mark is not necessarily an actual physical mark, but it is possible for water rising to a high point to leave a lasting physical impression such as floodwater staining. A landscape marking left by the high water mark of ordinary tidal action may be called a strandline and is typically composed of debris left by high tide. The area at the top of a beach where debris is deposited is an example of this phenomenon. Where there are tides, this line is formed by the highest position of the tide, and moves up and down the beach on a fortnightly cycle. The debris is chiefly composed of rotting seaweed, but can also include a large amount of litter, either from ships at sea or from sewage outflows.

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Beach hut,"A beach hut (also known as a beach cabin, beach box or bathing box) is a small, usually wooden and often brightly coloured, box above the high tide mark on popular bathing beaches. They are generally used as a shelter from the sun or wind, changing into and out of swimming attire and for the safe storing of some personal belongings. Some beach huts incorporate simple facilities for preparing food and hot drinks by either bottled gas or occasionally mains electricity."
Logarithmic spiral beach,"A logarithmic spiral beach is a type of beach which develops in the direction under which it is sheltered by a headland, in an area called the shadow zone. It is shaped like a logarithmic spiral when seen in a map, plan view, or aerial photograph.  These beaches are also commonly referred to as half heart beach, crenulate-shaped bay, or headland-bay beach."
Pocket beach,"A pocket beach is usually a small beach that is isolated between two headlands. There is typically very little or no exchange of sediment between the pocket beach and adjacent shorelines.
Pocket beaches can be natural or artificial. Many natural pocket beaches exist throughout the world. Artificial pocket beaches are usually constructed in areas where natural beaches are fairly narrow or absent. Examples of artificial pocket beaches include over 100 such systems on Chesapeake Bay in the United States, each consisting of several individual pocket beaches; the Fisher Key, Florida project constructed on a dredge spoil island originally consisting of cobble dredge material; and the Fred Howard Park Beach that was constructed offshore of a muddy mangrove shoreline. Additionally, there have been many pocket beaches constructed in the Caribbean where resorts have been developed along rocky shorelines with minimal natural beaches."
Raised beach,"A raised beach, coastal terrace, or perched coastline is a relatively flat, horizontal or gently inclined surface of marine origin, mostly an old abrasion platform which has been lifted out of the sphere of wave activity (sometimes called ""tread""). Thus, it lies above or under the current sea level, depending on the time of its formation. It is bounded by a steeper ascending slope on the landward side and a steeper descending slope on the seaward side (sometimes called ""riser""). Due to its generally flat shape, it is often used for anthropogenic structures such as settlements and infrastructure.A raised beach is an emergent coastal landform. Raised beaches and marine terraces are beaches or wave-cut platforms raised above the shoreline by a relative fall in the sea level.
Around the world, a combination of tectonic coastal uplift and Quaternary sea-level fluctuations has resulted in the formation of marine terrace sequences, most of which were formed during separate interglacial highstands that can be correlated to marine isotope stages (MIS).A marine terrace commonly retains a shoreline angle or inner edge, the slope inflection between the marine abrasion platform and the associated paleo sea-cliff. The shoreline angle represents the maximum shoreline of a transgression and therefore a paleo-sea level."
Surf fishing,"Surf fishing is land-based game fishing while standing on the shoreline or wading into the surf zone.  A general term, surf fishing may or may not include casting a lure or bait, and refers to all types of shore fishing – from sandy and rocky beaches, rock jetties, or even fishing piers.  The terms surfcasting or beachcasting refer more specifically to surf fishing from the beach by casting into the surf at or near the shoreline.  With few exceptions, surf fishing is done in saltwater. The most common misconception about surf fishing is the idea that one must cast as far out as possible in order to reach the fish. At beaches on the west coast of the United States, and in fact, at most beaches around the world, you only really need to get your bait into knee-deep water. This is referred to as surf fishing the ""skinny"" (the skinny water).

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Sand art and play,"Sand art is the practice of modelling sand into an artistic form, such as sand brushing, sand sculpting, sand painting, or creating sand bottles. A sandcastle is a type of sand sculpture resembling a miniature building, often a castle. The drip castle variation uses wet sand that is dribbled down to form organic shapes before the sands dries.
Most sand play takes place on sandy beaches, where the two basic building ingredients, sand and water, are available in abundance. Some sand play occurs in dry sandpits and sandboxes, though mostly by children and rarely for art forms. Tidal beaches generally have sand that limits height and structure because of the shape of the sand grains. Good sculpture sand is somewhat dirty, having silt and clay that helps lock the irregular-shaped sand grains together.

Sand castles are typically made by children for fun, but there are also sand-sculpture contests for adults that involve large, complex constructions. The largest sandcastle made in a contest was 18 feet tall; the owner, Ronald Malcnujio, a five-foot-tall man, had to use several ladders, each the height of the sandcastle. His sculpture consisted of one ton of sand and 10 litres of water to sculpt."
Sand theft,Sand theft or unauthorised or illegal sand mining leads to a widely unknown global example of natural and non-renewable resource depletion problem comparable in extent to global water scarcity. Beach theft is illegal removal of large quantities of sand from a beach leading to full or partial disappearance of the beach. In India illegal sand mining is the country's largest organized criminal activity.
Shingle beach,"A shingle beach, also known as either a cobble beach or gravel beach, is a commonly narrow beach that is composed of coarse, loose, well-rounded, and waterworn gravel, called shingle. The gravel (shingle) typically consists of smooth, spheroidal to flattened, pebbles, cobbles, and sometimes small boulders, generally in the 20 to 200 millimetres (0.8 to 7.9 in) size range. Shingle beaches typically have a steep slope on both their landward and seaward sides. Shingle beaches form in wave-dominated locations where resistant bedrock cliffs provide gravel-sized rock debris. They are also found in high latitudes and temperate shores where the erosion of Quaternary glacial deposits provide gravel-size rock fragments. This term is most widely used in Great Britain.
While this type of beach is most commonly found in Europe, examples are also found in Bahrain, North America, and a number of other world regions, such as the west coast of New Zealand's South Island, where they are associated with the shingle fans of braided rivers. Though created at shorelines, post-glacial rebound can raise shingle beaches as high as 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level, as on the High Coast in Sweden.
The ecosystems formed by this association of rock and sand allow colonization by a variety of rare and endangered species."
Storm beach,"A storm beach is a beach affected by particularly fierce waves, usually with a very long fetch. The resultant landform is often a very steep beach (up to 45°) composed of rounded cobbles, shingle and occasionally sand. The stones usually have an obvious grading of pebbles, from large to small, with the larger diameter stones typically arrayed at the highest beach elevations. It may also contain many small parts of shipwrecked boats."
Supertubos,"Supertubos (Portuguese for Supertubes) is a wave and beach located in Peniche, Portugal. The break is the site of the MEO Pro Portugal from the World Surf League Men's and Women's Championship Tour event.The wave did not come into mainstream international spotlight until the Rip Curl Pro Search Event in 2009.  It has been qualified as having 'Totally Epic' quality as a wave. 

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Urban beach,"An urban beach (also city beach and sometimes beach club) is an artificially-created environment in an urban setting which simulates a public beachfront, through the use of sand, beach umbrellas, and seating elements.  Urban beaches are designed to surprise and delight city residents, workers, and visitors by inserting a beach atmosphere into an urban area that would otherwise be typical cityscape. 
There are many variations of urban beaches.  Urban beaches are often found along waterways, though some are inserted into town squares or other spaces far from water.  The beach may be a seasonal installation over a roadway or parking lot, or it may be permanent.  It is not necessarily public land though it is always open to the general public (sometimes with a small admission fee).  As river or ocean swimming is not possible, many urban beaches include water features -- for example fountains, wading pools or misting towers -- for cooling off.  Some urban beaches feature entertainment, or food and beverage areas.  A few include sports facilities such as beach volleyball.
Most urban beaches are designed to appeal to a general population, from families to young singles to older citizens.  Although an urban beach may not have facilities for swimming, swimwear is commonly seen alongside the more usual attire seen in major urban centres.  
The popularity of urban beaches increased in the early 21st century as the concept was championed by urban planners, landscape architects and local politicians."
Wash margin,"A drift line or wrack line, also known as a wash margin or wash fringe (German: Spülsaum) is an area of the shore on which material is deposited or washed up. It often runs along the margin of a waterbody and there can be several bands due to variations in water levels. As a result of the richness of nutrients that occur in such wash fringes, ruderal species frequently occur here, that, for example, on the Baltic Sea coast consist of grassleaf orache and sea kale."
Brothel,"A brothel, bordello, ranch, or whorehouse is a place where people engage in sexual activity with prostitutes. However, for legal or cultural reasons, establishments often describe themselves as massage parlors, bars, strip clubs, body rub parlours, studios, or by some other description. Sex work in a brothel is considered safer than street prostitution."
Bordel militaire de campagne,"Bordels Mobiles de Campagne or Bordel Militaire de Campagne (both abbreviated to BMC) were mobile brothels used during World War I, World War II and the First Indochina War to supply prostitution services to French soldiers fighting in areas where brothels were unusual, such as at the front line or in isolated garrisons. The BMCs were major drivers towards the creation of prostitution regulations within the French army.
These mobile brothels were in some cases officially organised by the army. They consisted of large trailer trucks in which up to ten women would work. The first references to these BMCs were in World War I, and they are noted particularly in the Indochina War and the Algerian War. 
Almost absent in France after World War II, there were many during the Indochina War and the war in Algeria. Subsequently, only the Foreign Legion still used them but closed the last BMC on French soil, in Guyana, in 1995. The BMC in Djibouti was still operating until 2003."
German camp brothels in World War II,"In World War II, Nazi Germany established brothels in the concentration camps (Lagerbordell) to create an incentive for prisoners to collaborate, although these institutions were used mostly by Kapos, ""prisoner functionaries"" and the criminal element, because regular inmates, penniless and emaciated, were usually too debilitated and wary of exposure to Schutzstaffel (SS) schemes. In the end, the camp brothels did not produce any noticeable increase in the prisoners' work productivity levels, but instead, created a market for coupons among the camp VIPs.The women forced into these brothels came mainly from the Ravensbrück concentration camp, except for Auschwitz, which employed its own prisoners. In combination with the German military brothels in World War II, it is estimated that at least 34,140 female inmates were forced into sexual slavery during the Third Reich."
Laufhaus,"A laufhaus is a building with apartments that sex workers can rent and use as their base of operation. Laufhauses are very popular types of brothels in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. When translated, ""laufhaus"" means running-house, where lauf means to run and haus stands for house. The women who work in laufhauses are allowed to stay and sleep there even when they are not working."
Lupanar,"The Lupanar of Pompeii is the ruins of a brothel in the Ancient Roman city of Pompeii. It is of particular interest for the erotic paintings on its walls. Lupanar is Latin for ""brothel"". The Pompeii lupanar is also known as Lupanare Grande or the ""Purpose-Built Brothel"". After becoming a Roman Colony, Pompeii was closely associated with Venus a deity of sex and a mythological figure closely tied to prostitution."
Maison Weinthal,
Maxim Wien,"Maxim Wien is one of the oldest and most well known brothels in Vienna, Austria. There are around 20-25 women of different nationalities working Maxim Wien at any given time. Maxim is one of the last sex clubs still operational in Vienna. Maxim Wien is known as a ""all-in-one club,"" meaning that it is a strip, sex, and escort club. The club has a sizable reputation and is known among local and international businessmen. There is no entry fee to the club."
Palace of Ceremonies (Novocherkassk),"Palace of Ceremonies (Novocherkassk) (before 1964 - House of Happiness) is a two-storey mansion, located in Novocherkassk, on Moskovskaya street, 47."
Ranch (brothel),"Ranch is a common name used to describe a brothel, especially in western areas of the United States."
Yūkaku,"Yūkaku (遊廓) were legal red-light districts in Japanese history, where both brothels and prostitutes - known collectively as yūjo (遊女, lit. ""woman of pleasure""), the higher ranks of which were known as oiran (花魁) - recognised by the Japanese government operated. Though prostitution was, officially, legal to engage in and pay for only in these areas, there were a number of places where prostitutes and brothels operated illegally, known as Okabasho (岡場所), the generic name for all unlicensed red-light districts other than Yoshiwara (later including both Shimabara and Shinmachi).In January 1946, GHQ issued an order (SCAPIN 642) nationwide to abolish Japan's legalised system of prostitution, with brothels in the yūkaku areas having to change their names to either that of café (カフェ) or ryōtei (料亭), with the yūkaku being renamed as akasen (赤線, lit. ""red line"") districts.
Following this, the Anti-Prostitution Law (売春防止法, Baishun Bōshi Hō) was passed in 1956, before being fully enforced two years later in 1958; though the law did not criminalise all forms of sex work, the sale of sex with ""unspecified"" (meaning in this context 'unacquainted') persons was outlawed, leading to the yūkaku, and later akasen, areas to cease to exist as they once had. In spite of this, the legal sale of some sex acts and services continues to this day within Japan, circumventing the Anti-Prostitution Law either through the sale of acts that do not involve penetrative sex, or through the sale of sex only to customers who have first been 'acquainted' with prostitutes."
Auckland Harbour Bridge,"The Auckland Harbour Bridge is an eight-lane motorway bridge over the Waitematā Harbour in Auckland, New Zealand. It joins St Marys Bay on the Auckland city side with Northcote on the North Shore side. It is part of State Highway 1 and the Auckland Northern Motorway. The bridge is operated by the NZ Transport Agency (NZTA). It is the second-longest road bridge in New Zealand, and the longest in the North Island.The original inner four lanes, opened in 1959, are of box truss construction. Two lanes were added to each side in 1968–1969 are of orthotropic box structure construction are cantilevered off the original piers. The bridge is 1,020 m (3,348 ft) long, with a main span of 243.8 metres (800 feet) rising 43.27 metres (142 feet) above high water, allowing ships access to the deepwater wharf at the Chelsea Sugar Refinery, one of the few such wharves west of the bridge.
While often considered an Auckland icon, many see the construction of the bridge without walking, cycling, and rail facilities as a big oversight. In 2016, an add-on structure providing a walk-and-cycleway called SkyPath received Council funding approval and planning consent, but wasn't built. In 2021, a stand-alone walking and cycling bridge called the Northern Pathway was announced by the New Zealand Government, but also wasn't built.About 170,000 vehicles cross the bridge each day (as of 2019), including more than 1,000 buses, which carry 38% of all people crossing during the morning peak."
Bloukrans Bridge Bungy,Bloukrans Bridge Bungy is one of the world's highest commercial bungy jumping sites at 216 metres (709 ft) above the Bloukrans River.  It is situated at Bloukrans Bridge on the N2 Highway at the border between the Eastern Cape and the Western Cape in the Tsitsikamma area of  South Africa's Garden Route.  It has been operated by Face Adrenalin commercially since 1997.
Contra Dam,"The Contra Dam, commonly known as the Verzasca Dam and the Locarno Dam, is an arch dam on the Verzasca River in the Val Verzasca of Ticino, Switzerland.  The dam creates Lago di Vogorno 2 km (1.2 mi) upstream of Lake Maggiore and supports the 105 MW Verzasca hydroelectric power station. It was constructed between 1961 and 1965 and starting shortly after its reservoir was filled, a series of earthquakes related to its water load occurred until 1971. The dam is owned and operated by Verzasca SA and is the fourth tallest in Switzerland.The dam became a popular bungee jumping venue after a James Bond stuntman jumped off it in the opening scene of the 1995 film GoldenEye; a stunt voted as the best movie stunt of all time in a 2002 Sky Movies poll."
Kawarau Gorge Suspension Bridge,"The Kawarau Gorge Suspension Bridge spans the Kawarau River in the Otago region in the South Island of New Zealand. The bridge is mainly used for commercial purposes by the AJ Hackett Bungy Company for bungy jumping - the world's first commercial bungy jumping site. The bridge carries walkers, runners and bikers on the Queenstown Trail over the river."
Macau Tower,"The Macau Tower Convention and Entertainment Center (Chinese: 澳門旅遊塔會展娛樂中心; Portuguese: Centro de Convenções e Entretenimento da Torre de Macau), also known as Macau Tower (Chinese: 澳門塔; Jyutping: ou3 mun4*2 taap3; Portuguese: Torre de Macau) , is a tower located in Sé, Macau. The tower measures 338 m (1,109 ft) in height from ground level to the highest point. Its observation deck features views, restaurants, theaters, shopping malls and the Skywalk X, a walking tour around the outer rim. It offers the best view of Macau and in recent years has been used for a variety of adventurous activities. At 233 meters (764 ft), the Macau Tower's tethered ""skyjump"" and Bungee jump by AJ Hackett from the tower's outer rim, is the highest commercial skyjump in the world, and is also the second highest commercial decelerator descent facility in the world, after Vegas' Stratosphere skyjump at 252 meters (827 ft).The tower was created by Moller Architects and is one of the members of the World Federation of Great Towers. In addition to observation and entertainment, the tower is also used for telecommunications and broadcasting.  It and the Grand Lisboa hotel are the most recognizable landmarks of the Macau skyline."
Nevis Highwire Platform,"The Nevis Bungy is a bungee jumping platform in the Southern Alps near Queenstown in New Zealand's South Island. It is the third highest bungee jumping platform in the world at a height of 134 metres. It is suspended by high-tension cords, which are fixed at both ends on either side of the Nevis River valley. Its glass floor allows spectators to watch others jump. This makes it a main tourist attraction for those visiting Queenstown."
Rishikesh,"Rishikesh, also spelt as Hrishikesh, is a city near Dehradun in Dehradun district of the Indian state Uttarakhand. It is situated on the right bank of the Ganges River and is a pilgrimage town for Hindus, with ancient sages and saints meditating here in search of higher knowledge. There are numerous temples and ashrams built along the banks of the river.It is known as the ""Gateway to the Garhwal Himalayas"" and ""Yoga Capital of the World"". The city has hosted the annual ""International Yoga Festival"" on the first week of March since 1999. Rishikesh is a vegetarian-only and alcohol-free city.The Tehri Dam is located 86 km (53 mi) away from Rishikesh. Uttarkashi, a popular yoga destination, is 170 km (110 mi) uphill on the way to Gangotri. Rishikesh is the starting point for traveling to the four Chota Char Dham pilgrimage places: Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri. It is also a starting point for Himalayan tourist destinations such as Harsil, Chopta, Auli, as well as summer and winter trekking destinations like Dodital, Dayara Bugyal, Kedarkantha and Har Ki Dun.
In September 2015, the Indian Minister of Tourism Mahesh Sharma announced that Rishikesh and Haridwar would be the first ""twin national heritage cities"". As of 2021, Rishikesh has a total population of 322,825 with the tehsil including the city and its 93 surrounding villages.The city is governed by Rishikesh Municipal Corporation and tehsil."
Royal Gorge Bridge,"The Royal Gorge Bridge is a tourist attraction near Cañon City, Colorado within Royal Gorge Bridge and Park, a 360-acre (150 ha) amusement park located along the edge of the Royal Gorge around both ends of the bridge. The bridge crosses the gorge 955 feet (291 m) above the Arkansas River and held the record of highest bridge in the world from 1929 until 2001 when it was surpassed by the Duge Bridge in China. The Royal Gorge Bridge maintained the title of the world's highest suspension bridge until the Beipan River Guanxing Highway Bridge was completed in 2003, also in China. The bridge remains the highest bridge in the United States and was among the ten highest bridges in the world until 2012.The main span of the bridge between the towers is 880 feet (268 m), the total length is 1,260 feet (384 m), the width is 18 feet (5.5 m) and the towers are 150 feet (46 m) high. The steel base structure is covered with 1292 wooden planks.The bridge was built in six months between June and November 1929 at a cost of $350,000 (equivalent to $4.4 million in 2021 dollars). In 1931, the Incline Railway, or simply the Incline (also known as a funicular), was added beside the bridge to reach the bottom of the gorge. In the 1950s, a miniature railroad was built by the edge of the gorge and an aerial tram was opened in 1969. In the early 1980s, the bridge was renovated with new cable anchors, suspension rods and paint. A Skycoaster attraction was added in 2003, with riders being swung out over the edge of the gorge.In June 2013, a wildfire destroyed most of the park's buildings and the aerial tram, and damaged the Incline. The bridge sustained only slight damage to the wooden deck and was otherwise undamaged, along with the Skycoaster. The park was rebuilt and partially reopened in August 2014. The park had a grand reopening in May 2015 with new gondolas and a new zip-line crossing the gorge on the east side of the bridge."
Sky Tower (Auckland),"The Sky Tower is a telecommunications and observation tower in Auckland, New Zealand. Located at the corner of Victoria and Federal Streets within the city's CBD, it is 328 metres (1,076 ft) tall, as measured from ground level to the top of the mast, making it the second tallest freestanding structure in the Southern Hemisphere, surpassed by Autograph Tower in Jakarta, Indonesia, and the 28th tallest tower in the world. Since its completion in 1997 the Sky Tower has become an iconic landmark in Auckland's skyline, due to its height and design.
The tower is part of the SkyCity Auckland casino complex, originally built in 1994–1997 for Harrah's Entertainment. Several upper levels are accessible to the public, attracting an average of 1,150 visitors per day (over 415,000 per year)."
Souleuvre Viaduct,"Viaduc de la Souleuvre is a partially demolished railway viaduct over the Souleuvre River in La Ferrière-Harang, Normandy, France, and is now used for bungee jumping."
Zero Gravity Amusement Park,"Zero Gravity Thrill Amusement Park was an amusement park in Dallas, Texas, with rides themed around freefall and simulated flying. Owned by Amusement Management International, Zero Gravity was in operation from 1992 until 2021."
Doors Open Days,"Doors Open Days (also known as Open House or Open Days in some communities) provide free access to buildings not normally open to the public. The first Doors Open Day took place in France in 1984, and the concept has spread to other places in Europe (see European Heritage Days), North America, Australia and elsewhere.
Doors Open Days promotes architecture and heritage sites to a wider audience within and beyond the country's borders. It is an opportunity to discover hidden architectural gems and to see behind doors that are rarely open to the public for free.
Open Doors Days trace their origin to the 1990 Door Open Day held as part of Glasgow's  year as European City of Culture."
Brisbane Open House,"Brisbane Open House  is a Doors Open Days event held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia that showcases many of the city's buildings to the public. Among the buildings included are historical landmarks, galleries, office buildings, museums, places of worship and bridges. Well known buildings not usually open to the public are open for free public tours. The annual event is usually held on the first weekend in October.
The event is organised by the Queensland Government Architect, the Brisbane Development Association, and the National Trust of Queensland.Brisbane Open House is part of the Open House Worldwide annual cultural event."
Open House Brno,"Open House Brno (OHB) is a free weekend festival held annually in Brno that allows participants to visit dozens of buildings that are not typically open to the public. Every visit is free of charge. It is part of a worldwide network of Open House events, that started with Open House London in 1992,in 2003 followed Open House New York and other cities as for example later in 2011 Open House Chicago."
Doors Open Canada,"Doors Open Canada is a national program by Heritage Canada, based on the Doors Open Days concept. It aims to expose architecture and heritage through the exploration of hidden historical, architectural and cultural gems. Buildings that are normally closed to the public, or which charge an entrance fee, welcome visitors to look around for free.
The premier Doors Open event in Canada, in age and repetition, is Doors Open Ontario, which has run continuously since 2000. Since 2003, Doors Open Newfoundland and Labrador has been constantly growing, with new communities added each year."
Open House Chicago,"Open House Chicago (OHC) is a free weekend festival held annually in Chicago that allows participants to visit dozens of buildings that are not typically open to the public. The next festival will be held on 16–17 October 2021 because 2020 was scrapped caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.OHC is organized by the Chicago Architecture Foundation over a two-day period each year in mid-October. The event promotes appreciation of architecture by the general public.
OHC began in 2011 and it is part of a worldwide network of Open House events that started with Open House London in 1992. Its organizers state that event objectives include enabling participants to “venture into new neighborhoods, learn the stories of Chicago’s architecture and experience the diversity and culture of each community.” OHC is an important event for tourism in Chicago. Funding for the event comes from the Chicago Architecture Center and from corporate sponsors, government agencies, foundations, and individual donors. The event relies on approximately 2,600 volunteers to staff participating buildings."
European Heritage Days,"European Heritage Days (EHD) is a joint action of the Council of Europe and the European Commission involving all 50 signatory states of the European Cultural Convention under the motto, Europe: a common heritage. The annual programme offers opportunities to visit buildings, monuments and sites, many of which are not normally accessible to the public. It aims to widen access and foster care for architectural and environmental heritage. These events are also known as Doors Open Days and Open Doors Days in English-speaking countries.
The event began in France in 1984, with La Journée portes ouvertes dans les monuments historiques, sponsored by the Ministry of Culture. In 1985, in Granada, at the 2nd European Conference of Ministers responsible for Architectural Heritage, the French Minister of Culture proposed that the project be internationalised under the Council of Europe. The Netherlands held their first Open Monumentendag in 1987. Sweden and the Republic of Ireland joined in 1989, as well as Belgium and Scotland in 1990.
In 1991 these events were united as European Heritage Days at the initiative of the Council of Europe, supported by the EU. By 2010, 50 signatory states of the European Cultural Convention had joined the EHDs. The most recent European Heritage Days event was hosted by Armenia in September 2019.The Directorate General IV – Education, Culture and Heritage, Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe, in close cooperation with the Directorate General for Education and Culture of the European Commission, ensures the general orientation, definition and execution of the tasks to be achieved within the framework of the EHD. The Secretariat of the EHD is carried out by the Directorate of Culture and Cultural and Natural Heritage, under the responsibility of the Council of Europe's Steering Committee for Cultural Heritage."
Heritage Open Days,"Heritage Open Days (also known as HODs) is an annual celebration of England's architecture and culture that allows visitors free access to historical landmarks that are either not usually open to the public, would normally charge an entrance fee, or that are always free to visitors and always open to the public. It also includes tours, events and activities related to architecture and culture.
Heritage Open Days is England's largest festival of history and culture, bringing together over 2,500 organisations, 5,000 events and 40,000 volunteers. Heritage Open Days 2018 ran from 6-9 and 13–16 September.Heritage Open Days were established in 1994 as England's contribution to European Heritage Days, in which 49 countries now participate.Organised by volunteers (often property owners or managers), Heritage Open Days is one of England's biggest voluntary cultural events, attracting some 800,000 people every year. Until April 2009 the Civic Trust gave central co-ordination and a national voice to the event.
Heritage Open Days does not cover all of the United Kingdom but operates only across England, except in London, which stages a separate event, Open House London, usually on the following weekend, the third weekend of September. In Scotland, Doors Open Days are held during September."
Open House London,"Open House London is an annual festival celebrating the architecture and urban landscape of London. It is staged by the charity Open City which campaigns to make London a more accessible, equitable and open city. During the Open House festival, many buildings considered to be of architectural significance open their doors for free public tours.
The 2019 event featured over 800 buildings, neighbourhood walks, architects' talks, cycle tours, and more. Well-known buildings not usually open to the public which were open on Open House weekend in 2005, for example, included Marlborough House, Lancaster House, Mansion House, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and Horse Guards.
In a typical year, Open House Weekend attracts around 250,000 people.
Outside of the Open House festival, Open City organises other projects including year-round tours, lectures and educational events for children and young people.
The 2020 Open House festival featured a diverse set of events to attend both virtually and physically. Changes were made to ensure Open House was safe and comfortable in line with government guidelines.
The 2023 edition will take place between 6 and 17 September.

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Manchester Curious,"Manchester Curious is an event which promotes appreciation of architecture in Manchester by the general public. It is inspired by similar Open-City events and first appeared in Manchester in October 2015.  Heritage Open Days is a similar event covering the rest of England, and takes place the previous month to Manchester Curious.The Manchester Curious is usually held in early October. 2016 will see the second event building upon the original 28 events available in 2015.
Manchester Curious differs to other open house events as it charges a nominal fee for each event, rather than providing a brochure that gives access (as in London)."
Open House Melbourne,"Open House Melbourne (OHM) is an event held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia that showcases many of the city's buildings to the public. This annual event is held on the last weekend in July since 2008.
Open House Melbourne is also a not-for-profit association that runs the Open House Weekend, as well as an annual program of events, providing the public a free and rare opportunity to discover a hidden wealth of architectural, engineering and historic buildings nestled around the city. Residents, visitors, families, design buffs, and architecture fans can explore great contemporary, historic and sustainable buildings and spaces located in and around the Melbourne City Centre, Carlton, East Melbourne, Southbank and Docklands. Well known buildings not usually open to the public are open for free public tours. Among the buildings included are historical landmarks, contemporary buildings, galleries, theatres, sporting grounds and places of worship.
The inaugural Open House Melbourne 2008 event saw 8 buildings open and more than 30,000 visits across the day. Since then, the event has grown and the 2010 event expanded to 59 buildings, incorporating Docklands in addition to Melbourne’s CBD, and attracted almost 65,000 visitors.In the 2011 event 75 buildings opened their doors and attracted 100,000
visitors.For its fifth year, the 2012 event featured 100 buildings and attracted 135,000
visitors.In the 2013 event 111 buildings opened over the weekend and attracted 130,000 visitors.The 2016 event featured over 100 buildings.The 2019 event featured over 200 buildings and 45 special events, tours and talks.Open House Melbourne is an initiative of the Committee for Melbourne Future Focus Group. In 2017 Open House Melbourne held the Open House Ballarat Weekend, the first regional program run by Open House Melbourne, in partnership with City of Ballarat and Visit Ballarat. In 2018 and 2019 the organisation also held Open House Bendigo in partnership with The City of Greater Bendigo."
Open House New York,"Open House New York (OHNY) is a cultural nonprofit organization that holds annual Doors Open Days. It was founded in 2001 in New York City.

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Doors Open Ottawa,"Doors Open Ottawa is an annual event held in the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that gives the public access to many of the city's unique and historically significant buildings. Among the buildings included are government offices, museums, radio stations, places of worship, embassies, and historical landmarks. It is the second-oldest Doors Open event in North America; after Doors Open Toronto.Admission is free of charge. Doors Open Ottawa has recorded nearly 850,000 visits since it began in 2002.More than 140 buildings took part in the 2018 event and over 140 buildings were expected to take part in 2019.Because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa, Doors Open Ottawa 2020 was cancelled, and the 2021 event was offered virtually. The 2022 event is being offered in a hybrid format, with some in-person and some virtual content."
Doors Open Saskatoon,"Doors Open Saskatoon is a biannual event held in the City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, that gives the public access to many of the city's unique or historically significant buildings. Admission is free of charge.  The one day even occurs every two years.   The fifth doors open even occurred in Saskatoon in 2011.Over 20 buildings were included in the 2011 event.  Some of the buildings included:
2nd Avenue Lofts
Avenue Building
Drinkle Building
HMCS Unicorn
Hotel Senator
John Deere Building
Kindrachuk Agrey Building
Marr Residence
Odd Fellows Temple Building
Remai Arts Centre
Saskatoon Public Schools Head-office"
Tag des offenen Denkmals,The Tag des offenen Denkmals (Day of Open Monuments) is an annual event all over Germany. The day of action has been coordinated by the Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz since 1993. Historic monuments are open to the public free of charge. It takes place on the second Sunday in September and attracts several million visitors each year. The largest cultural event in Germany is the contribution of the country to the European Heritage Days.
Open House Tel Aviv,"Open House Tel Aviv (Batim MiBifnim, lit. ""Houses From Within"") happens over the course of a weekend annually in Tel Aviv, Israel, in which different buildings, landmarks and private residences open their doors to the general public to offer a free glimpse of architecture in the past and present, with a preview of design for the future. It is one of many Open House events that take place in cities such as London and New York City, originally started in France in 1984."
Doors Open Toronto,"Doors Open Toronto is an annual event where approximately 150 buildings of architectural, historic, cultural, and social significance to the city of Toronto open their doors to the public for this free citywide event. Toronto was the first city in North America to launch a Doors Open Day program. Staff at many participating buildings organize guided tours, exhibits, displays, and activities to enrich the visitor experience."
Visit My Mosque,"Visit My Mosque day is a national initiative facilitated by the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB), encouraging mosques across the United Kingdom to hold mosque open days.
The Muslim Council of Britain is a representative Muslim umbrella organization with over 500 affiliated national, regional and local organisations, mosques, charities and schools
It runs annually and aims to encourage all mosques in the UK to host an open day at least once a year. Further aims include dispelling misconceptions about Islam, making members of the British public more aware of their Muslim neighbours and increasing community cohesion in cities and towns across the UK.Starting with about 20 mosques in 2015, it grew to over 80 mosques in 2016 and over 150 mosques in 2017. The 2017 event highlighted social action initiatives including feeding the homeless, blood donation drives, working with refugees and food collection drives for local food banks.""Visit My Mosque day"" in 2018 saw more than 200 mosques take part in the initiative, under the theme ""Open Doors | Open Mosques | Open communities"". A YouGov poll, commissioned by the MCB found that 90% of Britons had not been inside a mosque in recent years. The poll also found that 70% of Britons have not been inside another faith's place of worship. The theme was all about letting the local community know that they are welcome, while encouraging other places of worship to uphold an open door policy at least once a year also. Visit My Mosque day is reported widely in the national and international press. Mosques from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland take part.Many mosques in the United Kingdom hold open days or tours for neighbours, schools and members of the public regularly and many have open door policies. Visit My Mosque day is essentially an initiative whereby mosques time their open days to be on the same day of the year."
Entertainment district,"An entertainment district is a type of arts district with a high concentration of movie theaters, theatres or other entertainment venues. Such areas may be officially designated by local governments with functional zoning regulations, as well as public and private investment in distinctive urban design."
Ashton Lane,"Ashton Lane is a cobbled backstreet in the West End of Glasgow. It is connected to Byres Road by a short linking lane beside Hillhead subway station and is noted for its bars, restaurants and a licensed cinema.

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Boat Quay,"Boat Quay is a historical quay in Singapore which is situated upstream from the mouth of the Singapore River on its southern bank. It spans from the shophouses near UOB Plaza, stretching along one bank of the Singapore River, all the way till Elgin Bridge.
It was the busiest part of the old Port of Singapore, handling three-quarters of all shipping business during the 1860s. Because the south of the river here resembles the belly of a carp, which according to Chinese belief is where wealth and prosperity lay, many shophouses were built, crowded into the area.
Though serving aquatic trade is no longer Boat Quay's primary role, the shophouses on it have been carefully conserved and now house various bars, pubs and restaurants. Therefore, Boat Quay's social-economic role in the city has shifted away from that of trade and maritime commerce, and now leans towards more of a role accommodated for tourism and aesthetics for the commercial zone of which encloses the Singapore River. It is the soft front to the cosmopolitan banking and financial sectors lying immediately behind it.
Boat Quay is also the name of the road along the quay, which has since been converted into a pedestrian mall."
"Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo","Ciudad Vieja (Spanish pronunciation: [θjuˈðað ˈβjexa], Old City) is a historic neighbourhood in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay. Located in a peninsula at the entrance of the natural port of Montevideo it was founded in 1724 as a walled city by the Spanish Empire, after the independence of Uruguay the city rapidly grew outwards and the Ciudad Vieja remained as one of the central neighbourhoods, nowadays it serves as one of the main office districts of Montevideo, housing multiple banks and institutions, but also as one of the main tourist attractions in Uruguay due to its historical significance and classical architecture."
"Courtenay Place, Wellington","Courtenay Place is the main street of the Courtenay Quarter in the Wellington inner-city district of Te Aro.
Courtenay Place is known for its entertainment and nightlife. Many restaurants are open late and most of the bars stay open until dawn. It contains offices, accommodation, tourist shopping, entertainment, food, art and buskers offering many genres of free performance. Pedestrian traffic is substantial around the clock."
El Viñedo,"El Viñedo is a neighborhood in northern Valencia, Venezuela. It is home to many of the city's best restaurants and nightclubs; this area is known as ""La calle de los cafés"" (Café Street). El Viñedo is home to many of Valencia's best hotels: the new Embassy Suites hotel is in El Viñedo and is widely regarded as one of Valencia's best; additionally the Ucaima Hotel is located in El Viñedo. Valencia's Avenida Bolivar borders El Viñedo and once the situation with the city's metro is solved the area will become easier to access from other zones of Valencia."
"Gazi, Athens","Gazi (Greek: Γκάζι, pronounced [ˈga.zi]; formerly Γκαζοχώρι Gazochori or Φωταέριο Fotaerio) is a neighborhood of Athens, Greece. It surrounds the old Athens gasworks, which is the industrial museum and exhibition space ""Technopolis"", widely known as Gazi, next to Keramikos and close to the Acropolis."
"Golden Mile, Durban","The Golden Mile (or, colloquially, ""The Mile"") is the popular stretch of beachfront in the city of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, including the promenade that runs along with it. It runs roughly from uShaka Beach (where the uShaka Marine World is located) in Point Waterfront to Suncoast Casino and Entertainment World in the north and now includes a route directly to Moses Mabhida Stadium. It abuts the central business district of the city to its west. 
It is one of the main tourist attractions in the Durban area. The wide stretch of golden sands, artificially separated by various piers, provides opportunities for sun-worshippers and swimmers to enjoy the sub-tropical sunshine and warm waters of the Indian Ocean. Most of the Mile's beaches are protected year-round by lifeguards and shark nets. The Mile is also a well-known surfer's haven. The South Beach end, in particular, is well known as a safe beach for neophyte surfers. The beachfront properties are a mix of residential apartments and tourist hotels, development of which boomed in the 1970s, although remnants of Durban's art-deco architecture are still evident. Interspersed among the beachfront properties are several popular restaurants and nightclubs.
The Golden Mile has long been a popular domestic holiday destination and during the holiday seasons (June–July and December–January) 
South Africans from across the country, but in particular the Gauteng region, flock to enjoy its attractions and those of the longer beachfront area, which include:

Blue Lagoon, a popular hangout, picnic and fishing spot
Mini Town with a miniature replica of Durban, complete with a working miniature railway and airport.
Moses Mabhida Stadium
Traditional market vendors and other hawkers with a selection of Zulu art and crafts.
An oceanway pavement along the beaches to encourage more people to enjoy walking and cycling.
Suncoast Casino and Entertainment World, a casino complex with a semi-private beach, restaurants, shops and public entertainment facilities.
uShaka Marine World aquarium, water park, dolphinarium, containing a restaurant with the largest shark tank in the world.
North Beach, Dairy Beach, the Bay of Plenty, Snake Park, Pirates and Country Club beaches are popular surfing beaches separated by the piers.
The Skate Park in front of the Bay of Plenty caters for skateboarders, roller bladers and BMX'ers.
The Surfing Museum, a historical site cataloguing some of Durban's surfing history.The street that runs alongside the Golden Mile is divided between Snell Parade in the north, O.R. Tambo Parade (formerly named, and still widely referred to, as Marine Parade) and Erskine Terrace in the south."
"Grund, Luxembourg","Grund (Luxembourgish: Gronn) is a quarter in central Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. It is located in the valley below the centre of Luxembourg City on the banks of the Alzette river. In addition to being a picturesque area, it is a popular nightlife precinct which can be accessed by foot or via a lift which descends through the cliff.
As of 31 December 2019, the quarter has a relatively small population of 957 inhabitants, of whom 42.53% are Luxembourgers. Grund is home to Mosconi, a one-star Michelin restaurant which specialises in pasta."
Ish-Blloku,"Ish-Blloku (English: Ex-Block), commonly Blloku (English: Block), is an upmarket area in Tirana, Albania. It widely known as an entertainment destination with its boutiques, shops, restaurants, trendy bars, pubs, and cafes. The area is part of the neighbourhood of Tirana e Re in southwestern Tirana. During the peak summer months, its trendy bars transfer along the Albanian Riviera.
It became very attractive after the fall of Communism in Albania, because during the communist period it was a restricted residential area for the members of the Albanian politburo, ordinary Albanians would not be allowed in. On most maps it was unmarked. In Bllokux one can still find the residence of Albania’s communist leader Enver Hoxha.
Since the fall of communism in Albania, a dramatic growth of new developments has taken place, with many new exclusive flats and apartments. Ish-Blloku has been called the ""playground of the young Albanian elite"".Blloku is quite a small, walking neighborhood, easily accessible from different parts of Tirana. The entrance of Blloku is only 10–15 minutes by foot from the city centre of Tirana.
The first international fast food chain (KFC) in Albania, were also opened at Ish-Blloku and Tirana East Gate.
Landmarks in Tirana
Neighborhoods of Tirana"
Paceville,"Paceville (PAH-chuh-vil sometimes abbreviated PV) is a district in St Julian's which is the main nightlife hub in Malta, being heavily populated with nightclubs, bars, stripclubs, pubs and restaurants, it is hence also known as 'Malta's Sin City'. Paceville is located between Spinola Point and Dragonara Point, delimiting Spinola Bay and St. George's Bay respectively. Paceville is seen as a party destination in Europe and is a popular place for locals and tourists alike. 
In 2016, it was estimated that Paceville's population stood around 1,939, of which 1,160 were foreigners."
Rama IX Road,"Rama IX Road, also written as Rama 9 Road (Thai: ถนนพระราม 9, RTGS: Thanon Phra Ram Kao) is one main road in east Bangkok. It starts at Rama IX Intersection, where Ratchadaphisek meet Asok-Din Daeng Roads and acted a boundary between Din Daeng and Huai Khwang Districts, then eastward through  Watthana Tham Junction, through the crossroad of Pradit Manutham and intersects with Ramkhamhaeng Road in Bang Kapi District to the end at Srinakarin Interchange, the starting point of Srinakarin Road in the area of Suan Luang District, Motorway 7 (commonly known as Motorway) is a continuous route. Total distance is about 8.7 km (5.4 mi).The phase between Ramkhamhaeng Intersection to Srinakarin Interchange, it has the status of National Highway 343, formerly under the supervision of the Department of Highways. Currently under the supervision of Bangkok (BMA). The distance from the crossing of Khlong Chuad Yai, it runs parallel to the Si Rat Expressway in form of frontage road all the route.
Its named in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) (reigning 1946–2016). It is regarded as one of the Rama Series Road, consisting of Rama I, Rama II, Rama III, Rama IV, Rama V, Rama VI, and Rama IX is the last.The road was opened in 1978 under the unofficial name ""Liap Khlong Samsen Fang Nuea Road"" (ถนนเลียบคลองสามเสนฝั่งเหนือ, ""northern Samsen waterside road"").Rama IX Road is considered to be one of Bangkok's nightlife spots like the neighbouring Ratchadaphisek Road, especially in the 1990s (before 1997 Asian financial crisis) many nightclubs were operating on this road. They are known among Thai people as ""café"".Bordering the road are Phra Ram 9 MRT Station, MCOT Public Company Limited (MCOT), Government Housing Bank (GH Bank), Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand (MRTA), Royal City Avenue (RCA), Rama IX Super Tower, etc."
Royal City Avenue,"Royal City Avenue or RCA is one of Bangkok's largest entertainment and clubbing areas. 
Located on in Huai Khwang district, RCA is a long street located between Rama IX Road and Phetchaburi Road. It contains a multitude of bars, nightclubs and live music venues. RCA, a government designated Entertainment Zone, is frequently visited by young people."
Rue de Berne,"Rue de Berne is a street situated in down town Geneva, Switzerland, located in the popular and multicultural quarter of Les Pâquis on the right bank (Rive droite) of the Lake Geneva and the Rhone, near the railway station of Cornavin. Les Pâquis are known for night life, cafés and is the most multi-cultural part of Geneva.La rue de Berne has several restaurants, bars, hotels, cabarets, brothels and sex shops. Several Arab, Turkish, Chinese, Portuguese, Thai, Indian, Italian and Swiss restaurants are spread in and around the street making it one of the best places in Geneva for dining out. It is known as ""the hip part of town""."
Shilin Night Market,"Shilin Night Market (Chinese: 士林夜市; pinyin: Shìlín Yèshì) is a night market in Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan, often considered to be the largest and most famous night market in Taiwan.

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Singapore Sports Hub,"The Singapore Sports Hub (Chinese: 新加坡体育城; Malay: Hab Sukan Singapura; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் விளையாட்டு மையம்) is a sports and recreation district in Kallang, Singapore. The Sports Hub is a 35-hectare public-private partnership that is anchored by the new National Stadium and existing Singapore Indoor Stadium, and also incorporates a new aquatics facility, indoor sports hall, water sports centre, public sports facilities, and retail.
The Sports Hub opened to the public on 30 June 2014, and is currently connected to the Stadium and Kallang MRT stations."
Skadarlija,"Skadarlija (Serbian Cyrillic: Скадарлија) is a vintage street, an urban neighborhood and former municipality of Belgrade, Serbia, located in the Belgrade  municipality of Stari Grad (Old Town). Skadarlija partially preserves the ambience of traditional urban architecture, including archaic urban organization, and is known as the main bohemian quarter of Belgrade, similar to Montmartre in Paris. Since 1967, Skadarlija has been protected by law as a spatial cultural-historical unit.After Kalemegdan, Skadarlija is the second-most visited tourist attraction in Belgrade, contributing one third of the city's foreign-currency income."
Te Aro Entertainment District,
"Temple Bar, Dublin","Temple Bar (Irish: Barra an Teampaill) is an area on the south bank of the River Liffey in central Dublin, Ireland. The area is bounded by the Liffey to the north, Dame Street to the south, Westmoreland Street to the east and Fishamble Street to the west. It is promoted as Dublin's 'cultural quarter' and, as a centre of Dublin's city centre's nightlife, is a tourist destination. Temple Bar is in the Dublin 2 postal district."
Žižkov,"Žižkov (German: Zischkaberg or Zizkow, between 1939 and 1945 Veitsberg) is a cadastral district of Prague, Czech Republic. 
Most of Žižkov lies in the municipal and administrative district of Prague 3, except for very small parts which are in Prague 8 and Prague 10. Prior to 1922, Žižkov was an independent city. The district is named after Hussite military leader Jan Žižka. It is situated south of Vitkov hill, site of the Battle of Vitkov Hill on 14 July 1420, where Žižka's peasant army decisively defeated the forces of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor."
Zrće,"Zrće (Croatian pronunciation: [ˈzrtɕɛ], [ˈzrtʃɛ]) is a long pebble beach on the Adriatic island of Pag and is located on the Dalmatian coast. Zrće is located near the town of Novalja and the area of Gajac, about 2 kilometres (1 mile) from the town's center. It is one of over 100 Blue Flag beaches in Croatia, having received the award back in 2003.
Zrće beach is a leading Croatian summer destination for partygoers, with many discotheques and beach bars operating during summer months. It regularly features house, EDM, hardstyle, r'n'b, hip-hop and trance DJs at the peak of the Croatian summer season. Zrće Beach are home to clubs as: Aquarius, Kalypso, Papaya, and Noa Beach club.  Activities include bungee jumping, jet-ski, party boats and inflatable catapults."
Anvil firing,"Anvil firing (also known as anvil launching or anvil shooting) is the practice of firing an anvil into the air with gunpowder.
It is a traditional event held in New Westminster to celebrate Queen Victoria's birthday.In the United Kingdom, the term refers to a method of testing anvils. Black powder was poured onto the top of the anvil and ignited. If the anvil did not shatter, it was deemed safe to use."
Marathon (media),"A marathon is an event in which viewers or readers engage many hours' worth of media (film, television, books, YouTube videos etc.) in a condensed time period. This phrase represents a two-fold shift from binge-watch in that it incorporates other media (not just television) and it reduces the negative connotations associated with bingeing. In the 2014 book Media Marathoning: Immersions in Morality, Lisa Perks describes media marathoning as a ""comprehensive and complimentary phrase"" that ""connotes a conjoined triumph of commitment and stamina. This phrase also captures viewers' or readers' engrossment, effort, and sense of accomplishment surrounding their media interaction."" Netflix executive Todd Yellin is quoted as saying ""I don't like the term 'binge,' because it sounds almost pathological. 'Marathon' sounds more celebratory.""Media marathons can be organized around particular series, particular artists (e.g., Kurosawa or Hitchcock), or genres (e.g., horror films or chick flicks). Marathons can be user-created: one person decides to undertake a marathon solo or to organize a group marathon. Marathons may also be producer-created. Producer-created marathons are usually orchestrated by movie theaters, fan sites, or by cable channels that show already-run seasons, and, more recently, with original first-run programming through streaming services (such as Netflix's House of Cards). In television, a marathon is an extension of the concept of block programming.

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PitchYaGame,"PitchYaGame or #PitchYaGame (sometimes abbreviated to PYG) is a volunteer movement hosted on the social media platform Twitter to showcase, and present awards for, independent video games from around the world."
Walking with Dinosaurs − The Arena Spectacular,"Walking with Dinosaurs − The Arena Spectacular was a live adaptation of the award-winning television series Walking with Dinosaurs. Like the TV series, The Arena Spectacular has to recreate dinosaurs to the point of the viewers accepting the creatures as real. Created by late renowned Artistic Director and Visionary - William ‘Bill’ May. The show played its last show on 22 December 2019 at the Taipei Arena."
Auditorium,"An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theatres, the number of auditoria (or auditoriums) is expressed as the number of screens.  Auditoria can be found in entertainment venues, community halls, and theaters, and may be used for rehearsal, presentation, performing arts productions, or as a learning space."
Folly,"In architecture, a folly is a building constructed primarily for decoration, but suggesting through its appearance some other purpose, or of such extravagant appearance that it transcends the range of usual garden buildings.
Eighteenth-century English landscape gardening and French landscape gardening often featured mock Roman temples, symbolising classical virtues. Other 18th-century garden follies represented Chinese temples, Egyptian pyramids, ruined medieval castles or abbeys, or Tatar tents, to represent different continents or historical eras. Sometimes they represented rustic villages, mills, and cottages to symbolise rural virtues. Many follies, particularly during times of famine, such as the Great Famine in Ireland, were built as a form of poor relief, to provide employment for peasants and unemployed artisans.
In English, the term began as ""a popular name for any costly structure considered to have shown folly in the builder"", the Oxford English Dictionary's definition. Follies are often named after the individual who commissioned or designed the project. The connotations of silliness or madness in this definition is in accord with the general meaning of the French word folie; however, another older meaning of this word is ""delight"" or ""favourite abode"".  This sense included conventional, practical buildings that were thought unduly large or expensive, such as Beckford's Folly, an extremely expensive early Gothic Revival country house that collapsed under the weight of its tower in 1825, 12 years after completion.
As a general term, ""folly"" is usually applied to a small building that appears to have no practical purpose or the purpose of which appears less important than its striking and unusual design, but the term is ultimately subjective, so a precise definition is not possible."
El Capricho,"El Capricho is a villa in Comillas (Cantabria), Spain, designed by Antoni Gaudí. It was built in 1883–1885 for the summer use of a wealthy client, Máximo Díaz de Quijano, who died a year before the house was completed.
Gaudí, who designed only a small number of buildings outside Catalonia, was involved with other projects at Comillas. He was the assistant of Joan Martorell on another summer residence, the palacio de Sobrellano.
El Capricho belongs to the architect's orientalist period, during the beginnings of Gaudi's artwork. El Capricho allows to see all the foundations on which Modernisme is based, anticipating Europe's avant-garde Art Nouveau. The tower has been compared to a minaret. After the death of Máximo Díaz de Quijano, this building was used such as a summer house for the most economically and politically powerful people.The building fell into disrepair after the Spanish Civil War, a state in which it continued despite being declared a National Monument in 1969. In 1977, the last descendant of the López-Díaz de Quijano family sold the property and it was restored and turned into a restaurant in 1988. Finally, in 2009, the building became a museum."
Exedra,"An exedra (plural: exedras or exedrae) is a semicircular  architectural recess or platform, sometimes crowned by a semi-dome, and either set into a building's façade or free-standing. The original Greek sense (ἐξέδρα, a seat out of doors) was applied to a room that opened onto a stoa, ringed with curved high-backed stone benches, a suitable place for conversation. An exedra may also be expressed by a curved break in a colonnade, perhaps with a semicircular seat.
The exedra would typically have an apsidal podium that supported the stone bench. The free-standing (open air) exedra, often supporting bronze portrait sculpture, is a familiar Hellenistic structure, characteristically sited along sacred ways or in open places in sanctuaries, such as at Delos or Epidaurus. Some Hellenistic exedras were built in relation to a city's agora, as in Priene. Monument architects have also used this free-standing style in modern times."
Fantastic architecture,"Fantastic architecture is an architectural style featuring attention-grabbing buildings. Such buildings can be considered as works of art, and are normally built purely for the amusement of its owner. Architects that employed this style include Antoni Gaudí, Bruno Taut, and Hans Poelzig.Fantastic architecture should not be confused with novelty architecture. While both styles have unusual, attention-grabbing designs, novelty architecture is meant to be an advertisement for the business inside, such as buildings with a giant donut on the roof. Fantastic architecture, on the other hand, serves no other purpose than the personal amusement of its builder."
Goat tower,"A goat tower is a multi-story decorative goat house, modeled on a European garden folly, an early example of which was built in Portugal in the 19th century. The first goat tower was built at Aveleda, a winery in Portugal's Vinho Verde region. Since 1981, several other goat towers have been built in South Africa, Norway, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Argentina; these include three at other wineries. The towers typically are multi-story with climbing ramps spiralling the exterior and often become tourist attractions."
Iulia Hasdeu Castle,"The Iulia Hașdeu Castle is a folly built in the form of small castle by historian and politician Bogdan Petriceicu Hașdeu in the city of Câmpina, Romania. Work on it began in 1893, after Hasdeu's daughter, Iulia Hasdeu, died at the age of 19, an event that dramatically shook Hasdeu's life. He claimed that his late daughter provided the plans for building the castle during sessions of spiritism. The building was completed in 1896.
The Castle, which needed a lot of repair even when Hașdeu was alive, was affected by the First World War and in 1924 the People's Atheneum of Câmpina ""B.P.Hasdeu"" tried to take it for restoration. The castle was affected again by the Second World War and stayed in a damaged state till 1955, when its name was written in the Listing of Historical Monuments.Since 1994 the Iulia Hașdeu Castle has housed the ""B.P. Hașdeu” Memorial Museum which displays furniture and personal belongings of the Hașdeu family including photos, original documents, manuscripts, Hasdeu's reviews and pictures made by Nicolae Grigorescu and Sava Henția."
Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape,"The Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape (also Lednice–Valtice Area or Lednice–Valtice Complex, Czech: Lednicko-valtický areál) is a cultural-natural landscape complex of 283.09 square kilometres (109.30 sq mi) in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It comprises the municipalities of Lednice, Valtice and Hlohovec, and the rural area of Břeclav.
In 1996, the Lednice-Valtice Area was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List because of its unique mix of Baroque, Neolassical, and neo-Gothic architecture, and its history as a cultural landscape designed intentionally by a single family. It is adjacent to the Pálava Landscape Protected Area (Pálava Biosphere Reserve), a biosphere reserve registered by UNESCO several years before. The close proximity of two cultural landscapes protected by UNESCO is unique."
Maison carrée d'Arlac,"The Maison carrée d'Arlac is a neoclassical folly building constructed between 1785 and 1789, in the town of Mérignac just outside Bordeaux, France. It was built for Bordeaux banker Charles Peixotto."
Monument to Sir Alexander Ball,"The Monument to Sir Alexander Ball (Maltese: Il-Monument ta' Sir Alexander Ball) is a neoclassical monument in the Lower Barrakka Gardens in Valletta, Malta. It was built in 1810 as a memorial to Sir Alexander Ball, a British admiral who was the first Civil Commissioner of Malta. Attributed to the architect Giorgio Pullicino, the monument is in the form of an ancient Greek temple."
Olive Jinja,"Olive Jinja (峰俐富神社 or オリーブ神社) is a Greek-style Shinto shrine on the island of Shōdoshima in the Inland Sea, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Constructed in 1973 and standing amidst a grove of olives - a thriving industry on the island - the shrine takes the form of a replica Greek temple, with stylobate, Doric columns, entablature with triglyphs, and bronze pedimental reliefs. There is an annual festival with Greek themes. The shrine is located within Setonaikai National Park."
Swallow's Nest,"The Swallow's Nest (Ukrainian: Ластівчи́не гніздо́, romanized: Lastivchýne hnizdó; Russian: Ласточки́но гнездо́, romanized: Lastochkíno gnezdó) is a decorative castle located at Gaspra, a small spa town  between Yalta and Alupka on the Crimean peninsula. It was built between 1911 and 1912, on top of the 40-metre-high (130 ft) Aurora Cliff, in a Neo-Gothic design by the Russian architect Leonid Sherwood for the Baltic German businessman Baron von Steingel.
The castle overlooks the Cape of Ai-Todor on the Black Sea coast and is located near the remains of the Roman castrum of Charax. The Swallow's Nest is one of the most popular visitor attractions in Crimea, having become the symbol of Crimea's southern coastline."
Game reserve,"A game reserve (also known as a wildlife preserve or a game park) is a large area of land where wild animals live safely or are hunted in a controlled way for sport. If hunting is prohibited, a game reserve may be considered a nature reserve; however, the focus of a game reserve is specifically the animals (fauna), whereas a nature reserve is also, if not equally, concerned with all aspects of native biota of the area (plants, animals, fungi, etc.).
Many game reserves are located in Africa. Most are open to the public, and tourists commonly take sightseeing safaris. Historically, among the best-known hunting targets were the so-called Big Five game in Africa: rhinoceros, elephant, Cape buffalo, leopard, and lion, named so because of the difficulty and danger in hunting them.In a game reserve, ecosystems are protected and conservation is usually key. Indigenous wildlife in its natural habitat help in providing an environment where growth in numbers at a natural rate can occur.
Some game reserves contain several ecosystems, ranging from valley bushveld, savannah grassland and fynbos to riverine forest and acacia woodland; this provides a dramatic improvement on the types of wildlife that are present and the numerous species of birds that thrive in these environments."
Abokouamekro Game Reserve,"The Abokouamekro Game Reserve is a protected area located in Côte d'Ivoire.   It was established in 1993. The fauna reserve covers 135 km2 (52 sq mi).The reserve was created in 1986 and is home to many wild animals that have been considered extinct in the Ivory Coast for several decades. 
Poaching continues to pose a threat to the park's ecosystem."
Enfield Old Park,"Enfield Old Park was an ancient deer park located in Enfield. It is mentioned in the Domesday Book. The Domesday Book mentions only one other Park in Middlesex, at Ruislip, and according to Historic England both are therefore considered to be ""rare and important historical sites"". Today part of Old Park is built over as part of the suburb of Grange Park, but large areas also remain open and undeveloped."
Limpopo-Lipadi Game and Wilderness Reserve,"The Limpopo-Lipadi Game and Wilderness Reserve is a large, privately owned game reserve in Botswana which sells shares of that reserve to the public."
Sunchubamba Game Reserve,"Sunchubamba is a game reserve in the region of Cajamarca, Peru."
Swaga Swaga Game Reserve,"Swaga Swaga Game Reserve is a Tanzanian game reserve located in northwest Dodoma Region, that gives refuge to elephants and other vulnerable animals. It is located 50.6 miles from the city of Babati.
It covers an area of 871 square kilometers.Swaga Swaga also contains 102 lions, and since Tanzania has the most lions in Africa, Swaga Swaga has almost 0.6% of Tanzania's sighted lions.
In 2017, the Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority (TAWA) began an action to relocate many animal species from other reserves to improve fauna diversity. In this they see a great chance for the development of tourism and the promotion of Swaga Swaga.In February 2021, Polish archaeologist from Jagiellonian University announced the discovery of ancient rock art with anthropomorphic figures in a good condition at the Amak’hee 4 rockshelter site. Paintings made with a reddish dye also contained buffalo heads, giraffe's head and neck, domesticated cattle dated back to about several hundred years ago. Archaeologists estimated that these paintings can describe a ritual of the Sandawe people, although their present religion does not contain elements of anthropomorphization of buffaloes."
Bridge over Saint Volodymyr Descent,"Pedestrian and bicycle bridge over Saint Volodymyr Descent (Ukrainian: Пішохідно-велосипедний міст через Володимирський узвіз), also known as Klitschko Glass Bridge (Ukrainian: Скляний міст Кличка), is a bridge connecting two parks in Kyiv, Ukraine—the Saint Volodymyr Hill and Khreshchatyi Park—over the street Saint Volodymyr Descent. It is used by pedal cycles and pedestrians only. Built over five months at a cost of 275 million hryvnia, the bridge was opened by Kyiv mayor Vitali Klitschko on 25 May 2019."
East Taihang Glasswalk,"The East Taihang Glasswalk is a skywalk bridge located in East Taihang Mountains, Hebei Province, China. Opened in October 2017 it is built 1,180 metres (3,870 ft) above sea level, stretches 226 metres (741 ft) long, and is roughly 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) wide.The bridge was the subject of some controversy for a special effect that made it appear as if the glass was cracking beneath the feet of those trying to cross it. Infrared sensors would determine when a pedestrian was walking across the bridge, at which point light decorations and sound effects would produce the illusion of glass cracking. The administration of East Taihang officially apologized for the illusion shortly after the bridge's opening, saying that the effect was designed to be ""provocative"".The East Taihang Glasswalk was part of a larger design scheme in China to create ""invisible"" glass-bottomed footbridges. Other notable skywalks of this variety include the Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge and the Yuntain Mountain Walkway. After a series of deaths and injuries on glass bridges in Hebei, the province elected to close all 32 of its glass-bottomed skywalks, including the East Taihang Glasswalk, on October 30, 2019, while it examined their safety protocols."
Grand Canyon Skywalk,"The Grand Canyon Skywalk is a horseshoe-shaped cantilever bridge with a glass walkway at Eagle Point in Arizona near the Colorado River, on the edge of a side canyon in the Grand Canyon West area of the main canyon. It opened as a tourist attraction in 2007, located outside the boundaries of the Grand Canyon National Park.
USGS topographic maps indicate the Skywalk's elevation as 4,770 ft (1,450 m) above sea level. The elevation of the Colorado River at the base of the canyon below is 1,160 ft (350 m).  The vertical drop directly below the skywalk is 500 to 800 feet (150 to 240 m). The attraction is immediately north of Grand Canyon West Airport and about 75 miles (121 km) east of Las Vegas, Nevada, although nearly 130 miles (210 km) by car. The nearest city with a population greater than 10,000 people is Kingman, Arizona, about 50 miles (80 km) south.
Commissioned and owned by the Hualapai Indian tribe, the skywalk was unveiled March 20, 2007, and opened to the general public on March 28, 2007. The attraction's operators have reported over one million visitors  per year several times, first occurring in 2015."
Ruyi Bridge,"Ruyi Bridge (Chinese: 如意桥 Rúyì qiáo) is a footbridge in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China, made up of three bridges. It is a pedestrian bridge which was built to cross the Shenxianju Valley and it features a glass-bottomed walkway. The unusual curved walkways are designed to look like a Chinese ruyi.
The bridge gained notoriety in the West when Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uploaded a video to Twitter."
Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge,"Zhangjiajie Glass footpath is a skywalk bridge in Zhangjiajie, Hunan, above the Wulingyuan area. The bridge, built as an attraction for tourists, is glass-bottomed and is transparent. When it opened it was the longest and tallest glass bottomed bridge in the world. The bridge, opened to the public on August 20, 2016, measures 430 metres (1,410 ft) in total length and 6 metres (20 ft) in width, and is suspended about 300 metres (980 ft) above the ground. The bridge spans the canyon between two mountain cliffs in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park in the northwest of Hunan province. It is designed to carry up to 800 visitors at a time. The bridge was designed by Israeli architect Haim Dotan.To build the bridge, engineers erected four support pillars on the edges of the walls of the canyon. The bridge is made of a metal frame with more than 120 glass panels. Each of these panels is three-layered and is a 5.1-centimetre-thick (2 in) slab of tempered glass. There are three long swings attached to the underside of the bridge. There is also a provision for making a 285-metre (935 ft) bungee jump, considered to be highest bungee jump in the world.According to the Management Committee of the Bridge, the bridge has set ten world records spanning its design and construction. The record as longest glass bridge has since passed to a glass bridge in the Hongyagu Scenic Area, Hebei."
Burrell Collection,"The Burrell Collection is a museum in Glasgow, Scotland, managed by Glasgow Museums. It houses the art collection of Sir William Burrell and Constance, Lady Burrell. The museum opened in 1983 and reopened on 29 March 2022 following a major refurbishment. It was announced as the winner of the Art Fund Museum of the Year in July 2023. It is the only non-national museum to be the outright winner twice."
Heralds' Museum,"The Heralds' Museum was a museum of heraldry run by the College of Arms Trust at the Tower of London during the 1980s. It was situated in the old Waterloo Barracks within the Tower.
The original idea came from Sir Anthony Wagner, Garter Principal King of Arms.  Wagner hoped to establish a museum in which to display the treasures of the College of Arms. A plan for a building adjacent to the college was commissioned from Raymond Erith, but not taken forward due to the increasing financial demands of repairs to the college building.In 1980, the Heralds' Museum was opened by the Duke of Kent as part of the Tower of London. The museum was open during the summer season and admission was included in admission to the Tower. Exhibits included items from the collection of College of Arms and artifacts borrowed from other sources. Peter Spurrier served as its curator, and John Brooke-Little as its director. Sybil Burnaby was its press officer.The museum closed later in the 1980s following the reorganization of the Royal Palaces."
National Flag Memorial (Argentina),"The National Flag Memorial (Spanish, Monumento Nacional a la Bandera) in Rosario, Argentina, is a monumental complex built near the shore of the Paraná River. It was inaugurated on June 20, 1957, the anniversary of the death of Manuel Belgrano, creator of the Argentine flag, who raised it for the first time on an island on the opposite shore of the river on February 27, 1812."
"St Benet's, Paul's Wharf","The Church of St Benet Paul's Wharf is a Welsh Anglican church in the City of London, England. Since 1556, it has also been the official church of the College of Arms in which many officers of arms have been buried. In 1666 it was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, after which it was rebuilt and merged with nearby St Peter's. The current church was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. It is one of only four churches in the City of London to escape damage during World War II."
State Heraldic Museum,"The State Heraldic Museum in Kildare Street, Dublin, was founded in 1909 and was prior to its closure one of the first and oldest such museums in the world. It was housed in part of the building still occupied by the Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland, in the former Coffee Room of the Kildare Street Club.Among its many exhibits were representations of corporate and civic arms and the heraldic banners of the Chiefs of the Name.It also displayed arms of Ireland which once hung in the Houses of Parliament in College Green, a police notice on information on the theft of the Irish crown jewels in 1907, the funeral hatchment of Daniel O'Connell used on his hearse, the Irish Lord Chancellor's purse, and many other items of heraldic interest."
Educational trail,"An educational trail (or sometimes educational path), nature trail or nature walk is a specially developed hiking trail or footpath that runs through the countryside, along which there are marked stations or stops next to points of natural, technological or cultural interest. These may convey information about, for example, flora and fauna, soil science, geology, mining, ecology or cultural history. Longer trails, that link more widely spaced natural phenomena or structures together, may be referred to as themed trails or paths.
In order to give a clearer explanation of the objects located at each station, display boards or other exhibits are usually erected, in keeping with the purpose of the trail. These may include: information boards,  photographs and pictures, maps or plans, display cases and models, slides, sound or multimedia devices, facilities to enable experimentation and so on. The routes are regularly maintained.
Educational trails with a strong thematic content may also be called ""theme paths"", ""theme trails"" or ""theme routes"", or may be specially named after their subject matter, for example the Welsh Mountain Zoo Trail, Anglezarke Woodland Trail, Cheshire Lines Railway Path, Great Harwood Nature Trail, Irwell Sculpture Trail, Salthill Quarry Geology Trail and Wildlife Conservation Trail.
The purpose of such trails is to increase knowledge, sometimes this is linked to tourism and recreation or the raising of environmental awareness. Often, the stations provide imaginative and interactive ways to experience nature. Occasionally, guided tours with expert guides are available."
Braille trail,"A Braille trail is a walking path or hiking trail that is designed to be accessible by those who are visually impaired. In particular, trails are often delineated with ropes or other physical barriers, and signage and other markers have audio or are written in Braille.One example is the Watertown Riverfront Park and Braille Trail along the Charles River Reservation in Watertown, Massachusetts, USA, which opened in July 2016. A guide wire runs along the edge of the 1/4 mile (400 meter) path, which borders a sensory park with a variety of features including a wooden boat to climb on and a musical bench."
"Corn Trail, New South Wales","The Corn Trail was an early bridle track linking the Southern Tablelands to the coastal valley of the Buckenbowra River, in New South Wales, Australia. It was restored and reopened as a walking track in 1988."
Jordan Trail,Jordan Trail is a 650 km (400 mi) long hiking trail in Jordan established in 2015 by the Jordan Trail Association.
List of longest cross-country trails,Here is a list of the longest hiking trails in the world from longest to shortest.
Metropolitan Trails,"Metropolitan Trails are urban and suburban hiking trails. As defined by French NGO Sentiers Métropolitains, they encourage walkers to discover a metropolitan territory, in several days of hiking.
Conceived as a new space of creation at the crossroads of development, art, tourism, and ecology, a metropolitan trail is a cultural equipment that changes the ways of living and apprehending the territory."
Ridgeway (road),"Ridgeways are a particular type of ancient road that exploits the hard surface of hilltop ridges for use as unpaved, zero-maintenance roads, though they often have the disadvantage of steeper gradients along their courses, and sometimes quite narrow widths. Before the advent of turnpikes or toll roads, ridgeway trails continued to provide the firmest and safest cart tracks. They are generally an opposite to level, valley-bottom, paved roads, which require engineering work to shore up and maintain. Unmaintained valley routes may require greater travelling distances than ridgeways.
Prehistoric roads in Europe often variously comprised stretches of ridgeway above the line of springs, sections of causeway through bog and marsh, and other trackways of neither sort which crossed flat country.
A revival of interest in ancient roads and recreational walking in the 19th century brought the concept back into common use. Some ancient routes, in particular The Ridgeway National Trail of southern England, have been reprised as long-distance footpaths."
Steig,"A steig (Low German: Stieg) is a German term meaning ""steep path"" that originally referred to a narrow footpath over hills or mountains that could not be negotiated by horse-drawn vehicles. Today the term occurs in German-speaking countries as a synonym for all kinds of footpaths, e.g., Bürgersteig, a term for ""pavement"" in Austria or Switzerland. The term steig and its dialectical variations is commonly found in many placenames."
Unicoi Turnpike,The Unicoi Turnpike is a trail in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. It was a footpath used by native Americans and was later expanded in the early 19th century for use as a toll road. It once stretched 150 miles and served vehicular traffic. The discovery of gold at Coker Creek brought an influx of people and a fort was established to separate miners from Cherokee and their lands. It is now part of the Cherokee Heritage Trail project.
Hindu pilgrimage sites,"In religion and spirituality, a pilgrimage is a very long journey or search of great moral significance.  Sometimes, it is a journey to a sacred area or shrine of importance to innate
faith. Members of every major religion participate in pilgrimages.  A person who makes such a journey is called a pilgrim.
Unlike some other religions, Hindus are not required to undertake pilgrimages during their lifetime. However, most Hindus go on such journeys to numerous iconic sites including those below:"
List of Hindu temples,This is a list of lists of Hindu temples. List is in alphabetical order in three types: based on geographic locations and by continents; by theme; and by prime deity.
List of Hindu temples outside India,"Apart from India, where the vast majority (1.12 billion) of the world's 1.3 billion Hindu population lives, Hindu Temples are found across the world, on every continent. In the Indian Subcontinent, thousands of modern and historic temples are spread across Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Outside the region, the oldest temples can be found in Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia and Indonesia where ancient seafaring empires like the Chola Empire and Vijayanagara Empire spread their dominions.
In the early modern period, Fiji, Guyana, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Réunion, Myanmar, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, Suriname, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago and Uganda, have seen many temples being built, as the Indian Diaspora settled across these areas over the past 250–300 years.
Over the past 70 years, immigration to western nations have led to the construction of temples for the Hindu communities in these countries.in that"
List of human stampedes in Hindu temples,The List of Human stampedes in Hindu Temples / Holy Places in India includes:
List of large temple tanks,This is a list of Temple tanks in terms of area.
List of largest Hindu temples,This is a list of the largest Hindu temples in terms of area.
List of tallest gopurams,"A gopuram or gopura is a monumental tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of any temple, especially in Southern India. They are a prominent feature of koils, Hindu temples built in the Dravidian style. They are topped by the kalasam, a bulbous stone finial. They function as gateways through the walls that surround the temple complex.The gopuram's origins can be traced back to early structures built under the Tamil kings of the Pallava and Chola dynasties. By the twelfth century, during the Pandya dynasty, these gateways became a dominant feature of a temple's outer appearance, eventually overshadowing the inner sanctuary which became obscured from view by the gopuram's colossal size. It also dominated the inner sanctum in amount of ornamentation. Often a shrine has more than one gopuram.A koil may have multiple gopurams, typically constructed into multiple walls in tiers around the main shrine."
Adityas,"In Hinduism, Adityas (Sanskrit: आदित्य, romanized: Āditya, lit. 'of Aditi', Sanskrit pronunciation: [aːd̪ɪt̪jɐ]), refers to the offspring of Aditi, the goddess representing the infinity. The name Aditya, in the singular, is taken to refer to the sun god Surya. Generally, Adityas are twelve in number and consists of Vivasvan, Aryaman, Tvashta, Savitr, Bhaga, Dhata, Mitra, Varuna, Amsa, Pushan, Indra and Vishnu (in the form of Vamana).They appear in the Rig Veda, where there are 6–8 in number, all male. The number increases to 12 in the Brahmanas. The Mahabharata and the Puranas mention the sage Kashyapa  as their father. In each month of the year a different Aditya is said to shine."
Ganga (goddess),"Ganga (Sanskrit: गङ्गा, romanized: Gaṅgā) is the personification of the river Ganges, who is worshipped by Hindus as the goddess of purification and forgiveness. Known by many names, Ganga is often depicted as a fair, beautiful woman, riding a divine crocodile-like creature called the makara. Some of the earliest mentions of Ganga are found in the Rigveda, where she is mentioned as the holiest of the rivers. Her stories mainly appear in post-Vedic texts such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Puranas.
The Ramayana describes her to be the firstborn of Himavat, the personification of the Himalayas, and the sister of the mother goddess Parvati. However, other texts mention her origin from the preserver deity, Vishnu. Legends focus on her descent to earth, which occurred because of a royal-sage Bhagiratha, aided by the god Shiva. In the epic Mahabharata, Ganga is the mother of the warrior Bhishma in a union with the Kuru king Shantanu.
In Hinduism, Ganga is seen as a mother to humanity. Pilgrims immerse the ashes of their kin in the river Ganga, which is considered by them to bring the souls (purified spirits) closer to moksha, the liberation from the cycle of life and death. Festivals like Ganga Dussehra and Ganga Jayanti are celebrated in her honour at several sacred places, which lie along the banks of the Ganges, including Gangotri, Haridwar, Prayagraj, Varanasi and Kali Ghat in Kolkata. Alongside Gautama Buddha, Ganga is worshipped during the Loy Krathong festival in Thailand."
Prambanan,"Prambanan (Indonesian: Candi Prambanan, Javanese: ꦫꦫꦗꦺꦴꦁꦒꦿꦁ, romanized: Rara Jonggrang) is a 9th-century Hindu temple compound in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, in southern Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimūrti, the expression of God as the Creator (Brahma), the Preserver (Vishnu) and the Destroyer (Shiva). The temple compound is located approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) northeast of the city of Yogyakarta on the boundary between Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces.The temple compound, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia and the second-largest in Southeast Asia after Angkor Wat. It is characterized by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu architecture, and by the towering 47-metre-high (154 ft) central building inside a large complex of individual temples. Prambanan temple compounds originally consisted of 240 temple structures, which represented the grandeur of ancient Java's Hindu art and architecture, and is also considered as a masterpiece of the classical period in Indonesia. Prambanan attracts many visitors from around the world."
Prambanan Temple Compounds,"Prambanan Temple Compounds is the World Heritage designation of a group of Hindu temple compounds that lie on the border between Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia. It comprises Prambanan, Lumbung, Bubrah and Sewu temple compounds, all are located within Prambanan Archaeological Park.These temples are known locally as candi in Indonesian and Javanese languages. The temple compounds are located along Opak River valley within Prambanan Plain or Kewu Plain, an archaeologically rich area dotted with numerous Hindu temples dated from the 8th and 9th centuries CE, historically linked with the Mataram kingdom. The diversity and sophistication of the temple compounds and archaeological sites in this area are comparable to Angkor archaeological site in Cambodia."
Siddhashrama,"Siddhashrama (Siddhāśrama; Devanagari:सिद्धाश्रम), popularly called Gyangunj, is considered as a mystical  hermitage, which according to a tradition, is located in a secret land deep in the Himalayas, where great yogis, sadhus, and sages who are siddhas live. This place is also revered as the mystical land of Shambhala by Tibetans. According to another tradition, the Siddhashrama is located in the Tibetan region, nearby Kailash parvat. Though any Sadhu, Sannyasi, Yeti, Monk and Yogi might have known 'Siddhashram' by any name or various cults might have used different worship or Sadhana methods according to their beliefs.The context of this supernatural land has been mentioned in many ancient scriptures along with four Vedas. The Siddhashram is described as a divine place in spiritual journey. Thus it is also believed that while discharging their divine works in this universe the spiritually empowered Yogis remain in constant touch with Siddhashram and they visit it regularly. Siddhashram is considered as the base of spiritual consciousness, heart of divinity and the mortification land of great Rishis. Thus, the Siddhashram is assumed as a very scarce divine place. It's believed by Hindus, Buddhists that it is possible to get the divine power to enter this scarce place by doing hard works through Sadhana procedure and following Sadhana path. Siddhashram is considered to be a secret and mystical land deep in the Himalayas, where it is said and is believed by Hindus that great siddha yogis, sadhus, and sages live. Siddhashram is believed to be the ashram of Ancient saints, sages & Yogis of high order. It is referred to in many Indian epics, the Veda, Upanishads and Puranas including the Rigveda, one of the oldest scripture of human civilization. Siddhashram is considered to be the society for the enlightened people or siddhas. The person, who reaches high level in sadhana can reach the mystical siddhashram with the blessings of the guru, who is the regular of this place, as considered by believers. Its believed that this ashram lies near the Mansarovar lake and the Kailash. Siddha yogis and sanyasis are meditating in this place for thousands of years and it is believed that this place can't be seen with naked eye and can only be seen after meditation and other spiritual practices, as believed by many. Swami Vishuddhananda Paramahansa first talked of this place in public. He was taken there in His childhood by some adept and He did his sadhana in Gyanganj Ashram for long long years. Many in Hinduism believe that Maharishi Vashishtha, Vishwamitra, Kanada, Pulastya, Atri, Mahayogi Gorakhnath, Srimad Shankaracharya, Bheesma, Kripacharya can be seen wandering there in physical form and also one can have the privilege of listening to their sermons. Many Siddha yogi, yoginis, Apsara (Angel), saints are believed to be found meditating in this place. Those who allegedly went there say that the beautiful flowers in the garden, trees, birds, siddha-yoga lake, meditating saints and many other things of the place cannot be described in words. The exact location of this legendary kingdom is unknown as it is believed that Gyanganj artfully camouflages (willingly hides itself) itself from humans, as well as mapping technologies. Some also believe that Gyanganj exists in a different plane of reality and thus cannot be detected by satellites."
Tapati,"Tapati (Sanskrit: तपती, tapatī) is a goddess in Hinduism. She is known also as the goddess of the river Tapati and mother-goddess of the South (home of the sun) where she brings heat to the earth. According to certain Hindu texts, Tapati was the daughter of Surya (the Sun god) and Chhaya, one of the wives of Surya.Tapati's name literally means the ""warming"", ""the hot one"", ""burning one"". It had been said that no one in three worlds could match her in beauty, having perfect features, and severe religious self-discipline. This name is possibly connected to that of the queen of the Scythian gods, Tabiti, and it is possible that there was originally a dominant fire goddess in ancient Proto-Indo-Iranian religion."
Tirtha (Hinduism),"Tirtha (Sanskrit: तीर्थ, tīrtha) is a Sanskrit word that means ""crossing place, ford"", and refers to any place, text or person that is holy. It particularly refers to pilgrimage sites and holy places in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.The process or journey associated with tirtha is called tirtha-yatra, while alternate terms such as kshetra, gopitha and mahalaya are used in some Hindu traditions to refer to a ""place of pilgrimage""."
Historic district,"A historic district or heritage district is a section of a city which contains older buildings considered valuable for historical or architectural reasons.  In some countries or jurisdictions, historic districts receive legal protection from certain types of development.Historic districts may or may not also be the center of the city.  They may be coterminous with the commercial district, administrative district, or arts district, or separate from all of these. Historical districts are often parts of a larger urban setting, but they can also be parts or all of small towns, or a rural areas with historic agriculture-related properties, or even a physically disconnected series of related structures throughout the region.Much criticism has arisen of historic districts and the effect protective zoning and historic designation status laws have on the housing supply. When an area of a city is designated as part of a 'historic district', new housing development is artificially restricted and the supply of new housing permanently capped in area so designated as 'historic'. Critics of historic districts argue that while these districts may offer an aesthetic or visually pleasing benefit, they increase inequality by restricting access to new and affordable housing for lower and middle class tenants and potential home owners."
Altstadt,"Altstadt is the German language word for ""old town"", and generally refers to the historical town or city centre within the old town or city wall, in contrast to younger suburbs outside. Neustadt (new town), the logical opposite of Altstadt, mostly stands for a part of the ""Altstadt"" in modern sense, sometimes only a few years younger than the oldest part, e. g. a late medieval enlargement."
Groups of Traditional Buildings,"Groups of Traditional Buildings (伝統的建造物群, Dentōteki Kenzōbutsu-gun) is a Japanese category of historic preservation introduced by a 1975 amendment of the law which mandates the protection of groups of traditional buildings which, together with their environment, form a beautiful scene. They can be post towns, castle towns, mining towns, merchant quarters, ports, farming or fishing villages, etc. The Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs recognizes and protects the country's cultural properties under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
Municipalities can designate items of particular importance as Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings (伝統的建造物群保存地区, Dentōteki Kenzōbutsu-gun Hozon-chiku) and approve measures to protect them. Items of even higher importance are then designated Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings (重要伝統的建造物群保存地区, Jūyō Dentōteki Kenzōbutsu-gun Hozon-chiku) by the central government. The Agency for Cultural Affairs then provides guidance, advice, and funds for repairs and other work. Additional support is given in the form of preferential tax treatment.
As of May 31, 2021, 126 districts have been classified as Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings."
Medina quarter,"A medina (from Arabic: مدينة, romanized: madīnah, lit. 'city') is a historical district in a number of North African cities, often corresponding to an old walled city. The term comes from the Arabic word simply meaning ""city"" or ""town""."
Old City,"Old City often refers to old town, the historic or original core of a city or town.
Old City may refer to several places:"
Old town,"In a city or town, the old town is its historic or original core. Although the city is usually larger in its present form, many cities have redesignated this part of the city to commemorate its origins after thorough renovations. There are many places throughout the world referred to as the old town (and this is sometimes construed as a proper noun and capitalized). This is a list of some famous old towns:

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List of historic reserves in Ukraine,"The list of historic reserves in Ukraine includes historic sites that in Ukraine are known as Historic and Cultural Reserves. Main historic reserves are officially listed by the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine and usually known as national. However, there are other historic reserves that are established at regional level."
Ancient Chernihiv,"Ancient Chernihiv (Ukrainian: Чернігів стародавній, romanized: Chernihiv starodavnii) is the National Architecture-Historical Sanctuary located in the north-eastern Ukrainian city of Chernihiv. It was created at first as an affiliate of the National Sanctuary ""Sophia of Kyiv"". Since August 1, 1967, the site is a separate entity consisting of 34 monuments of architecture."
Badagry,"Badagry, also spelled Badagri, (Gun: Gbagli) is a coastal town and Local Government Area (LGA) in Lagos State, Nigeria. It is quite close to the city of Lagos, and located on the north bank of Porto Novo Creek, an inland waterway that connects Lagos (Nigeria's largest city and economic capital) to the Beninese capital of Porto-Novo. The same route connects Lagos, Ilaro, and Porto-Novo, and shares a border with the Republic of Benin. As of the preliminary 2006 census results, the municipality had a population of 241,093.Serving as a lagoon and an Atlantic port, Badagry emerged as a commercial center on the West African coast between 1736 and 1851. Its connecting and navigable lakes, creeks and inland lagoons acted as a means to facilitate trade and as a security bar for residents. During the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, the town was a middleman between European traders on the coast and traders from the hinterland."
"Barrio de San Lázaro, Havana","Barrio de San Lázaro is one of the first neighbourhoods in Havana, Cuba. It initially occupied the area bounded by Calle Infanta to the west, Calle Zanja to the south, Calle Belascoáin to the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the north, forming the western edge of Centro Habana. According to the 1855 Ordenanzas Municipales of the city of Havana, [1] Barrio San Lázaro was  the Tercer Distrito (Third District) and was Barrio No. 8."
"Casco Viejo, Panama","Casco Antiguo (Spanish for Old Quarter), also known as Casco Viejo or San Felipe, is the historic district of Panama City. Completed and settled in 1673, it was built following the near-total destruction of the original Panamá city, Panamá Viejo in 1671, when the latter was attacked by pirates. It was designated a World Heritage Site in 1997."
Centro Storico,"Centro Storico is the first urban zone of Rome, identified by the initials 1A. It belongs to the Municipio I and it includes the main part of the city center."
"Centro, Guadalajara","Zona Centro is the historic center of Guadalajara, in the Mexican state of Jalisco."
Cercado de Lima,"The Cercado de Lima (Walled Lima), Damero de Pizarro (Pizarro's Checkerboard),  or Lima Cuadrada (Squared Lima) is an area of the historic center of Lima (capital of Peru) located within the old walls of the city."
Historic Centre of Cienfuegos,"The Historic Centre of Cienfuegos, is located in the city of Cienfuegos in Cuba. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005, because of its outstanding Neoclassical architecture and its status as the best example of early 19th century Spanish urban planning. The historic centre contains six buildings from 1819–50, 327 buildings from 1851–1900, and 1188 buildings from the 20th century."
Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo),"Ciudad Colonial (Spanish for ""Colonial City"") is the historic central neighborhood of the Dominican Republic's capital Santo Domingo. It is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the Americas. The area has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It is also known as Zona Colonial (Colonial Zone) or more colloquially as ""La Zona"" (The Zone). 
The Ciudad Colonial is located on the west bank of the Ozama River, which bisects the city. It covers 1.06 km2 (0.41 sq mi) bounded by a walled perimeter. It is an important section of the city due to the high number of landmarks, including Alcázar de Colón, Fortaleza Ozama, Catedral de Santa María la Menor, and others. The area is the main tourist attraction of Santo Domingo, even though the main sites of governmental and commercial activity are now in the more modern parts of the city."
Depok Lama,"Depok Lama (Indonesian for Old Depok) at this period is one of region in the City of Depok. In other hand, Depok Lama is the region boundary between the City of Depok and Bogor Regency. Renold Joseph said, ""at the Dutch periode, the majority of inhabitants in Depok Lama is those Twelve Family name that received inheritance from Cornelis Chastelein."" Those Twelve Family are Bacas, Isakh, Jonathans, Jacob, Joseph, Loen, Laurens, Leander, Tholonse, Soedira, Samuel, and Zadokh. Now, one of those Twelve Family aren't have a man generation (patrilineal culture) that is Zadokh Family. Nowadays, Depok Lama still showing the existence, because those Twelve Family having the good sensitivity with those cultural values.Nowadays Depok Lama area lies at the center of the City of Depok.
75 percent of colonial buildings in Depok has been destroyed to build residences and commercial buildings. Therefore, Alqiz Lukman, Ghilman Assilmi, and Ide Nada Imandiharja created the Depok Lama Project website to preserve the history of Depok Lama digitally, which consists of audio recordings of interviews with Yayasan Lembaga Cornelis Chastelein (YLCC, Cornelis Chastelein Foundation), local elders, the descendants of Chastelein’s slaves, heritage experts, and historians as well as photographs."
Gberefu Island,"Gberefu Island also known as Point of No Return is a populated historical island located in Badagry, a town and local government area of Lagos State, South-Western Nigeria. Symbolized by two poles slightly slanted towards each other and facing the Atlantic Ocean, the island was a major slave port after it was opened in 1473 during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade era. According to Nigerian historians, as many as 10,000 slaves were believed to have been shipped to the Caribbean and Americas between 1518 and 1880 from the island."
Gurdlar neighborhood (Shusha),"Gurdlar neighbourhood (Azerbaijani: Qurdlar məhəlləsi) was founded in the 18th century, and is one of the lower quarters of the city of Shusha. There are located the house of Zohrabbeyov, the castle of Gara Boyuk Khanim, as well as the estate of the famous public figure, writer, and teacher Ahmad bey Aghaoglu's of father."
Historic Center of Caxias do Sul,"The Historic Center of Caxias do Sul (Portuguese: Centro Histórico de Caxias do Sul) is a Special Sector of the city contemplated in its General Plan and regulated by specific legislation. It comprises the region that was first urbanized, located around the Dante Alighieri square and limited by the streets Os 18 do Forte, Bento Gonçalves, Alfredo Chaves, and Moreira César. The Historic Center has been the vital core of Caxias do Sul since its origin and has undergone profound changes since the early days, but it still preserves its original urban layout and a number of buildings of great architectural and historical interest. However, it has suffered from frequent traffic jams and the degradation of some stretches."
Historic Center of Salvador,"The Historic Center (US) or Centre (UK; Portuguese: Centro Histórico) of Salvador de Bahia in Brazil, also known as the Pelourinho (Portuguese for ""Pillory"") or Pelo, is a historic neighborhood in western Salvador, Bahia. It was the city's center during the Portuguese colonial period and was named for the whipping post in its central plaza where enslaved people from Africa were publicly beaten as punishment for alleged infractions. The Historic Center is extremely rich in historical monuments dating from the 17th through the 19th centuries.
Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Pelourinho retains a vibrant repertoire of colonial Portuguese architecture, exemplified by the Mannerist decoration of the Cathedral of Salvador, the Baroque intricacy of the Church and Convent of São Francisco and the Church of the Third Order of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Black People, as well as the Rococo exuberance of the Church of Nosso Senhor do Bonfim. In addition, the Pelourinho remains a cultural hub for the Afro-Brazilian community, whose cuisine, architecture, religion and music exert a salient influence on the neighborhood and testify to the ""empowerment and influence of Afro cultures"" in the New World. Although historical preservation efforts initiated in the 1990s enhanced safety, promoted tourism and facilitated greater economic development, they also resulted in the dislocation of Afro-Brazilian residents in the enclave and contributed to gentrification. As such, the development of the Pelourinho continues to attract attention in the gubernatorial politics of Bahia.
Salvador was the first colonial capital of Brazil and the city is one of the oldest in the New World (founded in 1549 by Portuguese settlers). It was also one of the first slave markets on the continent, with slaves arriving to work on the sugar plantations. The area is in the older part of the upper city (Cidade Alta) of Salvador. It encompasses several blocks around the triangular Largo, and it is the location for music, dining and nightlife. It has a place on the national historic register and was named a world cultural center by UNESCO in 1985."
Historic Centre of Florence,"The historic centre of Florence is part of quartiere 1 of the Italian city of Florence. This quarter was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982.Built on the site of an Etruscan settlement, Florence, the symbol of the Renaissance, rose to economic and cultural pre-eminence under the Medici in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its 600 years of extraordinary artistic activity can be seen above all in the 13th-century cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore), the Church of Santa Croce, the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace, the work of great masters such as Giotto, Filippo Brunelleschi, Sandro Botticelli and Michelangelo."
Historic Centre of Lima,"Located principally in the city centre or Cercado de Lima and Rímac areas, the Historic Centre of Lima is among the most important tourist destinations in Peru."
Historic Centre of Naples,"Considering that the site is of exceptional value. It is one of the most ancient cities in Europe, whose contemporary urban fabric preserves the elements of its long and eventful history. Its setting on the Bay of Naples gives it an outstanding universal value which has had a profound influence in many parts of Europe and beyond. — Motivation of UNESCO
The historic center, or Centro Storico, of Naples, Italy represents the historic nucleus of the city, spanning 27 centuries.
Almost the entirety of the historic center, approximately 1021 hectares, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995,  and included in the list of historic assets to be protected; its particular uniqueness lying in the almost total conservation and use of its ancient Greek road layout."
Historic Centre of Trujillo,"The Historic Centre of Trujillo is the main urban area and the most important center of development and unfolding in the Peruvian city of Trujillo located in La Libertad Region. The whole process of its original urban fabric is in elliptical shape surrounded by España Avenue that was built in the wake of the Wall of Trujillo. It houses the seat of city government and other important entities in the locality. In the center of this historic urban area is the Plaza de Armas of Trujillo that was the scene of the Spanish founded of the city in 1534 and the proclamation of the independence of Trujillo on December 29, 1820.
The historic centre of Trujillo contains numerous monuments dating from the Viceroyalty and Republican, was declared a Monumental City by municipal decree of April 23, 1971 and Monumental Area by Supreme Resolution No. 2900-72-ED of December 26, 1972, is also the largest urban center and characteristic of the city that maintains its dual status as historic centre and active center of the conglomerate metropolitan of Trujillo, according to the role that gives the Metropolitan Development Plan of Trujillo. The care and maintenance of the historic area of Trujillo is conducted by the Provincial Municipality of Trujillo, according to Law No. 23 853 of the Organic Law of Municipalities, which authorizes it to regulate, promote and ensure the conservation of Cultural Heritage of the city such as environments and historic buildings monuments.
The historic centre of Trujillo occupies approximately 133.5ha area and consists of a total of 1,783 lots, grouped in 72 blocks are located within the area that is also known as the ""Enclosure of Trujillo"" and originally was bounded by the wall of the city.
According to the census of 2005 the historic centre of Trujillo then had a population of about 12,000 inhabitants and is populated by various monuments including buildings predominate product of colonial and religious architecture prevailing during the viceroyalty era, as well as houses dating from the same era and the dawn of the republic whose hallmarks are its balconies and windows to fashion lace trellises."
Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër,"The Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër (Albanian: Qendrat historike të Beratit dhe Gjirokastrës) encompasses the cities of Berat and Gjirokastër in southern Albania. Gjirokastër was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 2005 while Berat was added as a site extension in 2008. They are inscribed as rare examples of an architectural character typical of the Ottoman period.Berat is often referred as the city of a thousand windows and considered one of the architectural treasures of Albania. Traces from Illyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans are still evident and well preserved in the city with castles and mansions, old churches and mosques and impressive wall paintings, icons and murals. Throughout the centuries, Berat was the place where various religions and communities coexisted in peace.  
Gjirokastër, referred as the city of stone, stretches on the steep side of the Drino River valley overlooking the historic landscape with picturesque stone architecture framed by mountains at every side. As most of other cities in Albania, Gjirokastër bears architectural treasures of various civilizations that previously conquered the region."
Hyderabad,"Hyderabad ( (listen) HY-dər-ə-bad; Telugu: [ˈɦaɪ̯daraːbaːd], Urdu: [ˈɦɛːdəɾaːbaːd]) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It occupies 650 km2 (250 sq mi) on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of 542 m (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including the Hussain Sagar lake, predating the city's founding, in the north of the city centre. According to the 2011 Census of India, Hyderabad is the fourth-most populous city in India with a population of 6.9 million residents within the city limits, and has a population of 9.7 million residents in the metropolitan region, making it the sixth-most populous metropolitan area in India. With an output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad has the fifth-largest urban economy in India.
The Qutb Shahi dynasty's Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad in 1591 to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda. In 1687, the city was annexed by the Mughals. In 1724, Asaf Jah I, the Mughal viceroy, declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty, also known as the Nizams. Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi's from 1769 to 1948. As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad, the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947. Hyderabad was annexed by the Indian Union in 1948 and continued as a capital of Hyderabad State from 1948 to 1956. After the introduction of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, Hyderabad was made the capital of the newly formed Andhra Pradesh. In 2014, Andhra Pradesh was split to form the state of Telangana, and Hyderabad became the joint capital of the two states with a transitional arrangement scheduled to end in 2024. Since 1956, the city has housed the Rashtrapati Nilayam, the winter office of the president of India.
Relics of the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras remain visible today; the Charminar has come to symbolise the city. By the end of the early modern era, the Mughal Empire had declined in the Deccan, and the Nizam's patronage attracted men of letters from various parts of the world. A distinctive culture arose from the amalgamation of local and migrated artisans, with Painting, handicraft, jewellery, literature, dialect and clothing are prominent still today. Through its cuisine, the city is listed as a creative city of gastronomy by UNESCO. The Telugu film industry based in the city was the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures as of 2012.
Until the 19th century Hyderabad was known for the pearl industry and was nicknamed the ""City of Pearls"", and was the only trading centre for Golconda diamonds in the world. Many of the city's historical and traditional bazaars remain open. Hyderabad's central location between the Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats, and industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian research, manufacturing, educational and financial institutions. Since the 1990s, the city has emerged as an Indian hub of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. The formation of the special economic zones of Hardware Park and HITEC City, dedicated to information technology, has encouraged leading multinationals to set up operations in Hyderabad."
Ine-ura,"Ine-ura (伊根浦) or  Ine-chō Ine-ura (伊根町伊根浦) is a coastal settlement that extends along the shores of Ine Bay and is situated in Ine Town, Yoza District, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It is designated as a national preservation district for traditional buildings. The residential cluster that lines the coast of Ine Bay is known as ""Funaya,"" which are famous as National Preservation District for traditional buildings."
Innere Stadt,"The Innere Stadt (German pronunciation: [ˈɪnərə ʃtat] (listen); Central Bavarian: Innare Stod) is the 1st municipal district of Vienna (German: 1. Bezirk) located in the center of the Austrian capital. The Innere Stadt is the old town of Vienna. Until the city boundaries were expanded in 1850, the Innere Stadt was congruent with the city of Vienna. Traditionally it was divided into four quarters, which were designated after important town gates: Stubenviertel (northeast), Kärntner Viertel (southeast), Widmerviertel (southwest), Schottenviertel (northwest).The Ringstraße circles the Innere Stadt along the route of the former city walls.
The first district is, with a workforce of 100,745, the largest employment locale in Vienna. This is partially due to tourism, as well as the presence of many corporate headquarters due to the district's central location."
Kota Tua Jakarta,"Kota Tua Jakarta (Indonesian for ""Jakarta Old Town""), officially known as Kota Tua, is a neighborhood comprising the original downtown area of Jakarta, Indonesia. It is also known as Oud Batavia (Dutch for ""Old Batavia""), Benedenstad (""Lower City"", contrasting it with Weltevreden, de Bovenstad (""Upper City"")), or Kota Lama (Indonesian for ""Old Town"").
The site contains Dutch-style structures mostly dated from 17th century, when the port city served as the Asian headquarters of VOC during the heyday of spice trade. It spans 1.3 square kilometres within North Jakarta and West Jakarta (Kelurahan Pinangsia, Taman Sari and Kelurahan Roa Malaka, Tambora). The largely Chinese downtown area of Glodok is a part of Kota Tua."
Historical centre of Kryvyi Rih,"The historic centre of Kryvyi Rih (also colloquially called The Town — short for Old Town) is an area in the Tsentralno-Miskyi (Central City) district of Kryvyi Rih, which was the core of the city's formation. It is located in the area of the former confluence of the rivers Inhulets and Saksahan, and has a linear and elongated block structure."
Ladadika,"Ladadika (Greek: Λαδάδικα) is the name of a historic district and a landmark area of the city of Thessaloniki, Greece.

It locates near the Port of Thessaloniki and for centuries was one of the most important market places of the city. Its name came about from the many olive oil shops of the area. Many Jews of the city were living there, while the so-called ""Frankish district"", with the French/Italian merchants and residents, was located beside.
In the years before World War I it came to form the red light district, with the area starting to host many brothels. In 1985, Ladakika was listed as a heritage site by the Ministry of Culture. Its notable architectural style with 19th century buildings is preserved and protected.
Nowadays, having undergone gentrification in the 1980s, Ladadika forms the entertainment district of the city, hosting bars, nightclubs, restaurants, and pubs in what used to be old oil stores and merchant warehouses, which spill out into a network of pedestrianized streets and small squares, like Morichovou Square, popular place for tourists."
Historic center of Mexico City,"The historic center of Mexico City (Spanish: Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México), also known as the Centro or Centro Histórico, is the central neighborhood in Mexico City, Mexico, focused on Zócalo or main plaza and extending in all directions for a number of blocks, with its farthest extent being west to the Alameda Central. The Zocalo is the largest plaza in Latin America. It can hold up to nearly 100,000 people.This section of the capital lies in the municipal borough of Cuauhtémoc, has just over nine square km and occupies 668 blocks. It contains 9,000 buildings, 1,550 of which have been declared of historical importance.  Most of these historic buildings were constructed between the 16th and 20th centuries. It is divided into two zones for preservation purposes. Zone A encompasses the pre-Hispanic city and its expansion from the Viceroy period until Independence. Zone B covers the areas all other constructions to the end of the 19th century that are considered indispensable to the preservation of the area's architectural and cultural heritage.This is where the Spaniards began to build what is now modern Mexico City in the 16th century on the ruins of the conquered Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire. As the centre of the ancient Aztec Empire and the seat of power for the Spanish colony of New Spain, the Centro Historico contains most of the city's historic sites from both eras as well as a large number of museums. This has made it a World Heritage Site."
"Obi, Nichinan","Obi (飫肥) is a district located in Nichinan, in the southern part of Miyazaki Prefecture, in the Kyushu region of Japan.  During the Edo period, it was the Jōkamachi (castle town) of Obi Castle, which was the seat of the Obi Domain, which was ruled by the Ito clan. The district was originally planned and laid out in the early Edo period, and the historical townscape has been preserved to this day. The district has been designated as an Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings in Japan, and is also known as the ""Little Kyoto of Kyushu.""　"
Old Cairo,"Old Cairo (Arabic: مصر القديمة , Miṣr al-Qadīma, Egyptian pronunciation: Maṣr El-ʾAdīma) is a historic area in Cairo, Egypt, which includes the site of a Roman-era fortress, the Christian settlement of Coptic Cairo, and the Muslim-era settlements pre-dating the founding of Cairo proper in 969 AD. It is part of what is referred to as Historic Cairo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Miṣr al-Qadīma is also a modern administrative district in the Southern Area of Cairo, encompassing the area from the Cairo Aqueduct to the north, to the Ring Road in the south, and from the Khalifa cemetery to the east, to the Nile Corniche in the west, as well as Roda Island, or Manial al-Roda. It had 250,313 residents according to the 2017 census."
Old City of Jerusalem,"The Old City of Jerusalem (Hebrew: הָעִיר הָעַתִּיקָה, romanized: ha-ir ha-atiqah; Arabic: البلدة القديمة, romanized: al-Balda al-Qadimah; lit. 'the Old City') is a 0.9-square-kilometre (0.35 sq mi) walled area in East Jerusalem.
The Old City is today divided into four uneven quarters, in a tradition which may have begun with an 1840s British map of the city; these are the Muslim Quarter, the Christian Quarter, the Armenian Quarter, and the Jewish Quarter. A fifth area, the Temple Mount, known to Muslims as Al-Aqsa or Haram al-Sharif, is home to the Dome of the Rock, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and was once the site of two Jewish Temples. The current designations were introduced in the 19th century. The Old City's current walls and city gates were built by the Ottoman Empire from 1535 to 1542 under Suleiman the Magnificent. The Old City is home to several sites of key importance and holiness to the three major Abrahamic religions: the Temple Mount and Western Wall for Judaism, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Christianity, and the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque for Islam. The Old City, along with its walls, was added to the World Heritage Site list of UNESCO in 1981.
In spite of its name, the Old City of Jerusalem's current layout is different from that of ancient times. Most archeologists believe that the City of David, an archaeological site on a rocky spur south of the Temple Mount, was the original settlement core of Jerusalem during the Bronze and Iron Ages. At times, the ancient city spread to the east and north, covering Mount Zion and the Temple Mount. The Old City as defined by the walls of Suleiman is thus shifted a bit northwards compared to earlier periods of the city's history, and smaller than it had been in its peak, during the late Second Temple period. The Old City's current layout has been documented in significant detail, notably in old maps of Jerusalem over the last 1,500 years. 
Until the mid-19th century, the entire city of Jerusalem (with the exception of David's Tomb complex) was enclosed within the Old City walls. The departure from the walls began in the 19th century, when the city's municipal borders were expanded to include Arab villages such as Silwan and new Jewish neighborhoods such as Mishkenot Sha'ananim. The Old City came under Jordanian control following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. During the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel occupied East Jerusalem; since then, the entire city has been under Israeli control. Israel unilaterally asserted in its 1980 Jerusalem Law that the whole of Jerusalem was Israel's capital. In international law East Jerusalem is defined as territory occupied by Israel."
Old Havana,"Old Havana (Spanish: La Habana Vieja) is the city-center (downtown) and one of the 15 municipalities (or boroughs) forming Havana, Cuba. It has the second highest population density in the city and contains the core of the original city of Havana. The positions of the original Havana city walls are the modern boundaries of Old Havana.
In 1982, Old Havana was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List, because of its unique Baroque and neoclassical architecture, its fortifications, and its historical importance as a stop on the route to the New World. A safeguarding campaign was launched a year later to restore the authentic character of the buildings."
Old Quarter of Colon,"The historic ""Tacita de Oro"" of the Atlantic Coasts. The Old Quarters of Colon are under renovation and reconstruction."
Old Town (Plovdiv),"The old town in Plovdiv is an architectural and historical reserve located on three of Plovdiv's hills: Nebet Tepe, Dzhambaz Tepe and Taksim Tepe.
The complex has been formed as a result of the long sequence of habitation from prehistoric times to present day and combines the culture and architecture from Antiquity, Middle Ages and Bulgarian revival. The old town in Plovdiv is included in UNESCO World Heritage tentative list since 2004."
Olinda,"Olinda (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɔˈlĩndɐ]) is a historic city in Pernambuco, Brazil, in the Northeast Region. It is located on the country's northeastern Atlantic Ocean coast, in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, the state capital. It has a population of 393,115 people, covers 41.681 square kilometres (16.093 sq mi), and has a population density of 9,437 inhabitants per square kilometre (24,440/sq mi). It is noted as one of the best-preserved colonial cities in Brazil and has been inhabited since 1535.
As the former capital of the Captaincy of Pernambuco during the colonial era, Olinda has many historical buildings—the center was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982—and a rich culture. The Carnaval of Olinda, a popular street party, is very similar to traditional Portuguese carnivals, with the addition of African influenced dances, reflecting the history of the Northeast. All the festivities are celebrated on the streets with no bleachers or roping, and, unlike in other cities, admission is free. There are hundreds of small musical groups (sometimes featuring a single performer) in many genres."
Paseo de Tacón,"The Paseo de Tacón, or Paseo Militar, was created by the Captain General (Spanish: Capitanía General de Cuba) Miguel Tacón y Rosique (1834–1838) who promoted the reform of the “road” that, starting from the calles of San Luis de Gonzaga (Reina) and Belascoáin, connected to the Castillo del Príncipe. Calle Belascoáin was the edge between the city and the countryside."
Paseo del Siglo,"Paseo del Siglo (literally Tour of the Century or Walk of the Century) is a part of the historical center of the city of Rosario, Argentina. It comprises eight blocks in the downtown Córdoba Street, from Oroño Boulevard east up to Paraguay Street. This segment and the adjacent streets showcase a number of historical buildings, from public and private institutions to former mansions of wealthy families. These have been preserved or restored under the sponsorship of a municipal preservation program.
Important sites along and around the Paseo del Siglo include:

The former Palace of Justice, now the Faculty of Law of the National University of Rosario;
Normal School No. 2, now a National Historic Monument.
The former Police Headquarters, which now houses the seat of the delegation of the provincial government, some municipal offices, and a memorial (Centro Popular de la Memoria) at the site of Dirty War illegal detention center;
The Basilica Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, the seat of the Archdiocese of Rosario;
The Dr. Juan Álvarez Library;
The seat of the Rosario Board of Trade and the Palacio Minetti, already within the pedestrian-only segment of Córdoba St., one block from the officially recognized end of the Paseo;
Two important urban squares, Plaza San Martín and Plaza Pringles."
Recife Antigo,"Recife Antigo (Old Recife) is the historical section of central Recife, Brazil. It is located on the Island of Recife, near the Recife harbor. This historic area has been recently recovered and now holds several clubs, bars and a high-tech center called Porto Digital.

"
St Vincent Place,"St Vincent Place is a heritage precinct in Albert Park, Victoria, Australia.
St Vincent Place is bounded by Park Street, Cecil Street, Bridport Street, Cardigan Place and Nelson Road. It is bisected by Montague Street, allowing the passage of trams on route 1.  It is an example of nineteenth century residential development around the large landscaped square St Vincent Gardens  It is characterised by beautiful original terrace houses of the 1860s and 1870s.[1]
According to the Victorian Heritage Register, ""The St Vincent Place precinct was first designed in 1854 or 55, probably by Andrew Clarke, the Surveyor-General of Victoria. Prior to this, St Vincent's Place, as it is known now, was used as a race track for horses for a period of 9 months or so.  The current layout is the work of Clement designers, the noted surveyor, engineer and topographer, who adapted the design in 1857 to allow for its intersection by the St Kilda railway. The precinct, which in its original configuration extended from Park Street in the north to Bridport Street in the south, and from Howe Crescent in the east to Nelson Road and Cardigan Street in the west, was designed to emulate similar 'square' developments in London, although on a grander scale. The main streets were named after British naval heroes. The development of the special character of St Vincent Place has been characterised, since the first land sales in the 1860s, by a variety of housing stock which has included quality row and detached houses dominated by Rochester Terrace (Heritage Register Number 813), and by the gardens which, although they have been continuously developed, remain faithful to the initial landscape concept.""[2]"
Salamanca Place,"Salamanca Place is a precinct of Hobart, the capital city of the Australian state of Tasmania.
Salamanca Place itself consists of rows of sandstone buildings, formerly warehouses for the port of Hobart Town that have since been converted into restaurants, galleries, craft shops and offices. It was named after the victory in 1812 of the Duke of Wellington in the Battle of Salamanca in the Spanish province of Salamanca. It was previously called ""The Cottage Green"".
Each Saturday, Salamanca Place is the site for Salamanca Market, which is popular with tourists and locals. The markets are ranked as one of the most popular tourist attractions visited each year.Salamanca Place is also popular after dark with both locals and visitors enjoying bars and eateries located there and the nearby wharves.
In the mid-1990s, Salamanca Square, a sheltered public square was built. Ringed by shops, cafes, and restaurants, the centrepiece fountain and its lawns are a safe environment where children play alongside individuals and families. There is also an adjoining undercover carpark and a large apartment complex.
There are many laneways and several squares adjacent to Salamanca Place, built during the whaling industry boom in the early and mid-19th century.
Salamanca Place is featured as a property in the Australian version of Monopoly."
"Sovetsky, Baku","Sovetsky (Azerbaijani: Sovetski, listen ; Russian: Советская) is a historic district in Baku, Azerbaijan. It is located in Yasamal raion, between Nariman Narimanov Avenue (former Sovetsky Avenue) and Mirza Ibrahimov Street, and between Nizami and Ibrahim Abilov streets. There are many historical buildings over a century old, museums, mosques, baths and houses of notable Azerbaijanis.
During renovation of the area in 2014–2016 many buildings were demolished, among them several cultural heritage monuments."
Sullivans Cove,"Sullivans Cove is on the River Derwent adjacent to the Hobart City Centre in Tasmania.
It was the site of initial European settlement in the area, and the location of the earlier components of the Port of Hobart."
Upper Town (Thessaloniki),"Thessaloniki's Upper Town called Ano Poli (Greek: Άνω Πόλη, [ˈano ˈpoli]) is the old town of Thessaloniki and is located around the city's acropolis north of the city center. The neighborhood is known for its well preserved Byzantine and Ottoman era structures and urban design and as a center for Thessaloniki's poets, intellectuals, and bohemians.

Ano Poli is one of the most traditional areas in Thessaloniki. The area preserves much of the Byzantine and Ottoman era city design which was largely destroyed elsewhere in the city in the Great Fire of 1917. It is known for its small stone-paved streets, old squares, and houses in traditional Greek and Ottoman architecture. Ano Poli is the highest part of the city and is dominated by the city's acropolis, a Byzantine and Ottoman era fort known as the Eptapyrgio. What remains of the old city walls still surround Ano Poli and many Ottoman and Byzantine structures such as the church of Profitis Elias, the Church of Saint Nicholas Orphanos, the Taxiarches church, the Byzantine bath, the Church of Saint Catherine, the Vlatades Monastery, the Atatürk Museum, and the Alaca Imaret Mosque still stand in the neighborhood. Other landmarks include the buildings of Karipio Melathro and Villa Varvara.
During the Ottoman period Ano Poli was the main district for the Turks (Muslims) of the city while Greeks, western Europeans, and Jews lived below around the port.
On clear days Mount Olympus, about 80 km (50 mi) away across the gulf, can also be seen towering the horizon."
Urban evolution of colonial Quito,"In almost three centuries of the Spanish Colonization Period, close to one thousand cities were founded in the Americas. These new towns were built in accordance to several legislative documents that were given by the Spanish Crown to regulate, among many other aspects in the American Colonies, the creation of new settlements. In order to assure a long lasting presence of the Spanish Crown, the command given to the Conquistadors was that the settlements were to be permanent so they could have a strategic role in the discovery, conquest and administration of the new world.Quito is one of the cities founded by the Spanish. It was located 2800 meters above sea level in a territory previously occupied by an indigenous population. One of the advantages this place offered was that, due to the complicated topography of creeks and mountains, it had favorable conditions for defending the city against a possible uprising of the aboriginal inhabitants."
Landmark,"A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.In modern day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features, that have become local or national symbols."
Landmark detection,"In computer science, landmark detection is the process of finding significant landmarks in an image.  This originally referred to finding landmarks for navigational purposes – for instance, in robot vision or creating maps from satellite images.  Methods used in navigation have been extended to other fields, notably in facial recognition where it is used to identify key points on a face.  It also has important applications in medicine, identifying anatomical landmarks in medical images."
Museum,"A museum ( mew-ZEE-əm) is a community service that displays and preserves objects of significance. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects in public display, and some have private collections that are used by researchers and specialists. Compared to a library, a museum hosts a much wider ranges of objects and usually focus around a specific theme such as the arts, science, natural history, local history, and other topics. Public museums that host exhibitions and interactive demonstrations are often considered to be tourist attractions, and many museums attract large numbers of visitors from outside their host country, with the most visited museums in the world regularly attracting millions of visitors annually.
Since the establishment of the earliest known museum in ancient times, museums have been associated with academia and the preservation of rare items. Museums originated as private collections of interesting items, and only much later did the emphasis on educating the public take root."
Ecomare,"Ecomare is Texel National Park’s natural history museum. It includes a public aquarium and operates as a seal and bird sanctuary. Located in the Island of Texel, Netherlands, it was built in 1930 and had a seal animal shelter added in 1952. It is visited by over 265,000 people a year and is the largest center for nature information in the Wadden Sea. Ecomare’s stated mission is to improve its visitors’ relationship with coastal and maritime environments, to increase awareness about the fragility of natural resources, and to encourage people to protect them."
Moulin de Rouvres,"The Moulin de Rouvres is a historic site in the Rouvres-en-Woëvre commune, in the French department of Meuse. It was first mentioned in the 13th century. Originally part of a farm dating back to Gallo-Roman times, it was transformed into an abbey in the 11th century. A pond, which probably predates its construction, provided a dual function for milling and fish farming. Between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries, it became an important water mill and a major source of income for the seigneury of Rouvres-en-Woëvre.
However, faced with competition from French coastal fish and industrial gristmills, it was finally dismantled and its pond drained at the end of the 19th century. Initially transformed into a farm, it was located at the heart of the Battle of the Frontiers during World War I, then occupied by the German army and transformed into a military camp. Its proximity to the front line during the Battle of Verdun made it a strategic location, providing shelter for up to 3,000 soldiers. After the war, it returned to agricultural use, but gradually fell into disrepair. Partially restored in the early 21st century, it now houses a museum dedicated to the First World War."
Đồng Nai Biosphere Reserve,"Đồng Nai Biosphere Reserve, formerly known as Cát Tiên Biosphere Reserve, is a biosphere reserve located mainly in Đồng Nai province, Vietnam. Cát Tiên Biosphere Reserve was recognized by UNESCO in 2001. In 2011, it was expanded and renamed as Đồng Nai Biosphere Reserve.It covers an area of 966,563 hectares, with territories belonging to 5 provinces of Đồng Nai, Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Lâm Đồng and Đắk Nông. It is the largest biodiversity conservation area in the Southeast of Vietnam.Its core area is 172,502 hectares, including Cát Tiên National Park and Đồng Nai Nature-Cultural Conservation Area."
List of biosphere reserves in Vietnam,"There are 11 biosphere reserves in Vietnam recognized by UNESCO, include:

Cần Giờ Mangrove Forest, 2000
Đồng Nai Biosphere Reserve (former Cat Tien, 2001 - extended in 2011)
Cát Bà National Park, 2004
Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve, 2004
Kiên Giang Biosphere Reserve, 2006
Western Nghệ An, 2007
Mũi Cà Mau National Park, 2009
Cu Lao Cham Marine Park, 2009
Langbiang Biosphere Reserve, 2015
Núi Chúa National Park, 2021
Kon Hà Nừng Biosphere Reserve, 2021"
Nature reserve,"A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. They may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a nature park. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as ecological protection area or private protected area in legislation and in official titles of the reserves."
Ecological island,"An ecological island is a term used in New Zealand, and increasingly in Australia, to refer to an area of land (not necessarily an actual island) isolated by natural or artificial means from the surrounding land, where a natural micro-habitat exists amidst a larger differing ecosystem. In New Zealand the term is used to refer to one of several types of nationally protected areas.
In artificial ecological islands (also known as mainland islands):

all non-native species (at least predator species) have been eradicated,
native species are reintroduced and nurtured, and
the natural or artificial border is maintained to prevent reintroduction of non-native species.The ultimate goal is to recreate an ecological microcosm of the country as a whole as it was before human arrival. There is usually provision for controlled public access, and scientific study and research.
The definition does not include land within a fence erected to:

protect farm animals from wild predators
protect a specific species from specific predators
exclude farm animals only
exclude native animals (although some native animals, weka for example, may need to be excluded during a species' recovery phase).

"
Aguas Buenas Cave System,"The Aguas Buenas Cave System (Spanish: Sistema de cuevas y cavernas de Aguas Buenas) is a cave system located in the municipality of Aguas Buenas. The caves and their surrounding forest area are protected by the almost 1,800-acre Aguas Buenas Cave and Caverns System Nature Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural Sistema de Cuevas y Cavernas de Aguas Buenas) since 2002, which also extends to the municipalities of Caguas and Cidra. The reserve is important for the number of bat species found in the system, some of which are endangered (Mormoops blanvillei, Monophyllus redmani and Pteronotus portoricensis). In addition to being an important bat preserve, the nature reserve protects an important hydrological basin which is the source of a number of rivers and creeks that form part of the Loíza River basin."
Alkali Sink Ecological Reserve,"The Alkali Sink Ecological Reserve is a protected conservation area spanning approximately 930 acres in the Central Valley of California. The reserve contains a variety of habitats, such as alkali sink scrub and annual grasslands, and serves as an essential refuge for numerous migratory birds, waterfowl, and endangered species. Established in 1979 by the Fish and Game Commission, the reserve aims to preserve the remaining Alkali Sink Scrub habitat, which has been largely extirpated due to agricultural expansion, urbanization, and infrastructure development."
ASEAN Heritage Parks,"ASEAN Heritage Parks (AHP) are selected protected areas in the ASEAN region that are known for their unique biodiversity and ecosystems, wilderness and outstanding values in scenic, cultural, educational, research, recreational and tourism. Its vision is ""An ASEAN region whose biological is conserved, sustainably managed and used, and equitably shared for the well-being of its peoples."" The ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) in the Philippines serves as the secretariat of the ASEAN Heritage Parks Programme.
The ASEAN Heritage Parks were established as the ASEAN national heritage parks and nature reserves on 29 November 1984 when only 6 countries: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand were member countries. They became known by the present name on 18 December 2003 after Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam joined the organisation between 1995 and 1999. Through declarations, ASEAN member countries agreed that, ""common cooperation is necessary to conserve and manage the parks for the development and implementation of regional conservation as well as regional mechanisms complementary to national efforts to implement conservation measures.Fifty ASEAN Heritage Parks have been designated as of 2019.Nine sites are designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Kinabalu National Park of Malaysia; Gunung Mulu National Park of Malaysia; Lorentz National Park of Indonesia; Kerinci Seblat National Park and Gunung Leuser National Park as 2 of 3 national parks that form Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra of Indonesia; Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park of the Philippines; Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary of the Philippines; Khao Yai National Park and Kaeng Krachan National Park of Thailand."
Barro Colorado Island,"Barro Colorado Island is located in the man-made Gatun Lake in the middle of the Panama Canal. The island was formed when the waters of the Chagres River were dammed to form the lake in 1913.  When the waters rose, they covered a significant part of the existing tropical forest, but certain hilltops remained as islands in the middle of the lake. It has an area of 15.6 km2 (6.0 sq mi).The island was set aside as a nature reserve on April 17, 1923, by the U.S. Government. Initially administered by the Panama Canal Company under the direction of James Zetek, since 1946 Barro Colorado Island has been administered by the Smithsonian, together with five adjacent peninsulas, as the Barro Colorado Nature Monument. This Monument has an area of 54 km2. It is among the most-studied areas of tropical forest in the world. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) has a permanent research center on the island, dedicated to studying tropical forest ecosystems. Because the Island's diverse ecosystem has been very little altered by humans, Barro Colorado has been studied for over eighty years within a great variety of biological disciplines. Only the larger fauna disappeared from Barro Colorado after the lake was flooded in 1914. Many scientific studies have been conducted to document the changes in the species composition of the island.
Hundreds of scientists conduct research projects on Barro Colorado Island every year.In 1978, Thomas Croat published his Flora of Barro Colorado Island documenting the plant species on the island. In 1999, Egbert Giles Leigh, who first visited the island in 1966, and now spends half his week there, published Tropical Forest Ecology : A View from Barro Colorado Island. In 2002 The Tapir's Morning Bath by Elizabeth Royte was published, chronicling the lives and work of scientists working on the island.National Geographic produced a documentary featuring the Barro Colorado Island titled World's Last Great Places: Rain Forests released in 2007. The first selection, titled Panama Wild: Rain Forest of Life features scientists from the Smithsonian's Tropical Research Institute and also highlights the battles for survival and partnerships among species within this rich ecosystem."
Barton Point Nature Reserve,"Barton Point Nature Reserve is a 680 ha strict nature reserve on the atoll of Diego Garcia in the British Indian Ocean Territory.  It lies at the northern end of the eastern side of the atoll.  It holds a breeding colony of red-footed boobies, with over 16,000 pairs recorded in a 2004 survey, for which it was identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.  The reserve is also the site of the Barton Point Atoll Restoration Project, a pilot scheme to remove introduced and invasive coconut palms and replant native hardwood trees."
Chagos Marine Protected Area,"The Chagos Marine Protected Area, located in the central Indian Ocean in the British Indian Ocean Territory of the United Kingdom, is one of the world's largest marine protected areas, and one of the largest protected areas of any type (land or sea) on Earth. It was established by the British government on 1 April 2010 as a massive, contiguous, no-take marine reserve, it encompasses 640,000 square kilometres (250,000 sq mi) of ocean waters, including roughly 70 small islands and seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago.
The establishment of the protected area was immediately controversial, as the largest island in the area, Diego Garcia, was forcibly depopulated to make way for a United States military base in 1968 and onwards, an action that has been described as ""ethnic cleansing"". In a cable leaked by WikiLeaks, a US State Department official commented based on talks with British ministers and officials that establishing the reserve to restrict fishing would be the ""most effective long-term way to prevent any of the Chagos Islands' former inhabitants or their descendants from resettling."" The same cable explained that the protection would permit environmental damage if caused by military use: ""the terms of reference for the establishment of a marine park would clearly state that the BIOT, including Diego Garcia, was reserved for military uses. ... the establishment of a marine reserve had the potential to be a 'win-win situation in terms of establishing situational awareness' of the BIOT... [the government] sought 'no constraints on military operations' as a result of the establishment of a marine park."" An exemption in the MPA allows people from the US base on Diego Garcia to continue fishing. In 2010, more than 28 tonnes of fish was caught for use by personnel on the base.On 18 March 2015, the Permanent Court of Arbitration unanimously held that the establishment of the marine protected area (MPA) was illegal under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, as Mauritius had legally binding rights to fish in the waters surrounding the Chagos Archipelago, to an eventual return of the Chagos Archipelago, and to the preservation of any minerals or oil discovered in or near the Chagos Archipelago prior to its return.  The decision of the court is final and binding. The MPA is now under negotiation between the UK government and government of Mauritius.The CMPA is administered with assistance from the Chagos Trust, funded by donations and the British Government. Tourist visitors are generally not permitted, although as of 2016 private yachts sailing across the Indian Ocean may apply for mooring permits outside the strict nature reserve areas."
Cueva del Indio (Arecibo),"Cueva del Indio (Spanish for ""cave of the Indian"") is a seaside cave located along limestone cliffs in Islote, Arecibo along Puerto Rico's Atlantic coast. The cave and its surroundings are protected by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DRNA) as the Cueva del Indio Nature Reserve. The cave gets its name after the numerous petroglyphs created by the Taínos."
D'Arros Island,"D'Arros Island is part of the Amirante Islands group, which are in the Outer Islands (Coralline Seychelles) coral archipelago of the Seychelles islands and nation. The island is located west of the granitic Inner Seychelles archipelago, with a distance of 255 km south of Victoria, Seychelles."
"Danger Island, Great Chagos Bank","Danger Island is the westernmost and the southernmost island of the Great Chagos Bank, which is the world's largest coral atoll structure, located in the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean."
Eagle Islands,"Eagle Islands is a group of two islands in the Chagos Archipelago. They are located on the central-western rim of the Great Chagos Bank, which is the world's largest coral atoll structure."
Eiao Island Nature Reserve,"The Eiao Nature Reserve is a nature reserve encompassing the whole of the island of Eiao in the northern Marquesas Islands, as well as several surrounding rocks.  The reserve was declared in 1971, as a first step in preserving whatever remains of the devastated ecosystem, which has almost entirely been destroyed through over-grazing by feral goats, sheep and swine.
The reserve is the primary nesting site of several endangered species, several of which are endemic, including the Eiao Marquesan warbler (Acrocephalus mendanae aquilonis) and the Iphis monarch (Pomarea iphis)."
Gales Point Wildlife Sanctuary,"The Gales Point Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Belize District approximately 23.7 southwest of Belize City and 34 km north of Dangriga.  The Sanctuary includes Southern Lagoon, Sapodilla Lagoon, Western Lagoon, Quashie Trap Lagoon and a portion of the Manatee river. It has a shoreline of 66-foot that is along all the lagoons and waterways except for the peninsula. The Wildlife Sanctuary covers a complex matrix of creeks, mangroves, mudflats and brackish lagoons.  Both the rivers and creeks drains into the lagoon from the west.  The lagoon is also connected to the Caribbean Sea via the Bar River."
Gibraltar Nature Reserve,"The Gibraltar Nature Reserve (formerly the Upper Rock Nature Reserve) is a protected nature reserve in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar that covers over 40% of the territory's land area. It was established as the Upper Rock Nature Reserve in 1993 under the International Union for Conservation of Nature's category Ia (strict nature reserve) and was last extended in 2013. It is known for its semi-wild population of Barbary macaques, and is an important resting point for migrating birds."
Great Chagos Bank,"The Great Chagos Bank, in the Chagos Archipelago, about 500 km (310 mi) south of Maldives, is the largest atoll structure in the world, with a total area of 12,642 km2 (4,881 sq mi).  The atoll is administered by the United Kingdom through the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT)."
Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area,"The Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area is a nature reserve in the Gobi Desert, situated in the southwestern part of Mongolia at the border with China. A similar reserve in the Gobi exists farther to the west - the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area. Both reserves form one unit, the Great Gobi Strictly Protected Area (SPA), which encompasses a total of 53,000 km2 (20,000 sq mi). Great Gobi A is one of the last refuges for critically endangered animals such as the wild Bactrian camel and the Gobi bear."
Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area,"Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area is a nature reserve in Gobi desert, situated in the south-western part of Mongolia at the border with China. A similar reserve in a drier part of the Gobi exists further to the east - the Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area.

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Hacienda Belvedere,"Hacienda Belvedere, also known as Finca Belvedere (Belvedere Farm in English), is a former 1,649-acre plantation located in Miradero, in the municipality of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. It was the second largest plantation in the region (after Hacienda La Monserrate in Boquerón). There are debating theories as to the foundation and development of Hacienda Belvedere: one proposed by writer Ferreras Pagán states that the plantation was founded by the Cabassa brothers in the late 19th century, while local sources claim that it was founded in the early 19th century by the Monagas family. There is however no conflicting history regarding the hacienda's development during the early 20th century, when the plantation was owned and operated by the Vidal family until 1922, when it was leased to Manuel de Santiago of Hacienda Borinquen.Although the farm buildings no longer exist some of its infrastructure, including the sugar mill or trapiche and the chimney, still stand. The plantation area, now reforested, is protected by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DRNA) as the Belvedere Farm Nature Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural Finca Belvedere), as part of the Boquerón State Forest, one of the 20 units in the Puerto Rico state forests system."
Hatutu Nature Reserve,"The Hatutu Nature Reserve is a nature reserve encompassing the whole of the island of Hatutu in the northern Marquesas Islands.  The reserve was declared in 1971, and is the primary nesting site of several endangered species, several of which are endemic, including the Hatutu Marquesan warbler (Acrocephalus mendanae postremus) and the Marquesas ground dove (Gallicolumba rubescens).  The Hatutu Nature Reserve is home to one of the most important nesting grounds for the blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii)."
Île aux Aigrettes,"Ile aux Aigrettes is an islet off the south-east coast of Mauritius. It functions as a nature reserve and a scientific research station. It is also a popular visitors attraction - both for tourists and for Mauritians.

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Ile Longue (Peros Banhos),"Ile Longue (Long Island) is a 26 ha island on the Peros Banhos Atoll in the Chagos Archipelago of the British Indian Ocean Territory.  It is part of the Peros Banhos strict nature reserve and has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for sooty terns, of which 32,000 pairs were recorded in a 2004 survey."
Ile Parasol,"Ile Parasol (Parasol Island) is an 8 ha island on the Peros Banhos Atoll in the Chagos Archipelago of the British Indian Ocean Territory.  It is part of the Peros Banhos strict nature reserve and has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for sooty terns, of which 14,000 pairs were recorded in a 2004 survey."
"Île Ronde, Mauritius",Round Island is an uninhabited islet 22.5 kilometres north of Mauritius. It has an area of 1.69  square kilometres and a maximum elevation of 280 metres. The island has been a nature reserve since 1957 and is administered jointly by the National Parks and Conservation Service and the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.
Isla Iguana Wildlife Refuge,The Isla Iguana Wildlife Refuge is a 58-hectare wildlife reserve located 5 kilometers off the Los Santos Province on the Azuero Peninsula in Panama.
Kula Eco Park,"Kula WILD Adventure Park is Fiji's biggest Family Fun Park and an ecological preserve in Fiji. It is located on Fiji's largest island, Viti Levu, near Sigatoka. The area was originally established as a bird park in the 1980s, but was bought by Kula Management in January 1997. With an extensive system of walkways through the park, and a wide range of attractions, the park is now a popular tourist attraction."
Láng Sen Wetland Reserve,"Lang Sen Wetland Reserve (Vietnamese language: Khu bảo tồn đất ngập nước Láng Sen) is a wetland area in Dong Thap Muoi, Long An Province, Vietnam."
Larnaca Salt Lake,"Larnaca Salt Lake (Greek: Αλυκή Λάρνακας, Turkish: Larnaka Tuz Gölü) is a complex network of four salt lakes (3 of them interconnected) of different sizes to the west of the city of Larnaca. The largest is lake Aliki, followed by lake Orphani, lake Soros and lake Spiro. They form the second largest salt lake in Cyprus after the Limassol Salt Lake. The total surface area of the lakes adds up to 2.2 km2 and being just off the road leading to Larnaca International Airport, the lake is one of the most distinctive landmarks of the area. It is considered one of the most important wetlands of Cyprus and it has been declared a Ramsar site, Natura 2000 site, Special Protected Area under the Barcelona Convention and an Important Bird Area (IBA). It is surrounded by halophytic scrubland and on its bank lies the Hala Sultan Tekke, one of the holiest of shrines within Ottoman Islam. It houses the tomb of Umm Haram, Muhammad's 'wet-nurse'.
Besides its picturesque beauty, the lake is the haunt of 85 species of water-birds with estimated populations between 20,000 and 38,000. It is one of the important migratory passages through Cyprus. Among the species are 2,000–12,000 flamingoes (Phoenicopterus roseus) which spend the winter months there feeding off populations of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. Other important bird species are Grus grus, Charadrius alexandrines, Larus ridibundus, Himantopus himantopus, Burhinus oedicnemus, Hoplopterus spinosus, Oenanthe cypriaca and Sylvia melanothorax. Flocks of birdwatchers gather to observe the blaze of pink from flamingoes as they gather in the centre of the lake but also the other important migrants. The Larnaca Salt Lake complex was declared as a protected area by a decision of the Council of Ministers in 1997.
Recent evidence suggests that contrary to previous belief the greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) not only stops over but also breeds on this wetland.During the winter months the lake fills with water while in the summer the water evaporates, leaving a crust of salt and a haze of grey dust. According to legend, the lake's saltiness stems from St Lazarus' request to an old woman for food and drink. She refused, claiming her vines had dried up, to which Lazarus replied: ""may your vines be dry and be a salt lake forever more."" A more scientific explanation is that the salt water penetrates the porous rock between the lake and the sea, making the water very salty.Salt harvested from this lake used to be one of the island's major exports, being collected with donkeys, carried to the edge of the lake, and piled up into huge pyramidal heaps. With rising labour costs harvesting dwindled to a negligible amount and stopped altogether in 1986 as the island now imports most of this commodity.

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Marquesan Nature Reserves,"The Marquesan Nature Reserves are a network of small nature reserves in the Marquesas Islands.  The reserves were declared by the government of French Polynesia in 1992, as a first step toward preserving the native flora and fauna of some of the smaller islands of the group.
The reserve system presently consists of four units:

Eiao Island Nature Reserve, encompassing Eiao and its surrounding rocks (8.002°S 140.703°W / -8.002; -140.703 (Eiao Island Nature Reserve))
Hatutu Nature Reserve, including the island of Hatutu and its surrounding rocks (7.918°S 140.572°W / -7.918; -140.572 (Hatutu Nature Reserve))
Motane Nature Reserve, including the islands of Moho Tani and Terihi, as well as a few surrounding rocks (9.986°S 138.829°W / -9.986; -138.829 (Motane Nature Reserve))
Motu One Reserve, covering the coral reef and sandy island network of Motu One (7.868°S 140.378°W / -7.868; -140.378 (Motu One Reserve))In 1996 Lucien Kimitete, the Mayor of Nuku Hiva, proposed that the Marquesas become a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In May 2022 public consultations on their listing began.

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Merzse-marsh,"Merzse-marsh Nature Reserve (also known as Merse-marsh, or Merzse Marsh) is a nature reserve located at the eastern edge of Budapest, close to the Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport. It is one of the most undisturbed wetlands in Budapest."
Middle Brother (Chagos Bank),"Middle Brother, also known as Île du Milieu, is an 8-hectare coral island on the Great Chagos Bank atoll of the Chagos Archipelago in the British Indian Ocean Territory.  It is one of the three islands in the Three Brothers group on the western side of the atoll, and forms part of the Chagos Archipelago strict nature reserve.  It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International for its significance as a breeding site for seabirds, notably sooty terns, of which 12,500 pair were recorded in a 2004 survey. 

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Motane Nature Reserve,"The Motane One Reserve is a nature reserve containing the whole of the islands of Moho Tani and Terihi, as well as the surrounding rocks, in the southern Marquesas Islands. It was declared in 1992, as the first step toward protecting the ecosystem, much of which, on Moho Tani, has been destroyed by over-grazing by feral sheep, pigs and goats. Terihi and the smaller rocks are home to large seabird rookeries. The island and its ecological disaster is mentioned by Thor Heyerdahl in his book Green Was the Earth on the Seventh Day.

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Motu One Reserve,"The Motu One Reserve is a nature reserve encompassing the whole of the island and reef system of Motu One in the northern Marquesas Islands.  The reserve was declared in 1992, and is the site of a large seabird rookery as well as a nesting ground for sea turtles.

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Musoma Central Forest Reserve,"Musoma Central Forest is located in Masindi, Uganda. The Forest Reserve showcases Uganda's landscape, wildlife, and culture."
National nature reserve,"Nature reserves deemed to be of national importance, or controlled by a national-level body may be known as national nature reserves.

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Nelsons Island,"Nelsons Island or Nelson Island or Isle Legour is a small uninhabited island in the Great Chagos Bank, of the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. As a protected nature reserve, access to the island is strictly restricted.The island is administered by the British Indian Ocean Territory, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, but sovereignty is disputed by Mauritius."
Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary,"Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary, is an island sanctuary in Uganda, dedicated to the care of orphaned eastern chimpanzees, that have been rescued by the Uganda Wildlife Authority. Many of the chimpanzees were rescued from poachers and are unlikely to survive reintroduction to the wild.

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North Brother (Chagos Bank),"North Brother, also known as Île du Nord, is a round 6 ha coral island on the Great Chagos Bank atoll of the Chagos Archipelago in the British Indian Ocean Territory.  It is one of the three islands in the Three Brothers group on the western side of the atoll, and forms part of the Chagos Archipelago strict nature reserve.  It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for 20,000 seabirds, notably Audubon's shearwaters of which 420 pairs were recorded in a 2004 survey. 

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Peros Banhos,"Peros Banhos, Pedro dos Banhos or Baixos de Pêro dos Banhos in old maps, is a formerly inhabited atoll in the Chagos Archipelago of the British Indian Ocean Territory, also claimed by Mauritius.Île Yeye, located at the northeastern corner of the atoll, is the island of the Chagos Archipelago that is closest to the Maldives."
Petite Ile Bois Mangue,"Petite Île Bois Mangue (French for ""Little Mango Wood Island"") is a 9 ha island on the Peros Banhos Atoll in the Chagos Archipelago of the British Indian Ocean Territory.  It is part of the Peros Banhos strict nature reserve and has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for lesser noddies, of which 12,000 pairs were recorded in a 2004 survey."
Reserve design,"Reserve design is the process of planning and creating a nature reserve in a way that effectively accomplishes the goal of the reserve.
Reserve establishment has a variety of goals, and planners must consider many factors for a reserve to be successful. These include habitat preference, migration, climate change, and public support. To accommodate these factors and fulfill the reserve's goal requires that planners create and implement a specific design."
Resurgent Island,
Robben Island,"Robben Island (Afrikaans: Robbeneiland) is an island in Table Bay, 6.9 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of the coast of Bloubergstrand, north of Cape Town, South Africa. It takes its name from the Dutch word for seals (robben), hence the Dutch/Afrikaans name Robbeneiland, which translates to Seal(s) Island.
Robben Island is roughly oval in shape, 3.3 kilometres (2 miles) long north–south, and 1.9 km (1+1⁄8 mi) wide, with an area of 5.08 km2 (1+31⁄32 sq mi). It is flat and only a few metres above sea level, as a result of an ancient erosion event. It was fortified and used as a prison from the late-seventeenth century until 1996, after the end of apartheid.
Political activist and lawyer Nelson Mandela was imprisoned on the island for 18 of the 27 years of his imprisonment before the fall of apartheid and introduction of full, multi-racial democracy. He was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and was elected in 1994 as President of South Africa, becoming the country's first black president and serving one term from 1994–1999. In addition, the majority of prisoners were detained here for political reasons. Two other former inmates of Robben Island, in addition to Mandela, have been elected to the presidency since the late-1990s: Kgalema Motlanthe (2008–2009) and Jacob Zuma (2009–2018).
Robben Island is a South African National Heritage Site as well as a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
Sea Cow Island,"Sea Cow Island, also known as Île Vache Marine, is a round 18 ha island on the Great Chagos Bank atoll of the Chagos Archipelago in the British Indian Ocean Territory. 

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Skálanes,"Skálanes (Icelandic pronunciation: ​[ˈskauːlaˌnɛːs]) Nature and Heritage Centre is placed within a 1250 hectare nature reserve situated on a peninsula 17 km east of Seyðisfjörður, East Iceland. The reserve has a rich natural and historical life consisting of native plants, a wide range of wildlife consisting of 47 different bird species, local reindeer herds, arctic foxes, and more than 80 archaeological sites.
Skálanes works as an independent, non-profit natural science research station and a member of INTERACT - International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic. Skálanes is collaborating with a wide range of International and Icelandic researchers and natural science institutes, hosting week-long excursions for university students and professors, developing educational material for young learners, and engaging with non-scientific communities and crowds offering guided hikes and talks on the local landscape and the natural fauna.
The intention of Skálanes is to create an experimental platform for scientific, social and cultural exploration focusing on practical solutions in sustainability and species diversity.
Today, Skálanes is collaborating with educational institutions such as: Southern Connecticut State University, Earlham College, Liverpool John Moores University, Wellesley College and University of Glasgow, providing the foundation for a variety of research topics in the fields of natural history, biology, archaeology, anthropology, conservation and ecology."
South Brother (Chagos Bank),"South Brother, also known as Île du Sud, is a 23 ha coral island on the Great Chagos Bank atoll of the Chagos Archipelago in the British Indian Ocean Territory.  It is one of the three islands in the Three Brothers group on the western side of the atoll, and forms part of the Chagos Archipelago strict nature reserve.  It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for seabirds, including brown noddies (with 6100 breeding pairs recorded in a 2004 survey) and lesser noddies (7300 pairs)."
Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve,"Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve is India's 51st tiger reserve and 5th tiger reserve of Tamil Nadu. It was formed by combining Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary and Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary. On 8 February 2021, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change gave notification of this new tiger reserve. On 6 April 2021, the Government of Tamil Nadu and forest department approved the creation of a new tiger reserve in Tamil Nadu and on 11 April 2021 a new tiger reserve was formed.Tiger reserve area : 1016.57 km2Tiger reserve area : 1016.57 km2Core area : 641. 86 km2Buffer area :  374.70 km2It is mainly formed for connecting adjacent wild life sanctuaries such as Periyar sanctuary, Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, and Thenmala reserve forests which are being unconnected. It will act as a connecting bridge of all adjacent sanctuaries and also to make it as a contiguous corridor where big cats can thrive. These two sanctuaries (Megamalai Tiger Reserve and Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary) are acting as a buffer zones for all the above-mentioned sanctuaries until now. NTCA, which is the abbreviation of National Tiger Conservation Authority, has approved this new tiger reserve.Though its areas are covers the Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary also for tiger protection. This Tiger Reserve also gives a buffer zone for the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary. It also give a better connection for animals in that forest to move around freely from Periyar Tiger Reserve to Srivilliputhur Wildlife Sanctuary via Megamalai Forests. It also gives protection to the Vaigai river which originates from Megamalai which gives protection from land encroaches and starts to flow again as a perennial river. Thus this new tiger reserve will help in transformation of Vaigai river to perennial river from non-perennial river.Deputy director: Dilip Kumar"
St. Joseph Atoll,"Saint Joseph Atoll is part of the Amirante Islands group, which are in the Outer Islands (Coralline Seychelles) coral archipelago of the Seychelles islands and nation. The atoll is located southwest of the granitic Inner Seychelles archipelago, with a distance of 248 km south of Victoria, Seychelles.

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Strict nature reserve,"A strict nature reserve (IUCN category Ia) or wilderness area (IUCN category Ib) is the highest category of protected area recognised by the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), a body which is part of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). These category I areas are the most stringently protected natural landscapes."
Tajba,"Tajba is a National Natural Reserve in the cadastre of the village Streda nad Bodrogom in Slovakia. It is situated around an oxbow of the River Bodrog.
The territory measures 273,600 square metres (67.6 acres) and it is a home of rare marsh communities. Species include the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis), which is listed in the Red Book of Endangered Species as a critically endangered.
On May 25, 1966 the Slovak Parliament approved the Tajba Reserve as a European pond turtle sanctuary.
However, from the very beginning the reserve was plagued by a number of serious problems: dredging and calcification of the water-bed, bulrush harvesting, the building of a duck-farm and poisoned baits for suppressing vermin at a nearby pheasantry. As if this catalogue of small disasters was not enough, oil spilled into the reserve from a neighbouring agricultural facility which releases its wastes into the water as a matter of course. Turtles were wiped out in the part of the reserve stricken by this contamination. Despite this, in 1986 Dr. Jozef Voskar registered a dynamic population of all age categories in the undamaged areas.
The worst catastrophe, however, was caused by the dredging of the nearby Bodrog river which resulted in a lowering of the water table and hence the water surface at Tajbe. The water surface dropped to the greatest extent in the parts of the reserve that remained unaffected by the oil spillage and the sewage. In consequence, the area where the turtles had laid their eggs was left 500 metres (1,600 ft) from the water's edge. Even if some of the fittest females were capable of reaching the pool, the newly hatched turtles would have no chance whatsoever of returning to the water.
The present situation at Tajba is an ecological disaster. The possibilities of recovery are currently being weighed; the Aqua-Tera club of the Košice University of Veterinary Medicíne would like to contribute to the rescue of the turtles by releasing the turtles it reared into the wild.

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Tanoboase Sacred Grove and Shrine,"Tanoboase Sacred Grove and Shrine is near the village of Tanoboase in the Techiman, Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. It is believed to be the cradle and the traditional home of the Bono people. It is said by the Tanoboase people that powerful Ashanti Gods reside in the sacred grove.  Historically the site is where Ashanti Wars were fought. The grove was a hideout during the slave trade and inter-tribal wars. The grove is also a place for religious activities."
Tapiche Reserve,"The Tapiche Reserve is a private conservation property located in Tapiche District, Requena Province, Loreto Region in Peru. The reserve is designated by the Peruvian government as a Private Conservation Area (PCA)."
"Three Brothers, Chagos","The Three Brothers are a group of three small coral islands 20 kilometres (12 miles) east of Eagle Islands along the central western rim of the Great Chagos Bank, which is the world's largest coral atoll structure, located in the Chagos Archipelago.

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Tsoungria,"Tsougria, Tsoungria, or Tsougkria (Greek: Τσουγκριά, pronounced [t͡suˈgrʝa]) is a Greek island in the western part of the Sporades. As of 2011, it had no resident population, as it is a protected natural habitat. It is administratively part of the municipality of Skiathos and is located southeast of the island. The island has several beaches that are popular with yachts and round-island trips."
Zapovednik,"Zapovednik is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area which is kept ""forever wild"". It is the highest degree of environmental protection for the assigned areas, which are strictly protected and access to the public is restricted."
Zoo Botanical Park Dois Irmãos,"The Zoo Botanical Park Dois Irmãos, is located in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco - Brazil. The park has an area of 384.4 ha, 14 of which is dedicated for the Zoo Botanical and a Natural Science Museum, and the remaining area for an Atlantic Forest reserve (considered one of the largest atlantic forest area in the state). This park offers to the visitors the possibility to know about the local ecosystems, plants and wildlife. It has about 650 animals - birds, reptiles and mammals - from more than 120 species.
It is the most representative Zoo in the North/Northeast region of Brazil, highlighted by events and pioneers innovative activities in areas such environmental education and breeding animals in captivity. Also in this park, nature knowledge is acquired through experience and direct contact with animals, making the Zoo no longer just a window of animals to become a Nature conservation center. The park was founded in 1916, in the land of engenho Dois Irmãos (which means two brothers), owned by Antonio and Tomas Lins Caldas."
Observation deck,"An observation deck, observation platform, or viewing platform is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a skyscraper or observation tower. Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coin-operated telescopes for viewing distant features."
5 Fingers (Austria),"5 Fingers is a free viewing platform in the Dachstein Mountains of Upper Austria, on Mount Krippenstein. It was named ""5 Fingers"" by virtue of its hand-like shape.
The individual fingers, which are approximately 4 m (13 ft) long fingers, are built over a precipice of about 400 m (1,300 ft) depth.
The viewing platform is less than a 20-minute walk from the Krippenstein Station of the Dachstein cable car line."
AlpspiX Viewing Platform,"The AlpspiX is a steel viewing platform that is attached at an altitude of about 2050 m on the Osterfelderkopf, a 2057 m high secondary summit of the Alpspitze. The walkable, free-floating arms of the AlpspiX are covered with gratings and provide a view of the Höllental, about 1000 meters below. The construction is about 20 meters above the mountain station of the Alpspitzbahn and has been open to the public and free of charge since July 4, 2010. At the same time as the Alpspix, a 700-meter-long circular trail, the ""summit adventure trail"", was opened in the vicinity."
At the Top (Burj Khalifa),"At the Top is an outdoor observation deck on the Burj Khalifa. It opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor. At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened. Although it was surpassed in December 2011 by Cloud Top 488 on the Canton Tower, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft), Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving it the highest observation deck in the world on 15 October 2014, until the Shanghai Tower opened in June 2016 with an observation deck at a height of 561 metres. The 124th floor observation deck also features the electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed by Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at different times of day or under different weather conditions. To reduce the daily rush of sightseers, management allows visitors to purchase tickets in advance for a specific date and time, at a 75% discount on tickets purchased on the spot.On 8 February 2010, the observation deck was closed to the public for two months after power-supply problems caused an elevator to become stuck between floors, trapping a group of tourists for 45 minutes.When the tide is low and visibility is high, people can see the shores of Iran from the top of the skyscraper."
Grand Canyon Skywalk,"The Grand Canyon Skywalk is a horseshoe-shaped cantilever bridge with a glass walkway at Eagle Point in Arizona near the Colorado River, on the edge of a side canyon in the Grand Canyon West area of the main canyon. It opened as a tourist attraction in 2007, located outside the boundaries of the Grand Canyon National Park.
USGS topographic maps indicate the Skywalk's elevation as 4,770 ft (1,450 m) above sea level. The elevation of the Colorado River at the base of the canyon below is 1,160 ft (350 m).  The vertical drop directly below the skywalk is 500 to 800 feet (150 to 240 m). The attraction is immediately north of Grand Canyon West Airport and about 75 miles (121 km) east of Las Vegas, Nevada, although nearly 130 miles (210 km) by car. The nearest city with a population greater than 10,000 people is Kingman, Arizona, about 50 miles (80 km) south.
Commissioned and owned by the Hualapai Indian tribe, the skywalk was unveiled March 20, 2007, and opened to the general public on March 28, 2007. The attraction's operators have reported over one million visitors  per year several times, first occurring in 2015."
Il spir,"Il Spir is a viewing platform at Conn, a location near Flims in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. 
The platform overlooking the Ruinaulta gorge of the Vorderrhein river was designed by Corinna Menn and opened in 2006. It allows a good view of the gorge and the river lying some 400 meters below. While it took 40,000,000 years to develop the Grand Canyon in Arizona, the young Rhine dug this gorge within 10,000 years. This is the age of Flims Rockslide, which covered the original Rhine valley with its debris. The river is still running through debris, meaning it has not reached the former valley yet. Flims Rockslide is the biggest rockslide whose effects are still visible in the world. 
The platform has the shape of a common swift, a common sight at the southern faces of the gorge, and consists of one single pylon, anchored by wire rope.
There is no access to near the platform for individual traffic nor public transport and the only means of transport is a privately rented carriage. Walking from Flims-Waldhaus, one can reach the platform in less than an hour, which is a slightly shorter distance as to Trin-Mulin, both villages being on the main road and offering an hourly service by the Swiss postbus system. The multi-day trekking route ""Senda Sursilvana"" passes Conn as well."
Komtar Skywalk,"The Komtar Skywalk is the highest outdoor glass sky walk in Malaysia. It is located at the top of Komtar, the tallest skyscraper in George Town, Penang. The horseshoe-shaped cantilever bridge with a glass walkway sits at an elevation of 248.7 metres (816 ft) above ground.
Launched in 2016, the Komtar Skywalk, also known as the Rainbow Skywalk, was part of the major facelift of Komtar undertaken by Only World Group, a local private limited firm specialising in food and beverages.The U-shaped 16 metre-long glass walkway offers visitors an unimpeded panoramic view of the cityscape of George Town, its surrounding suburbs such as Tanjung Tokong, Pulau Tikus and Air Itam, and the Penang Hill."
One Liberty Observation Deck,"One Liberty Observation Deck, also called Philly From The Top, was an 883 ft (269 m) high observation deck that was located on the 57th floor of One Liberty Place in Center City, Philadelphia.The deck was closed permanently in September 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
Richmond City Hall Observation Deck,"Richmond City Hall Observation Deck is the observation deck on the 18th floor of the Richmond, Virginia City Hall. It's free to the public. Access is through the elevators on the main floor, however access is currently prohibited to the public."
Sky100,"Sky100 is a 360-degree indoor observation deck, which offers views of Hong Kong Island, Victoria Harbour, the Kowloon Peninsula and Tai Mo Shan."
SkyPoint Observation Deck,"SkyPoint (formerly Q1 Observation Deck and QDeck) is an observation deck located 230 metres (750 ft) off the ground at the top of the Q1 on the Gold Coast, Australia. The attraction is operated by Ardent Leisure."
Sphinx Observatory,"The Sphinx Observatory is an astronomical observatory located above the Jungfraujoch in Switzerland. It is named after the Sphinx, a rocky summit on which it is located. At 3,571 m (11,716 ft) above mean sea level, it is one of the highest observatories in the world. Accessible to the public, it is also the second highest observation deck in Switzerland. The mountain top has been tunneled to fit an elevator which ascends to the observatory from the Jungfraujoch railway station, the highest such train station in Europe. The building is located on the Valais side of the border, only a few metres from the canton of Bern, although it is accessed via the Jungfrau Railway from the Bernese Oberland.
The open viewing deck accessible to the public is adjacent to the observatory. It offers views of the Jungfrau, Mönch, and Eiger peaks, all within a few kilometers."
Widow's walk,"A widow's walk, also known as a widow's watch or roofwalk, is a railed rooftop platform often having an inner cupola/turret frequently found on 19th-century North American coastal houses. The name is said to come from the wives of mariners, who would watch for their spouses' return, often in vain as the ocean took their lives, leaving the women widows. In other coastal communities, the platforms were called captain's walks, as they topped the homes of the more successful captains; supposedly, ship owners and captains would use them to search the horizon for ships due in port.
However, there is little or no evidence that widow's walks were intended or regularly used to observe shipping. Widow's walks are in fact a standard decorative feature of Italianate architecture, which was very popular during the height of the Age of Sail in many North American coastal communities. The widow's walk is a variation of the Italianate cupola.  The Italianate cupola, its larger instance being an archetypal belvedere, was an important ornate finish to this style, although it was often high maintenance and prone to leaks.Beyond their use as viewing platforms, they are frequently built around the chimney of the residence, thus creating access to the structure. This allows the residents of the home to pour sand down burning chimneys in the event of a chimney fire in the hope of preventing the house from burning down."
Palace,"A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which housed the Imperial residences.Most European languages have a version of the term (palais, palazzo, palacio, etc.), and many use it for a wider range of buildings than English. In many parts of Europe, the equivalent term is also applied to large private houses in cities, especially of the aristocracy, for example the Italian palazzo; often the term for a large country house is different. Many historic palaces are now put to other uses such as parliaments, museums, hotels, or office buildings. The word is also sometimes used to describe a lavishly ornate building used for public entertainment or exhibitions such as a movie palace.
A palace is normally distinguished from a castle in that the latter clearly is fortified or has the style of a fortification, whereas a palace does not."
List of palaces,The following is a list of palaces by country.
Cavalier house,"A cavaliers' house or cavalier house (from ""cavalier"" meaning horseman or cavalryman) was a building that formed part of the ensemble of a stately home, palace or schloss and was used to accommodate the royal or princely household. They emerged in the Baroque era.
The name is derived from the original use of such buildings for accommodating cavalrymen. Later it became synonymous for the building attached to a palace or stately home that was not used by the royal family themselves, but by courtiers, high officials, couriers or guests.
In Baroque ensembles, cavalier houses and palace were frequently around a cour d'honneur and could be linked by galleries or stand entirely separate. There were no hard and fast rules, so that a cavalier house could sometimes be found in the palace park. Depending on the area, size and importance of the actual residenz – and the status of its noble family – a cavalier house could even be a schloss in its own right or take on a more modest appearance sometimes resembling a burgher's house."
Dar El Cherif,"Dar El Cherif is an old palace in the Medina of Tunis.  It is located in Sidi Maaouia Street, near El Monastiri and Achour Streets.
The palace was built in the middle of the 19th century.  It is known for its italian facade."
Guatemala Post Office Building,"The Guatemala Post Office Building is a building in Guatemala City, Guatemala. It is the management centre of postal services in Guatemala. It was constructed between 1937 and 1940.
The characteristic archway of the building was inspired by the Santa Catalina Arch in Antigua Guatemala."
Ice palace,"An ice palace or ice castle is a castle-like structure made of blocks of ice.  These blocks are usually harvested from nearby rivers or lakes when they become frozen in winter. The first known ice palace (or, rather, ice house, ледяной дом in Russian) appeared in St. Petersburg, Russia, when Anna Ivanovna, Empress of Russia, commissioned an ice palace in St. Petersburg, Russia, during the winter of 1739–40. Architect Piotr Eropkin and scientist Georg Wolfgang Krafft used huge ice blocks measuring 16 m (52 ft) long by 5 m (16 ft) wide, joined together with frozen water, to build the palace. The city recreates the ice palace every winter.

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Istanbul Justice Palace,"The Istanbul Justice Palace (Turkish: İstanbul Adalet Sarayı) is a courthouse in the Şişli district of Istanbul, Turkey. Inaugurated in July 2011, it is the largest courthouse in Europe, with an area of over 300,000 m2 (3,200,000 sq ft). It was built by the VARYAP construction subsidiary of the Varlıbaş Group."
Kayqubadiyya Palace,"Kayqubadiyya, was a palace built by the Rum Sultan Kayqubad I between 1224 and 1226. Located northwest of Kayseri, the place is now called Kiybad Ciftligi and sits near the plain of Mashhad. As a place to review the troops, the road, which proceeds past the palace, had been in use since pre-Roman times.The palace was the favorite residence of Kayqubad I, and it was here that he received the capitulation of Malik al-Din Dawudshah, lord of Erzincan. In 1237, Kayqubad was holding a banquet at Kayqubadiyya and was poisoned and died. His son, Kaykhusraw II would ascend the throne at Kayqubadiyya following the execution of his brothers, Rukn al-Din and Kilic Arslan.The palace was just one of many architectural foundations and monuments initiated by Kayqubad I. The site was excavated in 1964."
People's Palace of Culture,"The People's Palace of Culture (Korean: 인민문화궁전; Hanja: 人民文化宮殿) is a palace and theater located in Pyongyang, North Korea. Construction for the building finished in January 1974 and was opened to the public in April 1974. South Korean President Kim Dae-jung was given a welcome ceremony at the People's Palace of Culture during the 2000 inter-Korean summit.The building is four stories tall and has a basement floor as well.

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Park,"A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. Urban parks are green spaces set aside for recreation inside towns and cities. National parks and country parks are green spaces used for recreation in the countryside. State parks and provincial parks are administered by sub-national government states and agencies. Parks may consist of grassy areas, rocks, soil and trees, but may also contain buildings and other artifacts such as monuments, fountains or playground structures. Many parks have fields for playing sports such as baseball and football, and paved areas for games such as basketball. Many parks have trails for walking, biking and other activities. Some parks are built adjacent to bodies of water or watercourses and may comprise a beach or boat dock area. Urban parks often have benches for sitting and may contain picnic tables and barbecue grills.
The largest parks can be vast natural areas of hundreds of thousands of square kilometers (or square miles), with abundant wildlife and natural features such as mountains and rivers. In many large parks, camping in tents is allowed with a permit. Many natural parks are protected by law, and users may have to follow restrictions (e.g. rules against open fires or bringing in glass bottles). Large national and sub-national parks are typically overseen by a park ranger. Large parks may have areas for canoeing and hiking in the warmer months and, in some northern hemisphere countries, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing in colder months. There are also amusement parks that have live shows, fairground rides, refreshments, and games of chance or skill."
Common land,"Common land  is land owned by a person or collectively by a number of persons, over which other persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect wood, or to cut turf for fuel.A person who has a right in, or over, common land jointly with another or others is usually called a commoner.In Great Britain, common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common and Mungrisdale Common. Due to enclosure, the extent of common land is now much reduced from the hundreds of square kilometres that existed until the 17th century, but a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas. There are over 8,000 registered commons in England alone."
Community greens,"Community Greens, sometimes referred to as backyard commons, urban commons, or pocket neighborhoods, are shared open green spaces on the inside of city blocks, created either when residents merge backyard space or reclaim underutilized urban land such as vacant lots and alleyways. These shared spaces are communally used and managed only by the residents whose homes abut them. They are not a public park, a private backyard, or a community garden; however, they can function as all three."
County park,
Desire path,"A desire path (often referred to as a desire line in transportation planning), also known as a game trail, social trail, fishermen trail, herd path, cow path, elephant path, buffalo trace, goat track, pig trail, use trail and bootleg trail, is an unplanned small trail created as a consequence of mechanical erosion caused by human or animal traffic. The path usually represents the shortest or the most easily navigated route between an origin and destination, and the width and severity of its surface erosion are often indicators of the traffic level it receives.
An early documented example is Broadway in New York City, which follows the Wecquaesgeek trail which predates American colonization.Desire paths typically emerge as convenient shortcuts where more deliberately constructed paths take a longer or more circuitous route, have gaps, or are non-existent. Once a path has been treaded out through the natural vegetation, subsequent traffic tends to follow that visibly existing route (as it is more convenient than carving out a new path by oneself), and the repeated trampling will further erode away both the remaining groundcover and the soil quality that allows easy revegetation. Eventually, a clearly visible and easily passable path emerges that humans and animals alike tend to prefer."
Elevated park,"An elevated park (sometimes known as a sky park) refers to a park located above the normal ground (street) level. This type of a park has become more popular in the early 21st century, featuring in a number of urban renewal projects. While usually associated with repurposed transportation infrastructure, some elevated parks are designed on top of buildings.Elevated parks can exist, for example, on the roof of existing buildings (see also: green roof, roof garden), or on former railways, elevated roads, or other elevated urban elements (often becoming linear parks as well). Examples of a linear elevated park include New York's High Line, Chicago's Bloomingdale Line, or Seoul's Seoullo 7017 Skypark. One of the earliest of such parks was the Promenade plantée (Coulée verte René-Dumont) in Paris, dating to 1993. It has proven popular enough to encourage other cities to consider similar projects, a process that gained further momentum after the success of the High Line, the first such park in the United States, which opened in 2009. Numerous cities worldwide have looked into or started construction of elevated parks, including London, Washington, DC, Jersey City, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, São Paulo, and Rotterdam. In 2015, Hélène Littke noted that the ""High Line in New York City started a worldwide trend of elevated parks"", and new elevated parks are often compared to it.Elevated parks have been criticized for high costs, though they have generally attracted positive reviews, including from academia. Littke observed that ""The High Line is undoubtedly loved, and it is a successful place in many ways"", and that its success proves that ""elevated parks can bring 'new' nature into cities without occupying ground-floor space"".In 2016, a public referendum to convert Seattle's Alaskan Way Viaduct into an elevated park, inspired by the High Line, was strongly rejected by voters.In 2022, a sky park was constructed on Castlefield Viaduct in Manchester, England."
European Association of Periurban Parks,"The European Association of Periurban Parks (FEDENATUR) is an association of natural, fluvial and agricultural parks located in metropolitan and periurban areas in Europe.   It is headquartered in the Serra de Collserola Natural Park in Barcelona.
FEDENATUR was created in 1997 after the 2nd Symposium on natural areas in periurban and metropolitan zones in Barcelona in 1995.  It was inspired by the Rio Earth Summit of 1992. 
Conference participants decided to create a network of exchanges between periurban park managers on a European scale.
Over 75% of the European population lives in urban and periurban zones. Contrary to ""national parks"" usually located far from densely populated urban areas and designed exclusively for preservation, the natural areas in periurban zones have to protect biodiversity while being frequented by a larger public."
Greenprinting,"Greenprinting relates to the conservation of land. Greenprinting is the creation of conservation scenarios that help communities make informed conservation decisions. 
Greenprinting can galvanize public support and encourage partners to work toward common conservation goals. Greenprinting often involves use of state-of-the-art maps and models created with Geographic Information System (GIS) software that combines layers of spatial and demographic information to guide growth management efforts."
Greenway (landscape),"A greenway is usually a shared-use path along a strip of undeveloped land, in an urban or rural area, set aside for recreational use or environmental protection. Greenways are frequently created out of disused railways, canal towpaths, utility company rights of way, or derelict industrial land. Greenways can also be linear parks, and can serve as wildlife corridors. The path's surface may be paved and often serves multiple users: walkers, runners, bicyclists, skaters and hikers. A characteristic of greenways, as defined by the European Greenways Association, is ""ease of passage"": that is that they have ""either low or zero gradient"", so that they can be used by all ""types of users, including mobility impaired people"".In Southern England, the term also refers to ancient trackways or green lanes, especially those found on chalk downlands, like the Ridgeway.

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Hampstead Mall,"Hampstead Mall is a public park in Charleston, South Carolina, of 140,625 square feet (3.23 acres) in the Hampstead Village neighborhood at the intersection of Columbus and America Streets.The square was mentioned by Henry Laurens, who owned and subdivided the entire Hampstead Village neighborhood, as early as 1769 in advertisements for lots in his newly laid out neighborhood. He reserved the “large square . . . in the center of the town for such public uses and purposes, as shall be agreed upon by the first twenty-one purchasers of the lots, or a majority of them.”According to early plats, Hampstead Mall was laid out at a low-lying area which had previously been marsh or creeks. By the mid-19th century, the area was still susceptible to flooding. In 1852, City Council voted to advertise for someone to level the ground in the mall.Throughout the later 19th century, City Council undertook various improvements. In 1855, City Council voted to plant trees in the park and add a fence similar to the one surrounding Marion Square.
During the Civil War, however, the park was used for housing troops, and the condition of the park did not immediately rebound. After the war, the property was used as a common pasture. Columus St. and America St. ran through the park at right angles (as wide promenades, but not continuations of the streets), dividing it into four quadrants by 1867.The ""Up-Town"" part of the peninsula (above Calhoun St.) had a few public green spaces, but one newspaper editorialized that in the future, much larger parks could be developed in the area of Gadsden Green along the Ashley River and that Hampstead Mall could be joined to a future park at the site of the Half-Moon Battery along the Cooper River.City Council planned improvements to all of the city park in 1867. A drive was begun to raise money for improvements to the park from city residents in 1868; the work would include fencing with pedestrian gates and shell paths. Work was being done in June 1868. A substantial fence was added. (In 1896, the fence was removed.)
The extension of Hampstead Mall was never completed, but by 1870, the area was an enclosed pleasure ground for the neighborhood residents who could not easily travel the two miles to the Battery to enjoy walks.The first transportation intrustion into the park occurred in 1897 when a right-of-way was granted to the Electric Railroad to run a line along Columbus St.A bandstand was built in 1901. The bandstand was moved in 1905 because it was in the way of the addition of the railway in 1905. Electric lights replaced gas ones in 1902.In 1905, eight shade trees on both sides of Columbus St. were removed to improve access along the street between Meeting St. and the planned Union Station on East Bay St. The matter was disputed at City Council, and a committee was eventually created to investigate the matter. The special committee's members took different positions on how to avoid the problems expected from running the rail line through the park including the risk of scaring horses and endangering children. When the matter finally came back to City Council, the body voted to sacrifice 11 more oaks to the reworking of Columbus St. but requested the Parks Commission to consider other beautification of the park.The northwest quadrant was given to the Playground Commission for the use as a playground in 1913. The playground is named the Philip Simmons Park at Mall Playground at 68 Columbus St.
The City extended the roadway of America St. through the park in 1956 in an effort to speed traffic heading north–south on the peninsula.In 1960, in recognition of the changing demographics of the neighborhood, the City devoted Hampstead Mall to the use of Black residents.At a meeting of City Council on July 18, 1961, City Council approved the execution of a transfer of the northeast quadrant (and the adjacent streets to the south and east) to the Charleston County School District. If the property stopped being used ""for public school purposes,"" then the land would revert to the city. (Minutes of Council Meetings)
In 1968, the South Carolina Medical College and the Office of Economic Opportunity had plans to build a comprehensive medical center on Hampstead Mall. The land's title was complicated by its dedication for public use; the planners and City lawyers believed that a use other than a public mall would result in the reversion of the property to the original grantor's heirs."
Involuntary park,"Involuntary park is a neologism coined by science fiction author and environmentalist Bruce Sterling to describe previously inhabited areas that for environmental, economic, or political reasons have, in Sterling's words, ""lost their value for technological instrumentalism"" and been allowed to return to an overgrown, feral state."
Linear park,"A linear park is a type of park that is significantly longer than it is wide. These linear parks are strips of public land running along canals, rivers, streams, defensive walls, electrical lines, or highways and shorelines. Examples of linear parks include everything from wildlife corridors to riverways to trails, capturing the broadest sense of the word. Other examples include rail trails (""rails to trails""), which are disused railroad beds converted for recreational use by removing existing structures. Commonly, these linear parks result from the public and private sectors acting on the dense urban need for open green space. Linear parks stretch through urban areas, coming through as a solution for the lack of space and need for urban greenery. They also effectively connect different neighborhoods in dense urban areas as a result, and create places that are ideal for activities such as jogging or walking.  Linear parks may also be categorized as greenways. In Australia, a linear park along the coast is known as a foreshoreway. When being designed, linear parks appear unique as they are planned around the public's opinion of how the space will affect them.

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More Than Just Parks,"More Than Just Parks is an organization and film project with the goal of encouraging the exploration and conservation of national parks through short films. The project was founded by filmmakers and brothers Jim Pattiz and Will Pattiz from Georgia. The brothers use a combination of time lapse photography and video to create their films, which have received critical acclaim. The project has thus far resulted in short films on 10 national parks, with an aim of filming all 59 US national parks. The Pattiz brothers frequently appear on The Weather Channel's morning programs Weekend Recharge and AMHQ to share insight from different national parks."
Nature park,"A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected natural area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.
In most countries nature parks are subject to legally regulated protection, which is part of their conservation laws.
In terms of level of protection, a category ""Nature Park"" is not the same as a ""National Park"", which is defined by the IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas as a category II type of protected area. 
A ""Nature Park"" designation, depending on local specifics, falls between category III and category VI according to  IUCN categorization, in most cases closer to category VI.
However some nature parks have later been turned into national parks.

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Neighborhood park,"Neighborhood parks, which generally range in size up to 30 acres (120,000 m2), serve as a social and recreational focal points for neighborhoods and are the basic units of a park system. Many include a playground. 
Neighborhood parks provide relief from the built environment for residents. They may offer a range of facilities and passive or active (programmed or unprogrammed) recreation in response to demographic and cultural characteristics of surrounding neighborhoods, with opportunities for interaction with nature.  Neighborhood parks are largely accessible by foot, bicycle, or public transit within at least a quarter-mile radius from residences, providing easy access especially for children and senior adults. 
Types of neighborhood parks include mini-parks, or pocket parks, and may be further described by their predominant recreational offering. They may provide greenscape, recreation centers, sports fields, or playgrounds. A greenscape is a landscaped park, often with a large un-programmed lawn, primarily for passive recreation. A recreation center is a facility that supports myriad park activities, including sports and other recreational activities appropriate to the population or community that uses the park. pocket parks are the smallest in size, designed to serve the immediate surrounding neighborhood. Generally, size limits the ability to serve multiple recreational functions. 
Many park systems are underfunded and rely upon grassroots neighborhood-park groups and associations. Many of these groups join together in broad coalitions to advocate for better park maintenance and government accountability."
Outstanding Natural Area,"An Outstanding Natural Area is a protected area designation in the United States. The designations are managed by the Bureau of Land Management within the National Landscape Conservation System. Three ONAs have been designated by Congress, Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse, Piedras Blancas Historic Light Station, and Yaquina Head, all of which protect lighthouses and the adjacent land. The others were named by the BLM and have a variety of resources."
Park furniture,"Park furniture is furniture in a park. It is often made out of iron or wood.Common examples of park furniture include bandstands, benches, chess tables, fountains, light fixtures, picnic tables, and statues."
Park ranger,"A ranger, park ranger, park warden, or forest ranger is a person entrusted with protecting and preserving parklands – national, state, provincial, or local parks."
Park system,"A park system, also known as an open space system, is a network of green spaces that are connected by public walkways, bridleways or cycleways. The concept first emerged with the need to minimize fragmentation of natural environments and was referred to as ""patch and corridor."" In modern landscape architecture, the park system is collaborating with the idea of planning greenways, which run through urban and rural areas. These systems can serve the landscape through ecological, recreational, social, cultural, and healthful measures, and are designed with intentions of sustainability.One of the earliest park systems, in London, came into existence by chance. As London expanded around former royal parks in the nineteenth century, St. James's Park, Green Park and Hyde Park became part of the urban area. This arrangement was admired in France and adopted for the nineteenth century re-planning of Paris by Baron Haussmann. It was also admired by Frederick Law Olmsted and used to create the famous Emerald Necklace in Boston. Another example is Ebenezer Howard's Adirondack Park concept. These green networks were part of the nineteenth century Garden City Movement.In 1927, the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission was formed to plan and acquire parklands along stream valley corridors in the then-rural northern and eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C.  Over 33,000 acres (130 km2) are now protected in the Montgomery County, Maryland portion and provide welcome green space in this urbanized region.  A major proposal for a park system was included in Patrick Abercrombie's 1943-4 County of London Plan.
The largest continuous urban parks system in North America is the North Saskatchewan River valley parks system in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, which is 7,400 ha (18,000 acres) in size and 48 km (30 mi) in length, and also includes 22 ravines, which have a combined total length of 103 km (64 mi). The largest urban parks system in Australia is the Western Sydney Parklands, which is 5,280 ha (13,000 acres) in size and 27 km (17 mi) in length."
Parklet,"A parklet is a sidewalk extension that provides more space and amenities for people using the street. Usually parklets are installed on parking lanes and use several parking spaces. Parklets typically extend out from the sidewalk at the level of the sidewalk to the width of the adjacent parking space.Parklets are intended for people. Parklets offer a place to stop, to sit, and to rest while taking in the activities of the street. In instances where a parklet is not intended to accommodate people, it may provide greenery, art, or some other visual amenity. A parklet may accommodate bicycle parking within it, or bicycle parking may be associated with it.A parklet may be thought of as permanent, but must be designed for quick and easy removal for emergencies or other reasons such as snow removal without damage to the curb or street. As initially conceived, a parklet is always open to the public. However, some cities have allowed restaurants to create parklets that are not open to the public such as Long Beach, California, Fargo, North Dakota and Montreal, Quebec."
Picnic table,"A picnic table (or picnic bench) is a table with benches (often attached), designed for working with and for outdoor dining.  The term is often specifically associated with rectangular tables having an A-frame structure.  Such tables may be referred to as ""picnic tables"" even when used exclusively indoors.
Various types of tables have been used for outdoor dining throughout history, but the classic A-frame rectangular picnic table emerged in the United States in the early 20th century. The earliest similar table was described in 1903 and was based on the 18th-century sawbuck table; the most common modern design, known in initially as a ""Lassen table"", was first used in 1926.
While the original and most common material for picnic tables is wooden boards, they may be made anything from split logs to concrete to recycled HDPE plastic. The frame, benches and platform may also be made of different materials. 
Picnic tables are made in various shapes, from circles to hexagons, and in a wide range of sizes.  Traditional picnic tables often pose challenges for accessibility, especially for wheelchair users, but various designs for accessible picnic tables also exist.

The typically simple and informal design of picnic tables makes them popular amenities in parks and other public places.  They are used for a wide range of dining, educational, recreational and community-building purposes. Their popularity has various impacts on the flora, fauna and soil around picnic table sites, where they often attract various species interested in feeding on human food. Picnic tables are also common targets of vandalism."
Playground,"A playground, playpark, or play area is a place designed to provide an environment for children that facilitates play, typically outdoors. While a playground is usually designed for children, some are designed for other age groups, or people with disabilities. A playground might exclude children below (or above) a certain age.
Modern playgrounds often have recreational equipment such as the seesaw, merry-go-round, swingset, slide, jungle gym, chin-up bars, sandbox, spring rider, trapeze rings, playhouses, and mazes, many of which help children develop physical coordination, strength, and flexibility, as well as providing recreation and enjoyment and supporting social and emotional development. Common in modern playgrounds are play structures that link many different pieces of equipment.
Playgrounds often also have facilities for playing informal games of adult sports, such as a baseball diamond, a skating arena, a basketball court, or a tether ball.
Public playground equipment installed in the play areas of parks, schools, childcare facilities, institutions, multiple family dwellings, restaurants, resorts, and recreational developments, and other areas of public use.
A type of playground called a playscape is designed to provide a safe environment for play in a natural setting."
Pleasure garden,"A pleasure garden is a park or garden that is open to the public for recreation and entertainment. Pleasure gardens differ from other public gardens by serving as venues for entertainment, variously featuring such attractions as concert halls, bandstands, amusement rides, zoos, and menageries.

Historically a ""pleasure garden"" or pleasure ground meant private flower gardens, shrub gardens or formal wooded areas such as bosquets, that were planted for enjoyment, with ornamental plants and neat paths for walking. These were distinguished from the areas in a large garden planted as lawns or a landscaped park, or the ""useful"" areas of the kitchen garden and woodland. Pleasure gardens provided a cool and refreshing refuge from the summer heat. The Mediterranean gardens were also maintained in the winter season, with winter rain allowing for the upkeep of rose and almond trees in northern Italy. This made the gardens a welcome retreat throughout the year.The two meanings of the term, as the ornamental parts of a garden, and as a commercial place of entertainment, coexisted in English from at least the 17th century.

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Pocket park,"A pocket park (also known as a parkette, mini-park, vest-pocket park or vesty park) is a small park accessible to the general public. While the locations, elements, and uses of pocket parks vary considerably, the common defining characteristic of a pocket park is its small size. Typically, a pocket park occupies one to three municipal lots and is smaller than 0.5 hectares (1 acre) in size.Pocket parks can be urban, suburban or rural, but they customarily appear in densely developed urban areas, where land is very expensive and space for the development of larger urban parks is limited. They are frequently created on small, irregular pieces of public or private land, such as in vacant building lots, in brownfields, beside railways, beneath utility lines, or in parking spots.Pocket parks can create new public spaces without the need for large-scale redevelopment. In inner-city areas, pocket parks are often part of urban regeneration efforts by transforming underutilized or blighted spaces into vibrant community assets. They may also be created as a component of the public space requirement of large building projects.
Pocket parks can serve as focal points of activity and interest in urban areas. Common elements of pocket parks include benches, tables, fountains, playgrounds, monuments, historic markers, art installations, barbecue pits, flower beds, community gardens, or basketball courts. Although they are often too small for many space-intensive physical activities, pocket parks provide communities with greenery, a place to sit and rest, and an ecological foothold for urban wildlife."
Park police,"Park police are a type of security police who function as a full-service law enforcement agency with responsibilities and jurisdiction in park areas primarily located in cities and other urban areas. In addition to performing the normal crime prevention, investigation, and apprehension functions of a municipal police force, the park police may be responsible for policing other public areas and may also share law enforcement jurisdiction with a force of park rangers tasked with the same law enforcement powers and responsibilities."
Regional park,"A regional park is an area of land preserved on account of its natural beauty, historic interest, recreational use or other reason, and under the administration of a form of local government."
Scenic viewpoint,"A scenic viewpoint – also called an observation point, viewpoint, viewing point, vista point, lookout, scenic overlook, etc. – is an elevated location where people can view scenery (often with binoculars) and photograph it. Scenic viewpoints may be created alongside scenic routes or mountain roads, often as simple turnouts or lay-bys where motorists can pull over onto pavement, gravel, or grass on the right-of-way.
Many viewpoints are larger, having parking areas, while some (typically on larger highways) are off the road completely. Viewing points may also be found on hill or mountain tops or on rocky spurs overlooking a valley and reached via a hiking trail. They may be protected by railings to protect the public or be enhanced by a viewing tower designed to elevate visitors above the surrounding terrain or trees in order to offer panoramic views.
Overlooks are frequently found in national parks, and in the U.S. along national parkways such as the Blue Ridge Parkway, which has numerous individually named overlooks for viewing the Blue Ridge Mountains and its valleys. Other overlooks are next to waterfalls, especially since mountain roads tend to follow streams.
Many overlooks are accessible only by trails and wooden walkways and stairs, especially in ecologically sensitive areas. These overlooks are often wooden decks, which minimize the impact on the land by reducing the need to disturb it for construction."
Town square,"A square (or plaza, public square, urban square, or piazza) is an open public space used for various activities. Squares are not necessarily a true geometric square. Most squares are hardscapes suitable for open markets, concerts, political rallies, and other events that require firm ground.
A town square is commonly found in the heart of a traditional town and is used for community gatherings. A square in a city may be called a city square. Related concepts are the civic center, the market square and the village green.
Being centrally located, town squares are usually surrounded by small shops such as bakeries, meat markets, cheese stores, and clothing stores. At their center is often a well, monument, statue or other feature. Those with fountains are sometimes called fountain squares.

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Urban beach,"An urban beach (also city beach and sometimes beach club) is an artificially-created environment in an urban setting which simulates a public beachfront, through the use of sand, beach umbrellas, and seating elements.  Urban beaches are designed to surprise and delight city residents, workers, and visitors by inserting a beach atmosphere into an urban area that would otherwise be typical cityscape. 
There are many variations of urban beaches.  Urban beaches are often found along waterways, though some are inserted into town squares or other spaces far from water.  The beach may be a seasonal installation over a roadway or parking lot, or it may be permanent.  It is not necessarily public land though it is always open to the general public (sometimes with a small admission fee).  As river or ocean swimming is not possible, many urban beaches include water features -- for example fountains, wading pools or misting towers -- for cooling off.  Some urban beaches feature entertainment, or food and beverage areas.  A few include sports facilities such as beach volleyball.
Most urban beaches are designed to appeal to a general population, from families to young singles to older citizens.  Although an urban beach may not have facilities for swimming, swimwear is commonly seen alongside the more usual attire seen in major urban centres.  
The popularity of urban beaches increased in the early 21st century as the concept was championed by urban planners, landscape architects and local politicians."
Urban wild,An urban wild is a remnant of a natural ecosystem found in the midst of an otherwise highly developed urban area.
Village green,"A village green is a common open area within a village or other settlement. Historically, a village green was common grassland with a pond for watering cattle and other stock, often at the edge of a rural settlement, used for gathering cattle to bring them later on to a common land for grazing. Later, planned greens were built into the centres of villages.The village green also provided, and may still provide, an open-air meeting place for the local people, which may be used for public celebrations such as May Day festivities. The term is used more broadly to encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, buildings, roads and urban parks."
Protected area,"Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewood, non-timber forest products, water, ...) is limited.The term ""protected area"" also includes marine protected areas and transboundary protected areas across multiple borders. As of 2016, there are over 161,000 protected areas representing about 17 percent of the world's land surface area (excluding Antarctica).For waters under national jurisdiction beyond inland waters, there are 14,688 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), covering approximately 10.2% of coastal and marine areas and 4.12% of global ocean areas. In contrast, only 0.25% of the world's oceans beyond national jurisdiction are covered by MPAs.In recent years, the 30 by 30 initiative has targeted to protect 30% of ocean territory and 30% of land territory worldwide by 2030; this has been adopted by the European Union in its Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, Campaign for Nature which promoted the goal during the Convention on Biodiversity's COP15 Summit and the G7. In December 2022, Nations have reached an agreement with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework at the COP15, which includes the 30 by 30 initiative.Protected areas are implemented for biodiversity conservation, often providing habitat and protection from hunting for threatened and endangered species. Protection helps maintain ecological processes that cannot survive in most intensely managed landscapes and seascapes. Indigenous peoples and local communities frequently criticize this method of fortress conservation for the generally violent processes by which the regulations of the areas are enforced."
30 by 30,"30 by 30 (or 30x30) is a worldwide initiative for governments to designate 30% of Earth's land and ocean area as protected areas by 2030. The target was proposed by a 2019 article in Science Advances, ""A Global Deal for Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets"", highlighting the need for expanded nature conservation efforts to mitigate climate change. Launched by the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People in 2020, more than 50 nations had agreed to the initiative by January 2021, which has increased to more than 100 countries by October 2022.US$5 billion in funding for a project called the ""Protecting Our Planet Challenge"" was announced for the initiative in September 2021.In December 2022, 30 by 30 was agreed at the COP15 meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and became a target of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. This includes the G7 and European Union.
The initiative has attracted controversy over indigenous rights issues."
Animal sanctuary,"An animal sanctuary is a facility where animals are brought to live and to be protected for the rest of their lives. Pattrice Jones, co-founder of VINE Sanctuary defines an animal sanctuary as ""a safe-enough place or relationship within the continuing hazards that menace everybody"". In addition, sanctuaries are an experimental staging ground for transformative human–animal relations. There are five types of animal sanctuaries reflective of the species-belonging of the residents: 1) companion animal sanctuaries; 2) wildlife sanctuaries; 3) exotic animal sanctuaries;  4) farmed animal sanctuaries; and 5) cetacean sanctuaries.
Unlike animal shelters, sanctuaries do not seek to place animals with individuals or groups, instead maintaining each animal until their natural death (either from disease or from other animals in the sanctuary). However, they can offer rehoming services, which can include veterinarians' help. In some cases, an establishment may have characteristics of both a sanctuary and a shelter; for instance, some animals may be in residence temporarily until a good home is found and others may be permanent residents. The mission of sanctuaries is generally to be safe havens, where the animals receive the best care that the sanctuaries can provide. Animals are not bought, sold, or traded, nor are they used for animal testing. Additionally, no parts of nor secretions from the animals are commodified, such as eggs, wool, or milk. The resident animals are given the opportunity to behave as natural as possible in a protective environment."
Attakoya Thangal Marine Reserve,"Attakoya Thangal Marine Reserve is the world's second marine conservation reserve for sea cucumbers. It was announced by the Lakshadweep Islands Administration in February 2020. This reserve covers an area of about 344 sq. km and lies between Amini and Pitti archipelago. This came into action when the smuggling of rare sea cuumber species was reported. More than 1,716 sea cucumbers were seized by the administration on a desolate island named Suhali. These rare species are in great demand for medicines and food in countries like China. This conservation reserve comprises lagoons and coral formations which acts as a breeding ground for many species."
Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal,"The Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal (German: Biosphärenpark Großes Walsertal) is a protected nature reserve in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.The area of the nature reserve covers 19,231 ha. There are 3,420 inhabitants and around 180 farms (42 % of which are organic). The reserve strives for a sustainable economy and tourism in the region and provides a platform for discussion about society, politics and science. The Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal has been a UNESCO biosphere reserve since November 2000."
Common land,"Common land  is land owned by a person or collectively by a number of persons, over which other persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect wood, or to cut turf for fuel.A person who has a right in, or over, common land jointly with another or others is usually called a commoner.In Great Britain, common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common and Mungrisdale Common. Due to enclosure, the extent of common land is now much reduced from the hundreds of square kilometres that existed until the 17th century, but a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas. There are over 8,000 registered commons in England alone."
Conservation community,
Conservation designation,"A conservation designation is a name and/or acronym which explains the status of an area of land in terms of conservation or protection.

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Conservation land trust,"Conservation land trusts are nonprofit organizations that acquire and steward land or conservation easements for the purpose of achieving environmental, agricultural, recreational, and/or species conservation goals. Conservation land trusts often work in cooperation with landowners to achieve shared goals and may provide public outreach events on the themes of science, environmental issues, species conservation, or other topics relevant to the land they work to protect. Priorities of conservation land trusts vary, but may include goals related to water quality, public access to land, and biodiversity. Oversight of these priorities and of the work carried out by the land trust typically rests with a board of directors. Conservation land trusts may operate in partnership with government agencies or under broader umbrella nonprofit organizations. Land trusts may focus their work in specific local areas delineated by political boundaries, habitat types, or ecological zones. Funding can be limited for the work of these organizations, such that many rely on volunteer labor."
Conservation reserve,A conservation reserve is a protected area set aside for conservation purposes.
Dark-sky preserve,"A dark-sky preserve (DSP) is an area, usually surrounding a park or observatory, that restricts artificial light pollution. The purpose of the dark-sky movement is generally to promote astronomy. However, astronomy is not the only objective of conserving a dark sky. A dark night sky is associated with many facets of history, philosophy, religion, societal development, poetry, song, mathematics, and science. Different terms have been used to describe the areas as national organizations have worked independently to create their programs. The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) uses International Dark Sky Reserve (IDSR) and International Dark Sky Park (IDSP). A third designation, International Dark Sky Sanctuary, was introduced in 2015.

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Dead Man's Hollow,"Dead Man's Hollow is a 450 acre conservation area located along the Youghiogheny River just south of the City of McKeesport, Pennsylvania. The conservation area spans three municipalities which include Liberty Borough, Lincoln Borough, and Elizabeth Township. The property is owned and managed by Allegheny Land Trust and is open year round to the public for educational and recreational purposes."
"Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement","Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) events are processes that change the legal status of national parks and other protected areas in both terrestrial and marine environments. ""Downgrading"" is ""a decrease in legal restrictions on the number, magnitude, or extent of human activities within a protected area (i.e., legal authorization for increased human use)."" ""Downsizing"" refers to a ""decrease in size of a protected area as a result of excision of land or sea area through a legal boundary change."" ""Degazettement"" is defined as a loss of legal protection for an entire national park or other protected area. Collectively, PADDD represents legal processes that temper regulations, shrink boundaries, or eliminate legal protections originally associated with establishment of a protected area."
Eco-Sensitive Zone,"Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) or Ecologically Fragile Areas (EFAs) are areas in India notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India around Protected Areas, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. The purpose of declaring ESZs is to create some kind of ""shock absorbers"" to the protected areas by regulating and managing the activities around such areas. They also act as a transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection. As per the National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016), issued by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, land within 10 km of the boundaries of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries are to be notified as eco-fragile zones or Eco-sensitive Zones.

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Ecological island,"An ecological island is a term used in New Zealand, and increasingly in Australia, to refer to an area of land (not necessarily an actual island) isolated by natural or artificial means from the surrounding land, where a natural micro-habitat exists amidst a larger differing ecosystem. In New Zealand the term is used to refer to one of several types of nationally protected areas.
In artificial ecological islands (also known as mainland islands):

all non-native species (at least predator species) have been eradicated,
native species are reintroduced and nurtured, and
the natural or artificial border is maintained to prevent reintroduction of non-native species.The ultimate goal is to recreate an ecological microcosm of the country as a whole as it was before human arrival. There is usually provision for controlled public access, and scientific study and research.
The definition does not include land within a fence erected to:

protect farm animals from wild predators
protect a specific species from specific predators
exclude farm animals only
exclude native animals (although some native animals, weka for example, may need to be excluded during a species' recovery phase).

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Fortress conservation,"Fortress conservation is a conservation model based on the belief that biodiversity protection is best achieved by creating protected areas where ecosystems can function in isolation from human disturbance. Its implementation has been criticized for human rights abuses against indigenous inhabitants when creating and maintaining protected areas.

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Game reserve,"A game reserve (also known as a wildlife preserve or a game park) is a large area of land where wild animals live safely or are hunted in a controlled way for sport. If hunting is prohibited, a game reserve may be considered a nature reserve; however, the focus of a game reserve is specifically the animals (fauna), whereas a nature reserve is also, if not equally, concerned with all aspects of native biota of the area (plants, animals, fungi, etc.).
Many game reserves are located in Africa. Most are open to the public, and tourists commonly take sightseeing safaris. Historically, among the best-known hunting targets were the so-called Big Five game in Africa: rhinoceros, elephant, Cape buffalo, leopard, and lion, named so because of the difficulty and danger in hunting them.In a game reserve, ecosystems are protected and conservation is usually key. Indigenous wildlife in its natural habitat help in providing an environment where growth in numbers at a natural rate can occur.
Some game reserves contain several ecosystems, ranging from valley bushveld, savannah grassland and fynbos to riverine forest and acacia woodland; this provides a dramatic improvement on the types of wildlife that are present and the numerous species of birds that thrive in these environments."
Geopark,"A geopark is a protected area with internationally significant geology within which sustainable development is sought and which includes tourism, conservation, education and research concerning not just geology but other relevant sciences.In 2005, a European Geopark was defined as being:
""a territory with a particular geological heritage and with a sustainable territorial development....the ultimate aim of a European Geopark is to bring enhanced employment opportunities for the people who live there.""Today the geopark is virtually synonymous with the UNESCO geopark, which is defined and managed under the voluntary authority of UNESCO's International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme (IGGP). UNESCO provides a standard for geoparks and a certification service to territories that apply for it. The service is available to member states of UNESCO. 
The list of members is not the same as the member states of the United Nations. Membership in the UN does not automatically imply membership of UNESCO, even though UNESCO is part of the UN. Both lists have about 193 member nations, but not exactly the same 193. The UN list covers most of the geopolitical world, but the UNESCO list lacks Israel, for example, which resigned in 2018 because they believed UNESCO is anti-Israel.
The UNESCO Global Geoparks Network co-ordinates the activities of the many UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp's) around the world. It is divided into regional networks, such as the European Geoparks Network. The EGN historically preceded the UGGN, being founded in 2000 with the first four geoparks. It joined with UNESCO in 2001 and in 2005 agreed in the Madonie Declaration to be a regional network of the UGGps, which had been created by UNESCO in 2004.The Madonie Declaration of 2004, which was signed by Nikolas Zouros for the EGN and Wolfgang Eder for UNESCO, established what was later called a ""bottom up"" system of precedence. An applicant geopark must first be a member of the EGN before applying to the UGGN. Furthermore, another level was created, the National Geoparks Network, which at first glance seems a contradiction in terms. Geoparks are international. What the Declaration meant was, if a potentially international type of site (a possible geosite) existed within the candidate park's country, the park must belong to it before it can apply to the regional network. This type was dubbed an NGN. Its sites could then be included under the geopark umbrella by being candidates for the international network. In 2014 the creation of other regions besides the EGN was allowed and encouraged, permitting geoparks to fulfill their declared global nature."
Governance of protected areas,"Conservation is an endeavor including “ the preservation, maintenance, sustainable use, restoration, and enhancement of the natural environment”.A Protected Area is “a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values”.This IUCN definition applies equally to land, inland waters, and coastal and marine territories and areas, and is widely considered to be equivalent to the CBD definition.
Governance is the process of ""interactions among structures, processes and traditions that determine how power and responsibilities are exercised, how decisions are taken and how citizens or other stakeholders have their say…”.It refers to the manner in which responsibility is owned and discharged.
Systems for governance of Protected Areas are under continuing evolution."
Green belt,"A green belt is a policy and land-use zone designation used in land-use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighboring urban areas. Similar concepts are greenways or green wedges, which have a linear character and may run through an urban area instead of around it. In essence, a green belt is an invisible line designating a border around a certain area, preventing development of the area and allowing wildlife to return and be established."
Indigenous and community conserved area,"Indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCAs), or indigenous peoples’ and community conserved territories and areas, are spaces de facto governed by indigenous peoples or local communities with evidently positive outcomes for the conservation of biological and cultural diversity. In ICCAs, the continuation, revival, or modification of traditional practices (some of which are of ancient origin) and/or new initiatives succeed in protecting and restoring natural resources and cultural values in the face of new threats or opportunities. Some ICCAs are situated in remote ecosystems that have had minimum human influence, while others encompass areas of various regulations and magnitudes within regions strongly affected or modified by human occupation. ICCAs may or may not fit the IUCN definition of “protected area” but, when they do, they can fall into any IUCN protected area categories.
The following three characteristics are used to identify an ICCA:
A strong relationship exists between an indigenous people or local community and a specific site (territory, ecosystem, species habitat). This relationship is often embedded in the people's or community's sense of identity and/or dependence for livelihood and well-being.
The indigenous people or local community is the major player in decision-making and implementation regarding the management of the site, implying that a local institution has the capacity to develop and enforce decisions (other stakeholders may collaborate as partners, especially when the land is owned by the state, but de facto decisions and management efforts are predominantly taken by the concerned people or community).
The people's or community's management decisions and efforts lead to the conservation of habitats, species, genetic diversity, ecological functions/ benefits, and associated cultural values, even when the conscious objective of management is not conservation (i.e., it may be livelihoods, security, safeguarding cultural and spiritual values, etc.)."
Ihimbo Central Forest Reserve,"Ihimbo Central Forest Reserve, located in western Uganda, is one of the protected forest reserves in Uganda which is found in Rukungiri district. The Forest Reserve is situated near the villages of Bwambara and Kikongi. The forest reserve is endowed with natural herbs that are medicinal and cure ailments in the human body and managed by National Forestry Authority. The forest reserve was gazetted in 1965."
IUCN protected area categories,"IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).The enlisting of such areas is part of a strategy being used toward the conservation of the world's natural environment and biodiversity. The IUCN has developed the protected area management categories system to define, record and classify the wide variety of specific aims and concerns when categorising protected areas and their objectives.
This categorisation method is recognised on a global scale by national governments and international bodies such as the United Nations and the Convention on Biological Diversity."
Lake Mburo- Nakivali Wetland System,"Lake Mburo-Nakivali Wetland System is a wetland located in Mbarara district, 60 km from Mbarara town  in western Uganda, East Africa, bordering Tanzania and Rwanda. The system encompasses five lakes lying in the National park including Mburo being the largest, Kigambira, Mutukula, Kazuma and Bwara in the west-east location.It is a habitat for birds such as Palearctic as well as fish species including impala and cichlid. It is a source of water for domestic use, wildlife, and livestock. It is also a source of food including fish, provides pastures for herds, as well as materials for making crafts, baskets, and thatching."
Land trust,"Land trusts are nonprofit organizations which own and manage land, and sometimes waters. There are three common types of land trust, distinguished from one another by the ways in which they are legally structured and by the purposes for which they are organized and operated:

A real estate investment trust is a fiduciary arrangement whereby one party (the trustee) agrees to own and to manage real property for the benefit of a limited number of beneficiaries.
A community land trust (CLT)  is a private, nonprofit corporation that acquires, manages, and develops land for a variety of purposes, primarily for the production and stewardship of affordable housing, although many CLTs are also engaged in non-residential buildings and uses.
A conservation land trust is a private, non-profit corporation in the US that acquires land or conservation easements for the purpose of limiting commercial development and preserving open space, natural areas, waterways, and/or productive farms and forests.In the United States, the land owned by the United States government and held in trust for Native American tribes and individuals is sometimes referred to as a land trust.
In Australia, Aboriginal land trusts are a type of non-profit organisation that holds the freehold title to an area of land on behalf of a community of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people.

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Man and the Biosphere Programme,"Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1971 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments.
MAB's work engages fully with the international development agenda—specially with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda—and addresses challenges linked to scientific, environmental, societal and development issues in diverse ecosystems; from mountain regions to marine, coastal and island areas; from tropical forests to dry lands and urban areas. MAB combines the natural and social sciences, economics and education to improve human livelihoods and the equitable sharing of benefits, and to safeguard natural and managed ecosystems, thus promoting innovative approaches to economic development that are socially and culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable.
The MAB program provides a unique platform for cooperation on research and development, capacity-building and networking to share information, knowledge and experience on three interlinked issues: biodiversity loss, climate change and sustainable development. It contributes not only to better understanding of the environment, but also promotes greater involvement of science and scientists in policy development concerning the wise use of biological diversity.
As of January 2021, 727 biosphere reserves in 131 countries, including 22 transboundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves."
Marine park,"A marine park is a designated park consisting of an area of sea (or lake) set aside to achieve ecological sustainability, promote marine awareness and understanding, enable marine recreational activities, and provide benefits for Indigenous peoples and coastal communities. Most marine parks are managed by national governments, and organized like 'watery' national parks, whereas marine protected areas and marine reserves are often managed by a subnational entity or non-governmental organization, such as a conservation authority.The largest marine park used to be the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, at 350,000 km² until 2010, when the United Kingdom announced the opening of the Chagos Marine Park or Chagos Archipelago.Although for many uses it is sufficient to designate the boundaries of the marine park and to inform commercial fishing boats and other maritime enterprises, some parks have gone to additional effort to make their wonders accessible to visitors.  These can range from glass-bottomed boats and small submarines, to windowed undersea tubes.
In New Zealand a marine reserve is an area which has a higher degree of legal protection than marine parks for conservation purposes.In New South Wales, there are planned marine parks which will stretch along the coastline of the entire state.France and its territories are home to nine marine parks, known as parc naturel marin."
Marine protected area,"Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes. These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities. MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources. Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish. The value of MPA to mobile species is unknown.There are a number of global examples of large marine conservation areas. The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, is situated in the central Pacific Ocean, around Hawaii, occupying an area of 1.5 million square kilometers. The area is rich in wild life, including the green turtle and the Hawaiian monkfish, alongside 7,000 other species, and 14 million seabirds. In 2017 the Cook Islands passed the Marae Moana Act designating the whole of the country's marine exclusive economic zone, which has an area of 1.9 million square kilometers as a zone with the purpose of protecting and conserving the ""ecological, biodiversity and heritage values of the Cook Islands marine environment"".: 355  Other large marine conservation areas include those around Antarctica, New Caledonia, Greenland, Alaska, Ascension island, and Brazil.
As areas of protected marine biodiversity expand, there has been an increase in ocean science funding, essential for preserving marine resources. In 2020, only around 7.5 to 8% of the global ocean area falls under a conservation designation. This area is equivalent to 27 million square kilometres, equivalent to the land areas of Russia and Canada combined, although some argue that the effective conservation zones (ones with the strictest regulations) occupy only 5% of the ocean area (about equivalent to the land area of Russia alone). Marine conservation zones, as with their terrestrial equivalents, vary in terms of rules and regulations. Few zones rule out completely any sort of human activity within their area, as activities such as fishing, tourism, and transport of essential goods and services by ship, are part of the fabric of nation states."
Marine reserve,"A marine reserve is a type of marine protected area (MPA). An MPA is a section of the ocean where a government has placed limits on human activity. A marine reserve is a marine protected area in which removing or destroying natural or cultural resources is prohibited, marine reserves may also be ""no-take MPAs,” which strictly forbid all extractive activities, such as fishing and kelp harvesting. As of 2007 less than 1% of the world's oceans had been set aside in marine reserves. Benefits include increases in the diversity, density, biomass, body size and reproductive potential of fishery and other species within their boundaries.As of 2010, scientists had studied more than 150 marine reserves in at least 61 countries and monitored biological changes inside the reserves. The number of species in each study ranged from 1 to 250 and the reserves ranged in size from 0.006 to 800 square kilometers (0.002 to 310 square miles). In 2014, the World Parks Association adopted a target of establishing no-take zones for 30% of each habitat globally."
Mount Kei Central Forest Reserve,"Mount Kei Central Forest Reserve is a protected area located in Koboko district, in the extreme north-west of Uganda. It covers an area of 384 square kilometers and is known for its diverse ecosystem consisting of dense savanna vegetation, forest, scrubland and a wide range of wildlife."
Mud Volcanoes State Nature Reserve,"Mud Volcanoes State Nature Reserve or in its full name Mud Volcanoes Group of Baku and Absheron Peninsula State Nature Reserve is a state reserve located in the Absheron region of Azerbaijan. The area of the reserve is 12,322.84 hectares and 43 mud volcanoes are protected here. The world's largest mud volcano Toraghay is also protected in this reserve."
Musoma Central Forest Reserve,"Musoma Central Forest is located in Masindi, Uganda. The Forest Reserve showcases Uganda's landscape, wildlife, and culture."
Nagelfluhkette Nature Park,The Nagelfluhkette Nature Park (German: Naturpark Nagelfluhkette) is a cross-border nature park between the German region of Allgäu and the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. The nature park encompasses the area of the three Nagelfluh chains of the Allgäu Nagelfluh ridges. It is the first cross-border nature park between Germany and Austria. The Nagelfluhkette was awarded the status of a nature park in 2008.
National park,"A national park is a natural park in use for conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a government declares or owns. Although individual countries designate their own national parks differently, there is a common idea: the conservation of 'wild nature' for posterity and as a symbol of national pride. National parks are almost always open to visitors.The United States established the first ""public park or pleasuring-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people"", Yellowstone National Park, in 1872. Although Yellowstone was not officially termed a ""national park"" in its establishing law, it was always termed such in practice and is widely held to be the first and oldest national park in the world. However, the Tobago Main Ridge Forest Reserve (in what is now Trinidad and Tobago; established in 1776), and the area surrounding Bogd Khan Uul Mountain (Mongolia, 1778), which were restricted from cultivation in order to protect surrounding farmland, are seen as the oldest legally protected areas. Parks Canada, established on May 19, 1911, became the world's first national park service.An international organization, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), has defined ""National Park"" as its Category II type of protected areas. According to the IUCN, 6,555 national parks worldwide met its criteria in 2006. IUCN is still discussing the parameters of defining a national park."
National Reserve,"A National Reserve is a land designation for protecting conservation values. National Reserve is an umbrella term encompassing many subcategories including managed nature reserves, wildlife reserves, fauna/floral reserves, avian reserves, geological reserves, forest reserves, and even things outside the realm of natural environment like historical preservations and cultural preservations that protect the history and culture of an area like a Native American reservation."
Natural monument,"A natural monument is a natural or natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. 
Under World Commission on Protected Areas guidelines, natural monuments are level III, described as:

""Areas are set aside to protect a specific natural monument, which can be a landform, sea mount, submarine cavern, geological feature such as a cave or even a living feature such as an ancient grove. They are generally quite small protected areas and often have high visitor value.""This is a lower level of protection than level II (national parks) and level I (wilderness areas).
The European Environment Agency's guidelines for selection of a natural monument are:
The area should contain one or more features of outstanding significance. Appropriate natural features include waterfalls, caves, craters, fossil beds, sand dunes and marine features, along with unique or representative fauna and flora; associated cultural features might include cave dwellings, cliff-top forts, archaeological sites, or natural sites which have heritage significance to indigenous peoples.
The area should be large enough to protect the integrity of the feature and its immediately related surroundings.

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Nature park,"A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected natural area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.
In most countries nature parks are subject to legally regulated protection, which is part of their conservation laws.
In terms of level of protection, a category ""Nature Park"" is not the same as a ""National Park"", which is defined by the IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas as a category II type of protected area. 
A ""Nature Park"" designation, depending on local specifics, falls between category III and category VI according to  IUCN categorization, in most cases closer to category VI.
However some nature parks have later been turned into national parks.

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Nature reserve,"A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. They may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a nature park. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as ecological protection area or private protected area in legislation and in official titles of the reserves.

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Open space reserve,"An open space reserve (also called open space preserve, open space reservation, and green space) is an area of protected or conserved land or water on which development is indefinitely set aside.
The purpose of an open space reserve may include the preservation or conservation of a community or region's rural natural or historic character; the conservation or preservation of a land or water area for the sake of recreational, ecological, environmental, aesthetic, or agricultural interests; or the management of a community or region's growth in terms of development, industry, or natural resources extraction. Open space reserves may be urban, suburban, or rural; they may be actual designated areas of land or water, or they may be zoning districts or overlays where development is limited or controlled to create undeveloped areas of land or water within a community or region. They may be publicly owned or owned by non-profit or private interests.
A certain amount of overlap occurs with similar planning and conservation terms. Protected areas are open space reserves in which certain resources indigenous to the landscape are protected as opposed to conserved. Urban open space specifically refers to open space reserves within an urban setting; such may include natural landscapes or manicured urban parkland. Greenways are linear open space reserves, linear corridors that span interconnected open space reserves, or linear chains of connected open space reserves. A green belt is a general area of open space surrounding an urban area. Green infrastructure is the total mass and viability of undeveloped, natural, and agricultural land and waterways, protected or not protected, within a particular community or region. Nature reserves and wildlife refuges are areas of open space set aside for the sake of protecting non-human species. National parks, state parks, and municipal parks, recreation areas, and reservations are types of open space reserves managed by government agencies for the primary purpose of passive or active human enjoyment. National forests, state forests, and municipal forests are types of open space reserves set aside for the primary purpose of forest conservation. Flood control projects and protected ecological research areas may also be considered open space reserves secondary to their primary purpose.
There is growing evidence that open space is unequally distributed based on race and class, particularly in the US state of California, leading to concerns regarding Open Space Accessibility in California and other areas."
Park,"A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. Urban parks are green spaces set aside for recreation inside towns and cities. National parks and country parks are green spaces used for recreation in the countryside. State parks and provincial parks are administered by sub-national government states and agencies. Parks may consist of grassy areas, rocks, soil and trees, but may also contain buildings and other artifacts such as monuments, fountains or playground structures. Many parks have fields for playing sports such as baseball and football, and paved areas for games such as basketball. Many parks have trails for walking, biking and other activities. Some parks are built adjacent to bodies of water or watercourses and may comprise a beach or boat dock area. Urban parks often have benches for sitting and may contain picnic tables and barbecue grills.
The largest parks can be vast natural areas of hundreds of thousands of square kilometers (or square miles), with abundant wildlife and natural features such as mountains and rivers. In many large parks, camping in tents is allowed with a permit. Many natural parks are protected by law, and users may have to follow restrictions (e.g. rules against open fires or bringing in glass bottles). Large national and sub-national parks are typically overseen by a park ranger. Large parks may have areas for canoeing and hiking in the warmer months and, in some northern hemisphere countries, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing in colder months. There are also amusement parks that have live shows, fairground rides, refreshments, and games of chance or skill."
Private protected area,"A private protected area, also known as a private reserve, is not an official category within IUCN's Protected Area guidelines, but includes those protected areas that fall under geographical space that is privately owned, 'kept aside' for public benefit, and will be likely to fall into any one of the IUCN Protected Area Management Categories.The IUCN defines a private protected area as “a land parcel of any size that is..."": 

""Predominantly managed for biodiversity conservation;
""Protected with or without formal government recognition; and
""Is owned or otherwise secured by individuals, communities, corporations, or non-governmental organisations.”A Private Protected Area represents a private initiative towards preserving biodiversity, which indicates the importance of the involvement of individuals, corporations, and other private bodies in the understanding and maintenance of protected areas. In Eastern and Southern Africa, privately owned lands play an important role in conserving critical biodiversity. Private protected areas in Southern Africa alone protect millions of ecologically important areas, especially in critical buffer zones and corridor areas."
Protected area mosaic,"A protected area mosaic, or conservation mosaic is a collection of environmentally protected areas that are treated as a whole, either formally or informally.
The protected areas may be of different types, including strictly protected areas and sustainable use areas, which may be administered at different public levels or privately.
They may include areas assigned to indigenous people.
A mosaic may be more flexible and effective than an attempt to combine all the areas into a single conservation unit under one agency.
In practice, results with mosaics in different countries have been mixed."
Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources,A protected area with sustainable use of natural resources or managed resource protected area is a protected area in which the aim is to protect and preserve biological diversity in the long term. The IUCN defines such areas as Category VI.
Ramsar site,"A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as ""The Convention on Wetlands"",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar identifies wetlands of international importance, especially those providing waterfowl habitat.
As of May 2023, there are 2,491 Ramsar sites around the world, protecting 256,759,538 hectares (634,466,640 acres), and 171 national governments are participating."
Recreation area,"A recreation area is a type of protected area designated in some jurisdictions.

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St. Brandon,"Saint Brandon, also known as the Cargados Carajos Shoals, is an Indian Ocean archipelago of sand banks, shoals and islets belonging to Mauritius. It lies about 430 km (270 mi) northeast of the island of Mauritius. It consists of five island groups, with about 28-40 islands and islets in total, depending on seasonal storms and related sand movements.The archipelago is low-lying and is prone to substantial submersion in severe weather by tropical cyclones in the Mascarene Islands. It has an aggregate land area estimated variously at 1.3 km2 (0.50 sq mi) and 200 ha (500 acres). The islands have a small population of mostly fishermen, numbering 63 people in 2001. The bulk of this population, approximately 40 people, live on Île Raphael, with smaller settlements existing on Avocaré Island, L'Île Coco, and L'île du Sud.
In the early 19th century, most of the islands were used as fishing stations. Today, only one company operates on the archipelago with three fishing stations and accommodation for sport fishermen on L'île du Sud and Île Raphael. A settlement on Albatross Island was abandoned in 1988.Thirteen of the thirty islands of St. Brandon held on a permanent lease since 1901 were subject to a legal dispute from 11 August 1995 until 30 July 2008 between a deceased Mauritian citizen called M. Talbot and the government of Mauritius as co-defendant and the Raphael Fishing Company, but this was definitively resolved by Mauritius's Highest Court of Appeal, the UK Privy Council in 2008 which converted the Permanent Lease into a Permanent Grant."
Special Area of Conservation,"A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention."
Special Protection Area,"A special protection area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with special areas of conservation (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called Natura 2000. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code UK9009031."
Strict nature reserve,"A strict nature reserve (IUCN category Ia) or wilderness area (IUCN category Ib) is the highest category of protected area recognised by the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), a body which is part of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). These category I areas are the most stringently protected natural landscapes."
This Is My Earth,"This is My Earth (TiME) is a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving biodiversity by using crowdsourcing to purchase lands in biodiversity hotspots.
TiME was established in 2015 by Prof. Uri Shanas of the University of Haifa at Oranim, who continues to act as TiME's CEO. The organization is advised by an international team of scientists and environmental activists. 
TiME functions as a democracy in which every member, regardless of the amount of their donation, has an equal vote to determine which of the scientifically vetted conservation projects proposed each year is allocated the annual crowdfunded grant. 
The organization's goal is to preserve biodiversity hotspots and to curb the Sixth Extinction, which is mainly caused by human activity."
Town square,"A square (or plaza, public square, urban square, or piazza) is an open public space used for various activities. Squares are not necessarily a true geometric square. Most squares are hardscapes suitable for open markets, concerts, political rallies, and other events that require firm ground.
A town square is commonly found in the heart of a traditional town and is used for community gatherings. A square in a city may be called a city square. Related concepts are the civic center, the market square and the village green.
Being centrally located, town squares are usually surrounded by small shops such as bakeries, meat markets, cheese stores, and clothing stores. At their center is often a well, monument, statue or other feature. Those with fountains are sometimes called fountain squares.

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Transboundary protected area,"A transboundary protected area (TBPA) is an ecological protected area that spans boundaries of more than one country or sub-national entity. Such areas are also known as transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) or peace parks.TBPAs exist in many forms around the world, and are established for various reasons. The preservation of traditional animal migration patterns, ensuring sufficient food and water sources for population growth, is a critical reason for the creation of TBPAs. However, TBPAs also encourage tourism, economic development and goodwill between neighbouring countries, as well as making it easier for indigenous inhabitants of the area to travel."
Urban biosphere reserve,"An urban biosphere reserve is an attempt to apply the biosphere reserve concept to urban areas by the MAB Programme of UNESCO. Through urban planning and ecosystem management, an urban biosphere reserve is expected to support sustainable development and conservation. Brighton and Hove is bidding to become the world's first urban biosphere reserve.The need for urban biosphere reserves has arisen as the number of people living in the world's cities has reached three billion, nearly half of the total population. By 2050 two-thirds of the total population will be living in the cities. The rapid expansion of the cities and of their populations pose a challenge for a viable global environment. Although some of the existing biosphere reserves include cities and towns, entirely urban-oriented biosphere reserves have yet to be included in the list."
Urban green space,"In land-use planning, urban green space is open-space areas reserved for parks and other ""green spaces"", including plant life, water features - also referred to as blue spaces - and other kinds of natural environment. Most  urban open spaces are green spaces, but occasionally include other kinds of open areas. The landscape of urban open spaces can range from playing fields to highly maintained environments to relatively natural landscapes.
Generally considered open to the public, urban green spaces are sometimes privately owned, such as higher education campuses, neighborhood/community parks/gardens, and institutional or corporate grounds. Areas outside city boundaries, such as state and national parks as well as open space in the countryside, are not considered urban open space. Streets, piazzas, plazas and urban squares are not always defined as urban open space in land use planning. Urban green spaces have wide reaching positive impacts on the health of individuals and communities near the green space.Urban greening policies are important for revitalizing communities, reducing financial burdens of healthcare and increasing quality of life. Most policies focus on community benefits, and reducing negative effects of urban development, such as surface runoff and the urban heat island effect. Historically, access to green space has favored wealthier, and more privileged communities, thus recent focus in urban greening has increasingly focused on environmental justice concerns, and community engagement in the greening process. In particular, in cities with economic decline, such as the Rust Belt in the United States, urban greening has broad community revitalization impacts.Urban areas have greatly expanded, resulting in over half of the world's population being located in urban locations. As the population continues to grow, this number is predicted to be at two-thirds of people living in urban areas by 2050."
Wild river,"A wild river (United States, Australia, & New Zealand) or heritage river (Canada) is a river or a river system designated by a government to be protected and kept ""relatively untouched by development and are therefore in near natural condition, with all, or almost all, of their natural values intact.""Within some nation states including in the United States of America, Canada, New Zealand, and the Commonwealth of Australia, governments have opted to focus on rivers and river systems as a kind of ""unmodified or slightly modified"" landscape feature to protect, manage and preserve in near 'natural' condition – variously labeling or formally declaring such areas to be ""wild rivers"" (or ""heritage rivers"").
The term ""wild river"" may also more generically describe or identify free-flowing rivers without dams."
Wilderness,"Wilderness or wildlands (usually in the plural) are natural environments on Earth that have not been significantly modified by human activity, or any nonurbanized land not under extensive agricultural cultivation. The term has traditionally referred to terrestrial environments, though growing attention is being placed on marine wilderness. Recent maps of wilderness suggest it covers roughly one-quarter of Earth's terrestrial surface, but is being rapidly degraded by human activity. Even less wilderness remains in the ocean, with only 13.2% free from intense human activity.Some governments establish protection for wilderness areas by law to not only preserve what already exists, but also to promote and advance a natural expression and development. These can be set up in preserves, conservation preserves, national forests, national parks and even in urban areas along rivers, gulches or otherwise undeveloped areas. Often these areas are considered important for the survival of certain species, biodiversity, ecological studies, conservation, solitude and recreation. They may also preserve historic genetic traits and provide habitat for wild flora and fauna that may be difficult to recreate in zoos, arboretums or laboratories."
Wildlife management area,A wildlife management area (WMA) is a protected area set aside for the conservation of wildlife and for recreational activities involving wildlife.
World Database on Protected Areas,"The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is the largest assembly of data on the world's terrestrial and marine protected areas, containing more than 260,000 protected areas as of August 2020, with records covering 245 countries and territories throughout the world. The WDPA is a joint venture between the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA).
Data for the WDPA is collected from international convention secretariats, governments and collaborating NGOs, but the role of custodian is allocated to the Protected Areas Programme of UNEP-WCMC, based in Cambridge, UK, who have hosted the database since its creation in 1981. The WDPA delivers invaluable information to decision-makers around the world, particularly in terms of measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets. In October 2010, UNEP-WCMC launched the social media-based website Protected Planet, which allows users to interact with and improve the data that is currently recorded on the World Database on Protected Areas.

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World Heritage Site,"A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, scientific or other forms of significance. The sites are judged to contain ""cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity"".To be selected, a World Heritage Site must be a somehow unique landmark which is geographically and historically identifiable and has special cultural or physical significance. For example, World Heritage Sites might be ancient ruins or historical structures, buildings, cities, deserts, forests, islands, lakes, monuments, mountains, or wilderness areas. A World Heritage Site may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humanity, and serve as evidence of our intellectual history on the planet, or it might be a place of great natural beauty. As of January 2023, a total of 1,157 World Heritage Sites (900 cultural, 218 natural, and 39 mixed properties) exist across 167 countries. With 58 selected areas, Italy is the country with the most sites on the list; China is the second with 56 sites, and Germany is the third with 51.The sites are intended for practical conservation for posterity, which otherwise would be subject to risk from human or animal trespassing, unmonitored, uncontrolled or unrestricted access, or threat from local administrative negligence. Sites are demarcated by UNESCO as protected zones. The World Heritage Sites list is maintained by the international World Heritage Program administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 ""states parties"" that are elected by their General Assembly. The programme catalogues, names, and conserves sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common culture and heritage of humanity. The programme began with the ""Convention Concerning the Protection of the World's Cultural and Natural Heritage"", which was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972. Since then, 195 states have ratified the convention, making it one of the most widely recognised international agreements and the world's most popular cultural programme.

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Pueblo,"In the Southwestern United States, Pueblo (capitalized) refers to the Native tribes of Puebloans having fixed-location communities with permanent buildings which also are called pueblos (lowercased). The Spanish explorers of northern New Spain used the term pueblo to refer to permanent indigenous towns they found in the region, mainly in New Mexico and parts of Arizona, in the former province of Nuevo México. This term continued to be used to describe the communities housed in apartment structures built of stone, adobe mud, and other local material. The structures were usually multi-storied buildings surrounding an open plaza, with rooms accessible only through ladders raised/lowered by the inhabitants, thus protecting them from break-ins and unwanted guests. Larger pueblos were occupied by hundreds to thousands of Puebloan people. Various federally recognized tribes have traditionally resided in pueblos of such design. Later Pueblo Deco and modern Pueblo Revival architecture, which mixes elements of traditional Pueblo and Hispano design, has continued to be a popular architectural style in New Mexico. The term is now part of the proper name of some historical sites, such as Acoma Pueblo."
Arroyo Hondo Pueblo,"Arroyo Hondo Pueblo was a pueblo in the upper Rio Grande valley, New Mexico. First occupied in the 13th century, the complex grew rapidly, and at its peak in the 14th century contained up to a thousand rooms; it has been called a ""pueblo boomtown"". However, it was short-lived, and the site was abandoned by about 1425.The pueblo has been the subject of a major archaeological research project since the 1970s, directed by Douglas W. Schwartz. It was listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

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Posi-ouinge,"Posi-ouinge is an archeological site in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico and Taos County, New Mexico near Ojo Caliente.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its information potential.
The Bureau of Land Management reports:Posi-Ouinge, the 'Greenness Pueblo,' is a large prehistoric village dated to the 13th through the 16th centuries AD. The pueblo may have had well over 2,000 rooms, making it one of the largest in the southwest. The village was inhabited by Tewa Indians whose descendants now live near the Rio Grande in the Espanola area. The word 'Tewa' refers to a group of Puebloan inhabitants living along the northern Rio Grande and speaking a similar language. Today, the pueblo lies above the hot springs resort at Ojo Caliente. A short, self-guided hike beginning just west of the Mineral Spring Hotel takes you up onto the river terrace above and then around the site through room blocks and to vistas with beautiful views of the Ojo Caliente valley.
Access to the trail is behind the Ojo Caliente Mineral Springs Resort at 50 Los Banos Drive in Ojo Caliente.

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Pueblo of Santo Domingo (Kiua),"The Pueblo of Santo Domingo (Kiua), in Sandoval County, New Mexico, in the general area of Albuquerque, New Mexico dates from 1700. A 48 acres (19 ha) area of the pueblo was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.  The listing included 80 contributing buildings.It is located 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Albuquerque, off Interstate 25.

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"Tamaya (Bernalillo, New Mexico)","Tamaya, also known as Santa Ana Pueblo, 9 miles (14 km) north of Bernalillo, New Mexico, dates from 1694.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.  The listing included 21 contributing buildings on 21.5 acres (8.7 ha).It was rebuilt in 1734 by Fray Diego Arias de Espinoza. It is included in the modern Santa Ana Pueblo CDP.

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List of heritage railways,"This list of heritage railways includes heritage railways sorted by country, state, or region. A heritage railway is a preserved or tourist railroad which is run as a tourist attraction, is usually but not always run by volunteers, and often seeks to re-create railway scenes of the past."
Tunnel of Love (railway),"The Tunnel of Love (Ukrainian: Туне́ль Коха́ння, Tunel Kokhannya) is a section of industrial railway located near Klevan, Ukraine, that links it with Orzhiv. It is a railway surrounded by green arches and is three to five kilometers in length. It is known for being a favorite place for couples to take walks since trains pass thrice a day."
Roadside attraction,"A roadside attraction is a feature along the side of a road meant to attract tourists. In general, these are places one might stop on the way to somewhere, rather than being a destination. They are frequently advertised with billboards. The modern tourist-oriented highway attraction originated as a U.S. and  Canadian phenomenon in the 1940s to 1960s, and subsequently caught on in Australia."
List of largest roadside attractions,"This is a list of verifiably notable roadside attractions. 

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Big things (Australia),"The big things of Australia are large structures, some of which are novelty architecture and some are sculptures. In Australia, big things have come to be seen as a uniquely Australian phenomena, although they emerged at the same time as the so-called Roadside Giants (fibreglass sculptures of things) of the United States. These structures have become affectionately known landmarks scattered throughout the country, with an estimated count of over 600 such objects around the country. There are big things in every state and territory in continental Australia."
List of landmarks on U.S. Route 66,"The landmarks on U.S. Route 66 include roadside attractions, notable establishments, and buildings of historical significance along U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66).
The increase of tourist traffic to California in the 1950s prompted the creation of motels and roadside attractions as an attempt of businesses along the route to get the attention of motorists passing by. With the decommissioning of Route 66 many of these sites fell into disrepair, but some still exist and have been the focus of preservation efforts."
List of New Zealand's big things,"The big things of New Zealand are  large novelty statues located in small towns which typically relate to the town and its identity. Examples include the Taihape gumboot, in a town which has an annual gumboot-throwing contest; the large L&P bottle in Paeroa, the town where the drink originated, and the Big Sheep Shearer in Te Kuiti, where the national sheep-shearing competitions are held. A similar tradition is found in Australia."
Saving and Preserving Arts and Cultural Environments,"Saving and Preserving Arts and Cultural Environments (SPACES or SPACES Archives) is a non-profit public benefit organization created with an international focus on the study, documentation, and preservation of art environments (or visionary environments) and self-taught, publicly-accessible artistic activity (see self-taught art). Currently based in Aptos, California, SPACES boasts an archive of approximately 35,000 photographs as well as hundreds of books, articles, audio and video tapes/DVDs, and artists’ documents. SPACES has become recognized internationally as the largest and most complete archive on this subject.SPACES maintains an online index of more than 1,400 art environments around the world, exhibiting its collection of images, documents, and writings, and also providing further reading on the artists and their built environments. The organization also provides resources and best practices on the preservation of threatened sites.In June 2017, SPACES announced a partnership with the Kohler Foundation to transfer SPACES’ archives and the operation of the website to the only foundation in the country dedicated to the preservation of art environments. The Kohler Foundation, which is the philanthropic organization founded by the Kohler family of Wisconsin, has committed extensive resources to the present and future of SPACES' mission and archives for ""generations to come."""
Seven Magic Mountains,
Association of the Royal Residences of Europe,"Association of the Royal Residences of Europe is an international organisation.The main goal is ""develop and manage the network of European Royal Residences"", like they put online.
The network was created in 1996 by the Chateau de Versailes and in 2001 between 19 former royal institutions. Each year a meeting is organised for the members."
List of royal palaces,"This is a list of royal palaces, sorted by continent."
Amiri Diwan of the State of Qatar,"The Amiri Diwan of the State of Qatar is the sovereign body and the administrative office of the Amir. It is the official workplace and office of the Amir of the State of Qatar. The Amiri Diwan represents the figurative and bureaucratic center of Qatar. The building also hosts the office of the Deputy Amir and the Prime Minister.

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Foumban Royal Palace,"The Foumban Royal Palace is a historical building in the city of Foumban, capital of Noun. It is the seat of the Kingdom of Bamum, where the Chief-Superior of the peoples of the valley of the East bank of the Noun resides.
The royal palace of Foumban, where the king of the Bamum still resides today, was built in 1917. The Palace Museum tells the history of the dynasty of the Bamum kings from 1394 to the present day, with information on the most famous of the Bamum kings, Ibrahim Njoya, who died in 1933 and who created a writing system at the end of the 19th century called Bamum script.

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Mahal (palace),"Mahal (/mɛˈɦɛl/), meaning ""a mansion or a palace"", though it may also refer to ""living quarters for a set of people"". It is an Indian word which derives from the Persian word mahal, deriving from the Arabic word mahall which in turn is derived from ḥall ‘stopping place, abode’. A place of destination would therefore be referred to as ""mahal anuzul"". A place of recreation would be referred to as ""mahal anunzul"". The term máhal to refer to a place was also adopted in Hindi for example Panch Mahals and Jungle Mahals. The word developed its meaning for palace as in opposition to that of a jhopri or a ""dilapidated house"" as a neologism.Both Muslim and Hindu rulers built many Mahals in India.

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Palace,"A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which housed the Imperial residences.Most European languages have a version of the term (palais, palazzo, palacio, etc.), and many use it for a wider range of buildings than English. In many parts of Europe, the equivalent term is also applied to large private houses in cities, especially of the aristocracy, for example the Italian palazzo; often the term for a large country house is different. Many historic palaces are now put to other uses such as parliaments, museums, hotels, or office buildings. The word is also sometimes used to describe a lavishly ornate building used for public entertainment or exhibitions such as a movie palace.
A palace is normally distinguished from a castle in that the latter clearly is fortified or has the style of a fortification, whereas a palace does not.

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"Royal Palace, Tell el-Ful","Royal Palace at Tell el-ful is an abandoned structure near Beit Hanina, atop a hill known as Tell el-Ful (Hill of Beans, Hebrew: גבעת שאול, Givat Shaul, lit. Hill of Saul)."
Throne room,"A throne room or throne hall is the room, often rather a hall, in the official residence of the crown, either a palace or a fortified castle, where the throne of a senior figure (usually a monarch) is set up with elaborate pomp—usually raised, often with steps, and under a canopy, both of which are part of the original notion of the Greek word thronos.

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Villa Guardamangia,"Villa Guardamangia (Italian – 'look' and 'eat'), formerly known as Casa Medina and sometimes referred to as Casa Guardamangia, is a 16,791 square feet (1,559.9 m2) townhouse in Gwardamanġa, Pietà, Malta, which served as the residence of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (later Queen Elizabeth II), and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, between 1949 and 1951, while Philip was stationed in Malta as a naval officer."
Scenic route,"A scenic route, tourist road, tourist route, tourist drive, holiday route, theme route, or scenic byway is a specially designated road or waterway that travels through an area of natural or cultural beauty. It often passes by scenic viewpoints. The designation is usually determined by a governmental body, such as a Department of Transportation or a Ministry of Transport."
Andean Baroque Route,"The Andean Baroque Route is a scenic route of Peru mainly dedicated to 4 churches belonging to the Andean Baroque artistic movement, including the Society of Jesus Church of Cusco and the Saint Peter the Apostle Church of Andahuaylillas.
There are two possible versions of this route: one short and one long. The short route passes through Cusco, Andahuaylillas, Huaro and Urcos towards lake Titicaca and Bolivia. The long route includes these same stages but continues towards Puerto Maldonado after reaching Urcos. It passes through Ccatcca, Ocongate and Marcapata."
Blue Diamond (Iceland),"The Blue Diamond is a tourist route in Iceland covering about 50 km looping from Reykjavik into the Reykjanes Peninsula and back.
The primary stops on the Blue Diamond route in the Reykjanes Geopark are Gunnuhver (largest mud geyser in Iceland), Valahnúkur, Walk inside a crater – Stamparnir, The Raven Rift (just like in Þingvellir – Almannagjá), The Bridge Between Continents, Reykjanes lighthouse, Friðrik VIII, Presidents hill, Power Plant Earth, Fire Island, Krísuvík, Seltún, Vikingworld, Kvikan – House of Culture and Natural Resources and the Blue Lagoon. Other stops include The Icelandic Museum of Rock 'n' Roll, Duushús : culture and art center, Sudurnes Science and Learning Center Sandgerði, Flösin Garðskaga, Stafnes church and the Svartsengi and Reykjanesvirkjun geothermal power plants."
European Route of Historic Theatres,"The European Route of Historic Theatres is a holiday route and European Cultural Route, that runs through many European countries. It links cities with important historic theatres from the 16th to 19th centuries.
This cultural route was initiated by the members of the organisation, Perspectiv – Association of Historic Theatres in Europe, which was founded in October 2003 with the aim of preserving the cultural heritage of historic theatres in Europe. The head offices of this charitable association are in the Goethe town of Bad Lauchstädt and city of Berlin. The project is supported by the Culture programme of the European Union.
The European Route of Historic Theatres originally consisted of five individually named routes: the German Route, the Nordic Route, The Channel Route, the Italian Route and the Emperor Route. Each links between 9 and 12 towns and cities with important theatre traditions. Cultural tourists can travel directly from the start or finish of any route to another nearby route.
In 2014, two more routes were added: the French and Adriatic Routes. Other routes planned are: the Baltic and Iberian Routes (2015); and the Alpine and Black Sea Routes (2016)."
Hippie trail,"Hippie trail (also the overland) is the name given to an overland journey taken by members of the hippie subculture and others from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s travelling from Europe and West Asia through South Asia such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh to Thailand. The hippie trail was a form of alternative tourism, and one of the key elements was travelling as cheaply as possible, mainly to extend the length of time away from home. The term ""hippie"" became current in the mid-to-late 1960s; ""beatnik"" was the previous term from the later 1950s.
In every major stop of the hippie trail, there were hotels, restaurants and cafés for Westerners, who networked with each other as they travelled east and west. The hippies tended to interact more with the local population than traditional sightseers did.The hippie trail largely ended in the late 1970s primarily due to both the Iranian Revolution resulting in an anti-Western government, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, closing the route to Western travelers."
Ireland's Ancient East,"Ireland's Ancient East (Irish: Sean-Oirthear na hÉireann) is a destination marketing brand representing the east coast, and parts of the midlands and south coasts, of Ireland. Unlike the Wild Atlantic Way, the region's tourism trail doesn't have a set driving route, and instead seeks to connect various sights throughout seventeen counties in two provinces. The concept is built around four ""pillars"": Ancient Ireland, Early Christian Ireland, Medieval Ireland and Anglo Ireland.Bus Éireann promotes various routes that pass through, or near, landmarks on the trail."
Wild Atlantic Way,"The Wild Atlantic Way (Irish: Slí an Atlantaigh Fhiáin) is a tourism trail on the west coast, and on parts of the north and south coasts, of Ireland. The 2,500 km (1,553 mile) driving route passes through nine counties and three provinces, stretching from County Donegal's Inishowen Peninsula in Ulster to Kinsale, County Cork, in Munster, on the Celtic Sea coast."
Ireland's Hidden Heartlands,
Marguerite route,"The Marguerite route is a tourist route in Denmark passing approximately 1000 of Denmark's smaller and larger attractions, sights and historic sites.
The total length of the route is 3600 km. The route was opened on April 21, 1991 by Queen Margrethe II. The route is named after Marguerite flowers (leucanthemum vulgare), the favorite flower of the queen."
R574 road (Ireland),"The R574 is an Irish regional road in the Beara peninsula which crosses the Caha Mountains via (Tim) Healy Pass. It runs from the R572 at Adrigole in County Cork to the R571 near Lauragh in County Kerry.  It is a popular tourist route with the pass at an altitude of 300m giving panoramas towards Bantry Bay to the south-east and the Kenmare River to the north-west.
The original track,  called the Kerry Pass, was cut during the Great Famine as a poor relief public works project. It was 
renamed for Timothy Michael Healy, former Governor-General of the Irish Free State, who died in 1931 shortly after the road was improved. The name ""Healy Pass"" is now also applied to the pass itself, previously called Ballaghscart or Ballyscarta, anglicisations of Irish: Bealach Scairte, which remains its Irish name."
Rota Romântica,"The Rota Romântica (lit. 'Romantic Route') is a scenic tourist route that runs through 13 municipalities located in the Serra Gaúcha region of the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.  The area was first colonized by German immigrants in the first half of the 19th century, and the strong German influence can still be seen in each of the towns and villages.  The Germanic roots are visible in the architecture, gastronomy and occasionally in the accent and language (Riograndenser Hunsrückisch) of the region.
The Rota Romântica is approximately 184 km (about 114 miles) in distance and extends from São Leopoldo to São Francisco de Paula.  The 13 municipalities along the route are: São Leopoldo, Novo Hamburgo, Estância Velha, Ivoti, Dois Irmãos, Morro Reuter, Santa Maria do Herval, Presidente Lucena, Picada Café, Nova Petrópolis, Gramado, Canela, São Francisco de Paula, and Linha Nova.
The cities of Nova Petrópolis, Gramado, Canela, and São Francisco de Paula are also included in the Região das Hortênsias, one of Brazil's tourist hot spots and very popular throughout the country in the winter and holiday seasons, for its breath-taking scenery, rich European cultural heritage and picturesque architecture."
Wine route,"The wine route within wine-producing regions, are marked and advertised roads with special signs, along which insist natural, cultural and environmental values, vineyards and cellars of individual or associated farms open to the public. They constitute an instrument through which the wine territories and their productions can be disclosed, marketed and used in the form of a tourist offer."
Scenic viewpoint,"A scenic viewpoint – also called an observation point, viewpoint, viewing point, vista point, lookout, scenic overlook, etc. – is an elevated location where people can view scenery (often with binoculars) and photograph it. Scenic viewpoints may be created alongside scenic routes or mountain roads, often as simple turnouts or lay-bys where motorists can pull over onto pavement, gravel, or grass on the right-of-way.
Many viewpoints are larger, having parking areas, while some (typically on larger highways) are off the road completely. Viewing points may also be found on hill or mountain tops or on rocky spurs overlooking a valley and reached via a hiking trail. They may be protected by railings to protect the public or be enhanced by a viewing tower designed to elevate visitors above the surrounding terrain or trees in order to offer panoramic views.
Overlooks are frequently found in national parks, and in the U.S. along national parkways such as the Blue Ridge Parkway, which has numerous individually named overlooks for viewing the Blue Ridge Mountains and its valleys. Other overlooks are next to waterfalls, especially since mountain roads tend to follow streams.
Many overlooks are accessible only by trails and wooden walkways and stairs, especially in ecologically sensitive areas. These overlooks are often wooden decks, which minimize the impact on the land by reducing the need to disturb it for construction."
Aulanko Castle,"Aulanko Castle (Finnish: Aulangonlinna, Swedish: Karlbergs slott) is an ancient hillfort located in Hämeenlinna, Tavastia Proper, Finland. The Iron Age residence and the cemetery are also known near the castle. The Aulanko Castle has developed a diverse and nationally significant cultural environment, which is complemented by the Aulanko Nature Reserve established in the ridge area.

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Belvedér,The Belvedér (German and English: Belvedere) is the oldest viewing point in Bohemian Switzerland in the Czech Republic. It is located near Labská Stráň high above the Elbe valley.
Eagle's Nest Park,"Eagle's Nest Park is a scenic lookout in the town of Bancroft, Ontario, Canada. It is built on the top of a sheer rock face and overlooks the northern portions of the town, the York River and Bancroft Airport.
The name comes from a likely apocryphal story that takes place in 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Gaebel were in their yard when they heard the screams of a child that an eagle was attempting to carry off. The eagle was frightened off and the child unharmed, but the Gaebel's decided they should remove the eagle to prevent such attacks in the future. They lowered their son, 12-year-old William, down to the nest that was in a fir tree on the cliff face. He destroyed the eggs and the eagle left, never to return. Eagles were reported to have used the site in the past, but the last recorded confirmed sighting in the area was in 1918.Today, the purported site of the action features the Hawkwatch Trail, capped by a large wooden platform that provides views out over the town. The trail passes the footings of a former fire watchtower. The site was recently redeveloped with several additional trails being added and a number of interpretive centers."
Glaselefant,"The Glass Elephant (German: Glaselefant) is a landmark in Hamm, Germany. The former coal-washing building in the Maximilian colliery was reconstructed as a walk-in sculpture by the artist and architect Horst Rellecke for Hamm's horticultural show in 1984.The ""head"" of the Elephant houses a palm garden as well as Rellecke's kinetic art pieces. The lift to the palm garten can be found in the Elephant's glass trunk, while a staircase is located at its ""rear"". At a height of 29 m, the Elephant opens up to a panorama of the Maximilian park, the city of Hamm, and its surroundings.

In 2009, for North Rhine-Westphalia day, which was held in Hamm, the Glass Elephant was lavishly redecorated and equipped with a modern LED lights installation, which changes colours between white, blue, green, yellow, and red. Ever since then, the Glass Elephant changes its colour at regular intervals. During the autumn holidays in North Rhine-Westphalia, the Glass Elephant is used for a light show for the ""Herbstleuchten"" (English: autumn radiance) festival. During this light show the LED lights installation changes colours and turns on and off to the rhythm of the music.
Replicas and sculptures of the Glass Elephant can be found all over Hamm. A floral sculpture of the Elephant is located in the Kurpark Bad Hamm."
Gračina Viewpoint,"Gračina Viewpoint is situated in Croatia, in the Municipality of Tisno, between Ivinj and Tisno. The viewpoint is 113 meters above sea level and there is a view of Tisno, Pirovac and Lake Vrana as well as the islands of Murter and Kornati. There is a television transmitter at the viewpoint."
Ladies View,"Ladies View is a scenic viewpoint on the Ring of Kerry tourist route about 19 kilometres (12 miles) from Killarney along the N71 road to Kenmare, in the Killarney National Park in Ireland.  The Irish Times ranked Ladies View as one of the most photographed places in Ireland,  while the Daily Edge ranked the views amongst Ireland's finest on Instagram. The name Ladies View (sometimes spelt Ladies' View), stems from the admiration of the view given by Queen Victoria's ladies-in-waiting during Victoria's 1861 visit to Ireland.  In October 2017, a tourist couple almost drove their rental car over the edge of the cliff and into the valley below.The main viewpoint has a small car park, and a café."
Mirador de la Cruz,"Mirador de la Cruz (English: Lookout on Cross Hill) is a popular scenic viewpoint and tourist attraction in Puerto Vallarta, in the Mexican state of Jalisco.In Fodor's 2021 overview of ""ultimate things to do"" in the city, Nathan Aguilera said, ""The hike is a bit grueling but doesn’t last long, and you’ll be rewarded with some of the best views in all of Puerto Vallarta. The stairs are steep and rustic at best, so this is another tour not suited for those with mobility issues, and again, you’ll need to be reasonably fit."""
Mirador del Obispado,"The Mirador del Obispado (Bishop’s Lookout) is located at the top of the Cerro del Obispado (Bishop’s Hill) in the northern city of Monterrey, Mexico. It features the biggest bandera monumental (monumental flag) in Mexico. The hill and the lookout receive their name from the building constructed in the middle of the hill by the end of the 18th century, the Palacio del Obispado (Bishop’s Palace).
At an altitude of 775 meters above the sea level the lookout consists of a 40 meters of diameter round-shaped esplanade with the flag pole at its center. There are benches, a small parking lot (mainly for handicapped people) and 3 French gardens. The installations are also equipped with restrooms and water troughs. It was conceived as a family walking stroll so the main road is very wide and well illuminated. Cars are allowed to pass but the main parking lot is at the entrance of the Park."
Old Wolfstein Castle,"Old Wolfstein Castle (German: Burg Alt-Wolfstein, also called the Altes Schloß), is a ruined hillside castle on the eastern slopes of the Königsberg at the narrowest point in the Lauter valley near Wolfstein in the county of Kusel in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate."
Pyynikki Esker,"The Pyynikki Esker (or the Pyynikki Ridge; Finnish: Pyynikinharju) is the tallest longitudinal esker in the world, located in Pyynikki, Tampere, Finland. The ridge rises to a height of 160 meters above sea level and 80 meters above the surface of Lake Pyhäjärvi. The Pyynikki Esker belongs to the ridge formation that extends from South Ostrobothnia to Salpausselkä. The ridge formation continues west of the Pyynikki Esker as a rocky ridge known as the Pispala Esker (Pispalanharju) and Tahmela. To the east, after the settlement of Tampere, the ridge becomes the Kalevankangas esker, where there has been a cemetery by same name for almost 150 years. In Kangasala, the ridge formation continues as the four ridges called Kirkkoharju, Kuohunharju, Keisarinharju and Vehoniemenharju. The Pyynikki Esker, like longitudinal ridges, is mainly gravel and sand.
There are still some old European red pines growing in Pyynikki, whose roots are partly in the air, as the sandy ground rolls down towards Lake Pyhäjärvi over the years. Vegetation on gravel ridges has not only pines but also junipers that are protected. However, juniper berries can be picked when you remember that the branches should not be folded or the juniper should not be removed from the ground. There also grows Norway maples, which give the ridge a beautiful color in autumn. Mountain currants also grow on these ridges. In the middle of the heathers you can find golden chanterelles and in the autumn a few other edible mushrooms. Lingonberries also thrive on the southern slopes.The Pyynikki observation tower, built in 1929, is still in use. It has a ground-level café. There are wooden stairs at several points on the slopes of Pyynikki, along which you can reach the top of the Pyynikki Esker from the shore of Lake Pyhäjärvi."
Sderot cinema,
Stegastein,"Stegastein  is a scenic overlook on Sogn og Fjordane County Road 243 in Norway.
The 30-metre (98 ft) long and 4-metre (13 ft) wide platform of steel and laminated pine overlooks Aurlandsvangen and the Aurlandsfjord. This project is part of a national program of tourist routes commissioned by the Norwegian Highway Department."
Wilhelmsblick,"The Wilhelmsblick in the Harz Mountains of central Germany is a viewing point near the village of Treseburg in the Bode Gorge in the county of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt. From this single point, four different stretches of the River Bode may be seen as it swings in great loops around the spur on which the viewing point is located."
Shopping center,"A shopping center (American English), shopping centre (Commonwealth English) or shopping mall, also called a shopping complex, shopping arcade, shopping plaza or galleria, is a group of shops built together, sometimes under one roof.The first known collections of retailers under one roof are public markets, dating back to ancient times, and Middle Eastern covered markets, bazaars and souqs. In Paris, about 150 covered passages were built between the late 18th century and 1850, and a wealth of shopping arcades were built across Europe in the 19th century. In the United States, the widespread use of the automobile in the 1920s led to the first shopping centers of a few dozen shops that included parking for cars. Starting in 1946, larger, open air centers anchored by department stores were built (sometimes as a collection of adjacent retail properties with different owners), then enclosed shopping malls starting with Victor Gruen's Southdale Center near Minneapolis in 1956.
A shopping mall is a type of shopping center, a North American term originally meaning a pedestrian promenade with shops along it, but in the late 1960s began to be used as a generic term for large shopping centers anchored by department stores, especially enclosed centers. Many malls are currently in severe decline (""dead malls"") or have closed. Successful exceptions have added entertainment and experiential features, added big-box stores as anchor tenants, or are specialized formats: power centers, lifestyle centers, factory outlet centers, and festival marketplaces.  Smaller types of shopping centers in North America include neighborhood shopping centers, and even smaller, strip malls. Pedestrian malls (shopping streets) in the United States have been less common and less successful than in Europe. In Canada, underground passages in Montreal and Toronto link large adjacent downtown retail spaces.
In the United Kingdom and Europe, distinction is made between shopping centers (shops under one roof), shopping precincts (pedestrianized zones of a town or city where many retail stores are located), the ""high street"" (street – pedestrianized or not – with a high concentration of retail shops), and retail parks (usually out of the city center, 5000 sq.m. or larger and anchored by big-box stores or supermarkets, rather than department stores)."
Shopping mall,"A shopping mall (or simply mall) is a North American term for a large indoor shopping center, usually anchored by department stores. The term ""mall"" originally meant a pedestrian promenade with shops along it (that is, the term was used to refer to the walkway itself which was merely bordered by such shops), but in the late 1960s, it began to be used as a generic term for the large enclosed shopping centers that were becoming commonplace at the time. In the U.K., such complexes are considered shopping centres (Commonwealth English: shopping centre), though ""shopping center"" covers many more sizes and types of centers than the North American ""mall"". Other countries may follow U.S. usage (Philippines, India, and U.A.E.) while still others (Australia, etc.) follow U.K. usage. In Canadian English, and often in Australia and New Zealand, the term 'mall' may be used informally but 'shopping centre' or merely 'centre' will feature in the name of the complex (such as Toronto Eaton Centre). The term 'mall' is less-commonly a part of the name of the complex.
Many malls have declined considerably in North America, particularly in subprime locations, and some have closed and become so-called ""dead malls"". Successful exceptions have added entertainment and experiential features, added big-box stores as anchors, or converted to other specialized shopping center formats such as power centers, lifestyle centers, factory outlet centers, and festival marketplaces. In Canada, shopping centres have frequently been replaced with mixed-use high rise communities."
Cap 3000,"Cap 3000 is a French shopping center located in the suburbs of Nice, in the city of Saint-Laurent-du-Var. Opened in 1969, it is one of the largest shopping centers in the Alpes-Maritimes, the one with the largest number of shops (300 in 2021), and one of the busiest. In February 2021, it is the fifth largest shopping center in France by useful commercial area with 135,000 m2.
Even though this regional mall is located in a mid-high range, it is a great meeting place, from locals to wealthy foreign tourists. The shopping center has large retail and service stores, boutiques, restaurants, medical offices and medical analysis laboratories."
List of largest shopping malls in South Asia,"This is a list of shopping malls in South Asia, sortable by name, location, year opened and Gross Leasable Area."
Mallsoft,Mallsoft (also known as mallwave) is a vaporwave subgenre themed after retro shopping malls.
Show cave,"A show cave—also called tourist cave, public cave, and, in the United States, commercial cave—is a cave which has been made accessible to the public for guided visits."
Amboni Caves,The Amboni Caves are a limestone cave complex in East Africa. They are located 8 km north of Tanga City in Tanzania off the Tanga-Mombasa road. The reported length of the longest cave is 755m. The caves were formed about 150 million years ago during the Jurassic age. It covers an area of 234 km². According to researchers the area was under water some 20 million years ago. There are altogether ten caves but only one is used for guided tours.
"Bat Cave, Nepal","The Bat Cave (Chameri Gufa in Nepali language) is a solutional cave in the Kaski District in Pokhara, Nepal. It is known for a habitat of Horseshoe bats inside the cave, over the walls and ceiling. The cave is formed of limestone. It is a show cave and one of the most popular tourist destinations in Pokhara."
Bear's Cave (Erpfingen),"Bear's Cave (German: Bärenhöhle) is a  tourist cave in Sonnenbühl, Germany.  It is named after the numerous cave bear skeletons found there, that likely inhabited the site 20,000 years ago. With 80,000 visitors annually, it is the most visited show cave in Swabian Jura. Bear's Cave was formed in limestone of the White Jurassic, and provided shelter for various types of prehistoric animals. The caves have also been home to a theme park, Dreamland, since 1974.The cave is made up of two parts, the Karlshöhle, discovered in 1834, and the Bärenhöhle, discovered in 1949. The first part of the cave was initially vandalised and pillaged by visitors upon its discovery, and was only reopened to the public upon the discovery of the second cave."
Chinhoyi Caves,"The Chinhoyi Caves (previously the Sinoia Caves) are a group of limestone and dolomite caves in north central Zimbabwe. Designated a National Park in 1955, and managed by the Zimbabwe Parks & Wildlife Management Authority."
Cuevas de Taulabé,"Taulabé Caves are part of a natural cave system that spreads throughout the municipality of Taulabé, in the Honduran department of Comayagua.
The speleafer (a geologic formation with significant cave development) in Honduras is a limestone vault of Cenomanian age (earliest Late Cretaceous) named the Jaitique Formation (“high-TEE-kay”). It is very similar in outcrop appearance to the Atima limestone (generally consisting of thick-bedded grey micrite), but it does not achieve the thicknesses common to the Atima, probably never exceeding 250 metres (820 ft) thickness, more commonly around 100 meters. The only partially mapped caves extends at least 921 meters."
Grabovača,"Grabovača is a cave park located in Perušić, Croatia.It is the elevation of the mid-Velebit, which is situated between the Lika karst plains and fields in Perusic, 2 km from the center of Perušić. It is located at 770 m above sea level near the karst basin of the river Lika. With it on the west and south shoots wide panorama of the vast karst plateau with Lika River canyon, an artificial lake breads and green wall on the far horizon of Velebit.
On the east side, historical monuments tower from the late 17th-century parish church, from the late 17th the century. On Grabovaca there is many underground karst forms, which make up a quarter of the total number of protected cave facilities in Croatia. The complex variety and abundance of calcite formations valuable speleological phenomena (six cave and a cave) is located at spatially restricted sites of only 1.5 km2 (0.58 sq mi). The park features eight caves and a pit, all which feature calcite formations.The park is protected and managed locally. The caves are available to be seen in all the seasons except winter.The Grabovača cave is planning to connect to the existing lighting electricity as a source of power even in the current year, and the obtaining of financial assets and replace with a new lighting system that would be adapted to environmental standards in a way that the minimum extent color temperature lighting effect the existing microclimate of the cave."
Green Grotto Caves,"The Green Grotto Caves are show caves and a prominent tourist attraction on the north coast of Jamaica. Named for the green algae that cover its walls, the structure of the cave is strikingly different from inland systems; the cave is a Flank Margin Cave (old mixing chambers at the edge of the fresh water lens with the sea water) with two well-defined levels apparently indicating two periods with differing sea-levels. The innermost cavern contains a crystal-clear underground lake.In addition to the publicly accessible sections of the cave there is also a section of ""wild caves"" with relatively undisturbed ecology. Hydrologically, the cave system is connected with the adjacent coastal waters."
Harrison's Cave,"Harrison's Cave is a tourist attraction in the country of Barbados, first mentioned in 1795. Tourists can access the subterranean environment on a tramway."
Jeita Grotto,"The Jeita Grotto (Arabic: مغارة جعيتا) is a system of two separate, but interconnected, karstic limestone caves spanning an overall length of nearly 9 kilometres (5.6 mi). The caves are situated in the Nahr al-Kalb valley within the locality of Jeita, 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of the Lebanese capital Beirut. Though inhabited in prehistoric times, the lower cave was not rediscovered until 1836 by Reverend William Thomson; it can only be visited by boat since it channels an underground river that provides fresh drinking water to more than a million Lebanese.
In 1958, Lebanese speleologists discovered the upper galleries 60 metres (200 ft) above the lower cave which have been accommodated with an access tunnel and a series of walkways to enable tourists safe access without disturbing the natural landscape. The upper galleries house the world's largest known stalactite.  The galleries are composed of a series of chambers the largest of which peaks at a height of 12 metres (39 ft).Aside from being a Lebanese national symbol and a top tourist destination, the Jeita grotto plays an important social, economic and cultural role in the country. It was one of top 14 finalists in the New 7 Wonders of Nature competition."
Kungur Ice Cave,"Kungur Ice Cave is a karst cave located in the Urals, near the town Kungur in Perm Krai, Russia, on the right bank of the Sylva River. The cave is noted for its ice formations and is a popular tourist landmark."
Lipa Cave,"Lipa Cave (Serbian: Липска пећина, romanized: Lipska pećina) is a karst cave situated close to Cetinje, Montenegro. It has a system of about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) of passages and halls, which makes it one of the largest caves in Montenegro. It's the first cave in Montenegro which opened for tourists, after the cave's valorisation projected finished thanks to the help of the Municipality of Cetinje and the Lipa Cave company.

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Marble Cave (Crimea),"Marble Caves (Russian: Мра́морная пещера, Ukrainian: Мармурова печера, Crimean Tatar: Mermer qobası, Мермер къобасы) is a cave in Crimea, at the lower plateau of Chatyr-Dag, mountainous massif. It is a popular tourist attraction being one of the most visited caves in Europe.
Due to its uniqueness, the Marble Cave became famous worldwide. Speleologists consider it among the top five most beautiful caves of the planet, and one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine. In 1992, it was included in the International Association of equipped caves."
Mladeč caves,"The Mladečské Caves (Czech: Mladečské jeskyně) are a cave complex in the municipality of Mladeč in the Czech Republic. It is located in the Třesín National Nature Monument within the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area.
The complex labyrinth of fissure corridors and caves can be found inside the calcite hill of Třesín. The underground spaces are  decorated with stalactites, stalagmites and sinters. Its highlights include ""Nature's Temple"" and the ""Virgin Cave""."
New Athos Cave,"The New Athos Cave (Abkhaz: Афон Ҿыцтәи аҳаҧы; Georgian: ახალი ათონის მღვიმე; Russian: Новоафонская Пещера) also Novoafonskaya, Novy Afon Cave, or New Afon Cave is a karst cave in the Iverian Mountain in Abkhazia (Georgia) near the city of New Athos."
Pak Ou Caves,"Near Pak Ou  (mouth of the Ou river) the Tham Ting (lower cave) and the Tham Theung (upper cave) are caves overlooking the Mekong River, 25 km to the north of Luang Prabang, Laos. They are a group of two caves on the west side of the Mekong river, about two hours upstream from the centre of Luang Prabang, and are frequently visited by tourists. 
The caves are noted for their miniature Buddha sculptures. Hundreds of very small and mostly damaged wooden Buddhist figures are laid out over the wall shelves. They take many different positions, including meditation, teaching, walking, naga, peace, rain, and reclining (Nibbana)."
Phnom Sorsia,"Phnom Sorsia is a Buddhist hill complex in Kampot Province, southern Cambodia. It contains Buddhist cultural features approached by a staircase and a complex of karst caves. One cave Rung Damrey Saa (""White Elephant's Cave"") has a stalagmite resembling the head of an elephant; another has a bat colony. The gateway to the caves is marked by a pagoda, approximately 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the main road."
Le Regourdou,"Le Regourdou (or Le Régourdou) is an archaeological site in the Dordogne department, France, on top of a hill just 800 m (2,600 ft) from the famous cave complex of Lascaux. At this now collapsed 35 m (115 ft) deep ancient karst cavity remarkably well preserved Neanderthal fossils were recovered, that might be skeletal remains of deliberate burials. According to the current excavation team at the site, the correct name of the location is ""Regourdou"". ""Le Régourdou"" is considered a misnomer and should be avoided."
Saint-Leonard Cavern,"The Saint-Léonard Cavern or la caverne de Saint-Léonard is a cave on the island of Montreal, in Quebec, Canada. It is located underneath Pie-XII Park (Pius XII Park) in the borough of Saint-Léonard in Montreal. It is a registered historic site. The cavern has restricted access but guided tours are available."
Scărișoara Cave,"Scărișoara Cave (Romanian: Peștera Scărișoara, Hungarian: Aranyosfői-jégbarlang), is one of the biggest ice caves in the Apuseni Mountains of Romania, in a part of Carpathian chain. It is considered a show cave and one of the natural wonders of Romania. It has also been described as a glacier cave."
Sof Omar Caves,"Sof Omar Caves is the longest cave in Ethiopia at 15.1 kilometres (9.4 mi) long. When surveyed in 1972, it was the longest cave in Africa.  Since then explorations  in Madagascar (Marosakabe - 113km) and Algeria (Rhar Bou Ma’za - the Tafna River Cave 18.4 km) have overtaken it.  It is situated to the east of Ginnir, in the East Bale Zone of the Oromia Region in southeastern Ethiopia, through which the Weyib River (Gestro River) flows. It sinks at the Ayiew Maco entrance and reappears at the Holuca resurgence 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) away.  According to tradition Sof Omar was the name of a Muslim holy man who lived in the area and Ayiew the name of his daughter. Maco and Holuca are local names for 'name' and ""cave"", respectively. Long a religious centre, it is sacred both to Islam and the local Oromo traditional religion. The caves are known for their many pillars, particularly in the ""Chamber of Columns""."
St. Michael's Cave,"St. Michael's Cave or Old St. Michael's Cave is the name given to a network of limestone caves located within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, at a height of over 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level. According to Alonso Hernández del Portillo, the first historian of Gibraltar, its name is derived from a similar grotto in Monte Gargano near the Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo in Apulia, Italy, where the archangel Michael is said to have appeared.It is the most visited of the more than 150 caves found inside the Rock of Gibraltar, receiving almost 1,000,000 visitors a year."
Tempurung Cave,"Tempurung Cave (Malay: Gua Tempurung) is a cave in Gopeng, Kampar District, Perak, Malaysia, located within the Kinta Valley Geopark. It is popular among spelunkers, or caving enthusiasts. More than 3 km long, it is one of the longest caves in Peninsular Malaysia. Part of it has been developed as a show cave with electric lighting and walkways and there are a range of tours of different lengths and difficulty. A fine river cave, the river passage runs about 1.6 km through the hill. There are three very large chambers and some spectacular stalactites and stalagmites.
There are plans to develop the surrounding area. By the end of 2006 a go kart centre and a horse riding area had opened."
Víðgelmir,"Víðgelmir (Icelandic pronunciation: ​[ˈviðˌcɛlmɪr̥]) is a lava tube situated in the Hallmundarhraun lava field (formed around 900 AD) in west Iceland, around 2 km southeast of Fljótstunga farm in Hvítársíða, Borgarfjörður. The roof of the lava tube has collapsed, creating two large openings near its north end which are the only known entrances. Víðgelmir is 1585 m long and the largest part of the cave passage is 15.8 m high and 16.5 m wide, making it by far the largest of its kind in Iceland. The cave has a wide entrance but narrows down in some places. An iron gate was installed at the first constriction in 1991 to preserve those of the delicate lava formations or speleothems which hadn't already been destroyed. Evidence of human habitation, probably dating to the Viking Age, has been discovered in the cave and is preserved in the National Museum of Iceland. Long stretches of the cave floor are very rough and shouldn't be navigated without a guide. Access and guided tours are provided at nearby Fljótstunga.
Lava tubes are formed when a low-viscosity lava flow develops a continuous and hard crust which then thickens and forms a roof above the molten lava stream. When the eruption subsides, the still-molten lava moving beneath the crust will continue to drain downhill, leaving an open lava tube. Many other lava tubes have been discovered in Hallmundarhraun, most notably Surtshellir and Stefánshellir."
Viengxay caves,"The Viengxay caves in Houaphanh Province of north-eastern Laos are an extensive network of caves in limestone mountains. Four-hundred eighty of these caves were used by the Pathet Lao during the Second Indochina War to shelter from American bombardment.Up to 23,000 people lived in the caves, which contained a hospital, a school, Pathet Lao offices, bakeries, shops, and even a theatre. The area was home to the communist forces, who were fighting the royalist forces, based in Vientiane. The caves were used for living and working in because the U. S. Air Force was bombing the area so heavily. Locals say that farmers had to farm at night to avoid bombing raids. Viengxay served as a base for the communist forces (and holding facility for captured US servicemen) because it was close to the Vietnamese border for logistical and political support. 
The Lao government intends to promote the caves as a tourism destination, similar to the Củ Chi tunnels near Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam and the Killing Fields Memorial near Phnom Penh in Cambodia.  It is an unusual site in that it offers the opportunity to explore a largely intact revolutionary base.The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Netherlands Development Agency and Asian Development Bank have been asked to help develop the site for international visitors.  A project plan has been drawn up in conjunction with the Caves Office and implementation has begun, with improved signage and interpretation at sites.

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Vjetrenica Cave,"Vjetrenica  (Serbian Cyrillic: Вјетреница, pronounced [ʋjɛtrɛ̌nitsa]; lit. 'wind cave'  or 'blowhole') is the largest cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most biodiverse cave in the world. It is part of the Dinaric Alps mountain range, which is known for its karstic and speleological features. The cave is located in the Popovo field in Ravno, East Herzegovina in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina."
Výpustek Cave,"Výpustek Cave is show cave in the central part of the Moravian Karst Protected Landscape Area in Czech Republic. It is located in the upper section of the Křtiny Valley, in the municipality of Křtiny.
It forms two subterranean levels of the ancient ponor system of the Křtinský Brook. It is a significant paleontological locality, one of the few European sites where complete skeletons of early Quaternary (Pleistocene) fauna can be found.The total length of all the spaces known today is ca. 1,300 m with denivelation of 55 m. In the period of speleological explorations in the 18th century it was considered the largest cave in Moravia.
During the 20th century it was intensively used for exploitation of phosphate clay, as an army depot, German army factory – airplane motors manufacturing, and secret command post of the Czechoslovak People's Army; in spite of that some parts were preserved in the natural state. The cave has been open for tourist visits since 2008.Public tours are 600 m long and take 75 minutes. Air temperature 7–8 °C (46 °F), relative humidity cca 95%."
"Wonder Cave (Kromdraai, Gauteng)","The Bothongo WonderCave in Kromdraai, Gauteng, South Africa is situated within the Bothongo Rhino & Lion Nature Reserve in the Cradle of Humankind, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The cave is the third-largest cave chamber in the country (behind the second largest, Sudwala Caves, and the largest, Cango Caves). It is 5-10 million years old. The single chamber has an area of 46,000 square metres (500,000 sq ft), and is 125 by 154 metres (410 by 505 ft).
It was discovered in the late nineteenth century by miners who dynamited and excavated limestone for the making of cement. Mining stopped during the Second Boer War and never resumed.
The cave has about 14 stalactite and stalagmite formations up to 15 metres high, 85% of which are still growing. The 60-metre-deep cave is accessible to visitors by elevator. The cave can be visited as an attraction on its own."
Zbrašov Aragonite Caves,"The Zbrašov Aragonite Caves are a national nature monument in Teplice nad Bečvou in the Olomouc Region, Czech Republic. The main subject of protection are important hydrothermal karst areas of Europe. They include the aragonite caves as well as the surrounding forests. Discovered in 1912 and opened for the public in 1926, the caves were created by both surface water and underground mineral water springs rich in carbon dioxide that are used in spas in the nearby village and spa resort of Teplice nad Bečvou.
The caves are filled with formations of stalagmite and aragonite that resemble geysers and doughnuts, and the bottom levels of the cave are filled with carbon dioxide. The temperature stays around 14 °C (57 °F) throughout the year, and the caves are the warmest underground places in the Czech Republic."
Cape Canaveral Space Force Museum,"The Cape Canaveral Space Force Museum (formerly the Air Force Space and Missile Museum) is located at Launch Complex 26 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida. It includes artifacts from the early American space program and includes an outdoor area displaying rockets, missiles, and space-related equipment chronicling the space and missile history of the US Air Force, the US Space Force and other military branches.The museum is accessible to the public as a part of the ""Cape Canaveral Early Space Tour"" offered by the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex four days per week.  Free tours were also offered by the former Air Force 45th Space Wing Community Relations office until June 2013. The 45th Space Wing became Space Launch Delta 45 in May 2021 following establishment of the Space Force.
The Sands Space History Center, a companion to the museum, is open to the general public six days a week. The History Center is located just outside the south gate of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station."
Euro Space Center,"Euro Space Center is a science museum and educational tourist attraction located in Wallonia in the village of Transinne, munipality of Libin, Belgium. It is devoted to space science and astronautics. 
The centre includes simulators of space flight and micro-gravity. It is the home of the only full-scale mock-up of a U.S. Space Shuttle existing in Europe, named Amicitia."
Meteor Crater,"Meteor Crater or Barringer Crater is a meteorite impact crater about 37 mi (60 km)  east of Flagstaff and 18 mi (29 km) west of Winslow in the desert of northern Arizona,  United States. The site had several earlier names, and fragments of the meteorite are officially called the Canyon Diablo Meteorite, after the adjacent Cañon Diablo.Meteor Crater lies at an elevation of 5,640 ft (1,719 m) above sea level. It is about 3,900 ft (1,200 m) in diameter, some 560 ft (170 m) deep, and is surrounded by a rim that rises 148 ft (45 m) above the surrounding plains. The center of the crater is filled with 690–790 ft (210–240 m) of rubble lying above crater bedrock. One of the features of the crater is its squared-off outline, believed to be caused by existing regional jointing (cracks) in the strata at the impact site.Despite historic attempts to make the crater a public landmark, the crater remains privately owned by the Barringer family to the present day through their Barringer Crater Company, which proclaims it to be the ""best-preserved meteorite crater on Earth"".  Since the crater is privately owned, it is not protected as a national monument, a status that would require federal ownership. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in November 1967.

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National Space Centre,"The National Space Centre is a museum and educational resource covering the fields of space science and astronomy, along with a space research programme in partnership with the University of Leicester. It is located on the north side of the city in Belgrave, Leicester, England, next to the River Soar. Many of the exhibits, including upright rockets, are housed in a tower with minimal steel supports and a semi-transparent cladding of ETFE 'pillows' which has become one of Leicester's most recognisable landmarks. The National Space Centre is a registered charity with a board of trustees."
Rocket garden,"A rocket garden is a display of missiles, sounding rockets, or space launch vehicles, usually in an outdoor setting. The proper form of the term usually refers to the Rocket Garden at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.All rockets that have flown so far are at least partially expendable (in some rockets, certain stages or boosters get reused), so rockets in displays have not been flown. As in the case of the Saturn V, later planned missions were cancelled, leaving unneeded rockets for the museums. For displays of early American space hardware, such as Project Mercury and Project Gemini, surplus missiles have been painted to look like crewed space launch vehicles. Engineering test articles (such as the Space Shuttle Pathfinder stack in Huntsville) or purpose-built full-scale replicas are also displayed in rocket gardens."
Telus World of Science Edmonton,"Telus World of Science Edmonton (TWOSE) is a broad-based science centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, operated by the (non-profit) Edmonton Space & Science Foundation. The centre is located on the southwest corner of Coronation Park in the neighborhood of Woodcroft. The science centre houses 144,430 sq. ft. of public space and is the largest science centre in Western Canada (by largest total public space). It is currently a member of both the Association of Science-Technology Centers (ASTC) and the Canadian Association of Science Centres (CASC)."
Theater (structure),"A theater, theatre or playhouse, is a structure where theatrical works, performing arts and musical concerts are presented. The theater building serves to define the performance and audience spaces. The facility usually is organized to provide support areas for performers, the technical crew and the audience members, as well as the stage where the performance takes place. 
There are as many types of theaters as there are types of performance. Theaters may be built specifically for certain types of productions, they may serve for more general performance needs or they may be adapted or converted for use as a theater. They may range from open-air amphitheaters to ornate, cathedral-like structures to simple, undecorated rooms or black box theaters.  A theatre used for opera performances is called an opera house. A theater is not required for performance (as in environmental theater or street theater), this article is about structures used specifically for performance. Some theaters may have a fixed acting area (in most theaters this is known as the stage), while some theaters, such as black box theaters have movable seating allowing the production to create a performance area suitable for the production."
Ball Theatre,"The Ball Theatre, also known as the Millstone Theatre, is a historic movie theater located in Millsboro, Delaware. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018."
Hope Mill Theatre,"The Hope Mill Theatre is an independent theatre that performs original and revival plays, musicals and other events. The theater is located at 113 Pollard St in Manchester, UK in the Hope Mill building, a Grade II listed converted textile mill building. It won Fringe Venue of The Year at The Stage awards in 2018. Hope Mill Theatre is the main work of the registered charity A Factory of Creativity."
IMAX,"IMAX is a proprietary system of high-resolution cameras, film formats, film projectors, and theaters known for having very large screens with a tall aspect ratio (approximately either 1.43:1 or 1.90:1) and steep stadium seating.
Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, Robert Kerr, and William C. Shaw were the co-founders of what would be named the IMAX Corporation (founded in September 1967 as Multiscreen Corporation, Limited), and they developed the first IMAX cinema projection standards in the late 1960s and early 1970s in Canada.IMAX GT is the large format as originally conceived. It uses very large screens of 18 by 24 metres (59 by 79 feet) and, unlike most conventional film projectors, the film runs horizontally so that the image width can be greater than the width of the film stock. It is called the 15/70 format. It is used exclusively in purpose-built theaters and dome theaters, and many installations limit themselves to a projection of high quality, short documentaries.
The high costs involved in the construction and maintenance of the dedicated buildings and projectors suggested the introduction of several compromises in the following years.
To reduce costs, the IMAX SR and MPX systems were introduced in 1998 and 2004, respectively, to make IMAX available to multiplex and existing theaters. The SR system featured slightly smaller screens than GT theatres, though still in purpose-built auditoriums with a 1.43:1 aspect ratio. The MPX projectors were solely used to retrofit existing multiplex auditoriums, losing much of the quality of the GT experience.Later came the introduction of the IMAX Digital 2K and IMAX with Laser 4K in 2008 and 2014 respectively, still limited in respect to the 70 megapixels of equivalent resolution of the original 15/70 film. Both technologies are purely digital and suitable to retrofit existing theaters. Since 2018, the Laser system has been employed to retrofit full dome installations, with limited results due to the large area of a dome screen."
Mini theater,"A mini theater (Japanese: ミニシアター, Hepburn: mini shiatā) or mini cineplex (Bengali: মিনি সিনেপ্লেক্স) is a type of independent movie theater in Japan and Bangladesh that is not under the direct influence of any major film companies. Mini theaters are characterized by their relatively smaller size and seating capacity compared to larger, non-independent movie theaters found in Japan, as well as their programming, which includes independent or arthouse films."
Movie theater,"A movie theater (American English), cinema (British English), or cinema hall (Indian English), also known as a movie house, picture house, the movies, the pictures, picture theater, the silver screen, the big screen, or simply theater is a business that contains auditoria for viewing films (also called movies) for public entertainment. Most, but not all, movie theaters are commercial operations catering to the general public, who attend by purchasing tickets.
The film is projected with a movie projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium while the dialogue, sounds, and music are played through a number of wall-mounted speakers. Since the 1970s, subwoofers have been used for low-pitched sounds. Since the 2010s, the majority of movie theaters have been equipped for digital cinema projection, removing the need to create and transport a physical film print on a heavy reel.
A great variety of films are shown at cinemas, ranging from animated films to blockbusters to documentaries. The smallest movie theaters have a single viewing room with a single screen. In the 2010s, most movie theaters had multiple screens. The largest theater complexes, which are called multiplexes—a concept developed in Canada in the 1950s—have up to thirty screens. The audience members often sit on padded seats, which in most theaters are set on a sloped floor, with the highest part at the rear of the theater. Movie theaters often sell soft drinks, popcorn, and candy, and some theaters sell hot fast food. In some jurisdictions, movie theaters can be licensed to sell alcoholic drinks.

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Municipal theatre,"A municipal theatre is a theatre that is publicly owned. By contrast with a state theatre, such as the Landesbühnen of Germany and Austria, a municipal theatre is not financed by the state, but by the town or city in which it is situated. In Europe the municipal theatres emerged from the court theatres of the later 18th or 19th century and, in some cases, also from private theatres jointly financed by the wealthy citizens of a town or city."
Music venue,"A music venue is any location used for a concert or musical performance. Music venues range in size and location, from a small coffeehouse for folk music shows, an outdoor bandshell or bandstand or a concert hall to an indoor sports stadium. Typically, different types of venues host different genres of music. Opera houses, bandshells, and concert halls host classical music performances, whereas public houses (""pubs""), nightclubs, and discothèques offer music in contemporary genres, such as rock, dance, country, and pop.

Music venues may be either privately or publicly funded, and may charge for admission. An example of a publicly funded music venue is a bandstand in a municipal park; such outdoor venues typically do not charge for admission. A nightclub is a privately funded venue operated as a profit-making business; venues like these typically charge an entry fee to generate a profit. Music venues do not necessarily host live acts; disc jockeys at a discothèque or nightclub play recorded music through a PA system.
Depending on the type of venue, the opening hours, location and length of performance may differ, as well as the technology used to deliver the music in the venue. Other attractions, such as performance art, standup comedy, or social activities, may also be available, either while music is playing or at other times. For example, at a bar or pub, the house band may be playing live songs while drinks are being served, and between songs, recorded music may be played. Some classes of venues may play live music in the background, such as a performance on a grand piano in a restaurant."
Opera house,"An opera house is a theatre building used for performances of opera. It usually includes a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, and backstage facilities for costumes and building sets.
While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed, the term opera house is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing-arts center."
Planet Hollywood,"Planet Hollywood International Inc.  (stylized as planet Hollywood, planet Hollywood observatory and ph) is a themed restaurant chain inspired by the popular portrayal of Hollywood. The company is owned by Earl Enterprises corporation. Earl Enterprises was founded by Robert Earl.It was launched in New York City on October 22, 1991, with the backing of Hollywood stars Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Bruce Willis. The actors recruited were paid for their appearances and endorsements through an employee stock ownership plan. Further celebrity endorsement included actors Demi Moore, Whoopi Goldberg, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Don Johnson, Cindy Crawford, Melanie Griffith, Tom Arnold, Wesley Snipes, and Danny Glover; director John Hughes; and comedian Roseanne Barr; and singer-songwriter Ringo Starr."
Planetarium,"A planetarium (PL: planetariums or planetaria) is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation.A dominant feature of most planetariums is the large dome-shaped projection screen onto which scenes of stars, planets, and other celestial objects can be made to appear and move realistically to simulate their motion. The projection can be created in various ways, such as a star ball, slide projector, video, fulldome projector systems, and lasers. Typical systems can be set to simulate the sky at any point in time, past or present, and often to depict the night sky as it would appear from any point of latitude on Earth.
Planetaria range in size from the 37 meter dome in St. Petersburg, Russia (called “Planetarium No 1”) to three-meter inflatable portable domes where attendees sit on the floor. The largest planetarium in the Western Hemisphere is the Jennifer Chalsty Planetarium at Liberty Science Center in New Jersey, its dome measuring 27 meters in diameter. The Birla Planetarium in Kolkata, India is the largest by seating capacity, having 630 seats. In North America, the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City has the greatest number of seats, at 423.
The term planetarium is sometimes used generically to describe other devices which illustrate the Solar System, such as a computer simulation or an orrery. Planetarium software refers to a software application that renders a three-dimensional image of the sky onto a two-dimensional computer screen, or in a virtual reality headset for a 3D representation. The term planetarian is used to describe a member of the professional staff of a planetarium."
Soulton Hall,"Soulton Hall is a Tudor country house in Wem, England. It was an architectural project of 16th century statesman, philanthropist and first Protestant Lord Mayor of London, Sir Rowland Hill, undertaken during the tumult of the Reformation. It is associated with the statecraft of the subsequent English Renaissance.The building is understood to be constructed in an elaborate set of humanist codes drawing together concepts from classical antiquity, geometry, philosophy and scripture.  It is further understood that the building influenced the architecture of many later buildings of similar style.
With a hidden chapel in its basement, a priesthole, and bookcases hidden within its thick walls to hide heretical documents, Soulton Hall is likely to have served as a base for the conspiracy which led to the publication of the Geneva Bible, which bears the name of Rowland Hill on its frontispiece as publisher.The grounds of the hall contain archaeology of a lost theatre, Emerging scholarship is linking the manor to Shakespeare, and in particular the play As You Like It which concerns the estate of a character called Old Sir Rowland.Mentioned in the Norman Domesday Book, Soulton has housed a manor since late Anglo Saxon times, and a ""lost castle"" rediscovered in 2021 undergoing a multi-season archaeological investigation by DigVentures. 
The modern manor incorporates a working farm pioneering various sustainable agriculture approaches, and also houses a series of contemporary monuments including standing stones and long barrow burial site."
Teatro Emperador,"The Teatro Emperador (English: Emperador Theatre), designed in 1949 by the Madrid architect Manuel de Cárdenas Pastor in collaboration with Gonzalo de Cárdenas Pastor and Francisco J. Sanz and inaugurated in 1951, is an important and emblematic Spanish theater of the capital of León, located in the expansion of the city and protected by the municipal regulations of 1980. The building was used as a cinema and performance hall from its inauguration until 2006, when it was closed to the public. Three years later, in 2009, the theater was acquired by the General State Administration, with the intention of locating in it the National Center for Performing Arts and Historical Music. The project, however, was unsuccessful and the theater remained closed."
Théâtre de la Reine,"The Théâtre de la Reine (Queen's Theater) ou Théâtre du Trianon (Trianon Theater) is a theater built for Queen Marie-Antoinette by the architect Richard Mique from June 1778 to July 1779. It is located in the grounds of the Petit Trianon, in the park of the Palace of Versailles, hidden between the tree tunnel of the French Garden and the tall trees of the Alpine Garden. The exterior of the building, which looks like an outbuilding, contrasts with the sophisticated decoration of its interior, which is adorned with blue silk and velvet and gilded sculptures, yet is all pretense. It was inaugurated in 1780, ten years after the opening of the ""Grand Théâtre"", as the Royal Opera of Versailles was then called.
This small comedy hall was a secret place for the Queen, far from the court of Versailles and its torments. She herself came to play comedy, with a troupe reduced to her intimate entourage, in memory of her taste, since childhood, for theater and declamation. The authors in fashion were performed, some of them, such as Beaumarchais, were even forbidden at court. The stage, twice as large as the hall, as well as the machinery, complex and of the most modern, are the work of the machinist Boullet, of the Paris Opera.
The theater was spared during the French Revolution, as it was considered worthless. Several queens and empresses, Marie-Louise, Marie-Amélie and Eugénie, appropriated the place in the course of the 19th century, which became a sort of women's privilege. It has been assigned to the museum, but is rarely visited and, after several restoration campaigns, has remained intact to this day, including its machinery, an almost unique example of the eighteenth century."
Underground city,"An underground city is a series of linked subterranean spaces that may provide a defensive refuge; a place for living, working or shopping; a transit system; mausolea; wine or storage cellars; cisterns or drainage channels; or several of these. Underground cities may be currently active modern creations or they may be historic including ancient sites, some of which may be all or partially open to the public.
The term may also refer to a network of tunnels that connects buildings beneath street level that may house office blocks, shopping centres, metro stations, theatres, and other attractions. These passages can usually be accessed through the public space of any of the buildings connecting to them, and sometimes have separate entries as well. This latter definition encompasses many modern structures, whereas the former more generally covers tunnel systems from ancient times to the present day.
Underground cities are especially functional in cities with very cold or hot climates, because they permit activities to be comfortably accessible year round without regard to the weather. Underground cities are similar in nature to skyway systems and may include some buildings linked by skyways or above-ground corridors rather than underground.
Some cities also have tunnels that have been abandoned.

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Underground living,"Underground living refers to living below the ground's surface, whether in natural or manmade caves or structures. Underground dwellings are an alternative to above-ground dwellings for some home seekers, including those who are looking to minimize impact on the environment. Factories and office buildings can benefit from underground facilities for many of the same reasons as underground dwellings such as noise abatement, energy use, and security.
Some advantages of underground houses include resistance to severe weather, quiet living space, an unobtrusive presence in the surrounding landscape, and a nearly constant interior temperature due to the natural insulating properties of the surrounding earth. One appeal is the energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of underground dwellings. However, underground living does have certain disadvantages, such as the potential for flooding, which in some cases may require special pumping systems to be installed.
It is the preferred mode of housing to communities in such extreme environments as Italy's Sassi di Matera, Australia's Coober Pedy, Berber caves as those in Matmâta, Tunisia, and even Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station.
Often, underground living structures are not entirely underground; typically, they can be exposed on one side when built into a hill. This exposure can significantly improve interior lighting, although at the expense of greater exposure to the elements."
Underground Atlanta,"Underground Atlanta is a shopping and entertainment district in the Five Points neighborhood of downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States, near the Five Points MARTA station. It is currently undergoing renovations. First opened in 1969, it takes advantage of the viaducts built over the city's many railroad tracks to accommodate later automobile traffic. 

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Avinguda de la Llum,"Avinguda de la Llum (Catalan for Avenue of Light; Spanish: Avenida de la Luz) is a now-closed underground mall in Barcelona, the first one of its kind to open in Europe, open between 1940 and 1990, on a 2000 square-metre site built in 1929 and boasting 68 commercial establishments, including a movie theater. It was underneath Carrer de Pelai, between Plaça de Catalunya, Carrer de Balmes, Carrer de Bergara and Plaça de la Universitat, upstairs of the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC) station Catalunya, between its vaults and the street.Despite initially being part of an ambitious plan to build an underground city from Plaça Urquinaona to Plaça de la Universitat, the urban decay prevalent in the area from the 1960s onwards prompted its progressive abandonment. The Avinguda de la Llum was in a state of decay and had a large homeless population by the time of its closure on May 21, 1990. On the ground upstairs stood an empty triangular area between buildings which came to be called Triangle de la vergonya (""Triangle of shame""), which contributed to the adoption of measures to renovate the area in time for the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Nowadays its main corridor is part of the underground stage of a Sephora store in the El Triangle shopping centre (its successor), while some parts of it are still abandoned and remain closed to the public."
Cappadocia,"Cappadocia (; Turkish: Kapadokya) is a historical region in Central Anatolia, Turkey. It is largely in the provinces of Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, Kırşehir, Sivas and Niğde.
According to Herodotus, in the time of the Ionian Revolt (499 BC), the Cappadocians were reported as occupying a region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine (Black Sea). Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the south by the chain of the Taurus Mountains that separate it from Cilicia, to the east by the upper Euphrates, to the north by Pontus, and to the west by Lycaonia and eastern Galatia.The name, traditionally used in Christian sources throughout history, continues in use as an international tourism concept to define a region of exceptional natural wonders, in particular characterized by fairy chimneys and a unique historical and cultural heritage."
Central Government War Headquarters,"The Central Government War Headquarters (CGWHQ) is a 35-acre (14 ha) complex built 120 feet (37 m) underground as the United Kingdom's emergency government war headquarters – the hub of the country's alternative seat of power outside London during a nuclear war or conflict with the Soviet Union. It is in Corsham, Wiltshire, in a former Bath stone quarry known as Spring Quarry, under the present-day MoD Corsham.In 1940, during the Second World War, the site was acquired by the Minister of Aircraft Production and used as an underground engine factory. The war headquarters was commissioned in 1955, after approval by Prime Minister Anthony Eden. However, it became outdated shortly after it was built, due to intercontinental ballistic missiles being able to target it, and the formulation of other plans (such as PYTHON). Nevertheless, the complex continued to have a role in war plans and remained in operation for 30 years.The complex was known variously as ""Stockwell"", ""Subterfuge"", ""Burlington"", ""Turnstile"", ""Chanticleer"", ""Peripheral"", and ""Site 3"". It was also nicknamed ""Hawthorn"" by journalist Duncan Campbell, who first revealed its existence in his 1982 book War Plan UK. It was also mentioned by Peter Laurie in his 1979 revised edition of Beneath the City Streets."
Chicago Pedway,"The Chicago Pedway is a network of tunnels, ground-level concourses and bridges connecting skyscrapers, retail stores, hotels, and train stations throughout the central business district of Chicago, Illinois.With a length of more than 40 downtown blocks, it contains shops, restaurants, and public art and helps pedestrians in inclement weather. Most connections to the pedway are commercial or government buildings, including hotels. Columbus Plaza, The Heritage at Millennium Park, the Park Millennium, 200 North Dearborn Apartments, and Aqua are the only residential buildings connected to the pedway.

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"Chūō-ku, Fukuoka","Chūō-ku (中央区) is one of the seven wards of Fukuoka city in Japan. The ward is located in the center of the city.
It includes Tenjin and Daimyō which are among the largest downtown areas in Kyūshū, Nagahama, which is known for its fish market, and Ōhori Park."
Coober Pedy,"Coober Pedy () is a town in northern South Australia, 846 km (526 mi) north of Adelaide on the Stuart Highway.  The town is sometimes referred to as the ""opal capital of the world"" because of the quantity of precious opals that are mined there. Coober Pedy is renowned for its below-ground dwellings, called ""dugouts"", which are built in this fashion due to the scorching daytime heat.
The name ""Coober Pedy"" is thought to derive from the Kokatha-Parnkalla term kupa-piti, which means ""whitefellas' hole"", but in 1975 the local Aboriginal people of the town adopted the name Umoona, which means ""long life"" and is also their name for the mulga tree.
In the 2021 Australian census, there were 1,566 people in Coober Pedy."
"Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia","Crystal City is an urban neighborhood in the southeastern corner of Arlington County, Virginia, south of Downtown Washington, D.C. Due to its extensive integration of office buildings and residential high-rise buildings using underground corridors, travel between stores, offices, and residences, it is possible to travel much of the neighborhood without going above ground, making at least part of Crystal City an underground city.
Crystal City includes offices of numerous defense contractors, the United States Department of Labor, the United States Marshals Service, satellite offices for The Pentagon, various NGOs and nonprofits (including IFES), and the headquarters for PBS. It is also the location of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport."
Dallas Pedestrian Network,"The Dallas Pedestrian Network or Dallas Pedway is a system of grade-separated walkways covering thirty-six city blocks of Downtown Dallas, Texas, United States. The system connects buildings, garages and parks through tunnels and above-ground skybridges. The network contains an underground city of shops, restaurants and offices during weekday business hours.
The underground network was the idea of Montreal urban planner Vincent Ponte, who was also responsible for  Montreal's Underground City.

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Downtown Halifax Link,"The Downtown Halifax Link system is a network of climate-controlled pedways (pedestrian tunnels and skywalks) connecting various office buildings, hotels, parkades, and entertainment venues around downtown Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is similar to Toronto's PATH or Montreal's RÉSO system, but on a much smaller scale. These walkways are all open to the public, and are convenient during inclement weather and the winter months."
Eskigümüş Monastery,"The Eskigümüş rock cut monastery, located off the Kayseri-Niğde road near to the city of Niğde in Turkey, is famed for having what is believed to be the only fresco with a smiling Theotokos.
As the monastery was only recently rediscovered by western Europeans, it was able to escape the vandalism common among many of the churches and monasteries in Cappadoccia. 
The monastery is the farthest south of all of the Cappadocian monasteries. It is located close to the route used by invading Arabs in the 7th century, who traversed the Tarsus Mountains from the south to plunder Kayseri. This route follows the Tarsus River through the rugged Gülek Pass which, known in ancient times as the Cilician Gates was used by Alexander the Great during his eastward campaign into  Persia. 
The plain entrance to the Monastery was designed to shield the complex from passing invaders. This camouflage was so successful that the monastery remained unknown until 1963. High walls surround the large inner courtyard walls with monastic rooms and storage areas. The main church is large and is in extremely good condition, with the many well-preserved frescoes considered to be among the greatest examples of Byzantine art in the region."
Faizrakhmanist,"The Faizrakhmanist of Fäyzraxmançılar (Tatar: Фәйзрахманчылар) movement, known in the media as the ""catacomb sect"", is a sect of Islam based in Tatarstan, Russia. Adherents describe themselves only as Muammmin (""believers""). The sect is named after its founder, Faizrakhman Sattarov, a Russian Muslim who calls himself a prophet. The sect is considered illegitimate by mainstream Russian Muslim clergy because orthodox Islam holds that there are no prophets after Muhammad."
Forestiere Underground Gardens,"The Forestiere Underground Gardens in Fresno, California are a series of subterranean structures built by Baldassare Forestiere, an immigrant from Sicily, over a period of 40 years from 1906 to his death in 1946. The gardens are operated by members of the Forestiere family through the Forestiere Historical Center, and can be considered a spectacular and unconventional example of vernacular architecture."
The Gopher Way,"The Gopher Way is a system of discontinuous tunnels and skyways on the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities campus which connects many buildings. The system is open during the normal business hours of the buildings it occupies, while some portions are open 24 hours a day. Access policies are posted at the entrances of connected buildings. It is one of three skyway/tunnel systems in the Twin Cities area. The other two occupy both downtown Minneapolis and downtown St. Paul.
The system is segmented into eight parts: the West Bank; the Knoll and Mall areas; the Health and Gateway areas; and five smaller segments on the St. Paul campus. Parking structures are also connected to the Gopher Way. It is entirely possible for one to park, attend classes, eat lunch, and drive home without setting foot outdoors, but given the discontinuous nature of it, few people actually do."
Houston tunnel system,"The Houston tunnel system is a network of subterranean, climate-controlled, pedestrian walkways that links 95 full city blocks 20 feet (6 m) below Houston's downtown streets. It is approximately six miles (9.7 km) long. There are similar systems in Chicago, Dallas, Oklahoma City, Montreal, and Toronto. Architectural historian Stephen Fox has stated that the idea for the tunnel system came when the Bank of the Southwest Building was ""linked by tunnel to the 1010 Garage and the Mellie Esperson Building"" in 1961."
Kamiyachō Shareo,"Kamiyachō Shareo (紙屋町シャレオ) is an underground city located in central Hiroshima.
It is the key underground network connecting public transport services around the Kamiyachō area.
It contains two stations of the Astram Line and three stations of the Hiroden Main Line and the Ujina Line.
This underground network is the only way to connect to those five stations.
At the center of Kamiyachō Shareo, there is a transportation and tourist information center."
London Under,"London Under is a 2012 book by British biographer, novelist, and critic Peter Ackroyd about the history of underground London."
Menzoberranzan,"Menzoberranzan, the ""City of Spiders"", is a fictional city-state in the world of the Forgotten Realms, a Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting. The city is located in the Upper Northdark, about two miles below the Surbrin Vale, between the Moonwood and the Frost Hills (north of the Evermoors and under the River Surbin). It is famed as the birthplace of Drizzt Do'Urden, the protagonist of several series of best-selling novels by noted fantasy author R. A. Salvatore. Menzoberranzan has been developed into a video game (of the same name) and a tabletop RPG setting. Menzoberranzan has been described as ""a perfect unjust state"" and compared to Glaucon's vision of a state that is held together only by the fear of retribution."
Mole people,"Mole people (also called tunnel people or tunnel dwellers) are homeless people living under large cities in abandoned subway, railroad, flood, sewage tunnels, and heating shafts. The term may also refer to the speculative fiction trope of an entirely subterranean society or a race of humanoid moles."
"Underground City, Montreal","RÉSO, commonly referred to as the Underground City (French: La ville souterraine), is the name applied to a series of interconnected office towers, hotels, shopping centres, residential and commercial complexes, convention halls, universities and performing arts venues that form the heart of Montreal's central business district, colloquially referred to as Downtown Montreal. The name refers to the underground connections between the buildings that compose the network, in addition to the network's complete integration with the city's entirely underground rapid transit system, the Montreal Metro. Moreover, the first iteration of the Underground City was developed out of the open pit at the southern entrance to the Mount Royal Tunnel, where Place Ville Marie and Central Station stand today.

Though most of the connecting tunnels pass underground, many of the key passageways and principal access points are located at ground level, and there is also one skybridge (between Lucien-L'Allier Metro station and Gare Lucien L'Allier). In this regard, the Underground City is more of an indoor city (ville intérieure) than a truly subterranean city, although there are vast commercial sectors located entirely underground.
The network is particularly useful during Montreal's long winters, during which time well over half a million people are estimated to use it every day. The network is largely climate controlled and well-lit, and is arranged in a U-shape with two principal north–south axes connected by an east–west axis. Combined, there are 32 kilometres (20 mi) of tunnels over 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) of the most densely populated part of Montreal. In total, there are more than 120 exterior access points to the network, not including the sixty or so Metro station entrances located outside the official limits of the RÉSO, some of which have their own smaller tunnel networks. Some of the city's larger institutions, namely McGill University, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Université de Montréal and the Université du Québec à Montréal also have campus tunnel networks separate from the underground city.

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Nushabad,"Nushabad (Persian: نوش آباد, also Romanized as Nūshābād; also known as Noshābād) is a city in the Central District of Aran va Bidgol County, Isfahan province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 10,476 in 2,859 households. The following census in 2011 counted 10,904 people in 3,266 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 11,838 people in 3,707 households."
Oklahoma City Underground,"The Oklahoma City Underground is a series of pedestrian tunnels and skyways connecting skyscrapers, hotels and venues in sections of Downtown Oklahoma City's central business district."
Path (Toronto),"Path (stylized as PATH) is a network of underground pedestrian tunnels, elevated walkways, and at-grade walkways connecting the office towers of Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It connects more than 70 buildings via 30 kilometres (19 mi) of tunnels, walkways, and shopping areas. According to Guinness World Records, Path is the largest underground shopping complex in the world, with 371,600 square metres (4,000,000 sq ft) of retail space which includes over 1,200 retail fronts (2016). As of 2016, over 200,000 residents and workers use the Path system daily with the number of private dwellings within walking distance at 30,115.The Path network's northern point is the Atrium on Bay at Dundas Street and Bay Street, including a now-closed tunnel to the former Toronto Coach Terminal, while its southern point is Waterpark Place on Queens Quay. Its main north–south axes of walkways generally parallel Yonge and Bay Streets, while its main east–west axis parallels King Street.
There is continuous expansion of the Path system around Union Station. Two towers being built as part of CIBC Square will be linked to the Path system, extending it to the east to cross over Yonge Street by a pedestrian bridge into the Backstage Condominium building (Esplanade and Yonge corner), giving closed access to Union Station, Scotiabank Arena, and other buildings in Toronto's Financial District."
Seattle Underground,"The Seattle Underground is a network of underground passageways and basements in the Pioneer Square neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. They were located at ground level when the city was built in the mid-19th century but fell into disuse after the streets were elevated. In recent decades, they have become a tourist attraction, with guided tours taking place around the area."
Sentralanlegget,"Sentralanlegget (English translation: The Central Facility) is the war headquarters of the Norwegian government. The facility is located in Hole municipality in Buskerud County, and designed as an underground shelter in the west side of the mountain Kongens utsikt. The purpose of this is to avoid a direct hit from a nuclear missile from the east."
Shanghai tunnels,"The Old Portland Underground, better known locally as the Shanghai tunnels, is a group of passages in Portland, Oregon, United States, mainly underneath the Old Town Chinatown neighborhood and connecting to the main business section. The tunnels connected the basements of many hotels and taverns to the waterfront of the Willamette River. They were built to move goods from the ships docked on the Willamette to the basement storage areas, allowing businesses to avoid streetcar and train traffic on the streets when delivering their goods. 
The newspapers of the 19th century document tunnels and secret passages underground. Organized crime was the center of many of these stories. However, many of the more colorful stories claimed for the underground are controversial. Historians have stated that although the tunnels exist and the practice of shanghaiing was sometimes practiced in Portland, as elsewhere, there is no evidence that the tunnels were used for this.In his book The Oregon Shanghaiers, Portland historian Barney Blalock traces the notion that the tunnels were used to shanghai sailors to a series of apocryphal stories that appeared in the newspaper The Oregonian in 1962, and the subsequent popularity of ""Shanghai tunnel"" tours that began in the 1970s. He says the tours were popular but misled visitors.In 1990, local businessman Bill Naito was quoted in The Oregonian as saying that the tunnels are underneath ""Northwest Couch, Davis and Everett streets"".The ""Shanghai tunnels"" are referenced many times in Grimm.

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Shiodome City Center,"Shiodome City Center (汐留シティセンター, Shiodome Shiti Sentā) is a skyscraper in the Shiodome area of Minato, Tokyo, Japan managed by Mitsui Fudosan and Alderney Investments Pte Ltd., a subsidiary of the Singaporean sovereign wealth fund GIC Private Limited.

Fujitsu's worldwide headquarters are in Shiodome City Center. The airline All Nippon Airways maintains its headquarters and a ticketing office at the building. The subsidiaries Air Nippon, ANA & JP Express, and All Nippon Airways Trading are headquartered in the building. Air Japan, an ANA subsidiary, has some offices in Shiodome City Center. Mitsui Chemicals has its headquarters in Shiodome City Center. Vanilla Air, when it was known as AirAsia Japan, was headquartered here.The building which opened in 2003, has a 1200% floor area ratio."
Skenderija,"Skenderija is a cultural, sports and trade center located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the area of 70,000 square meters there are multipurpose halls for various sports, concert and cultural venues, and trade areas above ground including square. Underground is a modern shopping center ""Privredni grad"" (English: Commercial City) with numerous confectionery shops, restaurants, coffee bars and other spaces. Skenderija consists of several venues which include: Dom Mladih, Ars Aevi and Mirza Delibašić Hall."
Subterranean Toledo,"Subterranean Toledo is an underground city in Toledo, Spain made up of wells, caves, Roman, Arabic, and Jewish baths, as well as cemeteries."
The Village Subway,"The Village Subway, also commonly known as Raleigh Underground, was an underground entertainment district located underneath the Cameron Village shopping center in Raleigh, North Carolina. During the 1970s and 1980s, this underground network contained nightclubs, restaurants, commercial shops, and an arcade. Live music and entertainment consistently made appearances there. The underground music venues included The Frog and Nightgown, The Pier, The Bear's Den, Elliot's Nest and Cafe Deja Vu. The Village Subway, opened in 1972,  was shut down in 1984 due to concerns about the fire code, drug use and customer safety.

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Underground City (Beijing),"The Underground City (Chinese: 地下城; pinyin: Dìxià Chéng) is a Cold War era bomb shelter consisting of a network of tunnels located beneath Beijing, China. It has also been referred to as the Underground Great Wall since it was built for the purpose of military defense. The complex was constructed from 1969 to 1979 in anticipation of a nuclear war with the Soviet Union, as Sino-Soviet relations worsened and was officially reopened in 2000. Visitors were allowed to tour portions of the complex, which has been described as ""dark, damp, and genuinely eerie"". Underground City has been closed for renovation since at least February 2008."
Winnipeg Walkway,"The Winnipeg Walkway System, also known as the Winnipeg Skywalk, is a network of pedestrian skyways and tunnels connecting a significant portion of downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba.
The City of Winnipeg described the Walkway as a system of 14 skyways and 7 tunnels connecting 38 buildings and allowing for a maximum protected walk of 2 km. The system also provides year-round climate-controlled access to over 170,000 m2 (42 acres) of space, including over 200 shops and businesses, 10 office complexes, 60 restaurants and snack bars, 700 apartment units, 2 hotels, 11 financial centres, and the Winnipeg Millennium Library, bringing together 21,000 employees. The walkway system has expanded since its initial construction.The Walkway is subdivided into four interconnected segments: its skyways chiefly cover Portage, Graham, and St. Mary Avenues; and its underground section includes Winnipeg Square and the underground Portage and Main concourse.It is open every day of the week, typically from 06:30 AM to 12:30 AM, though some individual building hours vary."
Winter Street Concourse,"The Winter Street Concourse is a pedestrian tunnel connecting the upper levels of the Downtown Crossing and Park Street subway stations in Boston, Massachusetts. It facilitates movement between the Green and Orange rapid transit lines operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, and consequently alleviates congestion on the Red Line."
Recreational dive sites,"Recreational dive sites are specific places that recreational scuba divers go to enjoy the underwater environment or for training purposes. They include technical diving sites beyond the range generally accepted for recreational diving. In this context all diving done for recreational purposes is included. Professional diving tends to be done where the job is, and with the exception of diver training and leading groups of recreational divers, does not generally occur at specific sites chosen for their easy access, pleasant conditions or interesting features.
Recreational dive sites may be found in a wide range of bodies of water, and may be popular for various reasons, including accessibility, biodiversity, spectacular topography, historical or cultural interest and artifacts (such as shipwrecks), and water clarity. Tropical waters of high biodiversity and colourful sea life are popular recreational diving vacation destinations. South-east Asia, the Caribbean islands, the Red Sea and the Great Barrier Reef of Australia are regions where the clear, warm, waters, reasonably predictable conditions and colourful and diverse sea life have made recreational diving an economically important tourist industry.
Recreational divers may accept a relatively high level of risk to dive at a site perceived to be of special interest. Wreck diving and cave diving have their adherents, and enthusiasts will endure considerable hardship, risk and expense to visit caves and wrecks where few have been before. Some sites are popular almost exclusively for their convenience for training and practice of skills, such as flooded quarries. They are generally found where more interesting and pleasant diving is not locally available, or may only be accessible when weather or water conditions permit.
While divers may choose to get into the water at any arbitrary place that seems like a good idea at the time, a popular recreational dive site will usually be named, and a geographical position identified and recorded, describing the site with enough accuracy to recognise it, and hopefully, find it again."
Outline of recreational dive sites,"Recreational dive sites are specific places that recreational scuba divers go to enjoy the underwater environment or for training purposes. They include technical diving sites beyond the range generally accepted for recreational diving. In this context all diving done for recreational purposes is included. Professional diving tends to be done where the job is, and with the exception of diver training and leading groups of recreational divers, does not generally occur at specific sites chosen for their easy access, pleasant conditions or interesting features.
Recreational dive sites may be found in a wide range of bodies of water, and may be popular for various reasons, including accessibility, biodiversity, spectacular topography, historical or cultural interest and artifacts (such as shipwrecks), and water clarity. Tropical waters of high biodiversity and colourful sea life are popular recreational diving vacation destinations. South-east Asia, the Caribbean islands, the Red Sea and the Great Barrier Reef of Australia are regions where the clear, warm, waters, reasonably predictable conditions and colourful and diverse sea life have made recreational diving an economically important tourist industry.
Recreational divers may accept a relatively high level of risk to dive at a site perceived to be of special interest. Wreck diving and cave diving have their adherents, and enthusiasts will endure considerable hardship, risk and expense to visit caves and wrecks where few have been before. Some sites are popular almost exclusively for their convenience for training and practice of skills, such as flooded quarries. They are generally found where more interesting and pleasant diving is not locally available, or may only be accessible when weather or water conditions permit.
While divers may choose to get into the water at any arbitrary place that seems like a good idea at the time, a popular recreational dive site will usually be named, and a geographical position identified and recorded, describing the site with enough accuracy to recognise it, and hopefully, find it again. (Full article...)"
Blue hole,"A blue hole is a large marine cavern or sinkhole, which is open to the surface and has developed in a bank or island composed of a carbonate bedrock (limestone or coral reef). Their existence was discovered in the late 20th century by fishermen and recreational divers. Blue holes typically contain tidally influenced water of fresh, marine, or mixed chemistry. They extend below sea level for most of their depth and may provide access to submerged cave passages. Well-known examples are the Dragon Hole (in the South China Sea) and, in the Caribbean, the Great Blue Hole and Dean's Blue Hole.
Blue holes are distinguished from cenotes in that the latter are inland voids usually containing fresh groundwater rather than seawater."
Red Sea,"The Red Sea (Arabic: البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, romanized: Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; Hebrew: יַם-סוּף, romanized: yam sūf or Hebrew: הַיָּם הָאָדְוֹם, romanized: hayyām hāʾāḏōm; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ Phiom Enhah or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ Phiom ǹšari; Tigrinya: ቀይሕ ባሕሪ Qeyih Bahri; Somali: Badda Cas 𐒁𐒖𐒆𐒆𐒖 𐒋𐒖𐒈) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Its connection to the ocean is in the south, through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To its north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). It is underlain by the Red Sea Rift, which is part of the Great Rift Valley.
The Red Sea has a surface area of roughly 438,000 km2 (169,000 sq mi), is about 2,250 km (1,400 mi) long, and — at its widest point — 355 km (221 mi) wide. It has an average depth of 490 m (1,610 ft), and in the central Suakin Trough it reaches its maximum depth of 3,040 m (9,970 ft).Approximately 40% of the Red Sea is quite shallow (less than 100 m (330 ft) deep), and about 25% is less than 50 m (164 ft) deep. The extensive shallow shelves are noted for their marine life and corals. More than 1,000 invertebrate species and 200 types of soft and hard coral live in the sea. The Red Sea is the world's northernmost tropical sea, and has been designated a Global 200 ecoregion."
Submarine escape training facility,"A Submarine Escape Training Tower is a facility used for training submariners in methods of emergency escape from a disabled submarine underwater. It is a deep tank filled with water with at least one underwater entrance at depth simulating an airlock in a submarine. Since the 1930s, towers have been built for use by the Royal Navy, US Navy, Royal Australian Navy and in several other countries.

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Lincolnshire Showground,"The Lincolnshire Showground is an agricultural showground and exhibition centre in North Carlton, north of Lincoln in England. It is the chief exhibition centre of the Lincolnshire Agricultural Society, and has been used for large events such as LincsFest, the Lincolnshire Farming Conference, Poacher International Jamboree for scouts and guides, and as a vaccination centre during the COVID-19 crisis in England.The venue incorporates the EPIC exhibition centre and a woodland."
Visitor center,"A visitor center or centre (see American and British English spelling differences), visitor information center, tourist information center, is a physical location that provides tourist information to visitors."
Banff National Park Pavilion,"The Banff National Park Pavilion, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and Francis Conroy Sullivan, one of Wright's only Canadian students. Designed in 1911, in the Prairie School style, construction began in 1913 and was completed the following year. The pavilion was built on the Recreation Grounds near the south end of the Bow River Bridge on the edge of the town of Banff, itself located within Banff National Park in Alberta. The last of only two Wright designs in Canada, the pavilion was demolished in 1938."
Banff Park Museum,"The Banff Park Museum National Historic Site, located in downtown Banff, Alberta, is an exhibition space associated with Banff National Park. The museum was established in 1895 to house an exhibit of taxidermy mounted specimens of animals, plants and minerals associated with the park. The museum building is a pioneering example of the rustic style of architecture that was starting to catch on in North American parks. It was built in 1903 to the design of territory government engineer John Stocks.

In 1896 Norman Bethune Sanson was hired as the museum curator.  Serving until 1932, Sanson was responsible for expanding the collection from eight mammals, 259 birds, a turtle and a variety of mineral and botanical specimens to the present collection of 5000 specimens. The building, described as a ""railway pagoda"", uses exposed log framing and rustic detailing. It is the oldest building maintained by Parks Canada. The museum was declared a National Historic Site of Canada in 1985 and was classified as historic structure the following year.From 1905 to 1937 a small zoo operated on the grounds to the rear of the museum, featuring a small collection of animals, many of which were exotic or non-native. At its peak in 1914 there were 36 birds in an aviary and 50 mammals.  The zoo declined in the 1930s, was closed in 1937, and was demolished in 1939. Forty-six animals were donated to the Calgary Zoo at the Banff Zoo's closing, including wolves, lynx, and black, cinnamon and polar bears.The property was fully restored in 2010, by a local contracting company out of Calgary, AB. The Exterior was restored from heavy oil products  to an eco-friendly clear coating to protect and enhance the wood structure."
Causeway Tower and Garage,"The Causeway Tower and Garage is an historic building in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Originally built in 1930-31 as a service centre for the Imperial Oil Company, it is now a visitors centre, gift shop and a restaurant."
"Chief Post Office, Christchurch","The Chief Post Office or Christchurch Central Post Office, originally known as the Government Building, is located in Cathedral Square, Christchurch, New Zealand. The building was initially a post office with other government services. Until the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, it was a Visitor Information Centre but has since been inaccessible, but is planned to reopen in 2023 as The Grand a mixed use building that will include restaurants, shops, an office & a Visitor Information Centre. It was the site of the first telephone exchange in New Zealand. The structure is registered with Heritage New Zealand as a Category I heritage building."
Dinghuis,"The Dinghuis (Ding House) is a building in downtown Maastricht, Netherlands, constructed at the end of the 15th century. (Ding is the Dutch name for the governing assembly known in most Germanic languages as a thing.)
The building was constructed in the gothic style of architecture. The northern façade, built around 1470, is timber-framed, and the main façade, built of Namur stone, has a pediment containing a grand clock face. At the top of the steeply sloped roof is a tower that was once used as a lookout.
The  Dinghuis served mainly administrative and judicial functions (a ding/thing being a judicial assembly), and its cellars contained gaols for holding prisoners. In 1713, the Dinghuis also served as a theater. Today, it is home to the town's visitor center."
Fortifications Interpretation Centre,"The Fortress Builders – Fortification Interpretation Centre (FIC) is an interpretation centre about the fortifications of Malta. It is housed in a late 16th-century warehouse located near the St. Andrew's Bastion in Valletta, Malta. The centre was opened in 2013, and it aims at communicating Malta's military architecture in an interactive way.
The building was formerly known as the Biagio Steps Examination Centre."
Iperú,"Iperú Tourist Information and Assistance, or simply Iperú (with lower-case p) Spanish pronunciation: [ipeˈɾu]) is the Perú tourism office provided since 1994 by the Peruvian government through the Commission for the Promotion of Exports and Tourism of Perú (Spanish: Comisión de Promoción de las Exportaciones y el Turismo del Perú, Promperú) and the National Institute for Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intellectual, INDECOPI), to provide domestic and foreign travelers with objective and impartial information as well as support services. The organization's logo is the international tourist information symbol, a lower-case white ""i"" inside a blue circle, followed by ""perú"".
The Iperú headquarters are in Lima, and there are multilingual offices throughout the country.
During 2007, Iperú handled 287,492 cases, including requests for information and for assistance or both, all over Peru."
Jasper Park Information Centre,"The Jasper Park Information Centre National Historic Site, located in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, is the primary visitor contact centre for visitors to the park. Sited in the Jasper townsite, it was built as the park administration building in 1913-1914, and became the visitor contact centre in 1972. It is located in Athabasca Park, which is not included in the National Historic Site designation.
The Information Centre was one of the first rustic style buildings to be built in a Canadian national park. Conceived by park superintendent Lt. Colonel Maynard Rogers and designed by Edmonton architect A.M. Calderon, it incorporates local materials and construction techniques. The design is unique. No two windows or doors are the same, and the different peaks of the roof were meant  to remind a visitor of the surrounding mountains.
As built, it was a multi-purpose building. The ground floor was the park superintendent's residence and the park's administrative office. Upstairs, there was a library, a small museum and a drafting room. The basement included a fish hatchery. The building served as a landmark for arriving train passengers on the Canadian National railway line that runs through the park. The administration building was the prototype for future construction in the Jasper townsite, and influenced building designs throughout the Canadian park system.In 1936 a separate residence was built for the superintendent. The fish hatchery moved out in 1941 to a site near the confluence Athabasca and Maligne rivers. The first park information centre was built in 1949 near the Canadian National line in front of the main building. In 1972 the information centre moved into the old headquarters. In 1988, the Jasper Park Information Centre was designated a Classified Federal Heritage Building and in 1992 it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. The upper floor is used as office space."
Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers,"Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers is a heritage-listed former town hall and now visitor information centre and art gallery at Haly Street, Kingaroy, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Gerard William Barlow and built in 1938 by Kell & Rigby. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 2012."
Visitors Center (Latter-day Saint),"A visitors' center is a building often near a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) where missionaries teach visitors about the tenets of their faith and other community events are held. Visitors' centers often include a replica of Bertel Thorvaldsen's Christus statue, exhibits, musical performances, devotionals, and a Family History Center."
Nature center,"A nature center (or nature centre) is an organization with a visitor center or interpretive center designed to educate people about nature and the environment. Usually located within a protected open space, nature centers often have trails through their property.   Some are located within a state or city park, and some have special gardens or an arboretum. Their properties can be characterized as nature preserves and wildlife sanctuaries.  Nature centers generally display small live animals, such as reptiles, rodents, insects, or fish.  There are often museum exhibits and displays about natural history, or preserved mounted animals or nature dioramas.   Nature centers are staffed by paid or volunteer naturalists and most offer educational programs to the general public, as well as summer camp, after-school and school group programs. These educational programs teach people about nature conservation as well as the scientific method, biology, and ecology.Some nature centers allow free admission but collect voluntary donations in order to help offset expenses.  They usually rely on support from dedicated volunteers.
Environmental education centers differ from nature centers in that their museum exhibits and education programs are available mostly by appointment, although casual visitors may be allowed to walk on their grounds.
Some city, state and national parks have facilities similar to nature centers, such as museum exhibits, dioramas and trails, and some offer park nature education programs, usually presented by a park ranger.

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Parlamentarium,"The Parlamentarium is the visitors' centre of the European Parliament and is located in the Parliament's Espace Léopold complex in Brussels, Belgium. The official opening was on 14 October 2011 by Jerzy Buzek, President of the European Parliament. The permanent exhibition contains hundreds of multimedia components, explaining the European Parliament and other European Union institutions. The entrance to the centre is located on the Parliament's esplanade. It is the largest parliamentary visitors' centre in Europe, and the second largest in the world.Each visitor is provided with a personal multimedia guide (PMG) which guides them through the exhibition, location is used to display content relevant to each area. All content in the Parlamentarium is available in the 24 official EU languages. Tours are held for children and for people who are deaf or blind. The PMG is needed to activate each installation and shows in-depth information, plays audio using an in-ear speaker and displays short films in the visitor's selected language."
Pays des Impressionnistes,"The Pays des Impressionnistes is a certification mark created by the Syndicat intercommunal à vocations multiples des Coteaux de Seine in 2001 to promote the cultural heritage of this touristic area. Nine municipalities in the Yvelines department of France bordering the loop of the Seine River, where, during the nineteenth century, impressionist painters exercised their art, are associated with this creation: Bougival, Carrières-sur-Seine, Chatou, Croissy-sur-Seine, Le Pecq, Le Port-Marly, Louveciennes, Marly-le-Roi and Noisy-le-Roi. There is the Path of the Impressionists, four hiking trails dotted with reproductions of paintings, reflecting the still remarkable character of this landscape of Impressionist sites which has been proposed for inclusion in the World Heritage Site since 2009. Rueil-Malmaison, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, joined them in 2010, when eight of these municipalities have entrusted development task of the Pays des Impressionnistes to the visitor center of Marly-le-Roi, which organises Impressionist cruises along the banks of the Seine, as well as visits of ateliers of contemporary painters."
Public viewing area,"A public viewing area is a space set aside for members of the public to safely view sites of interest, such as airports, railroads, construction sites or other facilities.  Sometimes they are known as visitor centers or interpretive sites.
In locations that have inherent dangers and would not normally be accessible to the public, viewing areas provide a way to satiate the public curiosity without exposing inordinate risk.  Many sites contain descriptive signs, viewing pavilions, picnic facilities, toilets, radio receivers and brochures."
Saint Patrick Visitor Centre,"The Saint Patrick Visitor Centre is a modern exhibition complex located in Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a permanent interpretative exhibition centre featuring interactive displays on the life and story of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. It provides the only permanent exhibition centre in the world devoted to Saint Patrick.It is situated in the town centre, below Down Cathedral and the site of Saint Patrick's grave and is open all year round. It was established using Millennium Project funding from the National Lottery, cost £6.3m and opened in 2001. In the exhibition, entitled Ego Patricius, Saint Patrick's own words are used to illuminate the arrival of Christianity in Ireland and its development through his mission. It also reveals the artwork and metalwork which were features of the Early Christian period, as well as the major impact of Irish missionaries in this period in Europe. The exhibition uses a multi-media approach and state-of-the art technology to focus on the historical Saint Patrick and not on the legends, as well as a film shown in the purpose-built cinema. The design involves bold glass walls, life-size figurines, videos and voice recordings.Apart from the permanent exhibition, the Centre also features a tourist information centre, craft shop, cafe and art gallery. The Centre also has an Education Initiative reaching out to local schools.The Centre has a cross community ethos of working in the ‘Spirit of Saint Patrick’ and has worked over the years with the  Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin and the Ulster-Scots Agency to support studies of local traditions. Support for the Centre has been growing from parents, schools, academics, artists, politicians and people in industry and commerce thanks to the people from a variety of academic disciplines who are presently planning its future. A range of scholars and political leaders from Europe and the United States are committed to supporting the continuing work of the Centre.Since 2008 a series of 501c3 charities called the Friends of Saint Patrick Centre has created Chapters to support the work of the Centre in Milwaukee, Minnesota, Arizona, Albany and Toronto.  Since that date they have supported the Centres’ Young Ambassadors' Programme, which hosts up to twelve American and Canadian university students, coming to learn about the people of Northern Ireland and feedback their discoveries to their families and friends and fellow students back at home."
Sunbury visitor information centre,"The Sunbury visitor information centre is located at 43 Macedon St, Sunbury VIC 3429. (in The old Court of Petty Sessions)."
Torre dello Standardo,"The Torre dello Standardo (English: Tower of the Standard, Maltese: It-Torri tal-Istandard) is a tower in Mdina, Malta, forming part of the city's fortifications. It was built by the Order of St. John between 1725 and 1726, on the site of an earlier tower, and its purpose was to communicate signals between Mdina and the rest of Malta. Today, the tower is in good condition, and it serves as a tourist information centre and for occasional cultural events."
Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre,"The Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre is a research and exhibition facility located at km 1423 (Mile 886) on the Alaska Highway in Whitehorse, Yukon, which opened in 1997. The focus of the interpretive centre is the story of Beringia, the 3200 km landmass stretching from the Kolyma River in Siberia to the MacKenzie River in Canada, which remained non-glaciated during the Pleistocene due to light snowfall from an arid climate. Beringia is of special interest to archeologists and paleontologists as it played a crucial role in the migrations of many animals and humans between Asia and the Americas. The term Beringia was first coined by the Swedish botanist Eric Hultén in 1937.
During Beringia's long history some animals migrated Easterly (mastodons, gomphotheres, mammoths, various members of the deer family, bison, sheep and muskoxen) others Westerly (equines, camels), and yet others reveal many episodes of dispersal (such as lemmings and voles)."
Corniche (Abu Dhabi),"The Corniche (or Corniche Road) is located in the city of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates. The Corniche is 8 km long, and includes children's play areas, separate cycle and pedestrian pathways, restaurants, cafés and the Corniche Beach.
It forms a sweeping curve on the western side of the main Abu Dhabi island and is replete with cycle paths, fountains and park areas. Between 2002 and 2004, land was reclaimed from the sea and the Corniche was extended. Some of the earlier landmarks - the volcano fountain and Abu Dhabi clocktower - were demolished in the process. Certain parts of the Corniche have significant deposition of sand, with people using the area as a public beach. Prior to the 1970s, the current area occupied by the Corniche was a beach, where dhows and ships used to anchor and transfer cargo or people; at the time, the Mina Zayed area was not yet constructed.
Marina Mall is located across from the Corniche and can be accessed using a narrow breakwater road. At Marina Mall, the UAE flag is hoisted and holds the record for being one of the tallest flagpoles in the world.
Lulu Island is a tiny reclaimed island located about a kilometer from the corniche. The Emirates Palace Hotel is at the southern end of the corniche. There are a number of skyscrapers along the corniche, with newer taller skyscrapers being built on the southern end.
Abu Dhabi ladies beach was located at one end of the Corniche but it was closed a few years ago, as the government wanted to build a Palace."
Al Seef,"Al Seef (Arabic: السيف, romanized: al sayf) or Al Seef Khor is a 1.8 km waterfront promenade along the bank of Dubai Creek in the Al Fahidi neighborhood of Dubai, United Arab Emirates."
Corniche (Alexandria),"The Corniche (Egyptian Arabic: الكرنيش, El Kornesh) is a waterfront promenade corniche in Alexandria, Egypt, running along the Eastern Harbour. It is one of the major corridors for traffic in Alexandria. The Corniche is formally designated ""26 of July Road"" west of Mansheya and ""El Geish Road"" east of it; however, these names are rarely used.
Italian-Egyptian architect Pietro Avoscani designed it in 1870.The western end starts by the Citadel of Qaitbay (built in place of the Lighthouse of Alexandria). It runs for over ten miles and ends at Montaza."
Arabian Canal,The Arabian Canal is a proposed mega-infrastructure project located in the United Arab Emirates that aims to create a man-made waterway connecting the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea.
Auckland waterfront,"The Auckland waterfront (rarely the Auckland harbourfront) is a city-side stretch of the southern Waitematā Harbour coastline in Auckland, New Zealand. Previously mostly dominated by Ports of Auckland uses, from the 2000s on it is becoming increasingly open to recreational public use, with a number of former wharves being converted to office, entertainment, and later also some residential uses."
Bandstand Promenade,"The Bandstand Promenade, also known as Bandra Bandstand is a 1.2 kilometer long walkway along the sea on the western coast of Mumbai, India in the neighborhood of Bandra. It is simultaneously a popular hangout spot, a jogging track and a park.Towards the Land's End side of the promenade is an amphitheater. It serves as a venue for the Mumbai Festival, Celebrate Bandra and other events including concerts, classical dance and other performances. The 'Artist's Court' is another performance venue built into the promenade that witnesses public Jam sessions on Sundays."
Corniche Beirut,"The Corniche Beirut is a seaside promenade in the Central District of Beirut, Lebanon. Lined with palm trees, the waterfront esplanade has views of the Mediterranean and the summits of Mount Lebanon to the east.  Corniche Beirut has its foundation in the Avenue des Français, which was built during the period of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon along the seafront that extended from the old town."
Bratislava Riverfront,"Bratislava Riverfront (Slovak: Bratislavské nábrežie) is a riverfront on the river Danube located on the Old Town side of Bratislava, Slovakia. It extends from the Karloveská bay near the Lafranconi Bridge to the Port of Bratislava and Harbour Bridge. In the past, the riverfront included the Coronation Hill, where the newly crowned Kings of Hungary would recite an oath and make crosses with their sword in four cardinal directions to show their resolution to defend the country. The hill was demolished in 1870 when the shores of the Danube were strengthened. 
Bratislava Riverfront is a tourist attraction as well as a leisure area for the citizens of Bratislava."
The Bund,"The Bund or Waitan (Chinese: 外滩; pinyin: Wàitān, Shanghainese romanization: Nga3thae1, pronounced [ŋà.tʰɛ́], lit. 'Outer Beach') is a waterfront area and a protected historical district in central Shanghai. The area centers on a section of Zhongshan Road (East Zhongshan Road No.1) within the former Shanghai International Settlement, which runs along the western bank of the Huangpu River in the eastern part of Huangpu District. The area along the river faces the modern skyscrapers of Lujiazui in the Pudong District. The Bund usually refers to the buildings and wharves on this section of the road, as well as some adjacent areas. This region has a significant European influence, with the style of many structures most comparable to that of European cities, particularly Gothic, Baroque, Neoclassical, Romanesque, Art Deco, and Renaissance architecture. Additionally, some of the city's top eateries are located there. From the 1860s to the 1930s, it was the rich and powerful center of the foreign establishment in Shanghai, operating as a legally protected treaty port."
Central Harbourfront,"The Central Harbourfront is a waterfront site in Central, Hong Kong. It is the result of Central and Wan Chai Reclamation, and it sits to the east of ifc skyscraper.

The harbourfront is now the site of the Hong Kong Observation Wheel, AIA Vitality Park, Central Harbourfront Event Space, and Hong Kong ePrix of Formula E. The harbourfront is the best place on Hong Kong island to enjoy the Tsim Sha Tsui and Kowloon view of Victoria Harbour. At 8pm every night, visitors can enjoy the Symphony of Lights show from the Harbourfront.

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Chelsea Embankment,"Chelsea Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment, a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England.
The western end of Chelsea Embankment, including a stretch of Cheyne Walk, is in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea; the eastern end, including Grosvenor Road and Millbank, is in the City of Westminster. Beneath the road lies the main low-level interceptor sewer taking waste water from west London eastwards towards Beckton.
Chelsea Bridge and Albert Bridge are to the south. Royal Hospital Chelsea is to the north. Sloane Square is the closest tube station, located to the north."
Cox's Bazar–Teknaf Marine Drive,"Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf Marine Drive is an 80-kilometre-long road from Cox’s Bazar to Teknaf along the Bay of Bengal and it is the world’s longest marine drive. It was inaugurated on 6 May 2017, by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina."
Danube Promenade,"The Danube Promenade (Hungarian: Dunakorzó) is located on the Pest side of Budapest, Hungary. The promenade itself lies on the left bank of the Danube, extending from the Széchenyi Chain Bridge to the Erzsébet Bridge."
Deira Corniche,"The Deira Corniche (Arabic: كورنيش ديرة) is a waterfront promenade in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.  The promenade, sometimes called the Dubai Corniche lies in northeastern Dubai, in Deira. It is flanked to the north by the Persian Gulf and consists of a broad pedestrian walkway that extends to the Dubai Creek.
A contract for the construction of the road was signed on September 23, 1975, for a price of US$ 25 million by Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the former deputy ruler of Dubai. A variety of traditional and modern retail and hospitality areas exist along the promenade. It borders the localities of Al Dhagaya, Ayil Nasir and Al Hamriya Port, all of which are part of the larger Deira central business district. The old Dubai Fish and Vegetable Market, as well as the Dubai Gold Souk and Dubai Spice Souk, are nearby. The Hyatt Regency Dubai lies on route D 90 (Al Khaleej Road), which runs parallel to the Deira Corniche.
A US$ 1.3 billion project was initiated in 2004 to restructure the area between the westend of the creek in Deira and Al Hamriya Port, which will involve new residential developments, hotels and the development of Palm Deira off the northeastern coast of Dubai.A similar promenade also exists on the Bur Dubai side of the Creek, extending from Al Ghubaiba to Al Seef Marine Station.
The Waterfront Market, selling fish, vegetables, and meat, opened on the Corniche in 2017."
Doha Corniche,"The Doha Corniche (Arabic: كورنيش الدوحة) is a waterfront promenade extending for seven kilometres (4.3 mi) along Doha Bay in Qatar's capital city, Doha. Annual celebrations of national holidays such as Qatar National Day and National Sports Day are centered on the Doha Corniche. It is a popular tourist and leisure attraction within Qatar."
Dubai Islands,"The Dubai Islands, formerly known as the Deira Islands (Arabic: جزر ديرة) are four undeveloped artificial islands off the coast of Deira, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The project was initially called Palm Deira and was planned to be part of the Palm Islands. As of 2021, little development has taken place on the islands due to the financial crisis of 2007–2008."
Dubai Maritime City,"Dubai Maritime City (DMC) is a multipurpose maritime zone. It is a member of the DP World group of companies. Maritime city was expected to be fully operational by 2012, and by January 2021 had completed 80% of the first phase's infrastructure works. In February 2022 it was announced that DP World would  launch a major project to develop DMC's infrastructure at a cost of Dh140 million. The industrial part of Dubai Maritime City is fully operational, with a large number of business partners operating from DMC. The industrial precinct is active and consists of marine services primarily dealing with ship lifts, ship repair plots, warehouses, workshops, as well as supporting retail and showrooms."
Eastbank Esplanade,"The Eastbank Esplanade (officially Vera Katz Eastbank Esplanade) is a pedestrian and bicycle path along the east shore of the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States. Running through the Kerns, Buckman, and Hosford-Abernethy neighborhoods, it was conceived as an urban renewal project to rebuild the Interstate 5 bicycle bypass washed out by the Willamette Valley Flood of 1996.  It was renamed for former Portland mayor Vera Katz in November 2004 and features a statue of her near the Hawthorne Bridge."
Embarcadero (San Francisco),"The Embarcadero (Spanish for ""Embarkment"") is the eastern waterfront of Port of San Francisco and a major roadway in San Francisco, California. It was constructed on reclaimed land along a three mile long engineered seawall, from which piers extend into the bay. It derives its name from the Spanish verb embarcar, meaning ""to embark""; embarcadero itself means ""the place to embark."" The Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 2002.The Embarcadero right-of-way begins at the intersection of Second and King Streets near Oracle Park, and travels north, passing under the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. The Embarcadero continues north past the Ferry Building at Market Street, Pier 39, and Fisherman's Wharf, before ending at Pier 45. A section of The Embarcadero which ran between Folsom Street and Drumm Street was formerly known as East Street.
For three decades, until it was torn down in 1991, the Embarcadero Freeway dominated the area. The subsequent redevelopment and restoration efforts have, according to the National Trust for Historic Preservation, ""contributed to a remarkable urban waterfront renaissance"", with the Embarcadero Historic District serving as a ""major economic engine for the Bay Area""."
Esplanade,"The Chinese name 海濱花園 should not be confused with Riviera Gardens, a private housing estate in Tsuen Wan.An esplanade or promenade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water, where people may walk. The historical definition of esplanade was a large, open, level area outside fortress or city walls to provide clear fields of fire for the fortress's guns. In modern usage, the space allows the area to be paved as a pedestrian walk; esplanades are often on sea fronts and allow walking whatever the state of the tide, without having to walk on the beach."
"Esplanade, Penang","The Esplanade is a waterfront location in the heart of George Town, Penang, Malaysia. It covers the field adjacent to Fort Cornwallis, known locally as the Padang, and the seaside promenade along the edge of the field. The Penang City Hall faces the Padang and the Cenotaph of Penang is also located along the promenade.
The Esplanade was the site of a significant event in Penang's history; it was here where Captain Francis Light, the founder of George Town, first landed on 17 July 1786. Upon claiming possession of Penang Island (then Prince of Wales Island), for the British Empire, the Esplanade became the first area to be cleared by Light, while Fort Cornwallis was constructed immediately east of the clearing.
The cleared field was then used as a military parade ground, prior to its recreational and sports use beginning in the mid-19th century. The planned layout of the Padang is similar to that of the Padang in Singapore and Merdeka Square in Kuala Lumpur. the Esplanade is currently a major venue for celebrations and cultural activities in Penang."
"The Esplanade, Weymouth","The Esplanade is a wide walkway and street on the seafront at Weymouth, Dorset on the south coast of England."
Fujairah Corniche,"The Fujairah Corniche is a seafront corniche located at the east end of Hamad Bin Abdulla Road in Fujairah City, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, providing recreational facilities for residents and visitors. It is on the coast of the Gulf of Oman in the Indian Ocean.

Al Corniche Road runs along the main corniche seafront. Al Faseel Road continues north behind Fujairah Beach. The Fujairah International Marine Club with a marina is located here. To the south there is a bull wrestling site."
"Gurney Drive, George Town","Gurney Drive (Malay: Persiaran Gurney, Chinese: 新关仔角 / 新關仔角; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin kuan-á-kak, Tamil: கர்னி டிரைவ்) is a popular seafront promenade within George Town, Penang, Malaysia. The road is also famous for the street cuisine at the seafront's hawker centre and has been listed as one of the 25 best streets worldwide to visit by the Australian travel magazine, The Traveler. In addition, Gurney Drive has become part of George Town's second Central Business District due to the mushrooming of skyscrapers and shopping malls.Previously known as the New Coast Road, it was completed in 1936 along what was then known as the North Beach and renamed in 1952 after Sir Henry Gurney, British High Commissioner in Malaya (1950–1951), who was assassinated by the guerrillas of the Malayan Communist Party during the Malayan Emergency.Over the years, the beaches along Gurney Drive have largely been lost to coastal erosion. More recently, a land reclamation project at nearby Tanjung Tokong has reversed the erosion, leading to the accretion of silt and mud off Gurney Drive. Mangrove saplings have sprouted in the mud, which is now frequented by egrets and other birds as well as mudskippers.
As of 2016, the shoreline off Gurney Drive is being reclaimed for the purpose of creating a public recreational park named Gurney Wharf."
Gurney Wharf,"Gurney Bay is a planned seafront park, with land for this purpose currently being reclaimed off Gurney Drive in George Town, Penang. Intended as a ""new iconic waterfront destination for Penang"", Phase 1 of Gurney Wharf is scheduled for completion by 2018.Upon the expected completion of Gurney Wharf by August 2021, the 24.28-hectare seafront park will comprise four distinct recreational areas - a beach, a coastal grove, a water garden, and a seaside retail food and beverages (F&B) area."
Jehangir Kothari Parade,"Jehangir Kothari Parade (Urdu: جهانگیر کوٹهاری پریڈ  ) is a promenade built on land  donated by Seth Jehangir Hormusji Kothari to the city of Karachi in 1919.
It is situated on a hilltop  on the Arabian Sea, in the Clifton Beach area of Karachi. Jehangir Kothari  was built in 1919 and opened to Karachi public in 1920. There are two structures in the complex: the Promenade Pavilion and Lady Lloyd Pier (an elevated sandstone public walkway) which is named after Lady Lloyd, wife of then Governor of Bombay Sir George Lloyd. This is evident in the marble plaque embedded in the pier wall that reads, ""Lady Lloyd Pier""."
Jungfernstieg,"The Jungfernstieg (German pronunciation: [ˈjʊŋfɐnʃtiːk]) is an urban promenade in Hamburg, Germany. It is the city's foremost boulevard."
Kadeshwari Devi Temple,"Kadeshwari Devi Temple is a Hindu temple located in Bandra, Mumbai, India. The temple is dedicated to mother goddess Kadeshwari situated on the top of hill behind Bandra Fort in Land's End, Bandstand, Mumbai.The idol of Kadeshwari is in the form of Shakti. It is approximately 2 kilometers from Bandra railway station.
Due to the sea water constantly eroding the foundation of the temple and of the peripheral walls of the Bandra Fort, Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation had plans to construct a bund in 2006."
Kalvebod Brygge,"Kalvebod Brygge (literally ""Kalvebod Quay"") is a waterfront area in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The name also refers to a section of the Ring 2 ring road which follows the waterfront from Langebro in the north to the H. C. Ørsted Power Station in the south. The area is dominated by office buildings, Tivoli Conference Center, several hotels and the shopping centre Fisketorvet.
The southern part of the area, south of Bernstoffsgade, is to the west bounded by an extensive railway terrain, a section of which is now under redevelopment into a linear park with scattered buildings and a super bikeway, which will ultimately provide a greenway between the city centre and the South Harbour.
The northern part of the road, northeast of Bernstoffsgade, belongs to the Indre By district. It is bounded to the north by the small Rysensteen Quarter where the Copenhagen Police Headquarters is located."
Karpal Singh Drive,"Karpal Singh Drive is a seafront promenade within the suburb of Jelutong near George Town in Penang, Malaysia. It is named after Karpal Singh (1940-2014), a prominent opposition politician and lawyer who hailed from George Town.Along Karpal Singh Drive are upscale residential and commercial properties, while the paved promenade itself is decorated with a handful of art sculptures. The promenade faces east, lying along the South Channel of the Penang Strait."
King's Staith,"King's Staith is a street in the city centre of York, in England."
Langelinie,"Langelinie (English: Long Line) is a pier, promenade and park in central Copenhagen, Denmark, and home of The Little Mermaid statue. The area has for centuries been a popular destination for excursions and strolls in Copenhagen. Most cruise ships arriving in Copenhagen also berth at Langelinie Pier."
Larsens Plads,"Larsens Plads (Larsen's Place) is a waterfront in Copenhagen, Denmark, which runs along the Zealand side of the main harbour from the Nyhavn canal in the south to the Nordre Toldbod area just south of Langelinie to the north. The name refers to a shipyard which used to occupy the grounds but is now more associated with emigration to America after it became a major hub for trans-Atlantic traffic later in the century. It is dominated by Amalienborg Palace with the Amalie Garden and a number of late 18th-century warehouses which has been converted to other uses. The buildings facing the waterfront have their address on the parallel street Toldbodgade."
Malecon,"Malecón is a word used in Spanish-speaking countries, and especially in nations of Latin America, for a stone-built embankment or esplanade along a waterfront.
It may refer to

Malecón, Havana, Cuba
Malecon cocktails, named after the Malecón in Havana.
Malecón 2000, Guayaquil, Ecuador
Malecón, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico
The Malecon Center, on the Malecón, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
El Malecón, a football stadium in Torrelavega, SpainThere are also well-known malecóns in Mazatlán, Campeche and Veracruz, Mexico; in Cartagena, Colombia; and many other cities."
"Malecón, Havana","The Malecón (officially Avenida de Maceo) is a broad esplanade, roadway, and seawall that stretches for 8 km (5 miles) along the coast in Havana, Cuba, from the mouth of Havana Harbor in Old Havana, along the north side of the Centro Habana neighborhood and the Vedado neighborhood, ending at the mouth of the Almendares River. New businesses are appearing on the esplanade due to  economic reforms in Cuba that now allow Cubans to own private businesses."
"Malecón, Puerto Vallarta","The Malecón is a 12-block, mile-long esplanade in Puerto Vallarta's Centro and Zona Romántica, in the Mexican state of Jalisco. The waterfront crosses the Cuale River via Puente Río Cuale. Features include Los Arcos, the Malecón Lighthouse, and a collection of sculptures."
Manhattan Waterfront Greenway,"The Manhattan Waterfront Greenway is a waterfront greenway for walking or cycling, 32 miles (51 km) long, around the island of Manhattan, in New York City. The largest portions are operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. It is separated from motor traffic, and many sections also separate pedestrians from cyclists.  There are three principal parts — the East, Harlem and Hudson River Greenways."
"Marine Drive, Kochi","Marine Drive, also known as APJ Abdul Kalam Marg, is a picturesque promenade in Kochi, India. It is built facing the backwaters, and is a popular hangout for the local populace. Despite its name, no vehicles are allowed on the walkway. Marine Drive is also an economically thriving part of the city of Kochi. With several shopping malls it is as an important centre of shopping activity in Kochi. Major fast food joints, including Marrybrown, DiMark, Coffee Bar are present along the walkway. The view of the setting and rising sun over the sea mouth, and the gentle breeze from the Vembanad Lake has made Marine Drive an important tourist destination in Kochi. Hundreds of people (both natives, and tourists) throng the walkway during the evenings. The walkway starts from the High Court Junction and continues until the Rajendra Maidan. There are also several boat jetties along the walkway.The walkway has three bridges: the Rainbow bridge, the Chinese Fishing Net Bridge and the House Boat Bridge."
"Marine Drive, Mumbai","Marine Drive is a 3 kilometre-long  Promenade along the Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Road in Mumbai, India. The road and promenade were constructed by Pallonji Mistry. It is a 'C'-shaped six-lane concrete road along the coast of a natural bay. At the northern end of Marine Drive is Girgaon Chowpatty and the adjacent road along links Nariman Point at southern tip to Babulnath and Malabar Hill at northern tip. Marine Drive is situated on reclaimed land facing west-south-west. Marine Drive is also known as the Queen's Necklace because, when viewed at night from an elevated point anywhere along the drive, the street lights resemble a string of pearls in a necklace.

The official name for this road, though rarely used, is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Road. The promenade is lined with palm trees. At the northern end of Marine Drive is Chowpatty Beach. This is a popular beach famed for its Bhel Puri (local fast food). Many restaurants also line this stretch of the road. Further down this road lies Walkeshwar, a wealthy neighborhood of the city, also home to the Governor of Maharashtra.
Most of the buildings erected by wealthy Parsis were constructed in an art deco style, which was popular in the 1920s and 1930s. Among the earliest art deco buildings on Marine Drive were the Kapur Mahal, Zaver Mahal and Keval Mahal, built between 1937 and 1939 for a total cost of 1 million rupees.Real estate prices along the Esplanade are high. Many hotels dot the drive, most prominent among them being the 5-star Oberoi (formerly the Oberoi Hilton Tower however reverted to the original name as of early 2008), The Intercontinental, Hotel Marine Plaza, Sea Green Hotel and a few other smaller hotels. Marine Drive is the preferred connecting road between the central business district located at Nariman Point and the rest of the city.
Many Sports Clubs, some of cricket stadium and club grounds are situated along the stretch of Marine Drive, including members-only clubs like the Cricket Club of India (CCI), adjoining the Brabourne Stadium, Hindu Gymkhana Ground and Garware Club House, adjacent to the famous Wankhede Stadium, as well as others like the Mumbai Police Gymkhana, Hindu Gymkhana, Parsi Gymkhana and Islam Gymkhana.
A well known singer from the 1950s, Suraiya lived in a building on the stretch known as 'Krishna Mahal' in the ground-floor apartment (as a tenant of Shah family) from 1940s until her death on 31 January 2004. The house was first taken on rent by her mother, Mumtaz Begum. Many other film stars, such as Nargis and Raj Kapoor, lived nearby in the 1940s and 50s.
In 2012, the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai announced that the entire road would be resurfaced, 72 years after it was originally laid. A number of bollards were also installed as there was nothing to prevent accidents or attacks. A few years earlier, the footpaths were renovated."
Mikhailovskaya Embankment,Mikhailovskaya Embankment (Russian: Михайловская набережная) is an embankment in Oktyabrsky District of Novosibirsk located between Bolshevistskaya Street and Ob River.
Obispo Street (Havana),"The Obispo Street (Spanish: Calle Obispo) is one of the most famous and traveled streets of Old Havana. During its history, the street has received several names such as: San Juan, Bishop (Obispo), Weyler, Pi Margall, among others, for a total of 47. It is the longest Street in Old Havana. Street shops have always been abundant alongside O'Reilly Street, which is parallel to it from its inception from Zulueta to Havana Bay."
Old Bund,"The Old Bund (simplified Chinese: 老外滩; traditional Chinese: 老外灘; pinyin: Lǎo Wàitān; Ningboese: lau2 nga3thae1), originally known as the North Riverbank (Chinese: 江北岸; pinyin: Jiāngběi'àn; Ningboese: kaon1poh4nge3), is a waterfront area in Jiangbei District, Ningbo.
The Old Bund is on the north bank of the Yong River. It was the site of the Port of Ningbo since 1840s till late 1990s. The North Riverbank was the result of Treaty of Nanking, and witnessed the initiation and development of Ningbo Commercial Group."
Paseo de La Princesa,"Paseo de La Princesa (Spanish for Promenade of the Princess) is a pedestrian promenade in San Juan, Puerto Rico located in the city's historic district. The promenade is lined with adorned lamp posts and extends for a quarter of a mile along the southern city walls of Old San Juan. It is named after the former La Princesa Prison which is now a historic building that houses the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. The site hosts street vendors, a restaurant and magnificent views of Old San Juan and its bay."
Paseo Marítimo de Pontevedra,"The paseo marítimo of Pontevedra is a pedestrian way along the seafront facing the ria of Pontevedra, in Pontevedra, Spain. This coastal public space is built in the urban and semi-urban area of the city and defines its encounter with the sea and the Lérez river."
Paseo Víctor Rojas,"Paseo Víctor Rojas, also known as El Fuerte or Paseo de Damas (Ladies' Promenade), in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, was built in 1881.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.It is a rectangular promenade that was built over the ruins of San Miguel Fort, in part using stone from the ruins.The original paseo was damaged in the Hurricane of San Ciriaco in 1899.It is unique as a place constructed for the ""Isabellan"", i.e. equivalent to ""Victorian"" pastime of promenading.  It acquired the name ""Victor Rojas"" for the location of a memorial to this person, a fisherman, who undertook rescues starting from near this location, to save persons from boats foundering."
Port Grand,"Port Grand Food and drink and Entertainment Complex is a  recreational area built in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan along the waterfront of the 19th century Native Jetty Bridge that connects the Karachi Port Trust to Keamari. The project was a result of joint efforts made by the Karachi Port Trust and a private company Grand Leisure Corporation.  The complex was opened for public on 28 May 2011, with then Governor of Sindh, Ishratul Ibad inaugurating the complex. The complex is a hub of shopping, dining, cultural and coastal recreational activities in the city.
Port Grand is located on Napier Mole Bridge a site that is very significant to the history of Karachi and has played a crucial role in making it the city it is today. The project stretches along 1,000 ft of Karachi's ancient 19th century Native Jetty Bridge and spreads over an area of 200,000 sq. ft.
The one kilometer bridge has been transformed into an entertainment and food enclave housing numerous eateries totaling 40,000 sq. ft of climate-controlled area and space for kiosks and 11 restaurants of exotic Pakistani and foreign food and a variety of beverages.  To attract more people, the management has also started offering speedboat rides that take passengers along China Creek. The riders can also see the mangroves planted there, but do not actually pass through them. The management also hopes that the speedboat rides will help people understand the need to protect mangroves and reduce marine pollution."
Promenade des Anglais,"The Promenade des Anglais (French pronunciation: ​[pʁɔm.nad de.z‿ɑ̃ɡlɛ]; Niçard: Camin dei Anglés; meaning ""Walkway of the English"") is a promenade along the Mediterranean coast of Nice, France.  It extends from the airport on the west to the Quai des États-Unis (""United States Quay"") on the east, for a distance of approximately 7 km (4.35 miles). Administratively speaking, it forms part of Route nationale 98, which runs between Toulon and Menton."
Rose Bay Sea Wall,"Rose Bay Sea Wall is a heritage-listed former Aboriginal land, farms and road reserve and now sea wall, road reserve and esplanade at New South Head Road, Rose Bay, in the Municipality of Woollahra local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Herbert E. Ross and built from 1924 to 1926 by Woollahra Municipal Council. It is also known as Rose Bay Sea Wall, Promenade and its setting. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 August 2014."
Sabarmati Riverfront,"Sabarmati Riverfront is a waterfront being developed along the banks of Sabarmati river in Ahmedabad, India. Proposed in the 1960s, the construction began in 2005. Since 2012, the waterfront is gradually opened to public as and when facilities are constructed and various facilities are actively under construction. The major objectives of project are environment improvement, social infrastructure and sustainable development."
Sangeet Samrat Naushad Ali Marg,"The Sangeet Samrat Naushad Ali Marg (formerly known as Carter Road Promenade) is a 1.25 kilometres (0.78 mi) long walkway along the Arabian Sea on the western coast of Mumbai, India. This promenade was opened up to the public in January 2002. The promenade has been managed by the Bandra West Residents' Association. The Carter Road Promenade extends up to Khar Danda.
In May 2008, Carter Road was renamed as Sangeet Samrat Naushad Ali Marg, in the memory of Bollywood music director Naushad Ali."
Schlachte (Bremen),"The Schlachte is a promenade along the east bank of the River Weser in the old town of Bremen in the north of Germany. Once one of the city's harbours, it is now popular for its restaurants, beer gardens and river boats."
Tel Aviv Promenade,"Tel Aviv Promenade (Hebrew: טיילת תל אביב-יפו, commonly referred to in Hebrew simply as the Tayelet, הטיילת‎ - ""The Promenade"") runs along the Mediterranean seashore in Tel Aviv, Israel."
Thames Embankment,The Thames Embankment is a work of 19th-century civil engineering that reclaimed marshy land next to the River Thames in central London. It consists of the Victoria Embankment and Chelsea Embankment.
Tom McCall Waterfront Park,"Governor Tom McCall Waterfront Park is a 36.59-acre (148,100 m2) park located in downtown Portland, Oregon, along the Willamette River. After the 1974 removal of Harbor Drive, a major milestone in the freeway removal movement, the park was opened to the public in 1978. The park covers 13 tax lots and is owned by the City of Portland (Portland Parks and Recreation). The park was renamed in 1984 to honor Tom McCall, the Oregon governor who pledged his support for the beautification of the west bank of the Willamette River—harkening back to the City Beautiful plans at the turn of the century which envisioned parks and greenways along the river. The park is bordered by RiverPlace to the south, the Steel Bridge to the north, Naito Parkway to the west, and Willamette River to the east. In October 2012, Waterfront Park was voted one of America's ten greatest public spaces by the American Planning Association.The most common uses for the park are jogging, walking, biking, skateboarding, fountain play, lunching, basketball, fireworks viewing and boat watching. Due to its recreational use, lunch hours (11:00 am to 1:00 pm) are peak-use hours for the waterfront park. In addition to recreational use, the park is also highly used by bike and pedestrian commuters during rush hours (3:00 pm to 5:00 pm) because the park is easily accessible to the downtown Portland workforce and provides a pleasant, off street thoroughfare away from vehicular traffic. It is currently home to the Waterfront Blues Festival, Oregon Brewers Festival, Gay/Lesbian Pride Festival and the Bite of Oregon festival. The park is also the host of many Rose Festival events."
Toronto waterfront,"The Toronto waterfront is the lakeshore of Lake Ontario in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It spans 46 kilometres between the mouth of Etobicoke Creek in the west and the Rouge River in the east."
Victoria Embankment,"Victoria Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment, a road and river-walk along the north bank of the River Thames in London, England. It runs from the Palace of Westminster to Blackfriars Bridge in the City of London, and acts as a major thoroughfare for road traffic between the City of Westminster and the City of London.
It is noted for several memorials, such as the Battle of Britain Monument, permanently berthed retired vessels, such as HMS President, and public gardens, including Victoria Embankment Gardens."
Waterfront (area),"The waterfront area of a city or town is its dockland district, or the area alongside a body of water."
William Webster (builder),William Webster (May 1819 – 1 February 1888) was a British builder who worked with architects and engineers such as Gilbert Scott and Joseph Bazalgette and is especially associated with several embankments of the River Thames.
Yamuna Pushta,"Yamuna Pushta is the Pushta (embankment) on both sides of the Yamuna River in Delhi, starting from the ITO bridge and up to the Salimgarh Fort. It has also been home to riverbed cultivators, and over 100,000 residents a string of slum colonies (shantytown) for some 40 years, mostly on the western banks, like those near the Nigambodh Ghat (cremation ghats) near Old Delhi and a few on the eastern banks like those near Sakarpur village in East Delhi. Many of these slums were being demolished in 2004, after court orders which were part of the beautification drive of the Government ahead of the 2010 Commonwealth Games and for creating a ""green belt""."
Zilverparkkade,"Zilverparkkade is a street in Lelystad, Netherlands, containing a continuous row of wall-to-wall buildings constructed between 2002 and 2007. The name is used to refer to the group of buildings as a whole, as they were constructed together as an architectural project within the framework of renovation of the city center of Lelystad. The word kade means ""quay"" or ""embankment"", as the buildings face an artificial body of water within a small park called Zilverpark.
The Zilverparkkade was conceptualized by Adriaan Geuze of the urban planning and landscaping bureau West 8, who envisaged it as a mixed development of both office and residential use, with 10 narrow plots for separate buildings of differing height. Every building was designed by a different architect, resulting in a striking postmodernist lineup of facades. The concept of a number of different narrow, tall facades mirrors the historic canal house arrangement typical of many Dutch cities. Due to its modern and tall appearance, it is also compared to arrangements such as the Vlissingen seaside boulevard.

The individual buildings are (from left to right):"
Tourism geography,"Tourism geography is the study of travel and tourism, as an industry and as a social and cultural activity. Tourism geography covers a wide range of interests including the environmental impact of tourism, the geographies of tourism and leisure economies, answering tourism industry and management concerns and the sociology of tourism and locations of tourism.
Tourism geography is that branch of human geography that deals with the study of travel and its impact on places.
Geography is fundamental to the study of tourism, because tourism is geographical in nature. Tourism occurs in places, it involves movement and activities between places and it is an activity in which both place characteristics and personal self-identities are formed, through the relationships that are created among places, landscapes and people. Physical geography provides the essential background, against which tourism places are created and environmental impacts and concerns are major issues, that must be considered in managing the development of tourism places.
The approaches to study will differ according to the varying concerns. Much tourism management literature remains quantitative in methodology and considers tourism as consisting of the places of tourist origin (or tourist generating areas), tourist destinations (or places of tourism supply) and the relationship (connections) between origin and destination places, which includes transportation routes, business relationships and traveler motivations. Recent developments in human geography have resulted in approaches such as those from cultural geography, which take more theoretically diverse approaches to tourism, including a sociology of tourism, which extends beyond tourism as an isolated, exceptional activity and considering how travel fits into the everyday lives and how tourism is not only a consumptive of places, but also produces the sense of place at a destination. The Tourist by Dean MacCannell and The Tourist Gaze by John Urry are classics in this field."
Tourist attraction,"A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement."
Honeypot (tourism),"A honeypot site is a location attractive to tourists who, due to their numbers, place pressure on the environment and local people.Honeypots are often used by cities or countries to manage their tourism industry. The use of honeypots can protect fragile land away from major cities while satisfying less discerning tourists. One such example is the construction of local parks to prevent tourists from damaging more valuable ecosystems farther from their main destination. Honeypots have the added benefit of concentrating many income-generating visitors in one place, therefore developing that area, and in turn making the area more appealing to tourists.However, honeypots can suffer from problems of overcrowding, including litter, vandalism, and strain on facilities and transport networks. Honeypots attract tourists because of parking spaces, shopping centres, parks and public toilets. The tourist shops are normally placed all over the shopping centre, which creates pressure on the whole centre to keep the place looking tidy. For example, Stratford-upon-Avon has shops that are aimed mostly at tourists.  On a particular street, there were five shops that were aimed towards the locals and ten shops catering to tourists, reflecting the business opportunity that tourism presents for shopkeepers and other business people in the local economy.

The once sleepy medieval village has attracted an increasing number of visitors over recent years and is a classic example of a tourist 'honeypot' . . . Ste. Enimie is one of these 'designated' places that are designed to attract people to it and therefore reduce the impact on the surrounding area."
Macao Institute for Tourism Studies,"Macao Institute for Tourism Studies (IFTM; Chinese: 澳門旅遊學院; Portuguese: Instituto de Formação Turística) is a public institution of higher education located in Macau, China which is administered by the Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture of the Macao SAR Government. The institution offers degrees in tourism, heritage and hospitalityUnlike most colleges and universities, this institute requires all year one students wear uniform to attend all the classes."
Journal of Travel Research,"The Journal of Travel Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering tourism. The editor-in-chief is Geoffrey I. Crouch (La Trobe University, Australia). It was established in 1968 and is published by SAGE Publications."
List of tourism journals,"This is a list of tourism journals: peer-reviewed academic journals covering the study of all aspects of tourism.

International Journal of Tourism Sciences
Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
Event Management
Journal of Interpretation Research
Journal of Sustainable Tourism
Journal of Travel Research
Journal of Vacation Marketing
Tourism and Hospitality Research
Tourist Studies"
Tourism carrying capacity,"Tourism carrying capacity  (TCC) is an imperfect but useful approach to managing visitors in vulnerable areas.   The TCC concept evolved out of the fields of range, habitat and wildlife management. In these fields, managers attempted to determine the largest population of a particular species that could be supported by a habitat over a long period of time.""Tourism Carrying Capacity"" is defined by the World Tourism Organization as “The maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors' satisfaction”.   Whereas Middleton and Hawkins Chamberlain (1997) define it as “the level of human activity an area can accommodate without the area deteriorating, the resident community being adversely affected or the quality of visitors experience declining” what both these definitions pick up on is that the carrying capacity is the point at which a destination or attraction starts experiencing adverse effects as a result of the number of visitors.
Although it is challenging to pinpoint a specific number of visitors beyond which damage begins, even an imperfect estimate of the TCC can guide policies that cap the number of visitors and reduce the environmental impact of tourism. For example, the government of Peru limits the number of hikers on the Inca Trail to 500 per day, because geologists warned that a larger number could cause serious erosion.At the extreme, in areas where the objective is to maintain pristine conditions, any level of visitor use creates adverse or negative impacts, suggesting that the carrying capacity is zero. The acceptable level of damage is a matter of human judgment. Understanding what is acceptable is the focus of the limits of acceptable change planning process referred to later in this article.
There are numerous forms of carrying capacity relevant to tourism. This article will focus on the four most commonly used."
Velvet season,"Velvet season (Russian: Бархатный сезон Ukrainian: Оксамитовий сезон) is a term for early autumn one of the most comfortable times of the year for people to vacation in the subtropics, particularly in the mediterranean that was known as the ""Russian Riviera"". During the velvet season, the weather is not as hot as in mid-summer months, but is still quite warm, even at night. In North America, an analogy of ""velvet season"" is the Indian summer."
Tourist attraction,"A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement."
Lists of tourist attractions,The following lists of tourist attractions include tourist attractions in various countries.
Beach,"A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, etc., or biological sources, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae. Sediments settle in different densities and structures, depending on the local wave action and weather, creating different textures, colors and gradients or layers of material.
Though some beaches form on inland freshwater locations such as lakes and rivers, most beaches are in coastal areas where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments. Erosion and changing of beach geologies happens through natural processes, like wave action and extreme weather events.  Where wind conditions are correct, beaches can be backed by coastal dunes which offer protection and regeneration for the beach.  However, these natural forces have become more extreme due to climate change, permanently altering beaches at very rapid rates. Some estimates describe as much as 50 percent of the earth's sandy beaches disappearing by 2100 due to climate-change driven sea level rise.Sandy beaches occupy about one third of global coastlines. These beaches are popular for recreation, playing important economic and cultural roles—often driving local tourism industries. To support these uses, some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, showers, shacks and bars. They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby or housing, both for permanent and seasonal residents.
Human forces have significantly changed beaches globally: direct impacts include bad construction practices on dunes and coastlines, while indirect human impacts include water pollution, plastic pollution and coastal erosion from sea level rise and climate change. Some coastal management practices are designed to preserve or restore natural beach processes, while some beaches are actively restored through practices like beach nourishment.

Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed for tourism or recreation. Preserved beaches are important biomes with important roles in aquatic or marine biodiversity, such as for breeding grounds for sea turtles or nesting areas for seabirds or penguins. Preserved beaches and their associated dune are important for protection from extreme weather for inland ecosystems and human infrastructure."
Canopy walkway,"Canopy walkways – also called canopy walks, treetop walks or treetop walkways – provide pedestrian access to a forest canopy. Early walkways consisted of bridges between trees in the canopy of a forest; mostly linked up with platforms inside or around the trees. They were originally intended as access to the upper regions of ancient forests for scientists conducting canopy research. Eventually, because they provided only limited, one-dimensional access to the trees, they were abandoned for canopy cranes. Today they serve as ecotourism attractions in places such as Dhlinza Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Taman Negara National Park, Malaysia, Sedim River, Kulim, Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda and Kakum National Park, Ghana.

"
Doors Open Days,"Doors Open Days (also known as Open House or Open Days in some communities) provide free access to buildings not normally open to the public. The first Doors Open Day took place in France in 1984, and the concept has spread to other places in Europe (see European Heritage Days), North America, Australia and elsewhere.
Doors Open Days promotes architecture and heritage sites to a wider audience within and beyond the country's borders. It is an opportunity to discover hidden architectural gems and to see behind doors that are rarely open to the public for free.
Open Doors Days trace their origin to the 1990 Door Open Day held as part of Glasgow's  year as European City of Culture."
Honeypot (tourism),"A honeypot site is a location attractive to tourists who, due to their numbers, place pressure on the environment and local people.Honeypots are often used by cities or countries to manage their tourism industry. The use of honeypots can protect fragile land away from major cities while satisfying less discerning tourists. One such example is the construction of local parks to prevent tourists from damaging more valuable ecosystems farther from their main destination. Honeypots have the added benefit of concentrating many income-generating visitors in one place, therefore developing that area, and in turn making the area more appealing to tourists.However, honeypots can suffer from problems of overcrowding, including litter, vandalism, and strain on facilities and transport networks. Honeypots attract tourists because of parking spaces, shopping centres, parks and public toilets. The tourist shops are normally placed all over the shopping centre, which creates pressure on the whole centre to keep the place looking tidy. For example, Stratford-upon-Avon has shops that are aimed mostly at tourists.  On a particular street, there were five shops that were aimed towards the locals and ten shops catering to tourists, reflecting the business opportunity that tourism presents for shopkeepers and other business people in the local economy.

The once sleepy medieval village has attracted an increasing number of visitors over recent years and is a classic example of a tourist 'honeypot' . . . Ste. Enimie is one of these 'designated' places that are designed to attract people to it and therefore reduce the impact on the surrounding area."
Imaginarium,"An imaginarium is a place devoted to the imagination. There are various types of imaginaria, centers largely devoted to stimulating and cultivating the imagination, towards scientific, artistic, commercial, recreational, or spiritual ends.

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Kinshasa National Zoological Park,"The Kinshasa National Zoological Park (French: Parc Zoologique National de Kinshasa) or Kinshasa Zoological Garden (French: Jardin Zoologique de Kinshasa), also known as Kinshasa Zoo (French: zoo de Kinshasa), is an animal park located in the Gombe commune, next to the Kinshasa Grand Market (Marché Central) and the Kinshasa General Hospital in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The zoo is home to over 30 species of animals, including mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, and amphibians, totaling more than 129 animals.The zoo attracts approximately 1,000 visitors and serves as an educational hub, providing practical training opportunities for children and students interested in zoological science, with nearly 4,000 students from various schools in the capital taking guided tours from December to July."
Observation deck,"An observation deck, observation platform, or viewing platform is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a skyscraper or observation tower. Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coin-operated telescopes for viewing distant features."
Scenic viewpoint,"A scenic viewpoint – also called an observation point, viewpoint, viewing point, vista point, lookout, scenic overlook, etc. – is an elevated location where people can view scenery (often with binoculars) and photograph it. Scenic viewpoints may be created alongside scenic routes or mountain roads, often as simple turnouts or lay-bys where motorists can pull over onto pavement, gravel, or grass on the right-of-way.
Many viewpoints are larger, having parking areas, while some (typically on larger highways) are off the road completely. Viewing points may also be found on hill or mountain tops or on rocky spurs overlooking a valley and reached via a hiking trail. They may be protected by railings to protect the public or be enhanced by a viewing tower designed to elevate visitors above the surrounding terrain or trees in order to offer panoramic views.
Overlooks are frequently found in national parks, and in the U.S. along national parkways such as the Blue Ridge Parkway, which has numerous individually named overlooks for viewing the Blue Ridge Mountains and its valleys. Other overlooks are next to waterfalls, especially since mountain roads tend to follow streams.
Many overlooks are accessible only by trails and wooden walkways and stairs, especially in ecologically sensitive areas. These overlooks are often wooden decks, which minimize the impact on the land by reducing the need to disturb it for construction."
Tourist gateway,"A tourist gateway (sometimes called a ""Tourism Gateway"" or ""Gateway City"") is a place or settlement through which tourists typically first visit on their way to a tourist attraction or tourism region.
Tourist gateways may not offer significant attractions themselves.  Although the term suggests that they must be passed through en route, a gateway may not be the only way to reach the tourist destination. They may be the last, largest or only settlement en route to the tourist attraction or in a tourism region, the closest in proximity to, or the first encountered within a tourism region. As such, tourist gateways are often associated with a major international or domestic airport, major road, railway station or seaport.Sometimes the terms are used in the context of information, such as websites that tourist visit in order to find out more about attractions and regions.
Tourist gateways, unlike tourist destinations, may have developed a niche in their economy for the role or may have degrees of dependency on the tourist attraction or region for economic development.  As such the focus of their tourism promotion is on their role in the provision of related services, such as transport, accommodation and hospitality.  Sometimes these services can be in direct competition with those offered at the tourist attractions themselves.
Tourist gateways may also be associated with roadside attractions and tourist traps.
Often, tourist gateways are associated with a moniker such as ""Gateway to the ...""; for example, Gateway to the West."
Tourist trap,"A tourist trap is an establishment (or group of establishments) that has been created or re-purposed with the aim of attracting tourists and their money. Tourist traps will typically provide overpriced services, entertainment, food, souvenirs and other products for tourists to purchase. Tourist trap derives from the information asymmetry between tourists and the market.

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Tourism region,"A tourism region is a geographical region that has been designated by a governmental organization or tourism bureau as having common cultural or environmental characteristics. These regions are often named after historical or current administrative and geographical regions. Others have names created specifically for tourism purposes. The names often evoke certain positive qualities of the area and suggest a coherent tourism experience to visitors. Countries, states, provinces, and other administrative regions are often carved up into tourism regions. In addition to drawing the attention of potential tourists, these tourism regions often provide tourists who are otherwise unfamiliar with an area with a manageable number of attractive options.
Some of the more famous tourism regions based on historical or current administrative regions include Tuscany in Italy and Yucatán in Mexico. Famous examples of regions created by a government or tourism bureau include the United Kingdom's Lake District and California's Wine Country in the United States."
Porta Caribe,"Porta Caribe is a tourism region in southern Puerto Rico. It was established in 2003 by the Puerto Rico Tourism Company, an agency of the Government of Puerto Rico. When created in 2003 it consisted of 14 municipalities in the south central zone (Adjuntas, Arroyo, Coamo, Guayama, Guayanilla, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Patillas, Peñuelas, Ponce, Salinas, Santa Isabel, Villaba, Yauco). With the creation of the neighboring Porta Cordillera zone in July 2012, the municipalities of Adjuntas and Jayuya were transferred to the newly created Porta Cordillera zone and Porta Caribe became a 12-municipality tourism region. The name Porta Caribe translates to ""Doorway to the Caribbean."" Its executive director is Maritza W. Ruiz Cabán."
Porta Cordillera,"Porta Cordillera is a land-locked tourism region in the central mountainous region of Puerto Rico.  It consists of 16 municipalities in the south central zone: Aguas Buenas, Cidra, Cayey, Comerío, Aibonito, Naranjito, Barranquitas, Corozal, Orocovis, Morovis, Ciales, Jayuya, Florida, Utuado, Adjuntas and  Lares.The zone is known for its stunning nature reserves, forests, coffee plantations, lakes, rivers, and caves as well as its protected karst area.  Puerto Rico's Ruta Panorámica notably cuts through the heart of this region.
Porta Cordillera was established in July 2012 by the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. The name translates to ""Doorway to the Cordillera"", where ""cordillera"" refers to Puerto Rico's Cordillera Central - the central mountain range of the island. Utuado and Aguas Buenas are not part of the Cordillera Central, but they are part of the tourism zone nevertheless. Adjuntas and Jayuya were part of the Porta Caribe region since the creation of that zone, but was moved to the Porta Cordillera region."
Porta del Sol,"Porta del Sol is a tourism region in western Puerto Rico. It consists of 17 municipalities in the western area: Quebradillas, Isabela, San Sebastián, Moca, Aguadilla, Aguada, Rincón, Añasco, Mayagüez, Las Marías, Maricao, Hormigueros, San Germán, Sábana Grande, Guánica, Lajas and Cabo Rojo.  Porta del Sol was established in 2003 by the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. The name translates to ""Doorway to the Sun""Two major airports with commercial service connect the area to other cities in Puerto Rico and the world, these being Rafael Hernandez Airport in Aguadilla with services on five passenger airlines as well as some cargo airlines, and Eugenio Maria de Hostos Airport in Mayagüez, with domestic flights to San Juan on one airline."
Resort town,"A resort town, resort city or resort destination, is an urban area where tourism or vacationing is the primary component of the local culture and economy.  A typical resort town has one or more actual resorts in the surrounding area. Sometimes the term resort town is used simply for a locale popular among tourists. One task force in British Columbia used the definition of an incorporated or unincorporated contiguous area where the ratio of transient rooms, measured in bed units, is greater than 60% of the permanent population.Generally, tourism is the main export in a resort town economy, with most residents of the area working in the tourism or resort industry. Shops and luxury boutiques selling locally themed souvenirs, motels, and unique restaurants often proliferate the downtown areas of a resort town.
In the case of the United States, resort towns were created around the late 1800s and early 1900s with the development of early town-making. Many resort towns feature ambitious architecture, romanticizing their location, and dependence on cheap labor."
"Bar Harbor, Maine","Bar Harbor is a resort town on Mount Desert Island in Hancock County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population is 5,089. The town is home to the College of the Atlantic, Jackson Laboratory, and MDI Biological Laboratory. During the summer and fall seasons, it is a popular tourist destination.
Bar Harbor is also home to the largest parts of Acadia National Park, including Cadillac Mountain, the highest point within 25 miles (40 km) of the coastline of the eastern United States.From the mainland, Bar Harbor is accessible by road via Maine State Route 3, by air at Hancock County–Bar Harbor Airport, and by ferry from Winter Harbor, Maine, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia."
"Camden, Maine","Camden is a resort town in Knox County, Maine, United States. The population was 5,232 at the 2020 census. The population of the town more than triples during the summer months, due to tourists and summer residents. Camden is a summer colony in the Mid-Coast region of Maine.  Similar to Bar Harbor, Nantucket and North Haven, Camden is well known for its summer community of wealthy  Northeasterners, mostly from Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia."
"Kennebunkport, Maine","Kennebunkport  is a resort town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,629 people at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
The town center, the area in and around Dock Square, is located along the Kennebunk River, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) from the mouth of the river on the Atlantic Ocean. Historically a shipbuilding and fishing village, for well over a century the town has been a popular summer colony and seaside tourist destination. The Dock Square area has a district of souvenir shops, art galleries, schooner attractions, seafood restaurants, and bed and breakfasts.  Cape Porpoise, while retaining its identity as a fishing harbor, has a very small village area with several restaurants, a church, grocery store, coffee shop, small library, and art gallery. Kennebunkport has a reputation as a summer haven for the upper class and is one of the wealthiest communities in the state of Maine. The Municipality of Kennebunkport includes the constituent villages of Kennebunkport Village, Cape Arundel & Colony Beach, the Cottage Coast, Wilde's District (Wildwood), Goose Rocks Beach, Turbatts Creek, Cape Porpoise Village, North Village Crossing (Townhouse Corner), among various other newer developments. The town is the home of Walker's Point, a summer estate of the Bush family.
Kennebunkport and neighboring towns Kennebunk and Arundel comprise school district RSU 21.The Kennebunkport Christmas Prelude takes place annually in the town, beginning either in late November or early December."
"Newry, Maine","Newry (; from Irish: An Iúraigh) is a resort town in Oxford County, Maine, United States.  The population was 411 at the 2020 census. Newry was the site of one of Maine's worst Cold War aircraft crashes. The town is the home of Sunday River Ski Resort and has a proportionately large seasonal (winter) population."
"Ocean Park, Maine","Ocean Park is a village in the town of Old Orchard Beach in York County, Maine, United States.  A historic family style summer community affiliated with the Free Will Baptists, the community is located in southern Old Orchard Beach on Saco Bay. Ocean Park continues to be a dry community to this day. Rooted in the Chautauqua tradition, it is occasionally referred to as ""Chautauqua-by-the-Sea.""  The ZIP Code for Ocean Park is 04063."
"Ogunquit, Maine","Ogunquit ( oh-GUN-kwit) is a resort town in York County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,577.Ogunquit is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area."
"Old Orchard Beach, Maine","Old Orchard Beach is a resort town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 8,960 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland−South Portland−Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Located on the inner side of Saco Bay on the Atlantic Ocean, the town is a popular seaside resort. The downtown contains many tourist-oriented businesses, including clam shacks and T-shirt shops. A wooden pier on the beach contains many other tourist businesses, including a variety of souvenir shops. The seven mile (11 km) long beach actually covers three different towns: (Scarborough, Old Orchard Beach, and Saco, north to south), and is lined with many beach residential properties, condominiums, motels and bed and breakfasts."
"Owens Wells, Mississippi","Owens Wells is an unincorporated community in Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. Owens Wells is located near Mississippi Highway 12 and is approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Lexington and approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Durant. The community was once a stop on the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad."
Palūšė,"Palūšė is a tourist village in the Aukštaitija National Park in eastern Lithuania. It is located south-west of Ignalina. The church of Palūšė, built in 1750, is considered to be the oldest surviving wooden church in Lithuania. The church is constructed from wood and was built without using nails, only with saws and axes. It was featured on the one litas banknote. According to the 2011 census, it had 83 residents. Lithuania singer and composer Mikas Petrauskas was born in Palūšė."
Sahl Hasheesh,"Sahl Hasheesh (Arabic: سهل حشيش  Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈsæhle ħæˈʃiːʃ]) is a bay located on the Red Sea coast of Egypt, near Hurghada, approximately 18 km south of Hurghada International Airport.The Sahl Hasheesh Bay is home to a number of islands and coral reefs with diving and snorkeling. The nearby Abou Hasheesh Island is a local protectorate containing a thriving community of marine life."
Wakayama Marina City,"Wakayama Marina City is a resort town built on an artificial island of 49 hectares (120 acres) in size, in Wakaura Bay, part of the larger Osaka Bay. It is also part of Wakayama-shi (City) Wakayama-ken (Prefecture) on the Kansai Peninsula, about a forty-minute train ride south of the Kansai International Airport, which is itself built on an artificial island. The nearest large city is Osaka, Japan, about an hour by train to the north."
"Wells, Maine","Wells is a resort town in York County, Maine, United States. Founded in 1643, it is the third-oldest town in Maine. The population was 11,314 at the 2020 census. Wells Beach is a popular summer destination."
Wonsan,"Wonsan (Korean pronunciation: [wʌn.san]), previously known as Wonsanjin (元山津), Port Lazarev, and Genzan (元山), is a port city and naval base located in Kangwon Province, North Korea, along the eastern side of the Korean Peninsula, on the Sea of Japan and the provincial capital. The port was opened by occupying Japanese forces in 1880. Before 1950–1953 Korean War, it fell within the jurisdiction of the then South Hamgyong province, and during the war, it was the location of the Blockade of Wonsan. The population of the city was estimated at 329,207 in 2013. Notable people from Wonsan include Kim Ki-nam, a diplomat and former Vice Chairman of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea.
In 2013, it was announced that Wonsan would be converted into a summer destination with resorts and entertainment. Having spent his childhood years there, Kim Jong Un has expressed significant interest in further developing the region, with the construction of new infrastructure such as Kalma Airport, a dual-use civilian international airport and military proving ground. A state corporation, the Wonsan Zone Development Corporation, has been established with feasibility studies for a wide variety of hotels and commercial and industrial development."
"York Beach, Maine","York Beach is a village within the town of York, Maine, United States. The York Beach area consists of Long Sands and Short Sands beaches on the Atlantic Ocean in the Gulf of Maine. The two beaches are separated by Cape Neddick. Cape Neddick and York Beach together comprise the Cape Neddick census-designated place, with a year-round population of 2,568. The town of York consists of the communities of York Beach, Cape Neddick, York Harbor, and the village of York; 12,529 residents with a summer months population increase to an estimated 52,000 people."
Guide book,"A guide book or travel guide is ""a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists"". It will usually include information about sights, accommodation, restaurants, transportation, and activities. Maps of varying detail and historical and cultural information are often included. Different kinds of guide books exist, focusing on different aspects of travel, from adventure travel to relaxation, or aimed at travelers with different incomes, or focusing on sexual orientation or types of diet.
Travel guides or guide book can also take the form of travel websites."
Alan Rogers Guides,"Alan Rogers Guides is a campsite guide publisher. It was started in Britain in 1968 by camp enthusiast Alan Rogers. The guides place the utmost importance on the quality of the campsites; campsites cannot pay to be in the guide. Travel guides have been published every year (with the exception of 2017) since 1968. In 2018, Alan Rogers Guides celebrated its 50th anniversary."
American Guide Series,"The American Guide Series includes books and pamphlets published from 1937 to 1941 under the auspices of the Federal Writers' Project (FWP), a Depression-era program that was part of the larger Works Progress Administration in the United States. The American Guide Series books were compiled by the FWP, but printed by individual states, and contained detailed histories of each of the then 48 states of the Union with descriptions of every major city and town. The series not only detailed the histories of the 48 states, but provided insight to their cultures as well. In total, the project employed over 6,000 writers. The format was uniform, comprising essays on the state's history and culture, descriptions of its major cities, automobile tours of important attractions, and a portfolio of photographs.
Many books in the project have been updated by private companies or republished without updating. Although not then a state, a guide for Alaska was published, and also for Puerto Rico (but not for Hawaii).
If there had been room in Rocinante I would have packed the W.P.A. Guides to the States, all forty-eight volumes of them...The complete set comprises the most comprehensive account of the United States ever got together, and nothing since has approached it."""
Apodemica,"Ars Apodemica is travel advice literature which was significant in the period between the mid-16th and the late 18th century.
Travelling was becoming more and more a widespread practice, so the need was felt of guidance for future travellers. Ars Apodemica writings gave also guidelines on how to systematise the knowledge acquired by travelling, in order to benefit the learned community (the Respublica Literarum). These writings (several hundred in number) can be read as milestones in the formation of modern scientific methodology, but also as discourses on social practices of the period (e.g. the Grand Tour)."
Appletons' travel guides,"Appletons' travel guide books were published by D. Appleton & Company of New York. The firm's series of guides to railway travel in the United States began in the 1840s. Soon after it issued additional series of handbooks for tourists in the United States, Europe, Canada and Latin America."
Asia Overland,"Asia Overland by Mark Elliott and Wil Klass was an idiosyncratic book of the 1990s which developed a minor cult following amongst backpackers in Asia and the former Soviet Union. Although it has been out of print since 2002, the book remains a talking point amongst older travellers. Its unique feature was that practical information was displayed in a set of schematic 'treasure maps' rather than in run-on text, a style later replicated in certain other books by Trailblazer,.Between maps, the book's writing offered a way to inspire questions and investigation more than providing answers in the style of more classic Lonely Planet style guides. The guide gained a certain notoriety by explaining 'tricks' for crossing ex-Soviet borders semi-legally, for reaching Iraqi Kurdistan when that area was still little known to exist, and for getting into North Korea without a visa. Today these tips appear extremely foolhardy but at the time the book was written (largely pre-Internet) they worked and caused much excitement amongst travellers of the era. Despite considerable interest from the public, there has been no follow-up edition and at times second-hand copies of the original edition have been offered at relatively exorbitant prices on Amazon and eBay."
Automobile Blue Book,The Automobile Blue Book was an American series of road guides for motoring travelers in the United States and Canada published between 1901 and 1929.  It was best known for its point-to-point road directions at a time when numbered routes generally did not exist (Wisconsin became the first state to number its highways in 1918).
Baedeker,"Verlag Karl Baedeker, founded by Karl Baedeker on 1 July 1827, is a German publisher and pioneer in the business of worldwide travel guides. The guides, often referred to simply as ""Baedekers"" (a term sometimes used to refer to similar works from other publishers, or travel guides in general), contain, among other things, maps and introductions; information about routes and travel facilities; and descriptions of noteworthy buildings, sights, attractions and museums, written by specialists.

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List of Baedeker Guides,"Baedeker Guides are travel guide books published by the Karl Baedeker firm of Germany beginning in the 1830s.

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Beautiful England,"""Beautiful England"" was the title of a series of short, illustrated travel/guide books first published in Britain by Blackie & Son around 1910 and continuing in print until the 1950s. Each title featured a particular region, town or city in England and was illustrated by watercolour landscape painter, E. W. Haslehust.
Blackie & Son also published other related series: ""Beautiful Scotland"" (4 vols. or 4 pts. in 1 vol.), ""Beautiful Ireland"" (Leinster, Ulster, Munster, Connaught; painted by Alex. Williams; described by Stephen Gwynn; 4 vols. or 4 pts. in 1) and ""Beautiful Switzerland"" (Chamonix; Lausanne and its Environs; Lucerne; Villars and its Environs: all pictured and described by George Flemwell)."
Black's Guides,"Black's Guides were travel guide books published by the Adam and Charles Black firm of Edinburgh (later London) beginning in 1839. The series' style tended towards the ""colloquial, with fewer cultural pretensions"" than its leading competitor Baedeker Guides. Contributors included David T. Ansted, Charles Bertram Black, and A.R. Hope Moncrieff."
Blue Guides,"The Blue Guides are a series of detailed and authoritative travel guidebooks focused on art, architecture, and (where relevant) archaeology along with the history and context necessary to understand them. A modicum of practical travel information, with recommended restaurants and hotels, is also generally included.
The first Blue Guide – London and its Environs  – was published in 1918 by the Scottish brothers James and Findlay Muirhead.  The Muirheads had for many years been the English-language editors of the famous German Baedeker series. When they also acquired the rights to John Murray III’s famous travel “handbooks” they established the Blue Guides as heir to the great 19th century guide book tradition."
Bradshaw's Guide,"Bradshaw's was a series of railway timetables and travel guide books published by W.J. Adams and later Henry Blacklock, both of London. They are named after founder George Bradshaw, who produced his first timetable in October 1839. Although Bradshaw died in 1853, the range of titles bearing his name (and commonly referred to by that alone) continued to expand for the remainder of the 19th and early part of the 20th century, covering at various times Continental Europe, India, Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of the Middle-East. They survived until May 1961, when the final monthly edition of the British guide was produced. The British and Continental guides were referred to extensively by presenter Michael Portillo in his multiple television series."
Bradt Travel Guides,"Bradt Travel Guides is a publisher of travel guides founded in 1974 by Hilary Bradt and her husband George, who co-wrote the first Bradt Guide on a river barge on a tributary of the Amazon.Since then Bradt has grown into a leading independent travel publisher, with growth particularly in the last decade. It has a reputation for tackling destinations overlooked by other guide book publishers. Bradt guides have been cited by The Independent as covering ""parts of the world other travel publishers don't reach"", and nearly two-thirds of the guides on the publisher's list have no direct competition in English from other travel publishers.These include guides to parts of Asia, Latin America and Africa, in particular, which traditionally have not been widely covered by guidebook publishers, or do not have a long history of tourism. Bradt also has an extensive list of regional European guides to destinations such as the Peloponnese, the Vendée and the Basque Country.
The guides give a brief summary of the history of the destination. Each guide then covers the basics such as geography and climate, wildlife, languages and culture, healthcare and media. Subsequent chapters are usually arranged on a geographical basis, addressing the main cities or regions of the destination in systematic order. According to Michael Palin: ""Bradt Guides are expertly written and longer on local detail than any others"".Bradt guides are often written by writers who live in the country or region they are writing about or have travelled there extensively over many years, rather than professional travel writers. As such, they may be written somewhat unconventionally compared with normal tourist guides. Bradt guides often relay information about the nature of the local people, based on the experiences of the author. The health chapters are written in collaboration with a well-travelled doctor: Jane Wilson-Howarth or Felicity Nicholson.
In 2010 Bradt launched the Slow Travel series of UK regional guides, now 16 titles strong. And the publisher also has a list of travel narratives and nature writing from authors such as Jonathan Scott, Brian Jackman and Princess Michael of Kent.
Bradt Travel Guides is based in Chalfont St Peter in Buckinghamshire, England and co-publishes with Globe Pequot in Guilford, Connecticut in the United States.
Bradt has won or been shortlisted for many awards, including: Sunday Times Small Publisher of the Year in 1997; Gold Award in the Wanderlust Best Guidebook Awards in 2009, 2011, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019; Which? magazine's Top Recommended Travel Guide Publisher in 2011 and 2012; and a shortlisting for Independent Publisher of the Year at the British Book Awards, 2017. In 2008 Hilary Bradt was appointed an MBE for services to the Tourist Industry and to Charity.In 2019, Bradt acquired competitor Footprint Travel Guides."
Bruckmann's Illustrated Guides,Bruckmann's Illustrated Guides (1892-1916) were European travel guide books published by A. Bruckmann in Munich and Asher & Co. in London. The series also appeared in a German-language edition entitled Bruckmann's Illustrierte Reiseführer.
Coghlan's Guides,Coghlan's Guides were a series of travel guide books to Europe written by Francis Coghlan in the mid-19th century.
Cook's Travellers Handbooks,"Cook's Tourists' Handbooks were a series of travel guide books for tourists published in the 19th-20th centuries by Thomas Cook & Son of London. The firm's founder, Thomas Cook, produced his first handbook to England in the 1840s, later expanding to Europe, Near East, North Africa, and beyond. Compared with other guides such as Murray's, Cook's aimed at ""a broader and less sophisticated middle-class audience."" The books served to advertise Cook's larger business of organizing travel tours. The series continues today as Traveller Guides issued by Thomas Cook Publishing of Peterborough, England."
DK (publisher),"Dorling Kindersley Limited (branded as DK) is a British multinational publishing company specialising in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 63 languages. 
It is part of Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
Established in 1974, DK publishes a range of titles in genres including travel (including DK Eyewitness Travel), history, geography, science, space, nature, sports, gardening, cookery and parenting.  
The worldwide co-CEOs of DK are Paul Kelly and Rebecca Smart. DK has offices in New York, Melbourne, London, Munich, New Delhi, Toronto, Madrid, Beijing, and Jiangmen.
DK works with licensing partners such as Disney, LEGO, DC Comics, the Royal Horticultural Society, MasterChef, and the Smithsonian Institution. 
DK has commissioned Mary Berry, Monty Don, Robert Winston, Huw Richards, and Steve Mould for a range of books."
Edo meisho zue,"Edo meisho zue (江戸名所図会, ""Guide to famous Edo sites"") is an illustrated guide describing famous places, called meisho, and depicting their scenery in pre-1868 Tokyo, then known as Edo. It was printed using Japanese woodblock printing techniques in 20 books divided among seven volumes. Initially published in 1834 (volumes 1–3, 10 books) and republished in 1836 (volumes 4–7, all 20 books) with slight revisions—i.e., all during the late Edo period (1603–1867), it became an immediate hit and prompted a “boom” in the publication of further meisho zue (“famous site guides”)."
Egon Ronay's Guide,
Eyewitness Travel Guides,
Fearless Critic,"Fearless Critic Media is a US publishing house best known for its books The Wine Trials, The Beer Trials, and the Fearless Critic series of restaurant guidebooks to US cities. The publishing house was founded in 2004, merged with Workman in 2008, and currently has eight restaurant guides in print—Austin, Texas, Houston, Texas, Dallas, Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Seattle, Washington, Portland, Oregon, Washington, D.C., and New Haven, Connecticut. In 2014, Fearless Critic launched a new nonfiction imprint whose first title will be the March 2015 hardcover Blind Taste: A Defense of Fast Food & Cheap Beer, by Robin Goldstein, author of The Wine Trials. Fearless Critic books are distributed by IPG."
Fodor's,"Fodor's  is a producer of English-language travel guides and online tourism information. It was founded by Hungarian Eugene Fodor, who created his first travel guide, 1936...on the Continent, with the intention of improving upon the directory-type travel guides in existence through the inclusion of practical guidance, such as tipping advice, and levity (the introduction noted that ""Rome contains not only magnificent monuments [...] but also Italians."").Fodor’s pioneering book was a success in England and the United States, and was immediately updated as 1937 in Europe. After an interruption cause by World War II, Fodor's Modern Guides, Inc., was founded in Paris in 1949, and a year late David McKay Company became its publisher. Foder’s was acquired with McKay by Random House in 1986 and sold to Internet Brands in 2016.Fodor's has published more than 440 guides (in 14 series) on over 300 destinations, and has more than 700 permanently placed researchers all over the world. Its website, which was launched in 1996, was nominated for a Webby Award in 2004."
Footprint Travel Guides,"Footprint Travel Guides is the imprint of Footprint Handbooks Ltd, a publisher of guidebooks based in Bath in the United Kingdom. Particularly noted for their coverage of Latin America, their South American Handbook, first published in 1924, is in its 90th edition and is updated annually. The company now publish more than 200 titles covering many destinations. Since 2008, all handbook guides are published in lightweight hardback.
The initial focus on travel broadened to include activity and lifestyle guides on topics such as travel photography, travelling with children, mountain biking, diving, surfing, skiing, snowboarding and body and soul retreats. The range currently offered by Footprint includes: Footprint Handbooks, Footprint Focus, Footprint Dream Trip, Footprint with Kids, Footprint Activity and Lifestyle Guides, and Footprint Full-Colour Guides.
Globe Pequot Press acquired Footprint in 2007. When Globe Pequot was sold by parent Morris Communications to Rowman & Littlefield, Footprint was retained.In 2019, Footprint was acquired by Bradt Travel Guides."
Forbes Travel Guide,"Forbes Travel Guide (formerly known as Mobil Guide or Mobil Travel Guide) is a star rating service and online travel guide for hotels, restaurants and spas. In 2011, Forbes Travel Guide published its last set of guidebooks and on November 15, 2011, launched its new online home, ForbesTravelGuide.com, which covers numerous international destinations, including Hong Kong, Macau, Beijing, Singapore, Shanghai, Mexico, the Caribbean, Latin America, Japan, Thailand and London. ForbesTravelGuide.com combines Forbes Travel Guide's Five-Star travel ratings system with insights and perspectives from Forbes Travel Guide's own inspectors."
Frommer's,"Frommer's is a travel guide book series created by Arthur Frommer in 1957. Frommer's has since expanded to include more than 350 guidebooks in 14 series, as well as other media including an eponymous radio show and a website. In 2017, the company celebrated its 60th anniversary. Frommer has maintained a travel-related blog on the company's website since 2007."
Galignani's guides,
Gaylocator,"Gaylocator, stylized as GAYLOCATOR, is a travel guide aimed toward gay travellers to Europe. The guide is updated annually by Global Productions, based in Prague."
The Good Pub Guide,"The Good Pub Guide is a long-running critical publication which lists and rates public houses (pubs) in the United Kingdom.Published by Random House's Ebury Publishing subsidiary since 1982, it is released annually in book form and, since 2009, online.By 2009, the book form guide contained over 5,000 of pubs based upon food, drink, and atmosphere. There were 1,140 fully inspected main entries and 1,931 entries recommended by readers which had yet to be inspected. In addition, the website contained a list of 55,000 pubs."
Griebens Reise-Bibliothek,"Griebens Reise-Bibliothek (est.1853) was a series of German-language travel guide books  to Europe, founded by Theobald Grieben of Berlin. Some titles occasionally appeared in English or French language editions. Compared with its competitor Baedeker, Griebens was ""cheaper and less detailed."" A 1914 British reviewer judged it ""informative and not bulky, going easily into the coat pocket."" Readers included Thomas Wolfe. In 1863 publisher Albert Goldschmidt bought the series and continued it; in the 1890s the Goldschmidt office sat on Köthener Straße in Berlin. By the 1950s Griebens was issued by Jürgen E. Rohde of Munich."
Guide Bleu,"The Guide Bleu is a series of French-language travel guides published by Hachette Livre, which started in 1841 as the Guide Joanne.
Among Hachette's several guidebook series, the Guide Bleu is addressed to those seeking ""discovery in depth""."
Guide to the Lakes,"Guide to the Lakes, more fully A Guide through the District of the Lakes, William Wordsworth's travellers' guidebook to England's Lake District, has been studied by scholars both for its relationship to his Romantic poetry and as an early influence on 19th-century geography. Originally written because Wordsworth needed money, the first version was published in 1810 as anonymous text in a collection of engravings. The work is now best known from its expanded and updated 1835 fifth edition.

According to Wordsworth biographer Stephen Gill,The Guide is multi-faceted. It is a guide, but it is also a prose-poem about light, shapes, and textures, about movement and stillness ... It is a paean to a way of life, but also a lament for the inevitability of its passing ... What holds this diversity together is the voice of complete authority, compounded from experience, intense observation, thought, and love."
Guides Joanne,"Guides Joanne (est. 1841) was a series of French-language travel guide books to Europe founded by Adolphe Joanne and published in Paris. Routes followed the railways at first, and later volumes guided readers by province."
Guides Pol,Guides Pol or Pol's Guides (est.1896) was a series of travel guide books to France and Switzerland. Gustave Toursier oversaw the enterprise.
A Handbook for Travellers in Spain,"A Handbook for Travellers in Spain is an 1845 work of travel literature by English writer Richard Ford. It has been described as a defining moment in the genre.
British tourists were travelling through Europe in increasing numbers and the need for guidebooks was beginning to be supplied by publishers like John Murray.
In 1845 Ford, who had gained tremendous knowledge of Spain by extensive travel on horseback, wrote this account enlivened by humour and anecdotes.
In Ford's obituary, commonly attributed to Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, ""so great a literary achievement had never before been performed under so humble a title."" Ford marked, with George Borrow the eccentric English traveller, an interest in Spain that would continue through the twentieth century on the part of British writers: Gerald Brenan, Norman Lewis and George Orwell were among the most eminent of these successors, with Jason Webster (the author of Duende, Andalus and Guerra) and Chris Stewart (the author of Driving Over Lemons) being contemporary.
The original edition was published by John Murray in 1845 in two volumes. The following year in 1846 he prepared a more manageable version entitled Gatherings from Spain which included some extra material. Second and third editions of the original book appeared in 1847 and 1855 respectively. As of 1966 the book was still being reprinted.
In 1855 Richard Ford also wrote Andalucia, Ronda and Granada, Murcia, Valencia, and Catalonia; the portions best suited for the invalid."
Harden's,"Harden's is a UK restaurant guide, publishing print, online and mobile reviews and ratings for both London and UK restaurants. Like New York's Zagat Survey (which no longer has a London edition), the ratings and reviews are based on the results of a reader survey (and were at one point also based on the personal visits of brothers and founders Richard and Peter Harden).
The survey on which the guide is based is also used to produce The Sunday Times Food List – an annual publication featuring the top 100 restaurants in the UK.
It is published annually, and in addition to evaluating individual restaurants, and ""Best of"", it provides analysis of the restaurant scene and developments over the past year."
Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers,"Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers (est.1862) was a series of travel guide books published by Harper & Brothers of New York. Each annual edition contained information for tourists in Europe and parts of the Middle East. The ""indefatigable"" William Pembroke Fetridge wrote most of the guides from 1862 until at least 1885.  In its day the Harper's Hand-Book competed with popular guides such as Baedeker, Bradshaw's, and Murray's. In 1867 critic William Dean Howells found Harper's Hand-Book ""chatty and sociable."" Readers included Lucy Baird, daughter of Spencer F. Baird."
Heywood Guides,"Heywood's Guide was a series of travel guide books to England, Scotland, and Wales, published in the 1860s-1910s by Abel Heywood of Manchester."
Highways and Byways (series of regional guides),"The Highways and Byways series of 36 regional guides were published between 1898 and 1948 by Macmillan's. These guides were noted for their presentation of a wide variety of interesting places, notable historical events, local flora and fauna, folklore, and legends, as well as the artwork, produced by many noted artists, including: Arthur B. Connor, Nelly Erichsen, Frederick L. Griggs, Joseph McCullough, Edmund H. New, Joseph Pennell, Hugh Thomson, Sir D.Y. Cameron and S. R. Badmin.  At the end of each book were folded maps.
David Milner edited a selection from the guides which was published as The Highways and Byways of Britain in 2008."
Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe,"The Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe (ISBN 0-8128-1446-0) was a travel guide, by ""Australian expatriate"" Ken Welsh and first published in 1971 in the UK by Pan Books. A first American edition was published in 1972 by Stein and Day, New York, NY, USA. The book has been described as ""providing valuable guidance for either the first-timer or the repeater"" in Europe, the Eastern Bloc nations, Turkey, North Africa, and the Middle East and a ""guide and compendium of advice for seeing Europe by the skin of your teeth""."
Illustrated Europe,"Illustrated Europe was a series of travel guide books to Europe published by Orell Fussli & Co. of Zürich and C. Smith & Son of London. It also appeared in a German-language edition (Europäische Wanderbilder) and a French-language edition (L'Europe illustré). The guides described localities in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Switzerland in the 1880s-1890s."
In Your Pocket City Guides,"In Your Pocket City Guides is a publisher of free guide books for many European cities, available in print, via website or via mobile app. It also publishes guide books for major events in Europe including the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship. It is based in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Guide books can be downloaded from the website free of charge in PDF. Guide books are also provided in video format on YouTube.The first In Your Pocket city guide, Vilnius In Your Pocket was written by German journalist Matthias Lüfkens and Belgian brothers George, Oliver, and Nicolas Ortiz in Vilnius, Lithuania and published in December 1991."
Indonesia Handbook,"Bill Dalton's Indonesia Handbook, published by Moon Publications in California, was the main English language tourist guide book for the whole of Indonesia between the 1970s and the 1990s."
Inside New York,"Inside New York is a New York City guidebook written and published annually by students of several universities, including Columbia University, New York University, The New School and other New York City universities. Founded in 1978 as the Columbia Guide to New York and given exclusively to incoming freshmen, it currently is distributed to several colleges, graduate programs, and businesses throughout New York City, in addition to being sold at independent bookstores and major retailers. Inside New York launched the first electronic edition of the guide book in September 2013."
Insight Guides,"Insight Guides, founded by Hans Johannes Hofer, is a travel company based in London with offices in Singapore and Warsaw. It sells customised package tours as well as guide books for hundreds of destinations worldwide. It also produces guide books, travel books, maps, globes, and travel gadgets for travelers.
In 2018, packaged tours represented 18% of revenue.

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Keeling's Guide to Japan,"Keeling's Guide to Japan was a tourist guidebook published in several editions during the 19th century by the Yokohama-based firm, A. Farsari & Co. The full title is Keeling's Guide to Japan: Yokohama, Tokio, Hakone, Fujiyama, Kamakura, Yokoska, Kanozan, Narita, Nikko, Kioto, Osaka, Kobe, Etc. Etc.
The guidebook provided accurate and detailed maps and plans of Japanese cities, resort areas, and building complexes; descriptions of sites, services and suggested itineraries; numerous informative tables; and pages of advertisements (including one for the Farsari photographic studio). Given the degree of detail, the guide is useful even today as a resource for a better understanding of Japan in the second half of the 19th century."
Leigh's travel guides,
Let's Go (book series),"Let's Go was a travel guide series researched, written, edited, and run entirely by students at Harvard University. Let's Go was founded in 1960 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts."
Lonely Planet,"Lonely Planet is a travel guide book publisher. Founded in Australia in 1973, the company has printed over 150 million books."
Guides Madrolle,
March On: A Veterans Travel Guide,"March On: A Veterans Travel Guide is a military transition guide and military-veterans historical narrative by Michael Embrich published by Cannon Publishing. The book garnered acclaim from the military-veterans community, and was a best-seller on Amazon for five weeks.

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Meyers Reisebücher,Meyers Reisebücher (1862-1936) were a series of German-language travel guide books published by the Bibliographisches Institut of Hildburghausen and Leipzig.
Michelin Guide,"The Michelin Guides (French: Guide Michelin [ɡid miʃlɛ̃]) are a series of guide books that have been published by the French tyre company Michelin since 1900. The Guide awards up to three Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The acquisition or loss of a star or stars can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. Michelin also publishes the Green Guides, a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries.

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The Milepost,"The Milepost is an extensive guide book covering Alaska, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and British Columbia.  It was first published in 1949 as a guide about traveling along the Alaska Highway, often locally referred to as ""The ALCAN"".  It has since expanded to cover all major highways in the northwest corner of North America, including the Alaska Marine Highway.  It is updated annually.

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Mirabilia Urbis Romae,"Mirabilia Urbis Romae (""Marvels of the City of Rome"") is a much-copied medieval Latin text that served generations of pilgrims and tourists as a guide to the city of Rome. The original, which was written by a canon of St Peter's, dates from the 1140s. The text survives in numerous manuscripts."
Mogg's travel guides,
Molvanîa,"Molvanîa (subtitled A Land Untouched by Modern Dentistry) is a book parodying travel guidebooks. The guide describes the fictional country Molvanîa, a post-Soviet state, a nation described as ""the birthplace of the whooping cough"" and ""owner of Europe's oldest nuclear reactor"".  It was created by Australians Tom Gleisner, Santo Cilauro and Rob Sitch (locally known for The D-Generation and The Panel in Australia). Along with the other Jetlag Travel volumes, 2004's Phaic Tăn and 2006's San Sombrèro, the book parodies both the language of heritage tourism and the legacy of colonialism and imperialism. The book has been criticized for promoting racial stereotypes."
Moon Publications,"Moon is a travel guidebook publisher founded in 1973 in Chico, California. The company started with travel guides to Asia and later also published guides to the Americas. The company is now based in Berkeley, California and published by Avalon Travel, a member of the Perseus Books Group."
Murray's Handbooks for Travellers,"Murray's Handbooks for Travellers were travel guide books published in London by John Murray beginning in 1836. The series covered tourist destinations in Europe and parts of Asia and northern Africa. According to scholar James Buzard, the Murray style ""exemplified the exhaustive rational planning that was as much an ideal of the emerging tourist industry as it was of British commercial and industrial organization generally.""  The guidebooks became popular enough to appear in works of fiction such as Charles Lever's Dodd Family Abroad. After 1915 the series continued as the Blue Guides and the familiar gold gilted red Murrays Handbooks published by John Murray London including the 
long running Handbook to India, Pakistan, Ceylon & Burma which concluded with the 21st edition in 1968 before changing from the original format of 1836 to a more modern paperback edition of 1975."
NAF Veibok,"NAF Veibok is a triannual publication issued by the Norwegian Automobile Federation. The book contains road maps, route descriptions and other road information. The first edition of the book came in 1928. The 29th edition, published in 2010, contains a total of about 800 pages, including an atlas of 136 map pages of a scale of 1:400,000, covering the Norwegian mainland."
The Navigator (Cramer book),"The Navigator, written by Zadok Cramer and first published in 1801, was a guide for settlers and travelers moving westward into or through the interior of the United States during the first half of the 19th century.
Its subject matter is described on its title page:

 
""The Navigator;
containing directions for navigating
The Monongahela, Allegheny, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers;
with an ample account of these much admired waters,
from the head of the former to the mouth of the latter;
and a concise description of their
towns, villages, harbors, settlements, &c.
With maps of the Ohio and Mississippi.
To which is added an appendix,
containing an account of Louisiana, 
and of the Missouri and Columbia Rivers
as discovered by the voyage under Louis and Clarke.
Eighth Edition--Improved and Enlarged.""

Cramer enlarged, corrected and expanded it through 12 editions in 25 years.  Though priced at one dollar it was very popular.  
The eighth edition was published in 1814, contained 369 pages, as well as dozens of maps detailing the navigable waterways and all their hazards.  
In 1966 a facsimile version of the eighth edition was printed and bound in hardcover by Readex Microprint Corporation, and was assigned the Library of Congress Catalog Card number 66-26332."
The Negro Motorist Green Book,"The Negro Motorist Green Book (also The Negro Motorist Green-Book, The Negro Travelers' Green Book, or simply the Green Book) was an annual guidebook for African American roadtrippers. It was originated and published by African American New York City postal worker Victor Hugo Green from 1936 to 1966, during the era of Jim Crow laws, when open and often legally prescribed discrimination against African Americans especially and other non-whites was widespread. Although pervasive racial discrimination and poverty limited black car ownership, the emerging African American middle class bought automobiles as soon as they could, but faced a variety of dangers and inconveniences along the road, from refusal of food and lodging to arbitrary arrest. In response, Green wrote his guide to services and places relatively friendly to African Americans, eventually expanding its coverage from the New York area to much of North America, as well as founding a travel agency.
Many black Americans took to driving, in part to avoid segregation on public transportation. As the writer George Schuyler put it in 1930, ""all Negroes who can do so purchase an automobile as soon as possible in order to be free of discomfort, discrimination, segregation and insult"". Black Americans employed as athletes, entertainers, and salesmen also traveled frequently for work purposes using automobiles that they owned personally.
African American travelers faced hardships such as white-owned businesses refusing to serve them or repair their vehicles, being refused accommodation or food by white-owned hotels, and threats of physical violence and forcible expulsion from whites-only ""sundown towns"". Green founded and published the Green Book to avoid such problems, compiling resources ""to give the Negro traveler information that will keep him from running into difficulties, embarrassments and to make his trip more enjoyable"". The maker of a 2019 documentary film about the book offered this summary: ""Everyone I was interviewing talked about the community that the Green Book created: a kind of parallel universe that was created by the book and this kind of secret road map that the Green Book outlined"".From a New York-focused first edition published in 1936, Green expanded the work to cover much of North America, including most of the United States and parts of Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda. The Green Book became ""the bible of black travel during Jim Crow"", enabling black travelers to find lodgings, businesses, and gas stations that would serve them along the road. It was little known outside the African American community. Shortly after passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed the types of racial discrimination that had made the Green Book necessary, publication ceased and it fell into obscurity. There has been a revived interest in it in the early 21st century in connection with studies of black travel during the Jim Crow era.
Four issues (1940, 1947, 1954, and 1963) have been republished in facsimile (as of December 2017), and have sold well. Twenty-three additional issues have now been digitized by the New York Public Library Digital Collections."
Nicholson Guides,"The Nicholson Guides are a set of books originally published by Robert Nicholson Publications, then jointly by Bartholomew and the Ordnance Survey, and now by HarperCollins, as guides to the navigable and un-navigable waterways of England and Wales (and, more recently, Scotland)."
Not for Tourists,"Not For Tourists (abbreviated NFT) is a series of guides to major cities. Unlike traditional tourist guide books, NFT guides are designed for people who live in or commute to their subject cities. As such, they differ in several ways from the typical guide book. In addition to highlighting landmarks, restaurants, bars, stores, and so on, NFT guides point out ""essentials"" like supermarkets, parking lots, pharmacies, and banks.
Not For Tourists currently publishes yearly guidebooks through Simon & Schuster. Though they previously operated a website providing travel advice, the registration expired and was not renewed on April 30, 2021. As of August 2021, there is a website operating at the former domain name, but it does not appear to be affiliated."
The Outlying Fells of Lakeland,"The Outlying Fells of Lakeland is a 1974 book written by Alfred Wainwright dealing with hills in and around the Lake District of England. It differs from Wainwright's Pictorial Guides in that each of its 56 chapters describes a walk, sometimes taking in several summits, rather than a single fell. This has caused some confusion on the part of authors attempting to prepare a definitive list of peaks. The Outlying Fells do not form part of the 214 hills generally accepted as making up the Wainwrights, but they are included in Category 2B of the Hill Walkers' Register maintained by the Long Distance Walkers Association."
Owari meisho zue,"Owari meisho zue (尾張名所図会, “Guide to famous Owari sites”) is an illustrated guide describing famous places, called meisho, and depicting their scenery in pre-1868 Owari province in central Japan. It was printed using Japanese woodblock printing techniques in books divided among volumes.
The Owari meisho Zue followed the publication of the Edo meisho zue, which sparked a public interest in travel guides."
Palmetto Leaves,"Palmetto Leaves is a memoir and travel guide written by Harriet Beecher Stowe about her winters in the town of Mandarin, Florida, published in 1873. Already famous for having written Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), Stowe came to Florida after the U.S. Civil War (1861–1865). She purchased a plantation near Jacksonville as a place for her son to recover from the injuries he had received as a Union soldier and to make a new start in life. After visiting him, she became so enamored with the region she purchased a cottage and orange grove for herself and wintered there until 1884, even though the plantation failed within its first year. Parts of Palmetto Leaves appeared in a newspaper published by Stowe's brother, as a series of letters and essays about life in northeast Florida.
Scion of New England clergy, Stowe keenly felt a sense of Christian responsibility that was expressed in her letters. She considered it her duty to help improve the lives of newly emancipated blacks and detailed her efforts to establish a school and church in Mandarin toward these ends. Parts of the book relate the lives of local African-Americans and the customs of their society. Stowe described the charm of the region and its generally moderate climate but warned readers of ""excessive"" heat in the summer months and occasional cold snaps in winter. Her audience comprises relatives, friends, and strangers in New England who ask her advice about whether or not to move to Florida, which at the time was still mostly wilderness. Although it is a minor work in Stowe's oeuvre, Palmetto Leaves was one of the first travel guides written about Florida and stimulated Florida's first boom of tourism and residential development in the 1880s."
Periplus of the Euxine Sea,"The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Ancient Greek: Περίπλους τοῦ Εὐξείνου Πόντου, Períplous toû Euxeínou Póntou, modern Greek transliteration Períplous tou Efxínou Pódou, Latin: Periplus Ponti Euxini) is a periplus or guidebook detailing the destinations visitors encounter when traveling about the shore of the Black Sea. It was written by Arrian of Nicomedia from AD 130–131.

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Le Petit Futé,"Petit Futé (founded 1976) is a series of French travel guides broadly equivalent to the Lonely Planet series in English or the competing French 'Guides du routard' series. The series also publishes some works in English, such as Petit Futé Best of France. The term petit futé means ""little wily one,"" implying in this case for the wily and cost-conscious traveller, and the imprint's logo is a (wily) fox."
The Petit Paumé,"The Petit Paumé is a student association of EMLYON Business School created in 1968, which name comes from Jacques Brel's popular song Les Paumés du petit matin (1962).
The Petit Paumé's aim is to design and to distribute a critical and free guide of the city of Lyon. Thus, the association tests all the city restaurants, bars and shops that it wishes to mention in its annual guide.
Each of its members (about 30) is both a tester and a writer. They print about 300,000 copies of the guidebook per year.
The Petit Paumé publishes a paper version of the guide, a weekly newsletter sent by e-mail, an app for Android and iOS."
Phaic Tăn,"Phaic Tăn (subtitled Sunstroke on a Shoestring) is a 2004 parody travel guidebook examining imaginary country Phaic Tăn. The book was written by Australians Tom Gleisner, Santo Cilauro, and Rob Sitch. Along with the other Jetlag Travel volumes, 2003's Molvanîa and 2006's San Sombrèro, the book parodies both the language of heritage tourism and the legacy of colonialism and imperialism."
Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells,"A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells is a series of seven books by A. Wainwright, detailing the fells (the local word for hills and mountains) of the Lake District in northwest England. Written over a period of 13 years from 1952, they consist entirely of reproductions of Wainwright's manuscript, hand-produced in pen and ink with no typeset material.
The series has been in print almost continuously since it was first published between 1955 and 1966, with more than 2 million copies sold. It is still regarded by many walkers as the definitive guide to the Lakeland mountains. The 214 fells described in the seven volumes have become known as the Wainwrights. As of 2013 the LDWA register of those who have climbed all the fells listed 674 names.  The Wainwright Society maintains a ""register of current Society members who have climbed all 214 fells""."
Picturesque America,"Picturesque America was a two-volume set of books describing and illustrating the scenery of America, which grew out of an earlier series in Appleton's Journal. It was published by D. Appleton and Company of New York in 1872 and 1874 and edited by the romantic poet and journalist William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878), who also edited the New York Evening Post. The layout and concept was similar to that of Picturesque Europe. The work's essays, together with its nine hundred wood engravings and fifty steel engravings, are considered to have had a profound influence on the growth of tourism and the historic preservation movement in the United States.The preface described ""the design of this publication to present full descriptions and elaborate pictorial delineations of the scenery characteristic of all the different parts of our country. The wealth of material for this purpose is almost boundless.""
This two-volume set and others of the same genre, achieved great popularity in the nineteenth century. Their illustrations provided a tour of nineteenth century America, unspoilt and pastoral, its centres of commerce, ports, architecture and natural treasures. In a modern (2001) treatment of the work, Sue Rainey, who is a historian of American graphic arts and has a particular interest in the artists who drew landscapes and cityscapes for periodical and book illustrations,  wrote ""As the first publication to celebrate the entire continental nation, it enabled Americans, after the trauma of the Civil War, to construct a national self-image based on reconciliation between North and South and incorporation of the West."" (p. xiii) The volumes display both steel and wood engravings based on the paintings of some of the best American landscape painters of the nineteenth century, primarily Harry Fenn and his friend Douglas Woodward, but also including John Frederick Kensett, William Stanley Haseltine, James David Smillie, John William Casilear, Thomas Moran, A. C. Warren, David Johnson, Granville Perkins, Felix Octavius Carr Darley, Albert Fitch Bellows, James McDougal Hart, Casimir Clayton Griswold (1834-1918), Worthington Whittredge, Charles G. Rosenberg (1818 - 1879), William Ludwell Sheppard (1833-1912), Homer Dodge Martin, Alfred Rudolph Waud, William Hart, Robert Swain Gifford, Jules Tavernier, William Hamilton Gibson, and Thomas Cole.
Engravers included Robert Hinshelwood (1812-1885), Edward Paxman Brandard (1819-1898), Samuel Valentine Hunt (1803-1893), William Wellstood (1819-1900), William Chapin (1802-1888), Henry Bryan Hall (1808-1884).
Robert Hinshelwood was born in Edinburgh in 1812 and emigrated to America in 1835 where he became renowned for his landscapes, etchings and engravings. His meticulous attention to detail was appreciated by publishing houses such as Appleton's and Harper's, and also by the Continental Bank Note Company who employed him to produce plates for the printing of currency. He died in New York.
Volume I engravings

This ambitious work was published and delivered as a subscription; semi-monthly parts were sent out to subscribers. Once complete, the subscription would be bound into volumes.  A variety of bindings were available, from cloth-bound with leather corners at the low end to full Morocco leather bindings with elaborate tooling. The stately, bound two volume set was proudly displayed in parlors of subscriber homes as a show of status.
Nowadays, the publication frequently appears in antiquarian book collections; sometimes in pristine collection, but more frequently in poor condition.  Lower-quality examples are frequently disassembled, their engravings removed and sold separately."
Picturesque Europe,"Picturesque Europe was a lavishly illustrated set of books published by D. Appleton & Co. in the mid-1870s based on their phenomenally successful Picturesque America. An edited form was reprinted in Europe by Cassell & Co. The books depicted nature and tourist haunts in Europe, with text descriptions and numerous steel and wood engravings. J.W. Whymper was among the engravers and directed the other artists on the project."
"Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt","Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt was a lavishly illustrated set of books published by D. Appleton & Co. in the early 1880s based on their phenomenally successful Picturesque America and Picturesque Europe series. It was edited by Charles William Wilson, following his leadership of the seminal Ordnance Survey of Palestine and PEF Survey of Palestine. The Appleton series was issued as ""two volumes or four divisions""; it was reprinted in London by J.S. Virtue & Co., simply published as four volumes.
It was followed in 1884 by Stanley Lane-Poole's Social Life in Egypt, a kind of sequel that billed itself as ""a supplement to Picturesque Palestine"". It is sometimes treated as a ""fifth volume"" of the series, but did not use Fenn or Woodward for its art."
Les Pintades,"Les Pintades is a French thematic travel guide book series targeted towards women. It was created by Layla Demay and Laure Watrin two French journalists. It is currently published by Hachette subsidiary Calmann-Levy.
The series began in 2004 with the publication of Pintades in New York book (Les Pintades à New York). Les Pintades has expanded to include 9 guidebooks. 
As per the website www.edistat.com, more than 150.000 books have been sold since Les Pintades inception.
Les Pintades also produced a travel documentary series for French paid channel Canal+.
On the Internet, Les Pintades are blogging about travel."
Reisehaandbog over Norge,"Reisehaandbog over Norge is a Norwegian travel guide book first published in 1879 by Yngvar Nielsen. It was re-issued in twelve different editions between 1879 and 1915. The guide book became quite popular, and played an important role in the development of tourism in Norway. An English edition of the guide book was published in 1886."
Le Rhin,"Le Rhin (lit. The Rhine) is an 1842 travel guide written by Victor Hugo. Similar to Mark Twain's writings about the Mississippi, it includes many stories about the Rhine river. It ends with a political manifesto."
Roadfood,"Roadfood is a series of books by Jane and Michael Stern originally published in 1977. The term Roadfood was coined by the Sterns to describe the regional cuisine they discovered when they began driving around America in the early 1970s. Their focus was not on deluxe fare, but on everyday local food – barbecue, chili, fried chicken, apple pie – and the unpretentious restaurants that serve it: diners, small-town cafes, seaside shacks, drive-ins, and bake shops.
The Sterns, who had no formal training in cuisine or journalism, met at Yale University in 1968, married in 1970, and graduated in 1971, after which they left academia to explore the USA. At first, their focus was on popular culture in general, but after traveling around the country for a few years, they realized they had been keeping an informal diary of unknown and unique places to eat: inconspicuous restaurants that were, at the time, of no interest to the food-writing establishment. After three years of travel in a beat-up Volkswagen Beetle, staying at seedy motels, and occasionally sleeping in the back seat of the car, they drafted the manuscript of Roadfood, a guide to restaurants that were neither fast food nor gourmet dining, but were an expression of local foodways. 
Roadfood was a landmark, the first cross-country guide to regional American food. Since then, the Sterns have written Roadfood columns for Gourmet magazine and Saveur and report regularly about ""road food"" on public radio's ""The Splendid Table."" They have won numerous James Beard awards for their writing and have been inducted into the Who’s Who of American Food. 
The book Roadfood has been updated several times; the 10th edition was published in March 2017. Writing in the New York Times Book Review about Two for the Road, the Sterns' memoir of their pursuit of ""road food"", Nora Ephron commented, ""Jane and Michael Stern write about ordinary food so simply and exuberantly that I couldn't help thinking, as I read this latest book of theirs (the 31st), that they deserved a room of their own in the Smithsonian Institution, right next to Julia Child's Cambridge kitchen.""In the years since its first publication, Roadfood has inspired countless other writers, television personalities, and internet bloggers to pay attention to regional fare. In 2000, the Sterns partnered with Stephen Rushmore to create Roadfood.com, the first internet website to include photos with restaurant reviews. In 2015, Roadfood was acquired by Fexy Media of Seattle, Washington. After the sale, the Sterns remained in charge of editorial content of the website.Misha Collins hosted Roadfood: Discovering America One Dish at a Time on PBS."
Ross O'Carroll-Kelly's Guide to (South) Dublin,"Ross O'Carroll-Kelly's Guide to (South) Dublin: How To Get By On, Like, €10,000 A Day is a 2008 faux-travel guide by Irish journalist and author Paul Howard, as part of the Ross O'Carroll-Kelly series. It takes the form of a tourist guide to South Dublin, written by Ross and his friends.The title refers to a common travel guide title, ""How to get by on [amount] a day"", where [amount] is a small sum, e.g. $10."
Roteiro (navigation),"A Roteiro was a Portuguese navigational route description compiled to aid sailors and pilots and used from the 16th to the 19th centuries, an early version of a Baedeker Guide. The Portuguese word 'roteiro' translates as 'route', the French a routier, from which the English word ""rutter"" is derived.
Well-known roteiros are:

Aleixo da Mota's roteiro of the 1600s, describing the route from India along the African coast.
The 1666 Roteiro da India Oriental by Antonio de Maris Carneiro, which describes the coastline from Sofala to Mombasa, noting harbours and sandbars, Cape Finisterre and the Strait of Gibraltar.
The 1823 Roteiro da costa do Maranhaõ ePará by António Gregório de Freitas, covering the coastline of Maranhão and Pará, two northeastern states of Brazil."
Rough Guides,"Founded in 1982, Rough Guides Ltd is a British publisher of print and digital guide book, phrasebooks and inspirational travel reference books, and a provider of personalised trips. Since November 2017, Rough Guides has been owned by APA Publications UK Ltd, the parent company of Insight Guides.
With the company’s personalised trip service encompassing over eighty destinations, and 200 guidebooks covering 180 destinations, Rough Guides is a multi-faceted travel platform, with global sales of 100 million guidebooks since their inception.

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Rude Britain,"Rude Britain (subtitled 100 Rudest Place Names in Britain) is a 2005 book of British place names with seemingly rude or offensive meanings.  The book (ISBN 0-7522-2581-2) is written by Rob Bailey and Ed Hurst, and published in the United Kingdom by the Pan Macmillan imprint Boxtree.
Each of the 100 names chosen by the authors is accompanied by a photograph and a placename etymology.  The etymologies are often due to Great Britain's history of repeated invasion, occupation, and assimilation, combined with a human predilection for double entendres.
Entries include North Piddle (from the Old English word pidele, meaning marsh), Pratt's Bottom, Ugley, Titty Ho, and Spital-in-the-Street (a hamlet in Lincolnshire with a name based on the Middle English spitel, meaning hospital)."
San Sombrèro,"San Sombrèro (subtitled A Land of Carnivals, Cocktails and Coups) is a parody travel guide book examining the eponymous fictional country, described as the birthplace of tinted sunglasses and sequins. This country is set in Central America, and was created by Australian comedic writers Tom Gleisner, Santo Cilauro and Rob Sitch (of The D-Generation and The Panel fame). Along with the other Jetlag Travel volumes, 2003's Molvanîa and 2004's Phaic Tăn, the book parodies both the language of heritage tourism and the legacy of colonialism and imperialism.In Spanish, San Sombrèro would be translated into English as ""Saint Hat"", ""San"" being the shortened word for the Spanish word ""santo"" meaning saint, and ""sombrero"" (no accent mark in real-world Spanish) meaning hat.
According to the book the ""full and technically correct"" name of San Sombrèro is the ""Democratic Free People's United Republic of San Sombrèro"", and citizens may be arrested, without a warrant, if the title is not used."
Satchel Guide,"The Satchel Guide was a series of tourist's travel guide books to Europe, first published in 1872 by Hurd & Houghton of New York. It continued annually until at least 1939. Authors included William Day Crockett, Sarah Gates Crockett, William James Rolfe."
Shecky's,"Shecky's Media, Inc. is an American event promoter and city guide publisher.
Manhattan entrepreneur Chris Hoffman grew Shecky's into a multi-million dollar women-centric media company featuring his Girls' Night Out events that were held in 12 cities across the U.S. Over the years, Hoffman continued to expand Shecky's Girls’ Night Out, and Beauty Week, attracting sponsors looking to advertise to the Shecky's audience. The New York event is held in Manhattan's landmark Puck Building.
In 2006, Shecky's opened a fashion boutique in Manhattan's Lower East Side named Shecky's Shop. Shecky's Shop closed in 2012."
Shell Guides,"The Shell Guides were originally a 20th-century series of guidebooks on the counties of Britain. They were aimed at a new breed of car-driving metropolitan tourist, and for those who sought guides that were neither too serious nor too shallow and who took pleasure in the ordinary and peculiar culture of small town Britain. In the three decades after the Second World War the Shell Guides provided a surreptitiously subversive synthesis of the British countryside."
South American Handbook,"The South American Handbook is a travel guide to South America, published in the United Kingdom by Footprint Books. It is the longest-running travel guide in the English language. In 2010 it was chosen as the Best South American Handbook by Sounds and Colours."
Spartacus International Gay Guide,"The Spartacus International Gay Guide is an international gay travel application and formerly an annually-published guide. It was founded by John D. Stamford in 1970 as a printed guide, before being bought by Bruno Gmünder in 1987 following investigations into Stamford's tax violations and promotion of paedophilia. It was sold to current owners GayGuide UG in 2017, whereupon the guide became digital only, with the printed version ceasing publication."
Spotted by Locals,"Spotted by Locals is a publisher of a series of travel guides (apps & blogs) with up to date tips curated by handpicked locals in 80+ cities in Europe, The Middle East and North America.
The city guides are curated by ""Spotters"" - people who live in the city they write about and speak the local language. All Spotters are selected by founders Sanne & Bart van Poll.
Spotted by Locals provides recommendations submitted by actual local residents on where to eat, shop, be entertained and more. The city guide is aimed at travelers who want to avoid tourist highlights and experience cities like a local.Spotted by Locals has created content for publications such as The Guardian Sueddeutsche Zeitung, The Independent, De Volkskrant, Kathimerini and commercial content licensing partners like Volkswagen.Every 2 years, Spotted by Locals organizes a weekend for its bloggers."
Stanford's Guides,Stanford's Guides (est. 1850s) were a series of travel guide books to England and elsewhere published by Edward Stanford of London.
Rick Steves,"Richard John Steves Jr. (born May 10, 1955) is an American travel writer, author, activist, and television personality. His travel philosophy encourages people to explore less-touristy areas of destinations and to become immersed in the local people's way of life. Since 2000, he has hosted Rick Steves' Europe, a travel series on public television. Steves also has a public radio travel show called Travel with Rick Steves (2005−present) and has authored numerous travel guides, the first of which was the popular Europe Through the Back Door. In 2006, he became a syndicated newspaper columnist, and in 2010, his company released a mobile phone application called ""Rick Steves’ Audio Europe"" containing self-guided walking tours and geographic information.

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Thomas Cook European Timetable,"The European Rail Timetable, more commonly known by its former names, the Thomas Cook European Timetable, the Thomas Cook Continental Timetable or simply Cook's Timetable, is an international timetable of selected passenger rail schedules for every country in Europe, along with a small amount of such content from areas outside Europe.  It also includes regularly scheduled passenger shipping services and a few coach services on routes where rail services are not operated.  Except during World War II and a six-month period in 2013–14, it has been in continuous publication since 1873.  Until 2013 it was published by Thomas Cook Publishing, in the United Kingdom, and since 1883 has been issued monthly.  The longstanding inclusion of ""Continental"" in the title reflected the fact that coverage was, for many years, mostly limited to continental Europe.  Information on rail services in Great Britain was limited to only about 30 pages (out of about 400-plus pages) until 1954 and then omitted entirely until 1970.  June 2011 marked the 1500th edition.Although minor changes to the publication's title have been made over the years, every version included ""Continental"", rather than ""European"", from 1873 through 1987 — except for a brief period (1977–1980) when the coverage was expanded to worldwide and the name became the Thomas Cook International Timetable.  From 1981, most non-European content was moved into a new publication named the Thomas Cook Overseas Timetable. ""Rail"" was added to the title only relatively recently, in 2005, making it the Thomas Cook European Rail Timetable, but its coverage continued to include some non-rail content, such as passenger shipping and ferry timetables.  The Timetable has been recommended by several editors of travel guide books for Europe, one of whom described it as ""the most revered and accurate railway reference in existence"".In 2013, Thomas Cook discontinued publication of the Timetable, in accordance with a decision to close the company's publishing business altogether, and the final Thomas Cook edition was published in August 2013, ending a 140-year run. However, within a few months a new company was formed to take over publication of the Timetable, having secured permission and legal rights from Thomas Cook Group to do so. The new, independent company was named European Rail Timetable Limited. The first issue compiled by the new company was published in March 2014, with the publication title now being European Rail Timetable, no longer including ""Thomas Cook"" in the name.  In 2016, digital editions were introduced, and the number of printed editions per year was reduced from 12 to 6, but with digital issues thereafter being published monthly. In September 2019, Thomas Cook collapsed. The Timetable was unaffected as they no longer published it."
Thorough Guides,
Thrum's Hawaiian Annual,"Thrum's Hawaiian Annual (fully Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide; alternatively All About Hawaii) is a statistical compendium of Hawaiiana ranging from Hawaiian mythology to Hawaiian language to sites of interest in Hawaii, published by Star-Bulletin Printing Co. The original research was compiled by antiquarian bookman Thomas George Thrum and first published in 1875 as The Hawaiian Annual and Almanac.  Contributors to Thrum's Hawaiian Annual include the artist Bessie Wheeler.
In 1908 the Hamilton Library acquired the Thrum Hawaiiana collection."
TourBook,"TourBook is the brand name of a series of United States travel guides published by the American Automobile Association (AAA).  The books are published annually in editions that cover one to five states each (depending on size).  Editions covering Canadian provinces are also available, created in association with the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA). Additional TourBooks have been published for Mexico and the Caribbean. TourBooks are free to AAA and CAA members.
TourBooks provide an overview of each state or province, followed by detailed travel information for each state or province, organized by city.  The books provide listings of major attractions, lodging, and restaurants.  Highlighted attractions are identified with a ""GEM"" icon (""Great Experience for Members"").  Most lodging and restaurants are rated using AAA's ""Diamond"" system, from one to five, with ""one diamond"" indicating basic but adequate facilities and service and ""five diamond"" being reserved for the highest levels of luxury and elegance. Some establishments forgo AAA rating but are included for completeness."
Touring Club Italiano,"The Touring Club Italiano (TCI) (Italian Touring Club or Touring Club of Italy) is the major Italian national tourist organization.
The Touring Club Ciclistico Italiano (TCCI) was founded on 8 November 1894 by a group of bicyclists to promote the values of cycling and travel; its founding president was Luigi Vittorio Bertarelli.  It published its first maps in 1897.  By 1899, it had 16,000 members. With the new century, it promoted tourism in all its forms – including auto tourism – and the appreciation of the natural and urban environments.  Under fascism, starting in 1937, it was forced to Italianize its name to the Consociazione Turistica Italiana.
Through the years, it has produced a wide variety of maps, guidebooks, and more specialized studies, and is known for its high standard of cartography.  Its detailed road maps of Italy are published at 1:200,000, one per region."
Trailblazer (travel),"Trailblazer is an independent British publisher of travel, trekking and railway route-guides. Started by author Bryn Thomas in 1991, it was originally synonymous with the Trans-Siberian Handbook, which for years was the only guide to crossing Asia by rail and remains much respected. Another early success was Mark Elliott and Wil Klass's Asia Overland (1998).The company now publishes guides to long-distance footpaths in the United Kingdom, and hiking and adventure tourism guides to destinations elsewhere.

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Trailblazer Travel Books,"Trailblazer Travel Books a series of five recreational guides for the Hawaiian Islands plus one each for Sierra Nevada, and San Francisco. They are published by California-based Diamond Valley Company and written by Janine and Jerry Sprout. In 2012, they published ""No Worries Paris: A Photographic Walking Guide."" Janine Sprout is of French heritage and has photographed the city over a period of decades."
Turen går til,"Turen går til is a travel guide series published by Politikens Forlag in Copenhagen, Denmark. The meaning of the Danish title is “The trip goes to”. The series is the largest travel guide series in Scandinavia and covers more than 200 destinations around the world. The books are either about countries, regions, or cities. They contain information about the destinations’ history and culture, their attractions, and practical information such as lists of restaurants and hotels, and useful phrases in the local language.
The series started in 1952 with a guidebook to Austria followed in 1953 by guidebooks to France and Italy. By 1958, the series included books on England, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain, as well as on London, Paris, and Rome. The books were published in Danish by Politikens Forlag, in Swedish by Gebers Förlag AB, and in Norwegian by Chr. Skibsteds Forlag. A limited number of guidebooks were also translated to German and sold as Polyglott Reiseführer. By 1962, the travel guides series had sold 373,000 copies."
Turkish Odyssey,"Turkish Odyssey, A Cultural Guide to Turkey is a guidebook written by Şerif Yenen, it is the “first guidebook of Turkey ever written by a Turk”. The book was first published in English in September 1998, the version with a CD-ROM was in 2001, the fourth edition was in 2007. It is translated into Italian, Turkish and German. It is used as textbook and is on suggested reading lists at various universities."
Vinologue,"Vinologue is a publisher of an enotourism guidebook series of the same name.  It was founded by Miquel Hudin in 2007 with the guides are designed to allow those interested in enotourism to visit ""Big Wines from Small Regions"" as they focus exclusively on the wines as well as the gastronomy and local culture of small regions throughout the world.The first Vinologue Guide was for Dalmatia in Croatia and was released in 2008.

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Walking Brooklyn,"Walking Brooklyn: 30 Tours Exploring Historical Legacies, Neighborhood Culture, Side Streets, and Waterways is a book by Adrienne Onofri. It was published in June 2007 by Wilderness Press as one of the first titles in their urban trekking series.
Walking Brooklyn consists of 30 chapters, each providing a walking tour of a Brooklyn area. As described by the Brooklyn Daily Eagle: ""Each walk begins with a map of the area with the appropriate route highlighted, a summary of boundaries, approximate distance of the route and the closest subway stop to begin at, followed by a brief historical introduction to the area. The actual street-by-street (sometimes step-by-step) route guide is then provided in bullet form. The walks are each concluded with a summary of the points of interests described as well as a MapQuest-like route summary.""The New York Times wrote: ""A book about Brooklyn published by the Wilderness Press? Turns out it’s a wonderful idea. ...a charming, practical and informative guide to seeing the familiar and undiscovered features of the borough on foot."" The Daily News said the book ""tells you what’s worth seeing or sampling in each neighborhood and how best to navigate it and where to eat while uncovering historical and cultural nuggets many natives never knew."""
Ward Lock travel guides,"Ward Lock travel guides or Red Guides (1870s–1970s) were tourist guide books to the British Isles and continental Europe published by Ward, Lock & Co. of London. The firm proclaimed them ""amusing and readable"" and the ""cheapest and most trustworthy guides."" To other readers the books were promotional and ""rarely critical."" Compared to similar late 19th century series such as Methuen & Co.'s Little Guides, the Ward Lock guides emphasized ""travel practicalities.""

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Weird US (book series),"Weird US is a series of guide books written by various authors and published by Sterling Publishing of New York City. The series originated with Weird NJ, a magazine published by Mark Moran and Mark Sceurman that chronicles local legends and other peculiarities in New Jersey. The growing popularity of the magazine resulted in the publication of a book written by Moran and Sceurman, Weird NJ: Your Travel Guide to New Jersey's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets. After the book was released, Moran and Sceurman began receiving letters from individuals across the United States, detailing oddities from their home states, which prompted Moran and Sceurman to create Weird US.The Weird US book series spawned a television series of the same name that aired on the History Channel from 2004 to 2005. As of July 2011, all but seventeen states (Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, West Virginia and Wyoming) have been covered within individual books. There are also two books about hauntings and one book about unusual features of England."
WordTravels,"Launched in 2001, Word Travels has become one of the most popular independent series of travel guides available on the internet. The guides were originally developed for use within travel agencies, offering travel consultants information on thousands of worldwide destinations. Word Travels makes most of its content available online, offering guides to more than 1000 worldwide destinations, from Azerbaijan to Zurich. A key feature of the site is the Word Travels Forum, where travellers questions get answered by travel professionals within each destination. Word Travels produces the travel guides found on many of the most popular airline, hotel and travel agency websites.
The Word Travels guides are now available as iPhone Apps and on the Kindle store.
Word Travels is published by Globe Media Limited, a privately held company with offices in both London and Cape Town. Globe Media also produces the Expat Arrivals city guides, which are used widely within the relocation industry and are relied upon as a vital source of information by their clients."
WPA Guides,
Zagat,"The Zagat Survey, commonly referred to as Zagat (stylized in all caps; , zə-GAT) and established by Tim and Nina Zagat in 1979, is an organization which collects and correlates the ratings of restaurants by diners. For their first guide, covering New York City, the Zagats surveyed their friends. At its height around 2005, the Zagat Survey included 70 cities, with reviews based on the input of 250,000 individuals with the guides reporting on and rating restaurants, hotels, nightlife, shopping, zoos, museums, music, movies, theaters, golf courses, and airlines. The guides are sold in book form, and were formerly only available as a paid subscription on the Zagat website.
As part of its more than $150 million acquisition by Google in September 2011, Zagat's offering of reviews and ratings became a part of Google's Geo and Commerce group, eventually to be tightly integrated into Google's services. Google relaunched Zagat's website on July 29, 2013, with an improved interface, but cut down the site from 30 cities to nine. They released a searchable database of reviews from the other 21 cities in the following days while they worked on expanding to include more cities in the new site. In December 2012, Google announced that it would lay off most former full-time Zagat employees that were previously extended as contractors at the time of the acquisition, leading to prophetic business reports describing the future of Zagat book production as bleak, and subsequent business news reports recording the contraction of their print businesses. Regardless, Google's acquisition and integration of Zagat provided it with a strong brand in local restaurant recommendations and ample content for location-based searches.On March 6, 2018, Google sold the company to restaurant discovery platform The Infatuation for an undisclosed amount.

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Travel website,"A travel website is a website that provides travel reviews, trip fares, or a combination of both. Over 1.5 billion people book travel per year, 70% of which is done online."
Defense Travel System,"The Defense Travel System (DTS) is a software application used by the U.S. Department of Defense which allows defense travelers to manage their commercial travel in accordance with the government's Joint Travel Regulations.Travelers can create authorizations (TDY travel orders), prepare travel reservations, receive approvals, generate travel vouchers, and receive a split reimbursement between their bank accounts and the Government Travel Charge Card (GTCC) vendor.
DTS operates at over 9,500 total sites worldwide, and on average, DTS processes more than 25,000 transactions while approximately 100,000 unique users access it on a daily basis. Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) Program Management Office DTS (PMO-DTS) has the program oversight (acquisition, technical, operation and maintenance) oversight of DTS while the Defense Travel Management Office (DTMO) has functional oversight.

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DiscoverCars.com,"DiscoverCars.com (known as Discover Car Hire until 2019) is an international car rental website that provides rental car bookings. The company was founded in 2013 in Latvia. The main headquarters of DiscoverCars.com is located in Riga, Latvia.

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Hitchwiki,"Hitchwiki is ""a collaborative project to build a free guide for hitchhikers"". It is an international exchange for information about hitchhiking in many countries, and contains specific tips, for example, for hitchhiking out of the large cities, general information about equipment, safety and strategies to quickly and efficiently hitchhike. There are also personal profiles of the hitchhikers, travel stories, photos, blogs and discussion forums. According to the Guardian, it is part of an ""internet-fueled revival"" of hitchhiking.The project was started on April 14, 2005, abandoned for a while and then moved to Wikia. In November 2006, it was moved to hitchwiki.org and relaunched as Hitchwiki; at the same time versions of it in other languages were started. As of January 2015 there are 3,129 articles on the English language Hitchwiki, while the site is already available in other languages, notably German, which had 1205 articles in Jan 2015, but also smaller wikis in Spanish, French, Finnish, Portuguese, Bulgarian and Russian. The website makes use of MediaWiki, WordPress and BuddyPress and allows anonymous edits. Database dumps of the articles are available for download."
In Your Pocket City Guides,"In Your Pocket City Guides is a publisher of free guide books for many European cities, available in print, via website or via mobile app. It also publishes guide books for major events in Europe including the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship. It is based in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Guide books can be downloaded from the website free of charge in PDF. Guide books are also provided in video format on YouTube.The first In Your Pocket city guide, Vilnius In Your Pocket was written by German journalist Matthias Lüfkens and Belgian brothers George, Oliver, and Nicolas Ortiz in Vilnius, Lithuania and published in December 1991.

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Intermiles,"InterMiles was the airline's frequent-flyer program of Jet Airways (Jet Privilege Private Limited, (JPPL)) that ceased operations in April 2019, in which 50.1% stake is held by Etihad Airways, part of the Etihad Aviation Group.  InterMiles is an independent, loyalty and rewards company formed in 2014. The program has about 10 million members.InterMiles' main feature is allowing users to make online travel booking for flights and hotels through its app and website, and get rewarded as they earn and redeem InterMiles. Later, InterMiles added features to allow users to shopping, dine, fuel and introduced co-brand credit cards in India."
Journey planner,"A journey planner, trip planner, or route planner is a specialized search engine used to find an optimal means of travelling between two or more given locations, sometimes using more than one transport mode. Searches may be optimized on different criteria, for example fastest, shortest, fewest changes, cheapest. They may be constrained, for example, to leave or arrive at a certain time, to avoid certain waypoints, etc. A single journey may use a sequence of several modes of transport, meaning the system may know about public transport services as well as transport networks for private transportation. Trip planning or journey planning is sometimes distinguished from route planning, which is typically thought of as using private modes of transportation such as cycling, driving, or walking, normally using a single mode at a time. Trip or journey planning, in contrast, would make use of at least one public transport mode which operates according to published schedules; given that public transport services only depart at specific times (unlike private transport which may leave at any time), an algorithm must therefore not only find a path to a destination, but seek to optimize it so as to minimize the waiting time incurred for each leg. In European Standards such as Transmodel, trip planning is used specifically to describe the planning of a route for a passenger, to avoid confusion with the completely separate process of planning the operational journeys to be made by public transport vehicles on which such trips are made.
Trip planners have been widely used in the travel industry since the 1970s, by booking agents. The growth of the internet, the proliferation of geospatial data, and the development of information technologies generally has led to the rapid development of many self-service app or browser-based, on-line intermodal trip planners.
A trip planner may be used in conjunction with ticketing and reservation systems."
Living in Tehran,"Living in Tehran (LiT) (Persian: لیوینگ این تهران ) is the first independent English language travel magazine that provides resources about traveling and living in Tehran, Iran, since 2017.
The publication started with a team of journalists from different backgrounds, including the Financial Tribune, the English-language television channel Press TV, and other Iranian apolitical cultural publications.
Serving the rapidly growing expatriate population in Tehran, Living in Tehran's readership has grown significantly over the past decade. It now extends abroad due to the large expatriate Iranian population in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Based in northern Tehran."
Online travel auction,"The term online travel auction is a system of buying and selling travel products and services online by offering them up for auction and then awarding the item to the highest bidder. The need for travel auctions emanated principally due to the high cost of travel. This high cost is also what led to the growth in popularity of low-cost carriers, a concept initially pioneered by Southwest Airlines, and later mimicked by Ryanair.
As with a standard auction, the bidders, having made a judgment on how much a particular voyage is worth to them, place their bid over a set period of time. At the end of this period of time, the highest bidder wins the product at whatever price is finally reached. There are many variations to the way in which Auctions are carried out.
Like a number of other travel websites, travel auction sites pull their stock inventory in from a wide variety of suppliers. The range of products may include cruises, package holidays, hotels and flights."
Secret Flying,Secret Flying is an informational website that alerts its users about cheap airline tickets.
TangaReef,"TangaReef is a company providing online booking for scuba diving, snorkeling and freediving around the world. The service allows tourists to find dive centers based on location, activities and instruction language. Divers can conveniently make bookings online as well as review and rate dive centers. TangaReef has been compared to Hotels.com, with a focus on dive centers. The website is currently in English. It provides online bookings for more than 60 dive centers (February 2013) in popular tourist destinations such as Thailand, the Philippines, Egypt, and the Caribbean with Mexico, Curaçao, Colombia, the Virgin Islands and Jamaica.
Customers can book scuba diving courses, fun diving, day trips, freediving and snorkeling excursions. The selection of courses ranges from beginner level and try-outs to advanced level Rescue Diver courses. Certified divers can book fun diving packages for one or multiple days. TangaReef works with dive centers accredited by PADI, SSI, CMAS and NAUI.
Dive centers are sorted and filtered based on criteria such as customer reviews, quality, safety and care for the oceans."
Wikivoyage,"Wikivoyage is a free web-based travel guide for travel destinations and travel topics written by volunteer authors. It is a sister project of Wikipedia and supported and hosted by the same non-profit Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). Wikivoyage has been called the ""Wikipedia of travel guides"".The project began when editors at the German and then Italian versions of Wikitravel decided in September 2006 to move their editing activities and then current content to a new site, in accordance with the site copyright license, a procedure known as ""forking"". The resulting site went live as ""Wikivoyage"" on December 10, 2006, and was owned and operated by a German association set up for that purpose, Wikivoyage e.V. (which continues to be its representative association). Content was published under the copyleft license Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike.
In 2012, after a long history of problems with their existing host, the English-language version community of Wikitravel also decided as a community to fork their project. In a two-way move, the English Wikitravel community re-merged with Wikivoyage under the Wikivoyage brand. In addition, all Wikivoyage language versions moved their operations to be hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization hosting several of the world's largest wiki-based communities such as Wikipedia. Following agreements by the various communities involved and the Wikimedia Foundation, the site was moved to the WMF servers in December 2012 and the whole of Wikivoyage was officially re-launched as a Wikimedia project on January 15, 2013, the day of the 12th anniversary of Wikipedia's launch."
Travel literature,"The genre of travel literature or travelogue encompasses outdoor literature, guide books, nature writing, and travel memoirs.One early travel memoirist in Western literature was Pausanias, a Greek geographer of the 2nd century CE. In the early modern period, James Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides (1786) helped shape travel memoir as a genre.

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American Journals,"American Journals (Journaux de voyage) is an autobiographical book by the French Nobel laureate Albert Camus. It was published in the original French in 1978 and in an English translation in 1987. Camus describes his journeys in North and South America. He travelled in the United States from March to May 1946, and in Latin America from June to August 1949. While he was in Latin America, he suffered from a tuberculosis crisis. Roger Quilliot edited the book.

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Disneyland with the Death Penalty,"""Disneyland with the Death Penalty"" is a 4,500-word article about Singapore written by William Gibson. His first major piece of non-fiction, it was first published as the cover story for Wired magazine's September/October 1993 issue (1.4).The article follows Gibson's observations of the architecture, phenomenology and culture of Singapore, and the clean, bland and conformist impression the city-state conveys during his stay. Its title and central metaphor—Singapore as Disneyland with the death penalty—is a reference to the authoritarian artifice the author perceives the city-state to be. Singapore, Gibson details, is lacking any sense of creativity or authenticity, absent of any indication of its history or underground culture. He finds the government to be pervasive, corporatist and technocratic, and the judicial system rigid and draconian. Singaporeans are characterized as consumerists of insipid taste. The article is accentuated by local news reports of criminal trials by which the author illustrates his observations, and bracketed by contrasting descriptions of the Southeast Asian airports he arrives and leaves by.
Though Gibson's first major piece of non-fiction, the article had an immediate and lasting impact. The Singaporean government banned Wired upon the publication of the issue. The phrase ""Disneyland with the death penalty"" came to stand internationally for an authoritarian and austere reputation that the city-state found difficult to shake off."
Edward Stanford Travel Writing Awards,"The Edward Stanford Travel Writing Awards celebrate the best travel writing and travel writers in the world. The awards include the Stanford Dolman Travel Book of the Year and the Edward Stanford Award for Outstanding Contribution to Travel Writing.
The Stanford Dolman Travel Book of the Year was previously called Dolman Best Travel Book Award (2006-2014). The award is named after Edward Stanford and is sponsored by Stanfords, a travel books and map store established in London in 1853. The Stanford Dolman Travel Book of the Year is one of the two principal annual travel book awards in Britain, and the only one that is open to all writers. The other award is that made each year by the British Guild of Travel Writers, but that is limited to authors who are members of the Guild.
The first Dolman award was given in 2006, just two years after the only other travel book award - the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award which ran for 25 years - was abandoned by its sponsor. From its founding through 2014, the £1,000 to £2,500 prize was organized by the Authors' Club and was sponsored by and named after club member William Dolman. Beginning in 2015, a new sponsor Stanfords, a travel book store, was established along with an increase to £5,000 for the winner."
FIJET,"FIJET (Fédération Internationale des Journalistes et Ecrivains du Tourisme; in English World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers) is a professional organization of travel journalists and travel writers.

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Historical Archive on Tourism,"The Historical Archive on Tourism (HAT, German: Historisches Archiv zum Tourismus) is sited in the city of Berlin at the Technische Universität Berlin where it is housed at the Center for Metropolitan Studies (CMS) and the Zentrum Technik und Gesellschaft (ZTG). The HAT had been founded in 1986/87 at the Freie Universität Berlin; in 2011 international protests helped to avert a planned shut-down of the archive and the following year it moved from the Free to the Technical University. Since 1999 the HAT is headed by the historian Hasso Spode and co-financed by the Willy-Scharnow-Foundation.
Step-by-step the collection was enlarged with material about historical travel and tourism research. Today the length of the shelves amounts to some 600 running meters. The focus of the material is not so much on ""travel"" generally but on ""tourism"" as a special sort of travelling. The HAT is gathering various materials ranging from Baedekers to private photo albums. In particular, there is an extensive collection of flyers and other so-called ephemera. Mainly, the material stems from Central Europe, but specifically from Germany. However, other parts of the world are also represented, e.g. Southern Africa or USA.
Over 50,000 leaflets are stored, and more than 250 journals and some 12,000 books are registered. In addition statistics, posters and maps are gathered. The bulk of the material is from the 19th and 20th century, some books date back to around 1600. No OPAC is installed but lists of titles are published in the Internet."
Imaginary voyage,"An imaginary voyage is a kind of narrative in which utopian or satirical representation (or some popular science content) is put into a fictional frame of travel account.
It is a very archaic narrative technique preceding romance and novelistic forms. Two known examples from Greek literature are Euhemerus' Sacred History and Iambulus’ Islands of the Sun. Their utopian islands are apparently modeled from mythological Fortunate Isles.
Lucian's True History parodizes the whole genre of imaginary voyage, and in his foreword Lucian cites Iambulus as one of objects of parody. Photius states though in his Bibliotheca that its main object was Antonius Diogenes' The incredible wonders beyond Thule, a genre blending of fantastic voyage and Greek romance which popularized Pythagorean teachings.
The spread of exotic travel writing in the medieval West in the 13th century, created a niche for fantastic tales of imaginary voyages presented as real autobiographical accounts. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville (c. 1357) and the Itinerarius of Johannes Witte de Hese (c. 1400) are representative of this late medieval tendency.
The first to revive this form in the Modern era was Thomas More in his Utopia (1515), to be followed a century later by proliferation of utopian islands: Johannes Valentinus Andreae's Reipublicae Christianopolitanae descriptio (1619), Tommaso Campanella's The City of the Sun (1623), Francis Bacon's New Atlantis (1627), Jacob Bidermann's Utopia (1640), Denis Vairasse' The history of the Sevarambi (1675), Gabriel de Foigny's La Terre australe connue (1676), Gabriel Daniel's Voyage du monde de Descartes (1690), François Lefebvre's Relation du voyage de l’isle d’Eutopie (1711), as well as many others.
Lucian's satirical line was exploited by François Rabelais' Gargantua and Pantagruel (1532) and developed later on in Joseph Hall's Mundus Alter et Idem (1607), François Hédelin's Histoire du temps (1654), Cyrano de Bergerac's Histoire comique contenant les États et Empires de la Lune (1657) and Fragments d’histoire comique contenant les États et Empires  du Soleil (1662), Charles Sorel's Nouvelle Découverte du Royaume de Frisquemore (1662), Margaret Cavendish's The Blazing World (1666), Joshua Barnes' Gerania (1675), Bernard de Fontenelle's Relation de l’île de Bornéo (1686), Daniel Defoe's The Consolidator (1705), and most notably in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726).
Imaginary voyage has become a natural medium for promoting new astronomic ideas. First literary space flights after Lucian were: Juan Maldonado's Somnium (1541), Johann Kepler's Somnium (1634), Francis Godwin's The Man in the Moone (1638), John Wilkins' The Discovery of a World in the Moone (1638), Athanasius Kircher's Itinerarium extaticum (1656), David Russen's Iter lunare (1703), Diego de Torres Villarroel's 	Viaje fantástico (1723), Eberhard Kindermann's Die geschwinde Reise auf dem Luftschiff nach der obern Welt (1744) - the first flight to planets, Robert Paltock's The life and adventures of Peter Wilkins (1751), Voltaire's Micromégas (1752)."
Lowell Thomas Travel Journalism Awards,"The Lowell Thomas Travel Journalism Awards are administered by the U.S.-based  Society of American Travel Writers Foundation (SATW Foundation), a nonprofit organization founded in the early 1980s to recognize excellence in travel journalism. The first awards were given in 1985 for work done in 1984. The competition is named after Lowell Thomas,  the celebrated 20th century travel journalist and broadcaster. It is open to journalists from around the world and is considered one of the premier professional awards programs for travel journalists and communicators. Entrants (in the early 2020s, more than 1200 annually) include major media outlets, staff writers and editors, freelancers, book authors, digital communicators, and journalism fellows from such institutions as the Pulitzer Center. The competition honors works in more than two dozen categories, including print, digital, audio, video and photography. Winners are announced at the SATW (Society of America Travel Writers) annual convention and receive cash prizes.
The competition attracts entries from, and is covered by, major media, including the New York Times, Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Orange County Register, Washington Post,Cleveland Plain Dealer, Oregonian, Outside magazine, and Globe and Mail.

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Luso-Germanic literature,"Luso-Germanic literature comprises those literary texts written in the German language in Brazil. It may also include literature authored in Portuguese by German-speaking colonialists and settlers of Brazil. This includes literature written by descendants of Germany, Austria and the German-speaking part of Switzerland. In Portuguese it is known as literatura teuto-brasileira, and in German as deutschbrasilianische Literatur.
Luso-Germanic books may be printed either in Latin script or in Fraktur. Luso-Germanic works are generally composed in Standard German; however, it is not unusual for Brazilian Portuguese words to also be used.

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Pomme d'Or,"The Pomme d'Or (French: golden apple) is a prize for excellence in the tourism industry awarded by FIJET, the European association of professional travel writers and journalists. It is awarded yearly to an organization, location or person for recognising superior efforts in promoting and raising the level of tourism.
List of recipients:
1971 - Italy, Sicily
1971 - Belgium, Bokrijk
1971 - Netherlands, Efteling
1972 - Yugoslavia, Sveti Stefan
1972 - Hungary, Estergone
1972 - Ireland, ""horse carriage excursions/holidays""
1973 - France, Thoiry-en-Yvelines
1973 - Belgium, Arthur Haulot (General Commissioner of Tourism)
1974 - United Kingdom, York
1975 - Romania, Bukovina
1976 - Germany, Rothenburg ob der Tauber
1977 - Not presented
1978 - Yugoslavia, Sarajevo
1979 - Bulgaria, Rila Monastery
1980 - France, Pézenas
1981 - Spain, Robert Lonati (Secretary General of World Tourism Organization - WTO)
1982 - Russia, Suzdal
1983 - Finland, Turku
1984 - Turkey, Antalya
1985 - Spain, Palos de la Frontera
1986 - Poland, Kraków
1987 - Cyprus, Nicosia
1988 - Portugal, Funchal/Madeira and Greece, Mont Pelion
1989 - Not presented
1990 - Colombia, Cartagena de Indias
1991 - Tunisia, Utinah
1992 - Not presented
1993 - Belgium, Antwerpen
1994 - Egypt, South Sinai
1995 - Cuba, Santiago de Cuba
1996 - Spain, Caceres
1996 - Dubrovnik, Croatia
1997 - Russia, Moscow and Yuri Luzhkov (ex-mayor of Moscow)
1998 - Not presented
1999 - Not presented
2000 - Belgium, Mol Lake District
2001 - Lebanon, City of Tyr
2002 - Egypt, Sharm el Sheikh
2003 - Turkey, Nemrut Dag
2004 - Czech Republic, Brno
2005 - Croatia, Split
2006 - Spain, Calpe
2009 - Spain, Cantabria & three locations in Romania: Sibiu, Danube Delta and Blue Air
2010 - Egypt, Luxor
2011 - Croatia
2012 - Caltagirone (Italy), Hamamönü (Turkey), Alexandria (Egypt), Foundation Kobarov (Slovenia) and Český Krumlov
2013 - Opatija (Croatia)
2014 - Targu Jiu (Romania)
2015 - Dubrovnik (Croatia); Moscow city (Russia), Palic (Serbia)
2016 - Ypres (Belgium), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Plovdiv (Bulgaria)
2017  - Kazan (Russia), Bratislava (Slovakia), Konya (Turkey)
2018 - Palermo, Ekaterineburg (Russia),  Dyarbakir (Turkey)
2023 - Timișoara (Romania)

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Proskynetarion,"A proskynetarion (Greek προσκυνητάριον, plural proskynetaria; from προσκύνησις, proskynesis, lit. 'kiss towards something') is a term suggesting worship and reverence, which has several concrete applications.

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Thomas Cook Travel Book Award,"The Thomas Cook Travel Book Award originated as an initiative of Thomas Cook AG in 1980, with the aim of encouraging and rewarding the art of literary travel writing. The awards stopped in 2005 (2004 being the last year an award was given). One year later, the only other travel book award in Britain, the Dolman Best Travel Book Award, began in 2006.

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Travel documentary,"A travel documentary is a documentary film, television program, or online series that describes travel in general or tourist attractions without recommending particular package deals or tour operators. A travelogue film is an early type of travel documentary, serving as an exploratory ethnographic film. Ethnographic films have been made for the spectators to see the other half to relate with the world in relative relations. These films are a spectacle to see beyond the cultural differences as explained by the Allison Griffith in her journal.  Before 1930s, it was difficult to see the importance of documentary films in Hollywood cinema but 1930s brought about a change in the history of these films with the popularity of independent filmmakers.
The genre has been represented by television shows such as Across the Seven Seas, which showcased travelogues produced by third parties, and by occasional itinerant presentations of travelogues in theaters and other venues. 
The British comedian and actor Michael Palin has made several series in this genre beginning with Around the World in 80 Days (1989). PBS has several travel shows including those hosted by Rick Steves and Burt Wolf.

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180 Degrees South: Conquerors of the Useless,"180 Degrees South: Conquerors of the Useless, or simply 180° South, is a 2010 documentary directed by Chris Malloy that covers the journey of Jeff Johnson as he travels from Ventura, California to Patagonia, Chile. He retraces the 1968 trip that Yvon Chouinard and Doug Tompkins took in their Ford E-Series Econoline Van with the end goal of climbing Fitz Roy, one of the more difficult climbs in the Andes. After finding footage of the 1968 expedition, Johnson decided to make climbing the Corcovado Volcano in Patagonia his own goal and, after speaking to Chouinard and Tompkins, planned his own journey.
The subtitle of the film comes from Lionel Terray's mountaineering autobiography, Les Conquérants de l'inutile or Conquistadors of the Useless (1961). Terray was the first to summit Fitz Roy, in 1952, and his book was influential with Chouinard and Tompkins.

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La 628-E8,"La 628-E8 is a novel by the French novelist and playwright Octave Mirbeau, published by Fasquelle in 1907. Part travelogue, part fantasy, part cultural commentary and critique, Mirbeau's book highlights its own unclassifiability: ""Is it a diary?”, the narrator wonders. ""Is it even the account of a trip?”"
"1,000 Places to See Before You Die (TV series)","1000 Places to See Before You Die is a documentary series that was shown on the Travel Channel as well as Discovery HD Theater (now Velocity HD) in 2007.  The show, hosted by Albin and Melanie Ulle, travels around the world to showcase some of the Earth's vast beauty.  The program also explores the diverse cultures of several amazing countries and approximately 100 of the 1,000 Places from the book, with an eye towards unearthing local charms and traditions."
A Broad Abroad,"A Broad Abroad is an adventure travel webseries on Yahoo! Travel hosted by Paula Froelich which launched on September 8, 2014. The 5-minute videos follow Froelich to destinations on every continent where she interviews local residents to learn about their unique culture."
Amazing Vacation Homes,"Amazing Vacation Homes is a documentary-styled homestead and travel series on the Travel Channel that debuted in October 2004.  The first two seasons of the show were hosted by Tom Jourden.  In 2006, hosting duties were taken over by Didiayer Snyder, and the number of featured homes was reduced from three to two."
Another Look at East and Southeast Turkey,"The book Another Look at North Kurdistan - A traveller's Handbook is coordinated by Kameel Ahmady, an anthropologist and British Iranian researcher, and was published in Turkey in 2009. This book was researched and written based on the observations of the Kurdish author of Iranian origin along with his other colleagues from these Kurdish regions of Turkey. This book is the result of one of the first researches that the author has done during his research activities.By writing this book and conducting other field research in the Kurdistan regions of Turkey, Ahmady has won awards from the cultural and social institutions of these regions."
Biblical Researches in Palestine,"Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea (1841 edition), also Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions (1856 edition), was a travelogue of 19th-century Palestine and the magnum opus of the ""Father of Biblical Geography"", Edward Robinson. The work was published simultaneously in England, the United States (dedicated to Moses Stuart) and Germany (dedicated to Carl Ritter).The work identified numerous Biblical localities for the first time, as well as significant Jerusalem archaeological sites such as Robinson's Arch (subsequently named for the author), and undertook the first scientific surveys of other sites such as the Siloam tunnel.Robinson received a Royal Geographical Society Patron's Medal as a result of his work.
The work was accompanied by the Kiepert maps of Palestine and Jerusalem."
Crazy Cruise,"Crazy Cruise is a 1942 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon. The short was released on March 14, 1942.It was directed by Tex Avery and Bob Clampett, whose names do not appear on the surviving print of the cartoon. Because Tex left the studio for Paramount Pictures in September 1941 before production was completed (it was the last he worked on), Clampett finished it, and both names were officially left off the credits. The only credits given are the story by Michael Maltese, animation by Rod Scribner, and musical direction by Carl Stalling.

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Cruise Confidential,"Cruise Confidential is the first book in the eponymous series by author Brian David Bruns, published in 2008 by Travelers' Tales (a division of Solas House). Its full title is Cruise Confidential: A Hit Below the Waterline: Where the Crew Lives, Eats, Wars, and Parties — One Crazy Year Working on Cruise Ships.
Cruise Confidential provoked a discussion about the merits of cruise lines' exploitation of workers. The book received positive reviews for its humor and for its giving an insider look at the experience of working on cruise ships. It attracted criticism from reviewers for Bruns' focus on repeatedly describing the attractive women he met on the ship. Bruns wrote three sequels to the book: Ship for Brains (2011), Unsinkable Mister Brown (2012), and High Seas Drifter (2014)."
Deshe Bideshe,"Deshe Bideshe (Bengali: দেশে বিদেশে) is the first book and one of the most famous works of Bengali author, journalist, travel enthusiast, academician, scholar and linguist Syed Mujtaba Ali. The book describes his experience on his stay in Kabul from 1927 to 1929 and was originally published serially during 1948 in the Indian weekly magazine Desh, New Age Publishers Pvt. Ltd. of Kolkata published it in book form the same year.An English translation by Nazes Afroz, the former BBC executive editor of South and Central Asia, was published by Speaking Tiger Books as In a Land Far from Home in 2015. The book was shortlisted for the Raymond Crossword Book Award 2016.

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Eatyourkimchi,"Eatyourkimchi (Eat Your Kimchi, also titled Simon and Martina from 2016–2020) is a YouTube video blog channel created by Canadian expatriates Simon Stawski and Martina Sazunic in 2008. The channel featured videos about their lives in South Korea, including food, cultural differences, and popular media. In 2012, they registered Eatyourkimchi as a company in South Korea and opened their own studio in Seoul, which remained operational until 2015.
In 2016, Stawski and Sazunic moved to Tokyo, Japan and produced a video series on Japanese food and culture titled Eatyoursushi. Their channel was rebranded as Simon and Martina to reflect the change. In 2021, the two had renamed their YouTube channel back to Eatyourkimchi and announced they had divorced, with Sazunic eventually leaving the channel in 2022.
In May 2018, the channel had 1.3 million subscribers.

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The Emerald Route,"The Emerald Route is a travelogue by R. K. Narayan. It was published by Indian Thought Publications in 1980. It is a pseudo-travel guide for Karnataka, India. The book was commissioned by the Government of Karnataka, and the initial non-commercial version was published in 1977 as part of a government publication. The book is focused on local history, culture and heritage, and does not exhibit much of Narayan's characteristic personal narrative."
Experience Punjab — On the Road,"Experience Punjab - On The Road is a 2014 non-fiction book written by Puneetinder Kaur Sidhu. The book was published in 2014 by Times Group Books.

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Finding Farley,"Finding Farley is a 2009 documentary directed by Leanne Allison as she and her husband Karsten Heuer travel across Canada in the literary footsteps of the Canadian writer Farley Mowat.
Heuer, a biologist and author, had written a book on his experiences making the documentary Being Caribou, in which he and Allison traveled 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) by foot across Arctic tundra following a herd of 120,000 Porcupine caribou. After reading a draft of Heuer's account, Mowat invited them to visit him at his summer farm in Cape Breton Island.Accompanied by their two-year-old son Zev and dog Willow, the couple left their home in Canmore in May 2007 for a 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi), six-month trek east across Canada. From Canmore, 100 kilometres west of Calgary, they canoed to Hudson Bay, visiting many of the settings that Mowat wrote about in Never Cry Wolf, Lost in the Barrens and People of the Deer. From Hudson Bay, their plan was to travel by sea to northern Labrador, the setting of Mowat's stories such as The Serpent's Coil, Grey Seas Under, Sea of Slaughter and A Whale for the Killing. From Newfoundland and Labrador they planned a final journey by water, arriving at Cape Breton near the end of October. Finding Farley was the top film at the 2010 Banff Mountain Film Festival, receiving both the Grand Prize and People's Choice awards.

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Galapagos (film),"Galapagos is a 1955 travel and nature documentary film made by explorer Thor Heyerdahl, showing the flora and fauna of the Galapagos archipelago."
Getaway (TV series),"Getaway is Australia's longest-running travel and lifestyle television program. Debuting on 14 May 1992, it is broadcast on the Nine Network and TLC. Its main competitor was The Great Outdoors on the Seven Network until 2009. 
The first season looked at only tourism locally, including resorts and locations, but by 1993 had expanded to look at international travel and tourism destinations.

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Google Maps Road Trip,"Google Maps Road Trip was a live-streaming documentary produced by Marc Horowitz and Peter Baldes between August 10 and August 18, 2009. The event represented the first virtual live-streaming broadcast cross-country road trip: using only Google Maps, the pair drove from Los Angeles to Richmond, Virginia. They were interviewed by NPR Weekend Edition for their innovative ""vacation"". They were also mentioned in The New York Times, India's The Economic Times, The Faster Times and Readymade Magazine's blog. They streamed live on ustream.tv.
Google Maps Road Trip was part of the 6th annual Conflux festival in 2009 held at New York University in the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development as part of Psy-Geo-Conflux."
Conrad Grünenberg,"Conrad Grünenberg, also spelled Konrad, Grünemberg, Grünberg (probably born around 1415; died 1494) was a patrician from Constance in southern Germany, known as the author of three books, two  armorials and a travelogue: the Österreichische Wappenchronik (lit. ""Austrian armorial chronicle"", c. 1470); the Wappenbuch (lit. ""Book of coat-of-arms"", c. 1483), containing some 2000 coats-of-arms, which he presented as a gift to Emperor Frederick III; and the illustrated description of his 1486 pilgrimage to Jerusalem (extant in two original manuscripts, both from 1487, the Karlsruhe and the Gotha codices).

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Helicopter Canada,"Helicopter Canada (aka Hélicoptère Canada) is a 1966 Canadian documentary film  produced by the National Film Board of Canada and directed by Eugene Boyko. The film features aerial photography of all ten of Canada's provinces. Helicopter Canada, sponsored by the Canada's Centennial Commission, was produced for international distribution in both French and English language versions for Canada's 100th anniversary.

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"The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia","The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia is a travelogue of 19th-century Palestine and the magnum opus of Scottish painter David Roberts. It contains 250 lithographs by Louis Haghe of Roberts's watercolor sketches. It was first published by subscription between 1842 and 1849, in two separate publications: The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea and Arabia and Egypt and Nubia. William Brockedon and George Croly wrote much of the text, Croly writing the historical, and Brockedon the descriptive portions.
Described as ""one of the art-publishing sensations of the mid-Victorian period"", it exceeded all other earlier lithographic projects in scale, and was one of the most expensive publications of the nineteenth century. Haghe has been described by the Metropolitan Museum of Art as ""the best and most prolific lithographer of the time""According to Professor Annabel Wharton, it has ""proved to be the most pervasive and enduring of the nineteenth-century renderings of the East circulated in the West."""
Imperium (Kapuściński book),"Imperium (English: ""Empire""), published in 1993, is a book by Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuściński about his travels to the Soviet Union, and more broadly about his personal relationship with that country. Its English translation (by Klara Glowczewska) was first published in 1994. The book is both a personal travelogue and a memoir, divided into three parts.

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Indigo Traveller,"Indigo Traveller is the brand of New Zealand travel documentary filmmaker Nick Fisher. His travel films are posted to YouTube and features trips to North Korea, Somalia, Venezuela, Ukraine, Yemen, Brazil, Nigeria, Haiti and more. Fisher was 26 in 2018. He is one of the best known travel vloggers in the world. He has about 1.87 million subscribers on his YouTube channel as of May 13, 2023.He has travelled to areas considered dangerous or poor. He is currently based in Hungary.In 2020, he was touring Tripoli, Lebanon, when a shooting broke out.

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Inside Fighting Canada,"Inside Fighting Canada is an 11-minute 1942 Canadian documentary film, made by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) as part of the wartime Canada Carries On series. The film, directed by Jane Marsh and produced by James Beveridge, was an account of the Canadian military during the Second World War. The film's French version title is Canada en guerre."
Journey to Mecca,"Journey to Mecca: In the Footsteps of Ibn Battuta is an IMAX (""giant screen"") dramatised documentary film charting the first real-life journey made by the Islamic scholar Ibn Battuta from his native Morocco to Mecca for the Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage), in 1325."
Keralathile Africa,"Keralathile Africa which literally means ""Africa in Kerala"" is a Malayalam language book written by Indian civil rights activist K. Panoor. In the book, he narrated the annoying scenes he saw during his official journey. The book, which depicts the realities of tribal life, caused a great deal of controversy. The book was published in 1963. It has become an important resource for students, researchers and government officials alike.The book narrates the life of Wayanad before the migration from Travancore in the middle of the 20th century. This book, which belongs to the travel literature category, is divided into seven chapters and deals with the customs, practices and beliefs of various tribal communities in Wayanad district such as Adiyar, Kurichyar, Korakar, Paniyar, Kattu Nayakans and Kurumar and their living environment. The book is still an authoritative document in the field of tribal studies and research. The book is used as textbook in universities in Kerala.

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Kintaro Walks Japan,"Kintaro Walks Japan is a documentary film produced and directed by Tyler MacNiven.  It is an account of MacNiven's journey walking and backpacking the entire length of Japan from Kyūshū to Hokkaidō, more than 2000 miles in 145 days.
MacNiven cited three reasons for the journey. On his first trip to Japan in 2002, he fell in love with the country. It was on this trip that a friend nicknamed him ""Kintaro,"" which means ""Golden Boy,"" because of his blond hair. Occasionally accompanying him on the trip was his girlfriend, Ayumi, whose father, George Meegan, completed the longest unbroken walk in recorded history - a nearly 7-year sojourn from the southern tip of Argentina to the northern tip of Alaska. Inspired by their story, MacNiven conceived of the task after learning that his father, whose parents were foreign missionaries, was born in an unknown location in Hokkaidō. Armed with a desire to impress Ayumi and find his father's birthplace, as well as an interest in Japanese culture, MacNiven set sail to Japan.
With only a drawing of the birthplace to aid him, MacNiven walked the length of Japan with hope of finding his father's birthplace.  Along the way, he befriended many Japanese people and learned much about their culture and himself.  As well, his time spent in Japan helped him learn a fair amount of Japanese.
Although he completed his task in July 2004, it was not until the subsequent year that Kintaro Walks Japan was disseminated on the internet and gained popularity.  Unable to find a distributor for the documentary of the trek, MacNiven burned 1,000 DVDs and began hawking copies of the film on the streets of San Francisco and at a restaurant his father owns.  One day, George Strompolos, an executive from the nearby Google campus, dropped by.  “Dad showed the movie to him,” MacNiven said.  “He watched it and said, ‘This is exactly what we need.’""  Today roughly 500 people watch the film every day at Google Video.  American Airlines also screened the film on international flights for a month.

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Lettres de l'Inde,"Octave Mirbeau’s Lettres de l’Inde (Letters from India) are a series of eleven articles that appeared in 1885, first in Le Gaulois between February 22 and April 22, and then in Le Journal des débats, on July 31 and April 1. Signed under the pseudonym Nirvana, they were not collected in a volume until 1991."
Notions of the Americans,"Notions of the Americas; Picked Up by a Travelling Bachelor is an 1828 semi-nonfictional travel narrative by James Fenimore Cooper. The work takes the form of letters between a fictional bachelor traveling in the United States to his European friends. Cooper wrote the work while in Europe, and originally published the work anonymously, to conceal his identity and be more convincing to European audiences. The book persuasively argues for the virtue of American values and democracy in comparison to the aristocratic values of Europe.The bachelor writing the letters uses various elements of American culture as examples to examine the larger cultural trends; for example, he uses the American navy's systems of promotion and preference, as an example of the larger American government's creation of a meritocratic allocation of authority. At times, too, the book doesn't fully confront all of the social issues confronting early America, instead representing them as idealized: for example, James D. Wallace describes the book as treating the domestic sphere  as a "" ""sheltered space,"" a protective enclosure not only for domestic values and religious ideas, but for gentlemanly honor, literary creation, and the very republican principles on which America was founded"" (a concept known as Republican motherhood in scholarship).

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One-storied America,"One-storied America (Russian: Одноэтажная Америка) is a 1937 book based on a published travelogue across the United States by two Soviet authors, Ilf and Petrov.   The book, divided into eleven chapters and in the uninhibited humorous style typical of Ilf and Petrov, paints a multi-faceted picture of the US. America's entrepreneurial skills and economic achievements are praised, the oppression of the Black Americans, the life of the Native Americans in the reservations and the oppression of workers are denounced.  The title of the book refers to their impression that the cities of America consist mainly of one- and two-story buildings, in complete contrast to the popular image of America as the land of skyscrapers.  Based on this sentence:

America is primarily a one- and two-story country. The majority of the American population lives in small towns of three thousand, maybe five, nine, or fifteen thousand inhabitants.
The ""single story"" was also interpreted as a metaphor for the one-dimensionality of the country: In America everything revolves around money and wealth, while the country has neither soul nor spirit.
The United States, which was perceived as the land of machines and technological progress, was of great importance at the time for the Soviet Union, which had set itself the goal of overtaking the United States. This slogan (Russian: догнать и перегнать Америку; ""catch up and surpass America"") was one of the most important slogans during the ambitious industrialization of the Soviet Union.  Given the political climate in the Soviet Union in 1937 when the book was published, with the onset of Great Purge, it is surprising that a version of a book that lovingly satirizes the United States was published."
Travelogues of Palestine,"Travelogues of Palestine are the written descriptions of the region of Palestine by travellers, particularly prior to the 20th century. The works are important sources in the study of the history of Palestine and of Israel. Surveys of the geographical literature on Palestine were published by Edward Robinson in 1841, Titus Tobler in 1867 and subsequently by Reinhold Röhricht in 1890. Röhricht catalogued 177 works between 333 – 1300 CE, 19 works in the 14th century, 279 works in the 15th century, 333 works in the 16th century, 390 works in the 17th century, 318 works in the 18th century and 1,915 works in the 19th century.In total, there are more than 3,000 books and other materials detailing accounts of the journeys of primarily European and North American travelers to Ottoman Palestine. The number of published travelogues proliferated during the 19th century, and these travelers' impressions of 19th-century Palestine have been often quoted in the history and historiography of the region, although their accuracy and impartiality has been called into question in modern times."
Quest for the Lost City,"Quest for the Lost City is a 1955 American documentary film which follows the travels of the travel writing team of Dana and Ginger Lamb, as they hike through the jungles of Central America. Produced by Sol Lesser Productions, it was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures, and released on May 4, 1955.  The film features an introduction by Heisman Trophy winner Tom Harmon, who used a survival kit developed by the Lambs during his days as an Army Air Force pilot during World War II.  The film is based on the autobiographical book by the Lambs, entitled Enchanted Vagabonds.

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The Railrodder,"The Railrodder is a 1965 short comedy film starring Buster Keaton in one of his final film roles, directed by Gerald Potterton and produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). A 25-minute comedic travelogue of Canada, The Railrodder was also Keaton's final silent film, as the film contains no dialogue and all sound effects are overdubbed.
The backdrop to all of this is the Canadian countryside, as The Railrodder provides scenic views of Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies, the Rockies and the West Coast, c. 1964-65. Cities visited by Buster include Montreal, Ottawa and Vancouver."
Real England,Real England: The Battle Against the Bland is a 2008 travelogue written by Paul Kingsnorth describing his first-hand account of the homogenization of England through global market and industrial forces.
Ten Thousand Miles in the Southern Cross,"Ten Thousand Miles in the Southern Cross is a 1922 New Zealand travelogue made by George Tarr during a 1922 voyage in the South Pacific. Most are of indigenous tribes e.g. ritual dances, though one shot is of a bishop in full canonical regalia, presumably at a Melanesian mission. Most of the shots are wide shots, with less than 10% close-ups, including one of a small child smoking a cigarette with tears running down his cheeks.
Originally thought lost, 16 minutes of the film were found in Australia in 1995. This part was shot in the Solomon Islands and four other Melanesian locations. On a poster the title is “10,000 miles in the S.Y. Southern Cross” (S.Y. presumably for Steam Yacht), and says “A wonderful trip to the sea girt islands of the Western Pacific”.  Sam Edwards says “Tarr’s images leave the viewer with a satisfying sense both of freshness and enlightenment”.

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The Rihla,"The Rihla, formal title A Masterpiece to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling, is the travelogue written by Ibn Battuta, documenting his lifetime of travel and exploration, which according to his description covered about 73,000 miles (117,000 km). Rihla is the Arabic word for a journey or the travelogue that documents it."
This is New Zealand,"This is New Zealand is a documentary film showcasing New Zealand scenery that was produced by the New Zealand National Film Unit for screening at the World Expo in Osaka in 1970.
The film combined scenic images including aerial cinematography with rousing classical music such as Sibelius' Karelia Suite. Using then ground-breaking technology, the film required three separate but synchronised 35mm film projectors which projected their images onto an extra-wide screen.
In 2007, Archives New Zealand commissioned a restoration at post-production facility, Park Road Post. Hugh Macdonald, the film's original director, was involved in the restoration, as well as the original sound mixer Kit Rollings. The remastered film was released for sale on DVD in 2014."
Three in Norway (by two of them),"Three in Norway (by two of them) is a travelogue from the 19th century in Norway, written by James A. Lees and Walter J. Clutterbuck. Fjågesund and Syme identify it as one of the most frequently reprinted travel accounts for Norway."
Thrilling Cities,"Thrilling Cities is the title of a travelogue by the James Bond author and The Sunday Times journalist Ian Fleming. The book was first published in the UK in November 1963 by Jonathan Cape. The cities covered by Fleming were Hong Kong, Macau, Tokyo, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Chicago, New York, Hamburg, Berlin, Vienna, Geneva, Naples and Monte Carlo.
Thrilling Cities was initially a series of articles Fleming wrote for The Sunday Times, based on two trips he took. The first trip was in 1959, in which he travelled around the world, and the second was in 1960, in which he drove around Europe.
The first trip was at the behest of The Sunday Times's features editor Leonard Russell; the paper's chairman, Roy Thomson, enjoyed the series so much he requested Fleming undertake a second trip. The book version includes material edited out of the original articles, as well as photographs of the various cities."
Travel Guides (TV series),"Travel Guides is an Australian travel series which premiered on the Nine Network on 14 February 2017. The series follows groups of ordinary Australians who take on the job of travel critics who experience the same week-long international and domestic holidays, and review the same accommodation, cuisine, and local sights.The series is based on a similar programme of the same name made by UK production company Studio Lambert in 2015.
In May 2017, the series was renewed for a second season. In October 2017, the series second season was officially confirmed at Nine's upfronts with three travel guide groups from the first season set to return. The second season premiered on 29 January 2018.In March 2018, a casting call went out for new groups to become part of the third season for 2019. The third season premiered on 5 February 2019.In October 2019, the series was officially renewed for a fourth season at Nine's upfronts. The fourth season was set to air in early 2020, however due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the season was delayed and aired on 26 January 2021.In September 2021, the series was officially renewed for a fifth season at Nine's upfronts. The fifth season premiered on 30 March 2022.Travel Guides, won the Logie Award for Most Popular Lifestyle Program in 2022 and 2023.
The sixth season premiered on 19 April 2023.

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Travelogues of Latin America,"Travelogues of Latin America are published accounts describing Latin America and the Caribbean by foreign travelers from early Iberian conquest to the early 20th century.  The Spanish and Portuguese monarchs' efforts to restrict non-Iberian's access to Latin America during the colonial era mean that most of the works published before 1800 were by authorized Spanish or Portuguese chroniclers, or European Catholic missionaries.  However, the popularity of Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt's twenty-one volume account of his travels in Latin America marked a turning point.  Starting in the 1820s, most independent Latin American governments welcomed increased exchanges with European visitors, increasing the number of German, British, French, and U.S. travelogues published.  Many foreigners were interested in economic opportunities available in Latin America.  At least 394 travelogues describing Mexico were published between 1810 and 1910. For Brazil, European and U.S. visitors published at least 158 travelogues between 1800 and 1899.While scholars including Marjorie Agosín, June E. Hahner, and Miguel A. Cabañas have noted that these works replicate many of the biases of their authors, they are an important sources in the study of Latin American history."
Travels in the Congo (book),"Travels in the Congo (French: Voyage au Congo) is a travel diary by the French author André Gide. It was published 1927 by Gallimard in France. It is often published together with another one of his travel diaries called Return from Chad (French: Retour du Tchad).
It describes his journey that started in July 1926 and ended in May 1927, during which he travelled through the French Equatorial Africa colony and then successively to Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo), Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic), briefly to Chad and then to Cameroon before returning to France.

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The Vanished Path,"The Vanished Path: A Graphic Travelogue is a graphic novel written and illustrated by Bharath Murthy, and published in March, 2015, by HarperCollins Publishers India. It is Bharath's first book-length comic."
Varthamanappusthakam,"Varthamanappusthakam is a Malayalam travelogue written by Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar, a Nasrani Mappila kathanar of the modern-day Syro-Malabar Church. It is the first ever travelogue written in an Indian Language. It was written in the 18th century (1790) but then forgotten, being re-discovered in 1935 and first printed in 1936  by Luka Mathai Plathottam at Athirampuzha St Marys Press in the year 1936.Varthamanappusthakam postulates that the foundation of Indian nationalism rests on the basic principle that India should achieve civic self-rule. Long before the debates on nationalism shaking the intellectual circles of Europe, Asia, and Africa, Thoma Kathanar offers a distinctive positionality as a minority Syriac Christian priest and subsequent administrator of the Syriac Catholic Archeparchy of Kodungalloor with transnational ties to Portuguese ecclesiology who nevertheless argues in favor of autonomous Indian civic governance. It gives the history of a journey undertaken by the author along with Mar Joseph Kariattil from Malabar Coast (modern day Kerala) to Rome via Lisbon and back. The manuscript of the book is kept at the St Thomas Christian Museum in Kochi.
The history of travelogues in Malayalam is short but exciting and absorbing. The first work in the genre Varthamanappusthakam was written by P. Thoma Kathanar (1736–99) in the latter part of the eighteenth century but its existence was totally forgotten by later generations. It was discovered in 1935 and was printed next year. Sankaran Namboothiri informs that Kathanar accompanied K. Yausep Malpan in his journey from Parur to Rome. They went by foot up to Madras from where they sailed. They took along route via Cape of Good Hope, South America and Lisbon. The voyage lasted nearly eight years."" It is-certainly one of the most valuable travel accounts available in any Indian language.
The historic journey to Rome to represent the grievances of Kerala's Syrian Catholics started from the boat jetty in Athirampuzha at Poothathil Ittikuruvilla Tharakan’s home (a Knanaya tax-collector who greatly funded the mission) in 1785. From Athirampuzha they first proceeded to Kayamkulam by a country-boat. The journey then took them to Chinnapattanam, as Chennai was then known. From there they went to Kandy in Ceylon (Sri Lanka of today). From Ceylon they sailed to Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa. They were to sail to Portugal from there but adverse winds drifted their ship in the Atlantic Ocean taking it to the coast of Latin America. A further journey from the Latin American coast took them to their destination.The journey to the destination took more than a year. While they were in Europe, Mar Joseph Kariattil was ordained in Portugal as the Bishop of Kodungalloor Archdiocese - the first native Indian to get this appointment. The two representatives of the Kerala Catholic Church succeeded in convincing the church authorities in Rome and Lisbon about the problems in Kerala Church. On their way back home they stayed in Goa where Mar Kariattil died. Upon realizing that his end was near, Mar Kariattil appointed Thoma Kathanar as the Governador (governor) of Cranganore Archdiocese after him, and handed over the cross, chain and ring, the tokens of his power, which had been presented to him by the Portuguese queen."
Violated Paradise,"Violated Paradise, also known as Scintillating Sins and Sea Nymphs, is a 1963 Italian sexploitation film directed and produced by Marion Gering and starring Kazuko Mine. Although film contains mild nudity, it is presented more as a cultural documentary than as exploitation.

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A Walk Along the Ganges,"A Walk Along the Ganges (1986) is a travelogue written by Dennison Berwick. In this book, author tells about journey, a 2000 miles along the Ganges, the Indian river."
Walking Home: Travels with a Troubadour on the Pennine Way,"Walking Home: Travels with a Troubadour on the Pennine Way is a 2012 non-fiction book by the Yorkshire poet Simon Armitage. It chronicles his attempt to walk the long-distance trail the opposite way to that usually taken, from north to south. Along the way, he takes no money, stays with strangers, and gives poetry readings to pay his expenses. The book is illustrated with Armitage's photographs taken along the route. Two of his poems are included in the chapters about the places the poems describe. 
The book was warmly received by critics in British newspapers. They note that it fits into the tradition of slightly eccentric mid-life journeys, as well as of the productive effect of walking on poetry. They enjoyed the humorous accounts of British interiors and of hazards including weird fogs, bulls, blisters, clogging mud, and a university friend who pops up and cadges free board and lodging."
Way Back Home (travelogue),"Way Back Home is an Indian travelogue series by filmmaker Rohan Thakur, produced by Asad Abid from Shoelace Films, a subsidiary of Gut and Flow Media Pvt.Ltd.
In the first season, entitled Way Back Home: A Himalayan Travelogue, Thakur travels the seven valleys of the Lower Himalayan Ranges. In the second season, Chapter II: Away from Home, Discovering The Andaman Islands, he was joined by coral reef researcher Nayantara Jain to explore the Andaman Islands.

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We Said Go Travel,"We Said Go Travel is an online blog with over sixteen hundred writers from seventy five countries contributing articles. Stories are shared with photos and video from a perspective of the transformative power of travel. We Said Go Travel has hosted live and online events as well as travel writing contests.

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West By Sea,"West By Sea is an armchair treasure hunt book in the form of a travel journal. It was written by Michelle M. B. Beale, designed by Edward K. Beale, and published in February 2016. It contains concealed clues to the location of a hidden object."
The Year of Spring,"The Year of Spring: The Travel What Lasts a Year (Russian: Год Весны: Путешествие длиною в год) is a book written by Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Krasko, Russian traveler and member of the Union of the Russian Around-the-World Travelers, based on his yearlong journey around the world. In the book he shares thoughts, emotions, and impressions from the trip.Critics are unable to place A Year of Spring into a particular genre. It is part novel, autobiography, travel guide book, and handbook of regional geography. Exotic landscapes descriptions, dialogues with locals and good memories all have their place in this travel story.Krasko started writing his book in early 2010 and finished in 2011. It was completed in Sarankot – a small village near Pokhara, Nepal (located 5000 ft above sea level)."
Zone Policeman 88,"Zone Policeman 88: A Close Range Study of the Panama Canal and Its Workers is a non-fiction book written by Harry A. Franck and published in 1913. Franck, a travel writer who had produced a highly successful 1910 travelogue, Vagabond Journey Around the World, took a position as a police officer in the Panama Canal Zone, reporting his experiences and observations in a book that proved, like his debut, popular. The book was generally critically well received."
Hospitality,"Hospitality is the relationship of a host towards a guest, wherein the host receives the guest with some amount of goodwill and welcome. This includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis, chevalier de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity. Hospitality is also the way people treat others, for example in the service of welcoming and receiving guests in hotels. Hospitality plays a role in augmenting or decreasing the volume of sales of an organization.
Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality.

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Hospitality industry,"The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, food and beverage service, event planning, theme parks, travel agency, tourism, hotels, restaurants and bars.

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Allotment (travel industry),"Allotments in the tourism industry are used to designate a certain block of pre-negotiated carrier seats or hotel rooms which have been bought out and held by a travel organizer with a huge buying power like a wholesaler, tour operator or hotel consolidator, and more rarely by a retail travel agent.Allotments can be purchased for a specific period of time such as a whole season, part of a season or for any single dates and then resold to travel partners and final customers around the globe. A couple of days prior to carrier departure/hotel check-in any unsold seats/rooms may be released back to the supplier if such an agreement exists between the two parties. An allotment release back period is also negotiated as part of the allotment contract (e.g. four days prior to check-in/departure).

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Hospitality law,"Hospitality law is a legal and social practice related to the treatment of a person's guests or those who patronize a place of business. Related to the concept of legal liability, hospitality laws are intended to protect both hosts and guests against injury, whether accidental or intentional."
Index of drinking establishment–related articles,"This is an index of drinking establishment-related articles.

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Knowland Group,"Knowland is a web-based software company that provides business development products and services to the hospitality industry.

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Mandatory tipping,"Mandatory tipping (also known as a mandatory gratuity or an autograt) is a tip which is added automatically to the customer's bill, without the customer determining the amount or being asked. It may be implemented in several ways, such as applying a fixed percentage to all customer's bills, or to large groups, or on a customer-by-customer basis. Economists have varied opinions on the issue of mandatory tipping. Arguments against mandatory tipping include higher food price at the restaurant to make up for wages and loss of control of dining experience."
Nautilus Entertainment Design,"Nautilus Entertainment Design (NED) is a San Diego, California based theatre consulting and lighting design firm. NED was formed by lighting designer, Jim Tetlow in 1990. The firm handles the lighting design for over 40 shows a year which include television specials, corporate shows & meetings, Vegas style shows and spectacles.  NED is best known for their theatre consulting work in the cruise ship industry providing design and consulting services for over fifty-five cruise ships with each containing multiple entertainment facilities for showrooms, lounges, and dance clubs. NED also provides architectural lighting design services on many of these ships.
Jim Tetlow is a member of the American Society of Theatre Consultants, ASTC, a professional organization."
Restaurant rating,"Restaurant ratings identify restaurants according to their quality, using notations such as stars or other symbols, or numbers. Stars are a familiar and popular symbol, with scales of one to three or five stars commonly used. Ratings appear in guide books as well as in the media, typically in newspapers, lifestyle magazines and webzines. Websites featuring consumer-written reviews and ratings are increasingly popular, but are far less reliable.In addition, there are ratings given by public health agencies rating the level of sanitation practiced by an establishment."
Restaurant ware,"Restaurant ware, or most commonly hotelware is vitrified, ceramic tableware which exhibits high mechanical strength and is produced for use in hotels and restaurants. Tableware used in railway dining cars, passenger ships and airlines are also included in this  category.
Collectable hotelware was usually made of stoneware or ironstone china during the early to mid-20th century. Examples from the 19th century are also collectable, but rarer."
AA Rosette,"The AA Rosette is a national culinary excellence and proficiency scheme, run by the AA, in the UK and Ireland."
The Catey Awards,"The Cateys are a UK award ceremony for the hospitality industry, first held in 1984. They have been described as the hospitality industry's equivalent of the Oscars.
Recipients are nominated, selected and awarded by the industry through The Caterer magazine.
The Chef Award is one of the most coveted and previous winners include Paul Ainsworth in 2019, Claude Bosi in 2018, Tom Kerridge in 2017, Jason Atherton in 2012, Angela Hartnett in 2009, Heston Blumenthal in 2004, Gordon Ramsay in 2000, Brian Turner in 1997 and Raymond Blanc in 1990.
November 2007 saw the first spin-off event, The Hotel Cateys, which took place at the London Hilton on Park Lane, with Grant Hearn, CEO of Travelodge, taking the inaugural Outstanding Contribution to the Industry Award.
The Foodservice Cateys launched in 2013 at Park Plaza Westminster Bridge."
National Pub of the Year,"The National Pub of the Year is an annual competition held by CAMRA, the winner of which is announced in the February of the year following that in which the competition is run, that finds the best pub in the UK. Established in 1988, the competition helps to highlight quality pubs around the UK that are worth seeking out and visiting. Each year, each local CAMRA branch nominates one pub in their area to be entered. These 200 pubs then go through to the regional competition, which then whittles down to 4 pubs to go to the national final.
The pubs in the national final are evaluated on:

Quality of the Real Ales served
Value for money
Atmosphere
Interior decoration
Customer service and welcome

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NK Horeca,"The NK Horeca, or Dutch National Championship Hospitality, is an annual championship in different branches of hospitality. It currently awards the Golden Chef's Hat for the chef who presents the best four course meal, three awards for the best sandwich: the best sandwich in hospitality, the best sandwich in catering, and a best sandwich for personnel with an intellectual disability, and a flair bartending award. It has been held in its current form at the Horecava since 2007."
Pomme d'Or,"The Pomme d'Or (French: golden apple) is a prize for excellence in the tourism industry awarded by FIJET, the European association of professional travel writers and journalists. It is awarded yearly to an organization, location or person for recognising superior efforts in promoting and raising the level of tourism.
List of recipients:
1971 - Italy, Sicily
1971 - Belgium, Bokrijk
1971 - Netherlands, Efteling
1972 - Yugoslavia, Sveti Stefan
1972 - Hungary, Estergone
1972 - Ireland, ""horse carriage excursions/holidays""
1973 - France, Thoiry-en-Yvelines
1973 - Belgium, Arthur Haulot (General Commissioner of Tourism)
1974 - United Kingdom, York
1975 - Romania, Bukovina
1976 - Germany, Rothenburg ob der Tauber
1977 - Not presented
1978 - Yugoslavia, Sarajevo
1979 - Bulgaria, Rila Monastery
1980 - France, Pézenas
1981 - Spain, Robert Lonati (Secretary General of World Tourism Organization - WTO)
1982 - Russia, Suzdal
1983 - Finland, Turku
1984 - Turkey, Antalya
1985 - Spain, Palos de la Frontera
1986 - Poland, Kraków
1987 - Cyprus, Nicosia
1988 - Portugal, Funchal/Madeira and Greece, Mont Pelion
1989 - Not presented
1990 - Colombia, Cartagena de Indias
1991 - Tunisia, Utinah
1992 - Not presented
1993 - Belgium, Antwerpen
1994 - Egypt, South Sinai
1995 - Cuba, Santiago de Cuba
1996 - Spain, Caceres
1996 - Dubrovnik, Croatia
1997 - Russia, Moscow and Yuri Luzhkov (ex-mayor of Moscow)
1998 - Not presented
1999 - Not presented
2000 - Belgium, Mol Lake District
2001 - Lebanon, City of Tyr
2002 - Egypt, Sharm el Sheikh
2003 - Turkey, Nemrut Dag
2004 - Czech Republic, Brno
2005 - Croatia, Split
2006 - Spain, Calpe
2009 - Spain, Cantabria & three locations in Romania: Sibiu, Danube Delta and Blue Air
2010 - Egypt, Luxor
2011 - Croatia
2012 - Caltagirone (Italy), Hamamönü (Turkey), Alexandria (Egypt), Foundation Kobarov (Slovenia) and Český Krumlov
2013 - Opatija (Croatia)
2014 - Targu Jiu (Romania)
2015 - Dubrovnik (Croatia); Moscow city (Russia), Palic (Serbia)
2016 - Ypres (Belgium), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Plovdiv (Bulgaria)
2017  - Kazan (Russia), Bratislava (Slovakia), Konya (Turkey)
2018 - Palermo, Ekaterineburg (Russia),  Dyarbakir (Turkey)
2023 - Timișoara (Romania)"
Pub Design Awards,"The Pub Design Awards (PDA) are an annual awards, established in 1983 and hosted by CAMRA in association with English Heritage and the Victorian Society, that are given to exceptional pubs in the UK that have been newly built/converted or have recently undergone building/conservation work."
Restaurant & Bar Design Awards,"The Restaurant & Bar Design Awards, is an annual award dedicated to recognising the design and architecture of food and beverage spaces internationally. The Restaurant & Bar Design Awards is an independent award system, set up by Marco Rebora  in 2008 in the United Kingdom with the encouragement of a panel of judges, including the editor-in-chief of Wallpaper*, Tony Chambers.
Since the first awards in 2009 there have been over 10,000 entries from design and architectural industries and hospitality organisations from 100 countries around the world.
Each year the awards are judged by a new panel of representatives from the fields of art, architecture, design and gastronomy.  Notable judges have included Ian Callum, Mark Hix, Gerry Judah, Yotam Ottolenghi, Thomas Heatherwick, Julia Peyton-Jones and Karim Rashid. The winners are awarded at annual ceremonies at a chosen host venue affiliated with the award. In 2012 the ceremony was held at The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).
Restaurant & Bar Design Awards organises a year-round programme of events based in the UK and most recently Internationally with an aim to build a network between entrants, judges, partners and sponsors.
In 2014 Taschen publications published a book, Restaurant & Bar Design dedicated to the ongoing work of the Awards.

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Seven Stars Luxury Hospitality and Lifestyle Awards,"The Seven Stars Luxury Hospitality and Lifestyle Awards (abbreviated SSLHLA; also simply referred to as the Seven Star Awards) are a series of annual awards presented to international recipients in the hospitality industry. They were created by Khalil El-Mouelhy in 2013.The awardees are selected by a panel of judges with extensive experience in the luxury hospitality and lifestyle industry. Panelists have included Ece Vahapoğlu, Nichole de Carle, Massimiliano della Torre e Tasso (the son of Carlo Alessandro, 3rd Duke of Castel Duino), and other well-known public figures.Similar industry awards include the World Travel Awards, which Seven Star Awards founder Khalil El-Mouelhy was the director of."
List of cruise lines,"A cruise line is a company that operates cruise ships and markets cruises to the public. Cruise lines are distinct from passenger lines which are primarily concerned with transportation of their passengers. Cruise lines have a dual character; they are partly in the transportation business, and partly in the leisure entertainment business, a duality that carries down into the ships themselves, which have both a crew headed by the ship's captain, and a hospitality staff headed by the equivalent of a hotel manager.
Because of mergers and consolidations, a cruise line may also be a brand of a larger holding corporation. For example, as noted below, Carnival Cruise Line and Holland America Line are cruise lines within the larger parent corporation Carnival Corporation & plc. This industry practice of using the brand, not the larger parent corporation, as the cruise line is also followed in the member cruise lines in Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA); the listing of cruise ship sales, transfers, and new orders; cruise line market share; and the member-based reviews of cruise lines.Cruise ships can cruise in oceans or rivers. The listing of cruise lines below includes separate lists for both areas. Cruise lines operating ocean and river ships can be found in both lists."
Safetray,"Safetray is a brand name for a retractable finger receiver incorporated into the underside of a round wait staff tray to assist in handling the tray when carrying food and drinks for service in the hospitality industry. The handclip design provides leverage, helping to prevent toppling. The Safetray, invented in 2009, is now sold worldwide by Edinburgh-based Safetray Products Ltd.

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The Trump Organization,"The Trump Organization is a group of about 500 business entities of which Donald Trump is the sole or principal owner. Around 250 of these entities use the Trump name. The organization was founded in 1927 by Donald Trump's paternal grandmother, Elizabeth Christ Trump, and his father, Fred Trump, as E. Trump & Son. Donald Trump joined the organization in 1968, began leading it in 1971, renamed it around 1973, and handed off its leadership to his children in 2016 when he won the 2016 United States presidential election.
The Trump Organization, through its various constituent companies and partnerships, has or has had interests in real estate development, investing, brokerage, sales and marketing, and property management. Trump Organization entities own, operate, invest in, and develop residential real estate, hotels, resorts, residential towers, and golf courses in various countries. They also operate or have operated in construction, hospitality, casinos, entertainment, book and magazine publishing, broadcast media, model management, retail, financial services, food and beverages, business education, online travel, commercial and private aviation, and beauty pageants. Trump Organization entities also own the New York television production company that produced the reality television franchise The Apprentice. Retail operations include or have included fashion apparel, jewelry and accessories, books, home furnishings, lighting products, bath textiles and accessories, bedding, home fragrance products, small leather goods, vodka, wine, barware, steaks, chocolate bars, and bottled spring water.Since the financial statements of the Trump Organization's holdings and Donald Trump's personal tax returns are both private, its true value is not publicly known, though a wide range of estimates have been made. Trump has publicly released little definitive financial documentation to confirm his valuation claims. On several occasions, Trump has been accused of deliberately inflating the valuation of Trump Organization properties through aggressive lobbying of the media (in particular the authors of the annual Forbes 400 list) to bolster his perceived net worth.By 2019, the Trump Organization was being scrutinized by New York investigators for possible financial fraud. In July 2021, New York prosecutors charged the organization with 10 counts in an alleged 15-year tax avoidance scheme. In November, The Washington Post reported that between 2011 and 2015 the organization presented several properties as being worth far more to potential lenders than to tax officials. 
In August 2022, the organization's chief financial officer, Allen Weisselberg, pleaded guilty to committing more than a dozen felonies, including criminal tax fraud and grand larceny. In September 2022, New York Attorney General Letitia James announced a civil lawsuit against the organization. A separate criminal case by the Manhattan district attorney was brought to trial in October; on December 6, the organization was convicted on 17 criminal charges."
Wanda Group,"Wanda Group (Chinese: 万达集团; pinyin: Wàndá Jítuán), or the  Dalian Wanda Group (大连万达), is a Chinese multinational conglomerate founded in Dalian, Liaoning and headquartered in Beijing. It is a private property developer and owner of Wanda Cinemas and the Hoyts Group.With investments within Mainland China and globally, the Dalian Wanda group has investments across many industries including construction, entertainment, media, industrial manufacturing, financial services, high technology, hospitality, real estate, retail, healthcare, and sports. It ranked 380th on the Fortune Global 500 List in 2017. Also in 2017, its assets amounted to 700 billion yuan and an annual revenue 227.4 billion yuan ($35.29 billion). Wanda Cultural Industry Group is one of China's cultural enterprises, includes movie theaters as well as sports and film production assets, and contributed 28% or $10.85 billion to overall revenue. Wanda Group ranks 28th on the 2020 China Top 500 Private Enterprises List."
Accor,"Accor S.A. is a French multinational hospitality company that owns, manages and franchises hotels, resorts and vacation properties. It is the largest hospitality company in Europe, and the sixth largest hospitality company worldwide.Accor operates in 5,300 locations in over 110 countries. Its total capacity is approximately 777,714 rooms. It owns and operates brands in many segments of hospitality: Luxury (Raffles, Fairmont, Sofitel), premium (MGallery, Pullman, Swissôtel), midscale (Novotel,  Mercure, Adagio), and economy (ibis, hotelF1). Accor also owns companies specialized in digital hospitality and event organization, such as onefinestay, D-Edge, ResDiary, John Paul, Potel & Chabot and Wojo.The company is headquartered in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, and is a constituent of the CAC Next 20 index on the Paris stock exchange.

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The Ascott Limited,"The Ascott Limited is a member of CapitaLand Investment, a leading global real estate investment manager with a strong foothold in Asia.

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Best Western,"Best Western International, Inc. owns the Best Western Hotels & Resorts brand, which it licenses to over 4,700 hotels worldwide. The franchise, with its corporate headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona, includes more than 2,000 hotels in North America. The brand was founded by M. K. Guertin in 1946. As of December 2021, Larry Cuculic is the president and CEO of Best Western.
In 1964, Canadian hotel owners joined the system. Best Western then expanded to Mexico, Australia, and New Zealand in 1976.
In 2002, Best Western International launched Best Western Premier in Europe and Asia. (The other hotels in the chain were known as Best Western.) In 2011, the chain's branding system-wide changed to a three-tiered system: Best Western, Best Western Plus, and Best Western Premier."
Grupo Posadas,"Grupo Posadas, S.A.B. de C.V. or Posadas is a hospitality company based in Mexico City. It owns, leases, operates and manages hotels, resorts and villas with its several different brands. As of 2020, the company operates more than 150 hotels with 24,000 hotel rooms.

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Grupo Vidanta,"Grupo Vidanta is a Mexican conglomerate involved in design, construction, financing, and operation and maintenance of hotels, resorts, cruises, and associated infrastructure. It also owns and operates the Mar de Cortés International Airport. Grupo Vidanta was founded by Daniel Chávez Morán in 1974 and is headquartered in Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico. The group has 25,000 employees and an estimated annual revenue of US$750 million (FY 2015)."
Hilton Worldwide,"Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. is an American multinational hospitality company that manages and franchises a broad portfolio of hotels and resorts. Founded by Conrad Hilton in May 1919, the company is now led by Christopher J. Nassetta. Hilton is headquartered in Tysons, Virginia, United States.
As of June 30, 2020, the company's portfolio includes 6,215 properties (including timeshare properties) with 983,465 rooms in 118 countries and territories, including 690 that are managed and 5,405 that are franchised, with the combined managed and franchised properties having a total of 953,946 rooms, in addition to 65 that are owned or leased including 57 that are wholly owned or leased, one owned by a consolidated non-wholly owned entity, two that are leased by consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) and five that are owned or leased by unconsolidated affiliates. Prior to its December 2013 IPO, Hilton was ranked as the 36th largest private company in the United States by Forbes.Hilton has 18 brands across different market segments, including Conrad Hotels & Resorts, Canopy by Hilton, Curio Collection by Hilton, Hilton Hotels & Resorts, DoubleTree by Hilton, Embassy Suites Hotels, Hilton Garden Inn, Hampton by Hilton, Homewood Suites by Hilton, Home2 Suites by Hilton, Hilton Grand Vacations, LXR Hotels and Resorts by Hilton, Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts, Signia by Hilton, Tru by Hilton, Tapestry Collection by Hilton, Tempo by Hilton, Motto by Hilton and Spark by Hilton.
On December 12, 2013, Hilton again became a public company, raising an estimated $2.35 billion in its second IPO. At the time, The Blackstone Group held a 45.8 percent stake in the company. In October 2016, China's HNA Group agreed to acquire a 25 percent equity interest in Hilton from Blackstone. The transaction was expected to close in the first quarter of 2017. Hilton's largest stockholders were until mid 2018 HNA Group, Blackstone, and Wellington Management Group, which as of March 2017 owned 25%, 15.2%, and 6.7% of Hilton common stock respectively.The company was founded by Conrad Hilton in 1919 as Hilton Hotels Corporation in Cisco, Texas, and it had its headquarters in Beverly Hills, California, from 1969 until 2009. In August 2009, the company moved to Tysons Corner, unincorporated Fairfax County, Virginia, near McLean."
Hospitality International,Hospitality International is a chain of hotels and motels in the United States and Canada. Their brands include Red Carpet Inn and Scottish Inns.
Huazhu Hotels Group,"Huazhu Hotels Group Ltd (NASDAQ: HTHT；01179.HK )(simplified Chinese: 华住酒店集团; traditional Chinese: 華住酒店集團; pinyin: Huázhù Jiǔdiàn Jítuán) is a hotel management company in China. In 2021, it was ranked the seven largest hotel group in the world.  As of June 2020, Huazhu Hotels Group operates 6,187 properties in 16 countries. It was previously known as Hanting Inns or China Lodging Group Limited. The company's head office is located in Minhang District, Shanghai."
Hyatt,"Hyatt Hotels Corporation, commonly known as Hyatt Hotels & Resorts, is an American multinational hospitality company headquartered in the Riverside Plaza area of Chicago that manages and franchises luxury and business hotels, resorts, and vacation properties. Hyatt Hotels & Resorts is one of the businesses managed by the Pritzker family.
The Hyatt Corporation came into being upon purchase of the Hyatt House, at Los Angeles International Airport, on September 27, 1957. In 1969, Hyatt began expanding internationally. Hyatt has grown by developing new properties and through acquisitions, with the biggest growth coming from the acquisition of AmeriSuites (later rebranded Hyatt Place) in 2004, Summerfield Suites (later rebranded Hyatt House) in 2005, and Two Roads Hospitality in 2018.Hyatt has more than 1350 hotels and all-inclusive properties in 69 countries across six continents."
Indian Hotels Company Limited,"The Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) is an Indian hospitality company that manages a portfolio of hotels, resorts, jungle safaris, palaces, spas and in-flight catering services. The company is part of India's Tata Group. IHCL was founded in 1902 by Jamsetji Tata and is headquartered in Mumbai where its flagship hotel Taj Mahal Palace Hotel is also located.
The company's hotel chains include Taj, SeleQtions, Vivanta, and Ginger."
IHG Hotels & Resorts,"InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG), marketed as IHG Hotels & Resorts, is a British multinational hospitality company headquartered in Windsor, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. It is also a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index."
Jinjiang International,"Jin Jiang International (Holdings) Co., Ltd. is a Chinese state-owned tourism and hospitality company headquartered in Shanghai, China. The group operates Shanghai's Jinjiang Hotel, Peace Hotel, Park Hotel, and Metropole Hotel. Other chains operated by the group include the Jinjiang Inn and Bestay Hotel Express, and Magnotel.In January 2015, Jin Jiang International Hotels Development Co. acquired Europe's Groupe du Louvre for 1.21 billion euros from U.S. investment firm Starwood Capital Group. In September 2015, Jin Jiang International Hotels Development Co. acquired 81% of Keystone Lodging Holding, which owns Plateno Hotels Group, 7 Days Inn and ZMAX, creating one of the world's largest hotel groups.Interstate Hotels and Resorts manages 382 hotels and resorts in 10 countries in North America, Europe and Asia, in which Jinjiang International holds a 50 percent stake."
Marriott International,"Marriott International, Inc. is an American multinational company that operates, franchises, and licenses lodging including hotel, residential and timeshare properties. It is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. The company was founded by J. Willard Marriott and his wife Alice Marriott.

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Okura Hotels,"Okura Hotels & Resorts (オークラ ホテルズ & リゾーツ) is an international hotel chain with locations mainly in Japan.  The original Hotel Okura opened in Tokyo in 1962. The Okura Hotels & Resorts worldwide chain includes Okura Hotels in, among other places, Amsterdam, Shanghai, Honolulu, Macau, Bangkok and Taipei. Okura Hotels also owns the Hotel JAL City and Hotel Nikko chains."
Pan Pacific Hotels and Resorts,"The Pan Pacific Hotels and Resorts (泛太平洋酒店及度假村) is a hospitality company headquartered in Singapore and founded in 1975. It is a subsidiary of developer UOL Group and operates more than 20 luxury hotels, resorts and serviced suites across Asia, North America, Oceania, and Europe."
SevenRooms,"SevenRooms is a New York City-based restaurant technology company. It develops a cloud-based data platform used by restaurants, hotels, and other venues to take reservations, manage bookings, and collect guest information. The company was founded in 2011."
Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts,"Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts (Chinese: 香格里拉酒店) is a multinational hospitality company, founded in 1971 by tycoon Robert Kuok. It is a subsidiary of Kerry Properties, the company has over 100 luxury hotels and resorts with over 40,000 rooms in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North America and Oceania. 
Shangri-La has 4 brands across different market segments: Shangri-La, Traders Hotels, Kerry Hotels and Hotel Jen. The company's head office is in Kerry Centre (嘉里中心), Quarry Bay, Hong Kong. The current chairman is Kuok Hui-kwong.

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Foodservice,"The foodservice (US English) or catering (British English) industry includes the businesses, institutions, and companies which prepare meals outside the home. It includes restaurants, grocery stores, school and hospital cafeterias, catering operations, and many other formats.Suppliers to foodservice operators are foodservice distributors, who provide small wares (kitchen utensils) and foods. Some companies manufacture products in both consumer and food service versions. The consumer version usually comes in individual-sized packages with elaborate label design for retail sale. The foodservice version is packaged in a much larger industrial size and often lacks the colorful label designs of the consumer version."
Food away from home,Food-Away-From-Home (FAFH) covers meals and snacks supplied by commercial food service establishments and by eating facilities in non commercial institutions.
Food safety,"Food safety (or food hygiene) is used as a scientific method/discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. The occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food is known as a food-borne disease outbreak. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potential health hazards. In this way, food safety often overlaps with food defense to prevent harm to consumers. The tracks within this line of thought are safety between industry and the market and then between the market and the consumer. In considering industry-to-market practices, food safety considerations include the origins of food including the practices relating to food labeling, food hygiene, food additives and pesticide residues, as well as policies on biotechnology and food and guidelines for the management of governmental import and export inspection and certification systems for foods. In considering market-to-consumer practices, the usual thought is that food ought to be safe in the market and the concern is safe delivery and preparation of the food for the consumer. Food safety, nutrition and food security are closely related. Unhealthy food creates a cycle of disease and malnutrition that affects infants and adults as well.Food can transmit pathogens which can result in the illness or death of the person or other animals. The main types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungus. Food can also serve as a growth and reproductive medium for pathogens. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries there are fewer standards and less enforcement of those standards. Even so, in the US, in 1999, 5,000 deaths per year were related to foodborne pathogens.  Another main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item in the spreading of diseases. In theory, food poisoning is 100% preventable. However this cannot be achieved due to the number of persons involved in the supply chain, as well as the fact that pathogens can be introduced into foods no matter how many precautions are taken."
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry,"The COVID-19 pandemic affects the global food industry as governments close down restaurants and bars to slow the spread of the virus. Across the world, restaurants' daily traffic dropped precipitously compared to the same period in 2019. Closures of restaurants caused a ripple effect among related industries such as food production, liquor, wine, and beer production, food and beverage shipping, fishing, and farming.The issues were particularly disruptive in industrialized areas where large proportions of entire categories of food are typically imported using just-in-time logistics.
In June 2020, the United Nations warned that the world was facing the worst food crisis in half a century due to the recession caused by the pandemic."
Meal kit,"A meal kit is a subscription service–foodservice business model where a company sends customers pre-portioned and sometimes partially-prepared food ingredients and recipes to prepare home-cooked meals.  Services that send pre-cooked meals are called meal delivery services. This subscription model has been cited as an example of the personalization of the food and beverage industry.A meal kit is not to be confused with convenience food, which is cooked and ""prepared"" at a kitchen facility before shipment—typically in a refrigerated container.
This article will discuss history when it comes to meal kits, business impact, cost of meal kit services, environmental impact concerns, nutrition research, and overall user experience.

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Meals on Wheels,"Meals on Wheels is a programme that delivers meals to individuals at home who are unable to purchase or prepare their own meals. The name is often used generically to refer to home-delivered meals programmes, not all of which are actually named ""Meals on Wheels"". Many of the housebound recipients are the elderly, and many of the volunteers are also elderly but able-bodied and able to drive automobiles.
Research shows that home-delivered meal programmes significantly improve diet quality, reduce food insecurity and improve quality-of-life among the recipients. The programmes also reduce government expenditures by reducing the need of recipients to use hospitals, nursing homes or other expensive community-based services."
Provisioning (cruise ship),"Provisioning refers to the supplying of food and drink for the passengers of a cruise ship. As cruise ships consume large amounts of food every day, this operation can be complex. Not all the food will be consumed during the voyage, and the ship must keep a percentage in reserve to allow for delays."
SPE Certified,"SPE Certification is a foodservice industry standard aimed at enhancing the nutritional quality of meals, without compromising the taste. SPE stands for “Sanitas per Escam” in Latin; its English translation is literally “Health Through Food.” The certification program’s core principles include increasing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, as well as reducing intake of saturated fats, added sugars and salt.The SPE Certified seal, described by The New York Times as a “squiggly red insignia” is placed on a foodservice establishment’s menu next to a specific dish when the dish has met all the required culinary and nutritional criteria.SPE was developed as a nutritional and culinary philosophy in Rouge Tomate restaurant, Brussels, in 2001. In 2011 it was molded into a certification program aimed at encouraging other foodservice establishments to cook healthy, sustainably-sourced dishes, retaining focus on the taste of the food."
Gastronomy,"Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastronomy is called a gastronome, while a gastronomist is one who unites theory and practice in the study of gastronomy. Practical gastronomy is associated with the practice and study of the preparation, production, and service of the various foods and beverages, from countries around the world. Theoretical gastronomy supports practical gastronomy. It is related with a system and process approach, focused on recipes, techniques and cookery books. Food gastronomy is connected with food and beverages and their genesis. Technical gastronomy underpins practical gastronomy, introducing a rigorous approach to evaluation of gastronomic topics.

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Bocuse d'Or,"The Bocuse d'Or (the Concours mondial de la cuisine, World Cooking Contest) is a biennial world chef championship. Named for the chef Paul Bocuse, the event takes place during two days near the end of January in Lyon, France, at the SIRHA International Hotel, Catering and Food Trade Exhibition, and is one of the world's most prestigious cooking competitions.The event is frequently referred to as the Gastronomy equivalent of the Olympic Games, though the International Exhibition of Culinary Art in Germany is more officially titled the Culinary Olympics and is separated by an olympiad, i.e. a period of four years."
Cuisine of Menorca,"Menorcan cuisine refers to the typical food and drink of Menorca.
Menorca is a rocky island in the Balearic archipelago in Spain, consisting of eight municipalities. Featuring a Mediterranean climate, the weather is milder in the south while in the north there are strong winds all year round. Marine salt, carried by the wind to the pastures where cows graze, is what gives the cheese its typical flavour. Seafood is a major element of the island's cuisine, but additionally, there are horses, pigs (used for cold cuts) and cows (the skin of which is used to produce leather, and the milk to produce cheese). Agriculture is small-scale and varied, consisting of typical Mediterranean products. Within this typical Mediterranean cuisine there are also the influences of various invading people, particularly the English, who brought plum cake, puddings, and punch. The rural and marine cuisine is mostly based on greens and vegetables from one's own garden, locally produced meat, and fish and seafood caught in the same day. Olive oil, although not produced on the island, is also a fundamental ingredient in local dishes.
Menorcan cuisine is generally simple and seasonal. It is based on fishing, particularly longline fishing, and on seafood, especially crustaceans, clams and squid. Fruits and vegetables are cultivated in as much variety as possible, and on a small scale, only for local consumption.
Until the second half of the twentieth century, goats were in such abundance that they were only eaten when there was a famine, caused by spoiled crops or insufficient fishing. Today, they are a luxury. Rabbit is another common element of the cuisine. In the seventeenth century, the English unsuccessfully attempted to introduce deer and hares. Few are left nowadays, but rabbits and various fowl are still hunted or bred."
Fill line,A fill line is a marking on drinkware indicating the volume of liquid held by the glass. Many countries mandate fill lines on glasses used commercially as a consumer protection measure.
Gastrophysics,"Gastrophysics (gastronomical physics) is an emerging interdisciplinary science that employs principles from physics and chemistry to attain a fundamental understanding of the worlds of gastronomy and cooking. Gastrophysical topics of interest include investigations of the raw materials of food, the effects of food preparation, and quantitative aspects of the physical basis for food quality, flavour, appreciation and absorption in the human body."
Llibre del Coch,"The Llibre del Coch, or Llibre de doctrina per a ben servir, de tallar y del art de coch cs (ço es) de qualsevol manera, potatges y salses compost per lo diligent mestre Robert coch del Serenissimo senyor Don Ferrando Rey de Napols, is a Catalan recipe book written around 1490 by  Master Robert de Nola. Its earliest preserved printed edition is from 1520, published in Catalan in Barcelona. It includes mainly recipes from the Catalan cuisine of the time, some of them inherited from the Llibre de Sent Soví, and some from neighboring countries, such as the Occitan cuisine and the Italian cuisine, including traditions from different areas dominated by the Crown of Aragon, which at that time was spread to the northeastern Mediterranean, Southern Italy, Corsica and Sicily. Despite not including Castilian recipes, was also very successful in Castile, was translated into Spanish in 1525 and republished in this language several times. It is considered of great value for acquiring a good knowledge about the gastronomy of the Renaissance.
This book should not be confused with another lesser known work, which also deals about Catalan cuisine and is called Llibre del Coch o del Ventre de la Canonja de Tarragona, written in 1331 by Guillem Clergue, butler of Guerau de Rocabertí ."
Hotel,"A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator, and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat-screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, a business center with computers, printers, and other office equipment, childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa, and social function services. Hotel rooms are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated rooms. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In Japan, capsule hotels provide a tiny room suitable only for sleeping and shared bathroom facilities.
The precursor to the modern hotel was the inn of medieval Europe. For a period of about 200 years from the mid-17th century, coaching inns served as a place for lodging for coach travelers. Inns began to cater to wealthier clients in the mid-18th century. One of the first hotels in a modern sense was opened in Exeter in 1768. Hotels proliferated throughout Western Europe and North America in the early 19th century, and luxury hotels began to spring up in the later part of the 19th century, paricularly in the United States.
Hotel operations vary in size, function, complexity, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies have set industry standards to classify hotel types. An upscale full-service hotel facility offers luxury amenities, full-service accommodations, an on-site restaurant, and the highest level of personalized service, such as a concierge, room service, and clothes-ironing staff. Full-service hotels often contain upscale full-service facilities with many full-service accommodations, an on-site full-service restaurant, and a variety of on-site amenities. Boutique hotels are smaller independent, non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments offer a limited amount of on-site amenities. Economy hotels are small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer basic accommodations with little to no services. Extended stay hotels are small to medium-sized hotels that offer longer-term full-service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel.
Timeshare and destination clubs are a form of property ownership involving ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage. A motel is a small-sized low-rise lodging with direct access to individual rooms from the car parking area. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with a unique environment or intimate setting. A number of hotels and motels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture. Some hotels are built specifically as destinations in themselves, for example casinos and holiday resorts.
Most hotel establishments are run by a general manager who serves as the head executive (often referred to as the ""hotel manager""), department heads who oversee various departments within a hotel (e.g., food service), middle managers, administrative staff, and line-level supervisors. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by hotel size, function and class, and is often determined by hotel ownership and managing companies."
Fasano Group,"Fasano Group (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡ ʁupo fɐsɐno] officially Restaurante Fasano Ltda.) is a Brazilian multinational hospitality company based in Jardins, São Paulo, Brazil. Founded by the Fasano family in 1902, it currently operates hotels and restaurants in Brazil, Uruguay and the United States. Gero Fasano remains the controlling shareholder with 37% and chairman of the group. As of 2023, Fasano operates 26 Restaurants, 9 Hotels and employs 1,500+ people worldwide."
Flotel,"Flotel, a portmanteau of the terms floating hotel, is the installation of living quarters on top of rafts or semi-submersible platforms. Flotels are used as hotels on rivers or in harbour areas, or as dwelling for working people, especially in the offshore oil industry."
Gabriel Hotel,"The Gabriel Hotel is a group of 18th-century buildings located in the Peristyle in Lorient, France. Designed by Jacques Gabriel, it was commissioned by the Compagnie Perpetuelle des Indes to build an auction house for its merchandise.
The two pavilions are built symmetrically and in a classical style. They are located on either side of a main courtyard, surrounded to the south by a two-hectare French garden, and to the north by a parade ground. Destroyed during World War II, it was rebuilt identically between 1956 and 1959.
Reclaimed by the Royal Navy in 1770 after the dissolution of the Compagnie perpétuelle des Indes, it was used by its staff for almost two centuries. In 2008, the municipality of Lorient bought the buildings and installed its archives and architecture and heritage services."
Hotel Bristol,"The Hotel Bristol is the name of more than 200 hotels around the world.  They range from grand European hotels, such as Hôtel Le Bristol Paris and the Hotel Bristol in Warsaw or Vienna to budget hotels, such as the SRO (single room occupancy) Bristol in San Francisco.  They are not a chain, except in Brazil, where Bristol Hoteis & Resorts has around a dozen hotels throughout the country with the Bristol name."
Hotel thief,"A hotel thief is someone who steals items from the rooms of guests at a hotel.
Several factors may attract a thief to a hotel. Rooms are generally empty for most of the day, with few hiding places for valuable possessions outside of a hotel's safe, which not all guests make use of. Furthermore, it is comparatively easy for a thief to leave a hotel without arousing suspicion, as guests are continually coming and going with luggage.Although hotel room security has improved, with more advanced locks, this has not eradicated hotel theft. A thief can enter a room without needing to pick a lock, for example by pretending to be a guest who has left their key in their room. Items can also be taken while a guest is distracted, for example when checking in.One of the most prolific hotel thieves was Ernest Le Ford, who stole thousands of dollars' worth of jewels from hotels in New York City in the early part of the twentieth century, including taking $8000 worth from a room at the Manhattan Square Hotel. Another nineteenth-century hotel thief successfully stole $60,000 worth of gold dust from a San Francisco hotel.Hotel guests can be considered as hotel thieves as well. CNN reported on a survey of 1,157 four- and five-star hoteliers, which items are stolen the most by guests. An astonishing 49 hotels reported that mattresses had been stolen from their premises."
Hospitality management studies,"Hospitality Management and Tourism is the study of the hospitality industry. A degree in the subject may be awarded either by a university college dedicated to the studies of hospitality management or a business school with a relevant department. Degrees in hospitality management may also be referred to as hotel management, hotel and tourism management, or hotel administration. Degrees conferred in this academic field include BA, Bachelor of Business Administration, BS, BASc, B.Voc, MS, MBA, Master of Management, PhD and short term course. Hospitality management covers hotels, restaurants, cruise ships, amusement parks, destination marketing organizations, convention centers, country clubs and many more."
Hotel,"A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator, and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat-screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, a business center with computers, printers, and other office equipment, childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa, and social function services. Hotel rooms are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated rooms. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In Japan, capsule hotels provide a tiny room suitable only for sleeping and shared bathroom facilities.
The precursor to the modern hotel was the inn of medieval Europe. For a period of about 200 years from the mid-17th century, coaching inns served as a place for lodging for coach travelers. Inns began to cater to wealthier clients in the mid-18th century. One of the first hotels in a modern sense was opened in Exeter in 1768. Hotels proliferated throughout Western Europe and North America in the early 19th century, and luxury hotels began to spring up in the later part of the 19th century, paricularly in the United States.
Hotel operations vary in size, function, complexity, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies have set industry standards to classify hotel types. An upscale full-service hotel facility offers luxury amenities, full-service accommodations, an on-site restaurant, and the highest level of personalized service, such as a concierge, room service, and clothes-ironing staff. Full-service hotels often contain upscale full-service facilities with many full-service accommodations, an on-site full-service restaurant, and a variety of on-site amenities. Boutique hotels are smaller independent, non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments offer a limited amount of on-site amenities. Economy hotels are small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer basic accommodations with little to no services. Extended stay hotels are small to medium-sized hotels that offer longer-term full-service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel.
Timeshare and destination clubs are a form of property ownership involving ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage. A motel is a small-sized low-rise lodging with direct access to individual rooms from the car parking area. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with a unique environment or intimate setting. A number of hotels and motels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture. Some hotels are built specifically as destinations in themselves, for example casinos and holiday resorts.
Most hotel establishments are run by a general manager who serves as the head executive (often referred to as the ""hotel manager""), department heads who oversee various departments within a hotel (e.g., food service), middle managers, administrative staff, and line-level supervisors. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by hotel size, function and class, and is often determined by hotel ownership and managing companies."
Adjusted RevPAR,"Adjusted RevPAR (or ARPAR, adjusted revenue per available room), is a performance metric used in the hospitality industry. It is calculated by dividing the variable net revenues of a property by the total available rooms (see more formulas below).The difference between ARPAR and other metrics (RevPAR, TRevPAR, GOPPAR) is that it accounts for variable costs and additional revenues."
Average daily rate,"Average Daily Rate (commonly referred to as ADR) is a statistical unit that is often used in the lodging industry. The number represents the average rental income per paid occupied room in a given time period. ADR along with the property's occupancy are the foundations for the property's financial performance.ADR is one of the commonly used financial indicators in hotel industry used to measure how well a hotel performs compared to its competitors and itself (year over year). It is common in the hotel industry for the ADR to gradually increase year over year bringing in more revenue. However, ADR itself is not enough to measure the performance of the hotel. One should combine ADR, occupancy and RevPAR (revenue per available room) to make a sound judgment on hotel performance."
Bachelor of Science in Hospitality & Catering Management,"The Bachelor of Science in Hospitality & Catering Management also known as BSc. HCM is a qualification in Hotel studies. This degree is also sometimes known as BHM (Bachelor of Hospitality Management) or (Bachelor of Hotel Management) and is a very popular Academic degree all over the world.
A combination of Hospitality, Tourism, Management, Arts, Science & Technology are studied in the BSc. HCM Degree. The qualification enhances the ability of the holder to gain jobs in the hospitality industry, of which hotels are an important part."
Bed-making,"Bed-making is the act of arranging the bedsheets and other bedding on a bed, to prepare it for use. It is a household chore, but is also performed in establishments including hospitals, hotels, and military or educational residences. Bed-making is also a common childhood chore."
Brigade de cuisine,"Brigade de cuisine (French: [bʁiɡad də kɥizin], ""kitchen brigade"") is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, commonly referred to as ""kitchen staff"" in English-speaking countries.
The concept was developed by Auguste Escoffier (1846–1935). This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen or in the dining room.
Auguste Escoffier, considered a ""father of haute cuisine"", introduced it in the kitchen of the Savoy Hotel in London.  The MasterClass presentation of it defines a set of 16 roles and notes that variations ""may be found in any modern restaurant kitchen."""
City ledger,"In hotel accounting, the city ledger is the collection of accounts belonging to non-registered guests.  This is distinct from the transient ledger (or front-office ledger, or guest ledger), which is the collection of accounts receivable for guests who are currently registered."
Confederation of Tourism and Hospitality,"The Confederation of Tourism & Hospitality (CTH) is a specialist awarding organisation, offering vocational qualifications for the hospitality, culinary and tourism industries, worldwide. 
CTH is recognised and regulated by Ofqual, the regulator for qualifications, exams and tests in England."
Cover (hospitality),"Cover is a unit of measurement in the hospitality industry. It can refer to a meal, or a customer for whom the meal is served. It is used for the purpose of business forecasting."
Hospitality Review,The International Hospitality Review is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering the hospitality and tourism fields. It is published by the Florida International University School of Hospitality & Tourism Management. The editor-in-chief is Jinlin Zhao.
Hotel energy management,"Hotel Energy Management is the practice of controlling procedures, operations and equipment that contribute to the energy use in a hotel operation. This can include electricity, gas, water or other natural resources. Because hotels can have complicated operations and extensive facilities they utilize many different types of energy resources. Hotel energy usages are tracked and classified by the U.S. Department of Energy and statistics are regularly published in the Energy Information Administration annual reports."
Hotel manager,"A hotel manager, hotelier, or lodging manager is a person who manages the operation of a hotel, motel, resort, or other lodging-related establishment. Management of a hotel operation includes, but is not limited to management of hotel staff, business management, upkeep and sanitary standards of hotel facilities, guest satisfaction and customer service, marketing management, sales management, revenue management, financial accounting, purchasing, and other functions. The title ""hotel manager"" or ""hotelier"" often refers to the hotel's General Manager who serves as a hotel's head executive, though their duties and responsibilities vary depending on the hotel's size, purpose, and expectations from ownership. The hotel's General Manager is often supported by subordinate department managers that are responsible for individual departments and key functions of the hotel operations."
Hotel toilet paper folding,"Hotel toilet paper folding is a common practice performed by hotels worldwide as a way of assuring guests that the bathroom has been cleaned.The common fold normally involves creating a triangle or ""V"" shape out of the first available sheet or square on a toilet paper roll. Commonly, the two corners of that sheet are tucked behind the paper symmetrically, forming a point at the end of the roll. More elaborate folding results in shapes like fans, sailboats, and even flowers.
Toilet paper folding is also known as ""toilet paper origami"" or ""toilegami"". The practice has been considered an emblematic example of a meme copied across the world from a hotel to another, until it became common."
HTMi,"HTMi, Hotel and Tourism Management Institute Switzerland is a private educational institute, that offers undergraduate and postgraduate academic degrees. The Institute provides hospitality management development courses and has its campus in Sörenberg, Switzerland. Each semester the Institute has approximately 200 students from more than 35 nationalities to engage its range of programmes, of which a similar number of additional students will be concurrently undertaking work placements, supported by the school, in Switzerland and internationally to consolidate their academic training. Currently, the Hotel and Tourism Management Institute is organised into six centres:
The School of International Hotel and Tourism Management
The Centre for Career Management
The International Hospitality Research Centre Switzerland
The Centre for Culinary Management
The Centre for Events Management Training
The Student Service CentreThe school has two main buildings in Sörenberg which provide classrooms, training restaurants, accommodation and offices. These are Hotel Campus Mariental and Hotel Campus Panorama."
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management,"Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) is an institute based in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, with campuses in Bhubaneswar, Noida,  Nellore, and Goa, offering training, education and research in sustainable management of tourism, travel and other allied sectors. It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. It was established in 1983."
International Tourism Management,"International Tourism Management is a degree course, whose main focuses with regard to contents consist of business basics with a tourism covering, cross cultural and social competence as well as leadership- and professional competence."
Aimbridge Hospitality,"Aimbridge Hospitality is a global third-party management company with over 1500 hotels globally.
The company was originally founded by Dave Johnson in 2003 with eight hotels. As of 2021, Aimbridge held 1,218 properties in its portfolio with a combined 171,019 rooms  across all 50 states and 23 countries"
Les Roches Jin Jiang International Hotel Management College,"Les Roches Jin Jiang International Hotel Management College (LRJJ), founded in 2004, is a private college in Shanghai, P.R. China. LRJJ offers undergraduate and postgraduate diploma programs in international hospitality management, with more than 870 enrolled students from all over the world."
Les Roches Marbella International School of Hotel Management,"Les Roches Global Hospitality Education - Marbella, Spain is a satellite campus of the Swiss university Les Roches International School of Hotel Management and is located in the town of Marbella in Spain's Costa del Sol region. The campus, which focuses on luxury hotel management, was established in 1995 and offers a Bachelor of Business Administration, postgraduate degree, master's degree, and an executive master's degree in global/international hospitality management and a Master's in marketing and management for luxury tourism. In 2002, Les Roches became a member of the Laureate Education group and in 2004 became the first school in Spain to receive accreditation from the New England Association of Schools & Colleges. In 2016, Les Roches was acquired by Eurazeo and placed under the Sommet Education umbrella."
Loews Hotels,"Loews Hotels is an American luxury hospitality company that owns or operates 26 hotels in the United States and Canada. Loews' hotels and resorts are located in major North American city centers and resort destinations.Headquartered in New York City, Loews Hotels is a wholly owned subsidiary of Loews Corporation. Jonathan Tisch is the current chairman of Loews Hotels. Alex Tisch, the company's former president, will be Loews' new CEO effective January 1, 2023.The company currently owns and/or operates 25 hotels and resorts in the United States and Canada, including New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Orlando, San Diego, and Nashville."
MICE tourism,"Meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions tourism (MICE tourism) is a type of tourism in which large groups, usually planned well in advance, are brought together. Recently there has been an industry trend toward using the term ""meetings industry"" to avoid confusion from the acronym. Other industry educators are recommending the use of ""events industry"" to be an umbrella term for the vast scope of the meeting and events and profession.Most components of MICE are well understood from their names, perhaps with the exception of incentives. Incentive tourism is usually undertaken as a type of employee reward by a company or institution for targets met or exceeded, or a job well done. Unlike the other types of MICE tourism, incentive tourism is usually conducted purely for entertainment, rather than professional or education purposes. MICE events are usually centered on a theme or topic and are aimed at a professional, school, academic or trade organization or other special interest group."
Restaurant management,"Restaurant management is the profession of managing a restaurant. Associate, bachelor, and graduate degree programs are offered in restaurant management by community colleges, junior colleges, and some universities in the United States.One hierarchical system for organizing a restaurant's kitchen staff is the brigade de cuisine system developed by Auguste Escoffier (1846–1935).
Presumably there are other systems."
RevPAR,"RevPAR, or revenue per available room, is a performance metric in the hotel industry that is calculated by dividing a hotel's total guestroom revenue by the room count and the number of days in the period being measured. However, if the calculation uses total hotel revenue instead of guestroom revenue it equals TRevPAR (Total Revenue Per Available Room). TRevPAR is another closely related performance metric in the hotel industry.
Since RevPAR is only a measurement for a point in time (say a day, or month or year) it is most often compared to the same time frame. It is often used in comparison to competitors within a custom defined market, trading area, or advertising region or a self-selected competitive set as defined by the hotel's owner or manager, which is referred to as RevPAR Index or RGI (Revenue Generating Index).  Also, comparisons are usually best considered between hotels of the same type, or with target customers. (e.g. full service, luxury, extended stay, economy)
A few syndicated data companies compile RevPAR information across markets via voluntary survey, and provide compiled blinded information back to the industry.  The STAR report is one such widely used report, and is provided by STR.
Other Caveats:

Successful RevPAR numbers differ from market to market based on demand and other factors.
Best compared across like time periods.  For example, it is proper to compare RevPAR on a Friday only versus other Fridays.
Best compared across similar seasonal time periods.  For example, comparing results from the Christmas week with the same a year previous is more credible than with a non-holiday week."
Tourism and Hospitality Research,Tourism and Hospitality Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of hospitality management. The editor is Marina Novelli (University of Brighton). It was established in 2004 and is published by SAGE Publications.
Towel animal,"A towel animal is a depiction of an animal created by folding small towels. It is conceptually similar to origami, but uses towels rather than paper. Some common towel animals are elephants, snakes, rabbits and swans.

Carnival, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Disney Cruise Line, Royal Caribbean, Disney Hotels and Holland America Line cruises will often place towel animals on a patron's bed as part of their nightly turndown service. Towel animals are also appearing in higher-end hotels and resorts such as Grupo Vidanta's Grand Luxxe Residence Clubs in Nuevo Vallarta and Riviera Maya.

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TRevPAR,"TRevPAR, or total revenue per available room, is a performance metric in the hotel industry. TRevPAR is calculated by dividing the total net revenues of a property by the total available rooms.TRevPAR is the preferred metric for accountants and hotel owners because it effectively determines the overall financial performance of a property, while RevPAR only takes into account revenue from rooms. TRevPAR is useful for hotels where rooms are not necessarily the largest component of the business. Outlets such as banquet halls also provide a source of revenue for these hotels."
Birgit Zotz,"Birgit Zotz (born 7 August 1979) is an Austrian writer, cultural anthropologist and an expert on the subject of hospitality management studies."
Nightclub,"A nightclub is a club that is open at night, usually for drinking, dancing and other entertainment. Nightclubs often have a bar and discothèque (usually simply known as disco) with a dance floor, laser lighting displays, and a stage for live music or a disc jockey (DJ) who plays recorded music. Nightclubs tend to be smaller than live music venues like theatres and stadiums, with few or no seats for customers.
Nightclubs generally restrict access to people in terms of age, attire, personal belongings, and inappropriate behaviors. Nightclubs typically have dress codes to prohibit people wearing informal, indecent, offensive, or gang-related attire from entering. Unlike other entertainment venues, nightclubs are more likely to use bouncers to screen prospective patrons for entry.
The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday nights. Most nightclubs cater to a particular music genre or sound for branding effects. Some nightclubs may offer food and beverages (including alcoholic beverages).

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Afterhours club,"An afterhours club (aka after hours club and afterhour club) is a nightclub that is open past the designated curfew closing time for clubs that serve alcohol (which is often an hour long). Such clubs may cease serving alcohol at the designated time, but have special permission to remain open to customers and to sell non-alcoholic sodas and often highly caffeinated drinks.
In Western Europe — specifically in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom — 24-hour ""music and dance"" licences, which do not necessarily have alcohol restrictions, are granted.In North America, afterhours clubs are typically small venues for professional musicians and entertainers to perform after their main gigs and patrons seeking entertainment after their evening's main event."
Booking (clubbing),"Booking (Korean: 부킹) is a common practice in South Korean night clubs of forced socialization. Booking is a practice in which waiters bring female patrons, sometimes forcibly, to a table to sit with men. Both parties are free to leave at any time, or depending on mutual interest, they can continue to sit together and drink and talk. Although outwardly similar, to outsiders, these are not hostess clubs, and although the men are expected to tip and pay their waiters to bring women to their table, the women are not employees nor are they prostitutes but fellow clubbers."
Bouncer,"A bouncer (also known as a doorman or door supervisor) is a type of security guard, employed at venues such as bars, nightclubs, cabaret clubs, stripclubs, casinos, hotels, billiard halls, restaurants, sporting events, schools, concerts, balls or movie theaters. A bouncer's duties are to provide security, to check legal age and drinking age, to refuse entry for intoxicated persons, and to deal with aggressive, violent or verbal behavior or disobedience with statutory or establishment rules. 
They are civilians and they are often hired directly by the venue, rather than by a security firm. Bouncers are often required where crowd size, clientele or alcohol consumption may make arguments or fights a possibility, or where the threat or presence of criminal gang activity or violence is high. At some clubs, bouncers are also responsible for ""face control"", choosing who is allowed to patronize the establishment. Some establishments may also assign a bouncer to be responsible for cover charge collections. In the United States, civil liability and court costs related to the use of force by bouncers are ""the highest preventable loss found within the [bar] industry"", as many United States bouncers are often taken to court and other countries have similar problems of excessive force. In many countries, federal or state governments have taken steps to professionalise the industry by requiring bouncers to have training, licensing, and a criminal records background check."
Club drug,"Club drugs, also called rave drugs or party drugs, are a loosely defined category of recreational drugs which are associated with discothèques in the 1970s and nightclubs, dance clubs, electronic dance music (EDM) parties, and raves in the 1980s to today. Unlike many other categories, such as opiates and benzodiazepines, which are established according to pharmaceutical or chemical properties, club drugs are a ""category of convenience"", in which drugs are included due to the locations they are consumed and/or where the user goes while under the influence of the drugs. Club drugs are generally used by adolescents and young adults.
Club drugs range from entactogens such as MDMA (""ecstasy""), 2C-B (""nexus"") and inhalants (e.g., nitrous oxide and poppers) to stimulants (e.g., amphetamine and cocaine), depressants/sedatives (Quaaludes, GHB, Rohypnol) and psychedelic and hallucinogenic drugs (LSD and DMT). Dancers at all-night parties and dance events have used some of these drugs for their stimulating properties since the 1960s Mod subculture in U.K., whose members took amphetamine to stay up all night. In the 1970s disco scene, the club drugs of choice shifted to the stimulant cocaine and the depressant Quaaludes. Quaaludes were so common at disco clubs that the drug was nicknamed ""disco biscuits"". In the 1990s and 2000s, methamphetamine and MDMA are sold and used in many clubs. ""Club drugs"" vary by country and region; in some regions, even opiates such as heroin and morphine have been sold at clubs, though this practice is relatively uncommon. Narconon states that other synthetic drugs used in clubs, or which are sold as ""Ecstasy"", include harmaline; piperazines (e.g., BZP and TFMPP); PMA/PMMA; mephedrone (generally used outside the US) and MDPV.The legal status of club drugs varies according to the region and the drug. Some drugs are legal in some jurisdictions, such as ""poppers"" (which are often sold as ""room deodorizer"" or ""leather polish"" to get around drug laws) and nitrous oxide (which is legal when used from a whipped cream can). Other club drugs, such as amphetamine, are generally illegal unless the individual has a medical prescription. Some club drugs are almost always illegal, such as cocaine and MDMA.
There are a range of risks from using club drugs. As with all drugs, from legal drugs like alcohol to illegal drugs like BZP, usage can increase the risk of injury due to falls, dangerous or risky behavior (e.g., unsafe sex) and, if the user drives, injury or death due to impaired driving accidents. Some club drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines, are addictive, and regular use can lead to the user craving more of the drug. Some club drugs are more associated with overdoses. Some club drugs can cause adverse health effects which can be harmful to the user, such as the dehydration associated with MDMA use in an all-night dance club setting."
Clubbing (subculture),"Clubbing (also known as club culture, related to raving) is the activity of visiting and gathering socially at nightclubs (discotheques, discos or just clubs) and festivals. That includes socializing, listening to music, dancing, drinking alcohol and sometimes using recreational drugs. It is often done to hear new music on larger, high-end audio systems than one would not usually have in one's home, or for socializing and meeting new people. Clubbing and raves have historically referred to grass-roots organized, anti-establishment and unlicensed all night dance parties, typically featuring electronically produced dance music, such as techno, house, trance and drum and bass."
Dance bar,"Dance bar is a term used in India to refer to bars in which adult entertainment in the form of dances by relatively well-covered women are performed for male patrons in exchange for cash. Dance bars used to be present only in Maharashtra, but later spread across the country, mainly in cities. Dance bars are a flirtatious world of fantasy catering to the need of feeling of being wanted.Dance bars were banned in the state of Maharashtra in August 2005, which was first struck down by the Bombay High Court on 12 April 2006, and the verdict was upheld by the Supreme Court in July 2013. The Maharashtra government banned dance bars again in 2014 by an Ordinance, but this too was found ""unconstitutional"" by the Supreme Court in October 2015, allowing Mumbai dance bars to reopen."
Disco ball,"A disco ball (also known as a mirror ball or glitter ball) is a roughly spherical object that reflects light directed at it in many directions, producing a complex display. Its surface consists of hundreds or thousands of facets, nearly all of approximately the same shape and size, and each having a mirrored surface. Usually it is mounted well above the heads of the people present, suspended from a device that causes it to rotate steadily on a vertical axis and illuminated by spotlights, so that stationary viewers experience beams of light flashing over them, and see myriad spots of light spinning around the walls of the room.
Miniature glitter balls are sold as novelties and used for a number of decorative purposes, including dangling from the rear-view mirror of an automobile or Christmas tree ornaments. Glitter balls may have inspired a homemade version in the sparkleball, the American outsider craft of building decorative light balls out of Christmas lights and plastic cups.

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Fetish club,"A fetish club is a nightclub, bar, social club or other entertainment hub which caters to clientele interested in some of (but not necessarily all) fetish fashion, bondage, dominance/submission, and/or sadism and masochism (BDSM). Some clubs have active ""play"" going on inside the club while others are a socialising place for like-minded people.
Fetish Community events take place at specialty fare hosted at other public venues and night clubs.
Activities at fetish clubs have been interpreted as ""neo-burlesque, freak show, queer and body mutation styles"".  The fetish club as carnival represents a rejection of ""official"" world views."
Jazz club,"A jazz club is a venue where the primary entertainment is the performance of live jazz music, although some jazz clubs primarily focus on the study and/or promotion of jazz-music. Jazz clubs are usually a type of nightclub or bar, which is licensed to sell alcoholic beverages. Jazz clubs were in large rooms in the eras of Orchestral jazz and big band jazz, when bands were large and often augmented by a string section. Large rooms were also more common in the Swing era, because at that time, jazz was popular as a dance music, so the dancers needed space to move. With the transition to 1940s-era styles like Bebop and later styles such as soul jazz, small combos of musicians such as quartets and trios were mostly used, and the music became more of a music to listen to, rather than a form of dance music. As a result, smaller clubs with small stages became practical.
In the 2000s, jazz clubs may be found in the basements of larger residential buildings, in storefront locations or in the upper floors of retail businesses. They can be rather small compared to other music venues, such as rock music clubs, reflecting the intimate atmosphere of jazz shows and long-term decline in popular interest in jazz. Despite being called ""clubs"", these venues are usually not exclusive. Some clubs, however, have a cover charge if a live band is playing. Some jazz clubs host ""jam sessions"" after hours or on early evenings of the week. At jam sessions, both professional musicians and amateurs will typically share the stage."
Matinée (disco),"In Argentina and other South American countries, a matinée (also spelled matiné) is a discothèque open to teenagers (usually between 14 and 18) before midnight. It was introduced in the 1990s because laws prohibited young people from going to dance in bars and nightclubs that served alcoholic drinks.Throughout the 20th century up to the 1980s, the word matinée was used in Argentina for the first film exhibition of the day, usually around 2 p.m. and often intended for children. A matinée would usually feature a double feature of two films, with a live performance in between (usually a singer or comedy act) in the early decades of the century.A loanword to Spanish from French word matinée (in turn from the French matin: 'morning'), the word was used in France (although not in its literal sense) to contrast from soirée (from soir: 'evening') and from nuit ('night')."
Nightclub management software,"Nightclub management software (NMS) or a nightclub management system is a compiled management information system produced solely for nightclubs and can also be modified for bars, festivals, pubs, and live events. These systems will commonly cover the needs of nightclubs in the form of CRM, bookings, ticketing, EPOS, and administration capabilities for running the venue. With the nightclub industry in contraction during the period of recession during 2007-2009 many nightclubs are sourcing new avenues for marketing reach expansion."
Rave,"A rave (from the verb: to rave) is a dance party at a warehouse, club, or other public or private venue, typically featuring performances by DJs playing electronic dance music. The style is most associated with the early 1990s dance music scene when DJs played at illegal events in musical styles dominated by electronic dance music from a wide range of sub-genres, including drum and bass, dubstep, trap, break, happy hardcore, techno, hardcore, house, and alternative dance. Occasionally live musicians have been known to perform at raves, in addition to other types of performance artists such as go-go dancers and fire dancers. The music is amplified with a large, powerful sound reinforcement system, typically with large subwoofers to produce a deep bass sound. The music is often accompanied by laser light shows, projected coloured images, visual effects and fog machines.
While some raves may be small parties held at nightclubs or private homes, some raves have grown to immense size, such as the large festivals and events featuring multiple DJs and dance areas (e.g., the Castlemorton Common Festival in 1992). Some electronic dance music festivals have features of raves, but on a larger, often commercial scale. Raves may last for a long time, with some events continuing for twenty-four hours, and lasting all through the night. Law enforcement raids and anti-rave laws have presented a challenge to the rave scene in many countries. This is due to the association of rave culture with illegal drugs such as MDMA (often referred to as a ""club drug"" or ""party drug"" along with MDA), amphetamine, LSD, GHB, ketamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, and cannabis. In addition to drugs, raves often make use of non-authorized, secret venues, such as squat parties at unoccupied homes, unused warehouses, or aircraft hangars. These concerns are often attributed to a type of moral panic surrounding rave culture."
Red Envelope Club,"A Red Envelope Club (Chinese: 紅包場; pinyin: hóngbāocháng) is a form of Cabaret in Taiwan that originated in Taipei in the 1960s as an imitation of Shanghai Cabaret.  In these cabarets, female singers sing old Chinese songs from the 1920s to 1950s to mostly older men, many of whom were soldiers in General Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang army that fled Mainland China after the Chinese Civil War. The cabarets get their name from the fact that the audience gives the singers, who they appreciate, money in red envelopes.  The remaining clubs are mostly located in the Ximending District of Taipei on Hankou Street, Emei Street, and Xining South Road."
Submerge (nightclub),"For the 1998 Japanese album Submerge, see Coaltar of the DeepersSubmerge is an Indian dance and clubbing scene founded in 2002 by MTV India VJ Nikhil Chinapa, with DJ Pearl, Chinappa's wife, as a co-founder.
Submerge has been influential in the music and clubbing scene in India by creating an alternative to the then existing music mainstream, playing music: techno, trance, house, progressive, psychedelic, tribal, electro and tech house sounds and unreleased or indie sounds. It is also host to many internationally renowned names in DJing and is planning to spread the formula all over India with big Indian and international names.

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Superclub,"A superclub is a very large or superior nightclub, often with several rooms with different themes. The term was first coined in Mixmag, the British electronic dance and clubbing magazine, in 1995, referring to the new wave of clubs such as Ministry of Sound and Cream, which were dominating the English club scene.Superclubs may include nightclubs that have high capacity, or are multi-story, high profile, and operate city and region wide or are well known. Some superclubs are owned and managed by a dance music record label or a club that was or is culturally important. The term may also be used to define its position within the club scene hierarchy.Forerunners of contemporary superclubs already existed in the early 20th century. The Guardian describes the Moka Efti in Berlin, a major dancing establishment of the Golden Twenties, as a ""1920s superclub"".Privilege Ibiza is the ""world's largest nightclub"" according to the Guinness Book of Records, with a capacity of 10,000 people."
Supper club,"A supper club is a traditional dining establishment that also functions as a social club. The term may describe different establishments depending on the region, but in general, supper clubs tend to present themselves as having a high-class image, even if the price is affordable to all. In the 2010s, a newer usage of the term supper club emerged, referring to underground restaurants."
Ultra lounge,
List of bouncers,"This list of notable bouncers includes celebrities and historical figures who worked as bouncers, often before they became famous in another profession or field."
List of jazz venues,"This is a list of notable venues where jazz music is played. It includes jazz clubs, clubs, dancehalls and historic venues such as theatres. A jazz club is a venue where the primary entertainment is the performance of live jazz music. Jazz clubs are usually a type of nightclub or bar, which is licensed to sell alcoholic beverages. Jazz clubs were in large rooms in the eras of Orchestral jazz and big band jazz, when bands were large and often augmented by a string section. Large rooms were also more common in the Swing era, because at that time, jazz was popular as a dance music, so the dancers needed space to move. With the transition to 1940s-era styles like Bebop and later styles such as soul jazz, small combos of musicians such as quartets and trios were mostly used, and the music became more of a music to listen to, rather than a form of dance music. As a result, smaller clubs with small stages became practical.
In the 2000s, jazz clubs may be found in the basements of larger residential buildings, in storefront locations or in the upper floors of retail businesses. They can be rather small compared to other music venues, such as rock music clubs, reflecting the intimate atmosphere of jazz shows and long-term decline in popular interest in jazz. Despite being called ""clubs"", these venues are usually not exclusive. Some clubs, however, have a cover charge if a live band is playing. Some jazz clubs host ""jam sessions"" after hours or on early evenings of the week. At jam sessions, both professional musicians and advanced amateurs will typically share the stage.

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Cabane Choucoune,"Cabane Choucoune, is a cabaret and thatch-roofed club in Pétion-Ville, Haiti. It was built on 8 December 1940 by Max Ewald. It is known as one of the best méringue dance clubs. Historically, it has featured Haitian artists such as Nemours Jean-Baptiste as well as international entertainers.The construction appears like an inverted ice cream cone, that is high-peaked with a thatched cupola on top. From a distance, it resembles a chief's African jungle hut.It is located about 500 m (1,600 ft) up the mountains behind Port-au-Prince, in Pétion-Ville, home to the country's elite."
Cabo Wabo,"Cabo Wabo is a nightclub, restaurant and bar company founded in 1990 by American rock musician Sammy Hagar. Located in Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico franchises exist along the Las Vegas Strip and on Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. It also has its own signature brand of tequila with the title of same name of the company."
Chez Ntemba,"Chez Ntemba is a chain of nightclubs owned by Congolese business man Augustin kayembeThe first Chez Ntemba nightclub was founded in 1992 in Lusaka. As of 2014 there are 41 night clubs all across sub-Saharan Africa. In June 2016, Chez Ntemba, hosted a music concert in the Kabulonga suburb of Lusaka."
The EndUp,"The EndUp is a nightclub in San Francisco, California. Opened in 1973, the club is located at 6th Street and Harrison in the South of Market district. Known for its status as an afterhours club, the venue has hosted a variety of benefits and events during its time as part of San Francisco's nightlife community.

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Fábrica de Arte Cubano,"La Fábrica de Arte Cubano (known locally as La Fábrica de Arte or F.A.C) is an art gallery and club in Havana, Cuba. The Fábrica's gallery and stage were established inside of a former cooking oil factory, and has since gained notoriety as one of Havana's premier nightclubs and art galas. Several news outlets have described the factory as a symbol of Cuba's accelerating opening to the world."
Go-go bar,"A go-go bar is a type of business establishment where alcoholic drink is sold and dancers provide entertainment. The term go-go bar originally referred  to a nightclub, bar, or similar establishment that featured go-go dancers; while some go-go bars in that original sense still exist, the link between its present uses and that original meaning is often more tenuous and regional. Speaking broadly, the term has been used by venues that cover a wide range of businesses, from nightclubs or discotheques, where dancers are essentially there to set the mood, to what are in essence burlesque theaters or strip clubs, where dancers are part of a show and the primary focus."
Green Valley (club),"Green Valley is a nightclub in Camboriú, Brazil. It was founded in 2007 as a large tent-based party on a jungle-based airfield, but has since grown into ""a festival-sized jungle club"", and is known for its incorporation of the Brazilian rainforest into its establishment.In 2012 it first made the top three nightclubs in the world as ranked by DJ Mag, coming it at number three. Starting in 2013, it has since been named the #1 nightclub in the world by the magazine five times, including in 2020 - the second most of any nightclub in the magazine ranking's history. The years in which it was ranked number one include 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, and the aforementioned 2020, when it was named to the Top 3 clubs in the world for the tenth consecutive year.
In the June of 2020, the club was partially destroyed by the 2020 ""bomb"" cyclone. Following the disaster, management of the club stated they were uncertain if the nightclub would return due to the extent of the damages."
Haoman 17,"Haoman 17 (Hebrew: האומן 17, lit. The Artist 17) is a chain of nightclubs in Israel.
Haoman 17 in Jerusalem has been rated one of the top night clubs in the world.[1] It was opened in 1995 by Ruben Lublin and a group of young promoters from Jerusalem. The Tel Aviv branch was listed in DJ Magazine's Top 100 chart of clubs in 2009. International DJs often play at the club, which is open on Thursday and Friday nights."
Kiss Nightclub,
Laroc Club,"Laroc Club is an open air superclub in Valinhos, Brazil. Occupying an area of approximately 500,000 square feet of space, Laroc is capable of hosting up to 5,000 guests. The club is a venue for EDM and other dance music with performances by artists including Armin van Buuren, Hardwell, Alok, Vintage Culture, Axwell, and others. Laroc Club is currently ranked 9 at the DJ Mag´s Top 100 Clubs."
M1NT,"M1NT is a nightclub business originally set-up in London in 2004 by Alistair Paton, but currently their one and only venue is located in Shanghai. The first M1NT was a private members club in the Knightsbridge district of London.  Whilst opening to great publicity due to its then collective ownership business model, the project was short-lived due to M1NT's landlord (Ramsay Holdings, owned by television chef and restaurateur Gordon Ramsay) closing his adjoining restaurant Pengelley's.
In 2012 M1NT launched M1NT Cellars, which is a premier wine shop in Shanghai that presents the M1NT luxury experience online and offline, offering authentic imported wines, spirits, and beer. With a physical store and online presence, M1NT Cellars allowed customers across China, especially in Shanghai to buy wine online."
Magic Circus,"Magic Circus was a nightclub in Mexico City. It opened in 1982 and was located at 3 Rodolfo Gaona, Lomas De Sotelo.
The club was a complex of three venues: ""Magic Circus"", the main club, ""Privilege"", a private membership club, and ""Rock Garage"", later named ""Dynamo Garage"".
Magic Circus was the symbol of status and snobbery with celebrities in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Rock and pop concerts with artists such as Soda Stereo, Mecano, Flans, Luis Miguel, as well as electronic dance music by DJ's, were the trademark of the venue. The club was also known for its resident DJ's, including Claudio Yarto, Manuel Novoa, Joaquin Díaz, Luis Gallegos, Yaxkin Restrepo, Mauricio Ponce, Ángel Arciniega Jr., Luis Ángel Hernández and Ulises Jiménez (who was the last DJ who closed the place on Sunday, 29 May 1994, although two weeks later it was reopened by the new owners, it was only called Magic, but it no longer belonged to the Magic Circus chain). It was one of the meeting points of B-boys like Speed Fire and Rapaz, as well as other people in the industry.
Magic Circus opened venues in Huatulco, Oaxaca, Acapulco, Ixtapa and Zihuatanejo in the early 1990s, now all closed."
Orjuwan,"Orjuwan is an upscale restaurant and nightclub in Ramallah.
Orjuwan is located in the ""fashionable"" Ramallah neighborhood of Al-Masyoun.  The restaurant was opened in 2009 by two brothers and a sister from the well-known Sakakini family, Sari, Salim; their sister, Katia.  It offers an Italian-Palestinian fusion cuisine.Co-owner Sari Sakakini  told the New York Times, “We wanted to make five-star gourmet Palestinian food.”  The restaurant's Italian-trained chefs, Iad Abu Khlaf and Samer Jadoun, are particularly proud of their fusion risottos.  Their  risotto al maklouba, is made with cauliflower, eggplant and spices."
The Palladium Niteclub,"The Palladium Niteclub was a nightclub in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, which shared the same name as the famous Palladium in New York City. It opened in 1986 as part of the MacKenzie group. The Palladium was the first night club in Christchurch city to include a full laser lightshow. It was also the largest nightclub in Christchurch with a capacity of about 800 people (this capacity was increased in 1996 after some renovation work). As the largest club in Christchurch, the Palladium was frequented by several international acts. During their 1986 tour of New Zealand, Simple Minds spent the evening there after their show at the Christchurch Town Hall."
Route 36 (bar),"Route 36 is an illegal after-hours lounge in La Paz, Bolivia, and, according to The Guardian, the world's first cocaine bar.  Although cocaine, an addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant, is illegal in Bolivia, political corruption and affordability of locally produced cocaine have resulted in Route 36 becoming a popular destination for thousands of drug tourists each year.  Many customers learn about the bar's existence through travel websites and by word of mouth promotion.  To avoid complaints from nearby business owners or residents, Route 36 does not operate in the same location for more than a few weeks at a time. Its location can only be found by word of mouth information.

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Marc Routh,"Marc Routh is a theatrical producer, entrepreneur and professor."
Sans Souci Cabaret,"The Sans Souci was a nightclub within a natural environment and located seven miles outside of Havana. It had a restaurant and floor shows nightly that attracted a great number of tourists. Its greatest profits came from an amusement arcade operating in a small room next door to the Sans Souci that was not advertised since there was no official license for its exploitation.The 1956 the Cabaret Yearbook describes the venue as ""Usually run by Americans, Sans Souci Cabaret is located in a Spanish-type villa.  Stage, dance floor and tables are under the moonlight.  Shows, like at the other Big Three nightclubs, are production numbers with name acts.  Good-looking U.S. showgirls are an added attraction.  Sans Souci, as well as Tropicana and Montmartre, has a gambling room with roulette, craps and chemin de fer, etc. Located even further out than Tropicana, Sans Souci usually opens only for the winter season."""
The Side Show (nightclub),"The Side Show (formerly known as The Fez) is Moroccan-themed nightclub located on Mechau Street, Cape Town, South Africa. 

The venue consists of four bars, a Bedouin-covered smoking deck, a VIP balcony , a VIP section, and carousel-style booths that run along the main dance floor.  

The Side Show hosted  Nervo – the DJ twins, Tomorrowland DJs (Dimitri Vegas and Like Mike, German Superstar Trance Producer Neelix) ""The official Playboy Launch"", ""The Sports Illustrated Official After Parties"", the prestigious Global Party brand, and several internationals such as Orca, Hed Kandi and Soul Candi Brands."
Space Sharm,"Space Sharm is a nightclub in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt and is an affiliate of the Ibiza nightclub with the same name - Space. The club opened in 2010 and is situated in the heart of the desert. ""Space to Open Club in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt"". Ibiza Spotlight. November 4, 2010. Space Sharm placed number 41 in the DJ Mag Top 100 Clubs in 2013. Space Sharm went up 5 places in 2014 reaching #36 and is officially the number 1 club in the Middle East. In 2015, Space Sharm was voted again number 1 club in the middle east. Musically, Space Sharm is best known for specializing various styles of music not only house music. Space hosts 6 flagship nights commencing from 11pm up until 4am and is open all year round. The club hosted many international producers including Markus Schulz, Dash Berlin, Paul Van Dyk, Aly & Fila, Ferry Corsten, W&W, and many more. In 2012, Ministry of Sound Egypt held a residency at Space Sharm hosting 2 events: 'HedKandi' and 'Smoove'. The brand departed later that year. In 2011, Space collaborated with Egyptian trance duo Aly & Fila by throwing an event at Space Sharm to celebrate the 200th episode of their hugely successful radio show Future Sound of Egypt (FSOE). Space continued to hold regular FSOE events throughout the year due to its popularity in Egypt.

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La Trastienda Club,"La Trastienda Club is a prominent café-concert style venue in Buenos Aires.The club was established in 1993 in a late 19th-century building originally housing a corner grocery in the Montserrat section of Buenos Aires. Seating 400 with standing-room capacity for another 1,000, its proximity to both downtown and the bohemian chic San Telmo section of the city has since helped make it one of the city's best known café-concerts and a leading local venue for artists in the world music, funk, jazz and other genres, featuring performers and bands from both Argentina and abroad."
Tropicana Club,"El Tropicana Night Club in Havana, Cuba located in a lush, six-acre (24,000 m²) estate tropical garden opened on December 30, 1939 at the Villa Mina in Marianao. It is located next door to the old Colegio de Belén, presently, the Instituto Técnico Militar."
Zouk (club),"Zouk is a Singaporean nightclub located in the Clarke Quay district. Opened in 1991, the brand has since expanded to various cities around Asia and North America. One of the country's most prominent nightclubs, it has won the Singapore Tourism Board's ""Best Nightspot Experience"" award 6 times, between 1996 and 2007. Zouk was ranked number 10 on DJ Magazine's list of Top 100 clubs in the world in 2006, 2007 and 2010. In 2017, Zouk Singapore earned its highest ranking yet at number 3, the top entry for clubs across Asia. In 2021, Zouk Singapore was ranked number 11 while Zouk KL was ranked 33 on the DJ Mag Top 100 Clubs list in the world.In September 2015, one of its founders, Lincoln Cheng, sold the rights of the Zouk brand to Genting Hong Kong, an affiliate of Genting Singapore. The brand and its business was valued at S$40 million by the financial audit firm Ernst & Young in 2013. On 1 September 2020, Genting Hong Kong sold Zouk for S$14 million to Tulipa, a firm owned by Lim Keong Hui, the former deputy CEO of Genting Hong Kong and the son of Genting Hong Kong CEO and chairman of Genting Group Lim Kok Thay."
Barista,"A barista ( bə-REE-stə, bə-RIST-ə, Italian: [baˈrista], Spanish: [baˈɾista]; ""bartender"") is a person, usually a coffeehouse employee, who prepares and serves espresso-based coffee drinks."
Bellhop,"A bellhop (North America), or hotel porter (international), is a hotel employee who helps patrons with their luggage while checking in or out. Bellhops often wear a uniform (see bell-boy hat), like certain other page boys or doormen. This occupation is also known as a  bellman and bellboy (pronunciation ) in North America."
Certified Hotel Administrator,"Certified Hotel Administrator (CHA) is the highest certification from the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute.
To be eligible, individuals must fall into one of the following categories:

General Manager, owner/operator in a lodging hospitality company, or corporate executive at a lodging hospitality company responsible for the operation of two or more properties. A corporate executive is defined as ""individual, employed by a firm responsible for the operation of two or more properties, who serves as a regional or corporate director of operations, or has ultimate corporate responsibility for rooms, marketing, accounting and finance, food and beverage, human resources, or engineering.""
Assistant General Manager or Director of Operations/Rooms Division (after successfully completing the Certified Rooms Division Executive certification)According to the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute, the CHA exam consists of 200 multiple-choice questions that must be answered within a four-hour time period. All test questions are designed to test the candidate's mastery of various competencies derived from six key areas of knowledge in combination with on-the-job hospitality work experience. The key areas of testing are:

Financial management
Sales and marketing
Leadership management
Human resources management
Rooms management
Food and beverage management"
Commissionaire,"In mainland Europe, a commissionaire is an attendant, messenger or subordinate employed in hotels, whose chief duty is to attend at railway stations, secure customers, take charge of their luggage, carry out the necessary formalities with respect to it and have it sent on to the hotel. They are also employed in Paris as street messengers, light porters, etc.In Commonwealth countries, a commissionaire may refer to an employee of a Corps of Commissionaires who carries out security or reception duties."
Concierge,"A concierge (French pronunciation: ​[kɔ̃sjɛʁʒ] (listen)) is an employee of a multi-tenant building, such as a hotel or apartment building, who receives guests. The concept has been applied more generally to other hospitality settings and to personal concierges who manage the errands of private clients."
Hotel consolidator,"A hotel consolidator (also called a hotel broker) is a travel company (travel agency or tour operator) or business that buys up blocks of hotel rooms at a predetermined destination and then resells them as package holidays or at discounted rates to final customers. By reselling at a predetermined discount, consolidators can create a market for discounted hotel deals online and pass savings to their customers. Global hotel consolidators usually offer discounted rooms in major tourist destinations, big cities, or popular resorts, while local consolidators focus only on business and competition within particular geographic areas. 
Hotel consolidation can be separated into two main operations: (1) buying blocks of rooms at volume discounts at predetermined destinations, and (2) distributing “excess rooms” offered by hotels not anticipating full occupancy for given dates.As compared to requesting discounts on an individual basis, hotel consolidators are able to achieve much larger savings due to their buying power. By offering reduced room rates to consolidators, hotels can theoretically yield a greater number of reservations, and thus raise greater profit."
Hotel detective,"A hotel detective is a person in plain clothes hired to monitor the security of a hotel and investigate various security, morality, or rule violations therein. They are distinct from uniformed security guards employed by a hotel.
Hotel detectives are often retired and/or ex-police officers with additional training. They have prominence in certain noir fiction, especially in the works of Raymond Chandler, where detectives are occasionally referred to as ""dicks."""
Hotel manager,"A hotel manager, hotelier, or lodging manager is a person who manages the operation of a hotel, motel, resort, or other lodging-related establishment. Management of a hotel operation includes, but is not limited to management of hotel staff, business management, upkeep and sanitary standards of hotel facilities, guest satisfaction and customer service, marketing management, sales management, revenue management, financial accounting, purchasing, and other functions. The title ""hotel manager"" or ""hotelier"" often refers to the hotel's General Manager who serves as a hotel's head executive, though their duties and responsibilities vary depending on the hotel's size, purpose, and expectations from ownership. The hotel's General Manager is often supported by subordinate department managers that are responsible for individual departments and key functions of the hotel operations."
Nakai (vocation),"A nakai (仲居) is a woman who serves as a waitress at a ryokan or Japanese inn.
Originally written as nakai (中居) (meaning ""in the house"" in Japanese), which meant the anteroom in a mansion of a kuge (noble man) or gomonzeki (the princess of Mikado). Nowadays it refers to work in a butler's pantry, homemaking sector, or the managing division and its office staff.
At Kyuchu (the Imperial Court), such women were also named osue. 
In ancient times, nakai meant a lady's maid ranking between kami-jochu (maid of honor) and gejo (the lowest rank of maid). Now it means women who serve visitors in restaurants or inns. They are usually residential staff and work long hours."
Night auditor,A night auditor works at night at the reception of a hotel.
Page (assistance occupation),"A page is an occupation in some professional capacity. Unlike traditional pages, who are normally younger males, these pages tend to be older and can be either male or female."
Pest control worker,
Restroom attendant,"A bathroom attendant, restroom attendant, toilet attendant, or washroom attendant, is a cleaner for a public toilet. They maintain and clean the facilities, ensuring that toilet paper, soap, paper towels, and other necessary items are kept stocked. If there is a fee to use the restroom, it is collected by the attendant if there is no coin-operated turnstile or door.
Some restroom attendants also provide services to the patrons, and keep good order by preventing drug-taking and fights."
Sansuke,"Sansuke (三助) is a term referring to the male working staff who provide specific services at the Sento (銭湯, public bathhouse) in Japan. They were usually hired for both men and women to assist in bathing and provide massage services."
Seasonworker,"In the United Kingdom, a seasonworker (also called a holiday rep or a saisonaire) is a person who spends either their summers or winters working abroad for a tour operator."
Swamper (occupational title),"A swamper in occupational slang is an assistant worker, helper, maintenance person, or someone who performs odd jobs.  The term has its origins circa 1857 in the southern United States to refer to a workman who cleared roads for a timber faller in a swamp, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.  It has since branched out into a variety of meanings, all of which denote some variation on an unskilled laborer working as an assistant to a skilled worker.

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Tour guide,"A tour guide (U.S.) or a tourist guide (European) is a person who provides assistance, information on cultural, historical and contemporary heritage to people on organized sightseeing and individual clients at educational establishments, religious and historical sites such as; museums, and at various venues of tourist attraction resorts. Tour guides also take clients on outdoor guided trips. These trips include hiking, whitewater rafting, mountaineering, alpine climbing, rock climbing, ski and snowboarding in the backcountry, fishing, and biking."
Walmart greeter,"A Walmart greeter is an employee whose role is to wait at the front door of a Walmart store and greet all shoppers who enter. CEO and founder Sam Walton implemented the role nationally in the 1980s. The position is considered to be a big part of the company's identity and culture, as well as one of its most recognized hallmarks.A Walmart greeter stands at the door. The greeter's primary task is to cross-check customers' receipts when they leave, as well as to provide a sunny disposition to welcome customers."
American Academy of Hospitality Sciences,"The American Academy of Hospitality Sciences (AAHS) is a for-profit business based in New York City that reviews and bestows awards on hotels, resorts, spas, airlines, cruise lines, automobiles, products, restaurants and chefs.  The academy began as a restaurant rating business, founded in 1949. The academy is best known for its International Star Diamond Award.The academy is based in New York City and is directed by Joseph Cinque. The independence of the organization and its Star Diamond award have been questioned. The academy has been accused of being closely linked to the business interests of US President Donald Trump. In May 2015, the group listed Trump as an ""ambassador extraordinaire"" for the Academy. Trump himself, a number of his apparent friends and his sons have all served on the organization's board of trustees."
American Hotel and Lodging Association,"The American Hotel and Lodging Association (AHLA; formerly the American Hotel and Motel Association, and before that American Hotel Association) is an industry trade group with thousands of members including hotel brands, owners, management companies, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), independent hotels, bed and breakfasts, state hotel associations and industry partners and suppliers. Its role at various times has included the publication of hotel directories, market research, support of standardization efforts, public or political advocacy for the interests of hotel owners and the establishment or promotion of training programs and facilities for hotel personnel."
Asian American Hotel Owners Association,"The Asian American Hotel Owners Association (AAHOA) is a trade association that represents hotel owners. As of 2022, AAHOA has approximately 20,000 members who own about 60% of the hotels in the United States. AAHOA provides service and support for hoteliers through its educational offerings, policy and political advocacy for the interests of hotel owners, opportunities for professional development, and community engagement.Indian Americans in the hotel and motel industry early on faced discrimination, both from the insurance industry and from competitors placing ""American owned"" signs outside their properties to take business from them. In 1985, a group was formed in Tennessee, the Mid-south Indemnity Association, which then grew nationwide and changed its name to the Indo American Hospitality Association.
Another group of Indian hoteliers was created in Atlanta in 1989 to address discrimination issues and increase awareness of Asian Americans working in the hospitality industry under the name Asian American Hotel Owners Association. In 1994, the organizations merged in order to work more efficiently to defend Asian hotel owners’ interests throughout the United States.The association's current President & CEO, appointed in May 2022, is Laura Lee Blake. A highly accomplished attorney with more than 25 years of experience, Blake most recently served as a partner at Connor, Fletcher, and Hedenkamp LLP in Irvine, California. Blake brings decades of experience in the fields of law, government, business, and academia to AAHOA.
Blake previously worked for AAHOA for nearly 10 years, from 2005 to 2014, as General Counsel & Vice President of Fair Franchising and Government Affairs."
British Hospitality Association,"The British Hospitality Association (BHA), incorporating The Restaurant Association (RA), was a non-government representative body for hotels, clubs, restaurants, leisure outlets and other hospitality-related organisations nationwide headquartered in London, UK. In 2019 it merged with the Association of Licensed Multiple Retailers (ALMR) to form UKHospitality. The association promotes the interests of the hospitality industry to the Government Ministers, Members of Parliament (MPs), Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), Members of the Senedd (MSs), MEPs, the EU Commission, the City and the Media. The association operates by membership-based system."
British Hotels and Restaurants Association,
British Institute of Innkeeping,The British Institute of Innkeeping (BII) is the professional body for individuals working in the licensed retail industry in the UK. This primarily includes pubs and bars.
Confederation of Tourism and Hospitality,"The Confederation of Tourism & Hospitality (CTH) is a specialist awarding organisation, offering vocational qualifications for the hospitality, culinary and tourism industries, worldwide. 
CTH is recognised and regulated by Ofqual, the regulator for qualifications, exams and tests in England."
Hospitality Association of Namibia,The Hospitality Association of Namibia (HAN) is a trade association for the hospitality sector in Namibia. It is fully funded by its members and serves as a self-regulating governing body for all aspects of the hospitality industry. It provides members with guidelines for service and access to training.
Hospitality Awarding Body,"The Hospitality Awarding Body (HAB) was, until January 2010, the United Kingdom's specialist awarding body for hospitality and catering qualifications."
International Dairy-Deli-Bakery Association,"The International Dairy Deli Bakery Association (IDDBA) is a nonprofit trade association, founded in 1964.  Focused in the dairy, deli, and bakery industries, they promote growth through the exchange of ideas, inspiration, and information. They’ve cultivated this growth by providing consumer research, educational tools, training, resources, and the leading tradeshow for dairy, deli, and bakery. From small independents to the world’s largest corporations, the 1,600+ member companies include food retailers, manufacturers, wholesalers, brokers, distributors, and other industry professionals.
IDDBA produces original research, training programs, and on-the-job training guides covering a variety of topics. They publish an annual trends report, What’s in Store, which includes quarterly and annually updated data available online. In addition to educating their members, they also offer opportunities for professional development through scholarships, grants, and the IDDBA Career Center.
The annual tradeshow attracts over 10,000 registrants and over 2,000 exhibit booths. The show is an opportunity for companies to grow their businesses with networking, buying, selling, and an abundance of educational experiences. Top speakers, live demonstrations, merchandising ideas, and shelves of the hottest new products are just a taste of what the show offers."
International Hotel & Restaurant Association,The International Hotel & Restaurant Association (IHRA) is an international trade association representing the interests of the hotel and restaurant industries.
International Luxury Hotel Association,The International Luxury Hotel Association (ILHA) is a nonprofit organization whose purpose is unifying and advancing the luxury hospitality industry. The association is the luxury hotel industry's influencer that reaches hotel and travel professionals through its media channels and publications.  It brings together industry experts and thought leaders to answer the greatest challenges facing the luxury hotel business today.
National Registry of Food Safety Professionals,"National Registry of Food Safety Professionals (NRFSP) is a food safety certification for the restaurant, hotel, and quick service industry business administered by Environmental Health Testing. NRFSP was founded in 1998 through partnerships between the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health and Professional Testing, Inc. and is headquartered in Orlando, Florida, United States.NRFSP's International Certified Food Safety Manager is the first and only food manager safety certification to be accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) based on the ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024 standard for conformity - general requirement for bodies operating certification of persons.  NRFSP’s certification program has been developed to assess the knowledge of entry-level Food Safety Managers in the retail food industry.
The Food Safety Manager examination is acceptable in all states and jurisdictions that recognize those standards set by the Conference for Food Protection and is an assurance of quality in the development and maintenance of the exams. 
NRFSP runs the Food Safety blog.The National Restaurant Association acquired the National Registry of Food Safety Professionals in 2016."
Select Registry,"Select Registry, Distinguished Inns of North America, is a non-profit association of more than 300 country inns, B&Bs and boutique hotels throughout the United States. Founded in 1972, the association is based in Greensboro, Georgia, United States and led by CEO Mark Reichle.

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UKHospitality,
CAMPUS International Hotel School,"The International Hotel School, is located in South Africa, and is an approved Centre of the City & Guilds International organisation; recognised in 120 countries worldwide. The school provides education for the hospitality industry, a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, food and drink service, event planning, theme parks, travel and tourism."
Carnegie School of Home Economics,"The Carnegie School of Home Economics (CSHE) is a service-sector trade school in Guyana.
CSHE trains 1,200 persons annually, including private sector training. The school accommodates 250 part and full-time students, graduating about 100 each year."
The Culinary Institute of Taiwan,"The Culinary Institute of Taiwan (CIT; Chinese: 臺灣觀光學院) was a private college in Shoufeng Township, Hualien County, Taiwan.
The institute offers a variety of culinary programs, including a 2-year Associate Degree in Culinary Arts, a 1-year Certificate in Culinary Arts, and a 6-month Professional Pastry and Baking Course. The curriculum is designed to give students hands-on experience in cooking, baking, and food service, as well as a strong foundation in the culinary arts."
George Brown College,"The George Brown College of Applied Arts and Technology is a public, fully accredited college of applied arts and technology with three campuses in downtown Toronto  (Ontario, Canada). Like many other colleges in Ontario, George Brown College was chartered in 1966 by the government of Ontario and opened the next year."
Holland College,Holland College is the provincial community college for the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island (PEI). It is named after the British Army engineer and surveyor Captain Samuel Holland.
HRC Culinary Academy,"HRC Culinary Academy is an accredited culinary school in Sofia, Bulgaria. Founded in February 2008, the academy has trained more than 800 students from 18 nations. HRC Culinary Academy is the first culinary school in Eastern Europe."
Institut de tourisme et d'hôtellerie du Québec,"The Institut de tourisme et d'hôtellerie du Québec (ITHQ) (English: Quebec Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management) is an institution specializing in professional training related to tourism, hotel management and restaurant management. The ITHQ is the only school in Quebec that provides secondary-level, college-level, university-level and continuing education."
Les Roches Jin Jiang International Hotel Management College,"Les Roches Jin Jiang International Hotel Management College (LRJJ), founded in 2004, is a private college in Shanghai, P.R. China. LRJJ offers undergraduate and postgraduate diploma programs in international hospitality management, with more than 870 enrolled students from all over the world."
Les Roches Marbella International School of Hotel Management,"Les Roches Global Hospitality Education - Marbella, Spain is a satellite campus of the Swiss university Les Roches International School of Hotel Management and is located in the town of Marbella in Spain's Costa del Sol region. The campus, which focuses on luxury hotel management, was established in 1995 and offers a Bachelor of Business Administration, postgraduate degree, master's degree, and an executive master's degree in global/international hospitality management and a Master's in marketing and management for luxury tourism. In 2002, Les Roches became a member of the Laureate Education group and in 2004 became the first school in Spain to receive accreditation from the New England Association of Schools & Colleges. In 2016, Les Roches was acquired by Eurazeo and placed under the Sommet Education umbrella."
National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism,"The National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism (NKUHT; Chinese: 國立高雄餐旅大學; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-li̍p Ko-hiông Chhan-lú Tāi-ha̍k) is a public university located in Siaogang District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.  It is the only public university specializing in hospitality and tourism in Taiwan.The total amount of Bachelor, Master and Doctoral enrollments were 5,331 in 2016."
Pacific Institute of Culinary Arts,"Pacific Institute of Culinary Arts, founded in 1996, is a privately run culinary school located at the entrance of Granville Island in Vancouver, British Columbia. The school is fully accredited by the Private Career Training Institutions Agency of British Columbia until 2014."
Stenden South Africa,"Stenden South Africa is an Institution of Higher Education, located in Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is a branch campus of Stenden University of Applied Sciences in The Netherlands. It was founded in 2002 and offers two specialised degree programmes: Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in Disaster Management and Bachelor of Commerce (BCom) in Hospitality Management. Hospitality students may decide to add a year to their studies and obtain a double degree: The South African B.Com. and The Dutch Bachelor of Business Administration."
Tobago Hospitality and Tourism Institute,"The Tobago Hospitality and Tourism Institute, also known as THTI, is a state owned Institute in Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago founded in 1997. The campus is currently situated on 99 acres (0.40 km2) of land in the Blenheim, Mount Saint George on the island of Tobago of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The Institute caters for graduates from the Secondary Schools or persons with experience in the world of tourism, hospitality and culinary arts. THTI has designed their programs ensuring that students are fully prepared through both theory and practical applications. The institute has a mix of associate degrees, Certificates (Short Courses) and Modular courses.It is one of two Institutes in Trinidad and Tobago, that deal with tourism, hospitality and culinary studies, the other being the Trinidad and Tobago Hospitality and Tourism Institute (TTHTI)."
9flats,"9flats is an online marketplace enabling people to lease or rent short-term lodging. The company does not own any lodging; it is merely a broker and receives commissions from both guests and hosts in conjunction with every booking.The site competes with Airbnb.It has over 50,000 members and 30,000 hosts in 104 countries."
Airbnb,"Airbnb, Inc. ( AIR-BEE-en-BEE) is an American San Francisco-based company operating an online marketplace for short- and long-term homestays and experiences. The company acts as a broker and charges a commission from each booking. The company was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia. Airbnb is a shortened version of its original name, AirBedandBreakfast.com. The company is credited with revolutionizing the tourism industry, while also having been the subject of intense criticism by residents of tourism hotspot cities like Barcelona and Venice for enabling an unaffordable increase in home rents, and for a lack of regulation."
Friendship Force International,"Friendship Force International (FFI) is a nonprofit organization with the mission of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, friendship, and intercultural competence via homestays. The organization operates in more than 60 countries and in 6 continents, with 15,000 active members and over 300 annual programs, called ""Journeys"".
The organization holds continuing fundraising campaigns and has a goal of increasing membership from 15,000 to 25,000 people."
GuestReady,"GuestReady is a property management company and online travel agency headquartered in Trogen, Switzerland. Founded in 2016, it is active in Europe, Middle East and Southeast Asia. It helps hosts manage their properties on online rental marketplaces such as Airbnb.The GuestReady Group offers short-term rental management via the brands GuestReady, Oporto City Flats, and We Stay In Paris. GuestReady focuses on Airbnb management, which includes services such as customer relationship management (CRM), revenue management, marketing channel management, guest check-in, facility and laundry services. The group also offers Business-to-business services and distributes the information technology system as RentalReady to other property managers that intend to offer short-term rental management to their clients.The group is active in Europe, Middle East and Asia. It offers property management as GuestReady in the United Kingdom (London, Manchester, Edinburgh), France (Paris, Cannes, Lyon, Bordeaux), Portugal (Lisbon, Porto), United Arab Emirates (Dubai), Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) and Hong Kong. GuestReady offered Airbnb-management in Singapore between 2016 and 2018 but decided to pull out of the market due to changes in regulation of short-lets in Singapore."
HelpX,"HelpX, short for ""Help Exchange"", is a barter platform in which people offer or receive homestays, including lodging and food, in exchange for performing agreed-upon tasks for a few hours each day. Types of work include gardening, animal welfare, cooking, and farming, among others."
Home exchange,"Home exchange, also known as house swapping, is a form of lodging in which two parties agree to offer each other homestays  for a set period of time. Since no monetary exchange takes place, it is a form of barter, collaborative consumption, and sharing. Home exchange can cover any type of residence including apartments, houses, holiday cottages, boats, or recreational vehicles. It can include an exchange of the entire home or just a room. The length of the swap can vary from a weekend to over a year. The swap can be simultaneous or non simultaneous. Home exchanges are usually arranged via specific types of social networking services, most of which charge a fee.Like all homestays, home exchanges offer several advantages over hotel lodging, including a lower cost and opportunities for cultural diplomacy and friendship.Some networks offer the ability to collect a security deposit.Summer is traditionally the peak season for house swapping, as families travel during school breaks.

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HomeExchange.com,"HomeExchange.com is a network to facilitate home exchanges.Each home has a number of points attributed, called ""Guestpoints"". Members can either do reciprocal exchanges or non-reciprocal exchanges with guestpoints. They earn points by hosting other members, and they can use those to stay at other homes. In order to finalize a reciprocal exchange, members need to activate their annual membership of US$220 (or €160 in Europe) per year, for unlimited exchanges. As of December 2022 homeexchange.com has >100,000 members and over 450,000 homes in 133 countries."
Intervac International,"Intervac International (short for International Vacation) is a service used to arrange home exchanges.Founded in 1953 in Switzerland by several teachers that wanted to travel internationally with a limited budget during their summer vacations, Intervac was the first home exchange network."
Riders Share,"Riders Share (RidersShare, Inc.) is a peer-to-peer motorcycle sharing community based in Austin, Texas. The company matches underused motorcycles with vetted riders that want to rent them. Riders Share uses machine learning to screen riders, supplies owners with insurance policies, and offers roadside assistance to their renters.
As of 2021, Riders Share has a community of 80,000 registered users and over 15,000 members have rented their motorcycles on the platform. They carry a large selection of motorcycles including brands like BMW, Ducati, Harley-Davidson, Indian Motorcycle, and Can-Am.Their mission is to make motorcycles affordable by creating extra income for people who want to rent their bikes and by helping more than 20 million ex-riders in the United States get back on the road.

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SevenRooms,"SevenRooms is a New York City-based restaurant technology company. It develops a cloud-based data platform used by restaurants, hotels, and other venues to take reservations, manage bookings, and collect guest information. The company was founded in 2011."
ThirdHome,"ThirdHome is a global home exchange service, specializing in luxury properties, founded by Wade Shealy in 2010. With its headquarters in Brentwood, Tennessee, United States, the company operates internationally, positioning itself uniquely to cater exclusively to owners of second homes."
Wimdu,"Wimdu, powered by HomeToGo, is an online marketplace for booking lodging, accessible by website and mobile app for iOS and Android. The company does not own any lodging; it is merely a broker and receives commissions from every booking. It is set up as a ""clone"" of similar websites. Wimdu searches and redirects users to the website that has the relationship with the lodging provider such as Expedia, Booking.com, HomeAway, Vrbo, Hotels.com, TripAdvisor, FlipKey, and Airbnb.
In 2015, the most popular locations booked on Wimdu were:  Paris, Rome, London, Amsterdam, New York City, Lisbon, Berlin, Vienna, Split, Croatia, and Barcelona. The top five places in Germany were Berlin, Munich, Cologne, Dresden, and Leipzig."
Workaway,"Workaway is a platform that allows members to arrange homestays and cultural exchange. Volunteers or ""Workawayers"", are expected to contribute a pre-agreed amount of time per day in exchange for lodging and food, which is provided by their host."
WWOOF,"World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF, ), or World Wide Organization of Organic Farms, is a network of national organizations that facilitate homestays on organic farms. There is no central list or organization that encompasses all WWOOF hosts. As there is no single international WWOOF membership, all recognized WWOOF country organizations strive to maintain similar standards, and cooperate together to promote the aims of WWOOF.WWOOF provides volunteers (often called ""WWOOFers"" or ""woofers"", ) with enough experience in organic and ecologically sound growing methods to help the organic movement. They let volunteers experience life in a rural setting or in a different nation. WWOOF volunteers generally do not receive a salary in exchange for services. The host provides food, lodging, and opportunities to learn, in exchange for assistance with farming or gardening activities for the host.
The duration of the visit can range from days to years. Workdays average five to six hours, and participants interact with WWOOFers from other countries. WWOOF farms include private gardens through smallholdings, allotments, and commercial farms. Farms become WWOOF hosts by enlisting with their regional organization. In countries with no WWOOF organization, farms enlist with WWOOF Independents."
Aburi Botanical Gardens,"Aburi Botanical Gardens is a garden in Aburi in the Eastern Region of Ghana. 
Today, in the 21st century, one cannot talk about horticulture in Ghana and West Africa without talking about the Aburi Botanical Gardens. The Garden occupies an area of 64.8 hectares. It was opened in March 1890 and was founded by Governor William Brandford-Griffith and Dr. John Farrell Easmon, a Sierra Leonean medical doctor. Before the garden was established, it was the site of a sanatorium built in 1875 for Gold Coast government officials. During the governorship of William Brandford-Griffith, a Basel missionary and Jamaican Moravian, Alexander Worthy Clerk, supervised the clearing of land around the sanatorium to start the Botanic Department. In 1890 William Crowther, a student from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, was appointed the garden's first curator. The gardens played an important role in encouraging cocoa production in South Ghana, by supplying cheap cocoa seedlings and information about scientific farming methods. After Hevea brasiliensis was sent to Aburi from Kew in 1893, the gardens also encouraged rubber production in Ghana.In May 2019, the chief of Aburi, Otoobour Djan Kwasi II, called for the privatization of the Aburi Botanical Gardens. He was of the view that it was going to be an opportunity to invite investment to the tourist facility. He said the private investment could revitalize the Gardens and enhance its tourism potential to improve business in the area. 
Aburi Botanic Garden has had many roles over the years including plant introduction and teaching scientific methods of agriculture but today is one of the many institutions leading the fight to save plant diversity through research, growing endangered plants, plant multiplication, horticultural training, and environmental education."
African Bush Camps,"African Bush Camps is an Africa-based safari company. It was founded in 2006 by a Zimbabwean safari guide Beks Ndlovu, a safari guide born and raised in the village of Lupane."
Beach hut,"A beach hut (also known as a beach cabin, beach box or bathing box) is a small, usually wooden and often brightly coloured, box above the high tide mark on popular bathing beaches. They are generally used as a shelter from the sun or wind, changing into and out of swimming attire and for the safe storing of some personal belongings. Some beach huts incorporate simple facilities for preparing food and hot drinks by either bottled gas or occasionally mains electricity."
Budgetplaces,"Budgetplaces is an online travel agency (OTA) that offers low-cost accommodation. As of April 2012, Budgetplaces was working with over 10,000 budget hotels, hostels, bed-and-breakfasts and apartments in more than 100 countries worldwide."
Coaching inn,"The coaching inn (also coaching house or staging inn) was a vital part of Europe's inland transport infrastructure until the development of the railway, providing a resting point (layover) for people and horses. The inn served the needs of travellers, for food, drink, and rest. The attached stables, staffed by hostlers, cared for the horses, including changing a tired team for a fresh one. Coaching inns were used by private travellers in their coaches, the public riding stagecoaches between one town and another, and (in England at least) the mail coach. Just as with roadhouses in other countries, although many survive, and some still offer overnight accommodation, in general coaching inns have lost their original function and now operate as ordinary pubs.
Coaching inns stabled teams of horses for stagecoaches and mail coaches and replaced tired teams with fresh teams. In America, stage stations performed these functions. Traditionally English coaching inns were seven miles apart but this depended very much on the terrain. Some English towns had as many as ten such inns and rivalry between them was intense, not only for the income from the stagecoach operators but for the revenue for food and drink supplied to the passengers. Barnet, Hertfordshire still has an unusually high number of historic pubs along its high street due to its former position on the Great North Road from London to the North of England."
Foster's Log Cabin Court,"Foster's Log Cabin Court (now the Log Cabin Motor Court) is located at 330-332 Weaverville Road in Woodfin, North Carolina, about five miles north of the City of Asheville. One of the first auto-oriented tourism facilities in the Asheville area, it features a number of one and two bedroom Rustic Revival log cabins and a dining lodge. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.  

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Holiday cottage,"A holiday cottage, holiday home, vacation home, or vacation property is accommodation used for holiday vacations, corporate travel, and temporary housing often for less than 30 days.  Such properties are typically small homes, such as cottages, that travelers can rent and enjoy as if it were their own home for the duration of their stay.  The properties may be owned by those using them for a vacation, in which case the term second home applies; or may be rented out to holidaymakers through an agency.
Terminology varies among countries.  In the United Kingdom this type of property is usually termed a holiday home or holiday cottage; in Australia, a holiday house/home, or weekender; in New Zealand, a bach or crib."
Home exchange,"Home exchange, also known as house swapping, is a form of lodging in which two parties agree to offer each other homestays  for a set period of time. Since no monetary exchange takes place, it is a form of barter, collaborative consumption, and sharing. Home exchange can cover any type of residence including apartments, houses, holiday cottages, boats, or recreational vehicles. It can include an exchange of the entire home or just a room. The length of the swap can vary from a weekend to over a year. The swap can be simultaneous or non simultaneous. Home exchanges are usually arranged via specific types of social networking services, most of which charge a fee.Like all homestays, home exchanges offer several advantages over hotel lodging, including a lower cost and opportunities for cultural diplomacy and friendship.Some networks offer the ability to collect a security deposit.Summer is traditionally the peak season for house swapping, as families travel during school breaks.

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Homestay,"Homestay (also home stay and home-stay) is a form of hospitality and lodging whereby visitors share a residence with a local of the area (host) to which they are traveling. The length of stay can vary from one night to over a year and can be provided for free (gift economy), in exchange for monetary compensation, in exchange for a stay at the guest's property either simultaneously or at another time (home exchange), or in exchange for housekeeping or work on the host's property (barter economy). Homestays are examples of collaborative consumption and the sharing economy. Homestays are used by travelers; students who study abroad or participate in student exchange programs; and au pairs, who provide child care assistance and light household duties. They can be arranged via certain social networking services, online marketplaces, or academic institutions. Social networking services where hosts offer homestays for free are called hospitality exchange services.

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Hostel,"A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory, with shared use of a lounge and sometimes a kitchen. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex and have private or shared bathrooms. Private rooms may also be available, but the property must offer dormitories to be considered a hostel. Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers. They are part of the sharing economy. Benefits of hostels include lower costs and opportunities to meet people from different places, find travel partners, and share travel ideas. Some hostels, such as in India or Hostelling International, cater to a niche market of travelers. For example, one hostel might feature in-house social gatherings such as movie nights or communal dinners, another might feature local tours, one might be known for its parties, and another might have a quieter place to relax in serenity, or be located on the beach. Newer hostels focus on a more trendy design interior, some of which are on par with boutique hotels. Some may cater to older digital nomads, global nomads, and perpetual travelers that prefer slightly more upmarket private rooms or a quieter atmosphere. 
Many hostels are locally owned and operated, and are often cheaper for both the operator and occupants than hotels. Hostels may offer long-term lodging to guests for free or at a discount in exchange for work as a receptionist or in housekeeping.
There are approximately 10,000 hostels in Europe and approximately 300 hostels in the United States. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. 
In addition to shared kitchen facilities, some hostels have a restaurant and/or bar. Washing machines and clothes dryers are often provided for an additional fee. Hostels sometimes have entryways for storing gear. Most hostels offer lockers for safely storing valuables. Some bare-bones hostels do not provide linens. Some hostels may have a curfew and daytime lockouts, and some, albeit few, require occupants to do chores apart from washing and drying after food preparation. 
A mobile hostel is a temporary hostel that can take the form of a campsite, bus, van, or a short-term arrangement in a permanent building. They have been used at large festivals or trips where there is a shortage of lodging. 
In some cities, hostels reported a higher average income per room than hotels. For example, in Honolulu, Hawaii, upscale hotels reported average daily room rates of $173 in 2006, while hostel rooms brought in as much as $200 per night, for rooms of eight guests paying $25 each. Even during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, many hostels reported increased occupancy numbers at a time when hotel bookings were down. 
A 2013 study in Australia showed that youth travel was the fastest-growing travel demographic and that the hostel industry was growing at a faster rate than the hotel industry. It showed that youth travel can lead to higher overall spending due to longer trips than traditional vacations. In New Zealand, backpackers hostels had a 13.5% share of lodging guests/nights in 2007."
Hotel,"A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator, and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat-screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, a business center with computers, printers, and other office equipment, childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa, and social function services. Hotel rooms are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated rooms. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In Japan, capsule hotels provide a tiny room suitable only for sleeping and shared bathroom facilities.
The precursor to the modern hotel was the inn of medieval Europe. For a period of about 200 years from the mid-17th century, coaching inns served as a place for lodging for coach travelers. Inns began to cater to wealthier clients in the mid-18th century. One of the first hotels in a modern sense was opened in Exeter in 1768. Hotels proliferated throughout Western Europe and North America in the early 19th century, and luxury hotels began to spring up in the later part of the 19th century, paricularly in the United States.
Hotel operations vary in size, function, complexity, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies have set industry standards to classify hotel types. An upscale full-service hotel facility offers luxury amenities, full-service accommodations, an on-site restaurant, and the highest level of personalized service, such as a concierge, room service, and clothes-ironing staff. Full-service hotels often contain upscale full-service facilities with many full-service accommodations, an on-site full-service restaurant, and a variety of on-site amenities. Boutique hotels are smaller independent, non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments offer a limited amount of on-site amenities. Economy hotels are small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer basic accommodations with little to no services. Extended stay hotels are small to medium-sized hotels that offer longer-term full-service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel.
Timeshare and destination clubs are a form of property ownership involving ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage. A motel is a small-sized low-rise lodging with direct access to individual rooms from the car parking area. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with a unique environment or intimate setting. A number of hotels and motels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture. Some hotels are built specifically as destinations in themselves, for example casinos and holiday resorts.
Most hotel establishments are run by a general manager who serves as the head executive (often referred to as the ""hotel manager""), department heads who oversee various departments within a hotel (e.g., food service), middle managers, administrative staff, and line-level supervisors. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by hotel size, function and class, and is often determined by hotel ownership and managing companies."
Houseboat,"A houseboat is a boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily for regular dwelling. Most houseboats are not motorized as they are usually moored or kept stationary at a fixed point, and often tethered to land to provide utilities. However, many are capable of operation under their own power. Float house is a Canadian and American term for a house on a float (raft); a rough house may be called a shanty boat. In Western countries, houseboats tend to be either owned privately or rented out to holiday-goers, and on some canals in Europe, people dwell in houseboats all year round. Examples of this include, but are not limited to, Amsterdam, London, and Paris."
Lodging,"Lodging refers to the use of a short-term dwelling, usually by renting the living space or sometimes through some other arrangement. People who travel and stay away from home for more than a day need lodging for sleep, rest, food, safety, shelter from cold temperatures or rain, storage of luggage and access to common household functions. Lodging is a form of the sharing economy.
Lodging is done in a hotel, motel, hostel, inn or hostal, a private home (commercial, i.e. a bed and breakfast, a guest house, a vacation rental, or non-commercially, as in certain homestays or the home of friends), in a tent, caravan/campervan (often on a campsite). Lodgings may be self-catering, whereby no food is provided, but cooking facilities are available.
Lodging is offered by an owner of real property or a leasehold estate, including the hotel industry, hospitality industry, real estate investment trusts, and owner-occupancy houses.
Lodging can be facilitated by an intermediary such as a travel website."
Microstay,"Microstays are residency periods in a hotel room of less than a full night stay, choosing the check-in time and length of the stay in hours. Although such short stays have not been commonly offered by mainstream hotels in the Western hospitality industry, doing so emerged as a trend in the World Travel Market Global Trends Report 2013. Bookings for less than a full night stay became more popular in Europe as a way to increase revenue by offering greater flexibility. By offering microstays, hotels can take advantage of their available inventory and sometimes sell the same room twice in a day."
Motel,"A motel, also known as a motor hotel, motor inn or motor lodge, is a hotel designed for motorists, usually having each room entered directly from the parking area for motor vehicles rather than through a central lobby. Entering dictionaries after World War II, the word motel, coined as a portmanteau of ""motor hotel"", originates from the Milestone Mo-Tel of San Luis Obispo, California (now called the Motel Inn of San Luis Obispo), which was built in 1925. The term referred to a type of hotel consisting of a single building of connected rooms whose doors faced a parking lot and in some circumstances, a common area or a series of small cabins with common parking. Motels are often individually owned, though motel chains do exist.
As large highway systems began to be developed in the 1920s, long-distance road journeys became more common, and the need for inexpensive, easily accessible overnight accommodation sites close to the main routes led to the growth of the motel concept. Motels peaked in popularity in the 1960s with rising car travel, only to decline in response to competition from the newer chain hotels that became commonplace at highway interchanges as traffic was bypassed onto newly constructed freeways. Several historic motels are listed on the US National Register of Historic Places."
Roadhouse (premises),"A roadhouse (Australia and the United States) or stopping house (Canada) is a small mixed-use premises typically built on or near a major road in a sparsely populated area or an isolated desert region that services the passing travellers, providing food, drinks, accommodation, fuel, and parking spaces to the guests and their vehicles. The premises generally consist of just a single dwelling, permanently occupied by a nuclear family, usually between two and five family members.
In Australia, a roadhouse is often considered to be the smallest type of human settlement.In Britain, the term was often a synonym for an advanced motel, but roadside pub-restaurant or hotel, depending on use, is more common today. A hotel resembling and having a public house (pub) is widely, nationally, called an inn.
The word's meaning varies slightly by country. The historical equivalent was often known as a coaching inn, providing food, drinks, and rest to people and horses."
Safari lodge,"A safari lodge (also known as a game lodge) is a type of tourist accommodation in southern and eastern Africa.  Lodges are  mainly used by tourists on wildlife safaris, and are typically located in or near national parks or game reserves.
Lodges are usually in isolated rural areas, and offer meals and activities such as game drives, in addition to accommodation.  The standard of accommodation varies considerably, from rustic bush camps, sometimes tented, to luxury lodges with the character of upmarket hotels. Unlike hotels or pensions, which typically consist of houses with many rooms, the dwellings in lodges are often in separate buildings with a bedroom, a bathroom, a terrace and sometimes a small kitchen. The set is closed to ensure the safety of tourists."
Single supplement,"The single supplement is a travel industry premium charged to solo travelers when they take a room alone. The amount involved ranges from 10 to 100 percent of the standard accommodation rate. Solo travelers see this as an unfair form of discrimination, but vendors justify the charge as reflecting the fact that most accommodations are priced for double occupancy.Discounts for booking early or repeat bookings and programs that arrange shared accommodation are variations on pricing that can ameliorate the single supplement for solo travelers. Research prior to travel may find companies that have removed the single supplement.
In 2013, around 12 percent of American adults planned to travel solo that year.

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Sleepbox,"Sleepbox is a brand offering a bed and associated facilities in a limited space. It is a larger version of a capsule hotel. Some versions include a bed with linen, a ventilation system, alarm clock, LCD TV, WiFi, desk space with LED lighting and electrical outlets for a laptop and rechargeable phone; luggage can be stored in a cupboard under the bed. They exist in New York, Moscow, and other locations, often in airport terminals."
Tourist home,
Vacation rental,"A vacation rental is the renting out of a furnished apartment, house, or professionally managed resort-condominium complex on a temporary basis to tourists as an alternative to a hotel.  The term vacation rental is mainly used in the US. Other terms used are self-catering rentals, holiday homes, holiday lets (in the United Kingdom), cottage holidays (for rentals of smaller accommodation in rural locations) and gites (in rural locations in France).
Vacation rentals have long been a popular travel option in Europe (especially in the UK) as well as in Canada and are becoming increasingly popular around the world."
Villa,"A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably.  After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. Then they gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes.  In the Early Modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most survivals have now been engulfed by suburbia.  In modern parlance, ""villa"" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside."
Wilderness hut,"A wilderness hut, bothy, backcountry hut, or backcountry shelter is a free, primitive mountain hut for temporary accommodation, usually located in wilderness areas, national parks and along backpacking and hiking routes.  They are found in many parts of the world, such as Finland, Sweden, Norway, northern Russia, the Alps, the Pyrenees, Scotland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. Huts are basic and unmanned, without running water."
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism,"The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the tourism industry due to the resulting travel restrictions as well as slump in demand among travelers. The tourism industry has been massively affected by the spread of coronavirus, as many countries have introduced travel restrictions in an attempt to contain its spread. The United Nations World Tourism Organization estimated that global international tourist arrivals might decrease by 58% to 78% in 2020, leading to a potential loss of US $0.9–1.2 trillion in international tourism receipts.In many of the world's cities, planned travel went down by 80–90%. Conflicting and unilateral travel restrictions occurred regionally and many tourist attractions around the world, such as museums, amusement parks, and sports venues closed down. After March 2020, tourist firms' connectivity has skyrocketed. Restaurants are the most significantly impacted subsectors of tourism, followed by airline firms. UNWTO reported a 65% drop in international tourist arrivals in the first six months of 2020. Air passenger travel showed a similar decline. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development released a report in June 2021 stating that the global economy could lose over US$4 trillion as a result of the pandemic."
COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships,"Early in 2020, in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, the disease spread to a number of cruise ships, with the nature of such ships – including crowded semi-enclosed areas, increased exposure to new environments, and limited medical resources – contributing to the heightened risk and rapid spread of the disease.The British-registered Diamond Princess was the first cruise ship to have a major outbreak on board, with the ship quarantined at Yokohama from 4 February 2020 for about a month. Of 3711 passengers and crew, around 700 people became infected and 9 people died.Governments and ports responded by preventing many cruise ships from docking and advising people to avoid travelling on cruise ships. Many cruise lines suspended their operations to mitigate the spread of the pandemic.
By June 2020, over 40 cruise ships had had confirmed positive cases of coronavirus on board.  The last cruise ship with passengers aboard during the first wave of the pandemic, Artania, docked at its home port with its last eight passengers on 8 June 2020. In addition, over 40,000 crew members still remained on cruise ships, some in isolation, in mid-June 2020. Many could not be repatriated because cruise lines refused to cover the cost, and because countries had different and changing rules. The condition was stressful to many of those stranded; multiple suicides were reported.Domestic UK cruises, confined to ports of call in the British Isles, began to resume in May 2021. United States cruises restarted in June 2021."
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company,The Walt Disney Company and its subsidiaries have been variously impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic; the company has business interests in areas that involve mass gatherings (including its theme parks and film releases) and isolation (including its streaming service and U.S. television brands).
Flight Centre,"Flight Centre Travel Group (FCTG) is an Australian travel agency. It was founded in 1982, and is headquartered in Brisbane, Australia.
FCTG operates under multiple names in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, United Kingdom, South Africa, India, China mainland, HongKong(China), Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and Mexico, and licenses its name in a further 80 countries. In the United States, the company operates under the Liberty Travel and Travel Associates retail brands and GOGO Worldwide Vacations as a wholesale brand. It also operates StudentUniverse, FCM Travel Solutions, Corporate Traveler, ciEvents, Campus Travel, Stage & Screen, and Healthwise."
International non-essential travel,The International non-essential travel (INET) policy is a legal terminology devised by the European Commission on 16 March 2020 in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The INET policy is central to the Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Love is not tourism,"Love is not tourism is an international grassroots movement of couples that due to restrictions in place in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic could not meet their partners. The movement was formed in June 2020 by unknown individuals and quickly spread onto various social media platforms. The German programmer Felix Urbasik created a website to promote the campaign of essential travels to people committed in a relationship to meet in person safely during the pandemic. The campaign was partially successful among some of the countries part of the European Union to make concessions to people trying to meet up with their partner.
The site is currently a wiki, allowing anyone to contribute to information regarding travel bans on every country."
Rediscover Botswana,"Rediscover Botswana was a domestic tourism campaign that ran in Botswana from July 27 to August 22, 2020. It encompassed an 8,000 kilometre tour across various tourist attractions in Botswana. The event was organised and hosted by media personalities Thalefang Charles and Sonny Serite, and it was sponsored by the Botswana Tourism Organisation with support from several tourism associations. The tour began at the Matsieng Footprints and ended at the Dikgosi monuments in Gaborone. Sites were selected to demonstrate diversity among tourist destinations, including ""national parks, heritage sites, cultural offerings, and other sites"" at various budgets.Rediscover Botswana was carried out in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting decline of international tourism. It was intended to spread awareness of notable places in Botswana and educate citizens about how to best travel domestically. Tourism has been a significant aspect of the Botswana economy prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Rediscover Botswana campaign sought to prevent some of the financial losses associated with the decline in tourism. The campaign was well received and is believed to have contributed to domestic tourist bookings.Charles listed the most significant visits of the tour as the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, the Gcwihaba caves, the Boro and Thamalakane rivers, AfroBotho, the Moremi Game Reserve, and the Makgadikgadi Pan."
"Safe, Swift and Smart Passage","Safe, Swift and Smart Passage (S-PaSS) is an online travel management system of the Department of Science and Technology used for domestic travel during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines when varying levels of travel restrictions was imposed in local government units. It is used as a platform for individuals to check on prevailing travel policies and requirements in a specific LGU as well as secure travel coordination permits (TCP) and travel pass-through permits (TPP) from local governments.Described as a ""one-stop online communication and coordination platform for travelers and local government units"", S-PaSS was launched on March 26, 2021. It was developed by the DOST's Region VI (Western Visayas) office.As of October 1, 2021, the S-PaSS have at least 3 million registered users."
Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic,"During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries and regions imposed quarantines, entry bans, or other travel restrictions for citizens of or recent travelers to the most affected areas. Some countries and regions imposed global restrictions that apply to all foreign countries and territories, or prevent their own citizens from travelling overseas.Travel restrictions reduced the spread of the virus, but because they were first implemented after community spread was established in multiple countries in different regions of the world, they produced only a modest reduction in the total number of people infected.  Travel restrictions may be most important at the start and end of the pandemic.The travel restrictions brought a significant economic cost to the global tourism industry through lost income and social harm to people who were unable to travel internationally. When the travel bans are lifted, many people are expected to resume traveling.  However, some travel, especially business travel, may be decreased long-term as lower cost alternatives, such as teleconferencing and virtual events, are preferred. Some countries with large domestic markets, such as the United States, were able to see a faster recovery from increased domestic travel."
Vaccination requirements for international travel,"Vaccination requirements for international travel are the aspect of vaccination policy that concerns the movement of people across borders. Countries around the world require travellers departing to other countries, or arriving from other countries, to be vaccinated against certain infectious diseases in order to prevent epidemics. At border checks, these travellers are required to show proof of vaccination against specific diseases; the most widely used vaccination record is the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP or Carte Jaune/Yellow Card). Some countries require information about a passenger's vaccination status in a passenger locator form.

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COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships,"Early in 2020, in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, the disease spread to a number of cruise ships, with the nature of such ships – including crowded semi-enclosed areas, increased exposure to new environments, and limited medical resources – contributing to the heightened risk and rapid spread of the disease.The British-registered Diamond Princess was the first cruise ship to have a major outbreak on board, with the ship quarantined at Yokohama from 4 February 2020 for about a month. Of 3711 passengers and crew, around 700 people became infected and 9 people died.Governments and ports responded by preventing many cruise ships from docking and advising people to avoid travelling on cruise ships. Many cruise lines suspended their operations to mitigate the spread of the pandemic.
By June 2020, over 40 cruise ships had had confirmed positive cases of coronavirus on board.  The last cruise ship with passengers aboard during the first wave of the pandemic, Artania, docked at its home port with its last eight passengers on 8 June 2020. In addition, over 40,000 crew members still remained on cruise ships, some in isolation, in mid-June 2020. Many could not be repatriated because cruise lines refused to cover the cost, and because countries had different and changing rules. The condition was stressful to many of those stranded; multiple suicides were reported.Domestic UK cruises, confined to ports of call in the British Isles, began to resume in May 2021. United States cruises restarted in June 2021."
MV Artania,"MV  Artania (previously Royal Princess and Artemis) is a cruise ship chartered since 2011 by Phoenix Reisen, a German-based travel agency and cruise ship operator. She was built for Princess Cruises by Wärtsilä at the Helsinki Shipyard, Finland, and was launched on 18 February 1984.
At a ceremony in Southampton, England, on 15 November 1984, the ship was named Royal Princess by Diana, Princess of Wales.  After entering service on 19 November 1984, she cruised as Royal Princess until April 2005, when she was transferred to the control of P&O Cruises, and was renamed Artemis.  In 2011, she moved to Phoenix Reisen's fleet and was renamed Artania.
In 2020, a COVID-19 outbreak on the ship led to four deaths as of 24 April 2020."
MS Asuka II,"MS Asuka II (飛鳥II) is a cruise ship owned and operated by Nippon Yusen Kaisha. She was originally built by the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipyard in Nagasaki, Japan, as Crystal Harmony for Crystal Cruises. In 2006, Crystal Harmony was transferred from the fleet of Crystal Cruises to that of Crystal's parent company, Nippon Yusen Kaisha, and entered service under her current name. As of August 2022, she was the largest cruise ship in Japan."
MS Borealis,"Borealis is a cruise ship of Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines, sailing since July 2021. She was built as MS Rotterdam and was the co-flagship for Holland America Line, for which she sailed for 22 years."
MS Braemar,"MS Braemar (formerly Crown Dynasty, Cunard Crown Dynasty, Crown Majesty, and Norwegian Dynasty) is a cruise ship, most recently operating with Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines. During her Cunard ownership, she was marketed as Cunard Crown Dynasty, but her official name remained Crown Dynasty."
Carnival Luminosa,"Carnival Luminosa (formerly Costa Luminosa) is a cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Originally built as the Costa Luminosa, the ship entered service on 5 May 2009. Her design is a hybrid, using elements of Spirit-class and Vista-class. A sister ship, Costa Deliziosa, was launched in February 2010 and is based on the same design. Costa Luminosa departed Civitavecchia, Italy on 3 June 2009, on her 13-night maiden voyage, with ports of call in Savona, St. Tropez, Barcelona, Lisbon, Le Havre and Amsterdam. On 14 June 2022, it was announced that Costa Luminosa would be transferred to the fleet of Carnival Cruise Line, receiving the name Carnival Luminosa. She began sailing for Carnival in fall 2022."
Celebrity Eclipse,"Celebrity Eclipse is a Solstice-class cruise ship operated by Celebrity Cruises, a subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Group. After she was ordered with German shipbuilder Meyer Werft in July 2006, she saw her keel laid in February 2007 and she was formally delivered in April 2010. The 122,000 GT-vessel followed sister ships Celebrity Solstice and Celebrity Equinox as the third Solstice-class ship in the fleet.

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Celebrity Flora,"Celebrity Flora is an expedition cruise ship operated by Islas Galápagos Turismo y Vapores C.A., a subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Group, and exclusively sails along the Galápagos Islands. Built by Shipyard De Hoop of the Netherlands and delivered in 2019, she is the first new expedition ship built for Celebrity Cruises and is the largest vessel by gross tonnage to operate in the region."
Celebrity Solstice,"The Celebrity Solstice is the lead ship of the Solstice-class of cruise ships operated by Celebrity Cruises. Built by Meyer Werft in Papenburg, Germany, she was floated out on 10 August 2008, and christened by ocean scientist Professor Sharon L. Smith at a ceremony in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States, on 14 November 2008. The first post-Panamax vessel in the Celebrity fleet, she features innovative interior design and onboard amenities, including an ocean-going live grass lawn, a glassblowing studio, and a 12 deck-high atrium."
Coral Princess,"Coral Princess is a Coral-class cruise ship operated by Princess Cruises, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc. The Panamax vessel, along with sister ship Island Princess, was launched in 2002."
Costa Favolosa,"Costa Favolosa is a cruise ship ordered for Costa Crociere in October 2007. Based on the Concordia-class design, Costa Favolosa was laid down by Fincantieri's Marghera shipyard on 5 November 2009 and launched on 6 August 2010. Part of a five-ship expansion of the Costa Crociere fleet, the vessel entered service in July 2011.

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Costa Smeralda (ship),"Costa Smeralda is an Excellence-class cruise ship currently operated by Costa Cruises, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc. At 185,010 gross tonnage (GT), she is the largest ship commissioned for and to ever operate for Costa, and is the sixth-largest cruise ship in the world, as of 2019. Costa Smeralda is also the second cruise ship in the world to be fully powered by liquefied natural gas (LNG), making Costa the second cruise line to operate a ship running on LNG, after sister brand, AIDA Cruises, became the first in 2018. Costa Smeralda is set to have a sister ship, Costa Toscana, that is scheduled for delivery in 2021. Her inaugural cruise sailed on 21 December 2019.

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Costa Victoria,"Costa Victoria was a Victoria-class cruise ship launched in 1995 and operated by Costa Cruises, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc, from 1996 until 2020. Built at Bremen, Germany, she was designed to reflect the spirit of Italy, which was enhanced in a 2013 refit. During her service with Costa she operated in many areas, including Asia. In June 2020, in light of the economic impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Costa Victoria was moved to the Port of Piombino, Italy and decommissioned. She was sold in December 2020 for possible conversion to worker's accommodation at a Genoa shipyard, but resold for demolition in Turkey, where she arrived on 28 January 2021."
COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess,"The Diamond Princess is a British-registered luxury and cruise ship that is operated by Princess Cruises, a holiday company based in the United States and Bermuda. In February 2020, during a cruise of the Western Pacific, cases of COVID-19 were detected on board. The vessel was quarantined off Japan for two weeks, after which all remaining passengers and crew were evacuated. Of the 3,711 people on board, 712 became infected with the virus – 567 of 2,666 passengers, and 145 of 1,045 crew. Figures for total deaths vary from early to later assessments, and because of difficulties in establishing causation. As many as 14 are reported to have died from the virus, all of them older passengers - an overall mortality rate for those infected of 2%."
Diamond Princess (ship),"Diamond Princess is a British-registered  cruise ship owned and operated by Princess Cruises. She began operation in March 2004 and primarily cruises in Asia during the northern hemisphere summer and Australia during the southern hemisphere summer. She is a subclassed Grand-class ship, which is also known as a Gem-class ship. Diamond Princess and her sister ship, Sapphire Princess, are the widest subclass of Grand-class ships, as they have a 37.5-metre (123 ft 0 in) beam, while all other Grand-class ships have a beam of 36 metres (118 ft 1 in). Diamond Princess and Sapphire Princess were both built in Nagasaki, Japan, by Mitsubishi Industries.
There have been two notable outbreaks of infectious disease on the ship – an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus in 2016 and an outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in 2020. In the latter incident, the ship was quarantined for nearly a month with her passengers on board, and her passengers and crew were subject to further quarantine after disembarking. At least 712 out of the 3,711 passengers and crew were infected, and by mid-April 2020 nine had died."
Grand Princess,"Grand Princess is a Grand-class cruise ship owned by Princess Cruises. It was built in 1998 by Fincantieri Cantieri Navali Italiani in Monfalcone, Italy, with yard number 5956, at a cost of approximately US$450 million. She was the largest and most expensive passenger ship ever built at the time. Grand Princess  was the flagship in the Princess Cruises fleet until the new Royal Princess took that title in June 2013.

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COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess,"During the COVID-19 pandemic, former passengers of the cruise ship Grand Princess who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were being linked to cruises they had taken on the ship while it traveled between California, Mexico, and Hawaii.  After the first confirmed death on 4 March 2020, Grand Princess was rerouted to the San Francisco Bay Area, where it was anchored offshore while test kits were airlifted to the ship.  Preliminary testing found 21 positive cases, and the ship later docked in Oakland on 9 March 2020, with over 3,000 people entering quarantine.
As of 28 April 2020, at least 122 people who were on Grand Princess when it was rerouted are known to have tested positive for the virus, and 7 people have died."
Greg Mortimer (ship),"Greg Mortimer is a cruise ship operated by Aurora Expeditions. The ship was named in honour of the company's founder Greg Mortimer, in a combined naming and delivery ceremony at CMHI's Haimen base on 6 September 2019."
Liberty of the Seas,"Liberty of the Seas is a Royal Caribbean International Freedom-class cruise ship which entered regular service in May 2007. It was initially announced that she would be called Endeavour of the Seas, however this name was later changed. The 15-deck ship accommodates 3,634 passengers served by 1,360 crew.  She was built in 18 months at the Aker Finnyards Turku Shipyard, Finland, where her sister ship, Freedom of the Seas, was also built. Initially built at 154,407 gross tonnage (GT), she joined her sister ship, Freedom of the Seas, as the largest cruise ships and passenger vessels then ever built. She is 1,111.9 ft (338.91 m) long, 184 ft (56.08 m) wide, and cruises at 21.6 knots (40 km/h).
Liberty of the Seas is the second of the Freedom-class vessels. A third ship, Independence of the Seas, was delivered in April 2008. In 2009, the first in a new Oasis class of ships measuring 220,000 gross tons displaced the Freedom class as the world's largest passenger ships."
Mein Schiff 6,"Mein Schiff 6 is a cruise ship owned by TUI Cruises.
Mein Schiff 6 is similar to Mein Schiff 3, Mein Schiff 4, and Mein Schiff 5 with only minor differences to its sister vessels."
MS Manara,"Manara is a cruise ship that most recently operated for Dream Cruises. She was initially ordered under the name World Dream for Star Cruises. The ship was designed for the Asian cruise market and has a large number of restaurants together with a casino and specially designed cabins. She was formally named on 17 November 2017 by Cecilia Lim, wife of Genting CEO Lim Kok Thay, who became godmother of the ship.On 16 November 2017, Dream Cruises created an 8.44-metre (27 ft 8 in) Lego model of the ship, the largest such model of a cruise ship, which is on permanent display at the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal in Hong Kong.The ship was originally designed and ordered for Star Cruises, but she was transferred to Dream Cruises during construction.On 1 March 2022, Dream Cruises announced its World Dream Vessel to cease operations on 2 March 2022 after its last sailing return to shores."
MSC Bellissima,"MSC Bellissima is a cruise ship operated by MSC Cruises. She was constructed at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint-Nazaire, France.The ship joined MSC Meraviglia in the company's Meraviglia class of cruise ships. She has a tonnage of 171,598 gross tonnage (GT) and a capacity of 4,500 passengers. The ship debuted in March 2019.
MSC Cruises announced the suspension of all North American itineraries until 30 June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
MSC Magnifica,"MSC Magnifica is a Musica-class cruise ship operated by MSC Cruises. Constructed by STX Europe in Saint-Nazaire, the ship was launched in January 2009, completed in January 2010, and entered service in March 2010.
MSC Cruises announced the suspension of all North American itineraries until 30 June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Mykonos Magic,"Mykonos Magic is a Destiny-class cruise ship owned by Seajets since 2023. Formerly operating as Costa Magica by Costa Crociere, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc, the 102,784 GT vessel joined sister ship Costa Fortuna in 2004 and were referred together as Fortuna-class ships; together, they became the largest ships in the Costa fleet at her time of delivery. Costa Magica paid homage to some of the most famous destinations in Italy including Positano, Portofino, Bellagio, and Sicily, which were incorporated into her public areas and restaurants. 19 years after her debut, Costa sold Costa Magica to Greek/Cypriot ferry company Seajets in 2023 and she was subsequently renamed Mykonos Magic.

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Ovation of the Seas,Ovation of the Seas is a Quantum-class cruise ship owned by Royal Caribbean International (RCI) and the third ship of her class. The Quantum class is the third largest class of cruise ships behind MSC Cruises's Meraviglia class and Royal Caribbean International's Oasis class by gross tonnage.Ovation of the Seas mainly sails from Seattle during the northern summer season and re-positions to Sydney during the southern summer season.
Pacific Adventure,"Pacific Adventure is a Grand-class cruise ship operated by P&O Cruises Australia, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc. It was previously named Golden Princess.
In 1998, Princess Cruises finalized the order for the ship (then known as the Golden Princess) in response to the strong demand for her sister ship, Grand Princess, making her the fleet's second Grand-class ship. She was built by Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri in Monfalcone, delivered in 2001, and christened by Merlisa George in Saint Thomas in April 2002. While operating as Golden Princess, she has sailed to all seven continents, beginning with her debut in Southampton in May 2001, followed by seasonal deployments serving regions around the Caribbean and Europe. In 2007, she circumnavigated South America and debuted along the West Coast of the United States before also sailing around ports in Asia and Oceania bordering the Pacific Ocean until 2020.
In 2017, Carnival Corporation announced Golden Princess would be transferred from Princess to sister brand P&O Cruises Australia as a part of P&O's fleet renewal. She is currently in service as Pacific Adventure as of 2022, sailing itineraries around Oceania along with her sister ship Pacific Encounter (previously known as Star Princess)."
Pacific World,"Pacific World (previously Sun Princess) is a Sun-class cruise ship built in 1995 and operated by Peace Boat. At the time of her construction, she was one of the largest cruise ships in the world. She was the lead ship of her class that included sister ships MS Charming and the P&O ships Pacific Explorer and Queen of the Oceans.Sun Princess was the ship on which the 1998–99 (1977-86 previously known as The Love Boat in its earlier seasons in its original run on TV) television show The Love Boat's short-lived revival run as Love Boat: The Next Wave starring Robert Urich was filmed. She made the news in October 2007 as the largest ship to ever cross beneath the Sydney Harbour Bridge while entering the harbor for the first time, with a vertical clearance of approximately 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) to spare at low tide.In July 2018, Sun Princess underwent a two-week dry dock. She received new livery design, new stateroom category, shops, and other onboard amenities.In September 2020, Sun Princess was sold to Peace Boat. The Sun Princess was renamed Pacific World."
Paul Gauguin (ship),"MS Paul Gauguin is a cruise ship that was completed in 1997. It primarily operates in the South Pacific. Paul Gauguin Cruises is headquartered in Bellevue, Washington.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the ship did not sail for some time but resumed operations on 18 July 2020 for local residents and on 29 July for international guests, with reduced occupancy.A news report on 3 August 2020 stated that COVID-19 virus had been detected on the ship while it was in Papeete, Tahiti; passengers were required to stay in their cabins. As of that date, the ship was operated by the Ponant Company under the branding Paul Gauguin Cruises, The capacity was stated to be 318 guests plus a crew of 216. The ship had been modified to use a ""cleaner"" fuel: LS MGO – Low-Sulphur Marine Gas Oil and the company planned ""to offset 150 percent of its carbon emissions"". The company's web site discussed renovations that had been completed.

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Pride of America,"MS Pride of America is a cruise ship operated by NCL America, a division of Norwegian Cruise Lines, to sail itineraries in the Hawaiian Islands. Construction of the ship began in 2000 in the United States as part of a plan for a US-built and US-flagged cruise ship under Project America, but the project failed and she was eventually purchased by Norwegian Cruise Lines and completed in Germany. She was inaugurated in 2005, and was the first new U.S. flagged, deep water cruise ship in nearly fifty years since the SS Argentina of 1958."
Quantum of the Seas,"Quantum of the Seas is a Quantum-class cruise ship currently operated by Royal Caribbean International and is the lead ship of her class. At her time of delivery in 2014, Quantum of the Seas was the third largest cruise ship in the world by gross tonnage. She is currently deployed to serve the Alaskan and Australian cruise markets."
MS River Anuket,"MS River Anuket (also known as Asara)  is a River Anuket-class cruise ship owned and operated by Holland America Line.
On 6 March 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships, the Egyptian Health Ministry and World Health Organization confirmed 12 new cases of SARS-CoV-2. The infected persons were among the Egyptian staff aboard travelling from Aswan to Luxor. All those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 did not show any symptoms of the disease. According to tests, the virus spread from a Taiwanese-American female tourist on the ship.On 7 March, health authorities announced that 45 people on board had tested positive, and that the ship had been placed in quarantine at a dock in Luxor. On 9 March, the first international case from the cruise ship came after an American went home and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2."
MS Roald Amundsen,MS Roald Amundsen is a new hybrid powered Hurtigruten expedition cruise ship. She was built by Kleven Yards of Norway and started her maiden voyage on 3 July 2019 from the Norwegian port Tromsø to Hamburg. She and her sister ship Fridtjof Nansen are the first hybrid-powered ships in the Hurtigruten fleet.Roald Amundsen was christened in fall 2019 in Antarctica with a chunk of ice instead of the traditional bottle of champagne. The vessel has Polar Class 6 rating for arctic conditions. Roald Amundsen was the first hybrid ship to sail the Northwest Passage.
Ruby Princess,"The Ruby Princess is a Crown-class cruise ship owned and operated by Princess Cruises.
The Ruby Princess was built in 2008 by Fincantieri in Trieste, Italy, as a sister ship to Crown Princess and Emerald Princess. She was turned over to Carnival Corporation and Princess Cruises in late October 2008. She was formally named at Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on 6 November 2008 by Trista and Ryan Sutter.The ship became infamous in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the source of over 10% of Australia's early COVID-19 cases. By August, the total number of deaths associated with the ship was 28 and the number of infections was estimated at no fewer than 900. A cluster of cases in New Zealand was also linked to the ship."
SeaDream I,"SeaDream I is a yacht-style  cruise ship operated by SeaDream Yacht Club since 2001. In service since 1984, she was formerly named Sea Goddess I and operated for Sea Goddess Line and Cunard. In January 2000 she was transferred to Seabourn, becoming Seabourn Goddess I.  She is a sister ship to SeaDream II.

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Silver Explorer,"Silver Explorer is an expedition ship operated by Silversea Cruises. The ship typically hosts cruises to Norway, the South Pacific, and Antarctica. It is the first ship of Silversea involved in expedition cruising."
Silver Shadow (ship),"Silver Shadow is a cruise ship that entered service in 2000, and is operated by Silversea Cruises. The passenger capacity is 382 passengers, and there are 295 crew members. Her sister ship is Silver Whisper, and both ships were built by the Mariotti Shipyard in Genoa, Italy. They both have a high space-to-passenger ratio at 74, providing more space per passenger than any other cruise ship. Space ratio is calculated by dividing a vessel's gross tonnage by its passenger capacity. The passenger-to-crew ratio is also high, at 1.31 to 1."
Spectrum of the Seas,"Spectrum of the Seas is a Quantum-Ultra-class cruise ship currently operated by Royal Caribbean International and the first ship of the Quantum Ultra class, a modification from the company's Quantum class of ships. The ship was constructed at Meyer Werft in Papenburg, Germany and was delivered in April 2019. At 169,379 GT, she became the fifth largest ship in the fleet by gross tonnage upon delivery. She currently operates primarily in East Asia."
Vasco da Gama (ship),"Vasco da Gama is a cruise ship operated by German cruise line nicko cruises. Completed in 1993, she previously sailed for Holland America Line as MS Statendam, for P&O Cruises Australia as Pacific Eden and for Cruise & Maritime Voyages as Vasco da Gama. In 2020, following CMV's filing for administration, she was sold by CW Kellock & Co Ltd. at auction to Mystic Cruises' parent company, Mystic Invest for US$10,187,000."
Voyager of the Seas,"Voyager of the Seas is the lead ship of the Voyager class of cruise ships operated by Royal Caribbean International (RCI).  Constructed by Kværner Masa-Yards at its Turku New Shipyard in Turku, Finland, she was launched on November 27, 1998, and formally named by Olympic figure skater Katarina Witt on November 20, 1999.Royal Caribbean Line announced the suspension of its operations until June 13, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On May 26, 2021, the CDC approved RCL to resume operations in June."
MS Westerdam,"MS Westerdam is a Vista-class cruise ship owned by Holland America Line. She is the third ship of the class to be operated by the line, as well as being the third ship to bear the name Westerdam.  Her sister ships are Oosterdam, Zuiderdam, and Noordam. The beginning of the four ships' names represent the four directions of the compass in Dutch."
MS Zaandam,"MS Zaandam is a cruise ship owned and operated by Holland America Line, named for the city of Zaandam, Netherlands near Amsterdam. She was built by Fincantieri in Marghera, Italy and delivered in 2000. Zaandam is part of the Rotterdam class and a sister ship to Volendam, Rotterdam, and Amsterdam.
The ship was denied access to the Panama Canal and then to Fort Lauderdale after an outbreak of COVID-19 early in the 2020 pandemic. Four passengers and crew died of COVID-19 during or after that voyage."
Computer reservation system,"Computer reservation systems, or central reservation systems (CRS), are computerized systems used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel, hotels, car rental, or other activities. Originally designed and operated by airlines, CRSs were later extended for use by travel agencies, and global distribution systems (GDSs) to book and sell tickets for multiple airlines. Most airlines have outsourced their CRSs to GDS companies, which also enable consumer access through Internet gateways. Modern GDSs typically also allow users to book hotel rooms, rental cars, airline tickets as well as other activities and tours. They also provide access to railway reservations and bus reservations in some markets, although these are not always integrated with the main system. These are also used to relay computerized information for users in the hotel industry, making reservation and ensuring that the hotel is not overbooked. 
Airline reservations systems may be integrated into a larger passenger service system, which also includes an airline inventory system and a departure control system. The current centralised reservation systems are vulnerable to network-wide system disruptions."
Hospitality industry,"The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, food and beverage service, event planning, theme parks, travel agency, tourism, hotels, restaurants and bars."
ITB Berlin,"The ITB Berlin (Internationale Tourismus-Börse Berlin) is the world's largest tourism trade fair. The companies represented at the fair include hotels, tourist boards, tour operators, system providers, airlines and car rental companies.
The ITB Berlin takes place annually in March at the Messe Berlin. The fair always has an official partner country, in 2018 (March 7–11) represented by the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. In 2020 the ITB Berlin did not take place. Due to the rapid spread of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) the Federal Ministry of Health and the Federal Ministry of Economics have stated their opinion that ITB Berlin be cancelled. ITB Berlin 2021 and 2022 both took place entirely as virtual events. The next physical ITB Berlin 2023 will be taking place from Wednesday, 8 March to Sunday, 12 March 2023.ITB Berlin (or just ITB) has been running since 1966 and now has managed to establish satellite events in China, India and Singapore.The thematically ordered market segments help visitors and exhibitors to quickly find their way through the wide product range of ITB Berlin: Book World, Business Travel Days, Cruises, Cultural Tourism, Economy Accommodation, eTravel World, Adventure & Responsible Tourism, Gay & Lesbian Travel, ITB Mobile Travel Services, Training and Employment (Career Center), Travel Technology, Trends & Events, Wellness, Youth Travel.
In 2012, about 7,000 journalists attended the ITB Berlin, of whom about 1,500 came from abroad. In addition to the industry's leading trade magazines, business and travel journalists from 94 countries also report on the latest travel trends and products. 11,000 exhibitors from 180 countries welcomed 170,000 visitors, among these, 113,000 were trade visitors."
Advanced Air Mobility,"Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) is an ""air transportation system that transports individuals and property between points using aircraft, such as remotely piloted, autonomous, or vertical take-off and landing aircraft, including those powered by electric or hybrid driven propulsion, in both controlled and uncontrolled airspace,"" according to the Advanced Aviation Infrastructure Modernization Act.AAM seeks to integrate Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and sustainable aircraft like electric Vertical Take Off and Landing (eVTOLs) into the sovereign airspaces of nations throughout the world such as that of the United States and its National Airspace System (NAS). It requires the development of the physical infrastructure of vertiports as well as the evolution of the digital infrastructure of a highly automated framework of operations, i.e. UAS Traffic Management (UTM).
AAM is an overarching term that combines both Urban Air Mobility (UAM), which involves transporting persons and cargo above the traffic within a city, and Regional Air Mobility (RAM) which is focused more on connecting suburbs, villages, and small towns in the countryside as well as islands or communities separated by mountainous regions and rivers. While UAM has attracted the majority of attention and investment, the initial rollout of AAM operations will likely start in more remote, rural settings in order to minimize collateral damage in the event of a mishap. AAM includes and expands upon the principles of UAM into applications beyond the urban environment:
Intra-city airborne transportation
Inter-city airborne transportation
Cargo delivery
Public services
Private / Recreational vehiclesIn February 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, published a report that intentionally broadened the scope of the nascent UAM concept to address more than just midtown Manhattan use cases. Since March 2020, UAM is considered a key element of the bigger picture that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) calls Advanced Air Mobility. Just four months later in July 2020, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) formalized the use of the umbrella term, Advanced Air Mobility. According to a May 2021 market valuation by Morgan Stanley, AAM will be worth $1 trillion US dollars by 2040 and up to $9 trillion just a decade later. However, the consulting firm Drone Industry Insights whose primary focus is the commercial drone market provides a more conservative forecast of $20.8 billion by 2035 with a CAGR of 22.1%."
Airport,"An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport.  Airports usually consist of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway for a plane to take off and to land or a helipad, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control towers, hangars and terminals, to maintain and monitor aircraft. Larger airports may have airport aprons, taxiway bridges, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, and emergency services. In some countries, the US in particular, airports also typically have one or more fixed-base operators, serving general aviation.
Operating airports is extremely complicated, with a complex system of aircraft support services, passenger services, and aircraft control services contained within the operation. Thus airports can be major employers, as well as important hubs for tourism and other kinds of transit. Because they are sites of operation for heavy machinery, a number of regulations and safety measures have been implemented in airports, in order to reduce hazards. Additionally, airports have major local environmental impacts, as both large sources of air pollution, noise pollution and other environmental impacts, making them sites that acutely experience the environmental effects of aviation. Airports are also vulnerable infrastructure to extreme weather, climate change caused sea level rise and other disasters."
Aviation management,"Aviation management is a study discipline responsible for coordinating operations at an Airport and airline management or other business in the airline industry. Professionals in this discipline specialize in various field, such as flight logistics, aircraft maintenance, customer service and marketing for the airline."
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport,"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the airline industry due to travel restrictions and a decimation in demand among travelers.
Significant reductions in passenger numbers have resulted in flights being cancelled or planes flying empty between airports, which in turn massively reduced revenues for airlines and forced many airlines to lay off employees or declare bankruptcy. Some have attempted to avoid refunding cancelled trips to diminish their losses. Airliner manufacturers and airport operators have also laid off employees.
Only several months into the pandemic, the crisis was already the worst in the aviation industry's history, according to statements made in early 2020 by Airbus' Guillaume Faury, EasyJet's Johan Lundgren, United Airlines' Oscar Munoz, Qantas' Alan Joyce, and media outlets: the Financial Times, The New York Times, and The Independent."
List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic,"Mirroring its impact on aviation, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on airline companies due to travel restrictions and a slump in demand among travelers. Several airlines have declared bankruptcy, with some ceasing operations, while other airlines reported historic reductions in flights, as well as accelerating retirements of certain aircraft types, such as the Airbus A340, Airbus A380, or the Boeing 747. By 8 October 2020, 43 commercial airlines had gone bankrupt, and many more were expected to follow. In late October 2020, ACI Europe stated that 193 (mostly regional) of the 740 airports in Europe were also risking bankruptcy."
Testbed aircraft,"A testbed aircraft is an aeroplane, helicopter or other kind of aircraft intended for flight research or testing the aircraft concepts or on-board equipment. These could be specially designed or modified from serial production aircraft."
Airline consolidator,"An airline consolidator is a wholesaler of airline tickets, sometimes described as a broker. Airlines make tickets available to consolidators at significant discounts and special conditions to those available to the general public. Consolidators seek to reach more niche markets, and are able to offer discounts and fare flexibility that is relevant to the target group. 
Consolidators enter contracts with major carriers to sell at reduced prices to niche markets, the main benefit being that fares through consolidators will be lower than published rates available from the airlines themselves. Consolidators normally do not buy the seats in bulk for resale, they sell the available seats at contracted rates. Airlines normally preset the selling rates for these fares for sale to sub-agents and to end customers, thereby ensuring that the fares are not undercut.
Consolidators most commonly operate in international markets. In domestic markets, they typically only offer business class and first class tickets. Tickets purchased through consolidators may have very different fare rules than published fares, and sometimes frequent flyer credits may not accrue.
Even though many consolidators are online, most consolidators still work only through retail travel agents. Many consolidators also act as host agencies for local travel agencies. Many online travel agencies (OTAs) use consolidators to increase margins on sales since airlines do not pay commissions."
Tour bus service,"A tour bus service is an escorted tour (sometimes a package holiday) or bus service that takes visitors sightseeing, with routes around tourist attractions.

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Tour operator,"A tour operator is a business that typically combines and organizes accommodations, meals, sightseeing and transportation components, in order to create a package tour. They advertise and produce brochures to promote their products, holidays and itineraries. Tour operators can sell directly to the public or sell through travel agents or a combination of both.
The most common example of a tour operator's product would be a flight on a charter airline, plus a transfer from the airport to a hotel and the services of a local representative, all for one price. Each tour operator may specialise in certain destinations, e.g. Italy, activities and experiences, e.g. skiing, or a combination thereof.

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Travel insurance,"Travel insurance is an insurance product for covering unforeseen losses incurred while travelling, either internationally or domestically. Basic policies generally only cover emergency medical expenses while overseas, while comprehensive policies typically include coverage for trip cancellation, lost luggage, flight delays, public liability, and other expenses."
Kidnap and ransom insurance,"Kidnap and ransom insurance or K&R insurance is designed to protect individuals and corporations operating in high-risk areas around the world. Locations most often named in policies include Mexico, Venezuela, Haiti, and Nigeria, certain other countries in Latin America, as well as some parts of the Russian Federation and Eastern Europe. Central Asia is also seeing increasing numbers of incidents, particularly in Afghanistan and Iraq."
Sklavenkasse,"The term Sklavenkasse (slave fund) was a travel and ransom insurance scheme designated to pay ransom for European seafarers who had been captured by Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean and off the coasts of Western Europe and sold into the Barbary slave trade. Several North German free imperial cities set up their own slave funds which existed until the mid 19th century.
The earliest slave funds were created in the 17th century by members of the Hanseatic League. 
In 1725, seafarers and shipowners in neighbouring Denmark-Norway had to make compulsory contributions to a ransom insurance.
The individual premiums were based on the seamen's rank and income.

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US Travel Insurance Association,"Founded in 2004, the US Travel Insurance Association (UStiA) is a United States, registered 501(c) non-profit association of companies involved in the development, sales, marketing or implementation of travel insurance and related products and services; plus U.S. travel insurance carriers, third-party administrators and allied businesses that develop, administer and/or market travel insurance and assistance products and services.
UStiA is a primary information source about travel insurance, assistance, and related services for the US media."
Visitor health insurance,"Visitor health insurance, also known as visitor medical insurance, is a form of short-term travel medical insurance policy that visitors to any country purchase to obtain coverage protection for accidental injury or sickness or illness that occurs during their stay in the host country.
Visitor health insurance is a form of travel medical insurance and offers health coverage for relatives or parents visiting USA, or for travel protection to visit any country for any reason, business or personal. This type of private health coverage for visitors is purchased as a short term health plan that provides medical coverage beyond national borders, and only for the duration of travel or stay outside home country. These visitor health insurance plans also provide medical evacuation and repatriation benefits as part of the covered features.Visitor health insurance is one of the mandated types of coverages for certain foreign nationals who are temporary visitors to USA, as per a Presidential proclamation on October 4, 2019. Travelers from certain nations visiting the European Schengen states, UAE, etc. are currently required to provide proof of coverage to qualify for a visitor visa. Visitors to the United States are typically not eligible to purchase health insurance coverage like citizens and permanent residents. Only immigrants, who are not temporary visitors to USA, are eligible to purchase coverage in the new American government-run healthcare exchange marketplace. Exchange visitors might become eligible for plans under PPACA after two years.

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Travel Promotion Act of 2009,"The Travel Promotion Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111–145 (text) (PDF), Sec. 9) is a law creating the Corporation for Travel Promotion (d.b.a. Brand USA), a public-private partnership tasked with promoting tourism in the United States. To fund the Corporation's activities, the Act provides for a fee of $10 for use of the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA). Additionally, the Act authorizes a further charge to recover the costs of providing and administrating the ESTA.
The House passed the bill by a vote of 358–66 in October 2009, and the Senate followed on February 25, 2010 with a vote of 78–18. President Barack Obama signed the bill into law on March 4, 2010.U.S. Customs and Border Protection has announced they will levy an additional $4 fee (bringing the total to $14) for visitors to the United States for the cost of administering the ESTA.The reactions of the European Union have been critical and suggestions of a similar fee have been raised on grounds of reciprocity."
Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation for Private Use of Aircraft and Pleasure Boats,"The Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation for Private Use of Aircraft and Pleasure Boats is a 1956 United Nations multilateral treaty. In states that adhere to the Convention, it allows individuals that are temporarily visiting a country—such as tourists—to import an aircraft or pleasure boat to the country duty free so long as the aircraft or boat will be used exclusively for private use.
The Convention was patterned after the Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Private Road Vehicles and was concluded in Geneva on 18 May 1956, the same day the Customs Convention on Containers and the Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles was concluded.
The Convention entered into force on 1 January 1959. It was signed by 11 states and as of 2013 has 26 state parties.
The Convention was somewhat superseded in 1990 by the Istanbul Convention, which combines in one single instrument the various conventions on the temporary admission of specific goods."
Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Private Road Vehicles,"The Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Private Road Vehicles is a 1954 United Nations multilateral treaty. In states that adhere to the Convention, it allows individuals that are temporarily visiting a country—such as tourists or individuals on student visas—to import a road vehicle to the country duty-free.
The Convention was concluded in New York City on 4 June 1954 at the same conference the Convention concerning Customs Facilities for Touring was concluded. The Convention entered into force on 15 December 1957. It was signed by 32 states and as of 2013 has 80 parties, which includes 79 United Nations member states plus the European Union. The states that have signed the Convention but have not ratified it are Argentina, Cambodia, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Holy See, Honduras, Monaco, Panama, and Uruguay.
The Convention was somewhat superseded in 1990 by the Istanbul Convention, which combines in one single instrument the various conventions on the temporary admission of specific goods."
Convention Concerning Customs Facilities for Touring,"The Convention Concerning Customs Facilities for Touring is a 1954 United Nations multilateral treaty. In states that adhere to the Convention, it allows tourists to import personal effects into the country duty free so long as the effects are for the personal use of the tourist and they are carried on the person or in their luggage."
Constitution of the South Pacific Tourism Organisation,
Statutes of the World Tourism Organization,
Destination image,"Destination image is one of the most popular research topics in the tourism academic literature. For any given travel situation, consumers are spoilt by choice of available destinations, and the images held of destination play a critical role in purchase decisions. Destination image therefore plays a major role in the competitiveness of travel destinations. For major reviews on the destination image literature see"
Destination Marketing Association International,"Destinations International (formerly Destination Marketing Association International) is a professional organization representing destination organizations and convention and visitor bureaus worldwide.
As the world's largest resource for official destination organizations, Destinations International represents over 6,000 professionals from 575 destination organizations across the globe.
They provide members— professionals, industry partners, students and educators— with educational resources, networking opportunities and marketing benefits available worldwide.
They maintain an online bookstore and resource center, an e-mail discussion lists for members, professional certificates and designations (PDM, CDME), an accreditation program and an official online travel portal: OfficialTravelGuide.com. Destinations International also owns the Meeting Information Network (MINT), the meetings and convention database."
Destination marketing organization,"A destination marketing organization (DMO) is an organisation which promotes a location as an attractive travel destination. DMOs are known as tourist boards, tourism authorities or ""Convention and Visitors Bureaux"". They primarily exist to provide information to leisure travellers. Additionally, where a suitable infrastructure exists, they encourage event organisers to choose their location for meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions, collectively abbreviated as MICE.DMOs are generally tied to the local government infrastructure, often with supporting funds being generated by specific taxes, such as hotel taxes, membership fees, and sometimes government subsidies. However, in many cases, the observed decline in tourism following cutbacks to public-sector expenditures has motivated the tourism industry to create a private sector coalition in order to provide the functions of a DMO."
Northeast India International Travel Mart,"Northeast India International Travel Mart (NEITM or ITM) is a tourism event to showcase the Northeastern region of India, which is popularly known as North East (NE). This event is organised by Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India in association with hosting State Govts. and other States of the region. The regional states are Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and West Bengal. One of the 9 states hosts the event annually. ITM had taken the first step at Haru Hojai Stadium, Guwahati in January 2013 , thereafter 3 states hosted the event. This year  Assam hosts for the  2nd time, the 3-day event at Taj Vivanta Hotel, Guwahati from 5 to 7 December 2017."
100% Pure New Zealand,
The Gathering Ireland 2013,"The Gathering Ireland 2013, referred to as The Gathering  was a tourism-led initiative in Ireland. It aimed to mobilise the Irish diaspora to return to Ireland during 2013 to be part of specially organised local gatherings and events during the year. It was a government supported initiative driven primarily by Fáilte Ireland, the National Tourism Development Authority, and Tourism Ireland. The concept relied on grassroots initiatives of private individuals, and non-governmental organisations. The Gathering was not a single event but provided an umbrella framework for varying activities throughout 2013, from family reunions and clan gatherings to sports fixtures. While the initiative was primarily directed at the Irish diaspora, and those with other links to the country, the organisers hoped the experience for the general tourist would also be enhanced.
It began on 1 January 2013 and ended on 31 December 2013."
Glasgow's miles better,"Glasgow's miles better was a 1980s campaign to promote the city of Glasgow as a tourist destination and as a location for industry. It was developed by Scottish advertising agency Struthers Advertising, and featured the phrase ""Glasgow's Miles Better"" wrapped around the cartoon figure of Mr. Happy. It is regarded as one of the world's earliest and most successful attempts to rebrand a city, and received a number of domestic and international awards."
God's Own Country,"""God's Own Country"" is a phrase meaning an area, region or place supposedly favoured by God."
Homecoming Scotland 2009,"Homecoming Scotland 2009 was a series of events designed to attract people of Scottish ancestry to visit Scotland. The campaign, organised by EventScotland and VisitScotland on behalf of the Scottish Government, and part-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, claimed that ""for every single Scot in their native land, there are thought to be at least five more overseas who can claim Scottish ancestry.""
2009 was the 250th anniversary of the birth of Robert Burns, the national poet. In addition to Burns-related events, the other four themes of the Homecoming were Scotland's culture and heritage, great Scottish minds and innovations, and golf and whisky."
I Love New York,"I Love New York (stylized I ❤ NY) is a slogan, a logo, and a song that are the basis of an advertising campaign developed by the marketing firm of Wells, Rich, Greene under the directorship of Mary Wells Lawrence used since 1977 to promote tourism in the state of New York, including New York City. The trademarked logo, owned by the New York State Department of Economic Development, appears in souvenir shops and brochures throughout the state, some licensed, many not.
""I Love New York"" is the official state slogan of New York.The logo was designed by graphic designer Milton Glaser in 1976 in the back of a taxi and was drawn with red crayon on scrap paper. The original drawing is held in the Museum of Modern Art in Manhattan. The song was written by Steve Karmen and its copyright was donated by him to the state."
Incredible India,"Incredible India (stylized as Incredıble!ndıa) is the name of an international tourism campaign launched by then BJP (NDA) government, lead by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, maintained by the Government of India since 2002, to promote tourism in India. The ""Incredible India"" title was officially branded and promoted since 2002. The exclamation mark forms the 'I' of India. The exclamation used creatively across several visuals compliments the concept behind the word ""Incredible""."
International tourism advertising,"International tourism advertising is tourism-related marketing on the part of a private or public entity directed towards audiences abroad, and might target potential travelers and non-travelers alike.  Wholly private firms such as travel agencies, hotel chains, cruise agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) often run their own advertising campaigns to market their existence, mission, or services and/or goods offered to the consumer, and these advertisements seldom carry intentional political messages.
On the other hand, advertising distributed by governments themselves, such as through tourism ministries or government-owned private sector enterprises, is sometimes intended to convey more than simply the value of the product, service, or experience; governments can use tourism ads as a channel for communicating directly to the public of other countries because tourism is a common and internationally encouraged industry and the advertising of it is subject to minimal content regulation.
As the global travel market continues to expand with yearly increasing flights among international destinations, advertising efforts on the part of the major actors in this market are also increasing. Advertising campaigns to promote travel to destinations abroad are particularly prevalent in western countries where the general public's expenditures on tourism tend to be consistently high, even in light of the economic recession.
Many advertisers, which include both private entities and foreign governments themselves, share the intended goal of increasing their own revenue by popularizing their service (e.g., airline or hotel chain) or destination to boost receipts from travelers; however, some travel campaigns have additional or alternative purposes, such as promoting good public sentiments or improving existing ones towards them among the target audience.  Sometimes, states may use the branding of a product or service, itself, as a means of conveying a specific message without explicitly stating the message; this tactic is often used to soften the implied message itself, thus allowing the brander to sidestep or minimize controversy and/or opposition.

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New Mexico True,"New Mexico True is a tourism campaign by the New Mexico Tourism Department. This New Mexico program seeks to focus on being ""authentic and true in its people, landscape and culture""; the goal being to dismiss misconceptions and misunderstandings of the state, and to create a more cohesive set of statewide tourist destinations, based on personal interests, from New Mexico's various locales. Though it is aimed at broader national and international tourism, it seeks to bring tourists from around neighboring states, Colorado, Arizona, and Texas. The campaign also seeks to educate local businesses and to encourage staycations within the state."
NyLon,"NyLon is the concept of New York City and London as twin cities—the financial and cultural capitals of the Anglo-American world. There is a community of high-earning professionals who commute between these cities on the busy transatlantic air route. To satisfy the tastes of this common community, businesses such as Time Out and Conran establish branches in both cities.The magazine Nylon explicitly covers this scene with articles about the two cities.

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Pure Michigan,"Pure Michigan is as an advertising campaign by the state of Michigan to market the state of Michigan as a travel and tourism destination. It was launched in 2008 featuring the voice of actor and comedian Tim Allen, using the title song from The Cider House Rules as the background music in television commercials.The Pure Michigan campaign received state and international attention beginning in 2008 when Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm approved $45 million in additional funding for the Pure Michigan campaign from the 21st Century Jobs Trust Fund. The unprecedented tourism fund amount for the state allowed the Pure Michigan campaign to be broadcast on a national level beginning in March 2009. Annual funding for fiscal 2014 was $29 million.Pure Michigan also refers to the brand created by Travel Michigan and embodied by the organization's website.  The site was relaunched in March 2008 to support the Pure Michigan brand.  Travel Michigan is itself a division of the Michigan Economic Development Corporation, a state-funded economic development corporation founded in 1999 to support the economic development of Michigan. Campaign commercials and radio announcements depict Michigan as adventurous and rustic.
In August 2012, Secretary of State Ruth Johnson unveiled new license plates using the Pure Michigan logo.
 These plates were released to the public in April 2013. The logo is also used on retail projects sold in the state. At the end of 2014, legislation signed by Governor Rick Snyder extended the branding to the state's heritage route program, renaming them Pure Michigan Byways.In the late 2010s, following the election of Governor Gretchen Whitmer, the brand was threatened with discontinuation, but has been revived as of 2022 with new commercials and both the standard and Mackinac Bridge license plates continue to use the branding a decade after their introduction."
Rediscover Botswana,"Rediscover Botswana was a domestic tourism campaign that ran in Botswana from July 27 to August 22, 2020. It encompassed an 8,000 kilometre tour across various tourist attractions in Botswana. The event was organised and hosted by media personalities Thalefang Charles and Sonny Serite, and it was sponsored by the Botswana Tourism Organisation with support from several tourism associations. The tour began at the Matsieng Footprints and ended at the Dikgosi monuments in Gaborone. Sites were selected to demonstrate diversity among tourist destinations, including ""national parks, heritage sites, cultural offerings, and other sites"" at various budgets.Rediscover Botswana was carried out in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting decline of international tourism. It was intended to spread awareness of notable places in Botswana and educate citizens about how to best travel domestically. Tourism has been a significant aspect of the Botswana economy prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Rediscover Botswana campaign sought to prevent some of the financial losses associated with the decline in tourism. The campaign was well received and is believed to have contributed to domestic tourist bookings.Charles listed the most significant visits of the tour as the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, the Gcwihaba caves, the Boro and Thamalakane rivers, AfroBotho, the Moremi Game Reserve, and the Makgadikgadi Pan."
Remembrance Day at the Gettysburg Battlefield,"Remembrance Day is an annual Gettysburg Battlefield event for the anniversary of the 1863 Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg during which President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address. Starting in 1868, the ceremonies and Memorial Day address at Gettysburg National Park became nationally known.Because the cemetery dedication at Gettysburg occurred on November 19, that day (or the closest weekend) has been designated as Remembrance Day. Initially coordinated the Grand Army of the Republic, Remembrance Day is held on a weekend. and the Consecration anniversary was resolved ""Dedication Day"" by the U.S. Congress in 1949.[1]"
ScotlandWhisky,"ScotlandWhisky, also known as the Scotch Whisky Tourism Initiative, was launched in 2003 by Jim Wallace MSP, the then Deputy First Minister of Scotland, and Ian Good, Chairman of the Scotch Whisky Association.  The project is a partnership between the public and private sectors, with the aim of exploring where the tourism and Scotch whisky industries can work together to realize mutual commercial benefits. It is financed by the Scotch Whisky Association, The Scotch Whisky Experience, Scottish Enterprise, Highlands and Islands Enterprise, and VisitScotland."
So where the bloody hell are you?,"So where the bloody hell are you? was a A$180 million advertising campaign launched by Tourism Australia in 2006. It was created by the Sydney office of advertising agency M&C Saatchi, under the approval of Scott Morrison (the future Prime Minister of Australia), who was then managing director of Tourism Australia.The advertisements featured Australians preparing for visitors to their country. It begins in an Outback pub with the barkeeper saying, ""We've poured you a beer"". Further imagery to a similar effect is then shown, including a young boy on the beach saying, ""We've got the sharks out of the pool,"" and partygoers watching fireworks on the Sydney harbour, who say ""We've turned on the lights"". The commercial ends with bikini-clad model Lara Bingle at Fingal Bay stepping out of the ocean and asking, ""So where the bloody hell are you?""
The campaign received extensive press coverage both in Australia and overseas, particularly after it was banned in the United Kingdom. It enjoyed a mixed reception, being praised for its provocativeness and memorability but also being criticised as inappropriate for a tourism campaign. It was pulled from the air in 2008."
UP nahi dekha toh India nahi dekha,"UP nahi dekha toh India nahi dekha  ( if you have not seen UP, then you have not seen India too) is tourism campaign launched by the Government of Uttar Pradesh in 2018 with the aim to attract more domestic and international tourists to the state. The Government also  engaged the Indian arm of McCann Erickson for its branding the CEO of which is eminent lyricist and writer Prasoon Joshi."
Virginia is for Lovers,"""Virginia is for Lovers"" is the tourism and travel slogan of the U.S. commonwealth of Virginia. Used since 1969, it has become a well-recognized and often imitated part of American jargon. In 2012, Advertising Age magazine called ""Virginia is for Lovers"" ""one of the most iconic ad campaigns in the past 50 years.""

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Visit Indonesia Year,"Visit Indonesia Year was a New Order Indonesia inaugurated series of years of promoting Indonesia to the world tourism industry. It was considered as part of the Visit Indonesia Decade. The Years were announced by Suharto at the beginning of each year during his time in power, and it was his presidential decisions that made the operation of the years function within the governmental process. As part of the 1994–1995 - 1999–2000 five-year plan, the government set a target of 6.5 million foreign tourists, bringing in US$9 billion in foreign exchange, with 84.2 million domestic tourists spending Rp9 trillion. It was hoped that tourism would generate 900,000 new jobs.The first year was the Visit Indonesia Year 1991. The last major campaign was Visit Indonesia Year 2008 that launched to commemorate 100 years of Indonesian National Awakening in 1908. In January 2011, the ""Visit Indonesia"" branding was discontinued and changed to the “Wonderful Indonesia” campaign.

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Visit Nepal 2020,"Visit Nepal 2020, also known by the initialism VNY 2020, was a tourism advertising campaign released by the Government of Nepal as an extension of Visit Nepal campaigns of 1998 and 2011. The campaign was coordinated by Suraj Vaidya. The folkloric creature Yeti was chosen as the campaign's official mascot. In March 2020, the campaign was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal."
List of travel magazines,"This is a list of notable travel and tourism magazines.

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AFAR (magazine),"AFAR is a print and digital publication focused on experiential travel and whose mission is ""making travel a force for good"". Based in New York and San Francisco, the team covers many topics within travel such as travel news, air travel, hotels & accommodation, outdoors, arts & culture, food & drink, road trips, family travel, cruise, train travel, and destination guides. Their articles are available on the company’s website, afar.com, and in the print magazine."
AmericanStyle,AmericanStyle was a quarterly cultural tourism magazine published by the Rosen Group from 1994 till 2012. There were 82 issues published over the 28-year period.
Andrew Harper's Hideaway Report,"The Hideaway Report is a membership-based editorial travel publisher that reviews luxury hotels and resorts, typically smaller, more individual ventures. The first issue appeared in 1979. ""Andrew Harper,"" was the pen name of the original editor-in-chief. The publisher is Andrew Harper LLC.Concerned about the influence of commercial considerations on travel reviews, he traveled anonymously and paid his own expenses. The editorial team continues that tradition today."
Arizona Highways,"Arizona Highways is a magazine that contains travelogues and artistic photographs related to the U.S. state of Arizona.  It is published monthly in Phoenix by a unit of the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT).

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Asia (magazine),"Asia was an American magazine that featured reporting about Asia and its people, including the Far East, Southeast Asia, South Asia,  and the Middle East. From 1934 to 1946, it was edited by Richard J. Walsh, with extensive contributions from his wife, Pearl S. Buck. Under their influence, the journal published many prominent Asian literary and political figures and American authorities. It was headquartered in Orange, Connecticut. In 1946, after many years of financial trouble, it was merged into a new journal, United Nations World."
Aswaq,"ASWAQ is an Arabic magazine in Malaysia. The magazine is one of few Arabic magazines in the country, which is based in Kuala Lumpur. It covers all types of Malaysian business sectors and events, but focuses on tourism, education, investment, and trade related events, places, and organizations. It targets Arabic travellers to Malaysia specially those coming from Gulf Countries.The magazine is now one of the most active Malaysian media partners to exhibitors and their logo can be seen in many international Malaysian exhibitions. such as 2013 INTRADE exhibition in November 2013, 11th WIEF (World Islamic Economic Forum)."
Atlas (magazine),"Atlas is a popular monthly Turkish magazine, with accentuated photographic and other imagery content, covering a range of subjects from geography and environment to history and culture."
Atlas Obscura,"Atlas Obscura is an American-based online magazine and travel company. It was founded in 2009 by author Joshua Foer and documentary filmmaker/author Dylan Thuras. It catalogs unusual and obscure travel destinations via user-generated content. The articles on the website cover a number of topics including history, science, food, and obscure places.

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Blue (tourism magazine),"Blue (ISSN 1093-7560) was an adventure travel magazine published six times year, founded in 1997 by Amy Schrier, with David Carson as the original design consultant. Its focus was on global adventure travel, and described itself as ""a journal for the new traveler"". It was published in New York City from 1997 until 2003. The New York Times characterized it as ""not your father's National Geographic."" The Christian Science Monitor described the magazine's ""social agenda"" as being part of its identity."
Caravan (magazine),"Caravan magazine is a UK monthly consumer magazine for the touring caravan community.
It was Britain’s first caravanning magazine, offering advice and tips on every aspect of the hobby. Every month the magazine features touring and travel articles for the UK and Europe, new gadgets and products with the Caravan Lottery giveaway, show and event news, reviews, and feedback with reader content. Written by caravanners for caravanners, the magazine publishes advice on owning a caravan, from buying a towcar to choosing the right towing mirrors, awnings, gas bottles, and barbecues."
Caribbean Beat,"Caribbean Beat, founded in 1992, is a bimonthly magazine, published in Port of Spain, Trinidad, covering the arts, culture and society of the Caribbean, with a focus on the region's English-speaking territories. It is distributed in-flight by Caribbean Airlines (CAL), formerly British West Indies Airways (BWIA), and is additionally available at select retail outlets in CAL destinations, and also by subscription, making it one of the region's most widely circulated magazines."
Caribbean Travel & Life,"Caribbean Travel & Life was dedicated to the Caribbean region and was named the official consumer publication of the Caribbean Tourism Organization and the Caribbean Hotel Association.The magazine wove together the geographical and cultural threads that make each of the region's destinations distinctive, and presented a range of essential service information on the various aspects of travel (resorts, dining and activities). Caribbean Travel & Life was published by Bonnier Corporation; predecessor World Publications bought Caribbean Travel & Life in 1997. Both companies published the magazine from Winter Park, Florida. The founding company is Caribbean Travel and Life, Inc. which published the magazine in Alexandria, Virginia, and then, in Silver Spring, Maryland, before moved it to Winter Park, Florida.On November 29, 2012, Bonnier announced that it would close Caribbean Travel & Life, with the January/February edition as its final issue in 2013. Bonnier would fold the magazine and its content to its sister, Islands."
Celebrated Living,"Celebrated Living is a free, bi-monthly in-flight magazine available on American Airlines flights in First and Business Class, and in American Airlines Admirals Clubs worldwide."
Cereal (magazine),"Cereal is an independent biannual travel and style magazine based in Bath, United Kingdom. Each issue focuses on a select few destinations, with stories and interviews on design, art and style.
Cereal was founded by Rosa Park (editor-in-chief) and Rich Stapleton (creative director) in 2012 as a quarterly publication. With Volume 9 (2015), Cereal changed to a biannual release schedule, publishing in March and September every year.
Alongside the magazine, Cereal publishes regular digital stories on their website, update online city guides, publish physical city guide books, and publish a number of other books."
The Concierge Questionnaire,"The Concierge Questionnaire is an online travel magazine, launched in 2009, featuring locals with “travel answers from those who know,"" and inspired by the Proust Questionnaire.
Since April 2011, Chantal Westerman, former Entertainment Editor and Hollywood Correspondent of ABC's Good Morning America (GMA), has been hosting ConciergeQ Conversations with Chantal Westerman. ConciergeQ Conversations with Chantal Westerman are in-depth interviews with guests who are also featured on The Concierge Questionnaire. Ms. Westerman's first featured guests were Fort Worth Opera and The Thrilling Adventure Hour.
The Concierge Questionnaire launched URHere Travel, focusing on event and festival coverage, in March 2012. The launch included the first video interview of ConciergeQ Conversations with Chantal Westerman.  Ms. Westerman's guest was filmmaker Heather Rae - 2008 Independent Spirit Award Producer of the Year.
Maria Prekeges hosts ConciergeQ's URHere Travel food, wine and spirits coverage. Her celebrity interviews have included  Brent Ridge and Josh Kilmer-Purcell of The Fabulous Beekman Boys, and Chef John Tesar of Top Chef (season 10)."
Condé Nast Traveller,"Condé Nast Traveller is published by Condé Nast Publications Ltd, from Vogue House in Hanover Square, Mayfair, London. It is a luxury travel magazine aimed at the upmarket, independent traveller.
It can be differentiated from the American version of the magazine because of the UK spelling of the word Traveller, and contains mainly original UK content, though some features are used from the US magazine and repackaged for a UK audience."
Culture+Travel,"Culture+Travel (formerly Culture & Travel) is a travel magazine based in New York City, New York. Published by Louise Blouin Media and founded by former Conde Nast editorial director James Truman, it was launched in 2006 as a bi-monthly print magazine. It was later incorporated into art and lifestyle media  Artinfo.com, and relaunched as an online publication in 2014, providing original articles and travel destination guides.
Print editions of its stories appear in both Art+Auction and Modern Painters magazines. Its main competitors are Condé Nast Traveler and Travel + Leisure. The editor-in-chief since 2014 is Robert Michael Poole."
Departures (magazine),"Departures is an American digital lifestyle magazine with a focus on luxury and travel for holders of American Express platinum and centurion cards. It was formerly a print magazine published by Meredith Corporation under an arrangement with American Express. On March 25, 2021, it was announced that Departures would cease print publication, and, according to an American Express statement, transition ""to a new digital-first editorial platform."" American Express announced that it was ending its publishing deal with Meredith.The longtime editor-in-chief was Richard David Story, who had previously worked at Vogue and Esquire. He spent 17 years at Departures before leaving in 2017. ""Richard had the essential ingredient required of a great editor – massive curiosity"", said Graydon Carter, the longtime editor of Vanity Fair. ""It carried him through an enviable run at Departures."" In May 2017, Jeffries Blackerby was named editor-in-chief. From 2002 to 2006, he had been senior editor at Departures before going on to positions at the New York Times and Vogue. In March 2021, with the suspension of the print edition, Blackerby exited the company.Departures had been purchased from American Express Publishing by Time Inc. on October 1, 2013, along with sister publication Travel + Leisure. In 2017, Meredith purchased Time Inc.'s magazines, including Departures, in a $2.8 billion deal.At its peak, Departures was said to generate an estimated $50 million a year in revenue. It is known for its colorful layouts and photography, travel essays, and city guides."
EnRoute (magazine),"enRoute is the in-flight magazine and entertainment system of Air Canada. All content in the print magazine, as well as the website, is published in both French and English by Spafax. The magazine has offices in both Montreal, Quebec. and Toronto, Ontario."
ENTREE Travel Newsletter,"ENTREE Travel Newsletter (established 1981) is a travel newsletter by American writer Bill Tomicki.  It bills itself as ""An uncompromising and confidential travelers newsletter.""As of 2014, it has over 22,000 subscribers. Tomicki said then when it started in 1981, it was the third travel newsletter in the industry. It is targeted to upscale clientele, Tomicki said Entree's average reader is between 45 and 55, and has a household income of $455,000 a year.In 2006, Tomicki described the newsletter operations: ""I have a staff of 12--four permanent people based in Santa Barbara, Calif.,"" where he lives, ""and eight stringers around the world who contribute information, which I then edit and assemble in the newsletter.""The newsletter has been reviewed in the Chicago Tribune, The New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times."
Escapism Travel Magazine,"Escapism Travel Magazine is a travel magazine based in New York City, United States.
Published twice a year, it has 250,000 readers, according to its corporate media kit."
Executive Travel,"Executive Travel magazine was an American bimonthly magazine published in New York City by Time Inc. The magazine, launched in May 2002, was published 6 times a year. Geared toward upscale executives, the magazine covered relevant topics on business, travel and affluent lifestyle. 
Executive Travel offered exclusive reach to American Express Corporate Platinum Cardmembers. The publication was initially released by American Express Publishing but was sold on October 1, 2013 to Time Inc.On February 4, 2014 Time Inc. announced that it was to cease publishing the magazine. The final issue was the December 2013/January 2014 issue."
FIDO Friendly,"FIDO Friendly is an American dog travel and lifestyle magazine. It releases twice a month and covers themes such as hotel and location reviews,  health and wellbeing, dog training tips, celebrity interviews, and the current fashion trends.
FIDO Friendly is also co-operatively involved with over 30 non-profit organizations, including North Shore Animal League America."
Get Lost Magazine,"get lost Magazine is an independent adventure travel magazine based in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy in Victoria, Australia.  
The magazine, which comes out quarterly, is published by Grin Creative and was founded in 2004 by Publisher Justin Jamieson. The magazine is internationally circulated via print and also digitally through the Get Lost Travel Magazine app, available through iTunes and Amazon.
The magazine seeks out unique travel experiences around the globe for travellers wishing to explore and take holidays that are not found in brochures. It covers places to stay, bars, food, festivals, travel gadgets, eco-travel ideas, and a range of activities from all continents, so people can experience local cultures away from hoards of other travellers.
get lost Magazine Editor is Carrie Hutchinson, a widely published travel writer.
In October 2016 get lost Magazine celebrated its 50th issue."
Gulfscapes Magazine,"Gulfscapes Magazine was a lifestyle magazine for those who live or vacation along the Gulf coast. The magazine emphasized home design and travel. Articles offered information on home interiors; coastal recreation; food; travel destinations; and style. The magazine was created in 2001 in Port Aransas, TX by Victoria Munt Rogers.
Publication editorial and coverage included the five states that border the Gulf of Mexico: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas.
Standard sized, 8.375 x 10.875, the magazine was printed using a web offset process in full colour, and used 'perfect-binding'.
Distribution included a pre-paid subscription base, targeted mail-outs and retail sales in more than 600 locations within HEB, Super Wal-Marts, Rouses, Publix, Barnes&Noble, Hastings and IGA. The magazine was also sold on Amazon.com. 
Magazines were sold in 11 states including: Texas, Alabama, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Georgia, New Mexico, Illinois and Tennessee.
As of 2013, the magazine was no longer published."
Hana Hou!,"Hana Hou! is an American bi-monthly English language inflight magazine.  It is published for Hawaiian Airlines by Honolulu-based NMG Network.
Hana Hou! (which means encore! in the Hawaiian language) includes feature stories, interviews, travelogues and profiles, and ‘Best of the Islands’  and ‘Native Intelligence’  sections.
The awards which the magazine has received  include two in 2007 from the Hawaiian chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists, and many more before and since.
Hana Hou! maintains extensive archives which include back issues going back as far as 2002 (Volume 5) on its website.  While complimentary copies are provided on all Hawaiian Airlines flights, the magazine is also marketed at newsstands in Hawaii and by subscription."
Hemispheres (magazine),"Hemispheres is United Airlines' inflight magazines. The magazine is circulated monthly and reaches 139 million passengers annually. The magazine was formerly produced in Greensboro, North Carolina. It is currently produced in New York City.Hemispheres was established in 1992. Its editorial coverage includes its signature ‘3 Perfect Days’ travel piece, and the latest news in business, travel, fashion, and culture. The magazine reaches a highly influential business and leisure traveller audience, with a median household income of $128,000, spending and profession.In 2009, Ink was appointed as the new publisher for United Hemispheres. Ink's first issue of Hemispheres was placed on all United Airlines and United Airlines Express flights on March 1, 2009."
Holiday (magazine),"Holiday was an American travel magazine published from 1946 to 1977, whose circulation grew to more than one million subscribers at its height. The magazine employed writers such as Truman Capote, Joan Didion, Lawrence Durell, James Michener, and E. B. White. 
In 2014, the magazine was relaunched as a bi-annual magazine based in Paris, but written in English.

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Holidaymaker (magazine),"Holidaymaker is a seasonal publication produced by Cambrian News, for publicising tourism attractions and activities in parts of Wales.Since 2009, Holidaymaker can be viewed for free as an online publication."
Holland Herald,Holland Herald is the inflight magazine of the Dutch airline KLM. Launched in 1966 it is the oldest inflight magazine.
Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine,"Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine was a magazine published between 1856 and 1861, in San Francisco, which played an important role in popularizing California in general, and to a large extent Yosemite National Park in particular.
Publisher and promoter James Hutchings was born in Towcester, England, and in 1848 came to the United States along with a vast wave of Europeans that were escaping a maelstrom of economic, political and religious oppression in the late 1840s. Shortly after he arrived gold was found in the Sierra Nevada, and Hutchings decided to seek his fortune. His was a common story insofar as he did not make a good living mining gold, but what little he did make he invested. In addition to attracting settlers to the west coast, the gold rush also brought technology, in particular printing presses, and Hutchings learned to make a moderately lucrative living publishing and selling letter sheets, which were printed broad sheets purposely left blank on the back so they could be used to write letters, something akin to large-format postcards. They became very popular among miners, who used them when they wrote home to friends and relatives in the east. Aside from making a living selling the letter sheets, as Hutchings traveled around California he gained a sense of what was important in the popular mind and came up with the idea of an illustrated magazine.
The news of the Mariposa Battalion's incursion into a valley (that the battalion members named Yosemite) for the purpose of tracking down alleged renegade Indians was fairly widely published, but the news focused on the confrontation. Hutchings was one of the few people to note the mention of a 1000-foot waterfall, and in 1854 when he was first formulating the idea of his illustrated magazine, he decided that a trip into that valley might make for interesting stories in the inaugural issue of the magazine. In the late spring of 1855 he hired artists to join him, and when the party arrived in the foothills he hired two Mi-Wuk men as guides. As the party came around Inspiration Point, they stopped long enough for Thomas Ayres to get a detailed sketch, which was published as a lithographic poster that fall, the first published image of Yosemite Valley. In June 1856, the entire account was published in Volume I of the magazine, and included five of Ayres' drawings.
The magazine was published monthly from July 1856 to June 1861, five volumes total. Although Yosemite was prominent, it was a magazine of general interest that focused on California's nascent tourist attractions. Each issue contained travel narratives, ranging from simple day trips out of San Francisco to arduous trans-Sierra treks. Longer articles were interspersed with shorter and lighter pieces, such as poetry and tables of interesting facts. The magazine popularized a number of well-known legendary stories of the West including the Pony Express, Grizzly Adams and Snowshoe Thompson. The story of the naming of Yosemite was first published in the magazine in an article by Lafayette Bunnell."
ISRAEL21c,"ISRAEL21c is an American online magazine focused on technological and scientific advances made by researchers in Israel, and on covering of Israeli society and culture. The headquarters is in San Francisco."
Lonely Planet,"Lonely Planet is a travel guide book publisher. Founded in Australia in 1973, the company has printed over 150 million books."
Los Cabos Magazine,"Los Cabos Magazine is a Mexican lifestyle and tourism magazine with a special reference to Los Cabos. The magazine was founded in 1993. From 2007 it is published on a quarterly basis.The magazine is published in English and provides information about Los Cabos targeting tourists as well as local residents. Its headquarters is in Cabo San Lucas. It also has offices in San Diego, United States."
Maui Nō Ka ʻOi Magazine,"Maui Nō Ka ʻOi Magazine is a bi-monthly regional magazine published by the Haynes Publishing Group in Wailuku, Hawaii.The phrase Maui nō ka ʻoi means ""Maui is the best"" in the Hawaiian language. Maui Nō Ka ʻOi Magazine features stories relating to the culture, art, dining, environmental issues, current events, recreational activities, and local businesses within Maui County. The magazine is marketed at newsstands across the United States and by subscription, and is distributed as an in-room amenity in resorts.
Since 2002 the magazine has sponsored the ʻAipono Awards, an annual award in which readers select their favorite restaurants in 25 categories. In 2003 they began celebrating the winners at an annual banquet. Proceeds from the banquet go to the Maui Community College's Culinary Academy.Maui Nō Ka ʻOi has a circulation of 25,000 and an estimated readership of 1.44 annually. The magazine has received several Paʻi awards, which are given out by the Hawaii Publishers Association."
Merian (magazine),"Merian is a German travel magazine which was founded in 1948. It is named after Matthäus Merian. The magazine is published by Jahreszeiten Verlag in Hamburg. Each issue of this monthly print publication is devoted to a specific city or region. The issues each deal with a geographical region: a country, a part of a country, a group of countries or a city. The name of the journal recalls the Basel engraver Matthäus Merian, who published illustrated descriptions of cities in the 17th century."
Metropolis (free magazine),"Metropolis is a 32-to-48-page free monthly city guide, news and classified ads glossy magazine published by Japan Partnership Inc. targeting the English-speaking community in Tokyo, Japan. As of April 2011, its circulation was claimed to be 30,000."
Monk Magazine,"Monk: The Mobile Magazine was a travel magazine published from 1986 to 2000 by James Crotty and Michael Lane, aka the Monks. The magazine began publication as a newsletter when Crotty and Lane left San Francisco to travel across the United States by RV. They published a glossy magazine to document their travels, a publication that became a cult hit. In their travels the Monks interviewed numerous off-beat and counterculture figures such as Annie Sprinkle, Quentin Crisp, Kurt Cobain, Dan Savage and Gus Van Sant and offered tips on what unusual sights one should see when traveling.
In 1993, they published a book, Mad Monks on the Road/a 47,000-Hour Dashboard Adventure-From Paradise, California, to Royal, Arkansas, and Up the New Jersey Turnpike (Simon and Schuster) reprinting a number of their interviews and adventures.
In 1995 Lane authored Pink Highways(Carol Publishing) and in 1997 Crotty authored How to Talk American (Houghton Mifflin).
The magazine has been replaced by a website, monk.com and a series of Monk travel guides that include Mad Monks Guide to New York City (Macmillan) and Mad Monks Guide to California (Macmillan)."
National Geographic Traveler,"National Geographic Traveler is a magazine published by NG Media in Armenia, Belgium, the Netherlands, China, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Latin America, Israel, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Spain and the UK. The US edition was published from 1984 to 2019.

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New Hampshire Troubadour,"The New Hampshire Troubadour was a monthly magazine supported by the State Planning and Development Commission of New Hampshire and which was originally published from 1931 to 1951. It was subsequently published under several private owners and titles, most prominently as New Hampshire Profiles.It was briefly revived under the original name for a few years early in the twenty-first century, as a quarterly magazine published by a 501(c)(3) charitable organization with no paid employees.The magazine's first editor was Thomas Dreier.During the Troubadour's original run three covers were illustrated by American artist Maxfield Parrish."
New Mexico Magazine,"New Mexico Magazine was launched in 1923, and is the first state magazine founded in the United States. It is published monthly in print, online, and via an iOS app. Additionally, the magazine also maintains a store, selling New Mexico-related products."
Nomad Africa Magazine,"Nomad Africa is a Pan-African quarterly issue magazine, published in Johannesburg, South Africa, by 2414 Publishing (Pty) Limited a subsidiary of 2414 Media Group. The prototype magazine of Nomad Africa Project was published in January 2012 and its reception was positive, resulting in an increased demand in Africa as well as internationally, so that distribution for the November 2015 printed edition already exceeded 65,000. 2414 Publishing (Pty) Ltd took over the Nomad Africa brand in 2015. 
Since 2015  up until the present moment, 2414 Publishing has grown the brand to become a high end retail magazine in Southern Africa  as well as being distributed in selected African countries and in VIP lounges of international airports, business class sections of selected airlines, Four and Five Star Hotels. 
2414 Publishing (Pty) Ltd encompasses associated media and digital platforms under its publishing umbrella."
Oklahoma Today,"Oklahoma Today is the official magazine of the State of Oklahoma, United States, published in cooperation with the Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation. It provides its readers the best of the state's people, places, travel, culture, food and outdoors in six issues a year.
Oklahoma Today has been in constant publication since January 1956. It is the state's longest-running magazine, and is the fourth-oldest regional magazine in the country.
Oklahoma Today's base circulation is 38,000 and is the state's third-largest paid circulation publication, coming behind only The Oklahoman and Tulsa World. It is the only statewide magazine and it is the only magazine with a paid circulation. Oklahoma Today subscribers live in all 77 counties of the state, other state's and many other countries. The magazine can be found on newsstands throughout the state and region.
Oklahoma Today received the ""Best Magazine"" award from the Oklahoma Pro Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists in 2007."
Our State,"Our State (full title: Our State: Celebrating North Carolina) is a monthly magazine based in Greensboro, North Carolina, featuring travel and history articles and photographs about North Carolina people, places and events. First published in 1933 as The State magazine, the publication has become ""the oldest regional publication of its kind in the country,"" according to the Associated Press. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA)."
Outside (magazine),"Outside is a magazine focused on the outdoors. The first issue of the Outside magazine was published in September 1977. It is published by Outside Inc., a company that also owns various other ventures.

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Podróże (magazine),Podróże is a monthly Polish magazine published in Warsaw since 1998. The magazine presents travel tips and geographical information. It is one of the largest travel magazines in Poland.
Porthole Cruise Magazine,"Porthole Cruise and Travel Magazine is a bi-monthly, internationally distributed periodical dedicated to cruise ship travel, holiday cruise destinations, and cruise ship experiences."
Qantas The Australian Way,"Qantas The Australian Way is an Australian inflight magazine of Qantas. The magazine, based in Melbourne, was first published in 1986 under the name The Australian Way. It covers lifestyle topics. All content in the monthly magazine is published in English. The magazine ended a 14-year publishing deal with Bauer Media Group, switching its publisher to Medium Rare Content Agency from mid-2015."
Realm (magazine),"Realm is a picture magazine available in the United Kingdom. It focuses on sites and topics of interest to tourists from North America, and carries frequent coverage of the British Royal Family and British government. The magazine was renamed Discover Britain in 2011. Discover Britain is published by the Chelsea Magazine Company."
Rhapsody (magazine),"Rhapsody was one of United Airlines' monthly in-flight magazines, along with Hemispheres. It was directed toward luxury consumers, being available in United's lounges and first- and business-class cabins. The magazine was published by Ink and headquartered in Brooklyn, New York.Rhapsody began publishing in November 2013 and was a self-proclaimed ""luxury lifestyle and literary magazine."" As of 2016, its readers' average net worth was $2,775,000 and household income was $380,700. Typical issues of the magazine contained profiles of celebrities (the main cover feature); coverage of the facets of a luxury lifestyle, such as fine dining, fashion, and hotels; and travel essays and other features, often written by notable writers such as Joyce Carol Oates, Anthony Doerr, Rick Moody, Amy Bloom, and Emma Straub. Monthly readership was about 2 million.United ceased publication of Rhapsody in June 2018, with the last issue bearing a Summer 2018 date. The airline stated that it planned to incorporate the most popular elements of Rhapsody into its regular inflight magazine Hemispheres."
Road & Travel Magazine,"Road & Travel Magazine (RTM) is an online magazine focusing on automotive, travel, climate change and personal safety issues with a slant towards women. The magazine has its headquarters in Los Angeles, CA."
Roadrunner (magazine),"RoadRUNNER is a bimonthly publication covering motorcycle touring. It is based out of Winston-Salem, NC, and first appeared in the bookstores in 2001. It is also available via subscription in the U.S. and Canada. Contents include coverage of tours, product reviews, and maps for the featured tour.  In addition to sports, touring, cruising and dual-sport bikes, the magazine also covers vintage bikes and motor scooters.  RoadRUNNER was started by Christian and Christa Neuhauser in 2001."
Russian Riviera,"Russian Riviera (La Riviera russe/ Русская Ривьера) is a Russian high-end lifestyle magazine launched in 2011 in France by Anton Koslov Mayr, Guela Patiachvili and Natalia Garilskaya. The publication enjoyed reputation as an intellectual magazine for the Russia’s rich. It was praised for its quality by many media commentators, including Russian social columnist and opposition figure Bozhena Rynska. In 2015 the publication was acquired by a US-based media agency GPMM.Russian Riviera was originally created as a tourist publication, providing practical information for Russian-speaking visitors in France and Monaco. 
 However, in its second issue it began publishing interviews with opposition figures, short stories, and articles that otherwise couldn’t be published in Russia.""Russian Riviera"" often featured interviews with high-profile political figures including anti-Putin activist and billionaire Bill Browder, Soviet defector and author Viktor Suvorov, Putin's spiritual mentor Bishop Tikhon Shevkunov, politician Irina Khakamada, dissident artists Eric Bulatov and Mikhail Roginsky. The magazine had a literary section and regularly published short stories by authors including Zakhar Prilepin, Lev Timofeev,  George Kopelian, and Lera Tikhonova. The magazine was also reputed for its photography and illustrations: it featured the works  of Gueorgui Pinkhassov, Stanley Green, Urs Bigler, Peter Lindbergh, Irina Polin, Stephen Shanabrook, Anton Koslov Mayr and others."
Saveur,"Saveur is an online gourmet, food, wine, and travel magazine that publishes essays about various world cuisines. The publication was co-founded by Dorothy Kalins, Michael Grossman, Christopher Hirsheimer, and Colman Andrews (who was also the editor-in-chief from 1996 to 2001). It was started by Meigher Communications in 1994. World Publications bought Saveur and Garden Design in 2000. World Publications was renamed Bonnier Corporation in 2007. In October 2020, Bonnier Corporation sold Saveur, along with several other publications, to venture equity group North Equity.In April 2023, Saveur was purchased by one of its longtime editors, Kat Craddock, and her investment partner.A popular feature has been the ""Saveur 100"", an annual list of ""favorite restaurants, food, drink, people, places and things"".

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Scandinavian Traveler,Scandinavian Traveler is the inflight magazine of Scandinavian Airlines (SAS).
Sidetracked (magazine),Sidetracked is an online and print magazine that aims to capture the experience of adventure travel and extreme sports through personal stories. The magazine was started as a website in 2011 but in 2014 moved into print with a bi-annual journal. Sidetracked also gifts an annual grant to explorers through its adventure fund. Its editor-in-chief is John Summerton; the editor is Alex Roddie; the photo editor is Martin Hartley; other editors are Jenny Tough and Daniel Neilson. Contributing editors include Tom Hill and Kieran Creevy.
Sidetrip Travel Magazine,"Sidetrip Travel Magazine is a free quarterly travel magazine that features destinations in the Philippines. It is noticeably smaller than mainstream and travel magazines, measuring 4.75 in. x 8.5 in. only. Sidetrip is distributed at the Department of Tourism Information Center (T.M. Kalaw, Manila), Victory Liner terminals (for deluxe passengers), travel agencies, and select cafes and restaurants in Metro Manila. It is published by Pico Integrated Marketing Agency."
Sports+Travel Hong Kong,Sports + Travel Hong Kong is a free travel magazine based in Hong Kong and targeted at English readers. It is published bi-monthly.
Suitcase (magazine),"Suitcase Magazine is a multimedia travel magazine, first published in 2012 by Serena Guen. The magazine is available as a quarterly print magazine, iPad and iPhone app, and a daily updated travel website.
Each quarterly print volume includes global travel destinations by theme such as, rhythm, myths & legends, and art, and includes travel stories, city guides and fashion editorials."
The Sunday Times Travel Magazine,"The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was a monthly British travel magazine. Although part of the same company (News UK) as the weekly The Sunday Times travel section, its content was entirely different. The magazine published travel information, features, competitions, offers, and photography. It was established in February/March 2003 as a bi-monthly magazine, changing to a monthly frequency in 2005. As of 2014, the magazine has a limited online presence, with less than 5% of its content available to view online. The remaining 95% is published exclusively in print. The magazine's last issue was October 2020."
Sunset (magazine),"Sunset is a lifestyle magazine in the United States. Sunset focuses on homes, cooking, gardening, and travel, with a focus almost exclusively on the Western United States. The magazine is published six times per year by the Sunset Publishing Corporation which was sold by Time Inc. in November 2017 to Regent, a private equity firm led by investor Michael Reinstein. Regent formed the publisher Archetype in 2019 for its media holdings."
Texas Highways,"Texas Highways is a monthly magazine put out by the Texas Department of Transportation that, according to the agency, ""promotes travel and tourism to Texas through articles and photography.""

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This Month in Taiwan,"This Month in Taiwan, founded by E. Kirk Henderson and first published in 1974, is the most widely distributed tourism magazine in Taiwan, with an annual estimated circulation of 200,000 copies. The publishers authorizes advertisers or their agents to physically count and verify the quantity of magazines published at its printing plant at any time. This Month in Taiwan is distributed free of charge and available at leading hotels in Taiwan as well as in airports, clubs, government offices and other tourism-related locations.
Common topics covered by the magazine include:

Tourist attractions
Maps
Hotel lists
Nightlife in Taipei
Art and culture
Dining
Associations and clubs
Tourism offices
Public transportation schedules"
TNT (magazine),"TNT is a free weekly magazine published in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand."
Today's Traveller,Today's Traveller (TT) is an Indian monthly travel magazine published since 1997. Based in New Delhi.
Trailer Life,"Trailer Life is a magazine that reviews recreational vehicles, provides articles on travel trailers and towing as well a focus on the outdoors, recent trends and popular destinations."
Travel + Leisure,"Travel + Leisure is a travel magazine based in New York City, New York. Published 12 times a year, it has 4.8 million readers, according to its corporate media kit. It is published by Dotdash Meredith, a subsidiary of IAC, with trademark rights belonging to Travel + Leisure Co., a timeshare company capitally separate from IAC but licensing trademark to. Its main competitor is Condé Nast Traveler."
Travel + Leisure Golf,"Travel + Leisure Golf was a bimonthly American magazine published by American Express. Unlike other golf magazines, Travel + Leisure Golf focused less on the sport than on the affluent golf lifestyle, with regular features on cars, resorts, wines, and spirits."
Travel Agent (magazine),"Travel Agent is a biweekly trade magazine, published by Questex, LLC and targeted at travel agency professionals, featuring travel industry news. It is based in New York City."
Travel Extra,"Travel Extra is a newspaper dedicated to the Travel industry in Ireland. It featured aviation, cruise and ferry news and destination reviews.
The newspaper was founded in 1995 by Gerry O'Hare, former travel correspondent of The Irish Press, which had closed suddenly in May 1995, and Tony Barry, former travel editor of the Evening Herald, with the assistance of Anne Cadwallader and John Butterly. From 2002 it was owned by the Business Exhibitions Group."
Travel Holiday,"Travel Holiday, formerly Travel, was an American travel magazine, published from 1901 to 2003."
Travel in Taiwan,"Travel In Taiwan, an English-language bimonthly magazine, is produced in Taipei, Taiwan by Vision International Publishing Co., Ltd. on behalf of Taiwan's Tourism Bureau, an agency of the country's Ministry of Transportation and Communications. The magazine, which is designed to encourage foreign tourists to visit Taiwan, includes information on many aspects of traveling on the Pacific island.
Recent issues have been about 60 pages long, each with around 10 feature articles, a culture & art segment, a calendar of upcoming events, travel news, and a small amount of advertising, including a listing of select hotels. Articles are often accompanied by small maps, helpful info on accommodation, restaurants, and public transport, as well as a list of terms and place names in English and Chinese."
Travel Trade Gazette,"Travel Trade Gazette (UK & Ireland edition), known as TTG, is a weekly newspaper for the travel industry.
TTG was launched in 1953 by Leslie Stone and Ted Kirkham and is the world's oldest travel trade newspaper. It includes news, destination reports and careers advice for the travel and tourism industries. Sectors covered include travel agents, tour operators, airlines, cruise companies, hotels, tourist boards, rail travel, ferry lines, business travel and web-based operators.
The paper has an audited circulation of 17,099 and is distributed via subscription and controlled circulation to high street travel agents, homeworker agents, call centres, tour operators and other travel organisations. It is published on Thursdays.
TTG also publishes ttgluxury, a quarterly publication for the luxury travel sector, and bespoke supplements as well as running several events including the TTG Travel Awards, TTG Top 50 Travel Agencies, TTG On Tour roadshows, TTG LGBT travel events and ttgluxury seminars. Since 2012 TTG has also produced the WTM show dailies, for London's World Travel Market, magazines that are distributed on each day of WTM London to over 50,000 attendees.
The paper's website includes news, competitions, photo galleries and job vacancies.
TTG employs about 25 staff and is published by TTG Media Limited. It is based at TTG's head office New Bridge Street House, 30-34 New Bridge Street, London EC4V 6BJ 
In 2013, former editor Daniel Pearce completed a management buy-out from parent company UBM, setting up TTG Media Ltd.
TTG is also published under licence in the Middle East and North Africa, Russia, the Czech Republic, Italy and Poland."
The Traveler (magazine),"The Traveler, (Chinese: 旅行者) named World Traveler in English, is a monthly tourism magazine published by Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House. The target readers of The Traveler are the middle class in China. It was founded in Shanghai in 2000.
The Traveler is the only member among Chinese tourism magazines in the Journal of the Association of the United States. It publishes primarily in the 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and two Special Administrative Regions.
The Traveler publishes mainly journeys, business trips, top 10 lists and other columns. Its columnists include Ma Modu, Chen Danyan, and Jeremy Clarkson."
TravelLady,"TravelLady is a free online travel magazine with over 200 international travel writers contributing. It was started in 1994 by Madelyn Miller. It is based in Dallas, Texas.The site contains recommendations for various travel destinations around the world.  There is an extensive section of articles that offer advice on a number of special interest topics, such as art galleries and scuba diving.
The magazine is updated daily with new travel articles and Travel Tidbits.  Over 5,000 travel articles are archived online."
Uralsky Sledopyt,"Uralsky Sledopyt (Russian: Уральский Следопыт, Ural Pathfinder) is a Soviet and Russian magazine dedicated to tourism and local history. It also has a science fiction section. It is printed in Yekaterinburg (formerly Sverdlovsk), Russia, located on the eastern side of the Ural mountain range, hence the name of the magazine.In 1981 the magazine established the Aelita Prize for science fiction."
Vagabond (magazine),"Vagabond  is a travel magazine published in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The magazine is one of the earliest travel magazines in the Scandinavia and publishes travel-related articles."
Walkabout (magazine),"Walkabout was an Australian illustrated magazine published from 1934 to 1974 (and again in 1978) combining cultural, geographic, and scientific content with travel literature. Initially a travel magazine, in its forty-year run it featured a popular mix of articles by travellers, officials, residents, journalists, naturalists, anthropologists and novelists, illustrated by Australian photojournalists. Its title derived ""from the supposed 'racial characteristic of the Australian Aboriginal who is always on the move'."""
Wanderlust (magazine),"Wanderlust is a UK based independent travel magazine, first published in 1993. It is the oldest travel magazine still in circulation in the UK and Europe and has the largest circulation of any UK travel magazine according to ABC.Wanderlust focuses on lesser-visited destinations, unique experiences, and responsible travel. The magazine is published in print and digital formats bi-monthly with the strap-line ""taking the road less travelled"". 
Wanderlust is led by entrepreneur Georgios Kipouros as editor-in-chief and produced in London. The magazine includes features on off-the-beaten-track travel; sustainable, alternative destinations; and authentic, experiential trips. The Wanderlust website includes archives from backdated editions alongside travel articles."
Weg!,"Weg! (literal English translation: Away!; title of English-language version: Go!) is an Afrikaans language outdoor and travel magazine. It was first published in April 2004 and is owned by the Media24 division of Naspers. The magazine focuses on affordable destinations in South Africa and the rest of Africa.
In addition to travel articles, the magazine also contains photographic portfolios focusing on nature and recipes, as well as car, book, music and outdoor equipment reviews.
The original name of the magazine was Wegbreek (Break Away), but it was forced to change its name after a court case with Ramsay, Son & Parker, the publishers of the rival Getaway magazine.
In February 2006, the magazine achieved a circulation of 77,174 (as audited by the Audit Bureau of Circulations of South Africa), making it the largest outdoor and travel magazine in any language in South Africa. This position was consolidated by the launch of its English language sister magazine, Go! in June of the same year, which resulted in a combined circulation figure of 113,248 by November 2006.
In December 2006, WegSleep (Tow Away), a former caravanning and camping supplement, was launched as an independent magazine.
The founding editor of the magazine was Bun Booyens. He was succeeded by Barnie Louw from 2010–2013, with Pierre Steyn taking over the reins as editor early in 2014. 
In 2011, Weg! produced its first stand-alone travel map of the Baviaanskloof by in-house cartographer François Haasbroek. Since then, the magazine has published detailed travel maps of Namibia and the Kruger National Park."
Where (magazine),"Where is a series of magazines for tourists, distributed at hotels, convention centres, regional malls and other tourist areas."
The Wide World Magazine,The Wide World Magazine was a British monthly illustrated publication which ran from April 1898 to December 1965.
Wings of China,"Wings of China is the inflight magazine of Air China. The magazine is published monthly in Beijing, China."
Yankee (magazine),"Yankee is a bimonthly (once every two months) magazine about lifestyle, travel and culture in the New England region of the United States, based in Dublin, New Hampshire. The first issue appeared in September 1935. It has a paid circulation of below 300,000 in 2015, from a peak of one million in the 1980s.

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030 (magazine),"030 (also known as [030] Magazin Berlin), is a free ad-supported German magazine from Berlin. Its name refers to the dialing code of the city. It was founded on 6 October 1994 and provides information about movies, concerts, parties, sports, and new media. It is distributed in bars, pubs and restaurants and is published every two weeks. The print run is 52,000 pieces. The [030] has belonged to Zitty Verlag GmbH from 2008 - 2015.
Since January 2016, the [030] Magazin Homepage had an online relaunch. The publisher and editors have been located in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg."
5280,"5280 is an American monthly magazine focused on Denver, Colorado and published by 5280 Publishing, Inc.  Its name derives from Denver's elevation of 5,280 feet (1609 m / 1 mile) above sea level. The monthly publication has an audited circulation of 77,027, making it the largest local magazine in Colorado. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA)."
AIA Guide to New York City,"The AIA Guide to New York City by Norval White, Elliot Willensky, and Fran Leadon is an extensive catalogue with descriptions, critique and photographs of significant and noteworthy architecture throughout the five boroughs of New York City. Originally published in 1967, the fifth edition, with new co-author Fran Leadon, was published in 2010."
American Guide Series,"The American Guide Series includes books and pamphlets published from 1937 to 1941 under the auspices of the Federal Writers' Project (FWP), a Depression-era program that was part of the larger Works Progress Administration in the United States. The American Guide Series books were compiled by the FWP, but printed by individual states, and contained detailed histories of each of the then 48 states of the Union with descriptions of every major city and town. The series not only detailed the histories of the 48 states, but provided insight to their cultures as well. In total, the project employed over 6,000 writers. The format was uniform, comprising essays on the state's history and culture, descriptions of its major cities, automobile tours of important attractions, and a portfolio of photographs.
Many books in the project have been updated by private companies or republished without updating. Although not then a state, a guide for Alaska was published, and also for Puerto Rico (but not for Hawaii).
If there had been room in Rocinante I would have packed the W.P.A. Guides to the States, all forty-eight volumes of them...The complete set comprises the most comprehensive account of the United States ever got together, and nothing since has approached it."""
Attract China,"Attract China LLC is an American tourism company that helps U.S. businesses promote their hotels, restaurants, retail stores, attractions and deals to Chinese tourists, the fastest-growing and highest-spending tourist segment in the U.S., through digital platforms and printed guides. Attract China also markets to Chinese college students, who comprised the largest segment of foreign students attending the top 25 U.S. schools hosting international students during the 2012–2013 academic year.Attract China is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts and operates a Chinese-language website in Beijing, China."
Beijing This Month,"Beijing This Month (BTM) is a free monthly English language magazine, published in Beijing by the Beijing Foreign Cultural Exchanges Centre in association with the Beijing City Government.

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Boston (magazine),Boston is a monthly magazine concerning life in the Greater Boston area and has been in publication since 1805.
Chicago (magazine),"Chicago is a monthly magazine published by Tribune Publishing. It concentrates on lifestyle and human interest stories, and on reviewing restaurants, travel, fashion, and theatre from or nearby Chicago. Its circulation in 2004 was 165,000, larger than People in its market. Also in 2004, it received the National Magazine Award for General Excellence. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).

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City Weekend,"City Weekend was a free, bi-weekly entertainment event and venue listing magazine based out of China. Its on-line edition was both autonomous and complementary to the print magazine — City Weekend was ""reader-powered"" and sources most of its information directly from the expat community. The last publication was in 2018 and they have closed operations in China since then. The website is not maintained anymore."
Citysearch,"Citysearch is an online city guide that provides information about businesses in the categories of dining, entertainment, retail, travel, and professional services in cities throughout the United States. Visitors to each of Citysearch's local city guides will find contact information, maps, driving directions, editorial, and user reviews for the businesses listed.  Citysearch is headquartered in West Hollywood, California and is an owned and operated web site of CityGrid Media, which is an operating business of eLocal. The original office was in Pasadena, California.Citysearch was founded in September 1995 by Jeffrey Brewer, Caskey Dickson, Brad Haaugard, Taylor Wescoatt, and Tamar Halpern. Charles R. Conn was then recruited to lead the new company. The idea, initiative, and seed capital came initially from Bill Gross.In August 1998, Citysearch merged with Ticketmaster Online. In July 1999, Citysearch acquired the competing Sidewalk.com website from Microsoft, and merged the two sites together. In December 1999, Ticketmaster-CitySearch received a $40 million investment from USA Networks, Inc., then controlled by Barry Diller. In 2007, another competitor, Insider Pages was acquired.
In June 2010, Citysearch LLC rebranded as CityGrid Media. The company also operates similar local consumer properties, such as Insider Pages.In 2019, eLocal acquired CityGrid Media from IAC.While many local search sites mushroomed in the 21st century, Citysearch faced intense  biggest competition comes from the fast-growing Yelp, Inc. In the late 2000s, Yelp grew at 80% while Citysearch growth remained flat.  Local search engines from Bing, Google and Yahoo also became competitors to Cityserach for finding local businesses on the internet."
D Magazine,"D Magazine is a monthly magazine covering Dallas–Fort Worth. It is headquartered in Downtown Dallas.D Magazine covers a range of topics including politics, business, food, fashion and lifestyle in the city of Dallas.  The first issue was published in October 1974 by its founders, Wick Allison and Jim Atkinson."
The Dubliner (magazine),"The Dubliner was a city magazine based in and centred on Dublin, Ireland. It ceased publication in January 2012, eleven years to the day after the first edition in January 2001.
The Dubliner was originally published by Dubliner Media Limited, and came out ten times per year. Contents included human-interest stories, reporting, opinion, political and social commentary, and essays on Irish culture. It also included reviews of restaurants, books, music, comedy, theatre, cinema and art.
The magazine was bought by the VIP Magazine Group in December 2008. In March 2010, it was transformed into a weekly magazine distributed with the Thursday edition of the Evening Herald.Graydon Carter of Vanity Fair described The Dubliner as ""a fantastic publication"" - but according to White it was ""an instant failure"", and within a few months it was close to bankruptcy. He struggled to keep the magazine afloat for eight years"" before selling The Dubliner — and the associated restaurants guide — to magazine publisher Michael O'Doherty in November 2008. Shortly afterwards, O'Doherty explained, ""The Dubliner is a magazine I've long admired. Launched nine years ago, shortly after VIP, it has a compact but loyal readership, and a reputation for top-class writing. Sure, it has featured the occasional 10-page yawn-fest about Aosdána, but now that I own the business, I can replace that with pictures of Twink.""In 2006, The Dubliner libelled Elin Nordegren, Tiger Wood's ex-wife, and printed nude photographs purporting to be of Nordegren. Nordegren sued the magazine, of which White was the publisher, in a Dublin court and won substantial damages."
Easy Milano,"Easy Milano is a fortnightly magazine for the English speaking community of Milan.  The publication lists businesses and associations relevant to international expats, as well as bilingual Italians.

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F*INK,"f*INK Weekly Entertainment Guide  was a free weekly guide owned by Martin Kean and Caroline McCaw. It was published each Wednesday from February to December, from 1996-2009 in Dunedin, New Zealand. The aim of the guide was to provide free information about events to the local community using cheap one-colour printing but with a distinctive design style. Part of f*INK's mission was support of and collaboration with artist networks, bands and musicians, including those that grew out of the Dunedin sound."
Foursquare City Guide,"Foursquare City Guide, commonly known as Foursquare, is a local search-and-discovery mobile app developed by Foursquare Labs Inc. The app provides personalized recommendations of places to go near a user's current location based on users' previous browsing history and check-in history.The service was created in late 2008 by Dennis Crowley and Naveen Selvadurai and launched in 2009. Crowley had previously founded the similar project Dodgeball as his graduate thesis project in the Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP) at New York University. Google bought Dodgeball in 2005 and shut it down in 2009, replacing it with Google Latitude. Dodgeball user interactions were based on SMS technology, rather than an application. Foursquare was similar but allowed for more features, allowing mobile device users to interact with their environment. Foursquare took advantage of new smartphones like the iPhone, which had built-in GPS to better detect a user's location.
Until late July 2014, Foursquare featured a social networking layer that enabled a user to share their location with friends, via the ""check in"" - a user would manually tell the application when they were at a particular location using a mobile website, text messaging, or a device-specific application by selecting from a list of venues the application locates nearby. In May 2014, the company launched Swarm, a companion app to Foursquare City Guide, that reimagined the social networking and location sharing aspects of the service as a separate application. On August 7, 2014, the company launched Foursquare 8.0, a new version of the service. This version removed the check-in feature and location sharing, instead focusing on local search.
In 2011, user demographics showed a roughly equal split between male and female user accounts, with 50 percent of users registered outside of the US. Most recent statistics show Foursquare with approximately 55 million monthly active users."
GuidePal,"GuidePal is a mobile app that makes it possible for content creators to earn money by recommending their favorite places and experiences to their followers – without the involvement of brands or advertisers.
GuidePal was founded in 2021. The company's head office is based in New York, United States."
Haps Magazine,"Haps Magazine, also known as ""HAPS"", is an English online magazine located in Busan, South Korea that focuses on lifestyle, entertainment and expat life on the Korean peninsula. It was founded in 2009 and has become one of Korea's most popular English resources for news and information.
While the focus of the magazine is mostly on events and happenings around the Busan and southeastern areas of Korea, the magazine has claimed some international fame for some of its articles. Editor-in-Chief Bobby McGill's report on K-pop singer Psy 's past anti-American actions  saw numerous international media outlets including TIME, The Washington Post and the New York Post help break the story which made the ""Gangnam Style"" legend  apologize for his actions.
HAPS also received more international attention when a report about South Korean baseball player Kim Tae-kyun made insensitive remarks towards African-American pitcher Shane Youman. The report helped contribute to the National Human Rights Commission of Korea demanding  sensitivity training education  to prevent similar racial discrimination remarks among sports professionals in Korea."
Houstonia (magazine),"Houstonia is a magazine about Houston and Greater Houston, Texas, United States. It is published by SagaCity Media. The magazine's first issue released in April 2013, titled 250 Reasons to Love Houston. As of January 2016, the magazine is distributed at 800 locations in Greater Houston, including newsstands, retail outlets, and grocery stores.The president of SagaCity, Nicole Vogel, and her brother Scott, the founding editor of Houstonia, were born and raised in Houston. The magazine was nominated for a City and Regional Magazine Award by the CRMA (City and Regional Magazine Assoc.) in 2014. It was further nominated for four CRMA awards in 2015: Reporting, Excellence in Design, Excellence in Writing, and Arts & Culture Writing; the magazine won the latter award that year. In 2016, the magazine was nominated once again for Photography and Excellence in Design in the upcoming CRMA awards to be held in May. In addition, Houstonia was given an AMA Marketer of the Year award for media. The magazine's circulation is upwards of 70,000, while its average monthly readership is over 510,000 and houstoniamag.com generally receives approximately 400,000 views per month."
Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine,"Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine was a magazine published between 1856 and 1861, in San Francisco, which played an important role in popularizing California in general, and to a large extent Yosemite National Park in particular.
Publisher and promoter James Hutchings was born in Towcester, England, and in 1848 came to the United States along with a vast wave of Europeans that were escaping a maelstrom of economic, political and religious oppression in the late 1840s. Shortly after he arrived gold was found in the Sierra Nevada, and Hutchings decided to seek his fortune. His was a common story insofar as he did not make a good living mining gold, but what little he did make he invested. In addition to attracting settlers to the west coast, the gold rush also brought technology, in particular printing presses, and Hutchings learned to make a moderately lucrative living publishing and selling letter sheets, which were printed broad sheets purposely left blank on the back so they could be used to write letters, something akin to large-format postcards. They became very popular among miners, who used them when they wrote home to friends and relatives in the east. Aside from making a living selling the letter sheets, as Hutchings traveled around California he gained a sense of what was important in the popular mind and came up with the idea of an illustrated magazine.
The news of the Mariposa Battalion's incursion into a valley (that the battalion members named Yosemite) for the purpose of tracking down alleged renegade Indians was fairly widely published, but the news focused on the confrontation. Hutchings was one of the few people to note the mention of a 1000-foot waterfall, and in 1854 when he was first formulating the idea of his illustrated magazine, he decided that a trip into that valley might make for interesting stories in the inaugural issue of the magazine. In the late spring of 1855 he hired artists to join him, and when the party arrived in the foothills he hired two Mi-Wuk men as guides. As the party came around Inspiration Point, they stopped long enough for Thomas Ayres to get a detailed sketch, which was published as a lithographic poster that fall, the first published image of Yosemite Valley. In June 1856, the entire account was published in Volume I of the magazine, and included five of Ayres' drawings.
The magazine was published monthly from July 1856 to June 1861, five volumes total. Although Yosemite was prominent, it was a magazine of general interest that focused on California's nascent tourist attractions. Each issue contained travel narratives, ranging from simple day trips out of San Francisco to arduous trans-Sierra treks. Longer articles were interspersed with shorter and lighter pieces, such as poetry and tables of interesting facts. The magazine popularized a number of well-known legendary stories of the West including the Pony Express, Grizzly Adams and Snowshoe Thompson. The story of the naming of Yosemite was first published in the magazine in an article by Lafayette Bunnell."
The Improper Bostonian,"The Improper Bostonian was a glossy lifestyle magazine first published in August 1991 ""highlighting the people and places that make Boston a world-class city.""After 28 years, publisher Wendy Semonian Eppich announced that the magazine ceased publication effective April 25, 2019."
Johnstown Magazine,"Johnstown Magazine is a monthly magazine describing events and activities in the Johnstown, Pennsylvania and surrounding area. The magazine began in April 2005 and is published by Community Newspaper Holdings based in Birmingham, Alabama."
List of literary descriptions of cities (before 1550),"Literary descriptions of cities (also known as urban descriptiones) form a literary genre that originated in Ancient Greek epideictic rhetoric. They can be prose or poetry. Many take the form of an urban eulogy (variously referred to as an encomium urbis, laudes urbium, encomium civis, laus civis, laudes civitatum; or in English: urban or city encomium, panegyric, laudation or praise poem) which praise their subject. Laments to a city's past glories are sometimes also included in the genre. Descriptiones often mix topographical information with abstract material on the spiritual and legal aspects of the town or city, and with social observations on its inhabitants. They generally give a more extended treatment of their urban subject than is found in an encyclopedia or general geographical work. Influential examples include Benedict's Mirabilia Urbis Romae of around 1143.The Greek rhetorician Dionysius of Halicarnassus, in the first century AD, was the first to prescribe the form of a eulogy to a city in detail. Features he touches on include the city's location, size and beauty; the qualities of its river; its temples and secular buildings; its origin and founder, and the acts of its citizens. The Roman rhetorician Quintilian expounds on the form later in the first century, stressing praise of the city's founder and prominent citizens, as well as the city's site and location, fortifications and public works such as temples. The third-century rhetorician Menander expands on the guidelines further, including advice on how to turn a city's bad points into advantages. These works were probably not directly available to medieval writers, but the form is outlined in many later grammar primers, including those by Donatus and Priscian. Priscian's Praeexercitamina, a translation into Latin of a Greek work by Hermogenes, was a particular influence on medieval authors.Surviving late Roman examples of descriptiones include Ausonius's Ordo Nobilium Urbium, a fourth-century Latin poem that briefly describes thirteen cities including Milan and Bordeaux. Rutilius Namatianus's De reditu suo is a longer poem dating from the early fifth century that includes a section praising Rome.Numerous medieval examples have survived, mainly but not exclusively in Latin, the earliest dating from the eighth century. They adapt the classical form to Christian theology. The form was popularised by widely circulated guidebooks intended for pilgrims. Common topics include the city walls and gates, markets, churches and local saints; descriptiones were sometimes written as a preface to the biography of a saint. The earliest examples are in verse. The first known prose example was written in around the tenth century, and later medieval examples were more often written in prose. Milan and Rome are the most frequent subjects, and there are also examples describing many other Italian cities. Outside Italy, pre-1400 examples are known for Chester, Durham, London, York and perhaps Bath in England, Newborough in Wales, and Angers, Paris and Senlis in France.  The form spread to Germany in the first half of the 15th century, with Nuremberg being the most commonly described city.J. K. Hyde, who surveyed the genre in 1966, considers the evolution of descriptiones written before 1400 to reflect ""the growth of cities and the rising culture and self-confidence of the citizens"", rather than any literary progression. Later medieval examples tend to be more detailed and less generic than early ones, and to place an increasing emphasis on secular over religious aspects. For example, Bonvesin della Riva's 1288 description of Milan, De Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani, contains a wealth of detailed facts and statistics about such matters as local crops. These trends were continued in Renaissance descriptiones, which flourished from the early years of the 15th century, especially after the popularisation of the printing press from the middle of that century."
Los Cabos Magazine,"Los Cabos Magazine is a Mexican lifestyle and tourism magazine with a special reference to Los Cabos. The magazine was founded in 1993. From 2007 it is published on a quarterly basis.The magazine is published in English and provides information about Los Cabos targeting tourists as well as local residents. Its headquarters is in Cabo San Lucas. It also has offices in San Diego, United States."
Metropolis (free magazine),"Metropolis is a 32-to-48-page free monthly city guide, news and classified ads glossy magazine published by Japan Partnership Inc. targeting the English-speaking community in Tokyo, Japan. As of April 2011, its circulation was claimed to be 30,000."
Milwaukee Magazine,"Milwaukee Magazine is a monthly city magazine serving the Milwaukee metropolitan area in Wisconsin, United States. It bills itself as ""Southeastern Wisconsin's most authoritative source for Events and Dining,"" and reports a readership of 200,000."
Monuments of Athens,"Monuments of Athens (Greek: Μνημεία Αθηνών) is a book first published in 1924 by the Greek archaeologist Alexander Philadelpheus. It consists of an illustrated guide to the city of Athens, its museums and sites of interest expanding throughout the ancient Greek history and monuments of the city up to the ""modern"" times of the original author.
The book has been continuously republished and sold-out by the son and grandson of Alexander Philadelpheus, its latest edition being brought to sight in May 2004."
New York (Morand book),"New York is a 1930 travel book by the French writer Paul Morand. Morand visited New York four times between 1925 and 1929 and shares his experiences from those trips, with a non-native reader in mind. An English translation by Hamish Miles was published in 1930."
L'Officiel des spectacles,L'Officiel des spectacles is a weekly cultural guide to Paris founded by Jean-Philippe Richemond in 1946. Its purpose is to list every cultural event in Paris and  Île-de-France.
Paris Passion,"Paris Passion, also known as Passion, was an English-language city magazine in France that existed from 1981 to 1991. Its main editorial focus was on life in Paris for both residents and visitors. Launched on a shoestring budget as a 24-page black-and-white tabloid, Passion eventually evolved into a glossy 140-page magazine.
Passion was conceived as a forum for the written word and to showcase the visual side of Paris. It regularly published excellent photography and benefited from the pool of creative illustrators in Paris. The magazine's use of strong eye-catching visuals on its large format covers was an influential part of its identity."
The Petit Paumé,"The Petit Paumé is a student association of EMLYON Business School created in 1968, which name comes from Jacques Brel's popular song Les Paumés du petit matin (1962).
The Petit Paumé's aim is to design and to distribute a critical and free guide of the city of Lyon. Thus, the association tests all the city restaurants, bars and shops that it wishes to mention in its annual guide.
Each of its members (about 30) is both a tester and a writer. They print about 300,000 copies of the guidebook per year.
The Petit Paumé publishes a paper version of the guide, a weekly newsletter sent by e-mail, an app for Android and iOS."
Philadelphia (magazine),"Philadelphia (also called ""Philadelphia magazine"" or referred to by the nickname ""Phillymag"", once called Greater Philadelphia) is a regional monthly magazine published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by the Lipson family of Philadelphia and its company, Metrocorp."
Philadelphia Style,"Philadelphia Style is a magazine pertaining to fashion, beauty, travel, philanthropy, entertainment, home décor, architecture, and real estate to readers in the metropolitan Philadelphia region. It is a guide to the business, people, places, and events that define the character of this historic and culturally rich city."
Pittsburgh Magazine,"Pittsburgh Magazine is a lifestyle magazine covering the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. It hosts an annual ""40 Under 40"" featuring prominent young Pittsburghers. It's known for listicles including Pittsburgh's 25 Best Restaurants, Best of the 'Burgh, Top Doctors, Top Dentists and annual City Guide. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA)."
Portland Monthly,"Portland Monthly (also referred to as Portland Monthly Magazine) is a monthly news and general interest magazine which covers food, politics, business, design, events and culture in Portland, Oregon. The magazine was co-founded in 2003 by siblings Nicole and Scott Vogel. Nicole had previously worked for Cendant Corporation and Time Warner, and Scott had been a journalist at The New York Times. Though the magazine had some trouble with funding in its first year, it grew to a stable circulation of 56,000 and by 2006 was the seventh-largest city magazine in the United States.
The magazine's editor in 2018 was Kelly Clarke. The Portland Monthly has received generally positive reception in other new publications, including a mixed review of the magazine's first issue in The Columbian, and subsequent positive reviews in The Oregonian and The Seattle Times. Rachel Dresbeck wrote favorably of the magazine in her 2007 book Insiders' Guide to Portland, Oregon."
Sactown Magazine,"Sactown Magazine is a bimonthly publication reporting on the cultural offerings of Sacramento, California. It began publication in December 2006. The magazine was founded by journalists Rob Turner and Elyssa Lee."
Șapte Seri,"Şapte Seri (""Seven Evenings"") is a free leaflet-sized weekly magazine about goings-on in Bucharest, Romania. It is written largely in Romanian with some English."
Saturday Night Magazine (U.S.),"Saturday Night Magazine was a lifestyle and entertainment magazine created in 2003 at the University of Southern California by publisher and founder Michael Ritter.  Saturday Night Magazine targeted a readership of 18- to 29-year-olds through editorial coverage that includes: celebrities, fashion, sports, politics, music, technology, travel, careers, movies, video games, and comedy. The median age of its readers was 23. Covers featured celebrities and public figures such as: Katy Perry, Shenae Grimes, DJ AM, Emma Stone, Amber Heard, Sophia Bush, Rachel Bilson, Scarlett Johansson, Kristen Bell, Katie Couric, Audrina Patridge, Heidi Montag and Malin Åkerman. It was found on college campuses in Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, Phoenix and Tucson, as well as at many off-campus retail locations. In November 2008, Saturday Night Magazine celebrated its 40th issue. In 2010 the magazine ended publication.

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Seattle Metropolitan,"Seattle Metropolitan, or Seattle Met, is a monthly city magazine covering Seattle, Washington. Its first issue was published in March 2006, and features reporting and feature articles on Seattle events, politics, people, dining and restaurants, popular places, and attractions."
Siegessäule (magazine),"Siegessäule is Berlin's most widely distributed queer magazine and has been published monthly, except for two brief hiatuses, since April 1984. Originally only available in West Berlin, it ran with the subtitle ""Berlin's monthly page for Gays"". In 1996, it was broadened to include lesbian content, and in 2005 it was expanded to reach a wider queer target base, becoming the only magazine of its scale in Europe to represent the full spectrum of the LGBT community. The magazine is available for free at around 700 locations in Berlin, printing 53.688 copies per month (verified third quarter 2016). Since March-issue 2013, it has been overseen by chief editor Jan Noll."
Spotted by Locals,"Spotted by Locals is a publisher of a series of travel guides (apps & blogs) with up to date tips curated by handpicked locals in 80+ cities in Europe, The Middle East and North America.
The city guides are curated by ""Spotters"" - people who live in the city they write about and speak the local language. All Spotters are selected by founders Sanne & Bart van Poll.
Spotted by Locals provides recommendations submitted by actual local residents on where to eat, shop, be entertained and more. The city guide is aimed at travelers who want to avoid tourist highlights and experience cities like a local.Spotted by Locals has created content for publications such as The Guardian Sueddeutsche Zeitung, The Independent, De Volkskrant, Kathimerini and commercial content licensing partners like Volkswagen.Every 2 years, Spotted by Locals organizes a weekend for its bloggers.

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That's Beijing,"That's Beijing is a monthly English language magazine, distributed throughout Beijing, with a focus on news, current events, culture, art, music, fashion, nightlife and dining in Beijing. It is owned by Shanghai-based publishing group, Urbanatomy Media, who also own, That's Shanghai and that's PRD (covering the Pearl River Delta). The China ""That's"" brand was started by Mark Kitto in 1998."
This Salzburg,This Salzburg is a guide book for people visiting Salzburg. It contains text by Count Ferdinand Czernin von und zu Chudenitz and drawings by Count Eugen Ledebur.
Time Out (magazine),"Time Out is a global magazine published by Time Out Group. Time Out started as a London-only publication in 1968 and has expanded its editorial recommendations to 333 cities in 59 countries worldwide.In 2012, the London edition became a free publication, with a weekly readership of over 307,000. Time Out's global market presence includes partnerships with Nokia and mobile apps for iOS and Android operating systems. It was the recipient of the International Consumer Magazine of the Year award in both 2010 and 2011 and the renamed International Consumer Media Brand of the Year in 2013 and 2014."
Tokyo Journal,"Tokyo Journal is an English-language quarterly magazine about Tokyo and Japan, which was established in 1981."
Tokyo Weekender,"Tokyo Weekender magazine is the oldest English publication in Japan.
Founded in 1970 by Corky Alexander and Susan Scully, Tokyo Weekender was first published bi-monthly. Now Tokyo Weekender is published monthly and is distributed in embassies, luxury hotels, shops, stations and airports."
Venue (magazine),"Venue was the listings magazine for the Bristol and Bath areas of the UK. It was founded in 1982 by journalists who had been working for another Bristol magazine, Out West, which had been consciously modelled on London's Time Out magazine.
Originally published fortnightly, Venue gained a reputation for the quality and authority of its coverage of the local arts and entertainments scene. It played a leading part in re-establishing Ashton Court Festival and was an early champion of the Bristol Sound in the early 1990s. It continued to play a significant role in nurturing and promoting local art, theatre, film and music until its closure in April 2012. Venue's last editor was the playwright Tom Wainwright.Venue also had a reputation for investigative reporting of local issues, including health, policing, local politics and environmental matters. Venue also featured humour and satire which many found attractive, but which was occasionally criticised as puerile. Stand-up comedian Mark Watson and comedy scriptwriter Stephen Merchant both worked for Venue when they were younger. Author and reviewer Kim Newman contributed regularly. Another author, Eugene Byrne, one of the magazine's founders, remained involved with it as Consulting Editor until the magazine ceased publication.In 2000 the company was sold to Bristol United Press (BUP), the company which runs the Bristol Evening Post and Western Daily Press newspapers. BUP in turn was owned by the Northcliffe Newspaper Group, part of the Daily Mail & General Trust group. The takeover by BUP was controversial with many readers, advertisers and staff, particularly because the conservative political outlook of the Daily Mail was very different from that of Venue.

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View Magazine,"VIEW is a free magazine located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It was first published on January 5, 1995. VIEW  covered news, culture, arts and entertainment."
The Wellington Guide,"The Wellington Guide was a Wellington, New Zealand-based lifestyle magazine.  It had an Auckland edition, The Auckland Guide. The magazine ceased publication in 2011."
Where (magazine),"Where is a series of magazines for tourists, distributed at hotels, convention centres, regional malls and other tourist areas."
Zip2,"Zip2 Corp. was a company that provided and licensed online city guide software to newspapers. The company was founded in Palo Alto, California as Global Link Information Network, Inc. on November 9, 1995, by Greg Kouri and brothers Elon and Kimbal Musk. Initially, Global Link provided local businesses with an Internet presence,: 61  but later began to assist newspapers in designing online city guides before being purchased by Compaq Computer in 1999."
British Columbia Magazine,"British Columbia Magazine is a geographic and travel magazine in British Columbia. Its coverage includes travel, outdoor recreation, geography, wildlife, conservation, people, science and natural phenomena, First Nations culture, heritage places, and history within the province, with a tradition of extensive use of photography. Founded in 1959 as Beautiful British Columbia magazine, the publication is currently owned by OP Media Group."
EnRoute (magazine),"enRoute is the in-flight magazine and entertainment system of Air Canada. All content in the print magazine, as well as the website, is published in both French and English by Spafax. The magazine has offices in both Montreal, Quebec. and Toronto, Ontario."
Out in Canada,"Out In Canada is a travel magazine focused on gay and lesbian tourism, also known as LGBT tourism, exclusively within Canada. The magazine is printed twice yearly, and is distributed free in gay villages across North America.
Out In Canada is edited by Randall Shirley and owned by Out in Canada Inc., a Toronto-based company founded by lawyer and journalist Glenn Wheeler and group of other investors in 2006. Wheeler, who is also publisher of the magazine and website, was associate editor of the Toronto-based urban weekly NOW before becoming a lawyer.
In 2007, journalist Margaret Webb received a Northern Lights Award (one of only 13 annually) for her Out In Canada lesbian travel story about ice wines and travel in Canada's Niagara Region, presented by the Canadian Tourism Commission."
Outpost Magazine,"Outpost Magazine is a Canadian adventure-travel publication based out of Toronto, Ontario. Published six times a year, it is known for its longform adventure narratives from across the world, often with a Canadian perspective."
Where (magazine),"Where is a series of magazines for tourists, distributed at hotels, convention centres, regional malls and other tourist areas."
Tourism minister,"The Minister of Tourism is the head of the governmental department that specializes in tourism, recreation and/or culture.
The position exists in many different countries under several names:

Ministry of Tourism and Environment (Albania)
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Argentina)
Minister for Tourism (Australia)
Minister for Tourism, Major Events, Hospitality and Racing (New South Wales)
Minister for Tourism (Western Australia)
Ministry of Tourism (Brazil)
Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism (Brunei)
Bahamas Ministry of Tourism
Minister of Tourism (Canada)
Ministry of Tourism and Recreation (Ontario) (former ministry)
Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Ontario)
Ministry of Tourism (Croatia)
Minister of Tourism (France)
Minister of Tourism (Greece)
Commissioner for Tourism (Hong Kong)
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Iceland)
Ministry of Tourism (India)
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Indonesia)
Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism (Iran)
Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (Ireland)
Ministry of Tourism (Lebanon)
Minister of Tourism (Malaysia)
Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar)
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan)
Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Tourism (Peru)
Department of Tourism (Philippines)
Tourism Minister of Israel
Ministry of Tourism (Mauritius)
Minister of Tourism (New Zealand)
Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan)
Department of Tourism (South Africa)
Ministry of Tourism (Syria)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (Tanzania)
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand)
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)
Minister for Tourism and Heritage (United Kingdom)
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism (United Kingdom)
United States Department of Commerce
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)
Ministry of Tourism and Arts (Zambia)
Ministry of Tourism (Zimbabwe)"
Ministry of Tourism and Environment (Albania),"The Ministry of Tourism and Environment (Albanian: Ministria e Turizmit dhe Mjedisit) is a department of the Albanian Government in charge of regulation concerning the environment, the sustainable use of natural resources, promotion of renewable resources, protection of nature and biodiversity, sustainable development and management of forestry and pastures, and the quality monitoring of water resources."
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Argentina),"The Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Spanish: Ministerio de Turismo y Deportes; MTyD) of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power that oversees and advises on Argentina's national tourism industry and the Argentine state's sports policy.
The current minister responsible is Matías Lammens, who has served since 10 December 2019 in the cabinet of President Alberto Fernández."
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia),"The Minister for Foreign Affairs (commonly shortened to Foreign Minister) is the minister in the Government of Australia who is responsible for overseeing the international diplomacy section of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Senator Penny Wong was appointed as Foreign Minister in the ministry led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in May 2022 following the 2022 Australian federal election. As the first female foreign minister from the Australian Labor Party, Wong also became the third female foreign minister in a row, following Julie Bishop and Marise Payne. The Foreign Minister is one of two cabinet-level portfolio ministers under the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the other being the Minister for Trade and Tourism Senator Don Farrell.
Several subordinate positions include the Minister for International Development and the Pacific, currently held by Pat Conroy, and the Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs, currently held by Tim Watts."
"Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism","In Austrian politics, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism (German: Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus or BMLRT, although often called Nachhaltigkeitsministerium)
is the ministry in charge of agricultural policy, forestry, hunting, fishing, viticulture and wine law, postal and telecommunications services, mining, animal welfare, and the tourism industry.
The Ministry was first created in 2000 through a merger of the Ministry of Agriculture (Landwirtschaftsministerium) and the Ministry of Environment (Umweltministerium); it gained responsibility for the energy sector, mining, and tourism under the first Kurz cabinet in 2018.The current Minister of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism is Elisabeth Köstinger.

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Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan),The Ministry of Culture of Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Mədəniyyət Nazirliyi) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulation of the activities and promotion of Azerbaijani culture. The ministry is headed by Anar Karimov.
Bahamas Ministry of Tourism and Aviation,"The Bahamas Ministry of Tourism, Investment and Aviation is a government agency of The Bahamas. Its head office is at the Bolam House in Nassau. The agency has other offices in New Providence."
Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism,"The Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism (Bengali: বেসামরিক বিমান পরিবহন ও পর্যটন মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Bēsāmarika bimāna paribahana ō paryaṭana mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for development and regulation of civil aviation and the regulation of the Bangladeshi tourism industry and the promotion of the Bangladesh as a tourist destination."
Ministry of Tourism (Brazil),"The Ministry of Tourism (Portuguese: Ministério do Turismo) is a cabinet-level federal ministry created on January 1, 2003. It is responsible for Embratur, the Brazilian Tourist Board.
Developing tourism as a sustainable economic activity with a relevant role for the generation of jobs and foreign currency and providing social inclusion. The Ministry of Tourism is innovating in the handling of public policies with a decentralized management model, guided by strategic thinking.
Its organizational structure comprises the National Secretariat of Tourism Policies, which assumes the role of carrying out the national policy for the sector, oriented by the directives from the national Council of Tourism. In addition, it is responsible for the internal promotion and oversees the quality of the provision of the Brazilian tourism service.
The National Secretariat of Programs for the Development of Tourism is responsible for subsidizing the formulation of plans, programs and actions for the strengthening of national tourism. The duties of the body are the promotion and development of infrastructure and the improvement in the quality of the services rendered.
EMBRATUR – Brazilian Tourism Institute, established on November 18, 1966, as a Brazilian tourism enterprise, had the objective of fostering tourism activity by making feasible conditions for the generation of jobs, income and development throughout the country.
Since January 2003, upon the establishment of the Ministry of Tourism, EMBRATUR's actions were concentrated in the promotion, marketing and support to the trading of products, services and tourism destinations."
Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism,"The Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism (MPRT; Malay: Kementerian Sumber-Sumber Utama dan Pelancongan, KSSUP) is a cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which oversees agriculture, fishing, forestry and tourism in the country. It is currently led by a minister and the incumbent is Abdul Manaf Metussin, who took office since 7 June 2022. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan."
Ministry of Tourism (Cambodia),The Ministry of Tourism (Khmer: ក្រសួងទេសចរណ៍; Krasuong Tesachar) is a government ministry of Cambodia.The current Minister of Tourism is Dr. Thong Khon.
"Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism (Chile)","The Ministry for the Economy, Development, and Tourism (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo de Chile) is a Chilean state ministry in charge of planning and executing the flow of policies and projects of the Chilean government. The ministry aims to generate feasible and sustainable economic development, with stable progressive equality in the allocation of economic interests. The current Minister of Economy, Development, and Tourism is Nicolás Grau."
Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China,"The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Chinese: 中华人民共和国文化和旅游部; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Wénhuà hé lǚyóubù) is a ministry responsible for formulating cultural and tourism policies of Mainland China. Its headquarters are in Chaoyang District, Beijing. It was formed on 19 March 2018; its predecessors were the Ministry of Culture and China National Tourism Administration."
"Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (Colombia)","The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (Spanish: Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo) or MCIT, is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia concerned with promoting economic growth though trade, tourism and industrial growth."
Ministry of State Property (Croatia),The Ministry of State Property of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Ministarstvo državne imovine Republike Hrvatske) was the ministry in the government of Croatia responsible for state property management.
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Croatia),The Ministry of Tourism and Sports of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Ministarstvo turizma i sporta) is the ministry in the Government of Croatia which is in charge of the development of tourism.
"Department for Culture, Media and Sport","The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is a department of His Majesty's Government, with responsibility for culture and sport in England, and some aspects of the media throughout the UK, such as broadcasting.
It also has responsibility for the tourism, leisure and creative industries (some joint with Department for Business and Trade). The department was also responsible for the delivery of the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. The department also had responsibility for the building of a digital economy and the internet from 2017 to 2023.
From 2017 until the 2023 British cabinet reshuffle, the department was known as Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport."
Department of Tourism and Leisure,The Department of Tourism and Leisure (Manx: Rheynn Turrysid as Soccar) was a department of the Isle of Man Government.
"Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry (East Timor)","The Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry (MTCI; Portuguese: Ministério do Turismo, Comércio e Indústria, Tetum: Ministériu Turizmu, Komérsiu no Indústria) is the government department of East Timor accountable for tourism, trade, industry and related matters."
Ministry of Tourism (Egypt),"The Ministry of Tourism of Egypt was a part of the Cabinet of Egypt and was responsible for tourism in Egypt. On 14 January 2018, Rania Al-Mashat was appointed Minister of Tourism until December 2019. The Ministry of Tourism then merged with the Ministry of Antiquities with The Minister of Antiquities, Khaled al-Anani becoming the minister of the merged ministry: Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. 
The actual minister of Tourism and Antiquities is Ahmed Issa, from 13 August 2022."
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Egypt),The Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities is the Egyptian government organization which serves to protect and preserve the heritage and ancient history of Egypt. In December 2019 it was merged into the Ministry of Tourism with Khaled al-Anani retaining his function.
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Ethiopia),"The Ethiopian Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Amharic: የባህልና ቱሪዝም ሚኒስቴር) is the ministry of the government of Ethiopia responsible for researching, preserving, developing, and promoting the culture and tourist attractions of Ethiopia and its peoples, both inside the country and internationally. In doing so the Ministry closely works together with different national and international stakeholders."
"Ministry of Tourism, Arts & Culture Ghana","The Ministry of Tourism, Arts & Culture (MoTAC) Ghana is the government ministry responsible for the development and promotion of tourism-related activities in the country."
Ministry of Tourism (Greece),"The Ministry of Tourism (Greek: Υπουργείo Τουρισμού) is the government department in charge of tourism in Greece. Established in 1989 and known between 2004 and 2009 as the Ministry of Touristic Development (Υπουργείο Τουριστικής Ανάπτυξης), it was merged with the Ministry of Culture in October 2009 but re-established as a separate department in June 2012. It was subsequently subsumed under the Ministry of the Economy, Infrastructure, Shipping and Tourism between January and September 2015 and the restructured Ministry of the Economy, Development and Tourism in September 2015, before being restored as a distinct ministry on 5 November 2016. The incumbent minister is Vasilis Kikilias of New Democracy."
"Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism (Iceland)","The Icelandic Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism (Icelandic: Iðnaðarráðuneytið) is one of the cabinet-level government ministries responsible for Iceland's economy. It shares that responsibility with the Ministry of Business Affairs (responsible for banking and trade) and the Ministry of Fisheries (fishing making up some 40% of Iceland's exports). Since 2009, the responsible minister is Katrín Júlíusdóttir of the Social Democratic Alliance."
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy,The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Tourism and Creative Economy Agency (Indonesian: Kementerian  Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif/Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif) (abbreviated Kemenparekraf/Baparekraf) is the ministry in Indonesia concerned with administration of tourism and the creative economy.
"Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism","The Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Iran (Persian: وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, Vâzart-e Miras-e Ferhengi-ye, Gârdâshigâri-ye vâ Sânai'-ye Dâsti-ye Iran) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is administered and funded by the Government of Iran. It was first established in 1985 by legislation from the Majlis merging 11 research and cultural organizations.  In 2019, the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) was transferred into the Ministry.  The current Minister is Ezzatollah Zarghami, being appointed 25 August 2021 by Ebrahim Raisi.
It publishes and oversees the publication of many journals and books, and carries out projects in conjunction with foreign museums and academia. It is similar in scope and activity to the Smithsonian Institution."
"Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (Northern Ireland)",
"Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media","The Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (Irish: An Roinn Turasóireachta, Cultúir, Ealaíon, Gaeltachta, Spóirt agus Meán) is a department of the Government of Ireland. The mission of the department is to promote and develop Ireland's tourism, culture, and art; and to advance the use of the Irish language, including the development of the Gaeltacht. It is led by the Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media."
Ministry of Tourism (Israel),"The Ministry of Tourism (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הַתַּיָּרוּת, romanized: Misrad HaTayarut) is the Israeli government office responsible for tourism. The office was created in 1964, with Akiva Govrin being the first minister, but was appended to the Trade and Industry Ministry between 1977 and 1981. The logo for the Ministry depicts the Biblical Spies carrying fruit back from touring the Holy Land."
"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism","The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通省, Kokudo-kōtsū-shō), abbreviated MLIT, is a ministry of the Japanese government. It is responsible for one-third of all the laws and orders in Japan, and is the largest Japanese ministry in terms of employees, as well as the second-largest executive agency of the Japanese government after the Ministry of Defense. The ministry oversees four external agencies including the Japan Coast Guard and the Japan Tourism Agency."
"Ministry of Information, Communications, Transport and Tourism Development","The Ministry of Information, Communications, Transport and Tourism Development (MICTTD) is a government ministry of Kiribati, headquartered in Betio, South Tarawa."
"Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism","The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) is a central government agency responsible for the areas of tourism, culture, art, religion, and sports. It has two vice ministers, three assistant ministers, one commission, and over 60 divisions.  The first Minister of Culture was novelist Lee O-young.Subsidiary entities such as the National Museum, the National Theater, and the National Library are under the Ministry.
The headquarters are located in the Sejong Government Complex in Sejong City. The headquarters were previously in Jongno District, Seoul."
National Tourism Administration (Laos),"The Lao National Tourism Administration (LNTA) is the government agency responsible for managing, promoting, and developing the tourism industry of Laos. The LNTA is a ministry-level agency, reporting directly to the prime minister's office.As of 2008, the chairman of the LNTA was Somphong Mongkhonvilay. LNTA's headquarters is in Vientiane."
Ministry of Tourism (Lebanon),The Ministry of Tourism (Arabic: وزارة السياحة) is a government ministry of Lebanon.  It originates from the Lebanon Tourism Service created in the 1930s as part of the Ministry of National Economy.
"Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture","The Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (Malay: Kementerian Pelancongan, Seni dan Budaya)  is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for tourism, culture, archives, library, museum, heritage, arts, theatre, handicraft, visual arts, convention, exhibitions, Islamic tourism and craft.
The Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture administers his functions through the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture and a range of other government agencies. In the Anwar Ibrahim cabinet, the ministry was renamed to Ministry of Tourism with the removal of arts and culture portfolios from the name.
Its headquarters is in Putrajaya."
Ministry of Tourism (Mauritius),
Secretariat of Tourism (Mexico),"The Mexican Secretary of Tourism (Spanish: Secretaría de Turismo, SECTUR) is the government department in charge of the nation's tourism promotion and development. The Secretary is appointed by the President of the Republic and is  a member of the federal executive cabinet.
The department conducts the development policy for national tourist activity and promotes tourist development zones in conjunction with the states."
"Ministry of Tourism, Air Transport, Craft & Social Economy (Morocco)","The Ministry of Tourism, Handicrafts and Social and Solidarity Economy is the Moroccan ministry in charge of the preparation and implementation national strategies with regards to tourism, the supervision and support of tourism and handicraft professionals, and the development of air transport as an important part of tourism. It also supervises various organizations and institutions specialized in vocational training and qualification in the tourism and hospitality industry."
Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar),The Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Burmese: ဟိုတယ်နှင့် ခရီးသွားလာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန) is a ministry in the Burmese government responsible for the country's tourism sector.
Ministry of Environment and Tourism (Namibia),"The Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism (MEFT) is a government ministry of Namibia, with headquarters in Windhoek. It was created at Namibian independence in 1990 as Ministry of Wildlife, Conservation and Tourism. The first Namibian environment and tourism minister was Niko Bessinger, the current minister is Pohamba Shifeta."
"Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (Nepal)","The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (MoCTCA) is the governmental body for promoting tourism, culture and private sector involvement in Nepal. It also serves as the Nepalese aviation regulatory body. The ministry is located in Singha Durbar, Kathmandu."
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy,"The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Dutch: Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat; EZK) is the Netherlands' ministry responsible for international trade, commercial, industrial, investment, technology, energy, nuclear, renewable energy, environmental, climate change, natural resource, mining, space policy, as well as tourism.
The Ministry was created in 1905 as the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce and has had several name changes before it became the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 1946. In 2010 the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality was merged with the Ministry of Economic Affairs, which was renamed as the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation. In 2012 the name was reverted as the Ministry of Economic Affairs but kept the responsibilities of the former Ministry of Agriculture. In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality was reinstated but the Ministry of Economic Affairs took on several of the environmental policies portfolios from the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, which was renamed Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. The Ministry of Economic Affairs was renamed Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy.
The Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Dutch: Minister van Economische Zaken en Klimaat) is the head of the Ministry and a member of the Cabinet of the Netherlands. The current Minister is Micky Adriaansens of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) who has been in office since 10 January 2022."
Northern Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism,The Northern Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism is the department of the Government of the Northern Cape responsible for economic development and economic planning as well as promoting and developing tourism within the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The MEC of the department is Abraham Vosloo.
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan),The Ministry of Tourism was a ministry of the Government of Pakistan. It was established to develop the tourism industry in Pakistan. It was abolished after the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed. Its main objectives and functions were largely transferred to the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC).
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Palestine),"The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in Palestine is a governmental body responsible for the development and management of the tourism sector in Palestine, as well as the preservation and protection of the country's cultural heritage and antiquities. Rula Maayah is the current minister.Established in 1994, the ministry's main goal is to promote Palestine as a unique and attractive tourism destination, with a focus on cultural and historical tourism. The ministry works towards achieving this goal by developing and implementing policies, strategies, and programs that support the growth of the tourism industry in Palestine, while also ensuring the preservation of the country's cultural heritage sites.The ministry's main activities include the identification, protection, and restoration of historic sites and buildings, as well as the development of cultural and heritage tourism products and services. The ministry also provides support and guidance to local communities and businesses involved in the tourism industry.Additionally, the ministry is responsible for regulating and licensing tour operators, travel agencies, and other tourism-related businesses in Palestine, as well as providing training and educational programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of the tourism workforce."
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (Peru),"The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism of Peru or MINCETUR is the ministry in charge of issues pertaining to foreign trade of the Government of Peru and the promotion of Tourism in Peru. As of 17 July 2023, the minister of foreign trade and tourism is Angelica Graciela Matsuda Matayoshi."
Department of Tourism (Philippines),"The Department of Tourism (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Turismo, DOT) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the regulation of the Philippine tourism industry and the promotion of the Philippines as a tourist destination."
Ministry of Sport and Tourism (Poland),"Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Republic of Poland was created on August 23, 2005 by decision of the Council of Ministers under then-Prime Minister Marek Belka.
It was renamed on July 23, 2007 when tourism was placed under ministry authority.
Ministry goals:

Overseeing sport clubs
Matters related to sport
Matters related to tourismState-controlled Polska Konfederacja Sportu (Polish Sport Union) became integral part of the ministry."
Ministry of Tourism (Quebec),"The Ministry of Tourism (in French: Ministère du Tourisme) is a Ministry of the Government of Quebec responsible for promoting tourism to the province of Quebec.
The current minister is Caroline Proulx."
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration,"The Ministry for Development, Public Works and Administration of Romania (Romanian: Ministerul Dezvoltării, Lucrărilor Publice și Administrației) is an institution of the Romanian central public administration, subordinated to the Government of Romania. The Ministry was created on December 22, 2012 by the restructuring of the former Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism (2009-2010) and by taking over the public administration structures and the institutions specialized in this area from the Ministry of Interior Affairs, under the Emergency Ordinance no.96 of 22 December 2012."
Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism,"The Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a government ministry of Rivers State, Nigeria entrusted with the formulation and implementation of policies to promote culture and tourism with a view to stimulating economic growth in the state. The ministry's mandate is to ""Put in place programmes and events that attract international, national and local tourists."""
Ministry of Tourism (Saudi Arabia),"The Ministry of Tourism (MoT; Arabic: وزارة السياحة, romanized: Wizārah al-Sīāḥah), before 2020 as the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH), till 2015 as the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities (SCTA) and prior to 2008 as the Supreme Commission for Tourism (SCT), is a government ministry in Saudi Arabia that is concerned with the tourism sector of the country. Established in the year 2000 through a royal decree by King Fahd, it was transformed into a ministry in 2020."
Saudi Tourism Authority,"The Saudi Tourism Authority (STA) (Arabic: الهيئة السعودية للسياحة, romanized: al-Haīʾiah as-Saʿūdīyah as-Sīāḥah) is an organ of Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Tourism that is concerned with promoting travel and tourism industry of the country. Established in March 2020 by King Salman against the backdrop of the surging COVID-19 pandemic, it is the official promoter of the Visit Saudi program and supervises tourism-related marketing campaigns domestically and internationally."
"Minister for Business, Trade, Tourism and Enterprise","The Minister for Business, Trade, Tourism and Enterprise (Scottish Gaelic: Ministear airson Gnothachas, Malairt, Turasachd agus Iomairt) is a Junior ministerial post in the Scottish Government. As a result, the Minister does not attend the Scottish Cabinet. The post was retitled in June 2018: the Minister supports the Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Economy and Fair Work and the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills, both of whom are members of cabinet."
Ministry of Tourism (Senegal),"Ministry of Tourism (French: Ministère du Tourisme du Sénégal), also known as the Ministry of Tourism and Air Transport (French: Ministère du Tourisme et des Transports Aériens de la République du Sénégal), is a government ministry of Senegal. Its head office is on the 8th floor of the Immeuble Y2 Cité Keur Goorgui in Dakar.As of 2019, the minister is Mame Mbaye NIANG."
Ministry of Internal and Foreign Trade (Serbia),"The Ministry of Internal and Foreign Trade of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Министарство унутрашње и спољне трговине, romanized: Ministarstvo unutrašnje i spoljne trgovine) is the ministry in the Government of Serbia which is in the charge of internal and foreign trade. The current minister is Tomislav Momirović of the Serbian Progressive Party."
Department of Tourism (South Africa),"The Department of Tourism is one of the departments of the South African government. It is responsible for promoting and developing tourism, both from other countries to South Africa, and within South Africa..
The current political head of the department is the Minister of Tourism, Patricia de Lille who replaced Lindiwe Sisulu in 2023. In her capacity as Minister of Tourism she is responsible for South African Tourism, is the official national marketing agency of the South African government, with the goal of promoting Tourism in South Africa both locally and globally."
Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism,"The Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism is a ministry of the Government of South Sudan. The incumbent minister is Rizig Zackaria Hassen, no deputy minister was name.[1]"
"Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda","The Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda (MINETAD) was a department of the Government of Spain which existed between 2016 and 2018 responsible for the proposal and execution of the government policy on energy, tourism, telecoms, information society and Digital Agenda.The Ministry was created for the first time in late 2016 assuming the powers of the Industry Ministry on energy, tourism and telecoms. However, it was dissolved in 2018 after the motion of no confidence against Rajoy's Second Government and its competences were distributed between three ministries: the Ministry for the Ecological Transition, the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism and the Ministry of Economy and Enterprise."
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism,"The Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism is the government ministry of Tanzania that is responsible for the management of natural resources and cultural resources and for the development of the tourism industry.  It has a wide range of investments in various tourist resources and tourism industry projects.  Ministry offices are located in Dodoma. Dr. Damas Ndumbaro is the new Tourism Minister of Tanzania.The Ministry's motto is ""Tanzania Unforgettable
"".

"
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand),"The Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Abrv: MOTS; Thai: กระทรวงการท่องเที่ยวและกีฬา, RTGS: Krasuang Kan Thongthiao Lae Kila) is a cabinet ministry in the Government of Thailand. The ministry's primary areas of responsibility are tourism and sports. The ministry is in charge of managing the tourist industry and sports both in schools and other institutions. The ministry organizes and directs Thailand's important sporting events. Its FY2019 budget is 6,413.9 million baht.As of October 2019, the Minister of Tourism and Sports is Phiphat Ratchakitprakarn."
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey),"The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkish: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for culture and tourism affairs in Turkey. Revolving fund management of the ministry is carried by DÖSİMM. On January 25, 2013, Ömer Çelik was appointed as minister following a cabinet change succeeding Ertuğrul Günay, who was in office since 2008."
"Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (Uganda)","The Uganda Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA) is the cabinet-level ministry responsible for the promotion of tourism, the preservation and welfare of wildlife, and the preservation, improvement and safekeeping of natural and other national historic sites and monuments."
Ministry of Youth and Sports (Ukraine),"Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство молоді та спорту України) is a government of Ukraine ministry established on 6 June 1991 after reorganization of the Soviet State Committee of the Ukrainian SSR in affairs of youth and sports. As a ministerial government department, it exists with some breaks since 1991. It was reestablished again in 2013 by splitting away from the Ministry of Education and Science where it existed as its subdepartment in 2010–2013.
The Honcharuk Government (on 29 August 2019) merged the ministry with the Ministry of Culture. But its succeeding Shmyhal Government undid this merge. The Minister of Youth and sports is former Olympic champion fencer Vadim Gutzeit."
United States Department of Commerce,"The United States Department of Commerce (DOC) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government concerned with creating the conditions for economic growth and opportunity. Among its tasks are gathering economic and demographic data for business and government decision making, and helping to set industrial standards. Its main purpose is to create jobs, promote economic growth, encourage sustainable development and block harmful trade practices of other nations. It is headed by the Secretary of Commerce, who reports directly to the President of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet. The Department of Commerce is headquartered in the Herbert C. Hoover Building in Washington, D.C."
Ministry of Tourism (Uruguay),"The Ministry of Tourism of Uruguay (MINTUR) is a ministry of the Government of Uruguay that is responsible for guiding, stimulating, promoting, regulating, researching and controlling tourism and activities and services directly related to it. It is also responsible for generating the conditions for Tourism to be accessible, planning the development of training and training in this economic activity, and promoting the development of infrastructure and accessibility conditions. This department of government promotes in the tourist activity the approaches of gender, ethnic-racial, sexual diversity, disability.The Ministry is headquartered in the Rambla 25 De Agosto in Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo. The current Minister of Tourism is Tabaré Viera, who has held the position since August 23, 2021. Tourism is the second most important economic activity in the country, after livestock. The Ministry acts under the motto ""Uruguay Natural""."
Ministry of Tourism and Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Uzbekistan,"The Ministry of Tourism and Cultural heritage  of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Turizm va madaniy meros vazirligi) The Ministry of Tourism and Cultural Heritage was established by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev dated February 18, 2022."
"Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)","The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnamese: Bộ Văn hóa, Thể thao và Du lịch) is the government ministry in Vietnam responsible for state administration on culture, family, sports and tourism nationwide; in addition to the management of public services in those field. The ministry was founded in 2007 after the merger of the Committee of Physical Training and Sports of Vietnam, General Department of Tourism, and Culture section from the Ministry of Culture and Information."
Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism,"The Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism (EDAT) is the department of the Western Cape government responsible for economic policy, economic planning and economic development within the province. It is also liable for promoting and developing the provincial tourism sector.
As of May 2019, the political head of the department has been Provincial Minister David Maynier. He also oversees the Provincial Treasury. The non-political head is Solly Fourie."
Ministry of Tourism (Zambia),"The Ministry of Tourism is a ministry in Zambia. It is headed by the Minister of Tourism.
In 2002 the Ministry of Tourism was merged with the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources to form the Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources. However, Tourism was later merged into the Foreign Affairs ministry. In 2011 Tourism was split out from the Foreign ministry and merged with the Art portfolio to form the Ministry of Tourism and Arts. Arts was removed in 2021 and moved to the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Arts.
The ministry oversees several statutory bodies, including the Hotels Board of Management, the Hotels Managers Registration Council, the National Heritage Conservation Commission, the National Museum Board, the Zambia Institute for Tourism and Hospitality Studies and the Zambia Tourism Agency."
Ministry of Tourism (Zimbabwe),"The Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality Industry was a former government ministry, responsible for tourism in Zimbabwe, from 2017 to 2019."
Tourism minister,"The Minister of Tourism is the head of the governmental department that specializes in tourism, recreation and/or culture.
The position exists in many different countries under several names:

Ministry of Tourism and Environment (Albania)
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Argentina)
Minister for Tourism (Australia)
Minister for Tourism, Major Events, Hospitality and Racing (New South Wales)
Minister for Tourism (Western Australia)
Ministry of Tourism (Brazil)
Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism (Brunei)
Bahamas Ministry of Tourism
Minister of Tourism (Canada)
Ministry of Tourism and Recreation (Ontario) (former ministry)
Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Ontario)
Ministry of Tourism (Croatia)
Minister of Tourism (France)
Minister of Tourism (Greece)
Commissioner for Tourism (Hong Kong)
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Iceland)
Ministry of Tourism (India)
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Indonesia)
Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism (Iran)
Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (Ireland)
Ministry of Tourism (Lebanon)
Minister of Tourism (Malaysia)
Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar)
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan)
Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Tourism (Peru)
Department of Tourism (Philippines)
Tourism Minister of Israel
Ministry of Tourism (Mauritius)
Minister of Tourism (New Zealand)
Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan)
Department of Tourism (South Africa)
Ministry of Tourism (Syria)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (Tanzania)
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand)
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)
Minister for Tourism and Heritage (United Kingdom)
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism (United Kingdom)
United States Department of Commerce
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)
Ministry of Tourism and Arts (Zambia)
Ministry of Tourism (Zimbabwe)"
Aziz Abduhakimov,"Aziz Abdukhakimov (Uzbek: Aziz Abduhakimov; Russian: Азиз Абдукахарович Абдухакимов; born 17, June, 1974) is an Uzbek Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Minister of Tourism and Cultural Heritage."
Matoug Adam,"Matoug Adam (Arabic: معتوق آدم الرقعي‎; 1926 – 2 April 2019) was a Libyan politician, civil servant and poet. He served as the Libyan Minister of Tourism from January 1968 to June 1969. He then served as the last Interior Minister of the Kingdom of Libya from June 1969 to 31 August 1969, when the royal government was overthrown by Muammar Gaddafi.In June 1969, Adam was appointed Interior Minister of Libya. He held the office until 31 August 1969, when the royal government was overthrown during the 1969 Libyan coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi. Adam was arrested and imprisoned in September 1969 by the Gaddafi government. He spent two years in prison before his release.Adam died on 2 April 2019, at the age of 93."
Edmund Bartlett,"Edmund Bartlett is a Jamaican politician who is Member of Parliament for Saint James East Central. He is current Minister of Tourism, having succeeded Wykeham McNeill when the Jamaica Labour Party won the 2016 general elections.
Bartlett, a native of the parish of Westmoreland, Jamaica, was educated at St Elizabeth Technical High School, where he was Head Boy, and the University of the West Indies, Mona, where he studied sociology.
He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2002 and he has served as a minister in Jamaica Labour Party administration since before then. He became the youngest serving  member of parliament in 1980.His wife is Carmen A. Bartlett. They had two children. Their daughter, Lisa, died. Their son Edmund has a family of four: a wife Sarah, son William, and daughter Leia."
Laura Bergt,"Laura Mae Bergt (née Beltz; October 1, 1940 – March 14, 1984) was an Iñupiaq athlete, model, politician, and activist for the Iñupiat and other Indigenous Alaskans. Born in the Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska to bi-racial parents, she grew up in Nome and Kotzebue before attending high school in Sitka. Involved in the Native Olympic movement, she was both a nine-times winner of the Arctic Circle blanket toss event and served as chair of the World Eskimo Indian Olympics in 1966. She worked as a promoter for the new state of Alaska attending trade shows and making marketing appearances as a spokeswoman and guest on radio and television programs. From the 1960s, she worked in various policy positions at the tribal, local, state, and national level to address issues like disability, education, employment opportunities, housing, and poverty, and promoting the rights of Indigenous people.
In 1968, Bergt testified before the United States House of Representatives on the importance of settling Native claims to provide adequate funding for development of programs to address tribal issues and protect Indigenous hunting and fishing rights. Her personal relationship with Vice President Spiro Agnew and her appointment in 1970 to the National Council on Indian Opportunity were pivotal in obtaining passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act in 1971. In 1972, she was appointed by President Richard Nixon to serve on a national policy advisory committee of Indigenous leaders, and in 1975 participated on the 15-member National Health Advisory Committee. She also was commissioner of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board from 1976 to 1978 and was a member of President Gerald Ford's United States Bicentennial Council.
At the state level, Bergt was instrumental in pressing for the creation of schools to teach children with disabilities and preserve Native Arts. She served on various housing and rural development initiatives and chaired the World Eskimo Indian Olympics Committee in 1966 and 1967. She was elected in 1973 to a term on the Borough Assembly of the Fairbanks City Council. The sophomore-junior girls' dormitory at her alma mater, Mt. Edgecumbe High School, is named in her honor and she was the inaugural recipient of the Frank Whaley Award, which recognizes outstanding service to the Eskimo Olympics. In 2015, she was inducted into the Alaska Women's Hall of Fame."
Tonye Briggs-Oniyide,"Tonye Briggs-Oniyide is the current Rivers State Commissioner for Culture and Tourism. She was appointed in 2015 by Governor Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, replacing Nnabuihe Imegwu."
Elias Broomberg,"Elias ""Elly"" Broomberg  (23 December 1915 – 4 November 1977) was a South African-born Rhodesian businessman and politician. Born and raised in Johannesburg, he emigrated to Southern Rhodesia in 1956 and co-founded a textile company in Bulawayo. First elected to Parliament in 1970, he was named Minister of Commerce and Industry by Prime Minister Ian Smith in 1974. Two years later, he was named Minister of Information, Immigration, and Tourism. He chose not to run for reelection in 1977, and after leaving both Parliament and the Cabinet, died the same year.

"
"Minister of Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development","The minister of Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development (French: ministre de la Promotion des exportations, du Commerce international et du Développement économique) is a minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The officeholder is one of four ministers who are associated with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, and one of three ministers associated with Global Affairs Canada."
Allen Chastanet,Allen Michael Chastanet (born 20 November 1960) is a Saint Lucian businessman and politician who served as Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 2016 to  2021. He is currently the Opposition Leader of Saint Lucia and the political leader of the United Workers Party as well as the parliamentary representative for Micoud South constituency.
Do Jong-hwan,"Do Jong-hwan (도종환) (born 27 September 1955) is a Korean poet and politician.  He is a member of the South Korean National Assembly and former Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism. He was also the interim president of the Democratic Party from 8 to 16 April 2021."
Minister for Sport and Civil Society,"The Minister for Sport and Civil Society was a junior minister in the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport of the United Kingdom government, with responsibility for sport and Civil Society in England. In 2020, the role merged with that of the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism to become Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism, Heritage and Civil Society.
The post covered sport as well as tourism and heritage. The sports minister has at various times previously reported to the Department of National Heritage, the Department of Education and Science and the Department of the Environment.
Sport is a devolved matter in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland resting with the corresponding ministers in the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive, although when the Northern Ireland Assembly was suspended, responsibility went to the Northern Ireland Office.
Under Margaret Thatcher the office was known as Under-Secretary of State for Sport."
Minister for Tourism and Heritage,"The post of Minister for Tourism and Heritage was a former junior position in the cabinet of the United Kingdom with responsibilities of handling the tourism industry and the heritage and history of England. The Minister of Tourism and Heritage was located within the portfolio of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
The post was at Parliamentary Under Secretary of State level. The former minister of tourism and heritage was John Penrose.
Since the September 2012 reshuffle the responsibilities were split with heritage going to the Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries and the tourism and licensing responsibilities going to the Minister for Sport and Tourism which is now at the Minister of State level.
In 2017, the powers were transferred to a newly formed position: Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism."
Francesco Frangialli,"Francesco Frangialli served as Secretary-General of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, from 1997 to 2009.He is an honorary professor at the School of Hotel and Tourism Management at Hong Kong Polytechnic University."
Quincia Gumbs-Marie,"Quincia Gumbs-Marie is a politician and environmentalist from Anguilla, who was elected in June 2020 representing the Anguilla Progressive Movement to the Government of Anguilla. Her first role in office was as Parliamentary Secretary of Information Technology, Natural Resources, Economic Development and Tourism. The timing meant that she became responsible for developing a strategy for the re-opening of tourism due to COVID-19 in Anguilla. At COP26 she spoke on the work of the Blue Anguilla (BANG) Committee, which works to amplify the role of the blue economy in Anguilla. In July 2022 a new ministry was formed, which Gumbs-Marie leads as Honourable Minister of Sustainability, Innovation and the Environment. She has spoken out on how sustainability and economic development in Anguilla are intrinsically linked."
Derek Hanekom,"Derek Andre Hanekom (born 13 January 1953) is a South African retired politician, activist and former cabinet minister currently serving as the interim Chairman of South African Airways.He is currently serving as a presidential envoy for South Africa mandated to promote investment with a focus on tourism. He was previously Minister of Tourism from 27 February 2018 until 29 May 2019. In his capacity as Minister of Tourism he was responsible for South African Tourism, the official national marketing agency of the South African government, with the goal of promoting Tourism in South Africa both locally and globally.He previously served as Minister of Science and Technology from October 2012 until 2014. He was Deputy Minister of Science and Technology having served under the then-Presidents Kgalema Motlanthe and Thabo Mbeki, and former President Jacob Zuma in May 2009. He has a strong African National Congress (ANC) history having served three years in prison for the work he did for the ANC during apartheid, with his wife Dr. Trish Hanekom who served three years for her involvement.
He is also a former Minister of Agriculture and Land Affairs, having served under the Mandela administration. Hanekom's tenure as Minister of Land Affairs was reflective of his career in the anti-apartheid NGO sector and he was selected by former President Nelson Mandela partly because of his ability as an Afrikaner to negotiate with white landowners. Hanekom's tenure as minister was marked by an affinity for redistribution as opposed to retribution, and rights as opposed to property. Some have cited a strong contrast with his successor in the ministry during the Mbeki administration, Thoko Didiza.
Hanekom was a member of the ANC National Executive Committee from 1994 to 2022 and the NEC deployee to the Western Cape - the only province the ANC does not govern."
Commissioner for Tourism,"The Commissioner for Tourism heads the Tourism Commission of the Hong Kong Government, which reports to Economic Development Branch of the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau. The Travel Agents Registry is part of the commission."
Andrés Izarra,"Andrés Izarra (born 26 May, 1969 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan politician, journalist and former Minister of Tourism of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Previously, he held various positions in the media area and in Venezuelan politics, mainly during the government of President Hugo Chávez."
Fatou Mass Jobe-Njie,Fatou Mass Jobe-Njie is a Gambian politician who served as Minister of Tourism and Culture from 2010 to 2014 and ambassador to Malaysia from 2014 to 2015.
"Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport (Manitoba)","The Minister of Sport, Culture and Heritage (French: Ministre du Sport, de la Culture et du Patrimoine; formerly Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport) is the cabinet position in Manitoba that oversees the Department of Sport, Culture and Heritage. Since January 2023, the Minister has been Obby Khan.Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage—through developing, supporting, promoting, and celebrating the identity and well-being of the province and its communities—manages those government programs and services that support the sport, art, culture, and heritage of Manitoba.The Minister and the Department are responsible for generating sustainable economic growth based on Manitoba's unique qualities and identity; increasing community capacity to improve well-being; enhancing public access to knowledge and information; encouraging, sharing, and making use of the province’s cultural and heritage resources; building Manitoba’s identity and reputation as a hub for artistic opportunity; and supporting Manitoba’s investments in amateur sport and encourage the hosting of regional, national, and international sport events."
Asot Michael,"Asot Michael is an Antiguan politician and a Member of the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda, elected from Saint Peter Constituency. He was also the Minister of Tourism, Economic Development, Investment and Energy under Prime Minister Gaston Browne. He was formerly a member of the Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party.

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"Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture","The Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture has been Tiong King Sing since 3 December 2022. The minister is supported by Deputy Minister of Tourism. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture."
Ministry of Tourism (Syria),The Ministry of Tourism is a department of the government of Syria.
Victoire Ndikumana,"Victoire Ndikumana (born 1957) is a Burundian politician for the UPRONA party. She was Minister of Women's Advancement and Social Protection from 1991 to 1993, and Minister of Trade, Industry, Posts and Tourism from 2010 to 2014."
Marie-Rose Nizigiyimana,"Marie-Rose Nizigiyimana (born 1966) is a Burundian politician. She held the post of Minister of Trade, Industry, Post and Tourism in the government of President Pierre Nkurunziza from 18 February 2014 until she was fired on 18 May 2015."
"Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism and Civil Society","The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism and Civil Society is a junior position in the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport in the British government. It is currently held by Stuart Andrew who took the office on 27 October 2022. The position was created by the Second May ministry after the 2017 general election. The role is a successor of the Minister for Tourism and Heritage which was abolished in 2012 after the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The position gained the portfolio of the former Minister for Sport and Civil Society in 2020."
María Amalia Revelo,María Amalia Revelo Raventós (18 August 1955 – 14 May 2021) was a Costa Rican businesswoman and government minister. She served as Minister of Tourism from 2018 to 2020 and led the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo.
"Cabinet Secretary for Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy","The Cabinet Secretary for Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy (Scottish Gaelic: Rùnaire a’ Chaibineit airson Eaconamaidh, Obair Chothromach agus Lùth), commonly referred to as the Wellbeing Economy Secretary (Scottish Gaelic: Rùnaire na h-Eaconamaidh), is a Scottish Government Cabinet position with responsibility for the economy of Scotland. The role in it current form is effectively a recreation of the former position of Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Jobs and Fair Work.
The cabinet secretary is supported by three ministers, the Minister for Small Business, Innovation and Trade, the Minister for Energy, and the Minister for Green Skills, Circular Economy and Biodiversity."
Maïmouna Ndoye Seck,"Maïmouna Ndoye Seck (born 1962 in Dakar) is a Senegalese politician. An alumnus of the Ecole Polytechnique of Thiès, she was the Minister of Energy from 2013 to 2015 and the Minister of Tourism and Air Transport from 2015 to 2017, before she became the Minister of Air Transport and Airport Facilities Development in September 2017."
List of Ministers of Culture and Tourism of Turkey,The following is a list of former Ministers of Culture and Tourism of Turkey.
Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism,"The Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism (Bengali: বেসামরিক বিমান পরিবহন ও পর্যটন মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Bēsāmarika bimāna paribahana ō paryaṭana mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for development and regulation of civil aviation and the regulation of the Bangladeshi tourism industry and the promotion of the Bangladesh as a tourist destination."
Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism,"The Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism is the minister in charge of the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism in the Government of Bangladesh. He is also the minister of all departments and agencies under the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism. In September 1962, a department called Biman Paribahan was formed. A separate ministry, the Ministry of Shipping, Inland Water Transport and Tourism, was later formed, but in January 1986, the ministry was transformed into a division of the Ministry of Communications. In December 1986, a ministry called the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism was created.On March 24, 1972, it was transformed into a single division under the Ministry of Defense. On 8 July 1986, the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism was re-established as an independent ministry. Listed here are all the ministers, advisors, state ministers and deputy ministers."
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Ethiopia),"The Ethiopian Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Amharic: የባህልና ቱሪዝም ሚኒስቴር) is the ministry of the government of Ethiopia responsible for researching, preserving, developing, and promoting the culture and tourist attractions of Ethiopia and its peoples, both inside the country and internationally. In doing so the Ministry closely works together with different national and international stakeholders."
Ministry of Tourism (India),"The Ministry of Tourism, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in India. It facilitates the Indian department of tourism. The head of the ministry is the Minister of Tourism (India) held by G. Kishan Reddy. To promote the GDP of the country indirectly and to have friendly relations with them, The Government of India announced officially a Visa on Arrival status/facility for International Visitors to enter/visit India from 43 countries including the United States, Australia, Vietnam, Thailand, Vanuatu, Singapore, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Russian Federation, Brazil, Finland, Germany, Japan, Myanmar on 27 November 2014 and some more countries to follow soon.
India stole the limelight at the World Tourism Mart 2011 in London by winning two global awards - World's Leading Destination and World's Leading Tourist Board, Incredible India."
Atithi Devo Bhava,"Atithi Devo Bhava, also spelt Atithidevo Bhava (Sanskrit: अतिथिदेवो भव:), English translation: A guest is akin to God, prescribes a dynamic of the host-guest relationship, which embodies the traditional Indian Hindu-Buddhist philosophy of revering guests with the same respect as a god. This concept of going out of the way to treat guests with reverence goes even beyond the traditional Hindu-Buddhist common greeting of namaste (I bow to the divinity in you) used for everyone.
The mantras are from the Taittiriya Upanishad, Shikshavalli I.11.2, which says: matrudevo bhava, mitradevo bhava, pitrudevo bhava, putradevo bhava, acharyadevo bhava, atithidevo bhava. It literally means ""be one for whom the Mother is God, be one for whom the Friend is God, be one for whom the Father is God, be one for whom the Child is God, be one for whom the Teacher is God, and be one for whom the Guest is God"". Matrudevah, mitradevah, pitrudevah, putradevah, acharyadevah, and atithidevah are one word each, and each one is a Bahuvrihi samasta-pada."
DigiYatra,DigiYatra produces Biometric Enabled Seamless Travel (BEST) experiences based on facial recognition technology.
Garden of Silence,"The Garden of Silence is a meditative space at the end of Sukhna Lake, Chandigarh, India. It features a seated Buddha. The garden is financed by the Ministry of Tourism and developed by the Chandigarh administration."
Incredible India,"Incredible India (stylized as Incredıble!ndıa) is the name of an international tourism campaign launched by then BJP (NDA) government, lead by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, maintained by the Government of India since 2002, to promote tourism in India. The ""Incredible India"" title was officially branded and promoted since 2002. The exclamation mark forms the 'I' of India. The exclamation used creatively across several visuals compliments the concept behind the word ""Incredible""."
India Tourism Development Corporation,"The India Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) is a hospitality, retail and education company owned by the Government of India, under the administration of the Ministry of Tourism. Established in 1966, it owns over 17 properties under the Ashok Group of Hotels brand, across India.One of the hotels the government developed was the Akbar Hotel in Chanakyapuri, which was built from 1965-69. It remained a hotel until the mid-1980's when it was converted into office space. There were plans in 2007 to convert it back into a hotel in time for the 2010 Commonwealth Games.

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Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management,"Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) is an institute based in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, with campuses in Bhubaneswar, Noida,  Nellore, and Goa, offering training, education and research in sustainable management of tourism, travel and other allied sectors. It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. It was established in 1983."
"Institute of Hotel Management, Faridabad","Institute of Hotel Management, Faridabad, Haryana, generally known as IHM Faridabad, is a Registered Society under Ministry of Tourism , Government of India and Department of Tourism, Government of Haryana. IHM Faridabad is situated at Badkhal Lake Tourist Resort, Faridabad, Haryana. It was previously known by the name of Food Craft Institute (FCI). It was upgraded to an Institute of Hotel Management in 2009 and is affiliated with National Council for Hotel Management, Noida. The institute has started his first batch by offering 21 seats. The batch started with nine students."
"Institute of Hotel Management, Guwahati","The Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Guwahati is an education institution for training students in hotel management, catering technology, general food management, and allied subjects, located in Guwahati, the capital of Assam, India. It was established by the Ministry of Tourism of the Government of India in 1984 as the Food Craft Institute. It was upgraded to an Institute of Hotel Management in 1995 and is affiliated with National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology.
In 2016, a few of the IHMCTANs (Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Jaipur) started giving students the option to choose only vegetarian cooking. All IHMCTANs, including IHMCTAN Guwahati, is expected to start offering a vegetarian cooking option from the academic year 2018 onwards."
"Institute of Hotel Management, Hajipur","Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Hajipur (IHMCT&AN), generally known as IHM Hajipur, is a hospitality management school located in Hajipur, Bihar. It is run under the aegis of Ministry of Tourism, Government of India and Department of Tourism, Govt. of Bihar."
IHM Jaipur,"Institute of Hotel Management, in Jaipur is a college offering training in the hospitality industry.  The institute is governed by the National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology set up by the Indian Ministry of Tourism."
IHM Delhi,"Institute of Hotel Management Catering & Nutrition (IHM), Pusa, New Delhi, generally known as IHM Pusa, is the top hotel management institute in India  hospitality management school located in Delhi, India. IHM Pusa is situated in Pusa Institutional Area, New Delhi. IHM Pusa is known to be the top hotel management institute in the country for the last 10 years in a row because of its placements, faculty, discipline and students. The Institute is governed by the National Council for Hotel Management & Catering Technology set up by the Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India."
National Institute of Water Sports,"The National Institute of Water Sports (NIWS) is designated centre under Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) which run by  Tourism Ministry, India. The Institute, only one of its nature in South Asia, acts as the apex body for training, education, consultancy and research on areas related to recreational and leisure Watersports. The certification and licensing from this Institute are required for carrying out operations in water-bodies such as handling different watercraft for the tourists, swimming pools, water theme-parks etc. Some major disciplines for training and education are life saving, powerboat handling, sailing, windsurfing, water skiing, scuba diving, river rafting and kayaking. From Academic Year 2016, MBA- Tourism (Tourism & Travel) has been introduced & PhD in Tourism & Travel commenced in July 2018 at its state-of-the art campus."
Lalit K. Panwar,Dr. Lalit K. Panwar is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer. He is a former Chairman of Rajasthan Public Service Commission and former Secretary of Ministry of Tourism and Minority Affairs in Government of India.
Young Chef Olympiad,"Young Chef Olympiad is an International Cooking Competition based in India founded by Dr. Suborno Bose. It is currently in its 5th season.

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Ministry of Construction (Japan),"Ministry of Construction (建設省, Kensetsu-shō, MOC) was a government ministry of Japan headquartered in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo.In 2001 it merged into the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism."
"Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture","The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (文部省, Monbu-shō, lit. Ministry of Letters) was a former Japanese government ministry. Its headquarters were in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo.The Ministry of Education was created in 1871. It merged with the Science and Technology Agency (科学技術庁, Kagaku-gijutsu-chō) into the new Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) on January 6, 2001."
"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism","The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通省, Kokudo-kōtsū-shō), abbreviated MLIT, is a ministry of the Japanese government. It is responsible for one-third of all the laws and orders in Japan, and is the largest Japanese ministry in terms of employees, as well as the second-largest executive agency of the Japanese government after the Ministry of Defense. The ministry oversees four external agencies including the Japan Coast Guard and the Japan Tourism Agency."
Ministry of Transport (Japan),"Ministry of Transport (運輸省, Un'yu-shō) was a ministry of the Japanese government.
It managed 849 public corporations before its 2001 merger. It merged into the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) in January 2001."
Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission,"The Aircraft Accidents Investigation Commission (AAIC, 航空事故調査委員会 Kōkūjiko chōsa iinkai) was a government agency of Japan which investigated aviation accidents and incidents. It was subordinate to the Ministry of Transport, and after January 2001 the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT).
It was founded in 1974, following the All Nippon Airways Flight 58 Shizukuishi aircraft accident on July 30, 1971, and the Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 63 accident. On 1 October 2001 the agency was replaced by the Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission (ARAIC). After a train accident occurred on the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line on March 8, 2000, the former AAIC was restructured to ARAIC to also deal with railway accidents."
Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission,"The Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission (ARAIC) (航空・鉄道事故調査委員会, Kōkū-tetsudōjiko chōsa iinkai) was a commission belonging to Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Members of the commission were appointed by the transport minister to investigate the causes of aircraft and railway accidents and to make recommendations on improvements to prevent similar accidents. It was housed in the 2nd Building of the Central Common Government Office at 2-1-2 Kasumigasaeki in Chiyoda, Tokyo.It was founded on October 1, 2001, replacing the Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission. After a train accident occurred on the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line on March 8, 2000 the former AAIC was restructured to ARAIC to also deal with railway accidents.The Japan Transport Safety Board began on October 1, 2008 as a merger between the Japan Marine Accident Inquiry Agency (JMAIA) and the ARAIC."
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan,"The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (国土地理院, Kokudo Chiri-in), or GSI, is the national institution responsible for surveying and mapping the national land of Japan. The former name of the organization from 1949 until March 2010 was Geographical Survey Institute; despite the rename, it retains the same initials. It is an extraordinary organ of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Its main offices are situated in Tsukuba City of Ibaraki Prefecture.
It also runs a museum, situated in Tsukuba, the Science Museum of Map and Survey."
Japan Coast Guard,"The Japan Coast Guard (海上保安庁, Kaijō Hoan-chō) is the coast guard of Japan.
The Japan Coast Guard consists of about 13,700 personnel and is responsible for the protection of the coastline of Japan under the oversight of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The Japan Coast Guard was founded in 1948 as the Maritime Safety Agency and received its current English name in 2000.
The motto of the Japan Coast Guard is ""Righteous Benevolence"" (正義仁愛, Seigi Jin'ai)."
Japan Marine Accident Inquiry Agency,"Japan Marine Accident Inquiry Agency (海難審判庁, Kainan Shinpanchō, JMAIA) was a body of the Japanese government that investigated accidents regarding boats and other marine equipment.
It was established in June 1949. It was housed in the 2nd Building of the Central Common Government Office at 2-1-2 Kasumigasaeki in Chiyoda, Tokyo. On October 1, 2008 the Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission (ARAIC) and the JMAIA merged, producing the Japan Transport Safety Board."
Japan Tourism Agency,"The Japan Tourism Agency (観光庁, Kankō-chō), JTA, is an organization which was set up on October 1, 2008 as an agency of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism."
Japan Transport Safety Board,"The Japan Transport Safety Board (運輸安全委員会, Un'yu Anzen Iinkai, JTSB) is Japan's authority for establishing transportation safety (excluding related United States Forces Japan). It is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). It is housed in the 2nd Building of the Central Common Government Office in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.The agency formed on October 1, 2008 as a merger between the Japan Marine Accident Inquiry Agency (JMAIA) and the Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission (ARAIC).As of 2020 the chairperson is Nobuo Takeda (武田 展雄, Takeda Nobuo)."
Department of Antiquities (Jordan),"The Department of Antiquities is a government department in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan with responsibility for archaeological research and cultural heritage management. It is part of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.The department was established in 1923 in what was then the Emirate of Transjordan, a protectorate of the British Empire. Its responsibilities are legislated for in laws no. 24 of 1934, no. 21 of 1988 and no. 22 of 2004.The department has published an academic journal, the Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, since 1951, and has organised an international conference on the history and archaeology of Jordan every three years since 1980. It also maintains a comprehensive public geographic information system and database of archaeological sites in the country, developed in cooperation with the Getty Conservation Institute, the Middle Eastern Geodatabase for Antiquities – Jordan (MEGA-J)."
"Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture","The Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture has been Tiong King Sing since 3 December 2022. The minister is supported by Deputy Minister of Tourism. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture."
Istana Budaya,"The Istana Budaya or also known as the Palace of Culture, is Malaysia's main venue for all types of theatre including musical theatre, operetta, classical concerts and opera from local and international performances. It is located in the heart of Kuala Lumpur city, next to the National Art Gallery."
National Archives of Malaysia,The National Archives of Malaysia (Malay: Arkib Negara Malaysia) is a Malaysian archive located in Kuala Lumpur.
National Department for Culture and Arts,"National Department for Culture and Arts (Malay: Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara, JKKN) is one of the agencies under Ministry of Tourism and Culture Malaysia and it is responsible in implementing cultural and arts activities in Malaysia."
National Library of Malaysia,"The National Library of Malaysia (Malay: Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia) (PNM) is a library established under the National Library Act 1972 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The National Library is responsible for providing a collection of knowledge at national level for the present and future generations. In its effort to strengthen the library's collection, the National Library continues to play an active role in its acquisition of library materials through enforcement of the Deposit of Library Material Act 1986, acquisition, gift and exchange.
The pride of the National Library's collection is the Malaysiana Collection. It comprises library materials published in Malaysia and overseas whose whole or larger part of the content is related to the publications date or the language used. Another national intellectual heritage is the Malay Manuscripts and one of her manuscript the Hikayat Hang Tuah has been acknowledged by UNESCO in the Memory of the World Register. It is a MS ISO 9001:2008 certified library."
Tourism Malaysia,"Tourism Malaysia or Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (MTPB) is an agency under the Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia.
Tourism Malaysia, formerly known as the ""Tourist Development Corporation of Malaysia (TDC)"", was established on 10 August 1972. It was then under the former Ministry of Trade and Industry."
Department of Tourism (Philippines),"The Department of Tourism (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Turismo, DOT) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the regulation of the Philippine tourism industry and the promotion of the Philippines as a tourist destination."
Guiller Asido,"Guiller Asido is the 10th and incumbent administrator of the Intramuros Administration, an attached agency of the Department of Tourism mandated with the authority to restore and guide the development of Intramuros, Manila. He was previously the chief operating officer of the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority.He earned the following degrees from the University of Santo Tomas in Manila: BA in literature, Bachelor of Laws, and Master of Laws (cum laude). He is also at present a professor of law at the Adamson University College of Law, Bulacan State University College of Law and San Beda College College of Arts and Sciences' Department of Legal Management, handling subjects such as commercial law review, banking and insurance law and
special commercial laws."
It's More Fun in the Philippines!,It's More Fun in the Philippines! was the tourism marketing campaign of the Philippines from 2012 to 2023.
Love the Philippines,Love the Philippines is the tourism marketing campaign of the Philippines since June 2023.
National Parks Development Committee,"The National Parks Development Committee (NPDC) is an agency of the Department of Tourism of the Philippines that is mandated to develop, preserve, and manage Rizal and Paco Parks in Manila and other parks that may be assigned to it. Its main office is located in the Old Planetarium Building, P. Burgos Drive, Rizal Park, Luneta, Manila. Both the Executive Director and the Deputy Executive Director are appointed by the President of the Philippines."
Nayong Pilipino Foundation,"The Ang Nayong Pilipino Foundation Inc. (NPFI), simply known as the Nayong Pilipino Foundation (NPF) or Nayong Pilipino is a non-profit organization based in Manila, Philippines.
It is an autonomous government corporation under the Department of Tourism."
Eustacio Orobia,"Eustacio B. Orobia, Jr. was the second Administrator of the Intramuros Administration, an attached agency of the Department of Tourism mandated with the authority to restore and guide the development of Intramuros, Manila. He was Administrator from 1986 to 1989, and was succeeded by Jose Capistrano. He was also the Chairman of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts from 1992 to 1996, a Member of the Board of Directors of the Nayong Pilipino Foundation from 1986 to 1986, and Head of the Presidential Task Force under the then Ministry of Human Settlements in 1986, among others."
Pilipinas Kay Ganda,"Pilipinas Kay Ganda (lit. 'Philippines, So Beautiful') was a short-lived advertising campaign made by the Department of Tourism to promote tourism in the Philippines.  Launched in 2010, it replaced the WOW Philippines campaign that was launched in 2002.
The tourism slogan and the associated logo used for the campaign were controversial and received mostly negative reception from the Filipino public, even leading to the resignation of the country's then-Tourism Secretary, Alberto Lim. Pilipinas Kay Ganda was eventually replaced with ""It's More Fun in the Philippines!""."
Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority,"The Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA), formerly the Philippine Tourism Authority (Filipino: Pangasiwaang Pilipino sa Turismo), is an agency of the Philippine national government under the Department of Tourism responsible for implementing policies and programs of the department pertaining to the development, promotion, and supervision of tourism projects in the Philippines.
Republic Act No. 9593 or ""The Tourism Act of 2009"" declares a national policy for tourism as an engine of investment, employment, growth and national development, and strengthening the Department of Tourism and its attached agencies to effectively and efficiently implement that policy, and appropriating fund thereof.
The Act supports the establishment of Tourism Enterprise Zones (TEZs) established to be the centers of tourism development in the country. TIEZA is mandated to designate, regulate and supervise the TEZs established under this Act, as well as develop, manage and supervise tourism infrastructure projects in the country.
The TIEZA is governed a board of directors (TIEZA Board) composed of Tourism Department Secretary, the TIEZA Chief Operating Officer, the Tourism Promotion Board Chief Operating Officer, the Department of Public Work and Highways Secretary, the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Secretary, the Department of Internal and Local Government Secretary, and five (5) representative directors that will be recommended by the Tourism Congress.
As the infrastructure arm of DOT, TIEZA has been managing and operating several establishments. Among those operational are: 

Banaue Hotel and Youth Hostel
Hilaga Northern Philippines Village (or Paskuhan Village)
Club Intramuros Golf Course
Rizal Lights and Sounds Museum
Balicasag Island Dive Resort
Gardens of Malasag Mountain Resort
Zamboanga Golf Course and Beach Park
Boracay Water Drainage Program
Corregidor Island breakwater reconstructionTIEZA derives 50% of the share of travel taxes collected in the Philippines. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the agency experienced reduced collection when compared to the pre-pandemic year of 2019."
Wow Philippines,Wow Philippines (stylized as WOW Philippines) was a tourism marketing campaign used to promote tourism in the Philippines. The name of the campaign also served as its tagline.
Abia State Ministry of Culture and Tourism,The Abia State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is an Abia State Government ministry established in August 2010 as the body that is concerned with the administration of tourism and cultural affairs in Abia State.
Abu Dhabi Department of Culture and Tourism,"The Abu Dhabi Department of Culture and Tourism (Arabic: دائرة الثقافة و السياحة) is an agency of the Government of Abu Dhabi established in February 2012 by Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, president of the United Arab Emirates and ruler of Abu Dhabi, to replace Abu Dhabi's two main tourism and culture agencies, the Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority and the Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage."
Department of Tourism and Resorts of Ajara Autonomous Republic,"The Department of Tourism and Resorts of Adjara A. R. (Georgian: აჭარის ა. რ. ტურიზმისა და კურორტების დეპარტამენტი, DTRA) is a sub departmental establishment of government of Adjara Autonomous Republic that is mainly involved in a state management of tourism and resorts in the region.
The department carries out a state policy in reserving and developing tourism and resorts. It also popularizes touristic potential of the region on an international level and favors implementation of various innovations in tourism sphere."
Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism,"The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is the state's government branch or ministry, responsible for planning, devising and implementing the state's strategy on Culture and Tourism.The Ministry is headed by the Commissioner charged with overseeing the activities of the ministry."
"Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism","The Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism (ADPHT) is a cabinet level agency in the executive branch of Arkansas state government responsible for promoting, protecting, interpreting, and managing the state's natural and cultural resources. The department was established on July 1, 2019."
Department of Tourism (Kerala),The Department of Tourism is a major government ministry under the Kerala Government that regulates and supervises tourism in Kerala. Kerala Tourism is the fastest growing state  tourism department in the country and the ministry has been often adjudged as key department that aggressively worked on to make Kerala Tourism into Top 100 Superbrands.
Lagos State Ministry of Tourism and Inter-governmental Relations,"The Lagos State Ministry of Tourism and Inter-Governmental Relations is the state government ministry, charged with the responsibility to plan, devise and implement the state policies on tourism and inter-governmental relations."
"Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism (Manitoba)","The Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism was a government department in the province of Manitoba, Canada.
It was created in 1988 by the Progressive Conservative government of Gary Filmon, through a merger of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Technology and the Ministry of Business Development and Tourism. The ministry was eliminated in 1999, and its responsibilities dispersed among other ministries."
"Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage","Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage (French: Sport, Culture, et Patrimoine; formerly Manitoba Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport) is the department of the Government of Manitoba responsible for managing government programs and services that support the sport, art, culture, and heritage of the province, through developing, supporting, promoting, and celebrating the identity and well-being of Manitoba and its communities.More specifically, sport refers both to the fitness and well-being for individuals as well as to the uniting of people in the spirit of competition and community pride; culture reflects the ""societal values and shared humanity"" within Manitoba; and heritage represents the history of Manitoba and its relation to the province's present and future.The department is overseen by the Minister of Sport, Culture and Heritage, who has been Obby Khan since his appointment in January 2023."
Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra),"The Ministry of tourism is a ministry in Government of Maharashtra. Ministry is responsible for promotion of travel and tourism in Maharashtra.
Ministry is headed by Cabinet level Minister. Girish Mahajan is current Minister of Tourism since 14 July 2023."
"Department of Tourism, Heritage and Culture","The Department of Tourism, Heritage and Culture is a department of the government of New Brunswick.
It was created in 2001 as the Department of Tourism and Parks from the Business New Brunswick and Department of Investment and Exports. Its mandate promote the province's tourism industry and maintain its official provincial parks.Its mandate was widely expanded in March 2012 when Premier David Alward restructured government. It was merged with the Department of Wellness, Culture and Sport to form the new Department of Culture, Tourism and Healthy-Living. This new department was short-lived however with it being split back up in October 2012 into the Department of Tourism, Heritage and Culture (which held the mandate of the former Department of Tourism and Parks as well as an oversight of community arts development and heritage programs) and a Department of Healthy and Inclusive Communities.[1]"
"Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation","The Ministry of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation is a provincial government department in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The department is headed by a member of the provincial cabinet, typically a Member of the House of Assembly, who is chosen by the premier and formally appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador. The current Minister of Tourism, Culture, Arts, and Recreation is Steve Crocker.
The department was first created in October 2011, by the government of Kathy Dunderdale, it incorporated the former Department of Innovation, Trade and Rural Development and most of the programs from the former Department of Business. The department's lines of business included; business investment, business leadership, economic intelligence, industrial diversification, innovation, investment development, marketing, regulatory environment reform, and small and medium-sized enterprise development.The department was reconfigured in 2017 as the department of Tourism, Culture, Industry and Innovation consolidating the former departments of Industry, Innovation, and Rural Development; and Business, Tourism, Culture and Rural Development. The department is responsible for tourism, business investment, heritage, provincial parks, and the arts.
The department was reconfigured in 2020 as the department of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation."
Northern Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism,The Northern Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism is the department of the Government of the Northern Cape responsible for economic development and economic planning as well as promoting and developing tourism within the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The MEC of the department is Abraham Vosloo.
Department for the Economy,"The Department for the Economy (DfE, Irish: An Roinn Geilleagair) is a devolved Northern Ireland government department in the Northern Ireland Executive. The minister with overall responsibility for the department is the Minister for the Economy.
DfE was renamed in 2016; it was previously called the Department for Enterprise, Trade and Investment."
Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation,"The Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation is a department of the government of Oklahoma within the Tourism and Branding Cabinet. The Department is responsible for regulating Oklahoma's tourism industry and for promoting Oklahoma as a tourist destination.  It is the Department which established regional designations for the various parts of the state which are in common use today: Red Carpet Country (Northwest, being the Panhandle and North Central), Green Country (Northeast), Frontier Country (Central), Choctaw Country (Southeast), Chickasaw Country (South Central), and Great Plains Country (Southwest).The department is under the direction of the executive director, who is appointed by the governor. The Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Commission serves in an advisory board to the executive director and is made up of eight members of the public, along with the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma serving as the ninth member and chair of the commission. 
The Department of Tourism and Recreation was created in 1972 during the term of Governor David Hall."
"Ministry of Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture Industries (Ontario)","The Ministry of Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture Industries (previously the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport until October 2019), was created on January 18, 2010 when the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Tourism were combined under one ministry. Sport was added to the portfolio in 2011. It is responsible for the development of policies and programs and the operation of programs related to tourism, arts, cultural industries, heritage sectors and libraries, in Ontario. The Ministry works in partnership with its agencies, attractions, boards and commissions and the private sector to maximize the economic, cultural and social contributions of its agencies and attractions, while promoting the tourism industry and preserving Ontario's culture and heritage."
Ministry of Tourism (Quebec),"The Ministry of Tourism (in French: Ministère du Tourisme) is a Ministry of the Government of Quebec responsible for promoting tourism to the province of Quebec.
The current minister is Caroline Proulx."
"Department of State Development, Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning","The Department of State Development, Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, formerly known as the Department of State Development, Tourism and Innovation, is the ministerial department of the Queensland Government responsible for economic strategy, industry stimulation, and infrastructure, local government and planning in Queensland. The department is led by the Minister for  State Development, Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, currently Steven Miles (politician), who is supported by the Assistant Minister for Local Government, Nikki Boyd. As with many departments of the Queensland Government, State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning is headquartered at 1 William Street, Brisbane."
Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism,"The Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a government ministry of Rivers State, Nigeria entrusted with the formulation and implementation of policies to promote culture and tourism with a view to stimulating economic growth in the state. The ministry's mandate is to ""Put in place programmes and events that attract international, national and local tourists."""
Department of State Growth,"The Tasmanian Department of State Growth is the Tasmanian Government department with responsibility for driving state growth and to implement the government's long-term plan for creating jobs, growth, and opportunities for all Tasmanians, in Australia.
The department was established on 1 July 2014 through the amalgamation of the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources and the Department of Economic Development, Tourism and the Arts.The Department is led by its Secretary, Kim Evans. The Department's ministerial portfolio responsibilities are; Minister for the Arts, presently the Hon. Elise Archer MP; Minister for Energy, presently the Hon. Guy Barnett MP; Minister for Science and Technology, presently the Hon. Michael Ferguson MP; Minister for Resources, presently the Hon. Sarah Courtney MP; Minister for Infrastructure, and the Minister for Advanced Manufacturing and Defence Industries, and the Minister for Education and Training, presently the Hon. Jeremy Rockliff MP; Minister for State Growth, presently the Hon. Peter Gutwein MP; Minister for Tourism, Hospitality and Events, and the Minister for Trade, presently the Hon. Will Hodgman MP.The Department of State Growth is responsible for the following statutory and non-statutory bodies: Antarctic Tasmania, Arts Tasmania, Business Tasmania, Events Tasmania, Forest Practices Authority,  Sustainable Timber Tasmania, Hydro Tasmania, Infrastructure Tasmania, Metro Tasmania, Mineral Resources Tasmania, Office of the Coordinator-General, Private Forests Tasmania, Racing Services Tasmania, Screen Tasmania, Skills Tasmania, Tasmanian Development Board, Tasmanian Institute of Sport, TasRail, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Tourism Tasmania, TT-Line Company, and the West Coast Wilderness Railway."
"Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions","The Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions (DJPR) was a department in Victoria, Australia. Commencing operation on 1 January 2019, the DJPR supported six ministers across 10 portfolios, broadly related to economic development.Along with the Department of Transport (DoT), DJPR was created in machinery of government changes following the return of the Labor government led by Premier Daniel Andrews at the 2018 state election, in which the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR) was divided into two new departments. Following the resignation of Richard Bolt as Secretary of DEDJTR, Simon Phemister was appointed Acting Secretary, and continued as permanent Secretary of the new department.In addition to the non-transport functions of DEDJTR, DJPR also took on responsibility for suburban development from the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning; racing from the Department of Justice and Regulation (itself renamed to the Department of Justice and Community Safety); and Sport and Recreation Victoria from the Department of Health and Human Services.The department was replaced by the Department of Jobs, Skills, Industry and Regions on 1 January 2023, with the latter taking over almost all responsibilities except resources and agriculture, which were transferred to the Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action and local government, which was transferred to the Department of Government Services. The new department also took over responsibilities for skills, training and higher education from the Department of Education and Training."
"Department of Jobs, Skills, Industry and Regions","The Department of Jobs, Skills, Industry and Regions (DJSIR) is a department in the state of Victoria, Australia. Commencing operation on 1 January 2023, it was created in machinery of government changes following the return of the Labor government led by Premier Daniel Andrews at the 2022 state election, in which the department was renamed from the Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions.The DJSIR supports nine ministers across 15 portfolios, broadly related to economic development. It has the same responsibilities as the previous Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, with the exception of resources and agriculture which were transferred to the Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action and local government which was transferred to Department of Government Services. Responsibilities for TAFE, skills, training and higher education were also transferred from the Department of Education and Training to the new department."
Department of Tourism (West Bengal),The Department of Tourism is a West Bengal government department. It is an interior ministry mainly responsible for the administration of the development of Tourism in West Bengal.
"Department of Jobs, Tourism, Science and Innovation","The Department of Jobs, Tourism, Science and Innovation is a department of the Government of Western Australia. The department was formed on 1 July 2017, out of the former Department of State Development, the industry promotion and innovation functions of the Department of Commerce and the Western Australian Tourism Commission.A restructuring of the Western Australian government departments was part of Mark McGowan's election campaign and, in the month after taking office, the number of government departments was reduced from 41 to 25.The department is responsible for the portfolios of economic development, international trade and investment, tourism as well as the promotion of the defence, international education, science and innovation sectors.In May 2021, the department was one of eight Western Australian Government departments to receive a new Director General with Rebecca Brown being appointed to the role effective from 31 May 2021."
Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism,"The Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism (EDAT) is the department of the Western Cape government responsible for economic policy, economic planning and economic development within the province. It is also liable for promoting and developing the provincial tourism sector.
As of May 2019, the political head of the department has been Provincial Minister David Maynier. He also oversees the Provincial Treasury. The non-political head is Solly Fourie."
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey),"The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkish: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for culture and tourism affairs in Turkey. Revolving fund management of the ministry is carried by DÖSİMM. On January 25, 2013, Ömer Çelik was appointed as minister following a cabinet change succeeding Ertuğrul Günay, who was in office since 2008."
Antalya State Symphony Orchestra,"The Antalya State Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra located in Antalya.
Founded in 1995 as Antalya Chamber Orchestra later became symphony orchestra in 1997.Principal conductor is the first woman conductor of Turkey, Inci Özdil."
Çukurova State Symphony Orchestra,"The Çukurova State Symphony Orchestra (Turkish: Çukurova Devlet Senfoni Orkestrası) is a symphony orchestra located in Adana, Turkey. It was founded in 1988 after the Turkish Presidency Symphony Orchestra, Istanbul and İzmir State Symphony Orchestras. It performed its first concert on January 5, 1992 at the Metropolitan Theatre Hall, and has performed there at various occasions since then.  Its principal conductor is Emin Güven Yaslıcam."
Hungarian-Turkish Friendship Park,"The Hungarian-Turkish Friendship Park (Hungarian: Magyar-Török Barátság Park, Turkish: Macar-Türk Dostluk Parkı) is a public park in Csertő, southwestern Hungary, dedicated in memorial to the Battle of Szigetvár fought in 1566 between the Ottoman Empire and the Hungarian and Croatian defenders of the Szigetvár Castle. The park was established in 1994 and opened jointly by Hungarian and Turkish officials."
International Sabancı Theater Festival,"International Sabancı Theater Festival or International Adana Theater Festival, more precisely State Theater-Sabancı International Adana Theater Festival, (Turkish: Devlet Tiyatroları Sabancı Uluslararası Tiyatro Festivali) is a theatre festival held every year in Adana since 1999. It is a joint organization of Turkish State Theatres, the Ministry of Tourism and Culture and the Sabancı Foundation. Many national and international theater groups perform their plays during the festival.
Featuring as an annual international festival lasting a month, the festival entertains almost 20,000 devotees of drama, who are eager to see the plays performed during the festival. 
The festival plays were only staged in Adana until 2005 and since then some of the plays are also staged at Sabancı University's Performing Arts Center in Istanbul. The ""Sakıp Sabancı Lifetime Achievement Award"" is presented on the opening day of the festival since 2005 to honor and recognize the role of the masters, who had profound contributions to the evolution of the drama as an art."
Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra,"The Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra (Turkish: İstanbul Devlet Senfoni Orkestrası or İDSO) is a Turkish symphony orchestra based in Istanbul.
Founded in 1945 as the Istanbul Municipality City Orchestra, its first principal conductor was Cemal Reşit Rey and Dr.Mehmet Muvaffak Goren.  In 1972 it became the Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra. Its current principal conductor is Erol Erdinc."
İzmir State Symphony Orchestra,"İzmir State Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra located in İzmir, Turkey.
Its principal conductor is Rengim Gökmen."
Presidential Symphony Orchestra,"The Presidential Symphony Orchestra (Turkish: Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası; CSO), with headquarters in Ankara, is the presidential symphony orchestra of the Republic of Turkey. Its history dates back as far as 1826, making it one of the first symphony orchestras in the world.After The Auspicious Incident and closing of the Janissary in 1826 by Sultan Mahmud II, the Ottoman military band was transformed into a Western band. On September 17, 1828, Giuseppe Donizetti assumed the role of principal conductor. Until Sultan Mehmed VI the band was called Mızıka-ı Humayun (""The Imperial Band""). In Vahdeddin's reign, it was called Makam-i Hilafet Muzikasi (""The Caliph's Band"").
After the foundation of the Turkish Republic, the state orchestra moved to the new capital Ankara on April 27, 1924, upon the orders of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founding president of the Republic of Turkey. Upon moving to Ankara, the Musiki Muallim Mektebi (Music Teacher's School) was also formed (in 1924) with the efforts of Zeki Üngör. This school later became the basis of the Ankara State Conservatory.
On June 25, 1932, the orchestra was renamed the Riyaset-i Cumhur Filarmoni Orkestrası  (""The Republican Philharmonic Orchestra""). With this new formation the band and the orchestra were clearly separated.  The Presidential Symphony Orchestra and the Ankara State Conservatory owe their existence to a government policy that started during the early 1930s when the Turkish government invited a large number of musicologists, composers, performers who were at risk in their native Germany, to initiate and to institutionalize music education and performance, including opera, theater and ballet. The scope of the changes made by Paul Hindemith, Licco Amar, Ernst Praetorius, Carl Ebert among many others, bordered on being revolutionary. When Zeki Ungor left the position, Ahmet Adnan Saygun was appointed as the new conductor of the orchestra in 1934. After Ahmet Adnan Saygun's illness Ernst Preatorius succeeded him in 1935.  Preatorius held this position until his death in 1946. Hasan Ferit Alnar became the conductor of the orchestra, and remained until 1957. In 1957 a law was passed changing the name of the orchestra to Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası (""The Presidential Symphony Orchestra"").
As of 2015 the orchestra had played in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, Italy, France, Switzerland, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Spain, Poland, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, South Korea, Japan, the United States and England.Between 1961 and 2020, the orchestra played in a concert hall building near by Ankara Railway Station and was moved to its new venue at CSO Ada Ankara in 2020."
Turkish State Opera and Ballet,"The State Opera and Ballet (Turkish: Devlet Opera ve Balesi) is the national directorate of opera and ballet companies of Turkey, with venues in Ankara, İstanbul, İzmir, Mersin, Antalya and Samsun. The directorate is bound to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As of January 2018, Murat Karahan is the General Director.

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United States Department of Commerce,"The United States Department of Commerce (DOC) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government concerned with creating the conditions for economic growth and opportunity. Among its tasks are gathering economic and demographic data for business and government decision making, and helping to set industrial standards. Its main purpose is to create jobs, promote economic growth, encourage sustainable development and block harmful trade practices of other nations. It is headed by the Secretary of Commerce, who reports directly to the President of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet. The Department of Commerce is headquartered in the Herbert C. Hoover Building in Washington, D.C."
Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction,"The 2004 re-authorization of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) directed that the Director of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) establish the Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction (ACEHR) to assess:

trends and developments in the science and engineering of earthquake hazards reduction;
the effectiveness of NEHRP in performing its statutory activities:
improved design and construction methods and practices;
land use controls and redevelopment;
prediction techniques and early-warning systems;
coordinated emergency preparedness plans; and
public education and involvement programs;
any need to revise NEHRP; and
the management, coordination, implementation, and activities of the NEHRP.On June 27, 2006, the official Charter of the Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction was established by the U.S. Department of Commerce, parent agency for NIST. The committee is to be widely representative of the stakeholder community. Federal employees may not serve on the committee. As established by the charter, ACEHR will have 11–15 voting members, in addition to having the Chairperson of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee (SESAC) serve in an ex-officio capacity."
Airway beacon,"An airway beacon (US) or aerial lighthouse (UK and Europe) was a rotating light assembly mounted atop a tower.  These were once used extensively in the United States for visual navigation by airplane pilots along a specified airway corridor. In Europe, they were used to guide aircraft with lighted beacons at night."
Alliance for Coastal Technologies,"Established in 2000, the Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) is a NOAA-funded partnership of research institutions, resource managers, and private sector companies dedicated to fostering the development and adoption of effective and reliable sensors and platforms."
Arms Export Control Act,"The Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Title II of Pub. L. 94–329, 90 Stat. 729, enacted June 30, 1976, codified at 22 U.S.C. ch. 39) gives the President of the United States the authority to control the import and export of defense articles and defense services. The H.R. 13680 legislation was passed by the 94th Congressional session and enacted into law by the 38th President of the United States Gerald R. Ford on June 30, 1976.The Act of Congress requires international governments receiving weapons from the United States to use the armaments for legitimate self-defense.  Consideration is given as to whether the exports ""would contribute to an arms race, aid in the development of weapons of mass destruction, support international terrorism, increase the possibility of outbreak or escalation of conflict, or prejudice the development of bilateral or multilateral arms control or nonproliferation agreements or other arrangements."" The Act also places certain restrictions on American arms traders and manufacturers, prohibiting them from the sale of certain sensitive technologies to certain parties and requiring thorough documentation of such trades to trusted parties.
When the President is aware of the possibility of violations of the AECA,  the law requires a report to Congress on the potential violations.
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) conducts an industry outreach program called the Project Shield America to prevent foreign adversaries, terrorists, and criminal networks from obtaining U.S. munitions and strategic technology.

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Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation,
Bureau of Navigation,"The Bureau of Navigation, later the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection and finally the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation — not to be confused with the United States Navy's Bureau of Navigation — was an agency of the United States Government established in 1884 to enforce laws relating to the construction, equipment, operation, inspection, safety, and documentation of merchant vessels. The bureau also investigated marine accidents and casualties; collected tonnage taxes and other navigation fees; and examined, certified, and licensed merchant mariners.
When established, the Bureau of Navigation was a part of the United States Department of the Treasury.  In 1903, the organization was transferred to the newly formed United States Department of Commerce and Labor.  In 1913 that department was split into the United States Department of Commerce and the United States Department of Labor, and the bureau was assigned to the new Department of Commerce. In 1932 the bureau was combined with the Steamboat Inspection Service to form the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection. The Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection was in turn renamed the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation in 1936.In 1942, Executive Order 9083 transferred many functions of the bureau to two other agencies: Merchant vessel documentation was transferred to the United States Customs Service, while functions relating to merchant vessel inspection, safety of life at sea, and merchant mariners were transferred to the United States Coast Guard. The merchant vessel documentation functions were also transferred to the Coast Guard in 1946.
With all its functions having been absorbed by the U.S. Customs Service and the U.S. Coast Guard, the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation was abolished as unnecessary and redundant by Reorganization Plan No. III of 1946."
Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection,
Bureau of Corporations,"The Bureau of Corporations, predecessor to the Federal Trade Commission, was created as an investigatory agency within the Department of Commerce and Labor in the United States. The Bureau and the Department were created by Congress on February 14, 1903, during the Progressive Era.
The main role of the Bureau was to study and report on industry, looking especially for monopolistic practices. Its 1906 report on petroleum transportation made recommendations that became part of the Hepburn Act of 1906, and was used when the Justice Department successfully prosecuted and broke up Standard Oil in 1911.
In 1912 the Bureau issued a report on the development of water power in the United States, including its ownership or control, and fundamental economic principles involved in utilization of this new and rapidly growing energy source.  The report noted an increasing concentration of ownership and control of widely separated waterpower developments in the hands of a few; a substantial interrelationship among leading water-power interests, as well as a significant and increasing affiliation between water-power companies and street-railway and electric-lighting companies. The report stressed the importance of promptly adopting a definitive public policy concerning water-power development.  The various concerns expressed would initially be regulated by the Federal Water Power Act of 1920. The business, managerial, and financial practices of these early utility holding companies would proliferate, but remain largely unregulated until the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935.
The Bureau also conducted studies of tobacco, steel, lumber and other industries.
The Bureau became part of the new Federal Trade Commission in 1915.   The new Commission took over both staff and ongoing investigations from the Bureau. Commissioner of Corporations, Joseph E. Davies, became the FTC's first Chairman and Davies' deputy Francis Walker became the chief economist of the FTC"
United States Department of Commerce and Labor,"The United States Department of Commerce and Labor was a short-lived Cabinet department of the United States government, which was concerned with fostering and supervising big business. It existed from 1903 to 1913. The United States Department of Commerce is its successor agency, and it also is the predecessor of the United States Department of Labor."
Commerce Reports,"Commerce Reports is an official publication of the United States Department of Commerce, published weekly.  It was first published October 1, 1880.  Extant archival copies have been digitized and are part of the Google Books digital library available online.  Archival editions have also been digitized by the Digital Library Federation."
Defense Production Act of 1950,"The Defense Production Act of 1950 (Pub. L. 81–774) is a United States federal law enacted on September 8, 1950 in response to the start of the Korean War. It was part of a broad civil defense and war mobilization effort in the context of the Cold War. Its implementing regulations, the Defense Priorities and Allocation System (DPAS), are located at 15 CFR §§700 to 700.93. Since 1950, the Act has been reauthorized over 50 times. It has been periodically amended and remains in force."
United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce,"The Deputy Secretary of Commerce is a high-ranking position within the U.S. Department of Commerce. It was created on December 13, 1979, when President Jimmy Carter sent a letter to the U.S. Senate and nominated Luther H. Hodges Jr., who then currently held the title of under secretary of commerce. The deputy secretary serves as the department’s chief operating officer, with responsibility for the day-to-day management of its approximately $11.4 billion budget, 13 operating units, and 46,000 employees. In that capacity, the deputy secretary is also a member of the President’s Management Council. The current deputy secretary is Don Graves, who was sworn in on May 14, 2021."
Endangered Species Act of 1973,"The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA or ""The Act""; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is the primary law in the United States for protecting and conserving imperiled species. Designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a ""consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation"", the ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973. The Supreme Court of the United States described it as ""the most comprehensive legislation for the preservation of endangered species enacted by any nation"". The purposes of the ESA are two-fold: to prevent extinction and to recover species to the point where the law's protections are not needed. It therefore ""protect[s] species and the ecosystems upon which they depend"" through different mechanisms. For example, section 4 requires the agencies overseeing the Act to designate imperiled species as threatened or endangered. Section 9 prohibits unlawful ‘take,’ of such species, which means to ""harass, harm, hunt..."" Section 7 directs federal agencies to use their authorities to help conserve listed species. The Act also serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The Supreme Court found that ""the plain intent of Congress in enacting"" the ESA ""was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost."" The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). FWS and NMFS have been delegated by the Act with the authority to promulgate any rules and guidelines within the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) to implement its provisions."
Energy Science and Technology Database,"The Energy Science and Technology Database (EDB) is a multidisciplinary file containing worldwide references to basic and applied scientific and technical research literature. The information is collected for use by (United States) government managers, researchers at the national laboratories, and other research efforts sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, and the results of this research are transferred to the public. Abstracts are included for records from 1976 to the present day.

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Entity List,"The Entity List is a trade restriction list published by the United States Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), consisting of certain foreign persons, entities, or governments. Entities on the Entity List are subject to U.S. license requirements for the export or transfer of specified items, such as some U.S. technologies. However, U.S. persons or companies are not prohibited from purchasing items from a company on the Entity List. Being included on the Entities List is less severe than being designated a ""Denied Person"" and more severe than being placed on the Unverified List (UVL). First published in 1997 to inform the public on entities involved in disseminating weapons of mass destruction, the list has since expanded to include entities that engaged in ""activities sanctioned by the State Department and activities contrary to U.S. national security and/or foreign policy interests."" It is published by the BIS at Supplement No. 4 to Part 744 of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR)."
Environmental Science Services Administration,"The Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA) was a United States Federal executive agency created in 1965 as part of a reorganization of the United States Department of Commerce. Its mission was to unify and oversee the meteorological, climatological, hydrographic, and geodetic operations of the United States. It operated until 1970, when it was replaced by the new National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
The first U.S. Government organization with the word ""environment"" in its title, ESSA was the first such organization chartered to study the global natural environment as whole, bringing together the study of the oceans with that of both the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere. This allowed the U.S. Government for the first time to take a comprehensive approach to studying the oceans and the atmosphere, also bringing together various technologies – ships, aircraft, satellites, radar, and communications systems – that could operate together in gathering data for scientific study."
Export Administration Regulations,"The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) are a set of United States export guidelines and prohibitions. They are administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security and regulates export and export restrictions: whether a person may export something from the U.S.; re-export something from a foreign country; or transfer something from one person to another in a foreign country. The EAR applies to physical objects  sometimes referred to as ""commodities""  as well as intellectual property such as technology and software."
Export Yellow Pages,"The Export Yellow Pages (EYP) was a multi-media trade and promotion resource for exporters that provides U.S. companies, exporters and export related service providers across all industries a convenient way to engage in export promotion and establish contacts and conduct business and trade around the globe with international buyers. Through the EYP, the Department of Commerce offers all U.S. companies and service providers a free online and print business directory listing and access to the directory and multi-media export.
The Export Yellow Pages is no longer published."
Gross metropolitan product,"Gross metropolitan product (GMP) is a monetary measure of the value of all final goods and services produced within a metropolitan statistical area during a specified period (e.g., a quarter, a year). GMP estimates are commonly used to compare the relative economic performance among such areas."
Herbert C. Hoover Building,"The Herbert C. Hoover Building is the Washington, D.C. headquarters of the United States Department of Commerce.
The building is located at 1401 Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., on the block bounded by Constitution Avenue NW to the south, Pennsylvania Avenue NW to the north, 15th Street NW to the west, and 14th Street NW to the east. It is located in the Federal Triangle, east of President's Park South (the Ellipse), north of the National Mall, and west of other Department of Commerce buildings, the John A. Wilson Building (District Building with the government of the District of Columbia / Washington, D.C.), and the Ronald Reagan Building. The building is owned by the General Services Administration.
Completed in 1932, it was renamed after Herbert Hoover in 1981. Hoover served as Secretary of Commerce (1921–1928) and later President (1929–1933). The closest Washington Metro station is Federal Triangle.
The White House Visitor Center (on the first floor) is in the Hoover Building."
Hurricane Dorian–Alabama controversy,"The Hurricane Dorian–Alabama controversy, also referred to as Sharpiegate, arose from a comment made by then U.S. President Donald Trump on September 1, 2019, as Hurricane Dorian approached the U.S. mainland. Mentioning states that would likely be impacted by the storm, he incorrectly included Alabama, which by then was known not to be under threat from the storm. After many residents of Alabama called the local weather bureau to ask about it, the bureau issued a reassurance that Alabama was not expected to be hit by the storm.
Over the following week, Trump repeatedly insisted his comment had been correct. On September 4, he showed reporters a weather map which had been altered to show the hurricane's track threatening Alabama. He also reportedly ordered his aides to obtain an official retraction of the weather bureau's comment that the storm was not headed for Alabama.  On September 6, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) published an unsigned statement in support of Trump's initial claim, saying that National Hurricane Center (NHC) models ""demonstrated that tropical-storm-force winds from Hurricane Dorian could impact Alabama.""Multiple agencies investigated the possibility that the Trump administration exerted political influence over NOAA, and in June and July 2020, two investigations were completed, one from the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) and another from the United States Department of Commerce Office of Inspector General (OIG). The NAPA report released on June 15 found that both Neil Jacobs, the acting NOAA administrator, and Julie Kay Roberts, the former NOAA deputy chief of staff and communications director, twice violated codes of the agency's scientific integrity policy amid their involvement in the NOAA statement.  On July 9, the inspector general of the Commerce Department issued a report confirming that Commerce officials had responded to orders from the White House which resulted in the statement issued by the NOAA.  A third report was published by the Biden administration's scientific integrity task force of the National Science and Technology Council and released in January 2022."
ICANN,"The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN  EYE-kan) is an American multistakeholder group and nonprofit organization responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring the network's stable and secure operation. ICANN performs the actual technical maintenance work of the Central Internet Address pools and DNS root zone registries pursuant to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) function contract. The contract regarding the IANA stewardship functions between ICANN and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the United States Department of Commerce ended on October 1, 2016, formally transitioning the functions to the global multistakeholder community.Much of its work has concerned the Internet's global Domain Name System (DNS), including policy development for internationalization of the DNS, introduction of new generic top-level domains (TLDs), and the operation of root name servers.  The numbering facilities ICANN manages include the Internet Protocol address spaces for IPv4 and IPv6, and assignment of address blocks to regional Internet registries. ICANN also maintains registries of Internet Protocol identifiers.
ICANN's primary principles of operation have been described as helping preserve the operational stability of the Internet; to promote competition; to achieve broad representation of the global Internet community; and to develop policies appropriate to its mission through bottom-up, consensus-based processes. The organization has often included a motto of ""One World. One Internet."" on annual reports beginning in 2010, on less formal publications, as well as their official website.ICANN's creation was announced publicly on September 17, 1998, and it formally came into being on January 15, 1997, incorporated in the U.S. state of California. Originally headquartered in Marina del Rey in the same building as the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute (ISI), its offices are now in the Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles."
Institute for Telecommunication Sciences,"The Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) performs the research and engineering that enables the U.S. Government, national and international standards organizations, and many aspects of private industry to manage the radio spectrum and ensure that innovative, new technologies are recognized and effective.Past experience, current knowledge, and facilities allow the institute  to solve complex telecommunications problems, as well as visually postulate the significant needs for the future. ITS is notable for  pioneering work on radio wave propagation, development of measurement methods to characterize complex signals, and predict end-to-end system performance. This government entity also provides research and engineering that is critical to continued U.S. leadership in telecommunications technology. This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.(Dept. of Commerce)"
International Traffic in Arms Regulations,International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) is a United States regulatory regime to restrict and control the export of defense and military related technologies to safeguard U.S. national security and further U.S. foreign policy objectives.
William H. Lash,"William Henry Lash III (January 21, 1961 – July 14, 2006) was the Assistant Secretary for Market Access and Compliance at the United States Department of Commerce from 2001 to 2005, and a professor at George Mason University School of Law.
Lash was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and grew up in Rahway, New Jersey.In July 2006, at his home in McLean, Virginia, Lash was involved in a domestic incident with his wife, which resulted in her leaving the house and calling the police. When they arrived, he refused them entry, and proceeded to fatally shoot his 12-year-old son and then himself."
Manufacturing USA,"Manufacturing USA (MFG USA), previously known as the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation, is a network of research institutes in the United States that focuses on developing manufacturing technologies through public-private partnerships among U.S. industry, universities, and federal government agencies. Modeled similar to Germany's Fraunhofer Institutes, the network currently consists of 16 institutes. The institutes work independently and together on a number of advanced technologies.

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"National Aquarium (Washington, D.C.)","The National Aquarium, Washington, D.C., was an aquarium in Washington D.C. It was located in the Herbert C. Hoover Building (owned by the General Services Administration), which is bounded by 14th Street NW on the east, 15th Street NW on the west, Pennsylvania Avenue NW on the north, and Constitution Avenue NW on the south. It was the first free and public aquarium in the United States.
The National Aquarium in Washington, D.C. was smaller than its counterpart in Baltimore, Maryland — a facility also known as the National Aquarium, although independent until the two aquariums signed an alliance in 2003 — with the experience taking around 45 minutes. It closed on September 30, 2013, after 140 years, the longest continuously operating aquarium in the United States at the time."
National Production Authority,"The National Production Authority (NPA) was an agency of the United States government which developed and promoted the production and supply of materials and facilities necessary for defense mobilization. It was part of the Department of Commerce.
The agency was created by Department Order 123, issued September 11, 1950, under authority of the Defense Production Act of 1950 and Executive Order 10161 (issued September 9, 1950). The organization's function was to ensure the needs of the civilian economy were adequately represented in defense mobilization efforts, and that small businesses were participating in defense contracts.
In 1951, after the escalation of the Korean War, the NPA was placed under the control of the Defense Production Administration in the Office of Defense Mobilization.  
The NPA was abolished by Department Order 152, issued October 1, 1953. Its functions were dispersed among a number of successor agencies, including the Business and Defense Services Administration (1953–1970); the Bureau of Domestic Commerce (1970–1972); the Domestic and International Business Administration (1972–1977); the Industry and Trade Administration (1977–1980); and the International Trade Administration (1980–present)."
National Software Reference Library,"The National Software Reference Library (NSRL), is a project of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which maintains a repository of known software, file profiles and file signatures for use by law enforcement and other organizations involved with computer forensic investigations.  The project is supported by the United States Department of Justice's National Institute of Justice,  the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Defense Computer Forensics Laboratory (DCFL), the U.S. Customs Service, software vendors, and state and local law enforcement. It also provides a research environment for computational analysis of large sets of files.

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Office of Space Commerce,"The Office of Space Commerce is an office within the United States Department of Commerce. It is currently one of several offices within the department that are responsible for overseeing and promoting economic activity in space. The office is small in size, and its first director was Kevin O'Connell. In January 2021, Mark Paese took over as acting director.In May 2018, Wilbur Ross, the Secretary of Commerce announced plans to consolidate the Office with the Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs Office to form a new administration, the Space Policy Advancing Commercial Enterprise (SPACE) Administration. The goal of the new agency would be to streamline the regulatory process. These plans were subsequently abandoned."
Office of Technology Policy,"The Office of Technology Policy (OTP) is an office within the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Formerly it was an office of the now defunct Technology Administration of the United States Department of Commerce. The office works with industry to promote competitiveness and advocates integrated policies for maximizing the impact of technology on economic growth.
OTP is the only office in the United States federal government with the explicit mission of developing and advocating national policies and initiatives that use technology to build America's economic strength.  OTP's stated goals include the creation of high-wage jobs and improvements in the United States' quality of life."
"President's ""E"" Award","The President's ""E"" Award - for Exporter - is an award presented by the United States Department of Commerce ""to persons, firms, and organizations engaged in the marketing of products who make significant contributions to the expansion of the export trade of the United States."" It was established by Executive Order 10978 on December 5, 1961. All ""E"" Award winners receive a certificate signed in the name and by the authority of the President by Secretary of Commerce, a lapel pin, and a white pennant with a large blue ""E"" on it to fly over their plant or office."
President's Export Council,"The President's Export Council is an American government organization that serves as the principal national advisory committee on international trade. The Council advises the president of the United States on policies and programs that affect U.S. trade performance; promotes export expansion; and provides a forum for discussing and resolving trade-related problems among the business, industrial, agricultural, labor, and government sectors. The Council reports to the President through the Secretary of Commerce. The Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade serves as the Council's executive director. The current chairman is Mark Ein, who was appointed by Joe Biden in 2023.
The President's Export Council was created by Executive Order on December 20, 1973. The twenty-eight private-sector members of the Council are appointed by the President. They serve with no set term of office. Five United States Senators and five members of the House of Representatives are appointed to the Council by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House, respectively. The Secretaries of Commerce, Labor, Agriculture, Treasury, State, and Homeland Security; the Chairman of the Export-Import Bank of the United States; the U.S. Trade Representative; and the Administrator of the Small Business Administration are also members of the Council."
Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965,"The Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (Pub.L. 89−136, 79 Stat. 552) established the Economic Development Administration in the U.S. Department of Commerce to provide grants to economically distressed communities to support employment and industrial and commercial growth."
SelectUSA Investment Summit,"SelectUSA is the U.S. federal investment promotion agency, facilitating job-creating business investment into the United States and raising awareness for the role of economic development in the U.S. economy.
SelectUSA is housed within the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration, and serves Economic Development Organizations (EDOs) at the state, regional, local, and tribal levels, and business investors with existing operations in the U.S. or planning to enter the U.S. market.
The SelectUSA Investment Summit is a conference held by the agency to promote foreign direct investment to the United States, the only such U.S. effort at the federal level. Prior to the creation of SelectUSA, Invest in America, founded in 2007, was the primary mechanism for promoting foreign direct investment. SelectUSA was created by Executive Order 13577 in 2011.America reinforces the longstanding U.S. Open Investment Policy. Through Invest in America, the Department of Commerce promoted the U.S. economy as the best place in the world to do business. Since its inception, SelectUSA has facilitated more than $146 billion in investment, creating and retaining over 166,000 U.S. jobs."
Statistical Abstract of the United States,"The Statistical Abstract of the United States was a publication of the United States Census Bureau, an agency of the United States Department of Commerce. Published annually from 1878 to 2011, the statistics described social, political and economic conditions in the United States.
The Census Bureau ceased publication with the 2012 edition, released in August 2011; the Bureau stopped compiling the data for the Statistical Compendia program, including the Abstract and supplemental publications, on October 1, 2011.
In preparation for the Fiscal Year 2012 (FY 2012) budget, the Census Bureau did a comprehensive review of a number of programs and had to make difficult proposals to terminate and reduce a number of existing programs in order to acquire funds for higher priority programs. The decision to propose the elimination of this program was not made lightly. To access the most current data, please refer to the organizations cited in the source notes for each table of the Statistical Abstract.
A Washington Post columnist, Robert J. Samuelson, wrote ""This is a mighty big loss for a mighty small saving."" The agency’s 2012 budget would eliminate the Statistical Compendia Branch, which compiles the Statistical Abstract and other publications (such as the “County and City Data Book”). This would save $2.9 million and cut 24 jobs. Both the book and online versions of the Statistical Abstract would vanish. The American Library Association, representing about 16,700 public libraries and more than 100,000 academic and school libraries, is arguing to keep the Statistical Abstract. Alesia McManus, library director at Howard Community College in Columbia, started a Facebook page and launched a petition dedicated to reversing the decision, wrote Samuelson. He quoted one librarian as writing “If the library were on fire, this would be the reference book I would try and save first”, and another as saying “[The] Statistical Abstract has for years been one of the top five reference books used by students and faculty at South Dakota State University.” Samuelson said he didn't think the librarians' protest would have much effect.Joseph Dionne and Paul Krugman published columns agreeing with Samuelson.
ProQuest continued the series, in co-operation with Bernan Press. The list price of the 2012 Department of Commerce edition was $20 (paperback), free online. The list price of the Proquest edition is $199.In 1975, a Bicentennial Edition, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, in two volumes, was published.
The 2010 (129th Edition) Statistical Abstract of the United States has 30 sections, 926 pages, and more than 1,300 tables, covering more than 200 topics, including income and wealth, imports and exports, agriculture, energy production and consumption, natural resources, and some international comparisons. All information is downloadable in PDF and Excel spreadsheet formats. The statistical abstract is the standard summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the United States. It is also designed to serve as a guide to other statistical publications and sources."
Steamboat Inspection Service,"The Steamboat Inspection Service was a United States agency created in 1871 to safeguard lives and property at sea. It merged with the Bureau of Navigation in 1932 to form the Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, which in 1936 was reorganized into the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. The Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation's responsibilities were transferred temporarily to the United States Coast Guard in 1942. The Bureau was abolished in 1946, when its functions were transferred permanently to the Coast Guard."
Technical Guidelines Development Committee,The Technical Guidelines Development Committee (TGDC) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology supports the Election Assistance Commission in the United States by providing recommendations on voluntary standards and guidelines related to voting equipment and technologies.
Technology Administration,"The Technology Administration (TA) was an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that worked with United States industries to promote economic competitiveness. The TA used the web domain technology.gov. The TA was most recently led by former Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology Robert Cresanti.
The TA oversaw three agencies:

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Office of Technology Policy (OTP)"
Trade Adjustment Assistance,"Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) is a federal program of the United States government to act as a way to reduce the damaging impact of imports felt by certain sectors of the U.S. economy.  The current structure features four components of Trade Adjustment Assistance: for workers, firms, farmers, and communities.  Each cabinet-level department was tasked with a different sector of the overall Trade Adjustment Assistance program.  The program for workers is the largest, and is administered by the U.S. Department of Labor.  The program for farmers is administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the firms and communities programs are administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce.
A 2020 study found that counties with a history of successful petitions for trade adjustment assistance were less likely to support protectionism and were more likely to support Democratic candidates in the future."
Trademark Official Gazette,"The Trademark Official Gazette (TMOG) is a weekly publication of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) which publishes newly registered trademarks. Once a trademark application has been examined by a USPTO examining attorney and found to be entitled to registration, it is published in the Official Gazette of the USPTO.The Official Gazette provides anyone who believes they would be damaged by the registration of a published mark with an opportunity to challenge the proposed registration. Upon its publication, anyone who believes that the registering party's use of the mark might damage him or her has 30 days in which to file an opposition to the registration. If such an opposition is made, the registering party will be informed and then must fight it or abandon the trademark. If no oppositions are filed, or if any opposition is successfully overcome, the application will proceed to registration.On September 24, 2013, a new web-based version of the Trademark Official Gazette was made available to the general public; the last paper edition of the Trademark Official Gazette, published by the Government Printing Office, was the December 25, 2012 edition."
U.S. Commercial Service in Taiwan,"The U.S. Commercial Service (USCS) in Taiwan, a part of the U.S. Department of Commerce, is the trade promotion section of the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT). The mission of the USCS is to promote the export of goods and services from the United States, particularly by small- and medium-sized businesses; to represent U.S. business interests internationally, and to help U.S. businesses find qualified international partners.  
The U.S. Commercial Service in Taiwan helps U.S. exporters arrange appointments with potential local business partners or relevant authorities for U.S. exporters visiting Taiwan, provides information on the Taiwan market for U.S. goods and services, and maintains an online directory of U.S. suppliers for use by local importers. In Taiwan, the U.S. Commercial Service offices are located in Taipei and Kaohsiung. In Taipei, there are four commercial officers and 17 local trade staff. In Kaohsiung, there is one officer and one local trade staff.  
The core of the USCS is the network of international trade specialists in U.S. Export Assistance Centers throughout the United States and the USCS commercial officers, specialists, assistants, and other staff located at USCS offices in U.S. embassies and consulates in more than 150 cities in 80 countries."
U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Security,"The US Department of Commerce Office of Security is a division of the United States Department of Commerce (DOC) that works to provide security services for facilities of the department. Its aim is to provide policies, programs, and oversight as it collaborates with facility managers to mitigate terrorism risks to DOC personnel and facilities, program managers to mitigate espionage risks to DOC personnel, information, and facilities, and Department and Bureau leadership to increase emergency preparedness for DOC operations."
"U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector General","The U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Inspector General (DOC OIG) is one of the Inspector General offices created by the Inspector General Act of 1978. The Inspector General for the Department of Commerce is charged with investigating and auditing department programs to combat waste, fraud, and abuse."
United States Under Secretary of Commerce,"A United States Under Secretary of Commerce is one of several positions in the United States Department of Commerce, serving under the United States Secretary of Commerce."
United States Bureau of Fisheries,
United States Fish Commission,"The United States Fish Commission, formally known as the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, was an agency of the United States government created in 1871 to investigate, promote, and preserve the fisheries of the United States. In 1903, it was reorganized as the United States Bureau of Fisheries, sometimes referred to as the United States Fisheries Service, which operated until 1940. In 1940, the Bureau of Fisheries was abolished when its personnel and facilities became part of the newly created Fish and Wildlife Service, under the United States Department of the Interior."
United States Munitions List,"The United States Munitions List (USML) is a list of articles, services, and related technology designated as defense and space-related by the United States federal government. This designation is pursuant to sections 38 and 47(7) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778 and 2794(7)). These articles fall under the export and temporary import jurisdiction of the Department of State.
The USML is found in Part 121 of Title 22, Foreign Relations, of the Code of Federal Regulations.  The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls administers the regulations. The USML is amended by rules published in the Federal Register. Further information and clarification whether specific articles or services fall under the USML are periodically discussed in Defense Trade News published by the State Department's Bureau of Political-Military Affairs.
Any article, service, or related data found to be on the USML requires an export license issued by the United States State Department to be exported (given to a non-U.S. person). A ""U.S. person"" is a U.S. citizen or permanent resident who does not work for a foreign company, government, or non-governmental organization. Some license exceptions are available under specific circumstances.
Exports of products not covered by the USML are most likely subject to the export jurisdiction of the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security.  Numerous other U.S. federal agencies have their own niche export control regulations.  The first step in exporting a Commerce Control List item under the Bureau of Industry and Security regulations is to identify the Export Control Classification Number (ECCN)."
Unverified List,"The Unverified List (UVL) is a trade restriction list published by the United States Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), consisting of certain foreign persons, entities, or governments. Inclusion in the UVL is commonly confused with listings in the similar but separate Entity List or Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.
Inclusion in UVL is not regarded as punitive nor intended to punish a party for violating laws or regulations. Rather, ""Foreign persons who are parties to an export, re-export, and (in-country) transfer subject to the EAR may be added to the Unverified List if the BIS or federal officials acting on its behalf cannot verify the bona fides (i.e., legitimacy and reliability about the end-use and end-user of items subject to the EAR) of such persons because an end-use check, such as a pre-license check (PLC) or a post-shipment verification (PSV), cannot be satisfactorily completed for reasons outside of the U.S. Government's control.""The UVL is regulated by 15 CFR Ch. VII § 744.15 and may be found in Supplement No. 6 to Part 744. Changes to the UVL are published along with all other US government business in the Federal Register and codified annually along with all other federal regulations."
World News Connection,"World News Connection was a compilation of current international news translated into the English language. The United States Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service compiled and distributed it from non-U.S. media sources, usually within 24–72 hours from the time of the original publication or broadcast.
It provided the full text of newspaper articles, television and radio broadcasts, online sources, conference proceedings, periodicals, and non-classified technical reports. This information was collected and translated to aid decision makers at the highest levels of the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. Government who needed to know what was happening abroad and how it was being reported locally.  WNC was especially useful for access to local thoughts and perceptions for those who didn't know the local language.  It covered 130 countries, including many out of the way places not generally covered by other news services.  It also contained news analyses by OSC specialists.World News Connection was the online offering from the Open Source Center (OSC) (formerly the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS)) that replaced the hard-copy regionally oriented ""pink books"" that used to be published.  Due to a shift in the 1990s toward copyright compliance, the online version was a limited rendition (about half) of what is available for internal government use.
DIALOG, a commercial search service under ProQuest, offered a fee-based means of accessing WNC content. WNC material was also available from Acquire Media, Country Watch, East View Information Services, NISC Pty Ltd (South Africa), and Westlaw.The World News Connection shut down on December 31, 2013."
Museum of Sport and Tourism,"Muzeum Sportu i Turystyki w Warszawie (Polish: Muzeum Sportu i Turystyki, MSiT) is a museum in Warsaw, Poland. It was established in 1952 and is one of the oldest of its type in Europe.
The museum holds a permanent exhibition entitled “The history of Polish Sport and Olympic Movement” which covers the history of sport from Ancient Greece until the modern era.  Visitors can see sports gear, medals, trophies, antiques and other historic objects.Accumulated collections contain over 46 thousand exhibits, sport trophies, like medals, cups and diplomas, as well as outfits and equipment. The museum also contains a big variety of books, pictures, newspapers, postcards as well as audio and video materials."
Trauttmansdorff Castle,"Trauttmansdorff Castle is a castle located south of the city of Merano, South Tyrol, northern Italy. It is home to the Touriseum, a museum of tourism and since 2001 the surrounding grounds have been open as the Trauttmansdorff Castle Gardens, a botanical garden.
During the years of fascist Italy the castle was called di Nova Castle (Torrente Nova is the name of a little brook near Trauttmansdorff)."
Gérard Blitz (entrepreneur),"Gérard Blitz (28 February 1912 – 3 March 1990) was a Belgian entrepreneur and Yogi.
Born in Antwerp, he was the son of Maurice Blitz and nephew of Gérard Blitz, both members of the Belgian water polo national team who won Olympic medals.  Taking a Bronze in Water Polo, his Uncle Gerard, was one of only around eight Jewish athletes to win a medal in the 1936 Berlin Summer Games hosted by Nazi Germany.He was apolitical during the 1930s, but joined the French Resistance in World War II and showing a rebellious streak and strong anti-Fascist sentiments was briefly a member of the Communist Party, ending the association when he felt the organization's structure became more important than the individual. After the war, he founded Club Med.
On 27 April 1950, Gérard Blitz officially founded the Club Méditerranée association, having submitted the statues to the Paris Police Prefecture earlier in February. In the same year, he created Club Med as a non-profit, bringing the first group of vacationers to Alcudia on the Northern Coast of Majorca in the Baleric Islands South of Spain.Ironically, Blitz's first idea for what would become a luxurious resort for vacationers may have come in 1945, when he opened a village to rehabilitate Belgian survivors of Nazi concentration camps.Following in his father's footsteps, the Belgian-born Mr. Blitz initially found work as a diamond cutter.  
In the beginning, vacationers led a somewhat Spartan lifestyle in tents, but the concept evolved as resort members later occupied straw huts, eventually enjoying a degree of luxury in modern hotels.  Club Med found success with prepaid vacations that eliminated tipping, using beads for souvenirs or bar drinks, which relaxed guests by eliminating the need to carry much cash.  Other resorts copied the concept.Featuring relaxing adventures in the sand and sun, the resort became one of the world's largest tourism groups, with a collection of hotels and ski lodges that featured over 87,000 beds.  A great deal of credit for the resorts's success belongs to Gilbert Trigano who took over as President in 1963, and supplied the tents for the company in its early years.  Blitz remained Honorary President throughout his life.Blitz was married twice and had four children.Gérard Blitz was also a promoter of yoga practice. He was secretary and then president of the European Union of Yoga from 1974 to his death in 1990 at the Cochin Hospital in Paris."
David Bobihoe Akib,"David Bobihoe Akib (October 30, 1955 – July 16, 2020) was an Indonesian civil servant, public relations practitioner, and politician. He served as the Regent of Gorontalo Regency, in Gorontalo province, for two consecutive terms from 2005 until 2010. (His first term in office was from 2005 until 2010, while his second term as regent lasted from 2010 to 2015).Bobihoe joined the North Sulawesi provincial civil service in 1976. He later joined the public relations office of North Sulawesi province (which Gorontalo was part of until 2000). Two years later, he became head of the Gorontalo District Public Relations office as well. He then led the Gorontalo City Tourism Office. He finally became head of the North Sulawesi Province Public Relations Bureau from 1997 until 2001.Bobihoe's civil service and tourism careers led him to politics. He initially served as Gorontalo Regency Regional Secretary from 2001 until 2005. In 2005, Bobihoe was elected Regent of Gorontalo Regency. Bobihoe served two consecutive terms as regent from 2005 to 2010 and again from 2010 until 2015. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Gorontalo province in 2011.In 2015, Bobihoe ran for Vice Governor of North Sulawesi province as the running mate of North Sulawesi gubernatorial candidate, Benny Mamoto. However, the Mamoto-Bobihoe ticket, who were members of the Golkar party, lost the 2015 state gubernatorial election.David Bobihoe Akib died while undergoing medical treatment at Aloei Saboe Hospital in Gorontalo city on July 16, 2020. He was 64 years old. He was survived by his wife, Rahmijati Jahja, a member of the national Regional Representative Council, and their two children, Jhon Reverid Bobihoe and Jheniver Rivian Bobihoe."
Cruise ship dance host,"Dance hosts on cruise ships are people who fill an unpaid position on cruise ships.  They are almost exclusively gentlemen, typically between the ages of 40 and 70, who excel in social ballroom dancing.Many cruise lines allocate cabins for dance host programs. Dance hosts are expected to socialize with passengers and dance with the female passengers, who happen to greatly outnumber male passengers on most cruises.  Dance hosts must be present nightly at dance floor locations and ""work the room"", offering a dance to each unescorted female passenger, while being careful to not to show favoritism.
They are also responsible for attending all ship-sponsored parties and are often asked to host tables at dinner time.  They serve as general companions, making conversation and joining in for shipboard activities and games. All the while, romance is not involved, so these gentlemen must have their wits and tact about them. Crossing another passenger's cabin threshold can result in disembarkation. The film Out to Sea, a comical interpretation of the position, is basically a guide of what not to do.Ideal applicants come from well traveled and well educated backgrounds who find it easy to converse on a variety of subjects. It is important that hosts have polished appearances and refined, approachable manners. They must also be in good shape, as dancing, most nights, lasts for hours.
Cruise lines usually allocate one passenger cabin for two hosts and allow a placement agency to charge a small daily fee. This covers the cost of recruiting, qualifying, and booking hosts for the cruise lines' itineraries.  Qualification procedures include a background check, a dance audition with a local dance instructor or video audition, and a written biography with a photograph which can be used as an introduction and conversation starter once on board.
A host must have an inherent love for dancing and socializing and not consider his responsibilities a job, because he'd be disappointed to learn that dance hosting is not a paid position. On the other hand, he will be sailing to exciting destinations on a luxury vessel for a small fraction of the ticket price that the regular guests pay.  There are often perks associated with this position including paid airfare for some long sailings, discounts for laundry, bar tabs, and internet, and opportunities to serve as an escort for shore excursions - which means they may join in on $150+ land-based itineraries for free."
David Potts (TV personality),"David James Potts (born 5 May 1993) is an English television personality. Since 2016, he has appeared as head rep on the ITV2 reality series Ibiza Weekender and its successor Kavos Weekender. He has also appeared on the E4 dating series Celebs Go Dating and has finished as runner-up on Celebs on the Farm, Celebrity Karaoke Club and Celebrity Ghost Trip."
Bongkosh Rittichainuwat,"Bongkosh Ngamsom Rittichainuwat is a Thai researcher, scholar, professor and academic administrator. She is currently Dean & Professor of the international College of Hospitality & Tourism Management at Siam University.

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Travis Robinson (politician),"Travis Lamar Robinson (born 30 November 1994) is a Bahamian Free National Movement politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bain and Grants Town from 2017 to 2021. Elected at the age of 22, he became the youngest MP in the history of the Bahamas as well as CARICOM at large."
Seasonworker,"In the United Kingdom, a seasonworker (also called a holiday rep or a saisonaire) is a person who spends either their summers or winters working abroad for a tour operator."
Bunny Ahearne,"John Francis ""Bunny"" Ahearne (19 November 1900 – 11 April 1985) was a British ice hockey administrator and businessman. He served rotating terms as president and vice-president of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) from 1951 to 1975, and was the secretary of the British Ice Hockey Association from 1934 to 1971, and later its president until 1982. He began in hockey by managing the last Great Britain team to win a gold medal at the Winter Olympic Games, before moving to the international stage. He implemented business reforms at the IIHF, oversaw the growth of ice hockey to new countries, and expanded the Ice Hockey World Championships. He was inducted into both the Hockey Hall of Fame and the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame during his lifetime and was posthumously inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame."
Daniel Appleton,"Daniel Appleton (December 10, 1785 – March 27, 1849) was an American publisher who founded D. Appleton & Co."
Aristide Blank,"Aristide or Aristid Blank, also spelled Blanc or Blanck (January 1, 1883 – January 1, 1960), was a Romanian financier, economist, arts patron and playwright. His father, Mauriciu Blank, an assimilated and naturalized Romanian Jew, was manager of the Marmorosch Blank Bank (BMB), a major financial enterprise. Aristide took up jobs within the same company, and, after seeing action in the Second Balkan War and World War I, began expanding its investments, branching out into maritime transport and founding CFRNA/CIDNA airlines. This period witnessed his attempt at setting up a press empire around the twin dailies Adevărul and Dimineața, and his brief engagement with Epoca.
Inheriting his father's position at the BMB, Blank expanded its activities and expenditures, setting aside money for graft, and allowing his staff to engage in accounting fraud. By 1923, he was also engaged in Romanian nationalist politics, sponsoring propaganda writings and working alongside historians Nicolae Iorga and Vasile Pârvan. He set up his own publishing house, Cultura Națională, and a literary agency, which was for a while managed by philosopher Nae Ionescu—ultimately sacked by Blank upon the discovery of embezzlement. Blank, who allegedly alternated mainstream politics with support for the far-left, found himself pitted against the antisemitic far-right, being brutalized by the National Christian Defense League and marked for retribution by the Iron Guard.
Beginning in the early 1920s, Blank cultivated Crown Prince Carol, who took over as King of Romania after a 1930 coup. Emerging as Carol's economic adviser, Blank joined the resulting camarilla, an affiliation which shielded him from the consequences of BMB mismanagement. The enterprise crashed in 1931, unable to absorb the effects of the Great Depression. Blank was removed from his managerial position following intervention by the National Bank of Romania, but used political channels to preserve some measure of control, and was instrumental in toppling National Bank Governor Mihail Manoilescu, who did not wish to refinance the BMB. His influence fluctuated for the remainder of Carol's reign; still unable to fully control the BMB, he still owned Discom, a lucrative retailer for products of state monopolies. In the 1930s, he helped develop Eforie and Techirghiol into summer resorts.
Public antisemitism and fascism took the forefront during the late years of Carlism and the early years of World War II. This period saw Blank marginalized, and resulted in additional scrutiny of the BMB affair, at the end of which he was sentenced to pay 600 million lei in damages. Blank reemerged as BMB manager after King Michael's Coup of 1944, but he and his business were finally repressed by the communist regime from 1948. In 1953, he was sentenced to 20 years for high treason, but managed to have that verdict overturned in 1955. After international pressures, he was allowed to emigrate in 1958, and lived his final months in Paris. His children from his successive marriages and affairs include American soldier Milenko Blank and French press magnate Patrice-Aristide Blank.

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George Bradshaw,"George Bradshaw (29 July 1800 – 6 September 1853) was an English cartographer, printer and publisher. He developed Bradshaw's Guide, a widely sold series of combined railway guides and timetables."
Chalermchai Charuvastr,"Chalermchai Charuvastr (Thai: เฉลิมชัย จารุวัสตร์, 1916–2009) was a Thai army general, hotelier and business executive, known for pioneering the Thai tourism industry and heading the Siam Piwat company, owner of multiple major shopping malls in the Siam area.
Chalermchai was a close aide of Sarit Thanarat, Thailand's strongman dictator prime minister from 1959 to 1963, and he served several government positions under Sarit. Like Sarit, he was a strong supporter of the monarchy. In 1960, he was appointed the first director of the Tourist Organisation of Thailand (now the Tourism Authority of Thailand), and became chairman of The Syndicate of Thai Hotels and Tourists Enterprises, the state-owned company that ran the Erawan Hotel. He also headed the Bangkok Intercontinental Hotels Company, which was established to run the Siam InterContinental Hotel and later became Siam Piwat."
Chu Shijian,"Chu Shijian (Chinese: 褚时健; 17 January 1928 – 5 March 2019) was a Chinese business executive and entrepreneur, known as the ""king of tobacco"" and the ""king of oranges"". He turned the near-bankrupt Yuxi Cigarette Factory into one of China's most profitable state-owned companies and developed its Hongtashan cigarette into one of the country's most valuable brands. At its peak, the company contributed 60% of total revenues of the Yunnan provincial government.Chu supplemented his low official salary by taking bribes. He was arrested for corruption in 1996 and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1999. After being released on medical parole in 2002, he started his second company at age 75, an orange plantation with the brand name ""Chu Orange"". It became a nationally famous brand, giving Chu a new nickname as the ""king of oranges"". His achievements and unyielding spirit made him ""one of China's most iconic entrepreneurs""."
Thomas Cook,"Thomas Cook (22 November 1808 – 18 July 1892) was an English businessman. He is best known for founding the travel agency Thomas Cook & Son.  He was also one of the initial developers of the ""package tour"" including travel, accommodations, and the like.

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Mehmet Ersoy,"Mehmet Nuri Ersoy (born 1968) is a Turkish businessman and current Minister of Culture and Tourism.
Mehmet Nuri Ersoy was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1968. After completing his secondary education in the Deutsche Schule Istanbul, he studied Business Administration in English language at Istanbul University. In 1991, he founded the tourism company ""Ersoy Turistik Servisleri"" (ETS) together with his twin brother Murat. More companies in the tourism branch followed with ""Voyage Hotels Group"" in 1999, ""Didim Tur"" as part of the ETS in 2001 and the airline company AtlasGlobal, known as Atlasjet, joining the group of companies in 2004.On July 9, 2018, the newly elected President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced his cabinet of the new Turkish political system. Mehmet Nuri Ersoy was appointed Minister of Culture and Tourism."
Michael Frenzel,Michael Frenzel (born 2 March 1947) is a German business executive. He was the chief executive officer of TUI AG from 1994 to 2013. Since 2018 he is a World Travel and Tourism Council ambassador. He studied law and holds a doctorate.
Stelios Haji-Ioannou,"Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou (Greek: Στέλιος Χατζηιωάννου, romanized: Stelios Hatziioannou; born 14 February 1967) is a Greek Cypriot entrepreneur. Born into a wealthy ship-owning family, he is best known for founding the low-cost airline easyJet and the Stelmar shipping line with start-up funds provided by his father, Loucas. easyJet's foundation in 1995 marked the beginning of a series of ventures marketed under the ""easy"" brand, managed by easyGroup and chaired by Haji-Ioannou."
Nelson Levy,"Nelson Lévy (~1949 – June 3, 2007) was a leading figure in French Polynesia tourism and the founding head of Air Tahiti Nui, the national airline of French Polynesia."
Ashwani Lohani,Ashwani Lohani is a retired officer of Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers. He has earlier worked as the Chairman & Managing Director of Air India and the former Chairman of the Railway Board of Indian Railways. After being retired from Government service on 23 July 2020 he joined GMR Group where He is currently serving as chief executive officer.
Henry Lunn,"Sir Henry Simpson Lunn (30 July 1859 – 18 March 1939) was an English humanitarian and religious figure, and also founder of Lunn Poly, one of the UK's largest travel companies.
Lunn was born in Horncastle, Lincolnshire, elder son of greengrocer Henry Lunn and Susanna, daughter of Simpson Green. His parents were both devout Wesleyan Methodists and their son was raised in that tradition. He gained a place at Horncastle Grammar School. He attended Headingley College, Leeds, for instruction to become a church minister and was ordained in 1886. He also trained as a medical doctor at Trinity College, Dublin. His marriage to Mary Ethel Moore, the daughter of a canon, produced four children: alpine skiing pioneer Arnold Lunn, writers Hugh Kingsmill Lunn and Brian Lunn, and a daughter who predeceased him.
After one year of missionary service in India, he was forced to return in 1888 to Lincolnshire after contracting an illness. His criticism of the conditions for Methodist missionaries in India led him to conflict with his fellow ministers, and he sought to explore wider horizons. He concentrated on his religious belief of Christian unity and cooperation, which was a forerunner of the Ecumenical Movement. As such, he was the founder of the Co-operative Educational Tours in 1893 and organized meetings of predominantly English church leaders at the annual Grindelwald Reunion Conferences, between 1892 and 1896. In 1902, he organised his first inclusive tours at Adelboden and Wengen, Switzerland, which started the trend for British visitors to combine a religious/health retreat with winter sports. Many Anglican churches were established at fashionable winter resorts.
In 1905 he formed the Public Schools Alpine Sports Club which secured the use of major hotels and the sanatorium at Le Beauregard. With Lord Bryce, he founded the Hellenic Travellers Club in 1906 and this success led his second company, Alpine Sports Limited, founded two years later, to open up many winter sports resorts by organising tours.
In 1908 he convened a meeting at the Devonshire Club to found the Alpine Ski Club, a gentleman’s club for ski-mountaineers.
He was a vocal opponent of the Boer War but remained in the confidences of leading politicians. He became a Knight Bachelor in 1910 and was active in Liberal politics, forming a strong friendship with Asquith. He stood twice for Parliament in 1910 for Boston and 1923 for Brighton, but was unsuccessful. In 1924 he was the first Editor of ""The Review of The English Churches"".  The first edition was published in January of that year and included an article on Birth Control and Prohibition in The United States. He helped form the Irish Protestant Home Rule Association.  Although he continued to travel and promote his vision of the union of churches with the League of Nations, his company (renamed as Sir Henry Lunn Travel) grew to become one of the largest travel agents in Britain. During the 1960s the company was merged with the Polytechnic Touring Association to form Lunn Poly.
He wrote two autobiographical works:  Chapters from My Life (1918) and Nearing Harbour (1934). He died at the Hospital of St John and St Elizabeth in St John's Wood."
Julius Meimberg,"Julius Meimberg (11 January 1917 – 17 January 2012) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 53 aerial victories—that is, 53 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in over 250 combat missions. In the 1960s, he invented an open-end spinning device and received patents in the US and Germany for it. In 1970, Meimberg founded the travel agency ""Meimberg"" and in 2001, he received the Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille for his achievements as an inventor."
Marilyn Mercer Jones,"Marilyn Mercer Jones (December 19, 1917 – May 22, 2002), better known as Mars Jones, was one of the first female fishermen and captains of the Pacific Northwest. At different times, Jones lived and worked in Seattle, Bainbridge Island, Neah Bay, and Port Angeles. As of 1955, Jones was the first woman in the Neah Bay area to obtain a Coast Guard license, and two years later, she became one of the few women licensed to operate a six-passenger boat. In 1972, she was one of two Port Angeles female skippers, and the only female charter skipper with a third class radio-operator's license. As of 1989, Jones was one of two or three charter skippers in Port Angeles and one of eight or nine in Neah Bay. At the time, Jones was referred to in media as the ""lady skipper"" or ""lady captain.""
Early in her career, Mars Jones worked as a singer in her husband Gaylord's jazz band. The two shared sportfishing as a hobby. Later, the couple seized the opportunity to earn more money as fishermen. They combined music and fishing for some time, but later dedicated their full attention to fishing. In 1948, they entered commercial fishing with a small boat running close to shore. As their income increased, the couple bought a larger boat and entered the charter boat business in 1952, providing services to other fishermen. Mars assisted Gaylord for three years, sometimes serving as skipper. In 1955, she started to run charter boats around Neah Bay on her own. Soon after that, she got her licenses and officially became a skipper. For about five years, Jones ran different boats for several employers, until in 1958 she bought the first boat she owned by herself. In 1969, she got her second boat, Satin Doll–the first fiberglass boat, and one of the biggest charter boats, in the Port Angeles harbor at the time.
From 1962 until at least 1989, Mars and Gaylord Jones successfully conducted businesses in Neah Bay and Port Angeles. Mars fully managed the chartering activities, occasionally operating sightseeing trips. Alongside their own business, the Joneses sometimes worked under the management of the Big Salmon Resort in Neah Bay. Among their clientele was Eddie Bauer, noted American outdoorsman, inventor, author, and businessman.
From 1958 to 1989, Jones owned and operated four different boats and sometimes ran other owners' boats. She had earned commercial and bottomfish licenses for vessels of different capacity. Jones worked until at least 1989. She endured gender discrimination, but became highly esteemed by her colleagues and clientele in the marine circles of Port Angeles and Neah Bay. Her son, son-in-law, and sometimes granddaughter also engaged occasionally in fishing, boat charters, and skin-diving charters.
Jones was a member of the Washington State Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessel Association. She helped organize the Charter Boat Association in Port Angeles, a body that helped to pass certain marine regulations. For a period of time, she served as its secretary-treasurer."
Frank Moore (tourism advocate),"Sir Frank Thomas Moore AO (born 29 November 1930) is an Australian businessman noted for his long-term promotion of the Australian tourism industry, particularly in Queensland."
Bill Mullahey,"William Justin Mullahey (1909 – April 15, 1981) was an American airline executive who was a long-time employee of Pan American Airways, helping the company expand its presence across the Pacific. He also played a large role in developing tourism throughout the Pacific Islands, including leading the development of the Pacific Asia Travel Association."
Chiamaka Obuekwe,"Chiamaka Obuekwe  (listen) is a Nigerian co-founder and CEO of Social Prefect Tours (which began in 2015 through her blog), an African tourism company which seeks to connect people across the continent through tour guides within Africa, school excursions, group tours and corporate retreats."
Damrong Puttan,"Damrong Puttan (Thai: ดำรง พุฒตาล; born May 31, 1944, in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya –) is a Thai television host, radio presenter, a publisher of popular bi-weekly magazine, and senator.
Damrong is widely known as the host of several television programs for decades in the Thai mass communication industry."
Bruce Stanton,"Ronald Bruce Stanton (born December 20, 1957) is a retired Canadian politician who served as Member of Parliament for the riding of Simcoe North from 2006 to 2021. Stanton first ran as a member of the Conservative Party in the 2006 federal election and won with 40.44% of the vote. He was re-elected in 2008, obtaining 49.7% of the vote. He won again in 2011 with 54.44% of the vote. He was re-elected again in the 2015 federal election. He was named the 49th Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons on December 4, 2015, serving in this position in the 42nd Canadian Parliament and 43rd Canadian Parliament. When the speaker is absent from the House of Commons, the Deputy Speaker is vested with the powers of the Speaker.
Born in Orillia, Ontario, Canada, Stanton ran a family tourism business on Sparrow Lake that had been founded in 1884. He served as a board member of Resorts Ontario, Tourism Ontario, the Board of the Tourism Association of Canada, and the Huronia Tourist Association. For four years, he was a member of the Severn Township municipal council.
On June 25, 2020, Stanton announced that he would not seek re-election for a sixth term as Simcoe North's Member of Parliament in the 2021 Canadian federal election. He was succeeded by Adam Chambers of the Conservative Party."
"Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet","Roy Herbert Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet,  (5 June 1894 – 4 August 1976) was a Canadian-born British newspaper proprietor who became one of the moguls of Fleet Street in London.He first came to prominence when he was selling radios in Ontario, and to give his customers more programmes to listen to, decided to launch his own radio station. He then moved into newspapers, becoming as wealthy and important in Canada as the press barons in the United Kingdom. He aspired to a peerage but was denied it unless he moved residence to the UK. He invited British newspaper owners to sell to him, the first doing so being The Scotsman and he soon formed a commercial television company which gained the first ITV franchise in Scotland, the Scottish Television, today known as STV, which is also nowadays the last ITV franchise not to be owned by ITV plc. From the substantial profits of commercial television, he bought many titles such as The Times and Kemsley's Newspapers which published The Sunday Times; both of these are nowadays owned by News UK, a division of News Corp."
Besim Tibuk,"Besim Tibuk (born 14 April 1945 in Fındıklı) is a Turkish businessman and former politician. He is the chairman of the board of directory of Net Holding, and the founder and the ex-chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
He was born in 1945 at Arılı village of Fındıklı district of Rize as the child of a family of Laz origin. He completed his primary education in Murgul and secondary education in Kars, Artvin, and İzmit. He went to the United States with 1962–1963 AFS scholarship. He finished his high school education in the US. In 1968, he graduated from Ankara University, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Diplomacy (now Ankara University, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of International Relations). He worked at the State Institute of Statistics between 1964 and 1967. In 1971–1972, he completed his master's degree in the Business Administration Specialization Program at the Institute of Business Economics of Istanbul University."
Juan Trippe,"Juan Terry Trippe (June 27, 1899 – April 3, 1981) was an American commercial aviation pioneer, entrepreneur and the founder of Pan American World Airways, one of the iconic airlines of the 20th century.  He was involved in the introduction of the Sikorsky S-42, which opened trans-Pacific airline travel, the Boeing 307 Stratoliner which introduced cabin pressurization to airline operations, the Boeing 707 which started a new era in low cost jet transportation, and the Boeing 747 jumbo jets. Trippe's signing of the 747 contract coincided with the 50th anniversary of Boeing.

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Peter Wong Man-kong,Peter Wong Man-kong  (Chinese: 王敏剛; pinyin: Wáng Mǐngāng; 9 January 1949 – 11 March 2019) was a politician and businessman from Hong Kong.
Vinod Kumar Yadav,"Vinod Kumar Yadav (born 1 January 1960) is the Administrator of Delhi Gymkhana Club Limited and is the Ex Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Railway Board, Indian Railways. He previously served as the General Manager for South Central Railway zone of Indian Railways and held various other important assignments in  the Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited and in the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. He is from Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers (IRSEE) – 1980 batch."
Tour guide,"A tour guide (U.S.) or a tourist guide (European) is a person who provides assistance, information on cultural, historical and contemporary heritage to people on organized sightseeing and individual clients at educational establishments, religious and historical sites such as; museums, and at various venues of tourist attraction resorts. Tour guides also take clients on outdoor guided trips. These trips include hiking, whitewater rafting, mountaineering, alpine climbing, rock climbing, ski and snowboarding in the backcountry, fishing, and biking."
Aziz Abu Sarah,"Aziz Abu Sarah (Arabic: عزيز ابو سارة, Hebrew: עזיז אבו סארה; b. 1980) is a Palestinian peace activist, journalist, social entrepreneur and politician.
After watching his brother die of internal injuries subsequent to being released from an Israeli jail following a year-long detention for stone throwing, Abu Sarah first turned to anti-Israel political writing. After high school, he learned Hebrew and joined an Israeli-Palestinian families bereavement organization, and began lecturing against violent activism in schools.
Abu Sarah co-founded the alternative tour company Mejdi with his Jewish friend Scott Cooper, which gives different perspectives on any given point of interest to tourists in various multi-cultural locales. He later received recognition for his conflict resolution work in such disparate places as Colombia and Afghanistan. He has advocated for better political representation and living conditions for Palestinian residents of East Jerusalem through his association with political advisor Gershon Baskin."
Blindfolded tourism,"Blindfolded tourism (also cecitourism) is a form of experimental travel, consisting of a guided tour in which the tourist is blindfolded while being talked through the visited areas, as opposed to traditional sightseeing. A blind tour is a different experience owing to the absence of one vital sense, sight, thereby stimulating the other relevant senses, namely hearing, feel and smell. The concept has been related to that of the dark restaurant, where there is no light for diners to see what they eat.A ""blindfold tour"" to savour the smells of the City of London was proposed as far back as 1970. More recently, blindfolded tours have been offered in a range of mainly urban locations, including tours of Prague Castle, Tirana in Albania, Vancouver, and the Alfama quarter of Lisbon. The German artist Christian Jankowski has undertaken two blind tours: one in Dubai and one in Montevideo, where he led a group of blindfolded journalists.In some cases a blind tour may involve offering the tourist a video of their tour following completion of the tour."
Blue Badge tourist guide,The Blue Badge tourist guide is a guide who has been certified as a qualified and accredited guide for tourists in the United Kingdom.
Ior Bock,"Ior Bock (Swedish: [ˈiːɔr ˈbɔkː]; originally Bror Holger Svedlin; 17 January 1942 – 23 October 2010) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish tour guide, actor, mythologist and eccentric. Bock was a colourful media personality and became a very popular tour guide at the island fortress of Suomenlinna, where he worked from 1973 to 1998.
In 1984, Bock raised public interest and discussion when he claimed that his family line (Boxström) had been keepers of an ancient folklore tradition that provides insight into the pagan culture of Finland, including hitherto unknown autofellatio exercises connected to old fertility rites. These stories are often known as the Bock saga. His eccentric philosophical and mythological theories gained an outstandingly large international following."
Sedat Bornovalı,"Sedat Bornovalı (born 31 May 1970 in Istanbul) is an art historian (PhD), interpreter and  professional tourist guide in Italian, English and Turkish.
As an art historian, Dr. Bornovali has contributed to several publications and projects. As a tour guide and interpreter he has served several religious leaders, including Pope Benedict XVI, the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, as well as several statesmen, including Presidents Giorgio Napolitano, Abdullah Gül and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.Dr. Bornovali is also coordinating the restoration and renovation of the Istanbul Italian Society’s Garibaldi House (Società Operaia Italiana di Mutuo Soccorso) in Beyoğlu."
Humphry Bowen,"Humphry John Moule Bowen (22 June 1929 – 9 August 2001) was a British botanist and chemist.

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Marion Brash,"Marion Brash (March 27, 1931 – January 10, 2022) was an American actress known for her work in television and cinema."
Allan Brigham,"Allan Brigham (1951–2020) was a British road sweeper, historian, and tour guide.
His historical writing includes Bringing It All Back Home (2006), a report published by the Chartered Institute of Housing, lamenting the  decline of the Romsey neighbourhood of Cambridge, and his many contributions as a founder member of the Mill Road History Project, funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund in 2013. 
His honours include a Tidy Britain Group Silver Broom award and an honorary degree from the University of Cambridge."
Michelle Browder,"Michelle Browder (born 1971) is an American artist and activist known for her sculptures in Montgomery, Alabama, and historical tours of the area."
Carlos Celdran,"John Charles Edward ""Carlos"" Pamintuan Celdran (November 10, 1972 – October 8, 2019) was a Filipino artist, tour guide, segment TV host and cultural activist. He was known for ""Walk This Way"", a guided tour of the Manila districts of Intramuros, Binondo, and Quiapo using a combination of music, visuals, and history lectures to immerse tourists into what was life like during the Spanish and American colonization periods of the Philippines. He was also known for engaging in a controversial protest, known colloquially as his ""Damaso stunt"", in the Manila Cathedral in September 2010, leading to his arrest for ""offending religious feelings"" as per Article 133 of the Revised Penal Code. In January 2019, the conviction forced Celdran to go on self-exile in Madrid, Spain, where he died of cardiac arrest on October 8 of that year."
Rosalind Chao,"Rosalind Chao (Chinese: 趙家玲; born September 23, 1957) is an American actress. Chao's best-known roles have been Soon-Lee Klinger in the mid-1980s CBS show AfterMASH, Rose Hsu Jordan in the 1993 movie The Joy Luck Club, the recurring character Keiko O'Brien on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine in the 1990s, and Dr. Kim on The O.C. in 2003. She also played Hua Li, Mulan’s mother, in the live-action 2020 remake of Mulan."
Cicerone,"Cicerone ( CHITCH-ə-ROH-nee, SISS-) is an old term for a guide who conducts visitors and sightseers to museums, galleries, etc., and explains matters of archaeological, antiquarian, historic or artistic interest. The word is presumably taken from Marcus Tullius Cicero, as a type of learning and eloquence. The Oxford English Dictionary finds recorded examples of the use earlier in English than Italian, the earliest quotation being from Joseph Addison's Dialogue on Medals (published posthumously 1726). It appears that the word was first applied to learned antiquarians who showed and explained to foreigners the antiquities and curiosities of the country (quotation of 1762 in the New English Dictionary).""The Cicerones"", a short story by Robert Aickman (turned into a 2002 short film), uses the idea of cicerones as people who conduct visitors and sightseers as a metaphor in a tale about a man who is guided to his doom by various characters in a cathedral.In his travel book William Lithgow (1632) pointed out the usefulness of the tourist guides (cicerones) ""To be briefe, I saw the decayed house of worthy Cicero, the high Capitoll, the Pallace of cruell Nero, the Statues of Marcus Aurelius, Alexander, and his horse Bucephalus."" (Ι.16)"
Troy Collings,"Troy Michael Collings (1986 or 1987 – February or March 2020) was a New Zealand businessman and tour guide. In 2008, he co-founded Young Pioneer Tours, a company known for specialising in low-cost tours of North Korea and other remote places."
Hope Cooke,"Hope Cooke (born June 24, 1940) was the Gyalmo (Tibetan: རྒྱལ་མོ་, Wylie: rgyal mo) (Queen Consort) of the 12th Chogyal (King) of Sikkim, Palden Thondup Namgyal. Their wedding took place in March 1963. She was termed Her Highness The Crown Princess of Sikkim and became the Gyalmo of Sikkim at Palden Thondup Namgyal's coronation in 1965.Palden Thondup Namgyal eventually was the last king of Sikkim as a protectorate state under India. By 1973, both the country and their marriage were crumbling; soon Sikkim was merged into India. Five months after the takeover of Sikkim had begun, Cooke returned to the United States with her two children and stepdaughter to enroll them in schools in New York City. Cooke and her husband divorced in 1980; Namgyal died of cancer in 1982.Cooke wrote an autobiography, Time Change (Simon & Schuster 1981) and began a career as a lecturer, book critic, and magazine contributor, later becoming an urban historian. In her new life as a student of New York City, Cooke published Seeing New York (Temple University Press 1995); worked as a newspaper columnist (Daily News); and taught at Yale University, Sarah Lawrence College, and Birch Wathen, a New York City private school."
Edmund Cotter,"Edmund McCarthny (Ed) Cotter (15 January 1927 – 19 October 2017) was a New Zealand mountaineer who made several first ascents on the West Coast of New Zealand and was part of the team that first climbed the Maximilian Ridge on Mount Elie de Beaumont in 1951.Cotter was a member of the 1951 New Zealand expedition to the Garhwal Himalaya, with Edmund Hillary, George Lowe and Earle Riddiford."
Frank Cullotta,"Frank John Cullotta (December 14, 1938 – August 20, 2020) was an American mobster in the Chicago Outfit and a member of the Hole in the Wall Gang burglary ring in Las Vegas with friend and mobster Tony Spilotro. After his arrest in 1982, he became a government witness and entered the witness protection program. Cullotta later became an author and a tour guide. 
He died on August 20, 2020, from complications related to COVID-19."
R. H. C. Davis,"Ralph Henry Carless Davis (7 October 1918 – 12 March 1991) was a British historian and educator specialising in the European Middle Ages.  Davis was born and died in Oxford. He was a leading exponent of strict documentary analysis and interpretation, was keenly interested in architecture and art in history, and was successful at communicating to the public and as a teacher."
Rangitīaria Dennan,"Rangitīaria Dennan  (née Ratema; 14 July 1897 – 13 August 1970), known as Guide Rangi, was a New Zealand tribal leader, teacher and tourist guide. Of Māori descent, she identified with the Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Tarāwhai, Te Arawa and Tūhourangi iwi. A granddaughter of Tene Waitere, she was born in Ngāpuna, near Rotorua, New Zealand. She attended Hukarere Native School for Girls.
In the 1957 New Year Honours she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for services to the tourist movement. In 1949 she was appointed a Serving Sister of the Order of St John for her services to St John."
William Dickson (Northern Ireland politician),"William Dickson (born 1947), known as Billy Dickson, is a unionist politician in Northern Ireland."
Jan Howard Finder,"Jan Howard Finder (March 2, 1939 – February 26, 2013) was an American academic administrator, career counselor, science fiction writer, filker, hostelling tour guide, cosplayer, and fan. He was a guest of honor at the 1993 Worldcon, ConFrancisco. As a personal affectation, he often spelled his name in all lower case letters, jan howard finder. (His last name is pronounced finn-der.)"
Richard Fowler (naturalist),"Richard ""Aukcoo"" Fowler (1948–2016) was an American wilderness guide, naturalist, and former U.S. Army Ranger based in Iquitos, a city in the Peruvian Amazon."
Lee Gelber,"Lee Peter Gelber (February 8, 1938 – January 19, 2020) was an American tour guide and urban historian whose primary expertise was New York City and its environs."
Yehudah Glick,"Yehudah Joshua Glick (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ גְלִיק; born 20 November 1965), alternatively spelled ""Yehuda Glick"", is an American-born Israeli Orthodox rabbi, activist, and politician. As the President of Shalom Jerusalem Foundation, he campaigns for expanding Jewish access to the Temple Mount. He was a member of the Knesset for Likud, having taken the place of former Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon in May 2016 until April 2019.
Glick is the leader of HaLiba, a coalition of groups dedicated to ""reaching complete and comprehensive freedom and civil rights for Jews on the Temple Mount"".Glick was awarded the 2015 Moskowitz Prize for Zionism for being ""Active for human rights and religious freedom on Jerusalem's Temple Mount"". He also has been referred as a ""right-wing"" Israeli activist. On 29 October 2014, Glick survived an assassination attempt by Mutaz Hijazi, a member of Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine."
Joel Greenberg (historian),"Joel Greenberg (born 1946) is an educational technology consultant and historian on the role of Bletchley Park in World War II.
Greenberg gained a PhD degree in numerical mathematics from the University of Manchester (UMIST) in 1973. For over 33 years, he worked for the Open University and held a number of director-level management positions. He lectures and writes about Bletchley Park and its role in World War II. He also conducts tours of the site. He is author of biographies about Gordon Welchman, a key figure at Bletchley Park during WWII, and Alastair Denniston, the first operational head of GCHQ. In 2017, he contributed a chapter to The Turing Guide on the German WWII Enigma machine."
Nigel Hankin,"Nigel Bathurst Hankin (1920–2007) was brought up by his grandmother in Bexhill, Sussex. He was sent to Burma during late World War II but the war ended around the time he reached Bombay, India (now Mumbai, India). He liked the bustle of the Indian Subcontinent (Delhi, India in particular) and consequently he lived there for the rest of his life.
One of his early formative experiences was watching the crowds at the funeral for Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi while he still wore the uniform of the newly defunct British Raj just after the formal Partition of India. His subsequent eclectic activities in India included running a mobile cinema. Later he worked for the British High Commission and during his tenure there he helped newcomers to India interpret the local mores and lingo. In 1992 he formally compiled his know-how into the book """"Hanklyn-Janklin"""" which became well known to locals and foreigners to the Subcontinent alike.  This cross cultural dictionary is what he is most well known for and many critics compare it to the 19th Century book Hobson-Jobson.Hankin never married, had no children and kept English traits such as eating an ""English Breakfast"" that included cornflakes. He also gave tours of Delhi which were highly sought after but hard to book. They featured sights such as hidden bazaars and Hankin's walk and talk through Coronation Park. His brother and other relatives occasionally visited him in India before his death at age 87."
Louise Jensen (murder victim),
Rama Khandwala,"Rama Satyendra Khandwala (née Mehta, 3 December 1926 – 28 October 2021) was India's oldest tour guide and was the oldest living member of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, formed by Subhas Chandra Bose during India's freedom movement."
Ryszard Kotla,"Ryszard Kotla (born 30 March 1947, in Szczecin, Poland) is a Polish travel writer, tour guide, activist, journalist, academic teacher and lifeguard instructor at the Polish Life Saving Association. While he is an electrical engineer by education, he is considered to be a leading expert on history and tourism in Szczecin and the greater region of Western Pomerania. He is the brother of Zdzislaw Kotla and the father of Pavel Kotla.
Kotla is a graduate of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at Szczecin University of Technology (1974), post-graduate engineering courses at Poznan University of Technology (1981) and Gdańsk University of Technology (1982), as well as museum and antique preservation studies at Wroclaw University of Technology (1990). He also studied at the French Institute of Management Studies (École Centrale Paris/Szczecin University - 1996).
He was the president of the West-Pomeranian Division and a member of the General Council of Polish Tourist-Sightseeing Society (PTTK); a member of the managing board of the West-Pomeranian Chamber of Tourism; the president of the State Examination Commission for the Tourist Guides of West Pomeranian Voivodeship; a member of the State Examination Commission for the Tour Supervisors and of the West-Pomeranian Tourist Council of West Pomeranian Voivodeship. An academic teacher at Szczecin University, Szczecin University of Agriculture, The West Pomeranian Business School, Szczecin Educational Centre; a journalist at TVP3 Szczecin and Polish Radio Szczecin; co-author of The Strategy of the Development of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship until year 2015; the author of The Opportunities for the Development of Tourism in Szczecin, The Tourist Policy in Szczecin etc.; the author of over 20 guide books, albums, folders, information leaflets about Szczecin and Western Pomerania; a member of the Polish Association of Art Historians and the Polish Association for the History of Technology."
Timothy Levitch,"Timothy ""Speed"" Levitch (; born July 9, 1970) is an American actor, tour guide, poet, speaker, philosopher, author and voice actor.  The name ""Speed"" was given to him by a childhood friend in high school. Levitch has appeared in multiple films and has had poetic and philosophical works published in books and periodicals."
Malaysian Tourist Guides Council,"The Malaysian Tourist Guides Council (MTGC) is a professional guild of Malaysian tour guides.
MTGSC is responsible for the education, licensing, coordination and welfare of tourist guides in Malaysia. It was officially registered on 28 June 1976."
David E. Mark,"David Everett Mark (November 15, 1923 – September 17, 2005) was a Career Minister in the United States Foreign Service.Born in New York City to Leslie Mark (ne Lazarus Macht) and Lena Tyor Mark, Mark graduated from Columbia University, and while serving in the Army Air Corps during World War II, he completed his studies at Columbia Law School. He joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1946, serving first in South Korea, Germany, Finland, Romania and Moscow in the 1950s.
Mark met his wife, Elisabeth Ann Lewis, in Moscow in 1958 where she headed the Anglo-American school. They married in Washington, D.C. in 1959, and moved to Geneva, Switzerland where Mark joined the delegation to the Test Ban Treaty negotiations. 1963-1964 he attended the Harvard International Seminar run by Henry Kissinger.In the early 1960s, Mark served in various capacities in INR at the U.S. State Department until his appointment as United States Ambassador to Burundi from 1974 to 1977.  From 1979 to 1981 he served again at the State Department as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State. After retirement from government in 1981, he consulted on international affairs for ALCOA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Mark spoke fluent Russian, German, and French, and was conversant in Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and Japanese. With the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1989 and the dearth of Russian linguists, Mark was asked to help establish the American Embassy in the former Soviet Republic of Georgia. He returned to Tbilisi in 1992 to participate in helping the Georgians write their Constitution.
During the 1990s until his death, Mark was an active member of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York City. He volunteered every week for nine years as a guide and translator for Big Apple Greeters of New York. He worked full-time as a licensed New York City tour guide for Gray Line/CoachUSA. When he was not volunteering and touring on the Gray Line bus tours, Mark taught a variety of courses as an adjunct professor of global affairs at New York University.
Ambassador Mark died in a car accident in 2005 at age 81."
Martine de Souza (tour guide),Martine de Souza is a Beninese tour guide. She is a member of the De Souza family.
Alvin McDonald,"Alvin Frank McDonald (1873 – December 15, 1893) was an early American caver and tour guide at what became Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota, the sixth-longest cave system in the world, from 1889 to 1893.From the age of 16 until his death at the age of 20, McDonald discovered and mapped the first 8 to 10 miles (13 to 16 km) of Wind Cave using candlelight. His exploration and mapping was so extensive and thorough for the time that it was not until 1963, 70 years after his death, that major new passageways were discovered in Wind Cave."
Bubbles Mihinui,"Dorothy Huhana ""Bubbles"" Mihinui  (née Sewell; 20 December 1919 – 26 June 2006), also known as Guide Bubbles, was a New Zealand tourist guide and community leader. She became chief guide at Whakarewarewa in 1970, following the death of Guide Rangi.

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Francis Morrone,"Francis Morrone (born 12 May 1958) is an American architectural historian of Irish and Italian ancestry, originally from Chicago, known for his work on the built history of New York City.Morrone's essays on architecture have appeared in The Wall Street Journal, City Journal, American Arts Quarterly, the New Criterion, Humanities, and The New York Times.  He was a columnist for the New York Sun for six and a half years (2002-2008). In April 2011, Travel + Leisure named him as one of the 13 best tour guides in the world. Morrone was a 2012 recipient of the Arthur Ross Award from the Institute of Classical Architecture and Art, and a 2016 recipient of the Landmarks Lion Award from the Historic Districts Council. He teaches at New York University and is an authority on Edith Wharton. He is married to Patricia Rainsford and lives in Park Slope, Brooklyn."
Marcin Mortka,"Marcin Mortka (born 5 April 1976) is a fantasy, historical fiction, children's literature, and young adult fiction author, writing in Polish language. He is also English language translator, and a teacher of English and Norwegian languages."
Nawat Itsaragrisil,"Nawat Itsaragrisil (Thai: ณวัฒน์ อิสรไกรศีล) is a Thai media personality and businessperson, best known as the president of Miss Grand International organization.
Nawat first became known for travel TV shows, first hosting Exhibition Show and then Kon Thueng Chan (ก่อนถึงจันทร์) for ITV. He then joined Channel 3, hosting the travel segment variety talk show Today Show and becoming the director and executive producer of the Miss Thailand World beauty pageant from 2007 to 2012. He started his own beauty pageant franchise, Miss Grand International in 2013."
Bernardita Ramos,"Maria Bernardita ""Ditas"" Bañares Ramos (February 17, 1944 – September 8, 2020) was a Filipina high school teacher, travel agent and legislator from Sorsogon, Philippines. She served in the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing Sorsogon's 2nd congressional district in the 18th Congress from 2019 until her death in 2020. She was the youngest sister of three-term Sorsogon representative Deogracias B. Ramos Jr."
David Rattray,"David Grey Rattray (6 September 1958 – 26 January 2007) was a South African historian of the 1879 Anglo-Zulu war in South Africa, also well known as a tour guide."
Alec Ross (tour guide),"Alec Donald Ross OAM (6 April 1936 – 30 March 2017) was an Australian tour guide, member of the stolen generation and custodian of the story of the Alice Springs Telegraph Station in the Northern Territory of Australia."
Janek Rubeš,"Janek (Jan) Rubeš (born December 24th, 1987) is a Czech reporter, documentarist, vlogger and director. He is mainly known for the YouTube channel Honest Guide, which he runs with his friend and cameraman Honza Mikulka. The channel provides tips for tourists, including tips on how to avoid tourist traps and scams in many cities, mainly Prague.In 2016 the Czech edition of Forbes featured Rubeš in their 30 under 30 list: 30 of the most talented Czechs under 30 years old. In 2019, he won the Novinářská křepelka (Journalist Quail, awarded to young journalists under the Cena Karla Havlíčka Borovského award of Karel Havlíček Borovský) for his investigative and brave journalism. The British newspaper The Independent named him and Honza Mikulka ""the patron saints of Prague tourism""."
San Francisco City Guides,"San Francisco City Guides (SFCG) is a non-profit organization that offers over 90 different walking tours of San Francisco presented by trained, volunteer guides. San Francisco City Guides was founded in 1978 as a program of the San Francisco Public Library (SFPL) and the San Francisco Parks Alliance. Tours are offered daily, regardless of weather. Reservations are accepted  for groups of eight or more, as well as for special date or time requests."
Brendan Sheerin,"Brendan Sheerin (born 23 February 1959) is a British International Tour Guide, television personality, pantomime actor and author, who appeared on the reality TV show Coach Trip on Channel 4."
Maurice Sixto,"Maurice Alfrédo Sixto (May 23, 1919, Gonaïves, Haiti – May 12, 1984, Philadelphia, USA) was a pioneer of a Haitian oral literary genre known as Lodyans, and distributed his works widely through the audio technology of his time, including LP's and cassettes . To this day Sixto remains the best known author in the genre. He was also a professor, ambassador, translator, and tour guide.
The son of an engineer, Maurice Alfredo Sixto and Maria Bourand, he attended St Louis de Gonzague in Port-au-Prince for his secondary studies. Upon graduation he attended l'Academie Militaire where he remained for only three months. He eventually studied law at the Faculte de Droit from 1945–1948 while working for Radio HHBM (now MBC).
Sixto is remembered in Haitian culture for his contributions to oral literature. His ability to use rich, descriptive, and iconic Haitian Creole idioms and expressions create a narrative that displays the true face of Haitian culture.
Sixto prefaces every story with Regards sur choses et gens entendu (Regarding Things Seen and People Heard).
In 2018, Sixto, his work and legacy were the subject of an academic colloquium in Port-au-Prince.Sixto's influences in the Lodyans genre include Justin Lhérisson while his successors include Charlot Lucien.

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Lisle Snell,"Lisle Denis Snell is a Norfolk Island politician, who from 20 March 2013 until 17 June 2015 was the final Chief Minister of Norfolk Island. He also served as Minister for Tourism. Both offices were abolished, along with the Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly in 2015 by the Government of Australia.
Snell is a Pitcairn descendant. In 2013 he stated he believed Norfolk Island could become Independent of Australia.Before entering politics, Snell was a tour guide."
Peter F. Sullivan,"Peter F. Sullivan (June 29, 1869 – May 21, 1931) was an American politician who served as mayor of Worcester, Massachusetts, and was a member of the Massachusetts General Court."
Gladys Quander Tancil,Gladys Quander Tancil (1921–2002) was the first African American to work as a historical interpreter at George Washington's Mount Vernon who worked to improve the interpretation surrounding the people that Washington enslaved.
Uncomfortable Oxford,"Uncomfortable Oxford is a social enterprise and tour guide organisation operating in the city of Oxford, England. Founded in 2018 by Oxford University DPhil history students, the goal of the tours was to highlight the history of imperialism, gender and class inequalities within the city. The organisation also creates podcasts, blog articles, runs workshops and outreach programs, and hosts public lectures. In 2019 Uncomfortable Oxford received a High Commendation from the Vice Chancellor's Social Impact Awards for ""exceptional achievement and commitment to positive social change"", for which it was awarded with funding from the AHRC-TORCH which was awarded by The Oxford Centre for the Research in the Humanities.In 2022 a new branch was founded in Cambridge called Uncomfortable Cambridge."
Jean Valentine (bombe operator),"Jean Millar Valentine, later Jean Millar Rooke (7 July 1924 – 17 May 2019) was an operator of the bombe decryption device in Hut 11 at Bletchley Park in England, designed by Alan Turing and others during World War II. She was a member of the ""Wrens"" (Women's Royal Naval Service, WRNS)."
Şerif Yenen,"Şerif Yenen (born 17 May 1963) is a Turkish travel specialist, tour guide, travel writer, film-maker, international keynote speaker and lecturer. He wrote Turkish Odyssey in English, the “first guidebook of Turkey ever written by a Turk”.Yenen gives lectures about travel and Turkish history and culture, the majority of which are in academic communities. His guidebooks are used as textbooks or are on suggested reading lists at various universities, and his articles and columns are published in international magazines and national newspapers."
Walter Zanger,"Walter Zanger (Hebrew: וולטר זנגר; 1925–2015), was an American-born Israeli author, tour guide and television personality. He was a contributor to newspapers, encyclopedias and magazines, and served as a member of the editorial board of the Jewish Bible Society."
Rex Ziak,"Rex Ziak (pronounced ""zeek"") is a writer, historian, tour guide, and documentarian, who lives in Naselle, Washington, United States. Known for his Lewis and Clark studies, he is the author of In Full View. After careful study of the expedition's journals and of the geography of the Columbia River estuary, Ziak discovered the previously unknown fact that from November 7, 1805 to December 6, the Lewis and Clark expedition stayed in what is now Pacific County, along the Long Beach Peninsula. This finding took six years for Ziak to piece together, using the comments in the expedition's journals to find the locations the explorers stopped at on their trip. A controversy arose between Oregon, long considered the end of the expedition, and Washington's historians over Ziak's findings, with many historians in Washington and elsewhere supporting his discovery and many in Oregon opposing it. In 1999, soon after his announcement, Ziak and David Nicandri, director of the Washington State Historical Society, began petitioning to give the newly found ending location, a camping spot called Station Camp, National Landmark Status. In addition, that year, US Representative Brian Baird had an amendment passed that changed the ""federal designation of the Lewis and CLark National Historic Trail as ending not in Oregon but in Oregon and Washington.""In 2004, Ziak testified before Congress in support of the Lewis and Clark National Historical Park.
The next year he published a fold-out map and guide to the route taken by the expedition.As a documentarian and cinematographer, his work under assignment from ABC Television received an Emmy in 1993 for cinematography in the documentary Tall Ship: High Sea Adventure. He was also involved in the filming of the 2003 Discovery Channel documentary, Marine Corps Survival School, where Ziak had to film at ""high altitudes and in low temperatures"" in the Sierra Nevada. As a local activist and regional historian, he has served as a consultant to the City of Long Beach and as a board member of the Pacific County Friends of Lewis and Clark. Ziak has also run unsuccessfully for local political office."
Tourism minister,"The Minister of Tourism is the head of the governmental department that specializes in tourism, recreation and/or culture.
The position exists in many different countries under several names:

Ministry of Tourism and Environment (Albania)
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Argentina)
Minister for Tourism (Australia)
Minister for Tourism, Major Events, Hospitality and Racing (New South Wales)
Minister for Tourism (Western Australia)
Ministry of Tourism (Brazil)
Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism (Brunei)
Bahamas Ministry of Tourism
Minister of Tourism (Canada)
Ministry of Tourism and Recreation (Ontario) (former ministry)
Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Ontario)
Ministry of Tourism (Croatia)
Minister of Tourism (France)
Minister of Tourism (Greece)
Commissioner for Tourism (Hong Kong)
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Iceland)
Ministry of Tourism (India)
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Indonesia)
Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism (Iran)
Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media (Ireland)
Ministry of Tourism (Lebanon)
Minister of Tourism (Malaysia)
Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar)
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan)
Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Tourism (Peru)
Department of Tourism (Philippines)
Tourism Minister of Israel
Ministry of Tourism (Mauritius)
Minister of Tourism (New Zealand)
Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Ministry of Tourism (Pakistan)
Department of Tourism (South Africa)
Ministry of Tourism (Syria)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (Tanzania)
Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand)
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)
Minister for Tourism and Heritage (United Kingdom)
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism (United Kingdom)
United States Department of Commerce
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)
Ministry of Tourism and Arts (Zambia)
Ministry of Tourism (Zimbabwe)"
Aziz Abduhakimov,"Aziz Abdukhakimov (Uzbek: Aziz Abduhakimov; Russian: Азиз Абдукахарович Абдухакимов; born 17, June, 1974) is an Uzbek Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Minister of Tourism and Cultural Heritage."
Matoug Adam,"Matoug Adam (Arabic: معتوق آدم الرقعي‎; 1926 – 2 April 2019) was a Libyan politician, civil servant and poet. He served as the Libyan Minister of Tourism from January 1968 to June 1969. He then served as the last Interior Minister of the Kingdom of Libya from June 1969 to 31 August 1969, when the royal government was overthrown by Muammar Gaddafi.In June 1969, Adam was appointed Interior Minister of Libya. He held the office until 31 August 1969, when the royal government was overthrown during the 1969 Libyan coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi. Adam was arrested and imprisoned in September 1969 by the Gaddafi government. He spent two years in prison before his release.Adam died on 2 April 2019, at the age of 93."
Edmund Bartlett,"Edmund Bartlett is a Jamaican politician who is Member of Parliament for Saint James East Central. He is current Minister of Tourism, having succeeded Wykeham McNeill when the Jamaica Labour Party won the 2016 general elections.
Bartlett, a native of the parish of Westmoreland, Jamaica, was educated at St Elizabeth Technical High School, where he was Head Boy, and the University of the West Indies, Mona, where he studied sociology.
He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2002 and he has served as a minister in Jamaica Labour Party administration since before then. He became the youngest serving  member of parliament in 1980.His wife is Carmen A. Bartlett. They had two children. Their daughter, Lisa, died. Their son Edmund has a family of four: a wife Sarah, son William, and daughter Leia."
Laura Bergt,"Laura Mae Bergt (née Beltz; October 1, 1940 – March 14, 1984) was an Iñupiaq athlete, model, politician, and activist for the Iñupiat and other Indigenous Alaskans. Born in the Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska to bi-racial parents, she grew up in Nome and Kotzebue before attending high school in Sitka. Involved in the Native Olympic movement, she was both a nine-times winner of the Arctic Circle blanket toss event and served as chair of the World Eskimo Indian Olympics in 1966. She worked as a promoter for the new state of Alaska attending trade shows and making marketing appearances as a spokeswoman and guest on radio and television programs. From the 1960s, she worked in various policy positions at the tribal, local, state, and national level to address issues like disability, education, employment opportunities, housing, and poverty, and promoting the rights of Indigenous people.
In 1968, Bergt testified before the United States House of Representatives on the importance of settling Native claims to provide adequate funding for development of programs to address tribal issues and protect Indigenous hunting and fishing rights. Her personal relationship with Vice President Spiro Agnew and her appointment in 1970 to the National Council on Indian Opportunity were pivotal in obtaining passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act in 1971. In 1972, she was appointed by President Richard Nixon to serve on a national policy advisory committee of Indigenous leaders, and in 1975 participated on the 15-member National Health Advisory Committee. She also was commissioner of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board from 1976 to 1978 and was a member of President Gerald Ford's United States Bicentennial Council.
At the state level, Bergt was instrumental in pressing for the creation of schools to teach children with disabilities and preserve Native Arts. She served on various housing and rural development initiatives and chaired the World Eskimo Indian Olympics Committee in 1966 and 1967. She was elected in 1973 to a term on the Borough Assembly of the Fairbanks City Council. The sophomore-junior girls' dormitory at her alma mater, Mt. Edgecumbe High School, is named in her honor and she was the inaugural recipient of the Frank Whaley Award, which recognizes outstanding service to the Eskimo Olympics. In 2015, she was inducted into the Alaska Women's Hall of Fame."
Tonye Briggs-Oniyide,"Tonye Briggs-Oniyide is the current Rivers State Commissioner for Culture and Tourism. She was appointed in 2015 by Governor Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, replacing Nnabuihe Imegwu."
Elias Broomberg,"Elias ""Elly"" Broomberg  (23 December 1915 – 4 November 1977) was a South African-born Rhodesian businessman and politician. Born and raised in Johannesburg, he emigrated to Southern Rhodesia in 1956 and co-founded a textile company in Bulawayo. First elected to Parliament in 1970, he was named Minister of Commerce and Industry by Prime Minister Ian Smith in 1974. Two years later, he was named Minister of Information, Immigration, and Tourism. He chose not to run for reelection in 1977, and after leaving both Parliament and the Cabinet, died the same year.

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"Minister of Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development","The minister of Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development (French: ministre de la Promotion des exportations, du Commerce international et du Développement économique) is a minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The officeholder is one of four ministers who are associated with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, and one of three ministers associated with Global Affairs Canada."
Allen Chastanet,Allen Michael Chastanet (born 20 November 1960) is a Saint Lucian businessman and politician who served as Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 2016 to  2021. He is currently the Opposition Leader of Saint Lucia and the political leader of the United Workers Party as well as the parliamentary representative for Micoud South constituency.
Do Jong-hwan,"Do Jong-hwan (도종환) (born 27 September 1955) is a Korean poet and politician.  He is a member of the South Korean National Assembly and former Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism. He was also the interim president of the Democratic Party from 8 to 16 April 2021."
Minister for Sport and Civil Society,"The Minister for Sport and Civil Society was a junior minister in the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport of the United Kingdom government, with responsibility for sport and Civil Society in England. In 2020, the role merged with that of the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism to become Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism, Heritage and Civil Society.
The post covered sport as well as tourism and heritage. The sports minister has at various times previously reported to the Department of National Heritage, the Department of Education and Science and the Department of the Environment.
Sport is a devolved matter in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland resting with the corresponding ministers in the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive, although when the Northern Ireland Assembly was suspended, responsibility went to the Northern Ireland Office.
Under Margaret Thatcher the office was known as Under-Secretary of State for Sport."
Minister for Tourism and Heritage,"The post of Minister for Tourism and Heritage was a former junior position in the cabinet of the United Kingdom with responsibilities of handling the tourism industry and the heritage and history of England. The Minister of Tourism and Heritage was located within the portfolio of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
The post was at Parliamentary Under Secretary of State level. The former minister of tourism and heritage was John Penrose.
Since the September 2012 reshuffle the responsibilities were split with heritage going to the Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries and the tourism and licensing responsibilities going to the Minister for Sport and Tourism which is now at the Minister of State level.
In 2017, the powers were transferred to a newly formed position: Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism."
Francesco Frangialli,"Francesco Frangialli served as Secretary-General of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, from 1997 to 2009.He is an honorary professor at the School of Hotel and Tourism Management at Hong Kong Polytechnic University."
Quincia Gumbs-Marie,"Quincia Gumbs-Marie is a politician and environmentalist from Anguilla, who was elected in June 2020 representing the Anguilla Progressive Movement to the Government of Anguilla. Her first role in office was as Parliamentary Secretary of Information Technology, Natural Resources, Economic Development and Tourism. The timing meant that she became responsible for developing a strategy for the re-opening of tourism due to COVID-19 in Anguilla. At COP26 she spoke on the work of the Blue Anguilla (BANG) Committee, which works to amplify the role of the blue economy in Anguilla. In July 2022 a new ministry was formed, which Gumbs-Marie leads as Honourable Minister of Sustainability, Innovation and the Environment. She has spoken out on how sustainability and economic development in Anguilla are intrinsically linked."
Derek Hanekom,"Derek Andre Hanekom (born 13 January 1953) is a South African retired politician, activist and former cabinet minister currently serving as the interim Chairman of South African Airways.He is currently serving as a presidential envoy for South Africa mandated to promote investment with a focus on tourism. He was previously Minister of Tourism from 27 February 2018 until 29 May 2019. In his capacity as Minister of Tourism he was responsible for South African Tourism, the official national marketing agency of the South African government, with the goal of promoting Tourism in South Africa both locally and globally.He previously served as Minister of Science and Technology from October 2012 until 2014. He was Deputy Minister of Science and Technology having served under the then-Presidents Kgalema Motlanthe and Thabo Mbeki, and former President Jacob Zuma in May 2009. He has a strong African National Congress (ANC) history having served three years in prison for the work he did for the ANC during apartheid, with his wife Dr. Trish Hanekom who served three years for her involvement.
He is also a former Minister of Agriculture and Land Affairs, having served under the Mandela administration. Hanekom's tenure as Minister of Land Affairs was reflective of his career in the anti-apartheid NGO sector and he was selected by former President Nelson Mandela partly because of his ability as an Afrikaner to negotiate with white landowners. Hanekom's tenure as minister was marked by an affinity for redistribution as opposed to retribution, and rights as opposed to property. Some have cited a strong contrast with his successor in the ministry during the Mbeki administration, Thoko Didiza.
Hanekom was a member of the ANC National Executive Committee from 1994 to 2022 and the NEC deployee to the Western Cape - the only province the ANC does not govern."
Commissioner for Tourism,"The Commissioner for Tourism heads the Tourism Commission of the Hong Kong Government, which reports to Economic Development Branch of the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau. The Travel Agents Registry is part of the commission."
Andrés Izarra,"Andrés Izarra (born 26 May, 1969 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan politician, journalist and former Minister of Tourism of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Previously, he held various positions in the media area and in Venezuelan politics, mainly during the government of President Hugo Chávez."
Fatou Mass Jobe-Njie,Fatou Mass Jobe-Njie is a Gambian politician who served as Minister of Tourism and Culture from 2010 to 2014 and ambassador to Malaysia from 2014 to 2015.
"Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport (Manitoba)","The Minister of Sport, Culture and Heritage (French: Ministre du Sport, de la Culture et du Patrimoine; formerly Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport) is the cabinet position in Manitoba that oversees the Department of Sport, Culture and Heritage. Since January 2023, the Minister has been Obby Khan.Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage—through developing, supporting, promoting, and celebrating the identity and well-being of the province and its communities—manages those government programs and services that support the sport, art, culture, and heritage of Manitoba.The Minister and the Department are responsible for generating sustainable economic growth based on Manitoba's unique qualities and identity; increasing community capacity to improve well-being; enhancing public access to knowledge and information; encouraging, sharing, and making use of the province’s cultural and heritage resources; building Manitoba’s identity and reputation as a hub for artistic opportunity; and supporting Manitoba’s investments in amateur sport and encourage the hosting of regional, national, and international sport events."
Asot Michael,"Asot Michael is an Antiguan politician and a Member of the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda, elected from Saint Peter Constituency. He was also the Minister of Tourism, Economic Development, Investment and Energy under Prime Minister Gaston Browne. He was formerly a member of the Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party.

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"Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture","The Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture has been Tiong King Sing since 3 December 2022. The minister is supported by Deputy Minister of Tourism. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture."
Ministry of Tourism (Syria),The Ministry of Tourism is a department of the government of Syria.
Victoire Ndikumana,"Victoire Ndikumana (born 1957) is a Burundian politician for the UPRONA party. She was Minister of Women's Advancement and Social Protection from 1991 to 1993, and Minister of Trade, Industry, Posts and Tourism from 2010 to 2014."
Marie-Rose Nizigiyimana,"Marie-Rose Nizigiyimana (born 1966) is a Burundian politician. She held the post of Minister of Trade, Industry, Post and Tourism in the government of President Pierre Nkurunziza from 18 February 2014 until she was fired on 18 May 2015."
"Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism and Civil Society","The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Tourism and Civil Society is a junior position in the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport in the British government. It is currently held by Stuart Andrew who took the office on 27 October 2022. The position was created by the Second May ministry after the 2017 general election. The role is a successor of the Minister for Tourism and Heritage which was abolished in 2012 after the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The position gained the portfolio of the former Minister for Sport and Civil Society in 2020."
María Amalia Revelo,María Amalia Revelo Raventós (18 August 1955 – 14 May 2021) was a Costa Rican businesswoman and government minister. She served as Minister of Tourism from 2018 to 2020 and led the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo.
"Cabinet Secretary for Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy","The Cabinet Secretary for Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy (Scottish Gaelic: Rùnaire a’ Chaibineit airson Eaconamaidh, Obair Chothromach agus Lùth), commonly referred to as the Wellbeing Economy Secretary (Scottish Gaelic: Rùnaire na h-Eaconamaidh), is a Scottish Government Cabinet position with responsibility for the economy of Scotland. The role in it current form is effectively a recreation of the former position of Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Jobs and Fair Work.
The cabinet secretary is supported by three ministers, the Minister for Small Business, Innovation and Trade, the Minister for Energy, and the Minister for Green Skills, Circular Economy and Biodiversity."
Maïmouna Ndoye Seck,"Maïmouna Ndoye Seck (born 1962 in Dakar) is a Senegalese politician. An alumnus of the Ecole Polytechnique of Thiès, she was the Minister of Energy from 2013 to 2015 and the Minister of Tourism and Air Transport from 2015 to 2017, before she became the Minister of Air Transport and Airport Facilities Development in September 2017."
List of Ministers of Culture and Tourism of Turkey,The following is a list of former Ministers of Culture and Tourism of Turkey.
Kathleen M. Adams,"Kathleen M. Adams is a cultural anthropologist, Professorial Research Associate at SOAS, University of London, Professor Emerita at Loyola University Chicago, and an Adjunct Curator at the Field Museum of Natural History. Her award-winning books include Art as Politics: Re-crafting Identities, Tourism and Power in Tana Toraja, Indonesia and The Ethnography of Tourism: Edward Bruner and Beyond (with N. Leite and Q. Casteneda)'. Adams's additional books are Intersections of Tourism, Migration, and Exile (with N. Bloch),  Everyday Life in Southeast Asia (With K. Gillogly), Indonesia: History, Heritage, Culture, and Home and Hegemony: Domestic Service and Identity Politics in South and Southeast Asia (with S. Dickey). Adams is known for her research on cultural transformations in island Southeast Asia, (especially Toraja society in Indonesia), and her contributions to critical tourism studies, heritage studies, and museum studies.
A Fulbright recipient, Adams received an anthropology B.A. from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and an M.A./Ph.D. in cultural anthropology at the University of Washington. Prior to joining the Anthropology faculty at Loyola University Chicago, Adams held the Mouat Family Endowed Chair for Junior Faculty  at Beloit College. She also spent time as a visiting professor at Loyola University Chicago's John Felice Rome Center, Ateneo de Manila University, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, the National University of Singapore and on several University of Virginia Semester at Sea voyages. Adams is currently (2021-2023) a visiting fellow at The Center for Tourism Research at Wakayama University.Adams' book on the politics of art and tourism in Sulawesi (Indonesia) won the Alpha Sigma Nu award as the best social science book published in 2007–2009 by faculty at Jesuit institutions. Her book The Ethnography of Tourism: Edward Bruner and Beyond(co-edited with Leite and Casteneda) received the American Anthropological Association's Anthropology of Tourism Interest Group's 2020 best book award. An Isaac Manasseh Meyer Fellowship (1999) recipient, Adams' research has been supported by various organizations, including the American Philosophical Society and the Henry R. Luce Foundation. She received Loyola University's Sujack Master Researcher Award twice (2016 and 2020), Loyola University Chicago's 2007 Sujack Award for Teaching Excellence, and recognition by Princeton Review as one of the ""300 best professors"" in the US and Canada in 2012."
Stephen William Boyd,Stephen William Boyd is a Professor of Tourism at the University of Ulster in Northern Ireland.
Sara Dolnicar,"Sara Dolnicar  (born 9 January 1972 in Ljubljana, Slovenia) is a social scientist trained in Austria who researches market segmentation, sustainable tourism, and Airbnb. Since 2013, she has been a research professor of Tourism at The University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. She has been recognised by the Republic of Slovenia for her research achievements."
Hilary du Cros,"Hillary du Cros is an Australian archaeologist and  cultural tourism teacher in Hong Kong and Macau. She is currently Associate Professor, Hong Kong Institute of Education, teaching in the area of Cultural Tourism in the Department of Cultural and Creative Arts. She has made significant contributions to the challenge of developing cultural heritage sites, including in various journals and full-length books."
Paul F. J. Eagles,"Paul F. J. Eagles is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Waterloo in Canada. He is a Biologist and a Planner, specializing in environmental planning.Over a span of 30 years, Eagles worked on a wide variety of planning projects, with an especially strong emphasis on the planning and management of parks and protected areas. Since the mid-1980s he undertook international work in nature-based tourism and park tourism, with experience in over 25 countries. Since 1996 he has been the Chair of the Task Force on Tourism and Protected Areas for the World Commission on Protected Areas, of World Conservation Union based in Switzerland. In May 2002, Eagles co-authored the book, Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. This was co-published by the World Conservation Union, the World Tourism Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme as a contribution to the UN Year of Ecotourism. In November 2002 Professor Eagles, in cooperation with Dr. Stephen McCool of the University of Montana, published his 15th book, entitled: Tourism in National Parks and Protected Areas: Planning and Management.
He has over 330 publications, including 17 books."
Walter Hunziker,"Walter Hunziker (1899–1974) was a Swiss professor who founded the Tourism Research Institute at the University of St. Gallen, co-developed the scientific study of tourism, developed the travel savings fund concept, co-founded the Association Internationale d'Experts Scientifiques du Tourisme (AIEST) and the Institut International de Glion. He was a director of the Swiss Tourism Federation, member of Swiss Advisory Committee for Trade Policy, and author."
Ishwar Modi,"Ishwar Modi (born 12 December 1940) is an Indian Sociologist and a pioneer of leisure studies in India. His work in this field has been widely reviewed in both India and abroad. He completed his master's degree in Sociology and PhD from University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. He also worked for his PhD under the title Leisure, Mass Media and Social Structure (1985) at the Centre for the Study of Social Systems, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, with a distinguished scholar Professor Yogendra Singh before joining the Department of Sociology at the University of Rajasthan as Assistant Professor of Sociology (September 1974).Dr. Ishwar Prasad Modi received the Lifetime Achievement Award in 2015 from the Indian Sociological Society, which is the highest and most coveted award given by the Society to honour Indian Sociologists who have made profound and exceptional contributions in the field of sociology and thereby enriched the discipline of sociology and enhanced the capability and respectability of its professionals."
Noel B. Salazar,"Noel B. Salazar (born 1973) is a sociocultural anthropologist known for his transdisciplinary work on mobility and travel, the local-to-global nexus, discourses and imaginaries of 'Otherness', heritage, cultural brokering, cosmopolitanism and endurance."
Myra Shackley,"Myra Lesley Shackley (born 5 March 1949) was formerly Professor of Culture Resource Management and Head of the Centre for Tourism and Visitor Management at Nottingham Trent University Business School. She retired in summer 2011. She has written 15 books (of which the latest is Atlas of Travel and Tourism Development, a core text for historical geography and tourism studies. Much of her recent research has been concerned with the management of sacred sites as visitor attractions and she wrote the textbook 'Managing Sacred Sites; service provision and visitor experience'."
Birgit Zotz,"Birgit Zotz (born 7 August 1979) is an Austrian writer, cultural anthropologist and an expert on the subject of hospitality management studies."
Samia Ahad,"Samia Ahad is a Pakistani chef who is head chef at the Coriander Leaf restaurant in Singapore, having previously worked in restaurants in Manhattan. Ahad opened a second restaurant, inside her Screening Room entertainment complex."
Richard Foss,"Richard Foss is an American journalist, science fiction author, and food historian who has also chaired science fiction conventions and worked as a travel agent, restaurant reviewer, theater director, and instructor in Elizabethan history and culinary history at Osher Institute/UCLA Extension."
Wally Gold,"Wally Gold (May 15, 1928 – June 7, 1998) was an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and music business executive from Teaneck, New Jersey."
Freddye Scarborough Henderson,"Freddye Scarborough Henderson (February 18, 1917– January 19, 2007) was an American business woman and travel agent known for pioneering travel agencies geared towards African-Americans. Henderson was born in Franklinton, Louisiana, on February 18, 1917  She earned a B.S. in home economics from Southern University in 1937 and was the first African American to earn a degree in fashion merchandising from New York University in 1950 and went on to teach fashion and textiles at Spelman College. She married Jacob R. Henderson in Georgia in 1941. From 1944 to 1950 Henderson owned a dress shop in Atlanta. In 1950, Henderson became a fashion editor for the Associated Negro Press and had a fashion column which was syndicated in many black newspapers in America. From 1957 to 193, Henderson wrote a syndicated weekly column, “Travel by Freddye,” which ran in the Pittsburgh Courier.In 1955, Henderson and her husband created the Henderson Travel Service located in Atlanta. It was the first African American travel agency in the Southeast and the first fully accredited black travel agency in America. She planned Martin Luther King Jr.’s trip to Oslo to accept his Nobel Peace Prize and accompanied him on the trip.She died on January 19, 2007, after a lengthy illness and was buried at Atlanta's South-View Cemetery."
Achilleas Kallakis,"Achilleas Michalis Kallakis (born Stefan Michalis Kollakis on 3 September 1968) is responsible for the UK's largest ever mortgage fraud, of over £760 million, and has been called ""Britain's most successful serial confidence trickster"". By making a slight change to his name, purporting to be related to an oil and property tycoon and using a corrupt lawyer, he was able to defraud banks into giving him mortgages on offices with inflated valuations. He and his accomplice Alexander Williams were successfully prosecuted by the UK's Serious Fraud Office in 2013.  Kallakis and Williams succeeded in bypassing fraud and due diligence checks by the banks despite having a previous convictions for fraud in 1995 and warning being raised about their lawyer who escaped prosecution."
Mary Ann Kerwin,"Mary Ann Kerwin (born 1931) is an American lawyer and breastfeeding activist. One of the seven founders of La Leche League in 1956, she established the Colorado branch of the advocacy group and drafted state laws on behalf of women who breastfeed their infants in public and in the workplace. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2012."
Jean Leising,"Jean Leising (born January 10, 1949) is an American politician from the State of Indiana. She is a Republican member of the Indiana Senate, representing the 42nd District from 1989 to 1996 and from 2008 to the present. She was Assistant Majority Whip from 1992 to 1996."
Morten Harry Olsen,"Morten Harry Olsen (born in 1960 in Narvik) is a Norwegian author. Olsen made his literary debut in 1985 with the short story collection For alt hva vi er verdt, which won Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris. Many of his books have been hits with critics.
Olsen studied criminology at the University of Oslo and philosophy at the University of Tromsø. He has worked as a travel agent, taxi driver, night porter, journalist, translator, office worker, literary critic, education consultant, and teacher. He was head of Norsk Forfattersentrum (1989–91), head of arrangements for the Brage Prize (1991–95) and deputy head of the Norwegian Authors' Union (1997–98). From 1988 to 1991 he was a member of the Norwegian Authors' Union's Literary Caucus. From 1992-1996 he was editor of Bokklubben krim og spenning."
Bernardita Ramos,"Maria Bernardita ""Ditas"" Bañares Ramos (February 17, 1944 – September 8, 2020) was a Filipina high school teacher, travel agent and legislator from Sorsogon, Philippines. She served in the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing Sorsogon's 2nd congressional district in the 18th Congress from 2019 until her death in 2020. She was the youngest sister of three-term Sorsogon representative Deogracias B. Ramos Jr."
Francis A. Reynolds,Francis A. Reynolds was an American college athletics administrator who served as graduate manager of athletics at Boston College from 1919 to 1929.
Cleon Scotland,"Cleon Scotland (date of birth unknown) is a former Bermudian cricketer. Scotland's batting style is unknown.
Scotland made two List A appearances for Bermuda, against Jamaica in the 1997–98 Red Stripe Bowl and Guyana in the 1998–99 Red Stripe Bowl, He batted twice, but was dismissed for ducks in both innings.Outside of cricket Scotland worked as a travel agent, as well as writing children's books. His father Rupert Scotland played first-class cricket for Bermuda."
Peter F. Sullivan,"Peter F. Sullivan (June 29, 1869 – May 21, 1931) was an American politician who served as mayor of Worcester, Massachusetts, and was a member of the Massachusetts General Court."
Wanda Tulfo Teo,"Wanda Corazon Teshiba Tulfo-Teo (Tagalog: [ˈtulpɔ ˈteɔ]; born November 4, 1952) is a Filipino travel agent who served as Secretary of the Philippines' Department of Tourism under the Duterte administration from July 2016 until her resignation on May 8, 2018."
Nikki Turner (author),"Nikki Turner is an American author of urban fiction, dubbed by Trendsetter Magazine as the ""Queen of Hip Hop Lit"". Her first two books, A Hustler's Wife and A Project Chick have sold about 150,000 copies as of 2005.Turner was born in Richmond, Virginia and has received a degree from North Carolina Central University. She formerly worked as a travel agent, eventually quitting to become a full-time novelist. Turner has stated that she began writing urban fiction as a way of showing the ""dark side"" of the street life beyond the ""glitz and the glamor""."
Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca,"Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca,  (born 7 December 1958) is a Maltese politician who served as President of Malta from 2014 to 2019. She has been president of Eurochild since 2019.
Previously, as a member of the Labour Party, Coleiro Preca was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Representatives of Malta from 1998 to 2014. She served as the Minister for the Family and Social Solidarity from 2013 to 2014 under Prime Minister Joseph Muscat."
Antonio Enríquez Savignac,"José Antonio Enríquez Savignac (born August 17, 1931 in Mexico City–d. February, 2007) was a Mexican politician who served as Secretary of Tourism in the cabinet of President Miguel de la Madrid and as Secretary-General of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)."
Francesco Frangialli,"Francesco Frangialli served as Secretary-General of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, from 1997 to 2009.He is an honorary professor at the School of Hotel and Tourism Management at Hong Kong Polytechnic University."
Willibald Pahr,Willibald P. Pahr (born in Vienna on 5 June 1930) is an Austrian politician and diplomat.
Audra Plepytė,"Audra Plepytė (born 30 October 1971 in Vilnius) is a Lithuanian career diplomat and ambassador. Since May 2021, she is the Lithuanian Ambassador to the United States and Mexico. From 2017, she was the Permanent Representative of Lithuania to the United Nations, where she was elected as the vice-president of the UNICEF Executive Board Bureau on January 12, 2021. Plepytė was the Lithuanian ambassador to Spain and UNWTO from 2010 to 2014."
Zurab Pololikashvili,"Zurab Pololikashvili (born in Tbilisi on 12 January 1977) is a Georgian politician and diplomat, currently serving as Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization. From 2005 to 2009 he was Georgian deputy Foreign Minister, and he served as ambassador to Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Andorra.During his mandate as Secretary-General of UNWTO, Pololikashvili has advocated for tourism as a significant player in delivering sustainable solutions for people, the planet, prosperity and peace. Pololikashvili has widened the scope of UNWTOs work, including innovation, digital transformation, investment and online education, which are distinctive features of tourism as a sector spearheading new business models, people-to-people interaction, and leveraging social impact and development potential.
Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism stood at an all-time high: 1 out of 10 jobs worldwide depended on tourism and international tourism arrivals reached 1.5billion in 2019.Against a backdrop of heightened uncertainty, under Pololikashvilis leadership UNWTO  gathered the heads of the sector in the Global Tourism Crisis Committee to guide the tourism sector as it faced up to the COVID-19 challenge, recommending policies for recovery of the sector and cooperating closely with the World Health Organization (WHO), the lead UN agency for the management of this outbreak."
Taleb Rifai,"Taleb Rifai (born 1949) is a Jordanian businessman and politician, who was the Secretary-General of the United Nations' World Tourism Organization  between 2010 and 2017. He was the first Jordanian to hold a UN agency Secretary General position."
Rail pass,"A rail pass is a pass that covers the cost of train travel in a certain designated area or areas within a certain period of time. It is contrasted to a point-to-point ticket in that it allows the holder unlimited travel, within the pre-designated area and period, while a point-to-point ticket only permits the holder to travel from a point to another once. It is different from a season ticket in the sense that, while both of them grant unlimited travel to the holder, season tickets normally target commuting travellers, whereas rail passes usually target tourists. Based on this difference, terms of use are thus normally set differently.
The first rail pass was issued as the Eurail pass in March 1959. Owing to its success, many other passes have been issued by various railway companies all around the world since then."
Eurail,"The Eurail Pass, introduced in 1959 and formerly known as Europass or Eurorail Pass, is a rail pass which permits travel through 33 European countries on nearly all railroads and several shipping lines. The Eurail Group, based in Utrecht, is responsible for the marketing and management of the Eurail and Interrail passes. The company is owned by over 35 European railway and shipping companies. The Eurail Pass is available to non-European residents, and the Interrail Pass (introduced in 1972) is available to European residents. The passes, which provide access to 250,000 kilometres (160,000 mi) of European railway, are used by over 33,000 travellers annually."
Indrail Pass,"An Indrail Pass was a special railway pass available to foreign nationals created along the lines of the Eurail Pass for unlimited travel without reservation of a ticket on the Indian Railways network. This ticket was available for a special time period from half a day to 90 days.
Vide Railway Board order, Indrail passes have been discontinued."
Interrail,The Interrail Pass is a rail pass available to European residents. Residents of countries outside Europe may purchase the Eurail Pass instead. Types of Interrail Pass include the Interrail Global Pass and the Interrail One Country Pass.The pass allows unlimited rail travel in (and between) all 33 participating countries for a certain period of time. High-speed trains and night trains often require a paid seat reservation. The Interrail One Country Pass allows unlimited rail travel within one European country.
Japan Rail Pass,"The Japan Rail Pass (ジャパンレールパス, japan rēru pasu), also called the JR Pass, is a rail pass exclusively for overseas visitors sold by the Japan Railways Group. It is valid for travel on all major forms of transportation provided by the JR Group in Japan, with a few exceptions. The Rail Pass is designed to stimulate travel and tourism throughout the country. It is only cost effective for long-distance travel, particularly by bullet train. The Japan Rail Pass is of limited use within larger cities, as private operators generally do not accept the Rail Pass."
Korea Rail Pass,"The Korea Rail Pass (Korean: 한국 철도패스; Hangug Cheoldo Paeseu, or Korean: 코리아 레일 패스; Koria Reil Paeseu), also commonly called the KR Pass (Korean: KR패스; KR Paeseu), is a rail pass offered by Korail (Korea Railroad Corporation), the national railway operator of South Korea. The pass is offered exclusively to foreign visitors and is valid for most of the rail lines operated by Korail in the designated period, including KTX, the high-speed railway in South Korea. However, the pass is not valid for subways and tourist trains, even when they are also operated by Korail (e.g. the subway and commuter lines in Seoul operated by Korail)."
TR Pass,"The TR Pass (Chinese: 台灣鐵路周遊券; pinyin: Táiwān Tiělù Zhōuyóu Quàn) is a rail pass offered by Taiwan Railway Administration (TRA), granting holders of the pass unlimited rides on trains operated by TRA within the day count. The pass can be used by both local and foreign travelers, and different durations of validity are offered as choice. There are two versions of the pass, i.e. the General Pass and the Student Pass. While holders of the former could travel with all types of trains operated by TRA, holders of the latter have more limitations of choice, albeit with a benefit of lowered price. Taiwan High Speed Rail and other privately run rail lines are not covered by the pass, as they are not run by TRA."
Hermann's tortoise,Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) is a species of tortoise native to Europe.
Paranemonia vouliagmeniensis,"Paranemonia vouliagmeniensis, or Greek anemone, is an endangered sea anemone that occurs only in Lake Vouliagmeni, Athens. The lake's status as a spa has contributed negatively to the species' livelihood and population; while no formal population monitoring has taken place, it has been estimated that the population has decreased by over 50% from 2007-2017. Paranemonia vouliagmeniensis has large embryos that can be found in the tentacles, unlike other species in the same genus. It also has a greater size range than other sea anemone."
List of adjectival tourisms,"Adjectival tourism is the numerous niche or specialty travel forms of tourism; each with its own adjective.
Examples of the more common niche tourism markets include:

"
Accessible tourism,"Accessible tourism is the ongoing endeavor to ensure tourist destinations, products, and services are accessible to all people, regardless of their physical or intellectual limitations, disabilities or age. It encompasses publicly and privately owned and operated tourist locations. The goal of accessible tourism is to create inclusivity of all including those traveling with children, people with disabilities, as well as seniors. This allows those with access requirements to be able to function as an independent using products following the universal design principle, a variety of services, and different environments."
Agritourism,Agritourism or agrotourism involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch.
Alternative tourism,"Alternative tourism combines tourist products or individual tourist services, different from mass tourism by means of supply, organization and the human resources involved. Other examples of different terms include ""intelligent"" or ""motivated tourism."" In addition, ""anti-tourism"" or ""participative tourism"" are some others. That was just to name few of them. Natural, social, and community value in which allow both host and guest to enjoy positive, worthwhile and shared experience."
Archaeological tourism,"Archaeotourism or Archaeological tourism is a form of cultural tourism, which aims to promote public interest in archaeology and the conservation of historical sites."
Atomic tourism,"Atomic tourism or nuclear tourism is a recent form of tourism in which visitors learn about the Atomic Age by traveling to significant sites in atomic history such as nuclear test reactors, museums with nuclear weapon artifacts, delivery vehicles, sites where atomic weapons were detonated, and nuclear power plants.In the United States, the Center for Land Use Interpretation has conducted tours of the Nevada Test Site, Trinity Site, Hanford Site, and other historical atomic age sites, to explore the cultural significance of these Cold War nuclear zones. The book Overlook: Exploring the Internal Fringes of America describes the purpose of this tourism as  ""windows into the American psyche, landmarks that manifest the rich ambiguities of the nation's cultural history."" A Bureau of Atomic Tourism was proposed by American photographer Richard Misrach and writer Myriam Weisang Misrach in 1990.Visitors to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone often visit the nearby deserted city of Pripyat. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome), which survived the destruction of Hiroshima, is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site at the center of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.  Bikini Atoll was at one time the site of a diving tourism initiative. As of 2012, China planned to build a tourist destination at its first atomic test site, the Malan Base at Lop Nur in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.During the early atomic age when fission was viewed as a sign of progress and modernity, the city of Las Vegas and its Chamber of Commerce nicknamed Vegas as the ""Atomic City"" in the mid-1940s and early 1950s in an attempt to attract tourists. So called ""bomb viewing parties"" took place on desert hilltops, or more famously at the panoramic Sky Room at the Desert Inn, and casinos held Miss Atomic pageants while serving Atomic Cocktails.Several nuclear power plants offer tours of the facilities or provide education at visitor centers."
Beachgoing,"Beachgoing or beach tourism is the cultural phenomenon of travelling to an ocean beach for leisure or vacation. 
The practice developed from medically-prescribed sea-bathing by British physicians in the 17th and 18th centuries and spread throughout Europe and European colonies. With the advent of affordable air travel seaside resorts developed worldwide into the modern tourism phenomenon. 
Beachgoing is one of the earliest forms of modern tourism and is a staple of the overall tourism industry."
Benefit tourism,Benefit tourism is a political term coined in the 1990s and later used for the perceived threat that a huge number of citizens from eight of the ten new nations given membership in the European Union in the 2004 enlargement of the European Union would move to the existing member states to benefit from their social welfare systems rather than to work. This threat was in several countries used as a reason for creating temporary work or benefit restrictions for citizens from the eight new member states.
Birth tourism,"Birth tourism is the practice of traveling to another country or city for the purpose of giving birth in that country. The main reason for birth tourism is to obtain citizenship for the child in a country with birthright citizenship (jus soli). Such a child is sometimes called an ""anchor baby"" if their citizenship is intended to help their parents obtain permanent residency in the country. Other reasons for birth tourism include access to public schooling, healthcare, sponsorship for the parents in the future, or even circumvention of China's two-child policy. Popular destinations include the United States and Canada. Another target for birth tourism is Hong Kong, where some mainland Chinese citizens travel to give birth to gain right of abode for their children.
In an effort to discourage birth tourism, Australia, France, Pakistan, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom have modified their citizenship laws at different times, mostly by granting citizenship by birth only if at least one parent is a citizen of the country or a legal permanent resident who has lived in the country for several years. Germany has never granted unconditional birthright citizenship, but has traditionally used jus sanguinis, so, by giving up the requirement of at least one citizen parent, Germany has softened rather than tightened its citizenship laws; however, unlike their children born in Germany, non-EU- and non-Swiss-citizen parents born abroad usually cannot have dual citizenship.
No European country presently grants unconditional birthright citizenship; however, most countries in the Americas, e.g., the United States, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil do so. In Africa, Chad, Lesotho and Tanzania grant unconditional birthright citizenship, as do some in the Asian-Pacific region including Fiji, Pakistan, and Tuvalu."
Blindfolded tourism,"Blindfolded tourism (also cecitourism) is a form of experimental travel, consisting of a guided tour in which the tourist is blindfolded while being talked through the visited areas, as opposed to traditional sightseeing. A blind tour is a different experience owing to the absence of one vital sense, sight, thereby stimulating the other relevant senses, namely hearing, feel and smell. The concept has been related to that of the dark restaurant, where there is no light for diners to see what they eat.A ""blindfold tour"" to savour the smells of the City of London was proposed as far back as 1970. More recently, blindfolded tours have been offered in a range of mainly urban locations, including tours of Prague Castle, Tirana in Albania, Vancouver, and the Alfama quarter of Lisbon. The German artist Christian Jankowski has undertaken two blind tours: one in Dubai and one in Montevideo, where he led a group of blindfolded journalists.In some cases a blind tour may involve offering the tourist a video of their tour following completion of the tour."
Bookstore tourism,"Bookstore tourism is a type of cultural tourism that promotes independent bookstores as a group travel destination.  It started as a grassroots effort to support locally owned and operated bookshops, many of which have struggled to compete with large bookstore chains and online retailers.
The project was initiated in 2003 by Larry Portzline, a writer and college instructor in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania who led ""bookstore road trips"" to other cities and recognized its potential as a group travel niche and marketing tool. He promoted the concept with a how-to book and a web site, and groups around the U.S. soon began offering similar excursions, usually via a chartered bus, and often incorporating book signings, author home tours, and historical sites. The most famous bookstore tourism destination is Hay-on-Wye in Wales. In 2005-06, two regional booksellers associations—the Southern California Booksellers Association and the Northern California Independent Booksellers Association—embraced Bookstore Tourism, offering trips to independent bookstores in Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco.
The Bookstore Tourism movement encourages schools, libraries, reading groups, and organizations of all sizes to create day-trips and literary outings to cities and towns with a concentration of independent bookstores.  It also encourages local booksellers to attract bibliophiles to their communities by employing bookstore tourism as an economic development tool.  Others benefiting include local retailers, restaurants, bus companies, and travel professionals.
The effort also provides organizations with an outreach opportunity to support reading and literacy.
Portzline has traveled across the country to promote the concept.  In 2006 he created a promotional video featuring group ""bookstore road trips"" in New York City's Greenwich Village and in Los Angeles area ""beach towns"" and posted it on the Bookstore Tourism website.
Portzline took a year off in 2008, and in early 2009 began to promote the effort again, partly in response to the effects of the U.S. financial crisis on independent booksellers.
In 2007, The New York Times argued that the Pioneer Valley in Western Massachusetts, is the ""most author-saturated, book-cherishing, literature-celebrating place in"" the United States. In particular, it discussed three bookshops in the region, Amherst Books in Amherst, Massachusetts, Broadside Bookshop in Northampton, Massachusetts, and The Odyssey Bookshop in South Hadley, Massachusetts.In 2008, USA Today listed nine top bookstore travel destinations in the United States as: Books & Books in Coral Gables, Florida; City Lights Books in San Francisco; the Elliott Bay Book Company in Seattle; Politics and Prose in Washington, DC; Powell's Books in Portland, Oregon; Prairie Lights in Iowa City, Iowa; Tattered Cover in Denver, Colorado; That Bookstore in Blytheville in  Blytheville, Arkansas; and the Strand Book Store in New York City.Bookstore tourism is encouraged by organizations such as the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Antiquarian Booksellers (MARIAB).  Founded in 1976, the organization has 125 business members as of 2013, publicizes its member bookstores with a website and a free annual directory booklet, and sponsors an annual ""Pioneer Valley Book & Ephemera Fair""."
Booze cruise,"In British slang, a booze cruise is a brief trip from Britain to France or Belgium with the intent of taking advantage of lower prices, and buying personal supplies of (especially) alcohol or tobacco in bulk quantities. This is a legally allowed process not to be confused with smuggling."
Business tourism,"Business tourism or business travel is a more limited and focused subset of regular tourism. During business tourism (traveling), individuals are still working and being paid, but are doing so away from both their workplace and home.Some definitions of tourism exclude business travel. However, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines tourists as people ""traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes"".Primary business tourism activities include meetings, and attending conferences and exhibitions. Despite the term business in business tourism, when individuals from government or non-profit organizations engage in similar activities, this is still categorized as business tourism (travel)."
Camping,"Camping is a form of outdoor recreation or outdoor education involving overnight stays with a basic temporary shelter such as a tent. Camping can also include a recreational vehicle, sheltered cabins, a permanent tent, a shelter such as a bivy or tarp, or no shelter at all. Typically, participants leave developed areas to spend time outdoors, in pursuit of activities providing them enjoyment or an educational experience. Spending the night away from home distinguishes camping from day-tripping, picnicking, and other outdoor activities.
Camping as a recreational activity became popular among elites in the early 20th century. With time, it grew in popularity among other socioeconomic classes. Modern campers frequent publicly owned natural resources such as national and state parks, wilderness areas, and commercial campgrounds. In a few countries, such as Sweden and Scotland, public camping is legal on privately held land as well. Camping is a key part of many youth organizations around the world, such as Scouting, which use it to teach both self-reliance and teamwork.  School camping trips also have numerous benefits and can play an essential role in the personal growth and development of students.

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Culinary tourism,"Culinary tourism or food tourism or gastronomy tourism is the exploration of food as the purpose of tourism. It is considered a vital component of the tourism experience.  Dining out is common among tourists and ""food is believed to rank alongside climate, accommodation, and scenery"" in importance to tourists.Culinary tourism became prominent in 2001 after Erik Wolf, president of the World Food Travel Association, wrote a white paper on the subject."
Cultural tourism,"Cultural tourism is a type of tourism activity in which the visitor's essential motivation is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination. These attractions/products relate to a set of distinctive material, intellectual, spiritual, and emotional features of a society that encompasses arts and architecture, historical and cultural heritage, culinary heritage, literature, music, creative industries and the living cultures with their lifestyles, value systems, beliefs and traditions."
Dark tourism,"Dark tourism (also Thana tourism (as in Thanatos), black tourism, morbid tourism, or grief tourism) has been defined as tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy. More recently, it was suggested that the concept should also include reasons tourists visit that site, since the site's attributes alone may not make a visitor a ""dark tourist"". The main attraction to dark locations is their historical value rather than their associations with death and suffering. Holocaust tourism contains aspects of both dark tourism and heritage tourism."
Day trip,"A day trip is a visit to a tourist destination or visitor attraction from a person's home, hotel, or hostel in the morning, returning to the same lodging in the evening. The day trip is a form of recreational travel and leisure to a location that is close enough to make a round-trip within a day but does not require an overnight stay. The logistics and/or costs of spending nights on the road are worth avoiding. Such travel of using one location as a homebase is popular with budget and active travelers to avoid finding new lodging at each destination. A caregiver may take a day trip from their home to return to their children or pets."
Disaster tourism,"Disaster tourism is the practice of visiting locations at which an environmental disaster, either natural or human-made, has occurred. Although a variety of disasters are the subject of subsequent disaster tourism, the most common disaster tourist sites are areas surrounding volcanic eruptions.Opinions on the morality and impact of disaster tourism are divided. Advocates of disaster tourism often claim that the practice raises awareness of the event, stimulates the local economy, and educates the public about the local culture, while critics claim that the practice is exploitative, profits on loss, and often mischaracterize the events in question."
Domestic tourism,"Domestic tourism is tourism involving residents of one country traveling only within that country. Such a vacation is known as a domestic vacation (British: domestic holiday or holiday at home). For large countries with limited skill in foreign languages, for example Russia, Brazil, Canada, Australia, United States, China and India, domestic tourism plays a very large role in the total tourism sector.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, domestic tourism increased significantly, as countries closed their airports to minimize the spread of COVID-19. Jobs and businesses were lost as a result of the general decline of tourism.In British English this may also be called a staycation, a portmanteau of ""stay"" and ""vacation"", although this is not to be confused the concept of a vacation in which one stays overnight at their own home. The use of the term ""staycation"" to refer to a domestic holiday was popularized in the late 2000s by its use in the British media in their reporting of the increase in such tourism during the Great Recession when the weakness in the pound made travel abroad more expensive."
Ecotourism,"Ecotourism is a form of tourism marketed as ""responsible"" travel (using what proponents say is sustainable transport) to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. The stated purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and human rights.
Since the 1980s, ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavour by environmentalists, who say they want future generations to experience destinations relatively untouched by human intervention.: 33  Ecotourism may focus on educating travelers on local environments and natural surroundings with an eye to ecological conservation. Some include in the definition of ecotourism the effort to produce economic opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources financially possible.Generally, ecotourism deals with interaction with biotic components of the natural environments. Ecotourism focuses on what advocates define as socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is intended to offer tourists an insight into the impact of human beings on the environment and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats. Ecotourism aims at minimal environmental impact on the areas visited. Besides fostering respect towards the natural environment, ecotourism endeavors to create socio-economic benefits for the communities of the area visited.
Responsible ecotourism programs include those that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities. For these reasons, ecotourism often appeals to advocates of environmental and social responsibility.
Many consider the term ""ecotourism"", like ""sustainable tourism"" (which is a related concept but broader), an oxymoron. Like most long-distance travel, ecotourism often depends on air transportation, which contributes to climate change. Additionally, ""the overall effect of sustainable tourism is negative where like ecotourism philanthropic aspirations mask hard-nosed immediate self-interest."""
Enotourism,"Enotourism, oenotourism, wine tourism, or vinitourism refers to tourism whose purpose is or includes the tasting, consumption or purchase of wine, often at or near the source. Where other types of tourism are often passive in nature, enotourism can consist of visits to wineries, tasting wines, vineyard walks, or even taking an active part in the harvest."
Escorted tour,"Escorted tours are a form of tourism in which travelers are escorted in a group to various destinations; they differ from a self-guided tour, when the tourist is not part of an organised group.Escorted tours (in US English) are also known as Guided tours or Package Tours.

Escorted tours are normally conducted by a tour director who takes care of all services from the beginning to end of the tour. Escorted tours normally include accommodation, transport, meals and some sightseeing. Escorted tours are often conducted by motor coach and usually no more than three nights are spent in each location visited. They are usually fast-paced and prices includes almost everything.

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Excursion,"An excursion is a trip by a group of people, usually made for leisure, education, or physical purposes. It is often an adjunct to a longer journey or visit to a place, sometimes for other (typically work-related) purposes.
Public transportation companies issue reduced price excursion tickets to attract business of this type.  Often these tickets are restricted to off-peak days or times for the destination concerned.
Short excursions for education or for observations of natural phenomena are called field trips. One-day educational field studies are often made by classes as extracurricular exercises, e.g. to visit a natural or geographical feature. 
The term is also used for short military movements into foreign territory, without a formal announcement of war.

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Experiential travel,"Experiential travel, also known as immersion travel, is a form of tourism in which people focus on experiencing a country, city or particular place by actively and meaningfully engaging with its history, people, culture, food and environment.  It can often be transformative. Therewith the concept is based on very similar mechanisms as for example experiential education, experiential knowledge, experiential interior design, and experiential marketing.

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Extreme tourism,"Extreme tourism (also often referred to as shock tourism, although both concepts do not appear strictly similar) is a niche in the tourism industry involving travel to dangerous places (mountains, jungles, deserts, caves, canyons, etc.) or participation in dangerous events. Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the main attraction, ""adrenaline rush"" caused by an element of risk, and differ mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism.
Some extreme attractions are the following:

Chernobyl Tours – Ukraine
Swimming in the Devil's Pool in Victoria Falls – Zambia and Zimbabwe
Walking the Plank at Mount Hua – China
Death Road Tour – Bolivia
Green Zone – Baghdad, Iraq
Sac Actun tours – Riviera Maya, Mexico
Cave of Swallows – Mexico
Pole of Cold – Oymyakon, Yakutia, Siberia
Titanic wreckage – Atlantic Ocean
Mount Everest
Space tourism
Yemen"
Fashion tourism,"Fashion tourism is a niche market segment evolved out of three major sectors: Creative Tourism, Cultural Tourism and Shopping Tourism. Fashion Tourism can be defined as “the interaction between Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs), trade associations, tourism suppliers and host communities, with people travelling to and visiting a particular place for business or leisure to enjoy, experiment, discover, study, trade, communicate about and consume fashion.”International cities are increasingly using the cultural industries for the development of tourism and other industries to boost their economic fortune and to position themselves in the global market. There is often no need for cities to specialize in any new activity but rather to diversify their economy and it is in this context that fashion tourism has been adopted and promoted in cities such as Antwerp, London, and Tokyo. Fashion is a global industry and many capital cities have press-grabbing trade activity at least twice a year, e.g. London through its London Fashion Week, and this is often the starting point for many DMOs to take fashion seriously as a new anchor for their tourism industry and visitor economy. They are consciously pushing fashion week trade events into the public eye to raise their city's fashionable credentials and encourage visitors to consider travel to their city.
In 2023 Kogan Page published a critically acclaimed book which covers fashion tourism and shopping travel, ""Leading Travel and Tourism Retail"", which researched in depth the fashion tourism post-COVID."
Garden tourism,"Garden tourism is a type of niche tourism involving visits to famous gardens and botanical gardens and places which are significant in the history of gardening. Garden tourists often travel individually in countries with which they are familiar but often prefer to join organized garden tours in countries where they might experience difficulties with language, travel or finding accommodation in the vicinity of the garden. 
In the year 2000 the Alhambra and the Taj Mahal both received over two million visitors. This poses problems for the landscape manager.
Probably the oldest traditions of garden tourism are those of China and Japan. In both countries some temples had famous gardens, and in China a private garden could be visited for a small charge by the 11th century. In India, many Mughal gardens around tombs and mosques could be visited, and throughout the Islamic world some gardens were in effect public parks, open to the public, while others remained strictly private.
In Early Modern Europe it was generally possible for the public, or at least those respectably dressed, to see large parts of royal palace gardens, at least some of the time, while other areas were a ""privy garden"" with tightly restricted access. At the same time botanic gardens were being founded, which had being a visitor attraction as an important part of their function.  By the 18th century, the English ""garden tour"" of large country house gardens was well-established, with guide-books and maps of the garden, and special inns.Many tourist visits are to gardens, as part of a broader itinerary or a one-off trip, but the amount of tourism dedicated to seeing a series of gardens is much smaller. Garden tourism of this sort remains a niche commercial enterprise.  Throughout the world, there are a limited number of boutique tour operators offering guided tours to the public."
Genealogy tourism,"Genealogy tourism, sometimes called roots tourism, is a segment of the tourism market consisting of tourists who have ancestral connections to their holiday destination. These genealogy tourists travel to the land of their ancestors to reconnect with their past and ""walk in the footsteps of their forefathers"". Genealogy tourism is a worldwide industry, although it is more prominent in countries that have experienced mass emigration at some time in history and thus have a large worldwide diaspora community."
Geotourism,Geotourism is tourism associated with geological attractions and destinations. Geotourism (tourism with a geological base) deals with the abiotic natural and built environments. Geotourism was first defined in England by Thomas Alfred Hose in 1995.
Glamping,"Glamping is a portmanteau of ""glamorous"" and ""camping"", and describes a style of camping with amenities and, in some cases, resort-style services not usually associated with ""traditional"" camping. Glamping has become particularly popular with 21st-century tourists seeking modern amenities, such as Wi-Fi, alongside ""the escapism and adventure recreation of camping"", in a variety of accommodations such as cabins, treehouses, and tents."
Grand Tour,"The Grand Tour was the principally 17th- to early 19th-century custom of a traditional trip through Europe, with Italy as a key destination, undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a tutor or family member) when they had come of age (about 21 years old).
The custom—which flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s and was associated with a standard itinerary—served as an educational rite of passage. Though it was primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of other Protestant Northern European nations, and, from the second half of the 18th century, by some South and North Americans.
By the mid-18th century, the Grand Tour had become a regular feature of aristocratic education in Central Europe as well, although it was restricted to the higher nobility. The tradition declined in Europe as enthusiasm for classical culture waned, and with the advent of accessible rail and steamship travel—an era in which Thomas Cook made the ""Cook's Tour"" of early mass tourism a byword starting in the 1870s.
However, with the rise of industrialization in the United States in the 19th century, American Gilded Age nouveau riche adopted the Grand Tour for both sexes and among those of more advanced years as a means of gaining both exposure and association with the sophistication of Europe. Even those of lesser means sought to mimic the pilgrimage, as satirized in Mark Twain's enormously popular Innocents Abroad in 1869.
The primary value of the Grand Tour lay in its exposure to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance, and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent. It also provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art, and possibly the only chance to hear certain music.
A Grand Tour could last anywhere from several months to several years. It was commonly undertaken in the company of a cicerone, a knowledgeable guide or tutor."
Heritage tourism,"Cultural heritage tourism (or just heritage tourism) is a branch of tourism oriented towards the cultural heritage of the location where tourism is occurring.
The National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States defines heritage tourism as ""traveling to experience the places, artifacts and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past"", and ""heritage tourism can include cultural, historic and  natural resources""."
Heritage trail,"Heritage trails are walking trails and driving routes in urban and rural settings that are identified by signage and guidebooks as relating to cultural heritage. The heritage might be built architecture, or it can be a cultural heritage narrative. In most cases it is in public space.
The nature of the trail can be seen to be beneficial for community development, community participation, for discovering community heritage, and for involvement by community in developing the trails.Heritage Walks are a means of discovering the undiscovered and undiscovered riches of the country. It contributes to the development of the city's history and character through the development of an interest in urban conservation activities and local community involvement. Heritage Walk can encourage people to support projects like conservation and protection of historical monuments by collecting authentic information about them and publishing them through various media. The residences of prominent citizens are also part of the heritage. Socially, heritage assets have the potential to contribute to the life and identity of an area. In many cases, they are places that are focal points for community activities, such as public halls, schools, mechanics' institutes, places of religious worship, and parks."
Hippie trail,"Hippie trail (also the overland) is the name given to an overland journey taken by members of the hippie subculture and others from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s travelling from Europe and West Asia through South Asia such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh to Thailand. The hippie trail was a form of alternative tourism, and one of the key elements was travelling as cheaply as possible, mainly to extend the length of time away from home. The term ""hippie"" became current in the mid-to-late 1960s; ""beatnik"" was the previous term from the later 1950s.
In every major stop of the hippie trail, there were hotels, restaurants and cafés for Westerners, who networked with each other as they travelled east and west. The hippies tended to interact more with the local population than traditional sightseers did.The hippie trail largely ended in the late 1970s primarily due to both the Iranian Revolution resulting in an anti-Western government, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, closing the route to Western travelers."
Holocaust tourism,"Holocaust tourism is tourism to destinations connected with the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust in World War II, including visits to sites of Jewish martyrology such as former Nazi death camps and concentration camps turned into state museums. It belongs to a category of the so-called 'roots tourism' usually across parts of Central Europe, or, more generally, the Western-style dark tourism to sites of death and disaster.The term Holocaust, first used in the late 1950s, was derived from the Greek word holokauston meaning a completely burnt offering to God. It has come to symbolize the systematic extermination of approximately six million European Jews by Nazi Germany in occupied territories from 1933 to 1945. The term can also be applied to mean the estimated five to seven million non-Jewish victims who were murdered by the Nazis in the same time period."
Honeymoon,"A honeymoon is a holiday taken by newlyweds immediately after their wedding, to celebrate their marriage. Today, honeymoons are often celebrated in destinations considered exotic or romantic. In a similar context, it may also refer to the phase in a couple's relationship - whether they are in matrimony or not - that exists before getting used to everyday life together."
House sitting,"House sitting is the practice whereby a person leaving their house for a period of time entrusts it to one or more ""house sitters"", who by a mutual agreement are permitted to live or stay in the property temporarily, in exchange for assuming any combination of responsibilities. These can include taking care of the home owner's pets, performing general maintenance (including pools, lawns, air-conditioning systems, etc.), keeping trespassers off the property, readdressing the mail, and in general, making sure that everything runs smoothly, just as if the owner was at home."
Identity tourism,"Identity tourism may refer to the act of assuming a racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, sexual or gender identity for recreational purposes, or the construction of cultural identities and re-examination of one’s ethnic and cultural heritage from what tourism offers its patrons.Research dates back to a 1984 special issue of Annals of Tourism Research guest edited by Pierre L. van den Berghe and Charles F. Keyes. This volume examined the ways in which tourism intersects with the (re-)formation and revision of various forms of identity, particularly ethnic and cultural identities. Since that time, various scholars have examined the intersection between dimensions of identity and tourism.
The way people construct and re-examine their ethnic and cultural heritage today is mainly through the internet. Introduction of the internet has introduced a radical way for tourists to enjoy the experience. Through the Internet of Things, tourism has leaped to the next big step. Social media is now used to stimulate identity in the social context. For example, wide media coverage on political content enables a user of Internet of Things to be influenced into identifying with political affiliations. Using the internet to explore different ideas and allowing them to influence and re-examine the way you see the world today, is identity tourism on the Internet.
Early contributions of identity tourism allowed scholars to examine the intersection of tourism and identity. Early scholars conducted investigations regarding the influence of the locations of tourism and how the culture portrayed influenced the visitors. The concept creates the history of identity tourism. However, this traditional view of tourism has evolved to include the influence of the internet on identity tourism. The internet allows people from various backgrounds to showcase their culture and experiences to everyone. People who access this information and their perceptions changed or influenced experience identity tourism. The influence of the internet on identity tourism can be viewed as the contemporary identity tourism."
Industrial tourism,"Industrial tourism is tourism in which the desired destination includes industrial sites peculiar to a particular location. The concept is not new, as it includes wine tours in France, visits to cheesemakers in the Netherlands, Jack Daniel's distillery tours in the United States for example, but has taken on renewed interest in recent times, with both industrial heritage sites and modern industry attracting tourism."
International tourism,"International tourism is tourism that crosses national borders. Globalisation has made tourism a popular global leisure activity. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people ""traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes"". The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 500,000 people are in flight at any one time.
In 2010, international tourism reached US$919B, growing 6.5% over 2009, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 4.7%. In 2010, there were over 940 million international tourist arrivals worldwide. By 2016 that number had risen to 1,235 million, producing 1,220  billion USD in destination spending. The COVID-19 crisis had significant negative effects on international tourism significantly slowing the overall increasing trend.
International tourism has significant impacts on the environment, exacerbated in part by the problems created by air travel but also by other issues, including wealthy tourists bringing lifestyles that stress local infrastructure, water and trash systems among others."
International volunteering,"International volunteering is when volunteers contribute their time to work for organisations or causes outside their home countries. International volunteering has a long association with international development, with the aim of bringing benefits to host communities.Trends show that international volunteering has become increasingly popular across many countries over the past few decades. International volunteering is a broad term which is used to capture multi-year, skilled placements as well as short term roles. The term voluntourism has become common to describe certain types of volunteering organised by governments, charities and travel agents."
Jihadi tourism,"Jihadi tourism, also referred to as jihad tourism or jihadist tourism, is a term sometimes used to describe travel to foreign destinations with the object of scouting for terrorist training. US diplomatic cables made public by WikiLeaks in 2010 have raised concerns about this form of travel. Within intelligence circles, the term is also sometimes applied dismissively to travellers who are assumed to be seeking contact with extremist groups mainly out of curiosity."
Jungle tourism,"Jungle tourism is a subcategory of adventure travel defined by active multifaceted physical means of travel in the jungle regions of the earth. Although similar in many respects to adventure travel, jungle tourism pertains specifically to the context of region, culture and activity. According to the Glossary of Tourism Terms, jungle tours have become a major component of green tourism in tropical destinations and are a relatively recent phenomenon of Western international tourism. 
Of the regions that take part in tourism-driven sustainable development practices and eco tourism, Mexican, Central and South American practices are the most pervasive in the industry; notably Mayan jungle excursions. Other regions include jungle territories in Africa, Australia, and the South Pacific."
Justice tourism,"Justice tourism or solidarity tourism is an ethic for travelling that holds as its central goals the creation of economic opportunities for the local community, positive cultural exchange between guest and host through one-on-one interaction, the protection of the environment, and political/historical education.  It also seeks to develop new approaches to and forms of globalization, and may overlap with revolutionary tourism.It has been promoted particularly in Bosnia and Palestine, especially by the Alternative Tourism Group and the Christian initiative in Palestine.Denis Tolkach proposed that justice tourism aligned with the precepts of anarchist philosophy, particularly that of anarchism without adjectives, due to its focus on solidarity and connection with the anti-capitalist and anti-globalization movements."
LGBT tourism,"LGBT tourism (or gay tourism) is a form of tourism marketed to gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. People might be open about their sexual orientation and gender identity at times, but less so in areas known for violence against LGBT people.The main components of LGBT tourism include: destinations, accommodations, and travel services wishing to attract LGBT tourists; people looking to travel to LGBT-friendly destinations; people wanting to travel with other LGBT people when traveling regardless of the destination; and LGBT travelers who are mainly concerned with cultural and safety issues. The slang term gaycation has come to imply a version of a vacation that includes a pronounced aspect of LGBT culture, either in the journey or destination. The LGBT tourism industry includes destinations (tourism offices and CVBs), travel agents, accommodations and hotel groups, tour companies, cruise lines, and travel advertising and promotions companies who market these destinations to the gay community. Coinciding with the increased visibility of LGBT people raising children in the 1990s, an increase in family-friendly LGBT tourism has emerged in the 2000s, for instance R Family Vacations which includes activities and entertainment geared towards couples including same-sex weddings. R Family's first cruise was held aboard Norwegian Cruise Lines's Norwegian Dawn with 1600 passengers including 600 children.Major companies in the travel industry have become aware of the substantial money (also known as the ""pink money"") generated by this marketing niche and have made it a point to align themselves with the gay community and gay tourism campaigns. According to a 2000 Travel University report, 10% of international tourists were gays and lesbians,  accounting for more than 70 million arrivals worldwide. This market segment is expected to continue to grow as a result of ongoing acceptance of LGBT people and changing attitudes towards sexual and gender minorities. Outside larger companies, LGBT tourists are offered other traditional tourism tools, such as networks of LGBT individuals who offer each other hospitality during their travels and even home swaps where people live in each other's homes.  Also, available worldwide are social groups for resident and visiting gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender expatriates and friends."
Libel tourism,"Libel tourism is a term, first coined by Geoffrey Robertson, to describe forum shopping for libel suits. It particularly refers to the practice of pursuing a case in England and Wales, in preference to other jurisdictions, such as the United States, which provide more extensive defenses for those accused of making derogatory statements.A critic of English defamation law, journalist Geoffrey Wheatcroft attributes the practice to the introduction of no win no fee agreements, the presumption that derogatory statements are false, the difficulty of establishing fair comment and ""the caprice of juries and the malice of judges."" Wheatcroft contrasts this with United States law since the New York Times Co. v. Sullivan case. ""Any American public figure bringing an action now has to prove that what was written was not only untrue but published maliciously and recklessly.""Two other critics of English defamation law, the US lawyers Samuel A. Abady and Harvey Silverglate, have cited the example of Irish–Saudi businessman Khalid bin Mahfouz, who by the time of his death in 2009,  had threatened suit more than 40 times in England against those who accused him of funding terrorism. Mahfouz also took legal action in Belgium, France and Switzerland against those repeating the accusations. George W. Bush advisor Richard Perle threatened to sue investigative reporter Seymour Hersh in London, because of a series of critical articles Hersh had written about him.A series of cases involving US citizens being sued in English courts led to new laws in both countries. In the United States, the SPEECH Act unanimously passed the US Congress, which makes foreign defamation judgments unenforceable in US courts if they do not meet US free speech standards. In England and Wales, the Defamation Act 2013 requires plaintiffs to show that England is the proper jurisdiction to hear a case when the defendant does not live in England or Wales."
Literary tourism,"Literary tourism is a type of cultural tourism that deals with places and events from literary texts as well as the lives of their authors. This could include visiting particular place associated with a novel or a novelist, such as a writer's home, or grave site, following routes taken by a fictional characters, visiting places mentioned in poems, as well as visiting museums dedicated to specific writers, works, regional literatures, and literary genres."
Medical tourism,"Medical tourism refers to people traveling abroad to obtain medical treatment. In the past, this usually referred to those who traveled from less-developed countries to major medical centers in highly developed countries for treatment unavailable at home. However, in recent years it may equally refer to those from developed countries who travel to developing countries for lower-priced medical treatments. With differences between the medical agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA), etc., which decide whether a drug is approved in their country or region, or not, the motivation may be also for medical services unavailable or non-licensed in the home country. 
Medical tourism most often is for surgeries (cosmetic or otherwise) or similar treatments, though people also travel for dental tourism or fertility tourism. People with rare conditions may travel to countries where the treatment is better understood. However, almost all types of health care are available, including psychiatry, alternative medicine, convalescent care, and even burial services.
Health tourism is a wider term for travel that focuses on medical treatments and the use of healthcare services. It covers a wide field of health-oriented tourism ranging from preventive and health-conductive treatment to rehabilitational and curative forms of travel. Wellness tourism is a related field."
Motorcycle touring,"Motorcycle touring is a format of tourism that involves a motorcycle. It has been a subject of note since at least 1915.Motorcycle touring involves special equipment and techniques. A touring motorcycle optimized for long range travel and luggage carrying capacity may be used. Special preparations involved include route planning for unfamiliar areas, packing tools that might be needed, finding food, making overnight stops, finding fuel in remote areas, and physical care of the rider's body. It may involve camping or attending motorcycle rallies along the way.Some riders take touring to extremes with rides of thousands to over 100,000 miles or kilometers, and lasting years or decades (see Long-distance motorcycle riding and List of long-distance motorcycle riders). These long-distance riders may also join specialized societies such as the German Globetrotter Club and publish. Some notable works concerning such tours include The Gasoline Tramp or Around the World on a Motorcycle by Carl Stearns Clancy;  India: The Shimmering Dream and other works by Max Reisch; The Motorcycle Diaries by Che Guevara; Fastest Man Around the World and other works by Nick Sanders;  Jupiter's Travels by Ted Simon; Riding the Edge and Riding the Ice book and video by Dave Barr; Motorcycle Touring by Peter Thoeming and Peter Rae; the film Sjaak the World and the book Life on 2 wheels written by Sjaak Lucassen; the Long Way Round and Long Way Down book and television series by  Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman; and Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road by Neil Peart.
Motorcycle touring supports a large amount of commerce, not only the sale of motorcycles but also substantial amounts of equipment. Riding suits alone can cost thousands of dollars. By a 2014 estimate, over 40% of all street motorcycles sold in the United States were touring models. Some companies cater to tourists who need to rent a motorcycle. One mass-market magazine in the US, Roadrunner Motorcycle Touring & Travel is devoted to motorcycle touring as is Australian Motorcyclist Magazine in Australia. Brokers offers ""motorcycle cruising"", in which they arrange to bring owners with their bikes on board a cruise ship from the United States to the Caribbean Islands, handling the requisite legal paperwork to ride in Bermuda and elsewhere.Starting in 2018, Chicago-based Twisted Road and Los Angeles-based Riders Share offer peer-to-peer motorcycle rentals, allowing motorcycle self-tours nationally in the U.S."
Music cruise,"A music cruise is a type of cruise ship tourism whose purpose centers around a musician, band, or musical lineup with performances by the act or acts and interaction between the cruise-goers and the stars. Music cruises can be thematic in genre, such as jazz, blues, rock, a musical era such as the 1980s, country, and others, or may center around a particular musician, band or related bands. Music cruises feature musical performances by the act or acts, and involve social activities between fans and cruise performers such as Meet and Greets, question and answer sessions, and parties.Music cruises have grown in popularity significantly in the United States since the 1990s, to the point of popular music festivals such as Coachella are offering at-sea versions of their concert series and band such as KISS, Weezer, Motörhead, and solo acts like Kid Rock have done music cruises. While music cruises usually have an older demographic, there are still concerns about alcohol-related incidents taking place on board.Examples of music cruises include Holy Ship! – held annually since 2012 – and Jam Cruise – held fourteen times since 2004 – both of which sail out of PortMiami."
Music tourism,"Music tourism is the act of visiting a city or town, to see a music festival or other music performances. This sort of tourism is particularly important to small villages such as Glastonbury, as well as large cities like Glasgow.
The fairly recent jam band phenomenon is a contemporary example that encourages music tourism. Music festivals are visited by many tourists annually.
The Artful Music Tourist Board is a movement, started to celebrate this, in 2003 by musicians and their friends at The Paradise Bar (now Royal Albert pub) in London, UK."
Nautical tourism,"Nautical tourism, also called water tourism, is tourism that combines sailing and boating with vacation and holiday activities. It can be travelling from port to port in a cruise ship, or joining boat-centered events such as regattas or landing a small boat for lunch or other day recreation at specially prepared day boat-landings. It is a form of tourism that is generally more popular in the summertime.
First defined as an industry segment in Europe and South America, it has since caught on in the United States and the Pacific Rim."
Neocolonial racism,"Neocolonial racism is a subgroup of racism, inspired by the power dynamics left by the power and wealth disparages of a colonial landscape.
This subgroup of racism is typified by a hierarchy of classes dictated by race or ethnic group whose place in the hierarchy coincides with the level of the ethnic group during time of the foreign control; often colonial racism is seen as a power tool of elites to maintain order.  Some qualities of the racism include a mainstream history that is imposed by elites, ""willfully accepted false memories"" of popular icons who fought the racial ideas, and large disparages between the elite of colonial ruler ethnicity and the poor of the colonized ethnicity.  Most often this type of racism lends to continuous and long term violence, but it can also include power dynamics continued by volunteering activities.  It does not apply when Native peoples dominate the political landscape after an uprising or forced destruction of the invaders control, nor when the invasion itself was ineffective and never completed."
Orphanage tourism,"Orphanage tourism is a type of tourism in which the wealthy of western countries visit orphanages in poorer countries. The practice has been described as commodifying the orphans for the benefit of tour operators and the management of the orphanages, while the tourists are exploited for their money. The children are expected to be ""poor but happy"" and are encouraged to engage in inappropriately intimate encounters with strangers with the risk of abuse."
Package tour,"A package tour, package vacation, or package holiday comprises transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a tour operator. Other services may be provided such as a rental car, activities or outings during the holiday. Transport can be via automobile, buses, charter airline, and may also include travel between areas as part of the holiday. Package holidays are a form of product bundling.
Package holidays are organised by a tour operator and sold to a consumer by a travel agent. Some travel agents are employees of tour operators, others are independent."
Pop-culture tourism,"Pop-culture tourism is the act of traveling to locations featured in popular literature, film, music, or any other form of media. Also referred to as a ""Location Vacation"".
Pop-culture tourism is in some respects akin to pilgrimage, with its modern equivalents of places of pilgrimage, such as Elvis Presley's Graceland and the grave of Jim Morrison in Père Lachaise Cemetery."
Recreational drug tourism,"Recreational drug tourism is travel for the purpose of obtaining or using drugs for recreational use that are unavailable, illegal or very expensive in one's home jurisdiction. A drug tourist may cross a national border to obtain a drug that is not sold in one's home country, or to obtain an illegal drug that is more available in the visited destination. A drug tourist may also cross a sub-national border (from one province, county or state to another) to do the same, as in cannabis tourism, or purchase alcohol or tobacco more easily, or at a lower price due to tax laws or other regulations.
Empirical studies show that drug tourism is heterogeneous and might involve either the pursuit of mere pleasure and escapism or a quest for profound and meaningful experiences through the consumption of drugs.
Drug tourism has many legal implications, and persons engaging in it sometimes risk prosecution for drug smuggling or other drug-related charges in their home jurisdictions or in the jurisdictions they are visiting, especially if they bring their purchases home rather than using them abroad. The act of traveling for the purpose of buying or using drugs is itself a criminal offense in some jurisdictions.
Along with all other tourism, drug tourism is also slowed down (or in some places halted) temporarily, due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
Recreational travel,"Recreational travel involves travel for pleasure and recreation. 
Following the introduction of rail transport (note the concept of the railway excursion), the automobile has made recreational travel more available for people worldwide. Automobiles also allow the easy hauling of trailers, travel trailers, popup campers, off-road vehicles, boats and bicycles, which fosters recreational travel."
Religious tourism,"Religious tourism, spiritual tourism, sacred tourism, or faith tourism, is a type of tourism with two main subtypes: pilgrimage, meaning travel for religious or spiritual purposes, and the viewing of religious monuments and artefacts, a branch of sightseeing."
Rishikesh,"Rishikesh, also spelt as Hrishikesh, is a city near Dehradun in Dehradun district of the Indian state Uttarakhand. It is situated on the right bank of the Ganges River and is a pilgrimage town for Hindus, with ancient sages and saints meditating here in search of higher knowledge. There are numerous temples and ashrams built along the banks of the river.It is known as the ""Gateway to the Garhwal Himalayas"" and ""Yoga Capital of the World"". The city has hosted the annual ""International Yoga Festival"" on the first week of March since 1999. Rishikesh is a vegetarian-only and alcohol-free city.The Tehri Dam is located 86 km (53 mi) away from Rishikesh. Uttarkashi, a popular yoga destination, is 170 km (110 mi) uphill on the way to Gangotri. Rishikesh is the starting point for traveling to the four Chota Char Dham pilgrimage places: Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri. It is also a starting point for Himalayan tourist destinations such as Harsil, Chopta, Auli, as well as summer and winter trekking destinations like Dodital, Dayara Bugyal, Kedarkantha and Har Ki Dun.
In September 2015, the Indian Minister of Tourism Mahesh Sharma announced that Rishikesh and Haridwar would be the first ""twin national heritage cities"". As of 2021, Rishikesh has a total population of 322,825 with the tehsil including the city and its 93 surrounding villages.The city is governed by Rishikesh Municipal Corporation and tehsil."
River cruise,"A river cruise is a voyage along inland waterways, often stopping at multiple ports along the way. Since cities and towns often grew up around rivers, river cruise ships frequently dock in the center of cities and towns.

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Romance tours,"Romance tours are tours that men take in search of a relationship, girlfriend or even a marriage. In some such tours, the men and potential brides interact in brief parties arranged by the hosting company.
A large number of romance tours take place every year throughout the world. Romance tours first began in Russia and CIS, but have recently moved into other parts of the world such as South America. Tours also take place in many parts of Asia. 
Once couples have met on a romance tour, an agency arranges ""one on one"" dates between the man and the women he found most compatible.  The ultimate goal of the tour is for the man to find a compatible wife.
Romance tours are just one part of the mail-order bride business, which may also include catalogs, CD-ROMs and the Internet. The traditional romance tour, seen by some as superficial, is being somewhat replaced by the internet as technology evolves. However, the two are closely linked as a man eventually has to meet his prospective wife using a well-organized method of meeting and dating.
Romance tours should not be confused with sex tourism, because the ultimate goal of a sex tourist is usually not marriage."
Rural tourism,"Rural tourism is a tourism that focuses on actively participating in a rural lifestyle. It can be a variant of ecotourism. Many villages can facilitate tourism because many villagers are hospitable and eager to welcome or host visitors. Agriculture has become more mechanized and requires less manual labor. This trend is causing economic pressure on some villages, which in turn causes young people to move to urban areas. There is however, a segment of the urban population that is interested in visiting the rural areas and understanding the lifestyle."
Safari,"A safari (; from Swahili  safari 'journey' originally from Arabic  Safar 'to journey') is an overland journey to observe wild animals, especially in Southeast Africa. The so-called ""Big Five"" game animals of Africa – lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, and Cape buffalo – particularly form an important part of the safari market, both for wildlife viewing and big-game hunting."
Scenic route,"A scenic route, tourist road, tourist route, tourist drive, holiday route, theme route, or scenic byway is a specially designated road or waterway that travels through an area of natural or cultural beauty. It often passes by scenic viewpoints. The designation is usually determined by a governmental body, such as a Department of Transportation or a Ministry of Transport."
School camp,"School camp is a form of education (typically implemented within primary schools) involving a field trip with a class' teachers to a place of natural or touristic significance. They carry some names, such as rinkangakkou (林間学校, forest school) in Japan, Schullandheim (school  hostel, school camp) in Germany, zielona szkoła (green school) in Poland, and schoolkamp (school camp) in the Netherlands."
Science tourism,"Science tourism is a travel topic grouping scientific attractions. It covers interests in visiting and exploring scientific landmarks, including museums, laboratories, observatories and universities. It also includes visits to see events of scientific interest, such as solar eclipses.
A laboratory is a workplace and many have ongoing scientific research. They may not be open to the general public, or may only offer occasional special opportunities for public access. Many observatories are open to the public at regular hours, and have tours showcasing their astronomical research."
Scuba diving tourism,"Scuba diving tourism is the industry based on servicing the requirements of recreational divers at destinations other than where they live. It includes aspects of training, equipment sales, rental and service, guided experiences and environmental tourism.Motivations to travel for scuba diving are complex and may vary considerably during the diver's development and experience. Participation can vary from once off to multiple dedicated trips per year over several decades. The popular destinations fall into several groups, including tropical reefs, shipwrecks and cave systems, each frequented by its own group of enthusiasts, with some overlap. Temperate and inland open water reef sites are generally dived by people who live relatively nearby.The industry provides both tangible and intangible goods and services. The tangible component includes provision of equipment for rental and for sale, while intangibles include education and skill development, safety and convenience by way of dive charter services and guide services on dives. Customer satisfaction is largely dependent on the quality of services provided, and personal communication has a strong influence on the popularity of specific service providers in a region.Scuba diving tourism is a growth industry, and it is necessary to consider environmental sustainability, as the expanding impact of divers can adversely affect the marine environment in several ways, and the impact also depends on the specific environment. The same pleasant sea conditions that allow development of relatively delicate and highly diverse ecologies also attract the greatest number of tourists, including divers who dive infrequently, exclusively on vacation and never fully develop the skills to dive in an environmentally friendly way. Several studies have found the main reason for contact by inexperienced divers to be poor buoyancy control, and that damage to reefs by divers can be minimized by modifying the behavior of those divers. Several methodologies have been developed with the intention of minimising the environmental impact of divers on coral reefs so that the industry can continue to develop sustainably.Scuba diving is an equipment intensive activity, requiring significant capital outlay to establish a retail outlet with the expected range of equipment and filling facilities. Dive boats are a large capital expense, with high running costs. There are also health and safety aspects for the operator and the customer. Adequate quality control is necessary to avoid providing a harmful product. The cost of qualifying as a diving instructor is significant in time and money.Economic sustainability is affected by environmental awareness and conservation, service delivery and customer satisfaction, and sustainable business management. Liability issues can be managed by the use of waivers, declarations of medical fitness to dive, adherence to industry best standards, and public liability insurance.

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Self-guided tour,"A self-guided tour is a tour in which the participant is not escorted by a guide. As with escorted tours, self-guided tours may be conducted on foot or by vehicle. Audio tours are frequently presented in a self-guided format using booklets, smart phones or standalone handheld devices, as are virtual tours."
Senior Week,"Senior Week (also known as Beach Week, Senior Trip, or Grad Week) is a week where recently graduated high school and college seniors in the United States, mainly from the East Coast and the South go to the beach to spend time with their friends. It primarily happens in June, when most of the seniors graduate. The week varies depending on different schools, and school districts, but people still flock for the bulk of the month."
Sensory tourism,"Sensory tourism is a form of tourism, that caters for people with vision impairment. Those suffering from vision impairment face many difficulties based around mainstream tourism such as access to information, navigation, safety and the knowledge of others around them. This has caused the visionless members of society to travel much less than those with no vision impairment. Combining the theories behind tourism in terms of its psychology and its relation to the senses, an inclusive experience for the visually disabled was developed. Sensory tourism engages the physical and multi-sensory aspects of tourism, enhancing the tourism experience specifically for those with, but also benefitting those without vision impairment."
Setjetting,"Set-jetting (or taking a location vacation) is the trend of traveling to destinations that were the filming locations of movies.  Examples include touring London in a high-speed boat as in the James Bond films, or visiting the stately homes that are seen in the Jane Austen adaptations. The term is a play on jet-setting, a form of luxury travel in upper-class society.
The term was first coined in the US press in the New York Post by journalist Gretchen Kelly in 2008. An analysis of the use of Geospatial technologies in set jetting was proposed by Thierry Joliveau in The Cartographic Journal. Corporations, convention and tourism boards followed the trend that year, creating their own set-jetting travel maps, like the Elizabeth: The Golden Age movie map published by VisitBritain.In June 2018, Maya Beach, made famous by Danny Boyle's 2000 film The Beach, was closed indefinitely to allow it to recover from the ecological damage of mass tourism. The beach received up to 5,000 tourists and 200 boats a day."
Shark tourism,"Shark tourism is a form of eco-tourism that allows people to dive with sharks in their natural environment. This benefits local shark populations by educating tourists and through funds raised by the shark tourism industry. Communities that previously relied on shark finning to make their livelihoods are able to make a larger profit from diving tours while protecting the local environment. People can get close to the sharks by free- or scuba diving or by entering the water in a protective cage for more aggressive species. Many of these dives are done by private companies and are often baited to ensure shark sightings, a practice which is highly controversial and under review in many areas.

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Ship watching,"Ship watching is a form of outdoor activity and tourism that is carried out worldwide by observing the passage of various ships in the waterways where there is a lot of ship traffic.In the United States, for example, ship watching is practised in Two Harbors, Minnesota, over Lake Superior, while in Japan, it is done on the ships that pass through the Uraga Channel at Kannonzaki Park, Kanagawa, Japan. In China, as many ships go up and down the Changjiang, River Bank Parks (Chinese: 江滩公园) in Hankou and in Wuchang, in the city of Wuhan, are good places to enjoy ship watching."
Slow tourism,"Slow tourism is an alternative tourism choice in contrast to mass tourism. Slow tourism is a part of the sustainable tourism family, different from mainstream tourism and emphasizing the tourist’s greater personal awareness. It is characterized by reducing mobility and by taking time to explore local history and culture, while supporting the environment. The concept emerged from the Italian Slow Food movement and the Cittaslow movement."
Slum tourism,"Slum tourism, poverty tourism, ghetto tourism or trauma tourism is a type of city tourism that involves visiting impoverished areas. Originally focused on the slums and ghettos of London and Manhattan in the 19th century, slum tourism is now prominent in South Africa, India, Brazil, Kenya, Philippines and the United States."
Smart tourism,"Smart tourism is an important component of a smart city. Tourism is one of the major components of economic growth for communities worldwide. A key requirement of tourism has been to attract more and  more  tourists  from  different  parts  of  the  world. Smart tourism refers to the application of information and communication technology, such similar to the smart cities, for developing innovative tools and approaches to improve tourism. Smart tourism is reliant on core technologies such as ICT, mobile communication, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. It supports integrated efforts at a destination to find innovative ways to collect and use data derived from physical infrastructure, social connectedness and organizational sources (both government and non-government), and users in combination with advanced technologies to increase efficiency, sustainability, experiences. The information and communication technology tools used for smart tourism include IoT, mobile communication, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. It combines physical, informational, social, and commercial infrastructure of tourism with such tools to provide smart tourism opportunities. The principles of smart tourism lie at enhancing tourism experiences, improve the efficiency of resource management, maximize destination competitiveness with an emphasis on sustainable aspects. It should also gather and distribute information to facilitate efficient allocation of tourism resources and integrate tourism supplies at a micro and macro level ensuring that the benefits are well distributed. They are observed to be effective in technologically advanced destinations such as smart cities."
Space tourism,"Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism.
During the period from 2001 to 2009, seven space tourists made eight space flights aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station, brokered by Space Adventures in conjunction with Roscosmos and RSC Energia. The publicized price was in the range of US$20–25 million per trip. Some space tourists have signed contracts with third parties to conduct certain research activities while in orbit. By 2007, space tourism was thought to be one of the earliest markets that would emerge for commercial spaceflight.: 11 Russia halted orbital space tourism in 2010 due to the increase in the International Space Station crew size, using the seats for expedition crews that would previously have been sold to paying spaceflight participants. Orbital tourist flights were set to resume in 2015 but the planned flight was postponed indefinitely. Russian orbital tourism eventually resumed with the launch of Soyuz MS-20 in 2021.On June 7, 2019, NASA announced that starting in 2020, the organization aims to start allowing private astronauts to go on the International Space Station, with the use of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and the Boeing Starliner spacecraft for public astronauts, which is planned to be priced at 35,000 USD per day for one astronaut, and an estimated 50 million USD for the ride there and back.Work also continues towards developing suborbital space tourism vehicles. This is being done by aerospace companies like Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic. SpaceX announced in 2018 that they are planning on sending space tourists, including Yusaku Maezawa, on a free-return trajectory around the Moon on the Starship."
Sports tourism,Sports tourism refers to travel which involves either observing or participating in a sporting event while staying apart from the tourists' usual environment.  Sport tourism is a fast-growing sector of the global travel industry and equates to $7.68 billion.
Spring break,"Spring break, known variously as Easter vacation, Easter holiday, Easter break, spring vacation, mid-term break, study week, reading week, reading period, Easter week or March break, is a vacation period including Easter holidays in early northern hemisphere spring at universities and schools, which has been observed in Europe since the late 19th century, was introduced during the 1930s in the US, and is observed in many other countries.
Spring break is frequently associated with extensive gatherings and riotous partying in warm climate locations, attended regardless of participants' educational standings.

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Staycation,"A staycation (a portmanteau of ""stay"" and ""vacation""), or holistay (a portmanteau of ""holiday"" and ""stay""), is a period in which an individual or family stays home and participates in leisure activities within day trip distance of their home and does not require overnight accommodation. In British English, the term has increasingly come to refer to domestic tourism: taking a holiday in one's own country as opposed to traveling abroad.Common activities of a staycation include the use of a backyard pool, visits to local parks and museums, and attendance at local festivals and amusement parks. Some staycationers also like to follow a set of rules, such as setting a start and end date, planning ahead, and avoiding routine, with the goal of creating the feel of a traditional vacation.Staycations achieved popularity in the U.S. during the financial crisis of 2007–2010. In 2020, staycations became common due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
Suicide tourism,"Suicide tourism, or euthanasia tourism, is the practice of potential suicide candidates travelling to a jurisdiction to die by suicide or assisted suicide which is legal in some jurisdictions, or the practice of travelling to a jurisdiction in order to obtain drugs that can aid in the process of ending one's own life."
Sustainable tourism,"Sustainable tourism is a concept that covers the complete tourism experience, including concern for economic, social and environmental issues as well as attention to improving tourists' experiences and addressing the needs of host communities. Sustainable tourism should embrace concerns for environmental protection, social equity, and the quality of life, cultural diversity, and a dynamic, viable economy delivering jobs and prosperity for all. It has its roots in sustainable development and there can be some confusion as to what ""sustainable tourism"" means.: 23  There is now broad consensus that tourism should be sustainable. In fact, all forms of tourism have the potential to be sustainable if planned, developed and managed properly. Tourist development organizations are promoting sustainable tourism practices in order to mitigate negative effects caused by the growing impact of tourism, for example its environmental impacts.

The United Nations World Tourism Organization emphasized these practices by promoting sustainable tourism as part of the Sustainable Development Goals, through programs like the International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development in 2017. There is a direct link between sustainable tourism and several of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).: 26  Tourism for SDGs focuses on how SDG 8 (""decent work and economic growth""), SDG 12 (""responsible consumption and production"") and SDG 14 (""life below water"") implicate tourism in creating a sustainable economy. According to the World Travel & Tourism Travel, tourism constituted ""10.3 percent to the global gross domestic product, with international tourist arrivals hitting 1.5 billion marks (a growth of 3.5 percent) in 2019"" and generated $1.7 trillion export earnings yet, improvements are expected to be gained from suitable management aspects and including sustainable tourism as part of a broader sustainable development strategy."
Tolkien tourism,"Tolkien tourism is a phenomenon of fans of The Lord of the Rings fictional universe making media pilgrimages to sites of film- and book-related significance. It is especially notable in New Zealand, site of the movie trilogy by Peter Jackson, where it is credited as having raised the annual tourism numbers."
Tombstone tourist,"Tombstone tourist (otherwise known as a ""cemetery enthusiast"", ""cemetery tourist"", ""grave hunter"", ""graver"", or ""taphophile"") describes an individual who has a passion for and enjoyment of cemeteries, epitaphs, gravestone rubbing, photography, art, and history of (famous) deaths. The term has been most notably used by author and biographer Scott Stanton as the title of his former website and book The Tombstone Tourist: Musicians (2003), about the lives and gravesites of famous musicians.Some cemetery tourists are particularly interested in the historical aspects of cemeteries or the historical relevance of their inhabitants. La Recoleta Cemetery in Buenos Aires, Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague or Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery) in Vienna, Austria carry a large array of famous inhabitants and their tombs, that make the cemeteries significant tourist destinations. The historic cemeteries of New Orleans are tourist destinations because of their relevance to the cultural history of the city.
Genealogy tourists make considerable effort to search out cemeteries and their records, to verify grave records and ancestral burial locations."
Tourism geography,"Tourism geography is the study of travel and tourism, as an industry and as a social and cultural activity. Tourism geography covers a wide range of interests including the environmental impact of tourism, the geographies of tourism and leisure economies, answering tourism industry and management concerns and the sociology of tourism and locations of tourism.
Tourism geography is that branch of human geography that deals with the study of travel and its impact on places.
Geography is fundamental to the study of tourism, because tourism is geographical in nature. Tourism occurs in places, it involves movement and activities between places and it is an activity in which both place characteristics and personal self-identities are formed, through the relationships that are created among places, landscapes and people. Physical geography provides the essential background, against which tourism places are created and environmental impacts and concerns are major issues, that must be considered in managing the development of tourism places.
The approaches to study will differ according to the varying concerns. Much tourism management literature remains quantitative in methodology and considers tourism as consisting of the places of tourist origin (or tourist generating areas), tourist destinations (or places of tourism supply) and the relationship (connections) between origin and destination places, which includes transportation routes, business relationships and traveler motivations. Recent developments in human geography have resulted in approaches such as those from cultural geography, which take more theoretically diverse approaches to tourism, including a sociology of tourism, which extends beyond tourism as an isolated, exceptional activity and considering how travel fits into the everyday lives and how tourism is not only a consumptive of places, but also produces the sense of place at a destination. The Tourist by Dean MacCannell and The Tourist Gaze by John Urry are classics in this field."
Urban tourism,"Urban tourism or also called City tourism is a form of tourism that takes place in the large human agglomerations, usually in the main cities or urban areas of each country."
Virtual tour,"A virtual tour  is a simulation of an existing location, usually composed of a sequence of videos, still images or 360-degree images. It may also use other multimedia elements such as sound effects, music, narration, text and floor map. It is distinguished from the use of live television to affect tele-tourism.The phrase  ""virtual tour"" is often used to describe a variety of videos and photographic-based media. Panorama indicates an unbroken view, since a panorama can be either a series of photographs or panning video footage. However, the phrases ""panoramic tour"" and ""virtual tour"" have mostly been associated with virtual tours created using still cameras. Such virtual tours are made up of a number of shots taken from a single vantage point. The camera and lens are rotated around what is referred to as a no parallax point (the exact point at the back of the lens where the light converges).
A video tour is a full motion video of a location. Unlike the virtual tour's static wrap-around feel, a video tour is a linear walk-through of a location. Using a video camera, the location is filmed  at a walking pace while moving continuously from one point to another throughout the subject location. 3D virtual tours can be created using 3D reconstruction."
Visiting friends and relatives,"Visiting friends and relatives (VFR tourism / VFR travel) is a substantial form of travel worldwide. 
One definition put forward has been ""VFR travel is a form of travel involving a visit whereby either (or both) the purpose of the trip or the type of accommodation involves visiting friends and / or relatives""   This has subsequently been developed into a VFR definitional model to describe it visually.VFR expenditures tend to be quite broad; spread widely throughout the community rather than confined to the narrow tourism sector (McKercher, 1995). In some expenditure categories, VFR travellers have been shown to outspend non-VFR travellers (Seaton & Palmer, 1997; Morrison, Verginis et al., 2000) 

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Walking tour,"A walking tour is a tour of a historical or cultural site undertaken on foot, frequently in an urban setting. Short tours can last under an hour, while longer ones can take in multiple sites and last a full day or more. A walk can be led by a tour guide, as an escort.

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War tourism,"War tourism is recreational travel to active or former war zones for purposes of sightseeing or historical study.  The term may be used pejoratively to describe thrill-seeking in dangerous and forbidden places. In 1988, P. J. O'Rourke applied the pejorative meaning to war correspondents."
Water tourism,
Wellness tourism,"Wellness tourism is voluntary travel to world-wide destinations for the purpose of promoting health and well-being through physical, psychological, or spiritual activities.Wellness tourism aims to control stress levels and promote a healthy lifestyle. Specific types of wellness tourism include meditation and multiple types of yoga, such as classical or exercise-based, as well as treatments that include conventional, alternative, complementary, herbal, or homeopathic medicine. These types of wellness tourism account for the global market growth of the industry and the impact and issues that are currently within the industry or will occur in the future."
Whale watching,"Whale watching is the practice of observing whales and dolphins (cetaceans) in their natural habitat. Whale watching is mostly a recreational activity (cf. birdwatching), but it can also serve scientific and/or educational purposes. A study prepared for International Fund for Animal Welfare in 2009 estimated that 13 million people went whale watching globally in 2008. Whale watching generates $2.1 billion per annum in tourism revenue worldwide, employing around 13,000 workers. The size and rapid growth of the industry has led to complex and continuing debates with the whaling industry about the best use of whales as a natural resource."
Wildlife tourism,"Wildlife tourism is an element of many nations' travel industry centered around observation and interaction with local animal and plant life in their natural habitats. While it can include eco- and animal-friendly tourism, safari hunting and similar high-intervention activities also fall under the umbrella of wildlife tourism. Wildlife tourism, in its simplest sense, is interacting with wild animals in their natural habitat, either by actively (e.g. hunting/collection) or passively (e.g. watching/photography). Wildlife tourism is an important part of the tourism industries in many countries including many African and South American countries, Australia, India, Canada, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Maldives among many. It has experienced a dramatic and rapid growth in recent years worldwide and many elements are closely aligned to eco-tourism and sustainable tourism.
According to United Nations World Tourism Organization, with an annual growth about 3%, 7% of world tourism industry relates to wildlife tourism. They also estimates that the growth is much higher in places like UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Wildlife tourism currently employs 22 million people worldwide directly or indirectly, and contributes more than $ 120 billion to global GDP. As a multimillion-dollar international industry, wildlife tourism is often characterized by the offering of customized tour packages and safaris to allow close access to wildlife."
Yeshiva Week,"Yeshiva Week is the informal term for a vacation period occurring annually in mid to late January, in which many Jewish day schools and yeshivas afford time off to their students. It is primarily a North American phenomenon.  These schools have winter vacation then to avoid possible halachic issues with the typical American winter vacation held from Christmas to New Year's."
Yoga tourism,"Yoga tourism is travel with the specific purpose of experiencing some form of yoga, whether spiritual or postural. The former is a type of spiritual tourism; the latter is related both to spiritual and to wellness tourism. Yoga tourists often visit ashrams in India to study yoga or to be trained and certified as yoga teachers. Major centres for yoga tourism include Rishikesh and Mysore. 
While the Himalayas is the birthplace of yoga and a major yoga tourism destination, yoga retreats and holidays are provided in many countries, varying from simple stays in guesthouses and ashrams to 5-star comfort in luxury resorts."
Adventure travel,"Adventure travel is a type of niche tourism, involving exploration or travel with a certain degree of risk (real or perceived), and which may require special skills and physical exertion. In the United States, adventure tourism has grown in recent decades as tourists seek out-of-the-ordinary or ""roads less traveled"" vacations, but lack of a clear operational definition has hampered measurement of market size and growth. According to the U.S.-based Adventure Travel Trade Association, adventure travel may be any tourist activity that includes physical activity, a cultural exchange, and connection with nature.Adventure tourists may have the motivation to achieve mental states characterized as rush or flow,  resulting from stepping outside their comfort zone. This may be from experiencing culture shock or by performing acts requiring significant effort and involve some degree of risk, real or perceived, or physical danger. This may include activities such as mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, mountain biking, cycling, canoeing, scuba diving, rafting, kayaking, zip-lining, paragliding, hiking, exploring, canyoneering, sandboarding, caving and rock climbing. Some obscure forms of adventure travel include disaster and ghetto tourism. Other rising forms of adventure travel include social and jungle tourism.
Access to inexpensive consumer technology, with respect to Global Positioning Systems, flashpacking, social networking and photography, have increased the worldwide interest in adventure travel. The interest in independent adventure travel has also increased as more specialist travel websites emerge offering previously niche locations and sports.
Adventure sports tourism has traditionally been dominated by men. Although women's participation has grown, the gender gap is still pronounced in terms of quantitative engagement in these forms of sport tourism. Yet, in competitive adventure sport tourism, the success rate of females is currently higher than that of males"
Adventure Consultants,"Adventure Consultants, formerly Hall and Ball Adventure Consultants, is a New Zealand-based adventure company that brings trekking and climbing groups to various locations.  Founded by Rob Hall and Gary Ball in 1991, it is known for its pioneering role in the commercialisation of Mount Everest and the 1996 Mount Everest climb during which eight people died, including Hall, a guide, and two Adventure Consultant clients.Prior to starting Adventure Consultants, Hall and Ball climbed the Seven Summits in a seven-month time frame.  Heavily covered by the media, they became celebrities in New Zealand. They undertook 47 expeditions together; their friendship was noted in the mountaineering world.Following the deaths of Ball and Hall, the company was purchased by Guy Cotter, who continued to operate the business."
Adventure Life,"Adventure Life is an adventure travel company offering private journeys, small group tours, and expedition voyages throughout the world. From their beginnings as a Latin America specialist in South America and Central America land tours, they have grown to now offer trips around the globe including less conventional destinations such as Africa, the Arctic, Antarctica and Alaska.
Their focus is nature, cultural, and active travel, and they apply ecotourism principles to their tour and cruise programs.  Most trips have a maximum group size of 12, yet typically run with 6 or fewer travelers. A large portion of travelers arrange customized or private itineraries. Since their founding in 1999, over 24,000 clients have traveled with the company.
Adventure Life is registered in the State of Montana as ALJ, Inc., and they do business as Adventure Life."
Adventure racing,"Adventure racing (also called expedition racing) is typically a multidisciplinary team sport involving navigation over an unmarked wilderness course with races extending anywhere from two hours up to two weeks in length. Some races offer solo competitions as well. The principal disciplines in adventure racing include trekking, mountain biking, and paddling although races can incorporate a multitude of other disciplines including climbing, abseiling, horse riding, skiing and white water rafting. Teams generally vary in gender mix and in size from two to five competitors, however, the premier format is considered to be mixed-gender teams of four racers. There is typically no suspension of the clock during races, irrespective of length; elapsed competition time runs concurrently with real-time, and competitors must choose if or when to rest."
Agritourism,Agritourism or agrotourism involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch.
Ainori,"Ainori (あいのり), literally ""love ride"" but can also be read ""ride together"" or ""car pool"", is a popular television program that runs Monday evenings from 11 pm in Japan on Fuji TV. It debuted on October 11, 1999.  The show originally ended on March 23, 2009 but returned under the name ""Ainori 2"" on December 25, 2010, running through April 30, 2011. 
Ainori was revived by Fuji TV and Netflix beginning with Asian Journey, which was first broadcast on the streaming platform in November 2017 and on Fuji TV in January 2018. Both media outlets also aired the second season of Asian Journey as well as the first season of African Journey, which was available on Netflix in late 2019 and on Fuji TV in early 2020."
All Aussie Adventures,"All Aussie Adventures, also known as Russell Coight's All Aussie Adventures, is an Australian mockumentary television series that parodies the travel-adventure genre. Comedian  Glenn Robbins plays Russell Coight, a survival and wildlife expert who charts his disastrous travels through Australia, spreading misinformation and causing accidents. 
The series originally ran for two seasons on Network Ten from 5 August 2001 to 29 September 2002. A telemovie, Russell Coight's Celebrity Challenge, which featured fictional celebrities joining Coight in the outback, aired on 14 November 2004. A third season premiered on 5 August 2018."
Around the World in 80 Treasures,"Around the World in 80 Treasures is a 10-episode art and travel documentary series by the BBC, presented by Dan Cruickshank, and originally aired in February, March, and April 2005. The title is a reference to Around the World in Eighty Days, the classic adventure novel by Jules Verne.
In this series, Cruickshank takes a five-month world tour visiting his choices of the eighty greatest man-made treasures, including buildings and artifacts. His tour takes him through 34 countries and 6 of the 7 continents (he does not visit Antarctica). He did not visit Iraq due to the dangerous state of the country at the time.
In addition to seeing some of the world's greatest treasures, Cruickshank tries many different kinds of food including testicle, brain, and insects. His means of transportation included airplanes, trains, camel, donkey, foot, hot air balloon, bicycle, scooter, Volkswagen Beetle, hang glider, and boats.
A tie-in book of the same title was also published, written as a journal during the trip and containing much behind-the-scenes detail on the making of the programme in addition to Cruikshank's reflections on the treasures themselves.
Cruickshank's fondness of architecture is evident, with many of his chosen treasures being buildings or other man-made structures.
The official BBC DVD of the series was released on 19 May 2008. Licenses for DVD releases have been sold to many countries around the world.
The UKTV channel Eden frequently repeats the series.  However episodes are edited down to 46 minutes, to allow for adverts to be shown in the one-hour time slot.

"
Asian Trekking,"Asian Trekking is a Nepal based adventure company, specialising in mountaineering expeditions and trekking in the Himalaya. Started in december 1981 by UIAA Honorary Member Ang Tshering Sherpa , it is Nepal's oldest mountaineering and trekking company still in operation. In 2008, Ang Tshering's son, renowned environmentalist and mountaineer Dawa Steven Sherpa, took over the leadership of the company and continues to serve as the managing director to this day.
Asian Trekking is known to run personalised expeditions, providing expedition support a spectrum of services from base camp only support to service to the summit. According to the Himalayan Database, Asian Trekking has organised 889 mountaineering expeditions in Nepal and Tibet- including 284 expeditions on Mount Everest-  making it the company with the most number of expeditions organised."
Aspiring Adventures,"Aspiring Adventures is a small-group adventure travel company with operations in South America (specifically, Peru, Ecuador, and Patagonia), New Zealand, Australia, Myanmar and Vanuatu.The travel company was formed specifically for travelers interested in hiking, biking, kayaking and other outdoor activities, along with a focus on unique cultural events, local food and locally owned accommodations."
Big Onion Walking Tours,"Big Onion Walking Tours is the largest walking tour company in New York City.  The company has offered tours of the city since 1991.  Big Onion shows visitors & tourists alike the diverse fabric of urban neighborhoods, using as guides doctoral students PhDs who are studying history or closely related fields."
Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern,"Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern is a travel and cuisine television show hosted by Andrew Zimmern on the Travel Channel in the US. The first season began on Monday, February 6, 2007, at 9pm ET/PT.
Bizarre Foods focuses on regional cuisine from around the world which is typically perceived as being disgusting, exotic or bizarre. In each episode, Zimmern focuses on the cuisine of a particular country or region. He typically shows how the food is procured, where it is served and, usually without hesitation, eats it.
Originally a one-hour documentary titled Bizarre Foods of Asia, repeated showings on the Travel Channel drew consistent, considerable audiences. In late 2006, TLC decided to turn the documentary into a weekly, one-hour show with the same premise and with Zimmern as the host. In 2009, Zimmern took a break from Bizarre Foods to work on one season of the spin-off Bizarre World."
Blindfolded tourism,"Blindfolded tourism (also cecitourism) is a form of experimental travel, consisting of a guided tour in which the tourist is blindfolded while being talked through the visited areas, as opposed to traditional sightseeing. A blind tour is a different experience owing to the absence of one vital sense, sight, thereby stimulating the other relevant senses, namely hearing, feel and smell. The concept has been related to that of the dark restaurant, where there is no light for diners to see what they eat.A ""blindfold tour"" to savour the smells of the City of London was proposed as far back as 1970. More recently, blindfolded tours have been offered in a range of mainly urban locations, including tours of Prague Castle, Tirana in Albania, Vancouver, and the Alfama quarter of Lisbon. The German artist Christian Jankowski has undertaken two blind tours: one in Dubai and one in Montevideo, where he led a group of blindfolded journalists.In some cases a blind tour may involve offering the tourist a video of their tour following completion of the tour."
BridgeClimb Sydney,"BridgeClimb Sydney is an Australian tourist attraction.
BridgeClimb guides guests on a climb of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Since its launch on 1 October 1998, BridgeClimb has welcomed over 4 million people onto the Sydney Harbour Bridge arches. The company guides guests on with ""entertaining and educational"" commentary from ""climb leaders"" as well as views of Sydney and the surrounds.Four different types of climbs are offered, as of July 2021. The BridgeClimb, the original climb since 1998, takes guests to the top of the bridge along the upper arch in a round-trip that takes over three hours, including preparation time. BridgeClimb Insider guides guests to the interior of the steel bridge and then to the top in just over 2.5 hours. BridgeClimb also offers the ""Ultimate Climb"", which sees climbers traverse the entire bridge from South to North, and back again. In 2021 BridgeClimb launched 'Burrawa', with a focus on commentary covering the Indigenous history of Sydney Harbour with an Indigenous Storyteller as their guide.The different climbs are available at dawn, day, twilight and night and also offers special climbs for some of Sydney's events, like the Vivid Climb and the Anzac Day Dawn Climb.There have been over 4,000 proposals at the summit of the bridge and couples also have the option to get married on the bridge, 134 m (440 ft) above Sydney Harbour. The experience has also attracted many famous actors, musicians and members of royalty including Matt Damon, Kylie Minogue, Zac Efron, Robert De Niro, Prince Harry, Oprah Winfrey and Ben Stiller.Anyone over the age of eight years and in good health can climb. There is no maximum age, with the oldest climber being 100 years old. To book a climb, visitors can visit the website, and the price is from 198 Australian dollars."
Bunkhouse,"A bunkhouse is a barracks-like building that historically was used to house working cowboys on ranches, or loggers in a logging camp  in North America. As most cowboys were young single men, the standard bunkhouse was a large open room with narrow beds or cots for each individual and little privacy. The bunkhouse of the late 19th century was usually heated by a wood stove and personal needs were attended to in a cookhouse and an outhouse."
Buried Worlds with Don Wildman,"Buried Worlds with Don Wildman (or Buried Worlds for short) is a documentary reality television series that follows TV host and adventurer Don Wildman on his quest to find the mysteries of long-lost worlds.
The first season of eight episodes premiered on Travel Channel on Monday June 8, 2020 at 9/8c."
BurroCross,"BurroCross is self-reliant (unsupported) backcountry travel on foot (hiking or backpacking) in the company of a burro (Equus africanus asinus) where, similar to Overlanding the experience of the journey itself is the principle objective. (Unlike Overlanding, BurroCross is non-mechanized travel that relies on the capabilities of a burro companion and thereby presents an entirely new skill focus required for the journey.) BurroCross is a non-competitive sport or recreational activity that proceeds at a walking pace and is centered on utilizing the overland capabilities of burros for companionship and sharing the burden of carrying the gear necessary to sustain the journey. The burro and the person progress through the journey and the experience as a team, side-by-side, therefore the burro is not ridden. The term ""BurroCross"" is a unique play on words that combines ""burro"" with the notion of cross-country travel, and it is also a nod to the familiar cross-shaped marking down the back and across the shoulders of most burros.
BurroCross can be done as a solo activity (one person, one burro) or as a group of person / burro pairs. Multiple burros may be used in a string, but usually no more than 2 per person is necessary or desirable. A BurroCross outing can take the form of a day hike, but generally multi-day excursions are preferable with BurroCross thru-hiking or section-hiking regarded as the pinnacle achievement of the sport."
Chernobyl stalking,
City of Ragusa,"City of Ragusa of Liverpool was a 20-foot (6 m) yawl (in 19th-century terms), owned by Nikola Primorac, which twice crossed the Atlantic in the early days of 19th-century small-boat ocean-adventuring. She carried the former alternative name of Dubrovnik, the birthplace of her owner. She was originally a ship's boat of a merchantman. The 1870 east-west trip between Ireland and the United States was crewed by John Charles Buckley, a middle-aged Irishman with seagoing experience, and Primorac, a Croatian and tobacconist. The crew on the west–east return trip of 1871 were Primorac and a ""lad"" called Edwin Richard William Hayter from New Zealand, who had been a steward on the steamer City of Limerick of the Inman Line.
Following each trip, the ship and crew were the subject of much international public attention, and President Grant viewed the City of Ragusa after she reached America. From 1872, the ship was exhibited in various places in England including the Crystal Palace, and finally at Liverpool Museum where she was destroyed in 1941 when Liverpool was bombed. After the adventure, Primorac resumed his life as a tobacconist in Liverpool, and ultimately died in Rainhill Asylum. Hayter returned to New Zealand, and Buckley made at least one other ocean adventuring trip at the end of 1871: a cargo-ship race involving the Hypathia."
Cultural tourism,"Cultural tourism is a type of tourism activity in which the visitor's essential motivation is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination. These attractions/products relate to a set of distinctive material, intellectual, spiritual, and emotional features of a society that encompasses arts and architecture, historical and cultural heritage, culinary heritage, literature, music, creative industries and the living cultures with their lifestyles, value systems, beliefs and traditions."
Departures (TV series),"Departures (also promoted as departures.) is an adventure travel television series. An original Canadian production created by Andre Dupuis and Scott Wilson and produced by Jessie Wallace and Steven Bray. The worldwide premiere was with the Canadian Channel OLN on March 17, 2008, and continued for a total of 42 episodes ending on June 19, 2010.
Series co-creators Scott Wilson (Host) and Andre Dupuis (Director and Videographer) have said that he and Wilson worked on another show, but that it seemed ""kind of dry"", and that it was not carrying across the feelings that they had, thinking he and Wilson ""could probably do a better job""."
Disaster tourism,"Disaster tourism is the practice of visiting locations at which an environmental disaster, either natural or human-made, has occurred. Although a variety of disasters are the subject of subsequent disaster tourism, the most common disaster tourist sites are areas surrounding volcanic eruptions.Opinions on the morality and impact of disaster tourism are divided. Advocates of disaster tourism often claim that the practice raises awareness of the event, stimulates the local economy, and educates the public about the local culture, while critics claim that the practice is exploitative, profits on loss, and often mischaracterize the events in question."
Steve Dubbeldam,"Steve Dubbeldam is a Canadian-American entrepreneur, adventurer, and fashion designer."
Ecotourism,"Ecotourism is a form of tourism marketed as ""responsible"" travel (using what proponents say is sustainable transport) to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. The stated purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and human rights.
Since the 1980s, ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavour by environmentalists, who say they want future generations to experience destinations relatively untouched by human intervention.: 33  Ecotourism may focus on educating travelers on local environments and natural surroundings with an eye to ecological conservation. Some include in the definition of ecotourism the effort to produce economic opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources financially possible.Generally, ecotourism deals with interaction with biotic components of the natural environments. Ecotourism focuses on what advocates define as socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is intended to offer tourists an insight into the impact of human beings on the environment and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats. Ecotourism aims at minimal environmental impact on the areas visited. Besides fostering respect towards the natural environment, ecotourism endeavors to create socio-economic benefits for the communities of the area visited.
Responsible ecotourism programs include those that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities. For these reasons, ecotourism often appeals to advocates of environmental and social responsibility.
Many consider the term ""ecotourism"", like ""sustainable tourism"" (which is a related concept but broader), an oxymoron. Like most long-distance travel, ecotourism often depends on air transportation, which contributes to climate change. Additionally, ""the overall effect of sustainable tourism is negative where like ecotourism philanthropic aspirations mask hard-nosed immediate self-interest."""
Eisenbahn-Romantik,"Eisenbahn-Romantik (literally: ""railway romance"") is a German television programme, broadcast by SWR. It portrays railway-related reports, whose content covers modern railway systems, museum railways and their facilities as well as items on model railway layouts worldwide. Politics and criticism is not left out; the series reports on closures, controversial model ideas, delays to reconstruction plans or smart commuter transport concepts. The broadcast has been presented since its inception by 
Hagen von Ortloff."
Expedition Unknown,"Expedition Unknown is an American reality television series produced by Ping Pong Productions, that follows explorer and television presenter Josh Gates as he investigates mysteries and legends. The series premiered on January 8, 2015 and originally aired on Travel Channel before moving to Discovery Channel in 2018."
Extreme tourism,"Extreme tourism (also often referred to as shock tourism, although both concepts do not appear strictly similar) is a niche in the tourism industry involving travel to dangerous places (mountains, jungles, deserts, caves, canyons, etc.) or participation in dangerous events. Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the main attraction, ""adrenaline rush"" caused by an element of risk, and differ mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism.
Some extreme attractions are the following:

Chernobyl Tours – Ukraine
Swimming in the Devil's Pool in Victoria Falls – Zambia and Zimbabwe
Walking the Plank at Mount Hua – China
Death Road Tour – Bolivia
Green Zone – Baghdad, Iraq
Sac Actun tours – Riviera Maya, Mexico
Cave of Swallows – Mexico
Pole of Cold – Oymyakon, Yakutia, Siberia
Titanic wreckage – Atlantic Ocean
Mount Everest
Space tourism
Yemen"
Fastpacking,"Fastpacking is a combination of trail running and ultralight backpacking: ""hiking the ups, jogging the flats, and running the downs,"" depending on the gradient, because of the weight carried. Participants carry a light pack with essential supplies, including a sleeping bag and tent, or similar form of shelter, if mountain huts or other accommodation is not available. The weight carried will vary but fastpackers aim at no more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg) and some achieve less than 10 pounds (4.5 kg). This activity may be undertaken either unsupported, self-supported, or supported. ""Unsupported fastpackers make no use of outside assistance along the route"", while self-supported fastpackers will leave caches of supplies along the intended route.
Fastpacking involves covering a considerable distance over several days with a pack, which requires both mental and physical strength. Established, well-traveled long distance trails are used because ""with minimal extra food and clothing, getting stuck in the backcountry for an extended period of time can quickly become a dangerous proposition""."
Frontier Adventure Sports & Training,"Frontier Adventure Sports and Training (FAST) is the most establishedneeds citation adventure race organizer in Canada, in operation since 1997. Frontier Adventure Sports has established an international reputation for solid logistics and challenging racecourses.  FAST hosts events under several banners: the Frontier Adventure Challenge, Raid the North and Raid the North Extreme.  These non-stop races range in length from 8 hours to six days and require coed teams of three or four to hike, mountain bike, paddle and negotiate fixed ropes, while navigating an unmarked racecourse through the wilderness."
G Adventures,"G Adventures is an operator of small-group escorted tours. It is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada with 28 offices worldwide. It offers more than 700 itineraries in more than 100 countries, and carries 200,000 travelers from 160 countries each year.The company has a focus on responsible travel and partners with the National Geographic Society, creating a program of 80 tours called National Geographic Journeys with G Adventures."
Game drive (Wildlife tourism),"Game drive or sometimes also written gamedrive is a word which is based on two words, namely game and drive. The word game refers to animals that are not domesticated, the so-called wildlife. The word drive refers to a drive with a vehicle.
A game drive is usually part of a safari, a trip or a journey. It can be carried out with own cars like in national parks or game reserves, or it can be a guided tour in specially for that purpose adapted off-road vehicles led by a professional safari guide. Those 4 × 4 game viewing vehicles are designed to allow a safer trip for tourists. On farms and lodges however, a game drive is an adventure that entails viewing wildlife in an off-road car, always accompanied by safari guides or the farmer himself, who will explain the animal's behavior and interpret the bush.Guided game drives mostly take place in the early morning, late afternoon or in the evening, because most animals are more active during cooler times of the day."
Germany's Most Beautiful Railways,"Die Schönsten Bahnstrecken Deutschlands (Germany's Most Beautiful Railways) was a regular night-time feature on Germany's ARD television channel which ran from 3 September 1995 to 28 October 2013.The programme was a real-time, mostly uninterrupted, recording of railway journeys as viewed from the driver's cab. There was no commentary or music, but the sounds of the recording were retained for broadcast. Small interruptions did occur if the train was traversing a tunnel or sat at a station, usually cutting away to view some of the cab's controls. The camera did not pan to take in scenery, being fixed in the forward position for the duration of the journey.
External shots of the train and the station building, and occasionally the wider town, were included at the route termini. A simple map of the route was displayed on screen at the beginning of the programme, and whilst the train was stationary in a station, the name of that station was also displayed. No supplementary information was provided.
The programme was used to fill the time between other programmes and as such was often cut short without explanation, so the following programme could start as scheduled.
Broadly considered a successful programme, there were two spin-offs: Die Schönsten Bahnstrecken Europas (Europe's Most Beautiful Railways) and Die Schönsten Bahnstrecken der Welt (The World's Most Beautiful Railways). These followed the same format and went to picturesque routes such as Glasgow to Mallaig, which was recorded on 8 September 1997.Many of the journeys were released on VHS and DVD."
Get Lost Magazine,"get lost Magazine is an independent adventure travel magazine based in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy in Victoria, Australia.  
The magazine, which comes out quarterly, is published by Grin Creative and was founded in 2004 by Publisher Justin Jamieson. The magazine is internationally circulated via print and also digitally through the Get Lost Travel Magazine app, available through iTunes and Amazon.
The magazine seeks out unique travel experiences around the globe for travellers wishing to explore and take holidays that are not found in brochures. It covers places to stay, bars, food, festivals, travel gadgets, eco-travel ideas, and a range of activities from all continents, so people can experience local cultures away from hoards of other travellers.
get lost Magazine Editor is Carrie Hutchinson, a widely published travel writer.
In October 2016 get lost Magazine celebrated its 50th issue."
Getting Dirty in Japan,Getting Dirty in Japan (ゲッティング・ダーティ・イン・ジャパン) is a Japanese adventure tourism television series made by Tokyo Cowboys and is hosted by Swedish outdoor specialist and reporter Janni Olsson with Christopher McCombs as a co-host. The series is available on Amazon Prime Video in Japan and Tubi in North America.
The Global Scavenger Hunt,"The Global Scavenger Hunt is an annual international travel adventure competition in which two-person teams travel around the world in competition with other teams vying to win the title of ""The World’s Greatest Travelers""."
Globe Trekker,"Globe Trekker (sometimes called Pilot Guides in Australia and Thailand,  and originally broadcast as Lonely Planet) is a British adventure tourism television series produced by Pilot Productions. The English series was inspired by the Lonely Planet travelbooks and began airing in 1994.  Globe Trekker is broadcast in over 40 countries across six continents. The programme won over 20 international awards, including six American Cable Ace awards."
Great Railway Journeys,"Great Railway Journeys, originally titled Great Railway Journeys of the World, is a recurring series of travel documentaries produced by BBC Television. The premise of each programme is that the presenter, typically a well-known figure from the arts or media, would make a journey by train, usually through a country or to a destination to which they had a personal connection. The first series, which used the longer title, was broadcast on BBC2 in 1980.  After a 14-year hiatus, a further three series were broadcast between 1994 and 1999, using the shorter series title.  Similar series were broadcast in 1983, Great Little Railways, and 2010, Great British Railway Journeys.
The first series featured the first television travelogue by comedian and comic actor Michael Palin (""Confessions of a Trainspotter""), who later presented a number of travel series starting with Around the World in 80 Days with Michael Palin in 1989.
English musician and sound artist Chris Watson worked as an audio recorder for the fourth episode ""Los Mochis to Veracruz"" of the fourth season. Having spent between five weeks to a month on the train, Watson used field recordings of the journey for his 2011 album El Tren Fantasma."
Hang gliding,"Hang gliding is an air sport or recreational activity in which a pilot flies a light, non-motorised foot-launched heavier-than-air aircraft called a hang glider. Most modern hang gliders are made of an aluminium alloy or composite frame covered with synthetic sailcloth to form a wing. Typically the pilot is in a harness suspended from the airframe, and controls the aircraft by shifting body weight in opposition to a control frame.
Early hang gliders had a low lift-to-drag ratio, so pilots were restricted to gliding down small hills. By the 1980s this ratio significantly improved, and since then pilots have been able to soar for hours, gain thousands of feet of altitude in thermal updrafts, perform aerobatics, and glide cross-country for hundreds of kilometers. The Federation Aeronautique Internationale and national airspace governing organisations control some regulatory aspects of hang gliding. Obtaining the safety benefits of being instructed is highly recommended and indeed a mandatory requirement in many countries."
Heli hiking,"Heli hiking is a recreational activity in which a helicopter is used to access remote areas of the back country for hiking. These locations are typically inaccessible through other forms of transportation. Along with heli skiing, heli hiking is one of the most popular forms of heli tourism. It falls within the broad category of amateur adventure or activity-based tourism. It is a seasonal commercial backcountry industry, which also includes mountaineering and kayaking.Heli hiking is a form of mountain recreation in the mountainous regions of New Zealand and the Bugaboos in Canada. It is a form of glacier tourism in locations including Glacier Bay National Park, Westland Tai Poutini National Park, and Ilulissat Icefjord."
Hiking,"Hiking is a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails or footpaths in the countryside. Walking for pleasure developed in Europe during the eighteenth century. Religious pilgrimages have existed much longer but they involve walking long distances for a spiritual purpose associated with specific religions.
""Hiking"" is the preferred term in Canada and the United States; the term ""walking"" is used in these regions for shorter, particularly urban walks. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, the word ""walking"" describes all forms of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps. The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling, hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England). The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927. In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping. It is a popular activity with numerous hiking organizations worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits."
Himalaya with Michael Palin,"Himalaya with Michael Palin is a 2004 BBC television series  presented by comedian and travel presenter Michael Palin. It records his six-month trip around the Himalaya mountain range area. The trip covered only 4,800 km (3,000 miles) horizontally, but involved a lot of vertical travelling, including several treks into the mountains. The highest point attained by Palin was Everest Base Camp at 5,300 metres (17,500 feet).
A book by the same name written by Palin was published to accompany the series. This book contained both Palin's text and many pictures by Basil Pao, the stills photographer on the team. Basil Pao also produced a separate book of the photographs he took during the journey, Inside Himalaya, a large coffee-table style book printed on glossy paper."
Himex,"Himex is a Mount Everest guiding company. It was founded in 1996 by New Zealander Russell Brice. The name is a truncated version of the full name ""Himalayan Experience"". National Geographic said Himex was the ""largest and most sophisticated guiding operation on Everest"" in a 2013 article. Himex's team is known for fixing lines on Mount Everest, although in 2012 other teams did this work.Three of the expeditions of this company were filmed in the television show Everest: Beyond the Limit between 2006 and 2009. In 2013, David Tait achieved his fifth Mount Everest summiting with a Himex team. (see also List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit)
Brice has pushed for many years to use helicopters to fly gear over the Khumbu Icefall to the Nepal-side Camp I, to enhance safety. In the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal earthquakes Himex pulled out from summiting Everest that season.A distinctive feature of Himex's Mount Everest base camp is the social tent, the ""Tiger Dome"", about 50 feet (15 m) across, climate controlled and with a large window to look out of, offering espresso, wine and other drinks, and television, music, web-connected computers, and gaming devices."
Hostel,"A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory, with shared use of a lounge and sometimes a kitchen. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex and have private or shared bathrooms. Private rooms may also be available, but the property must offer dormitories to be considered a hostel. Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers. They are part of the sharing economy. Benefits of hostels include lower costs and opportunities to meet people from different places, find travel partners, and share travel ideas. Some hostels, such as in India or Hostelling International, cater to a niche market of travelers. For example, one hostel might feature in-house social gatherings such as movie nights or communal dinners, another might feature local tours, one might be known for its parties, and another might have a quieter place to relax in serenity, or be located on the beach. Newer hostels focus on a more trendy design interior, some of which are on par with boutique hotels. Some may cater to older digital nomads, global nomads, and perpetual travelers that prefer slightly more upmarket private rooms or a quieter atmosphere. 
Many hostels are locally owned and operated, and are often cheaper for both the operator and occupants than hotels. Hostels may offer long-term lodging to guests for free or at a discount in exchange for work as a receptionist or in housekeeping.
There are approximately 10,000 hostels in Europe and approximately 300 hostels in the United States. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. 
In addition to shared kitchen facilities, some hostels have a restaurant and/or bar. Washing machines and clothes dryers are often provided for an additional fee. Hostels sometimes have entryways for storing gear. Most hostels offer lockers for safely storing valuables. Some bare-bones hostels do not provide linens. Some hostels may have a curfew and daytime lockouts, and some, albeit few, require occupants to do chores apart from washing and drying after food preparation. 
A mobile hostel is a temporary hostel that can take the form of a campsite, bus, van, or a short-term arrangement in a permanent building. They have been used at large festivals or trips where there is a shortage of lodging. 
In some cities, hostels reported a higher average income per room than hotels. For example, in Honolulu, Hawaii, upscale hotels reported average daily room rates of $173 in 2006, while hostel rooms brought in as much as $200 per night, for rooms of eight guests paying $25 each. Even during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, many hostels reported increased occupancy numbers at a time when hotel bookings were down. 
A 2013 study in Australia showed that youth travel was the fastest-growing travel demographic and that the hostel industry was growing at a faster rate than the hotel industry. It showed that youth travel can lead to higher overall spending due to longer trips than traditional vacations. In New Zealand, backpackers hostels had a 13.5% share of lodging guests/nights in 2007."
Hostelling International USA,"Hostelling International USA (HI USA), also known as American Youth Hostels, Inc. (AYH), is a nonprofit organization that operates youth hostels and runs programs around those hostels. It is the official United States affiliate of Hostelling International (HI), also known as the International Youth Hostel Federation. It is incorporated as a not-for-profit organization, with its headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland."
International Expeditions,"International Expeditions (IE) was a travel company specializing in small-group adventure travel. The company was founded in 1980 and located in Helena, Alabama. In October 2021, it was rebranded as Exodus Travel, an existing brand owned by parent company Travelopia."
Intrepid Travel,"Intrepid Travel is a small group adventure travel company. The company offers more than 1,100 escorted tours worldwide with an average of 10 travellers per tour. Intrepid is a B Corporation, certified to meet the standards of verified social and environmental performance, public transparency, and legal accountability to balance profit and purpose. Its a non profit organization..Intrepid Foundation has raised more than A$12 million to support communities where it travels.Tours are led by local tour guides, often use public transport and stay at locally-owned accommodation. The company's headquarters are in Melbourne where it was founded with more than 30 offices worldwide, including Toronto and London. The company is vertically-integrated as it creates and operates its own tours. It also runs tours on behalf of other companies through its destination management company, Intrepid DMC.Intrepid Travel is majority owned by its co-founders and staff, via a company share scheme."
Jungle Cruise,"Jungle Cruise, formally named Jungle River Cruise, is a riverboat amusement ride located in the Adventureland themed section at various Disney theme parks worldwide. The attraction is a simulated riverboat cruise that travels along a waterway using a concealed guidance system through areas with Asian, African, and South American themes. Park guests board replica steam launches from a 1930s British explorers' lodge, and Audio-Animatronic exotic animals are displayed throughout the ride. A live Disney cast member acts as a tour guide and boat skipper that loosely follows a rehearsed script, providing passengers with a comedic narrative.
The first installation of the ride was featured at Disneyland for its grand opening in 1955. A variety of changes were made over the years, including enhanced audio effects, updates to the storyline, and the removal of culturally-sensitive material. The installation at Hong Kong Disneyland features a significantly different storyline from the other parks and provides guests with three different language options, each with its own line queue. Following years of planning and delays, a film adaptation of the ride was released in the United States on July 30, 2021.

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Jungle tourism,"Jungle tourism is a subcategory of adventure travel defined by active multifaceted physical means of travel in the jungle regions of the earth. Although similar in many respects to adventure travel, jungle tourism pertains specifically to the context of region, culture and activity. According to the Glossary of Tourism Terms, jungle tours have become a major component of green tourism in tropical destinations and are a relatively recent phenomenon of Western international tourism. 
Of the regions that take part in tourism-driven sustainable development practices and eco tourism, Mexican, Central and South American practices are the most pervasive in the industry; notably Mayan jungle excursions. Other regions include jungle territories in Africa, Australia, and the South Pacific."
Lines on a Map,"Lines on a Map: Unparalleled Adventures in Modern Exploration is a book by Canadian author and adventurer Frank Wolf. It is his first book, published in October 2018 by Rocky Mountain Books."
Madventures (Finnish TV program),"Madventures is a Finnish travel documentary television program that concentrates on backpacking in the most off-the-beaten-path destinations on the planet. It is presented by Riku Rantala and Tuomas ""Tunna"" Milonoff. As the show's director and cameramen, they travel around the world exploring different cultures. They emphasize that they are on a journey, not on a holiday. The show often features local practices that are culturally unacceptable or controversial where the episodes air, to the point where the showmakers have been accused of deliberate, excessive use of shock imagery.
The show premiered in Finland on the channel Sub, on 13 October 2002. Its international premiere was in the United States on the Travel Channel on 21 September 2009. The United Kingdom premiere on Fiver is not yet decided. Originally Internationally, Madventures is distributed by the Target Entertainment Group.
The show includes a ""MadCook"" section, in which the travellers attempt to eat some of the least favoured dishes around the world — for example, monkey brains in the Amazon Rainforest and dog meat in Bali. Another light hearted feature are the waking up scenes, where Milonoff will often shock Rantala while he is still asleep in bed."
Momentum Adventure,Momentum Adventure is a company that specializes in adventure holidays. It was founded by Mathew Robertson in 2005.
Mountain biking,"Mountain biking is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into five distinct categories: cross country, trail riding, all mountain (also referred to as ""Enduro""), downhill, and freeride."
Mountain Madness,"Mountain Madness is a  Seattle-based mountaineering and trekking company. The company specializes in mountain adventure travel and has a training school for mountain and rock climbing.

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Mountain pass,"A mountain pass is a navigable route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Since many of the world's mountain ranges have presented formidable barriers to travel, passes have played a key role in trade, war, and both human and animal migration throughout history. At lower elevations it may be called a hill pass. A mountain pass is typically formed between two volcanic peaks or created by erosion from water or wind."
Nat Geo People,"Nat Geo People is an international pay television channel owned by National Geographic Partners, a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company (73%) and the National Geographic Society (27%). Targeted at female audiences, with programming focusing on people and cultures, the channel is available in 50 countries in both linear and non-linear formats."
Overlanding,"Overlanding or 4WD Touring is self-reliant overland travel to remote destinations where the journey is the principal goal. Typically, but not exclusively, it is accomplished with mechanized off-road capable transport (from bicycles to trucks) where the principal form of lodging is camping, often lasting for extended lengths of time (months to years) and spanning international boundaries.

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Overseas Adventure Travel,"Overseas Adventure Travel (O.A.T.) is part of the family of travel companies owned by Boston-based Grand Circle Corporation, offering group tourism to Africa, the Arctic, Asia, Central and South America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. O.A.T. has small groups with a maximum of 16 travelers on land trips and 25 travelers on trips with a ship portion. O.A.T. has also been recognized for leadership in tourism and in philanthropy."
Paragliding,"Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. The pilot sits in a harness or lies prone in a cocoon-like 'pod' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.
Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to five hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. By skillful exploitation of sources of lift, the pilot may gain height, often climbing to altitudes of a few thousand metres."
Paragliding in Azerbaijan,"Paragliding in Azerbaijan is quite young and even though Azerbaijan has a rich sporting heritage, little was known about the sport of paragliding and air sport, generally, at the beginning of the century. Early in the sports development some ex-parachute jumpers and short term foreign visitors were trying to develop the sport, but with no real success. As of 2015, the community consisted of about 20 pilots, members of the sporting clubs RockStone, Gilavar, Climb Club, CanFly. Pilots are required to follow Fédération Aéronautique Internationale main safety requirements and ethics."
Robert Young Pelton,"Robert Young Pelton (born July 25, 1955) is a Canadian-American author, journalist, and documentary film director. Pelton's work usually consists of conflict reporting and interviews with military and political figures in war zones.
Pelton has been present at conflicts such as the Battle of Qala-i-Jangi in Afghanistan, the Battle of Grozny (1999–2000) in Chechnya, the rebel siege to take Monrovia in Liberia, and the siege on Villa Somalia in Mogadishu, and has been with ground forces in about 40 other conflicts.
He spent time with the Taliban and the Northern Alliance pre-9/11, the CIA during the hunt for Osama bin Laden and also with both insurgents and Blackwater security contractors during the war in Iraq.Pelton's regularly published survival and political guide The World's Most Dangerous Places, provides practical and survival information for people who work and travel in high-risk zones, and is a New York Times bestseller. He was also the host of the Discovery Travel Channel series entitled Robert Young Pelton's The World's Most Dangerous Places from 1998 to 2003. Now residing in Los Angeles, Pelton currently writes books and produces documentaries on conflict-related subjects and documentaries."
Recreational travel,"Recreational travel involves travel for pleasure and recreation. 
Following the introduction of rail transport (note the concept of the railway excursion), the automobile has made recreational travel more available for people worldwide. Automobiles also allow the easy hauling of trailers, travel trailers, popup campers, off-road vehicles, boats and bicycles, which fosters recreational travel."
"Red, White and Blue (ship)","Red, White and Blue of New York was a ship-rigged, 26-foot (7.9 m) lifeboat that, with her crew John Morley Hudson, Francis Edward Fitch and Fanny the dog, broke an American record for a small vessel by crossing the Atlantic from New York to Margate in 38 days in 1866.
She had a pressed and moulded, galvanised iron hull, and her masts, spars and sails were like those of a full-sized clipper, but sized in proportion to the hull. The voyage was tough. The crew endured heavy weather, a leaking hull, and spoiled stores; the dog died at sea.
The ship and crew received the welcome due to them at Margate, but some of the British public found it difficult to credit the success of the attempt, although the voyage was ultimately proved genuine. The ship was exhibited in 1866 at The Crystal Palace, London, and in 1867 at the Exposition Universelle, Paris, where Hudson was granted an interview with Emperor Louis Napoleon.
The original purpose of the voyage was to provide publicity for Oliver Roland Ingersoll's invention, Ingersoll's Improved Metallic Lifeboat. The exhibition of the ship in London and Paris was intended to consolidate that publicity and to attract orders from shipowners. However the temporary British controversy about the validity of the crossing attempt, and Hudson's consequent difficulties and debts, contributed to the rather quiet way in which this story ended."
Rotel Tours,"Rotel Tours is a tour operator that specializes in overlanding via ""rolling hotels"", custom built buses in which guests also sleep. The buses can sleep 24-34 guests, a driver and a tour guide. Guests ride in front during the day, and then move to a triple deck of berths in the rear at night.The company is a subsidiary of Georg Höltl GmBH & Co. KK, based in Tittling, Bavaria, Germany.
The company offers tours on 6 continents."
Safari,"A safari (; from Swahili  safari 'journey' originally from Arabic  Safar 'to journey') is an overland journey to observe wild animals, especially in Southeast Africa. The so-called ""Big Five"" game animals of Africa – lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, and Cape buffalo – particularly form an important part of the safari market, both for wildlife viewing and big-game hunting."
Seven Summit Treks,"Seven Summit Treks, is a commercial adventure operator, based in Kathmandu, Nepal.  They are specialized in Eight-thousander of Nepal, China, and Pakistan. Established by four Sherpa brothers including Mingma Sherpa, Chhang Dawa Sherpa, Tashi Lakpa Sherpa and Pasang Phurba Sherpa. Mingma and his brother Chhang Dawa are the first siblings to have climbed all 8000ers, Mingma was the first and Dawa was the second South Asian to do so.
As of 2019, Seven Summit Treks (Est. 2010) is recognized and recorded as largest royalty/taxpayer firm of Nepal having organised the highest numbers of climbing expeditions over Nepal Himalayas. Seven Summit Treks gained popularity from managing logistic for number of pioneer and veteran climbers like Alex Txikon, Carlos Soria Fontán."
Brook Silva-Braga,"Brook Silva-Braga (born March 27, 1979) is an American documentary film producer. He shared a Primetime Emmy Award for his production of Inside the NFL. He is best known from his documentary, A Map for Saturday, in which he produced, directed, and starred. This award-winning film is about his adventures as a backpacker for 11 months in 2005, in which he stayed in various hostels, and was released in 2007. His second film, One Day in Africa, was released in 2009. In 2011 his third film was released, The China Question. He is currently an on-air reporter for The Washington Post and freelances for CBS Newspath."
Slum tourism,"Slum tourism, poverty tourism, ghetto tourism or trauma tourism is a type of city tourism that involves visiting impoverished areas. Originally focused on the slums and ghettos of London and Manhattan in the 19th century, slum tourism is now prominent in South Africa, India, Brazil, Kenya, Philippines and the United States."
Somewhere Street,"Somewhere Street (世界ふれあい街歩き, Sekai Fureai Machiaruki) is a Japanese television program produced and broadcast by NHK. It began airing in 2005, and the program is available on NHK's international English language service NHK World dubbed into English."
Speed flying and speed riding,"Speed-flying and speed riding are advanced disciplines of paragliding that use a small, high-performance paraglider wing to quickly descend heights such as mountains. Speed flying and speed riding are very similar sports; speed flying is when the speed wing is foot-launched, while speed riding is a winter sport done on skis."
Sports+Travel Hong Kong,Sports + Travel Hong Kong is a free travel magazine based in Hong Kong and targeted at English readers. It is published bi-monthly.
Sunday drive,"A Sunday drive is an automobile trip, primarily in the United States, Australia and New Zealand, typically taken for pleasure or leisure on a Sunday, usually in the afternoon. During the Sunday drive, there is typically no destination and no rush."
Tomifobia Nature Trail,"The Tomifobia Nature Trail (French: Sentier Nature Tomifobia) is a 19 km rail trail in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec.  It follows the old route of a Canadian Pacific railway from Ayer's Cliff to Stanstead. In between, it passes through parts of Stanstead-Est, Stanstead Township, and Ogden.
The trail is made of a gravel surface, and is open for cyclists, hikers, and cross-country skiers. It closes for maintenance between mid-March and mid-May every two years. The trail is privately owned and maintained by the Sentiers Massawippi nonprofit organization, which is funded by private donations, corporate partners and funds from surrounding municipalities.
The trail was completely converted for touristic purposes after the removal of the railway tracks in 1992, however parts of it were already informally used by hikers for a decade prior to opening. The last Quebec Central revenue freight train to use the line was on December 5, 1988(the last Canadian Pacific train, a detour freight, ran on November 29, 1988)."
Trans Canada Trail,"The Trans Canada Trail, officially named The Great Trail between September 2016 and June 2021, is a cross-Canada system of greenways, waterways, and roadways that stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific to the Arctic oceans. The trail extends over 24,000 km (15,000 mi); it is now the longest recreational, multi-use trail network in the world. The idea for the trail began in 1992, shortly after the Canada 125 celebrations. Since then it has been supported by donations from individuals, corporations, foundations, and all levels of government.Trans Canada Trail (TCT) is the name of the non-profit group that raises funds for the continued development of the trail. However, the trail is owned and operated at the local level.
On August 26, 2017, TCT celebrated the connection of the trail with numerous events held throughout Canada. TCT has said it now plans to make the trail more accessible, replace interim roadways with off-road greenways, add new spurs and loops to the trail, and fund emergency repairs when needed."
Urban exploration,"Urban exploration (often shortened as UE, urbex and sometimes known as roof and tunnel hacking) is the exploration of manmade structures, usually abandoned ruins or hidden components of the manmade environment. Photography and historical interest/documentation are heavily featured in the hobby, sometimes involving trespassing onto private property. Urban exploration is also called draining (a specific form of urban exploration where storm drains or sewers are explored), urban spelunking, urban rock climbing, urban caving, building hacking, or mousing.
The activity presents various risks, including physical danger and, if done illegally and/or without permission, the possibility of arrest and punishment. Some activities associated with urban exploration violate local or regional laws and certain broadly interpreted anti-terrorism laws, or can be considered trespassing or invasion of privacy."
Wanderlust,Wanderlust is a strong desire  to wander or travel and explore the world.
We Said Go Travel,"We Said Go Travel is an online blog with over sixteen hundred writers from seventy five countries contributing articles. Stories are shared with photos and video from a perspective of the transformative power of travel. We Said Go Travel has hosted live and online events as well as travel writing contests.

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Wild Scotland,Wild Scotland is the Scottish Wildlife and Nature Tourism Operators Association - a not-for-profit organisation made up of wildlife and nature tourism professionals.Formed in 2003 the association has more than 80 members which represents one quarter of Scotland's wildlife tourism businesses.
Wildlife tourism,"Wildlife tourism is an element of many nations' travel industry centered around observation and interaction with local animal and plant life in their natural habitats. While it can include eco- and animal-friendly tourism, safari hunting and similar high-intervention activities also fall under the umbrella of wildlife tourism. Wildlife tourism, in its simplest sense, is interacting with wild animals in their natural habitat, either by actively (e.g. hunting/collection) or passively (e.g. watching/photography). Wildlife tourism is an important part of the tourism industries in many countries including many African and South American countries, Australia, India, Canada, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Maldives among many. It has experienced a dramatic and rapid growth in recent years worldwide and many elements are closely aligned to eco-tourism and sustainable tourism.
According to United Nations World Tourism Organization, with an annual growth about 3%, 7% of world tourism industry relates to wildlife tourism. They also estimates that the growth is much higher in places like UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Wildlife tourism currently employs 22 million people worldwide directly or indirectly, and contributes more than $ 120 billion to global GDP. As a multimillion-dollar international industry, wildlife tourism is often characterized by the offering of customized tour packages and safaris to allow close access to wildlife."
"Woodswomen, Inc.","Woodswomen, Inc. was a nonprofit organization focusing on education and adventure travel operated by women, for women out of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 1977 to 1999. Woodswomen was one of the first adventure travel companies serving exclusively women and served more than 8,000 women and 1,200 children in its tenure. It has been referred to as the 'grandmother' of women's outdoor adventure groups."
World Challenge Expeditions,"World Challenge is a for-profit UK provider of overseas adventure travel programs targeted at schools. The company was founded when a young army captain took a team of soldiers on a training mission to the snow-capped Hindu Kush mountain range in Pakistan in 1985. He realised that the personal development and camaraderie learned there would shape the team for years to come. World Challenge was later born from this experience in 1988, which created the school expedition industry.
The company operates in North America, Australia, Middle East, South East Asia and Europe. As a brand within the Travelopia Holdings Limited group, World Challenge is owned by the global investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts."
The World's Most Dangerous Places,"The World's Most Dangerous Places is handbook of survival tactics for high-risk regions first published in 1994, written by National Geographic Adventure columnist Robert Young Pelton and his contributors. The fifth edition was published in 2003."
Yamnuska Mountain Adventures,"Yamnuska Mountain Adventures is a mountaineering school and mountain adventure company located in Canmore, Alberta, Canada. The company was founded in 1975."
The Zimmern List,"The Zimmern List is a 2020 Daytime Emmy-winning travel and cuisine television show hosted by Andrew Zimmern on the Travel Channel in the US.  The first season debuted on Thursday, September 14, 2017. On May 8, 2018, the series was picked up for a second season.The Zimmern List finds Andrew visiting a different city, serving as the viewers' guide while he recounts personal food memories, shares the culinary history of each location, and shows what to eat and where to find it."
Atomic tourism,"Atomic tourism or nuclear tourism is a recent form of tourism in which visitors learn about the Atomic Age by traveling to significant sites in atomic history such as nuclear test reactors, museums with nuclear weapon artifacts, delivery vehicles, sites where atomic weapons were detonated, and nuclear power plants.In the United States, the Center for Land Use Interpretation has conducted tours of the Nevada Test Site, Trinity Site, Hanford Site, and other historical atomic age sites, to explore the cultural significance of these Cold War nuclear zones. The book Overlook: Exploring the Internal Fringes of America describes the purpose of this tourism as  ""windows into the American psyche, landmarks that manifest the rich ambiguities of the nation's cultural history."" A Bureau of Atomic Tourism was proposed by American photographer Richard Misrach and writer Myriam Weisang Misrach in 1990.Visitors to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone often visit the nearby deserted city of Pripyat. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome), which survived the destruction of Hiroshima, is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site at the center of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.  Bikini Atoll was at one time the site of a diving tourism initiative. As of 2012, China planned to build a tourist destination at its first atomic test site, the Malan Base at Lop Nur in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.During the early atomic age when fission was viewed as a sign of progress and modernity, the city of Las Vegas and its Chamber of Commerce nicknamed Vegas as the ""Atomic City"" in the mid-1940s and early 1950s in an attempt to attract tourists. So called ""bomb viewing parties"" took place on desert hilltops, or more famously at the panoramic Sky Room at the Desert Inn, and casinos held Miss Atomic pageants while serving Atomic Cocktails.Several nuclear power plants offer tours of the facilities or provide education at visitor centers."
National Air and Space Museum,"The National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, is a museum in Washington, D.C., in the United States dedicated to human flight and space exploration.
Established in 1946 as the National Air Museum, its main building opened on the National Mall near L'Enfant Plaza in 1976. In 2018, the museum saw about 6.2 million visitors, making it the fifth-most-visited museum in the world, and the second-most-visited museum in the United States. In 2020, due to long closures and a drop in foreign tourism caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, museum attendance dropped to 267,000.The museum is a center for research into the history and science of aviation and spaceflight, as well as planetary science and terrestrial geology and geophysics. Almost all of its spacecraft and aircraft on display are original primary or backup craft (rather than facsimiles). Its collection includes the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia, the Friendship 7 capsule which was flown by John Glenn, Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis, the Bell X-1 which broke the sound barrier, the model of the starship Enterprise used in the science fiction television show Star Trek: The Original Series, and the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer airplane near the entrance.
The museum operates a 760,000-square-foot (71,000 m2) annex, the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, at Dulles International Airport. It includes the Mary Baker Engen Restoration Hangar, which houses the museum's restoration and archival activities. Other preservation and restoration efforts take place at the Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility in Suitland, Maryland.
The museum's main building on the National Mall is undergoing a seven-year, $360M renovation that started in 2018, during which some of its spaces and galleries are closed.

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Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion,"The Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program and the preceding Nuclear Energy for the Propulsion of Aircraft (NEPA) project worked to develop a nuclear propulsion system for aircraft. The United States Army Air Forces initiated Project NEPA on May 28, 1946. NEPA operated until May 1951, when the project was transferred to the joint Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)/USAF ANP. The USAF pursued two different systems for nuclear-powered jet engines, the Direct Air Cycle concept, which was developed by General Electric, and Indirect Air Cycle, which was assigned to Pratt & Whitney.  The program was intended to develop and test the Convair X-6, but was canceled in 1961 before that aircraft was built. The total cost of the program from 1946 to 1961 was about $1 billion.

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"Carlsbad, New Mexico","Carlsbad ( KARLZ-bad) is a city in and the county seat of Eddy County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 32,238. Carlsbad is centered at the intersection of U.S. Routes 62/180 and 285, and is the principal city of the Carlsbad-Artesia Micropolitan Statistical Area, which has a total population of 55,435. Located in the southeastern part of New Mexico, Carlsbad straddles the Pecos River and sits at the eastern edge of the Guadalupe Mountains.
Carlsbad is a hub for potash mining, petroleum production, and tourism. Carlsbad Caverns National Park is located 20 miles (32 km) southwest of the city, and Guadalupe Mountains National Park lies 54 miles (87 km) southwest across the Texas border. The Lincoln National Forest is to the northwest of town."
Hanford Site,"The Hanford Site is a decommissioned nuclear production complex operated by the United States federal government on the Columbia River in Benton County in the U.S. state of Washington. It has also been known as Site W and the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. Established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project, the site was home to the Hanford Engineer Works and B Reactor, the first full-scale plutonium production reactor in the world. Plutonium manufactured at the site was used in the first atomic bomb, which was tested in the Trinity nuclear test, and in the Fat Man bomb used in the bombing of Nagasaki.
During the Cold War, the project expanded to include nine nuclear reactors and five large plutonium processing complexes, which produced plutonium for most of the more than sixty thousand weapons built for the U.S. nuclear arsenal. Nuclear technology developed rapidly during this period, and Hanford scientists produced major technological achievements. The town of Richland, established by the Manhattan Project, became self-governing in 1958, and residents were able to purchase their properties. After sufficient plutonium had been produced, the production reactors were shut down between 1964 and 1971.
Many early safety procedures and waste disposal practices were inadequate, resulting in the release of significant amounts of radioactive materials into the air and the Columbia River, resulting in higher rates of cancer in the surrounding area. The Hanford Site became the focus of the nation's largest environmental cleanup. A citizen-led Hanford Advisory Board provides recommendations from community stakeholders, including local and state governments, regional environmental organizations, business interests, and Native American tribes. Cleanup activity was still ongoing in 2023, with over 10,000 workers employed on cleanup activities.
Hanford hosts a commercial nuclear power plant, the Columbia Generating Station, and various centers for scientific research and development, such as the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, the Fast Flux Test Facility and the LIGO Hanford Observatory. In 2015 it was designated as part of the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. Tourists can visit the site and B Reactor.

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Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park,"Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park (広島平和記念公園, Hiroshima Heiwa Kinen Kōen) is a memorial park in the center of Hiroshima, Japan. It is dedicated to the legacy of Hiroshima as the first city in the world to suffer a nuclear attack at the end of World War II, and to the memories of the bomb's direct and indirect victims (of whom there may have been as many as 140,000). The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park is visited by more than one million people each year. The park is there in memory of the victims of the nuclear attack on August 6, 1945, in which the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was planned and designed by the Japanese Architect Kenzō Tange at Tange Lab.
The location of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was once the city’s busiest downtown commercial and residential district. The park was built on an open field that was created by the explosion. Today there are a number of memorials and monuments, museums, and lecture halls, which draw over a million visitors annually. The annual 6 August Peace Memorial Ceremony, which is sponsored by the city of Hiroshima, is also held in the park. The purpose of the Peace Memorial Park is not only to memorialize the victims of the bombing, but also to perpetuate the memory of nuclear horrors and advocate world peace."
Nagasaki Peace Park,"Nagasaki Peace Park is a park located in Nagasaki, Japan, commemorating the atomic bombing of the city on August 9, 1945 during World War II. It is next to the Atomic Bomb Museum and near the Peace Memorial Hall."
National Museum of the United States Air Force,"The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official museum of the United States Air Force located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, six miles (9.7 km) northeast of Dayton, Ohio. The NMUSAF is the oldest and largest military aviation museum in the world, with more than 360 aircraft and missiles on display. The museum draws about a million visitors each year, making it one of the most frequently visited tourist attractions in Ohio.

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Nevada Test Site,"The Nevada National Security Site (N2S2 or NNSS), known as the Nevada Test Site (NTS) until 2010, is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas. Formerly known as the Nevada Proving Grounds, the site was established in 1951 for the testing of nuclear devices. It covers approximately 1,360 square miles (3,500 km2) of desert and mountainous terrain. Nuclear weapons testing at the site began with a 1-kiloton (4.2 TJ) bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat on January 27, 1951. Over the subsequent four decades, over 1,000 nuclear explosions were detonated at the site. Many of the iconic images of the nuclear era come from the site.
During the 1950s, the mushroom clouds from the 100 atmospheric tests could be seen from almost 100 mi (160 km) away. The city of Las Vegas experienced noticeable seismic effects, and the mushroom clouds, which could be seen from the downtown hotels, became tourist attractions. Westerly winds routinely carried the fallout from above-ground nuclear testing directly through St. George, Utah and southern Utah. Increases in cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, bone cancer, brain tumors, and gastrointestinal tract cancers, were reported from the mid-1950s onward. A further 828 nuclear tests were carried out underground.
From 1986 through 1994, two years after the United States put a hold on full-scale nuclear weapons testing, 536 anti-nuclear protests were held at the site, involving 37,488 participants and 15,740 arrests, according to government records.The site contains 28 areas, 1,100 buildings, 400 miles (640 km) of paved roads, 300 miles of unpaved roads, 10 heliports, and two airstrips.
Currently, Mission Support and Test Services (MSTS) is the civilian contractor for the site's management and oversees overall operations. MSTS manages and operates the site for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Security is provided by SOC LLC. MSTS is a joint venture of Honeywell International Inc., Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., and HII Nuclear, Inc."
Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant,"Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (Russian: Обнинская АЭС, romanized: Obninskaja AES; pronunciation ) was built in the ""Science City"" of Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast, about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Moscow, Soviet Union. Connected to the power grid in June 1954, Obninsk was the first grid-connected nuclear power plant in the world, i.e. the first nuclear reactor that produced electricity industrially, albeit at small scale. It was located at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering. The plant is also known as APS-1 Obninsk (Atomic Power Station 1 Obninsk). It remained in operation between 1954 and 2002, although its production of electricity for the grid ceased in 1959; thereafter it functioned as a research and isotope production plant only.According to Lev Kotchetkov, who was there at the time: ""Although utilisation of generated heat was going on, and production of isotopes was even enhanced, the main task was to carry out experimental studies on 17 test loops installed in the reactor."" The technology perfected in the Obninsk pilot plant was later employed on a much larger scale in the RBMK reactors."
Savannah River Site,"The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reservation in the United States in the state of South Carolina, located on land in Aiken, Allendale, and Barnwell counties adjacent to the Savannah River, 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Augusta, Georgia. The site was built during the 1950s to refine nuclear materials for deployment in nuclear weapons. It covers 310 square miles (800 km2) and employs more than 10,000 people.
It is owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The management and operating contract is held by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions LLC (SRNS), a partnership between Fluor Corporation, Newport News Nuclear, Inc. (a subsidiary of Huntington Ingalls Industries) and Honeywell International, and the Integrated Mission Completion contract (including the former scope of the Liquid Waste Operations contract) is held by Savannah River Mission Completion, which is a team of companies led by BWX Technologies, AECOM, and Fluor. A major focus is cleanup activities related to work done in the past for American nuclear buildup. Currently none of the reactors on-site are operating (see list of nuclear reactors), although two of the reactor buildings are being used to consolidate and store nuclear materials. SRS is also home to the Savannah River National Laboratory and the United States' only operating radiochemical separations facility. Its tritium facilities are also the United States' only source of tritium, an essential component in nuclear weapons. The United States' only mixed oxide fuel (MOX) manufacturing plant was being constructed at SRS, but construction was terminated in February 2019.  Construction was overseen by the National Nuclear Security Administration. The MOX facility was intended to convert legacy weapons-grade plutonium into fuel suitable for commercial power reactors.Future plans for the site cover a wide range of options, including host to research reactors, a reactor park for power generation, and other possible uses. DOE and its corporate partners are watched by a combination of local, regional and national regulatory agencies and citizen groups.

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Semipalatinsk Test Site,"The Semipalatinsk Test Site (Russian: Семипалатинск-21; Semipalatinsk-21), also known as ""The Polygon"", was the primary testing venue for the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons. It is located on the steppe in northeast Kazakhstan (in the former Kazakh SSR), south of the valley of the Irtysh River. The scientific buildings for the test site were located around 150 km (93 mi) west of the town of Semipalatinsk, later renamed Semey, near the border of East Kazakhstan Region and Pavlodar Region. Most of the nuclear tests taking place at various sites further to the west and the south, some as far as into Karagandy Region.
The Soviet Union conducted 456 nuclear tests at Semipalatinsk from 1949 until 1989 with little regard for their effect on the local people or environment. The full impact of radiation exposure was hidden for many years by Soviet authorities and has only come to light since the test site closed in 1991. According to estimates from Kazakh experts, 1.5 million people were exposed to fallout over the years.From 1996 to 2012, a secret joint operation of Kazakh, Russian, and American nuclear scientists and engineers secured the waste plutonium in the tunnels of the mountains.Since its closure on 29 August 1991, the Semipalatinsk Test Site has become the best-researched nuclear testing site in the world, and the only one in the world open to the public year-round."
Trinity (nuclear test),"Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon. It was conducted by the United States Army at 5:29 a.m. MWT (11:29:21 GMT) on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project. The test was conducted in the Jornada del Muerto desert about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico, on what was the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range. It was renamed the White Sands Proving Ground on July 9, 1945, and is now a part of the White Sands Missile Range. The only structures originally in the immediate vicinity were the McDonald Ranch House and its ancillary buildings, which scientists used as a laboratory for testing bomb components. A base camp was constructed, and there were 425 people present on the weekend of the test.
The code name ""Trinity"" was assigned by J. Robert Oppenheimer, the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, inspired by the poetry of John Donne. The test was of an implosion-design plutonium device, nicknamed the ""Gadget"", of the same design as the Fat Man bomb later detonated over Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945. The complexity of the design required a major effort from the Los Alamos Laboratory, and concerns about whether it would work led to a decision to conduct the first nuclear test. The test was planned and directed by Kenneth Bainbridge.
Fears of a fizzle prompted construction of ""Jumbo"", a steel containment vessel that could contain the plutonium, allowing it to be recovered; but ultimately Jumbo was not used in the test. On May 7, 1945, a rehearsal was conducted, during which 108 short tons (98 t) of high explosive spiked with radioactive isotopes was detonated. The Gadget's detonation released the explosive energy of 25 kilotons of TNT (100 TJ) ± 2 kilotons of TNT (8.4 TJ). Observers included Vannevar Bush, James Chadwick, James Conant, Thomas Farrell, Enrico Fermi, Hans Bethe, Richard Feynman, Leslie Groves, Robert Oppenheimer, Frank Oppenheimer, Geoffrey Taylor, Richard Tolman, Edward Teller, and John von Neumann.
The test site was declared a National Historic Landmark district in 1965, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places the following year.
Thousands of people lived closer to the test than would have been allowed under guidelines adopted for subsequent tests. No one living near the test was evacuated, either before or afterward."
Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum,"The Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum (Ukrainian: Український національний музей ""Чорнобиль"", Ukrayins'kyy natsional'nyy muzey ""Chornobyl'"") is a history museum in Kyiv, Ukraine, dedicated to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and its consequences. It houses an extensive collection of visual media, artifacts, scale models, and other representational items designed to educate the public about many aspects of the disaster. Several exhibits depict the technical progression of the accident, and there are also many areas dedicated to the loss of life and cultural ramifications of the disaster.
Due to the nature of the subject material, the museum provides a very visually engaging experience.
The museum occupies an early 20th-century building which formerly housed a fire brigade and was donated in 1992 by the State Fire Protection Guard."
X-10 Graphite Reactor,"The X-10 Graphite Reactor is a decommissioned nuclear reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile,  it was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile-1), and the first designed and built for continuous operation. It was built during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project.
While Chicago Pile-1 demonstrated the feasibility of nuclear reactors, the Manhattan Project's goal of producing enough plutonium for atomic bombs required reactors a thousand times as powerful, along with facilities to chemically separate the plutonium bred in the reactors from uranium and fission products. An intermediate step was considered prudent. The next step for the plutonium project, codenamed X-10, was the construction of a semiworks where techniques and procedures could be developed and training conducted. The centerpiece of this was the X-10 Graphite Reactor. It was air-cooled, used nuclear graphite as a neutron moderator, and pure natural uranium in metal form for fuel.
DuPont commenced construction of the plutonium semiworks at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge on February 2, 1943. The reactor went critical on November 4, 1943, and produced its first plutonium in early 1944. It supplied the Los Alamos Laboratory with its first significant amounts of plutonium, and its first reactor-bred product. Studies of these samples heavily influenced bomb design. The reactor and chemical separation plant provided invaluable experience for engineers, technicians, reactor operators, and safety officials who then moved on to the Hanford site. X-10 operated as a plutonium production plant until January 1945, when it was turned over to research activities, and the production of radioactive isotopes for scientific, medical, industrial and agricultural uses. It was shut down in 1963 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965."
Bicycle touring,"Bicycle touring is the taking of self-contained cycling trips for pleasure, adventure or autonomy rather than sport, commuting or exercise. Bicycle touring can range from single-day trips to extended travels spanning weeks or months. Tours may be planned by the participant or organized by a tourism business, local club or organization, or a charity as a fund-raising venture."
Adventure Cycling Association,"Adventure Cycling Association is a nonprofit member organization focused on travel by bicycle (bicycle touring). Headquartered in Missoula, Montana, Adventure Cycling develops cycling routes, publishes maps, provides guided trips, and advocates for better and safer cycling in the U.S. The organization grew from a mass cross-country bicycle ride in 1976 to celebrate the U.S. Bicentennial. Adventure Cycling also publishes a magazine, Adventure Cyclist.
Adventure Cycling celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2016 by hosting the Montana Bicycle Celebration in Missoula, promoting events like Bike Your Park Day and Bike Travel Weekend, and publishing its first-ever coffee table book, America's Bicycle Route: The Story of the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail."
Bikepacking,"Bikepacking is how a bicycle is packed for bicycle touring. As with backpacking, lightweight packing is a popular topic within bicycle packing. Any kind of bicycle can be used for bikepacking, and specialized touring bicycles often have attachment points from the factory such as low riders and luggage carriers, but most types of bicycles can be equipped with a frame bag (attached inside the frame's main triangle), saddle bag (attached to the seatpost), top tube bag and handlebar bag."
List of bicycle routes in Colorado,
Folknery,"Folknery (Ukrainian: Фолькнери) is a Ukrainian free folk band, founded in 2009 by Volodymyr Muliar and Yaryna Kvitka. The duo travels around Ukraine and other countries by bicycle, gathering traditional folk songs and recording them with additional musical elements."
Low rider bicycle luggage carrier,"A low rider is type of luggage carrier for bicycles on which luggage can be carried with a low center of gravity. Low riders are most commonly used by cycling tourists who carry luggage in panniers on the front wheel.
For optimal balance the luggage on a front carrier should be placed low, and as closely as possible to the steering axis (in line with the head tube, a little behind the front wheel axis)."
Mixed terrain cycle touring,"Mixed terrain cycle touring (nicknamed rough riding in North America and very occasionally rough stuff in parts of the United Kingdom) is the practice of cycling over a variety of surfaces and topography on a single route, with a single bicycle. The recent popularity of mixed terrain touring is in part a reaction against the increasing specialization of the bike industry.
Focusing on freedom of travel and efficiency over varied surfaces, mixed terrain bicycle travel has a storied past, one closely linked with warfare. By comparison, today’s mixed terrain riders are generally adventure oriented, although many police departments rely on the bicycle’s versatility. In parts of the world with unreliable pavement, the utility bicycle has become a dominant form of mixed terrain transportation. A new style of travel called adventure cycle-touring or expedition touring involves exploring these remote regions of the world on sturdy bicycles designed for the purpose. Off-road adventure cycling with lightweight gear, and often a rackless system, is now known as bikepacking.
Bikepacking is not a new phenomenon, and lightweight, soft-luggage touring has been in use since the 1890s. Early white settlers in Australia used bicycles with bags strapped to the handlebars and frame and under the saddle to carry loads into the Australian outback."
Cultural tourism,"Cultural tourism is a type of tourism activity in which the visitor's essential motivation is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination. These attractions/products relate to a set of distinctive material, intellectual, spiritual, and emotional features of a society that encompasses arts and architecture, historical and cultural heritage, culinary heritage, literature, music, creative industries and the living cultures with their lifestyles, value systems, beliefs and traditions."
Ancient monument,"An ancient monument can refer to any early or historical manmade structure and/or architecture. Certain ancient monuments are of cultural importance for nations and become symbols of international recognition, including the ruins of Baalbek on Lebanese currency, the Angkor Wat on Cambodian currency and the Great Wall of China on the Chinese currency. There are some countries that display ancient buildings as symbols on their coats of arms as a way to affirm national identity. In this way, ancient monuments in the modern world are used as icons to represent a country. The importance of ancient monuments extends to cultural heritage and how the people of a nation or city identify themselves.In British law, an ancient monument is an early historical structure or monument (e.g. an archaeological site) worthy of preservation and study due to archaeological or heritage interest. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 classified ancient monuments as ""scheduled monuments"" or monuments that are considered by the Secretary of State of archaeological, historical or artistic importance."
Archaeological Seminars Institute,"Archaeological Seminars Institute, Ltd. is a private company based in Jerusalem, Israel that deals with archaeology and tourism. Founded in 1981 by archaeologist Bernie Alpert and his wife, Fran Alpert, as an educational tourist facility and joined in 1985 by archaeologist Dr. Ian Stern, Archaeological Seminars Institute runs the “Dig for a Day” program in Maresha and hires out licensed tour guides for private walking tours. 
The company also ran an official English-language tour guide course for ten years.
“Dig for a Day” is a three-hour family activity that includes participating in an official archaeological excavation, licensed by the Israel Antiquities Authority, in one of the thousands of caves in the area of Maresha.  Following an introductory explanation that provides context for the excavation, the participants then descend into one of the subterranean complexes.  Inside these caves they excavate and then, above ground, sift through the material they have dug up.  Afterwards, they go on a tour (a “crawl”) of an unexcavated cave system.  Each group has its own guide for the duration of the activity. The dig ends with a short summation describing some of the most important finds, some of which are now displayed in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.Clients pay for the activity which provides funds for the ongoing excavation as well as paying for staff.  Many participants consider the dig “the highlight” of their visit to Israel.Archaeological Seminars Institute is now run by Dr. Ian Stern and his wife, Heidi Stern. The Maresha Excavation Project is operated as a full-fledged research project under the academic umbrella of the Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion.

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Archaeological tourism,"Archaeotourism or Archaeological tourism is a form of cultural tourism, which aims to promote public interest in archaeology and the conservation of historical sites."
Bookstore tourism,"Bookstore tourism is a type of cultural tourism that promotes independent bookstores as a group travel destination.  It started as a grassroots effort to support locally owned and operated bookshops, many of which have struggled to compete with large bookstore chains and online retailers.
The project was initiated in 2003 by Larry Portzline, a writer and college instructor in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania who led ""bookstore road trips"" to other cities and recognized its potential as a group travel niche and marketing tool. He promoted the concept with a how-to book and a web site, and groups around the U.S. soon began offering similar excursions, usually via a chartered bus, and often incorporating book signings, author home tours, and historical sites. The most famous bookstore tourism destination is Hay-on-Wye in Wales. In 2005-06, two regional booksellers associations—the Southern California Booksellers Association and the Northern California Independent Booksellers Association—embraced Bookstore Tourism, offering trips to independent bookstores in Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco.
The Bookstore Tourism movement encourages schools, libraries, reading groups, and organizations of all sizes to create day-trips and literary outings to cities and towns with a concentration of independent bookstores.  It also encourages local booksellers to attract bibliophiles to their communities by employing bookstore tourism as an economic development tool.  Others benefiting include local retailers, restaurants, bus companies, and travel professionals.
The effort also provides organizations with an outreach opportunity to support reading and literacy.
Portzline has traveled across the country to promote the concept.  In 2006 he created a promotional video featuring group ""bookstore road trips"" in New York City's Greenwich Village and in Los Angeles area ""beach towns"" and posted it on the Bookstore Tourism website.
Portzline took a year off in 2008, and in early 2009 began to promote the effort again, partly in response to the effects of the U.S. financial crisis on independent booksellers.
In 2007, The New York Times argued that the Pioneer Valley in Western Massachusetts, is the ""most author-saturated, book-cherishing, literature-celebrating place in"" the United States. In particular, it discussed three bookshops in the region, Amherst Books in Amherst, Massachusetts, Broadside Bookshop in Northampton, Massachusetts, and The Odyssey Bookshop in South Hadley, Massachusetts.In 2008, USA Today listed nine top bookstore travel destinations in the United States as: Books & Books in Coral Gables, Florida; City Lights Books in San Francisco; the Elliott Bay Book Company in Seattle; Politics and Prose in Washington, DC; Powell's Books in Portland, Oregon; Prairie Lights in Iowa City, Iowa; Tattered Cover in Denver, Colorado; That Bookstore in Blytheville in  Blytheville, Arkansas; and the Strand Book Store in New York City.Bookstore tourism is encouraged by organizations such as the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Antiquarian Booksellers (MARIAB).  Founded in 1976, the organization has 125 business members as of 2013, publicizes its member bookstores with a website and a free annual directory booklet, and sponsors an annual ""Pioneer Valley Book & Ephemera Fair""."
Civil War Trails Program,"The Civil War Trails Program founded by Civil War Trails, Inc. of Richmond, Virginia is a multi-state heritage tourism initiative designed to draw connections between and encourage visitation to Civil War sites. Efforts to increase visitation and signage have stepped up in recent years in preparation of the sesquicentennial of the American Civil War. This includes and increased focus on lesser known sites with the addition of directional ""trailblazer signs"" for more than 1000 previously uninterpreted Civil War sites in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina and West Virginia.  Tennessee joined the program in 2008."
Coal River Precinct,"Coal River Precinct is a heritage-listed historic precinct at Nobbys Road, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1804 to 1960. It includes Fort Scratchley, Nobbys Head, the Convict Lumber Yard site, Macquarie Pier, the breakwater and Nobby's Beach. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 19 December 2003."
Craft beer tourism,"Craft beer tourism refers to tourism where the primary motivation of travel is to visit a brewery, beer festival, beer related activity or other event that allows attendees to experience all aspects of the craft beer-making, consuming and purchasing process. Travel and tourism constitute one of the largest industries in the world, with Americans spending a total of $1.1 trillion in domestic and international travel in 2018. The beer tourism industry has evolved from the larger culinary and beverage tourism category in which people began planning travels based around experiencing food and drink of different geographies. Informally, vacations centric to the theme of enjoying beer have been dubbed ""beercations""."
"Crooked Road, Virginia","The Crooked Road is a heritage trail in Southwestern Virginia, that explores the musical history of the region along Southwest Virginia's Blue Ridge and Cumberland Mountains. The Crooked Road winds through almost 300 miles of scenic terrain in southwest Virginia, including 19 counties, four cities, and 54 towns."
Dark tourism,"Dark tourism (also Thana tourism (as in Thanatos), black tourism, morbid tourism, or grief tourism) has been defined as tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy. More recently, it was suggested that the concept should also include reasons tourists visit that site, since the site's attributes alone may not make a visitor a ""dark tourist"". The main attraction to dark locations is their historical value rather than their associations with death and suffering. Holocaust tourism contains aspects of both dark tourism and heritage tourism."
Dark Tourist (TV series),"Dark Tourist is a New Zealand documentary series about the phenomenon of dark tourism, presented by journalist David Farrier. The series, which was released by Netflix, has eight episodes.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a second season was not made."
Destination painting,"A destination painting or bucket list painting is a painting that in itself may inspire cultural tourism to a museum or other destination. Often such a work would be considered a ""masterpiece"". A more general characterization would be destination art."
Dracula tourism,"Dracula tourism is a type of cultural tourism involving travel to sites associated with Dracula and his real or imaginary travels.
There is Dracula Tourism mainly in Transylvania, Romania but also in Ireland and in the United Kingdom.
The most well-known Dracula Tourism locations to visit in Romania are: 
Dracula Museum in Bucharest, that presents both the story of real-life Dracula, the Wallachian prince Vlad III Dracula, aka the Impaler and also the one of the mythical Dracula, the blood-thirsty vampire.

Bran Castle (""Castelul Bran""), considered to be the home of Dracula
The City of Sighisoara, where you can visit the house in which Vlad the Impaler was born
Old Princely Court (""Palatul Curtea Veche"") in Bucharest
Snagov Monastery (""Manastirea Snagov""), where, according to the legend, Vlad's remains were buried
The ruins of the Poenari Fortress (considered to be the authentic Dracula's Castle)
The village of Arefu, where Dracula legends are still told
The city of Brasov, where Vlad led raids against the Saxons merchants
The village of Piatra Fantanele, where a Dracula Hotel was built in the very same place Bram Stoker placed the Dracula Castle in his novel Dracula."
Film tourism,"Film tourism, or film induced tourism, is a specialized or niche form of tourism where visitors explore locations and destinations which have become popular due to their appearance in films and television series. The term also encompasses tours to production studios as well as movies or television-related parks. This is supported by several regression analyses that suggest a high correlation between destinations taking a proactive approach in order to encourage producers/studios to film at their location, and the tourism success in the area after the release of the movie. This is consistent with induced demand theory. When the supply increases, in the form of media exposure to areas that were not regarded as tourist hotspots, the number of visitors increases, even though the majority of these new visitors would not have necessarily visited these areas previously. This is exemplified by a Travelsat Competitive Index study that indicated that in 2017 alone, approximately 80 million tourists made the decision to travel to a destination based primarily on its feature in a television series or film. This figure has doubled since 2015."
Grand Tour,"The Grand Tour was the principally 17th- to early 19th-century custom of a traditional trip through Europe, with Italy as a key destination, undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a tutor or family member) when they had come of age (about 21 years old).
The custom—which flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s and was associated with a standard itinerary—served as an educational rite of passage. Though it was primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of other Protestant Northern European nations, and, from the second half of the 18th century, by some South and North Americans.
By the mid-18th century, the Grand Tour had become a regular feature of aristocratic education in Central Europe as well, although it was restricted to the higher nobility. The tradition declined in Europe as enthusiasm for classical culture waned, and with the advent of accessible rail and steamship travel—an era in which Thomas Cook made the ""Cook's Tour"" of early mass tourism a byword starting in the 1870s.
However, with the rise of industrialization in the United States in the 19th century, American Gilded Age nouveau riche adopted the Grand Tour for both sexes and among those of more advanced years as a means of gaining both exposure and association with the sophistication of Europe. Even those of lesser means sought to mimic the pilgrimage, as satirized in Mark Twain's enormously popular Innocents Abroad in 1869.
The primary value of the Grand Tour lay in its exposure to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance, and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent. It also provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art, and possibly the only chance to hear certain music.
A Grand Tour could last anywhere from several months to several years. It was commonly undertaken in the company of a cicerone, a knowledgeable guide or tutor."
Heritage Rose District of New York City,"The Heritage Rose District of New York City is the only rose district in the United States. It is the result of the efforts of the Office of the Manhattan Borough President and the Heritage Rose Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of old roses.The Heritage Rose District includes the western portion of Northern Manhattan between West 122nd and West 163rd streets, with Broadway and Trinity Church Cemetery at its center. There are also additional plantings on the grounds of Trinity Cemetery and at several nearby locations. The Heritage Rose District, with an initial collection of over a hundred roses, was established in Fall 2009."
Heritage tourism,"Cultural heritage tourism (or just heritage tourism) is a branch of tourism oriented towards the cultural heritage of the location where tourism is occurring.
The National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States defines heritage tourism as ""traveling to experience the places, artifacts and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past"", and ""heritage tourism can include cultural, historic and  natural resources""."
Holocaust tourism,"Holocaust tourism is tourism to destinations connected with the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust in World War II, including visits to sites of Jewish martyrology such as former Nazi death camps and concentration camps turned into state museums. It belongs to a category of the so-called 'roots tourism' usually across parts of Central Europe, or, more generally, the Western-style dark tourism to sites of death and disaster.The term Holocaust, first used in the late 1950s, was derived from the Greek word holokauston meaning a completely burnt offering to God. It has come to symbolize the systematic extermination of approximately six million European Jews by Nazi Germany in occupied territories from 1933 to 1945. The term can also be applied to mean the estimated five to seven million non-Jewish victims who were murdered by the Nazis in the same time period."
Jefferson Davis Highway,"The Jefferson Davis Highway, also known as the Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway, was a transcontinental highway in the United States in the 1910s and 1920s that began in Arlington, Virginia, and extended south and west to San Diego, California; it was named for Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, United States senator, and Secretary of War. Because of unintended conflict between the National Auto Trail movement and the federal government, it is unclear whether it ever really existed in the complete form that its United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) founders originally intended."
Literary tourism,"Literary tourism is a type of cultural tourism that deals with places and events from literary texts as well as the lives of their authors. This could include visiting particular place associated with a novel or a novelist, such as a writer's home, or grave site, following routes taken by a fictional characters, visiting places mentioned in poems, as well as visiting museums dedicated to specific writers, works, regional literatures, and literary genres."
National Memorial for Peace and Justice,"The National Memorial for Peace and Justice, informally known as the National Lynching Memorial, is a national memorial to commemorate the black victims of lynching in the United States. It is intended to focus on and acknowledge past racial terrorism and advocate for social justice in America. Founded by the non-profit Equal Justice Initiative, it opened in downtown Montgomery, Alabama on April 26, 2018.It consists of a memorial square with 805 hanging steel rectangles representing each of the U.S. counties where a documented lynching took place. It also includes several sculptures depicting themes related to racial violence.
The monument was positively received by architectural critics, activists, and the general public. Philip Kennicott of The Washington Post described it as ""one of the most powerful and effective new memorials created in a generation""."
Music tourism,"Music tourism is the act of visiting a city or town, to see a music festival or other music performances. This sort of tourism is particularly important to small villages such as Glastonbury, as well as large cities like Glasgow.
The fairly recent jam band phenomenon is a contemporary example that encourages music tourism. Music festivals are visited by many tourists annually.
The Artful Music Tourist Board is a movement, started to celebrate this, in 2003 by musicians and their friends at The Paradise Bar (now Royal Albert pub) in London, UK."
Pop-culture tourism,"Pop-culture tourism is the act of traveling to locations featured in popular literature, film, music, or any other form of media. Also referred to as a ""Location Vacation"".
Pop-culture tourism is in some respects akin to pilgrimage, with its modern equivalents of places of pilgrimage, such as Elvis Presley's Graceland and the grave of Jim Morrison in Père Lachaise Cemetery."
Tolkien tourism,"Tolkien tourism is a phenomenon of fans of The Lord of the Rings fictional universe making media pilgrimages to sites of film- and book-related significance. It is especially notable in New Zealand, site of the movie trilogy by Peter Jackson, where it is credited as having raised the annual tourism numbers."
Twogether (TV program),"Twogether is a South Korean-Taiwanese travel documentary streaming television series starring Lee Seung-gi and Jasper Liu. It was released by Netflix on June 26, 2020."
Ecotourism,"Ecotourism is a form of tourism marketed as ""responsible"" travel (using what proponents say is sustainable transport) to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. The stated purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and human rights.
Since the 1980s, ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavour by environmentalists, who say they want future generations to experience destinations relatively untouched by human intervention.: 33  Ecotourism may focus on educating travelers on local environments and natural surroundings with an eye to ecological conservation. Some include in the definition of ecotourism the effort to produce economic opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources financially possible.Generally, ecotourism deals with interaction with biotic components of the natural environments. Ecotourism focuses on what advocates define as socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is intended to offer tourists an insight into the impact of human beings on the environment and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats. Ecotourism aims at minimal environmental impact on the areas visited. Besides fostering respect towards the natural environment, ecotourism endeavors to create socio-economic benefits for the communities of the area visited.
Responsible ecotourism programs include those that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities. For these reasons, ecotourism often appeals to advocates of environmental and social responsibility.
Many consider the term ""ecotourism"", like ""sustainable tourism"" (which is a related concept but broader), an oxymoron. Like most long-distance travel, ecotourism often depends on air transportation, which contributes to climate change. Additionally, ""the overall effect of sustainable tourism is negative where like ecotourism philanthropic aspirations mask hard-nosed immediate self-interest."""
Adventure Consultants,"Adventure Consultants, formerly Hall and Ball Adventure Consultants, is a New Zealand-based adventure company that brings trekking and climbing groups to various locations.  Founded by Rob Hall and Gary Ball in 1991, it is known for its pioneering role in the commercialisation of Mount Everest and the 1996 Mount Everest climb during which eight people died, including Hall, a guide, and two Adventure Consultant clients.Prior to starting Adventure Consultants, Hall and Ball climbed the Seven Summits in a seven-month time frame.  Heavily covered by the media, they became celebrities in New Zealand. They undertook 47 expeditions together; their friendship was noted in the mountaineering world.Following the deaths of Ball and Hall, the company was purchased by Guy Cotter, who continued to operate the business."
Alpine Pearls,"Alpine Pearls is a cooperative established in 2006, consisting of 23 municipalities in five alpine countries. The tourism association claims to support and promote active mobility. The cooperation’s members fulfill strict quality criteria like town centers with reduced traffic, transfer services, environmentally friendly leisure time facilities, the guarantee of mobility without a car, and ecological minimum standards."
Asian Trekking,"Asian Trekking is a Nepal based adventure company, specialising in mountaineering expeditions and trekking in the Himalaya. Started in december 1981 by UIAA Honorary Member Ang Tshering Sherpa , it is Nepal's oldest mountaineering and trekking company still in operation. In 2008, Ang Tshering's son, renowned environmentalist and mountaineer Dawa Steven Sherpa, took over the leadership of the company and continues to serve as the managing director to this day.
Asian Trekking is known to run personalised expeditions, providing expedition support a spectrum of services from base camp only support to service to the summit. According to the Himalayan Database, Asian Trekking has organised 889 mountaineering expeditions in Nepal and Tibet- including 284 expeditions on Mount Everest-  making it the company with the most number of expeditions organised."
Boulder Gardens,"Boulder Gardens (also known as Garth's Boulder Gardens), is an eco-retreat located in Yucca Valley, California. Designed and built by permaculturist Garth Bowles, it has become a destination for environmentalists, yoga classes, and outdoor enthusiasts.
In 1981, Bowles purchased some 640 acres of high desert, located near Joshua Tree National Park. Since then, he has slowly added desert-adapted plants, as well as small ponds among the boulders and hills of his retreat. He also was inspired to name the road leading to and through his property, ""Gods Way Love"".Boulder Gardens has become a popular spot for campers, and includes a small visitor cabin as well."
BurroCross,"BurroCross is self-reliant (unsupported) backcountry travel on foot (hiking or backpacking) in the company of a burro (Equus africanus asinus) where, similar to Overlanding the experience of the journey itself is the principle objective. (Unlike Overlanding, BurroCross is non-mechanized travel that relies on the capabilities of a burro companion and thereby presents an entirely new skill focus required for the journey.) BurroCross is a non-competitive sport or recreational activity that proceeds at a walking pace and is centered on utilizing the overland capabilities of burros for companionship and sharing the burden of carrying the gear necessary to sustain the journey. The burro and the person progress through the journey and the experience as a team, side-by-side, therefore the burro is not ridden. The term ""BurroCross"" is a unique play on words that combines ""burro"" with the notion of cross-country travel, and it is also a nod to the familiar cross-shaped marking down the back and across the shoulders of most burros.
BurroCross can be done as a solo activity (one person, one burro) or as a group of person / burro pairs. Multiple burros may be used in a string, but usually no more than 2 per person is necessary or desirable. A BurroCross outing can take the form of a day hike, but generally multi-day excursions are preferable with BurroCross thru-hiking or section-hiking regarded as the pinnacle achievement of the sport."
"Butterfly Valley, Fethiye","Butterfly Valley (Turkish: Kelebekler Vadisi) is a valley in Fethiye district, Muğla Province, on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The valley is home to diverse butterfly species.

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Costa Rica Thermal Dome,"The Costa Rica Thermal Dome (CRTD; also called the Costa Rica Dome), is an oceanographic feature and marine biodiversity hotspot that varies in size from 300 to 1,000 km in diameter. The dome is located off the western coast of Central America in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Through the interaction of wind and ocean currents, deeper waters are drawn towards the surface in a dome-like shape at this location. These waters displace the warmer, nutrient-poor waters with colder, nutrient-richer waters. An investigation by UNESCO'S World Heritage Site and International Union for Conservation of nature (IUCN) in 2016 considered it eligible to become a World Heritage Site in the near future.The average position of the center of the Costa Rica Dome is located at latitude 9°N, longitude 90°W, which is off the coast of Costa Rica. The dome is positioned above the Cocos underwater tectonic valley and provides a subaquatic cyclonic current that moves in sync with the above air flows. The Costa Rica Thermal Dome is full of biodiversity and many forms of marine life. The nutrient hotspot consists of all types of animals ranging from zoo-plankton to the blue whale. The location is also within one of the largest tuna catchment areas in the world The Costa Rica Dome is also positioned on the major seaway to the Panama Canal for transportation.The dome and its marine life provide economic benefits for countries such as Panama and Costa Rica. The Ticos are very proud of the dome, and believe it is one of the features that make the country blessed by nature. At the 12th conference of parties at the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in South Korea, the dome was considered a marine zone of biological or ecological importance."
Eco hotel,"An eco hotel, or a green hotel, is an environmentally sustainable hotel or accommodation that has made important environmental improvements to its structure in order to minimize its impact on the natural environment. The basic definition of an eco-friendly hotel is an environmentally responsible lodging that follows the practices of green living. These hotels have to be certified green by an independent third-party or by the state they are located in. Traditionally, these hotels were mostly presented as ecolodges because of their location, often in jungles, and their design inspired by the use of traditional building methods applied by skilled local craftsmen in areas, such as Costa Rica and Indonesia.
These improvements can include non-toxic housekeeping practices, the use of renewable energy, organic soaps, energy-efficient light fixtures, and recycling programs. It is beneficial for these hotels to get certain certifications in order to be environmentally compliant. One beneficial certification specifically for hotels is the LEED certification. A LEED-certified hotel provides benefits to the environment through energy efficient practices. An eco hotel should follow a set of best practices in order to do their part to benefit the environment. Some of these best practices include serving local organic food in restaurants, reusing linens when a guest is staying for more than one night, and incorporating in-room recycling and composting programs. Hotels that have these certifications and best 

practices can attract environmentally conscious travelers and stand out from other hotels."
EcoTeach,"EcoTeach is a non-profit organization founded by Ralph Carlson of Suquamish, Washington that works with communities in Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru,  and Alaska to help preserve local resources.Since being established in 1999 EcoTeach has taken more than 5,000 groups of students, families and individuals on guided tours through these areas.  On these tours groups have the chance to experience the culture and also partake in activities such as turtle protection, home stays with local families, river rafting, zip line canopy tours and other conservation efforts.  Each tour is led by experienced naturalists."
Ecotourism in Costa Rica,"Ecotourism is a key component of the tourism industry in Costa Rica. By the early 1990s, Costa Rica became known as the poster child of ecotourism. The country is among many developing nations that look to ecotourism as a way of cashing in on the growing demand for this popular trend of travel.Ecotourism draws many tourists to visit the extensive national parks and protected areas around the country. Costa Rica was a pioneer in this type of tourism, and the country is recognized as one of the few with true ecotourism. While Costa Rica has gained immense popularity for its development of a successful, yet environmentally friendly, ecotourism industry, environmentalists and economists alike debate whether an economy centered on tourism produces more good than harm."
Ecotourism in Jordan,"Ecotourism in Jordan has grown tremendously due to environmental pressures and the demand for jobs outside of the cities, especially since the establishment of the Dana Biosphere in 1993, the first biosphere reserve.The early history of ecotourism in Jordan is attributed to His Majesty, the late King Hussein who was behind the creation of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature, created in 1966, which protects and manages the natural resources of Jordan. It currently oversees ten protected areas.  Jordan was one of the countries that responded to the declaration of the International Year of Ecotourism in 2002. Ecotourism practices were considered when planning for tourism destinations in order to improve its contribution to the local and national economic development. The Jordan Tourism Board (JTB) published an ecotourism booklet in April 2004 with the cooperation of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature and the Jordan Royal Ecological Diving Society. The booklet includes all the ecotourism sites in Jordan with a brief description of each site location, what it is, and what has been done to enhance and develop the site. Six nature reserves including the Ajloun Forest Reserve, Dana Biosphere Reserve, Mujib Nature Reserve, Azraq Wetland Reserve, Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, and Wadi Rum in addition to the Dead Sea, Bethany Beyond the Jordan, and the Gulf of Aqaba are distinguished. The booklet also provides some important and useful guidelines for visitors; the guidelines include:

Respect the culture and the traditions of the local community
Purchase local products
Use energy conservation practices
Follow directions and rules of the reserves
Use water conservation practices
Do not use natural water resources as they may not be clean
Do not hike alone in the dark The booklet also encourages tourists to become members of the RSCN, providing them with a membership form. A person can become a regular member with several benefits or can “adopt” an animal by paying a fee which provides some benefits such as a “parent” certificate and free entry to the reserve to visit the adopted animal.Jordan uses tourism as a tool for conservation. By promoting tourism throughout the country, business owners and hoteliers contribute to conserving Jordan's landscape. The ecotourism scheme has provided job opportunities and a market for local products, bringing much needed economic stability to some of Jordan's poorest rural communities.
In addition to small NGOs and other organizations, The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature and USAID are largely responsible for the increase in ecotourism in Jordan. In 2003, a branch of the RSCN, Wild Jordan, was established to manage social economic development and eco-tourism activities in all RSCN protected areas. In 2000, USAID began supporting development of Jordan's eco-tourism industry as a means to create jobs in rural communities. The RSCN and USAID partnership is now 20 years old, and both work together to make eco-tourism a success.Eco-tourism has generated tremendous revenue for the country and the rural communities in the nature reserves. The RSCN has a 100% local employment policy in all their protected areas, resulting in eco-tourism directly supporting around 160,000 families throughout Jordan. According to USAID, in the Dana community, over 85 jobs were directly created, helping around 800 people. The Feynan Ecolodge, in Wadi Feynan, alone directly creates 32 jobs for locals, and many more indirect jobs. Creating jobs is a concern in Jordan since the unemployment rate rests around 12.3 and 15.3 percent. 
Through income-generating projects with eco-tourism, communities living around nature reserves earned JD1.6million in 2012, which is roughly USD2.3million. RSCN annual report also showed that eco-tourism revenue was up 10% in 2012 from the year before, jumping from JD831,336 to JD916,141. 
There is huge potential for this industry, which could generate around 50,000 jobs in a decade through environmental conservation. This would equate to about JD1.3 billion, equal to about USD2.1 billion. According to the Environment Ministry Secretary General Ahmad Qatarneh, environmental destruction costs Jordan about USD1.25 billion a year, five percent of Jordan's GDP and about twice the amount of aid received in 2009. A green economy helps to offset this cost while reducing degradation.It is the local communities' involvement in these nature reserves that makes eco-tourism a success. The local communities contribute to eco-tourism by leading tours and hikes, working in the lodges and restaurants, transporting people and resources, and other various jobs. Manual labor is used more than machines, providing a smaller impact on the environment and more jobs. Community members originally relied on hunting and herding for income. Now, with the wide variety of jobs, there is less hunting and a better standard of living. Herding was once sustainable, but with population growth there was too much pressure on the diverse plants and grazing area. Hunting was decreasing biodiversity and endangering animals like the Nubian ibex. Now, these animals are used as a tourist attraction rather than food. The communities still graze their herds, but they keep significantly less and respect no grazing areas. Furthermore, eco-tourism is also helping to revive communities. With the help of USAID, the city of Dana, near the Dana Biosphere Reserve, is rebuilding fifty-seven historic houses. The goal of the project is to bring back the community members who left the poor city in search of work. Through eco-tourism, poverty is reduced, the environment is protected, and heritage is restored.However, despite the economic benefits, eco-tourism is not without controversy. Eco-tourism projects, especially in the beginning, are not always as environmentally-conscious as possible. For example, in the Wadi Rum nature reserve, the sudden increase in tourism was accompanied by increased roads, electrical lines, hotels, and litter. Although the development helped improve the Wadi Rum Village of Bedouins by bringing them more reliable water and electricity, decisions regarding the fate of Wadi Rum often disregarded local opinions. For example, plans were created to move the village further away and make the existing village into a tourist site without consulting the Rum community. Despite efforts, there are still environmental problems within the reserves. Threats include woodcutting, overgrazing, and hunting, but these threats have significantly decreased in the past decades."
Ecotourism in Mexico,"Ecotourism in Mexico is tourism that sustainably experiences fragile, pristine and relatively undisturbed natural areas. Tourism is a large sources of revenue for Mexico Ecotourism has received mixed responses, but organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) stressed its importance in the long-term economic health of Mexico."
Ecotourism in South Africa,"Ecotourism is the concept of responsible trips and travel to areas that might be protected and especially fragile. The intent is to create as little detrimental impact on the environment as possible. South Africa has used ecotourism to sustain and improve its immense biodiversity, as well as invigorate its economy. Tourism is the fourth largest generator of foreign exchange in South Africa, and ecotourism is the idea of encouraging visitors while promoting and supporting a country's biodiversity. South Africa contains a lot of biodiversity, and so ecotourism is a way for the country to benefit from wildlife in a non-consumptive and legal manner as opposed to illegal activities like poaching and trafficking for the international wildlife trade."
Ecotourism in the United States,"Ecotourism in the United States is commonly practiced in protected areas such as national parks and nature reserves. The principles and behaviors of ecotourism are slowly becoming more widespread in the United States; for example, hotels in some regions strive to be more sustainable."
Ecotourism in the Valdivian temperate rainforest,"Valdivia Temperate Rainforest is an area between 36 and 47° S. consisting of a majority of the country Chile and a small part of Argentina totaling about 12.7 million hectares. The Valdivian forest is one of the few forested regions in the world with climate conditions to be considered a temperate climate. Its ecological systems provide habitat for a clustering of some of the highest biodiversity in the world. Many of the species are endemic to Valdivia and are descendants of Gondwana Species. For example, Araucaria araucana or ""Monkey Puzzle Tree"", and Fitzroya cupressoides ""Alerce"". Due to the region's unique landscape and biodiversity millions of visitors come to the area annually. National Parks in the region provide opportunities for many tourism operations. In an effort to help preserve and expand conserved areas Ecotourism or Sustainable Tourism plays a vital role. The economic benefits affect not only the park areas but also the local communities. Ecotourism accounts for 4.6% of Chile's GNP.Since the 1980s Chile has been promoting ecotourism, and has seen annual increases in both visitors and income occur every year since. Between 2006 and 2007 visitor numbers increased from 2.25 million to 2.5 million. Revenue from ecotourism services and national parks results in a 2-3% increase in gross income. Through the year 43% of tourists visit national parks in the regions of de los Rios and de los Lagos. The top three destinations in those areas are the Coguillio National Park, the Villarica National Park, and the Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park. The last of those hosts 25% of all visitors to Chile."
Ecotourism routes in Europe,"There are five ecotourism Pan-European routes crossing 35 countries in Europe and connecting natural parks (national parks and regional parks) to heritage sites chosen by UNESCO, as well as to the biosphere reserves (MAB).The routes are intended to help travelers discover natural, cultural sites, pilgrims, and regional specialties etc."
Ecotourism Society Pakistan,Ecotourism Society Pakistan (ESP) is an organization based in Pakistan which seeks to promote ecotourism in the mountain eco-regions of Pakistan as a way of raising the standard of living in those areas.
Fortress conservation,Fortress conservation is a conservation model based on the belief that biodiversity protection is best achieved by creating protected areas where ecosystems can function in isolation from human disturbance. Its implementation has been criticized for human rights abuses against indigenous inhabitants when creating and maintaining protected areas.
List of ecological tourist sites in Ghana,"These are the list of ecotourist sites in Ghana. Some are well developed, while others are not."
Great Plains Conservation,"Great Plains Conservation is conservation and tourism organization, it helps manage several wildlife reserves in Kenya, Botswana and Zimbabwe. The group currently operates 18 safari camps, which include luxury lodges and tented camps. Great Plains Conservation works together with local governments and community groups to promote low-density, environmentally conscious tourism, supplying economic incentives for the protection of wildlife.Great Plains Conservation was founded in 2006 by a group of conservationists and filmmakers. Its CEO is Dereck Joubert.Dereck and Beverly Joubert are National Geographic wildlife filmmakers, behind titles such as Last Lions and Eye of the Leopard. Dereck Joubert is also a National Geographic Explorer at large.

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Green grabbing,"Green grabbing or green colonialism is the foreign land grabbing and appropriation of resources for environmental purposes, resulting in a pattern of unjust development. The purposes of green grabbing are varied; it can be done for ecotourism, conservation of biodiversity or ecosystem services, for carbon emission trading, or for biofuel production. It involves governments, NGOs, and corporations, often working in alliances. Green grabs can result in local residents' displacement from land where they live or make their livelihoods. It is considered to be a subtype of green imperialism.

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Himex,"Himex is a Mount Everest guiding company. It was founded in 1996 by New Zealander Russell Brice. The name is a truncated version of the full name ""Himalayan Experience"". National Geographic said Himex was the ""largest and most sophisticated guiding operation on Everest"" in a 2013 article. Himex's team is known for fixing lines on Mount Everest, although in 2012 other teams did this work.Three of the expeditions of this company were filmed in the television show Everest: Beyond the Limit between 2006 and 2009. In 2013, David Tait achieved his fifth Mount Everest summiting with a Himex team. (see also List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit)
Brice has pushed for many years to use helicopters to fly gear over the Khumbu Icefall to the Nepal-side Camp I, to enhance safety. In the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal earthquakes Himex pulled out from summiting Everest that season.A distinctive feature of Himex's Mount Everest base camp is the social tent, the ""Tiger Dome"", about 50 feet (15 m) across, climate controlled and with a large window to look out of, offering espresso, wine and other drinks, and television, music, web-connected computers, and gaming devices."
Hogenakkal Eco Tourism,"Hogenakkal are waterfalls located in Dharmapuri district of the state Tamil Nadu, India. Hogenakkal Eco Tourism seeks to protect wilderness and ecological integrity of Hogenakkal."
The International Ecotourism Society,"The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) is an American organization dedicated to promoting ecotourism globally. The organization was founded in 1990 and contributed significantly to the growth and development of ecotourism, providing guidelines, technical assistance, training, research and publications. TIES' global network of ecotourism professionals and travellers, with members in more than 190 countries, aim to use tourism as a tool for conservation, protection of bio-cultural diversity and sustainable community development. In 2015, TIES lost its 501(c)(3) federal tax-exempt status with the IRS as a result of failure to file Form 990 in three consecutive years, and in the same year the organization's board of directors resigned."
Lake Kuyucuk,"Lake Kuyucuk (Turkish: Kuyucuk Gölü) is a small shallow lake located in Arpaçay district of Kars Province in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It has an area of 245 ha (2.45 km2) and a maximum depth at 13 m (43 ft). The lake area is an internationally recognized Ramsar site, important for its ornithofauna, and a tourist wildlife reserve."
Las Piñas–Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area,"The Las Piñas–Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA), also known as the Las Piñas–Parañaque Wetland Park, is a protected area at the coasts of the cities of Las Piñas and Parañaque in Metro Manila, Philippines. The entire wetland is a declared Ramsar site under the Ramsar Convention of UNESCO."
Len Foote Hike Inn,"The Len Foote Hike Inn is a  sustainably designed  and LEED-certified ecotourism facility located near the peak of Frosty Mountain in the Chattahoochee National Forest in Dawson County, Georgia, USA.   The lodge is open year-round and is only accessible via hiking trails. Twenty rooms, a two-story central lobby, a dining room, a bathhouse, toilets, and a common room comprise the facility.The Georgia Department of Natural Resources owns the Hike Inn, and the inn is operated by the non-profit Len Foote Hike Inn, Inc. - an affiliate of the Georgia Appalachian Trail Club.The inn opened in November 1998 and sits at an altitude of 3,100 feet. The surrounding area contains mountain laurel, rhododendron, and oak and hickory trees. Conservation, environmental stewardship and environmental education are stressed at the inn. The facility contains solar-powered hot showers, photo-voltaic solar energy and compostable, odorless toilets. Communal breakfast and dinner meals are included with the stay and are served family-style. Visitors are encouraged to minimize their food waste during meals, and leftover food is composted via a vermiculture program.
The Hike Inn can only be reached by foot.  The approach trail to the inn from the south starts at Amicalola Falls State Park in Dawson County, Georgia and requires a five-mile hike.  The first .35 miles of this trail to the inn is also part of the approach trail to Springer Mountain, the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail (AT). Thru-hikers for the AT often start or end their journey at the Hike Inn. The trail to the Inn continues northward past the facility for approximately one-mile to reconnect to the AT approach trail. The trail from Amicalola Falls to the Hike Inn is marked with lime green paint blazes. The rise in elevation during this hike is 500 feet and is listed on park literature and signage as an ""easy to moderate"" hike.Also located on the grounds of the inn is a granite celestial calendar formation that aligns with the rising sun during the spring and fall equinoxes. The Star Base was designed by Fernbank Science Center in nearby Atlanta ."
Limberlost Forest and Wildlife Reserve,"The Limberlost Forest and Wildlife Reserve is a publicly accessible private property near Huntsville, Ontario, Canada.  The private forest contains many lakes and forest stands with hiking, biking, skiing and snowshoeing trails throughout that has been made available to the public at no charge.  Limberlost practices a form of land management referred to as Conscientious Forest Management which focuses on ensuring the sustainability of their management objectives and actions for generations to come.  Some of the management actions undertaken by the private forest include sustainably harvesting timber using the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Single Tree Selection System; encouraging the use of the forest by all visitors and eco-tourists at no charge; supporting environmental research programs and institutes; and offering both modern and traditional forest land use options to the local community.  
Limberlost's primary objective is to offer continued free access to the 10,000 ac Muskoka property for the purpose of encouraging safe wilderness experiences.  They are able to accomplish this by supporting several youth organizations, such as the Trails Youth Initiative, as well as providing hiking trails, associated maps and safety information to day visitors.  Free use of the property is made possible by the accommodations business which is run in conjunction with Limberlost including rental of chalets, cottages, fish-camps, glamping sites and camp sites.  

The trails at the Limberlost Forest provide access to innumerable special natural features as well as tours around a number of the larger lakes.  Guests are encouraged to familiarize themselves with trail guide and safety information before embarking on their day tour.  
Access of the Limberlost Forest is available at the main gate located 3 km off of Muskoka Road 8 in Lake of Bays.  Limberlost does not permit the recreational use of snowmobiles, ATVs, UTVs, or any gas powered motor boats, however, bicycles, paddles, hiking boots, and snowshoes are welcome and encouraged.  
Since 2003, the Limberlost Reserve has been open to the public, receiving several thousand visitors per year mainly for hiking and bird-watching."
The Lodge at Chaa Creek,"The Lodge at Chaa Creek is an eco-resort and 400-acre private nature reserve located in the Cayo District of Belize, Central America. Established as a small family farm in 1981, it has grown to be one of Belize’s most recognized resorts. It has also received international recognition as a model for sustainable tourism and responsible travel by Conde Nast, National Geographic Adventure, Travel and Leisure magazines, and other publications and organizations. Chaa Creek runs educational and natural history programs with a focus on Belize's Maya culture and civilization."
Mohonk Agreement,"Mohonk Agreement is a framework and principles for the certification of ecotourism and sustainable tourism

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Mountain Madness,"Mountain Madness is a  Seattle-based mountaineering and trekking company. The company specializes in mountain adventure travel and has a training school for mountain and rock climbing.

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Oceanic Society,"Oceanic Society is a California-based 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to conserving marine wildlife and habitats by deepening the connections between people and nature. The organization was founded in San Francisco in 1969 by George C. Kiskaddon, founder of Marine Chartering Company, and Dr. Jerold M. Lowenstein, director of the Pacific Institute of Nuclear Medicine."
Overlanding,"Overlanding or 4WD Touring is self-reliant overland travel to remote destinations where the journey is the principal goal. Typically, but not exclusively, it is accomplished with mechanized off-road capable transport (from bicycles to trucks) where the principal form of lodging is camping, often lasting for extended lengths of time (months to years) and spanning international boundaries.

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Ecotourism in Paraguay,"Paraguay is notable for its history, culture and ecology."
Prodetur,"Prodetur is an ecotourism organization, directed and managed by Luis Diaz Martinez, and is headquartered in the village of Perquin in the Morazán Province of El Salvador. Prodetur directs tourist activities in Morazán which ensure the continuity of the Rio Sapo preservation initiative."
Rosie the Shark,"Rosie the Shark is a preserved great white shark located at Crystal World Exhibition Centre in Devon Meadows, Australia. She was originally preserved in a glass tank of formaldehyde on display at Wildlife Wonderland in Bass, Victoria which closed in 2012 due to animal welfare concerns and operating without appropriate licences.

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Servas International,"Servas International (""we serve (peace)""  in Esperanto) is a non-profit organization proving a hospitality exchange service.
Servas is a nonprofit member organization that builds peace and cross-cultural understanding through day visits or overnight home stays among members who share information about themselves, to help ensure accountability. 
It was founded in 1949, in the aftermath of World War II, by Bob Luitweiler and other Danish students as an international network for people to meet and where suitable, to be offered a short stay, as part of the peace movement.The organisation may now be described as a platform, part of a gift economy. Members can be both hosts and travellers, and hosts do not charge for lodging.
Members pay an annual fee to the organization, which is determined locally by country.  There is an international executive and each country has an elected board or committee to manage membership (including interviews for new applicants), determine membership fees, organise social events, support various peace-related activities. .
Servas is owned by an accredited Non-governmental organization and has been affiliated with the United Nations since 1973.

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Seven Summit Treks,"Seven Summit Treks, is a commercial adventure operator, based in Kathmandu, Nepal.  They are specialized in Eight-thousander of Nepal, China, and Pakistan. Established by four Sherpa brothers including Mingma Sherpa, Chhang Dawa Sherpa, Tashi Lakpa Sherpa and Pasang Phurba Sherpa. Mingma and his brother Chhang Dawa are the first siblings to have climbed all 8000ers, Mingma was the first and Dawa was the second South Asian to do so.
As of 2019, Seven Summit Treks (Est. 2010) is recognized and recorded as largest royalty/taxpayer firm of Nepal having organised the highest numbers of climbing expeditions over Nepal Himalayas. Seven Summit Treks gained popularity from managing logistic for number of pioneer and veteran climbers like Alex Txikon, Carlos Soria Fontán."
Shark tourism,"Shark tourism is a form of eco-tourism that allows people to dive with sharks in their natural environment. This benefits local shark populations by educating tourists and through funds raised by the shark tourism industry. Communities that previously relied on shark finning to make their livelihoods are able to make a larger profit from diving tours while protecting the local environment. People can get close to the sharks by free- or scuba diving or by entering the water in a protective cage for more aggressive species. Many of these dives are done by private companies and are often baited to ensure shark sightings, a practice which is highly controversial and under review in many areas.

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Soreng,"Soreng is a town and headquarters of the Soreng district in the Indian state of Sikkim.  Soreng is a newly formed District.                        
Soreng is known for its largest production of vegetables, oranges and flowers. The inhabitants are mostly dependent on agriculture, floriculture and tourism for their livelihood and are mostly Sikkimese, Nepali. The majority of the community follow Hinduism and Buddhism while the rest are Christians.
Soreng is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) by road from Darjeeling and 102 kilometres (63 mi) from the capital Gangtok. The region is an Ecotourism spot, and thousands of people visit every year. It is close to Daramdin.
The area's major attractions are its landscapes, fisheries, views of Mount Kangchenjunga, flora and fauna, and white river rafting on the Teesta river.
Currently the M.L.A of Soreng is Aditya Golay Tamang (Sikkim Krantikari Morcha)."
Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation,"Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation (abbreviated SLEF) is a national association of Sri Lanka that aims to create a wide network of ecotourism actors throughout the country. The organization focuses on developing the economic and social development of rural communities through tourism.
SLEF supports local communities to take part in community based tourism and conservation projects. The organization has been founded in 1998 by Palitha Gurusinghe, who is a member of Advisory Board of The International Ecotourism Society and a famous presenter in Ecotourism and Community Based Tourism."
Tourism in Guyana,"Tourism in Guyana is a fledgling industry compared to other countries in the Caribbean. Tourism is mainly focused on ecotourism, and accommodations for business travelers. Guyana is home to Kaieteur Falls  and St. George's Cathedral.
In 2020,18 businesses and 12 tour guides were licensed with the Guyana Tourism Authority (GTA)."
UGA Costa Rica,"UGA Costa Rica is one of the three international residential centers owned and operated by the University of Georgia. The largest of these centers—the other two located in Oxford, England and Cortona, Italy—UGA Costa Rica is used as a site for research, study abroad, symposia, and ecotourism.In February 2019, the University of Georgia announced the sale of the campus to the Council on International Educational Exchange (CIEE), a study abroad nonprofit organization."
Urban Ecotourism,"Urban ecotourism is a relatively new form of ecotourism that takes place in urban settings. The concept first appeared in 1996 when the Blackstone Corporation defined it as “[...] travel and exploration within and around an urban area that offers visitors enjoyment and appreciation of the city's natural areas and cultural resources, [...] promotes the city's long-term ecological health [...] promotes sustainable local economic and community development and vitality; [...] is accessible and equitable to all”. Urban ecotourism shares the same goals for sustainability and community development as traditional ecotourism, but applies them to large cities, industrial wastelands, and post-productivist agriculture sites, as opposed to more nature-based venues for traditional ecotourism. Destinations in these locations may take the form of linear parks, farm-to-table restaurants, rewilding parks, biking and hiking trails, sustainable hotels, and rooftop gardens."
Warm Showers,"Warm Showers (WS) is a non-profit hospitality exchange service for people engaging in bicycle touring. The platform is a gift economy — hosts are not supposed to charge for lodging and are not bound.  The legal form is a Colorado 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in Boulder, Colorado, USA.The platform has been described as a ""cyclists’ support network whose members may offer free amenities and services such as meals and lodging"". Rough Guides recommends Warm Showers as means to improve security of solo female cyclists. Warm Showers helps bicycle travelers to balance the self-reliance of camping and hotels with opportunities for social encounters. Warm Showers has a positive effect on rural communities, both socially and economically. Many users of the platform cycle for health reasons or to reduce their carbon footprint and to be environmentally friendly. Cultural exchange and social connection do also play a role.The organization received donations of $100,641 in 2015, $84,009 in 2016, $115,324 in 2017, $128,626 in 2018 and $111,089 in 2019."
Wilderness Safaris,"Wilderness is an ecotourism operator, headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana. It operates camps and mobile safaris across seven countries: Botswana, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Known for its ongoing conservation work, the company is helping to conserve some 33 species on the IUCN Red List and lists some 2.5 million hectares as being under protection.
As a destination management company, Wilderness Safaris has its own bush air charter company, Wilderness Air, as well as touring arms in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe/Zambia and Wilderness Safaris Private Journeys in Cape Town, South Africa.
Through the Wilderness Wildlife Trust, Wilderness Safaris funds more than 20 conservation, community and anti-poaching projects every year, and it is also a primary sponsor of Children in the Wilderness, a non-profit organisation that facilitates sustainable conservation through leadership development and education of rural children in Africa.Wilderness was founded in Botswana in 1983 by two overland safari guides – Colin Bell and Chris McIntyre. It was the first tour operator of its kind to form a registered company in Botswana, with operations based out of Maun, south of the Okavango Delta."
Wildlife tourism,"Wildlife tourism is an element of many nations' travel industry centered around observation and interaction with local animal and plant life in their natural habitats. While it can include eco- and animal-friendly tourism, safari hunting and similar high-intervention activities also fall under the umbrella of wildlife tourism. Wildlife tourism, in its simplest sense, is interacting with wild animals in their natural habitat, either by actively (e.g. hunting/collection) or passively (e.g. watching/photography). Wildlife tourism is an important part of the tourism industries in many countries including many African and South American countries, Australia, India, Canada, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Maldives among many. It has experienced a dramatic and rapid growth in recent years worldwide and many elements are closely aligned to eco-tourism and sustainable tourism.
According to United Nations World Tourism Organization, with an annual growth about 3%, 7% of world tourism industry relates to wildlife tourism. They also estimates that the growth is much higher in places like UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Wildlife tourism currently employs 22 million people worldwide directly or indirectly, and contributes more than $ 120 billion to global GDP. As a multimillion-dollar international industry, wildlife tourism is often characterized by the offering of customized tour packages and safaris to allow close access to wildlife."
Geotourism,Geotourism is tourism associated with geological attractions and destinations. Geotourism (tourism with a geological base) deals with the abiotic natural and built environments. Geotourism was first defined in England by Thomas Alfred Hose in 1995.
Cave of Dogs,"The Cave of Dogs (Italian: Grotta del Cane) is a cave near Naples, Italy. Volcanic gases seeping into the cave give the air inside a high concentration of carbon dioxide. Dogs held inside would faint; at one time this was a tourist attraction."
Walter Hunziker,"Walter Hunziker (1899–1974) was a Swiss professor who founded the Tourism Research Institute at the University of St. Gallen, co-developed the scientific study of tourism, developed the travel savings fund concept, co-founded the Association Internationale d'Experts Scientifiques du Tourisme (AIEST) and the Institut International de Glion. He was a director of the Swiss Tourism Federation, member of Swiss Advisory Committee for Trade Policy, and author."
National Geological Monuments of India,"National Geological Monuments are geographical areas of national importance and heritage, as notified by the Government of India's Geological Survey of India (GSI), for their maintenance, protection, promotion and enhancement of geotourism."
Industrial tourism,"Industrial tourism is tourism in which the desired destination includes industrial sites peculiar to a particular location. The concept is not new, as it includes wine tours in France, visits to cheesemakers in the Netherlands, Jack Daniel's distillery tours in the United States for example, but has taken on renewed interest in recent times, with both industrial heritage sites and modern industry attracting tourism."
Blaenavon Ironworks,"Blaenavon Ironworks is a former industrial site which is now a museum in Blaenavon, Wales.  The ironworks was of crucial importance in the development of the ability to use cheap, low quality, high sulphur iron ores worldwide.  It was the site of the experiments by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas and his cousin Percy Gilchrist that led to ""the basic steel process"" or ""Gilchrist–Thomas process"".
The ironworks is on the outskirts of Blaenavon, in the borough of Torfaen, within the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape, a World Heritage Site.  The site is under the care of Cadw, the Welsh Government's historic environment service."
European Route of Industrial Heritage,"The European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) is a tourist route of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe. This is a tourism industry information initiative to present a network of industrial heritage sites across Europe. The aim of the project is to create interest for the common European heritage of the Industrialisation and its legacy. ERIH also wants to promote regions, towns and sites showing the industrial history and market them as visitor attractions in the leisure and tourism industry."
Pythagoras Mechanical Workshop Museum,"Pythagoras Mechanical Workshop Museum (Swedish: Pythagoras industrimuseum) is located in the premises of the earlier engine factory Pythagoras at the town of Norrtälje in the province of Uppland in Sweden. At the museum, production facilities and working conditions from the first half of the 20th century are on display. The factory produced hot bulb engines and spare parts for them from 1908 up to closure of the workshop in 1979. The engine factory is an industrial heritage site, complete with functioning production lines and offices.

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Duisburg: Town and Harbour,"Duisburg: Town and Harbour is the Theme Route No. 1 of the Industrial Heritage Trail, which passes through Duisburg, the Inner Harbour, Ruhrort, the Duisburg-Ruhrorter harbour and other attractions on the Rhine and Ruhr. These trails were first developed between 1989 and 1999."
Tourism in Romania,"Romania's tourism sector had a direct contribution of EUR 5.21 billion to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2018, slightly higher than in 2017, placing Romania on the 32nd place in the world, ahead of Slovakia and Bulgaria, but behind Greece and the Czech Republic. The total tourism sector's total contribution to Romania's economy, which also takes into account the investments and spending determined by this sector, was some EUR 15.3 billion in 2018, up by 8.4% compared to 2017.In the first three months of the year 2018, there were 3.12 millions of foreign tourists. Compared to the same 3 months of the previous year, arrivals increased by 10.9% and overnight stays in accommodation establishments increased by 7.1%.In the first nine months of the year 2019, there were 10 millions of foreign tourists. Compared to the same 9 months of the previous year, arrivals increased by 10.2%.According to National Tourism Statistics, 15.7 million domestic and foreign tourists stayed in overnight accommodations in 2018. Of these 2.2 million are recorded as foreign tourists.The most visited cities are Bucharest, Constanța, Brașov, Timișoara, Sibiu, Alba-Iulia, Cluj-Napoca, Sighișoara and Iași. Natural touristic attractions include the Danube, the Carpathian Mountains, and the Black Sea."
Medical tourism,"Medical tourism refers to people traveling abroad to obtain medical treatment. In the past, this usually referred to those who traveled from less-developed countries to major medical centers in highly developed countries for treatment unavailable at home. However, in recent years it may equally refer to those from developed countries who travel to developing countries for lower-priced medical treatments. With differences between the medical agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA), etc., which decide whether a drug is approved in their country or region, or not, the motivation may be also for medical services unavailable or non-licensed in the home country. 
Medical tourism most often is for surgeries (cosmetic or otherwise) or similar treatments, though people also travel for dental tourism or fertility tourism. People with rare conditions may travel to countries where the treatment is better understood. However, almost all types of health care are available, including psychiatry, alternative medicine, convalescent care, and even burial services.
Health tourism is a wider term for travel that focuses on medical treatments and the use of healthcare services. It covers a wide field of health-oriented tourism ranging from preventive and health-conductive treatment to rehabilitational and curative forms of travel. Wellness tourism is a related field."
Wellness tourism,"Wellness tourism is voluntary travel to world-wide destinations for the purpose of promoting health and well-being through physical, psychological, or spiritual activities.Wellness tourism aims to control stress levels and promote a healthy lifestyle. Specific types of wellness tourism include meditation and multiple types of yoga, such as classical or exercise-based, as well as treatments that include conventional, alternative, complementary, herbal, or homeopathic medicine. These types of wellness tourism account for the global market growth of the industry and the impact and issues that are currently within the industry or will occur in the future."
Angels Global Healthcare,
The Cabin Chiang Mai,"The Cabin Rehab is a drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The center has offered treatment for alcohol, drug and behavioral addiction since 2009. The center is a noted medical tourism location for international patients from countries such as the United States, U.K., Singapore, India, Oman, Bangladesh, and Australia."
Consumer import of prescription drugs,"Consumer import of prescription drugs refers to an individual person, typically a patient, getting prescription drugs from a foreign country for their own personal use in their own country."
Damlataş Cave,"Damlataş Cave (Turkish: Damlataş Mağarası) is a cave in Alanya district of Antalya Province, in southern Turkey."
Elitour,"Elitour is the Greek Medical Tourism Council.  It is associated with the Greek National Tourism Organization.
Dr  Giorgos Patoulis is the President of the council.  He is also President of the Athens Medical Association and the Central Union of Municipalities of Greece.  He is a proponent of Greece's thermal natural resources, and says that ""Thermal tourism is a dominant lever in the National Health Tourism Strategic Plan.""Mr. Petros Mamalakis is the General Secretary.It organised a Health Tourism Day in March 2018.It assisted in organising the International Medical Travel Journal Medical Travel Summit in Athens in May 2018. and a Medical Tourism Symposium in November 2018 which was addressed by Giorgos Tzilalas, the General Secretary of Tourism Policy and Development and Mr. G. Giannopoulos the Secretary General of the Ministry of Health and was intended to facilitate collective effort with the formulation of a national strategy.The board held a meeting in April 2018, shortly after their election with Elena Kountoura the Minister of Tourism to coordinate a strategy for the organized development of thematic tourism products.It has organised the World Institute of Greek Doctors in order to mobilise the support of Greek expatriate doctors.In 2022 it signed  Memoranda of Understanding with the Hellenic Chamber of Hotels and Athens International Airport planning the creation of travel packages offering health, spa and wellness tourism options."
Immigration health surcharge,"The immigration health surcharge was introduced by the Cameron–Clegg coalition by the Immigration (Health Charge) Order 2015, made under the provisions of the Immigration Act 2014, to deal with the issue of medical tourism involving the NHS in England. Once the surcharge is paid people are entitled to use the NHS in a similar way to UK residents."
Fertility tourism,"Fertility tourism (also referred to as reproductive tourism or cross border reproductive care) is the practice of traveling to another country or jurisdiction for fertility treatment, and may be regarded as a form of medical tourism. A person who can become pregnant is considered to have fertility issues if they are unable to have a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Infertility, or the inability to get pregnant, affects about 8-12% of couples looking to conceive or 186 million people globally. In some places, rates of infertility surpass the global average and can go up to 30% depending on the country. Areas with lack of resources, such as assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), tend to correlate with the highest rates of infertility.The main procedures sought are in vitro fertilization (IVF), artificial insemination by a donor, as well as surrogacy. These methods are types of assisted reproductive technology (ARTs). Each of these three methods have varying popularity in different countries, with one method being more sought after in these destinations compared to another method in another country. 
People are mainly driven towards fertility tourism due to lack of resources and high costs, while other contributing factors include cultural, religious, legal, and safety and efficacy issues. Other impacts on the need for fertility treatments from other countries include those who are infertile, single, of older age, or identify as a part of the LGBTQIA+ community. With these rising conditions, people end up having to travel to other countries in order to get the fertility treatments not accessible to them in their home countries."
Gurgaon,"Gurgaon (Hindi: [ɡʊɽɡãːw]), officially named Gurugram ([ɡʊɾʊɡɾaːm]), is a planned city and administrative headquarters of Gurugram District, located in the northern Indian state of Haryana. It is situated near the Delhi–Haryana border, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the national capital New Delhi and 268 km (167 mi) south of Chandigarh, the state capital. It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is part of the National Capital Region of India. As of 2011, Gurgaon had a population of 1,153,000.Gurgaon is India's second largest information technology hub and third largest financial and banking hub. Gurgaon is also home to one of India's largest medical tourism industries. Despite being India's 56th largest city in terms of population, Gurgaon is the 8th largest city in the country in terms of total wealth. Gurgaon serves as the headquarters of many of India's largest companies, is home to thousands of startup companies and has local offices for more than 250 Fortune 500 companies. It accounts for almost 70% of the total annual economic investments in Haryana state, which has helped it become a leading hub for high-tech industry in northern India. Gurgaon is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index, with an HDI of 0.889 (2017).Gurgaon's economic growth started in the 1970s when Maruti Suzuki India Limited established a manufacturing plant and gathered pace after General Electric established its business outsourcing operations in the city in collaboration with real-estate firm DLF. New Gurgaon, Manesar and Sohna serve as adjoining manufacturing and upcoming real estate hubs for Gurgaon. Despite rapid economic and population growth, Gurgaon continues to battle socio-economic issues, such as high-income inequality and high air pollution. It also has a flood problem due to the limited drainage capacity."
Health City Cayman Islands,"Health City Cayman Islands is a JCI accredited tertiary care hospital in the Cayman Islands, a British Overseas Territory."
Hope Rehab Centre,"Hope Rehab Centre is a drug and alcohol rehabilitation centre in Si Racha, Thailand."
Hygienic Association of Hvar,"The Hygienic Association of Hvar (Societa Igienica)  was founded in 1868 (1868) on the island of Hvar by Juraj II. Duboković, Bishop of Hvar. 
It was an early instance of health tourism, as it was established for the benefit of foreign visitors, who were to be encouraged to regain their health with the help of the Hvar town climate. The association raised funds to invest in facilities for the visitors.  The bishop was the biggest stock holder and first president of the association.  It specialised in chest illnesses.
It claims to be the first organised tourism in Europe.  It opened a hotel, adapted from a private house, October 15 1868. It had 13 single rooms with heating and a restaurant, with a staff of  a cook, two waiters and a chambermaid from Trieste. It moved to a military building on the Fabrika in 1872, then after securing a donation of 200 florins from the Empress Elisabeth of Austria, who became its patron,  built a new hotel, the Kur Hotel Kaiserin Elizabeth. When it was completed in 1903 it had 35 beds, bathrooms, a reading room, restaurant and a coffee-house. The society collapsed around 1918."
International healthcare accreditation,"Due to the near-universal desire for safe and good quality healthcare, there is a growing interest in international healthcare accreditation. Providing healthcare, especially of an adequate standard, is a complex and challenging process. Healthcare is a vital and emotive issue—its importance pervades all aspects of societies, and it has medical, social, political, ethical, business, and financial ramifications.  In any part of the world healthcare services can be provided either by the public sector or by the private sector, or by a combination of both, and the site of delivery of healthcare can be located in hospitals or be accessed through practitioners working in the community, such as general medical practitioners and dental surgeons.
This is occurring in most parts of the developed world in a setting in which people are expressing ever-greater expectations of hospitals and healthcare services.  This trend is especially strong where socialised medical systems exist. For example, in the European Union ""... patients have ever-greater expectations of what health systems ought to deliver,"" although there has been a ""... continuous rise in costs of services determined by scientific and technological innovation."" And in one particular EU member state, the United Kingdom, ""... People are going to increase demand and they have also got an increased expectation of what the NHS can deliver."" The USA manifests some differences here, and is an unusual and distinct oddity among developed Western countries. In 2007, 45.7 million of the overall US population (i.e. 15.3%) had no health insurance whatsoever yet in 2007 the USA spent nearly $2.3 trillion on healthcare, or 16% of the country's gross domestic product, more than twice as much per capita as the OECD average. Because of this, some US citizens are having to look outside of their country to find affordable healthcare, through the medium of medical tourism, also known as ""Global Healthcare"" (see below).
Apart from using hospitals and healthcare services to regain their health if it has become impaired, or to prevent ill health occurring in the first place, people the world over may also use them for a wide variety of other services, for example “improving upon nature” (e.g. cosmetic surgery, gender reassignment surgery or acquiring help to overcome difficulties with becoming a parent (e.g. infertility treatment)."
International Medical Travel Journal,"The International Medical Travel Journal was established in 2007 with a focus on medical tourism. It runs a biweekly newsletter.Keith Pollard is the Editor in Chief and features as a speaker at medical tourism conferences.  He is also executive chairman of the health care research firm LaingBuisson International, and is featured at the Medical Travel Summits organised by LaingBuisson International.  The conference in Athens in May 2018 was organised in conjunction with Elitour, the Greek Medical Tourism Council.It runs annual Medical Travel Awards. Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia cited them in 2018 among the ""global accolades"" National Heart Institute had received.  Subsequently Malaysia was awarded ""Destination of the Year"" by the journal in 2020."
Medical tourism agent,"A medical tourism agent (also health tourism provider or medical tourism provider) is an organisation or a company which seeks to bring together a prospective patient with a service provider, usually a hospital or a clinic. These organisations are generally facilitators and developers of medical tourism, which brings into play a number of issues that do not apply when a patient stays within their own country of origin.
Some of these organisations and companies specialise in certain areas of healthcare, such as cosmetic surgery, dentistry or transplant surgery, while others are more generalised in their approach, providing multiple services over a wide range of medical specialities. These organisations may also focus on providing services in a single country or they may provide access to treatment across multiple nations.
Medical quality standards vary around the world, and international accreditation is relatively new. For these reasons, potential clients may face unknowns and risks related to quality, safety and ethics. Medical tourists look to health tourism providers to provide information about quality, safety and legal issues, but the quality of such information and services varies on the size, scale and the standards of the facilitators themselves."
Medical tourism in England,
Medtral,"Medtral is a New Zealand based medical travel company that provides private medical care to overseas patients. All surgical procedures undertaken by Medtral are performed by English speaking surgeons and physicians all of whom have received their training both in New Zealand and either North America or Europe and are performed in internationally accredited hospitals. Each Medtral patient is assigned a ‘lead medical carer’- who co-ordinates all aspects of the patient’s medical care.
The process followed by Medtral adheres to the guidelines set out by the American Medical Association (AMA) and American College of Surgeons (ACS) for medical tourism."
Mosonmagyaróvár,"Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian: [ˈmoʃonmɒɟɒroːvaːr]; German: Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg; also known by other alternative names) is a town in Győr-Moson-Sopron County in northwestern Hungary. It lies close to both the Austrian and Slovakian borders and has a population of 32,752 (as of 2015).
Mosonmagyaróvár used to be two separate towns, Magyaróvár (German: Ungarisch Altenburg, Slovak: Uhorský Starhrad) and Moson (German: Wieselburg, Slovak: Mošon). The town of Moson was the original capital of Moson County in the Kingdom of Hungary, but the county seat was moved to Magyaróvár during the Middle Ages. The two towns were combined in 1939, and by now almost all signs of dualism have disappeared, as the space between the two towns has become physically and culturally developed. Due to the name's length, Mosonmagyaróvár is also referred to as Óvár amongst locals and Moson by foreigners. The Hansági Museum can be found in Mosonmagyaróvár."
Oylat Cave,"Oylat Cave (Turkish: Oylat Mağarası) is a show cave in Bursa Province, northwestern Turkey."
Patients Beyond Borders,Patients Beyond Borders is a 2015 medical tourism guidebook by Josef Woodman.
Surrogacy in India,"Surrogacy in India and Indian surrogates became increasingly popular amongst intended parents in industrialised nations because of the relatively low costs and easy access offered by Indian surrogacy agencies. Clinics charged patients between $10,000 and $28,000 for the complete package, including fertilization, the surrogate's fee, and delivery of the baby at a hospital. Including the costs of flight tickets, medical procedures and hotels, this represented roughly a third of the price of the procedure in the UK and a fifth of that in the US. Surrogate mothers received medical, nutritional and overall health care through surrogacy agreements.In 2005, the government approved the 2002 draft of the National Guidelines for the Accreditation, Supervision and Regulation of ART Clinics in India, in 2002. Before commercial surrogacy was banned in 2015, India was a popular destination for surrogacy. The economic scale of surrogacy in India is unknown, but study backed by the United Nations in July 2012 estimated the business at more than $400 million a year, with over 3,000 fertility clinics across India.In 2013, surrogacy by foreign homosexual couples and single parents was banned. In 2015, the government banned commercial surrogacy in India and permitted entry of embryos only for research purposes. Shortly thereafter in 2016, a Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill was introduced and passed by Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament, proposing to permit only heterosexual Indian couples married for at least five years with infertility problems to access altruistic or unpaid surrogacy and thereby further banning commercial surrogacy. The 2016 bill lapsed owing to the adjournment sine die of the parliament session. The bill was reintroduced and passed by the Lok Sabha in 2019. The bill would require to be passed by the Rajya Sabha, upper house of the Indian parliament and presidential assent before it becomes an act and thereby a law."
Travel assistance,"Travel assistance refers to the provision of support, services, and guidance to travelers to ensure a safe, convenient, and enjoyable journey. It encompasses various aspects of travel, including transportation, accommodation, information, and emergency support. Travel assistance is often provided by travel agencies, tour operators, airlines, hotels, and specialized companies that cater to the needs of travelers."
Vučkovec,"Vučkovec is a mineral spring in Međimurje County, northern Croatia, which from the early twentieth century served as the focus of a small resort community.
The healing power of the warm mineral water was known to local inhabitants living near the Vučkovec locality from the very beginning. The spring water showed measured temperature between 33 °C and 34 °C, remarkable balneological factors, high level of mineralization and presence of carbon dioxide.
In the mid-thirties of the twentieth century, Josip Kraljić, a businessman from the 15-kilometer-distant town of Čakovec, developed the resort at the location by building the first swimming pool. At the same time he established a bottle filling section for bottled drinking mineral water called „Vučkovec – mineral spring of Medjimurje“, that functioned until the Second World War. After the War the facility was nationalized and suffered stagnation.
New development occurred in 1996, after the Croatian War of Independence, as the whole area was included into a new-formed Sveti Martin na Muri municipality. Vučkovec was bought by the firm „Modeks“ Inc. from the neighbouring town of Mursko Središće and named „Toplice Vučkovec“ (English: Vuchkovets Spa). A new swimming pool was built, as well as dressing room, restaurant and other supporting facilities.
In 2003 a new company, „Toplice Sveti Martin“ Ltd., took over the location with all existing equipment and pushed strongly for the further development, investing in a new open-air and an indoor swimming pool, saunas, sunbeds, golf playgrounds and a new four-star hotel. So an attractive health, spa and sport resort, well known in the region, has been developed lately.
Besides the mineral spring, the name Vučkovec has been used for the neighbouring gas exploitation field, as well as for the water retention dam on the rambling Gradiščak brook, built for flood protection."
List of heritage railways,"This list of heritage railways includes heritage railways sorted by country, state, or region. A heritage railway is a preserved or tourist railroad which is run as a tourist attraction, is usually but not always run by volunteers, and often seeks to re-create railway scenes of the past."
Tunnel of Love (railway),"The Tunnel of Love (Ukrainian: Туне́ль Коха́ння, Tunel Kokhannya) is a section of industrial railway located near Klevan, Ukraine, that links it with Orzhiv. It is a railway surrounded by green arches and is three to five kilometers in length. It is known for being a favorite place for couples to take walks since trains pass thrice a day."
Recreational drug tourism,"Recreational drug tourism is travel for the purpose of obtaining or using drugs for recreational use that are unavailable, illegal or very expensive in one's home jurisdiction. A drug tourist may cross a national border to obtain a drug that is not sold in one's home country, or to obtain an illegal drug that is more available in the visited destination. A drug tourist may also cross a sub-national border (from one province, county or state to another) to do the same, as in cannabis tourism, or purchase alcohol or tobacco more easily, or at a lower price due to tax laws or other regulations.
Empirical studies show that drug tourism is heterogeneous and might involve either the pursuit of mere pleasure and escapism or a quest for profound and meaningful experiences through the consumption of drugs.
Drug tourism has many legal implications, and persons engaging in it sometimes risk prosecution for drug smuggling or other drug-related charges in their home jurisdictions or in the jurisdictions they are visiting, especially if they bring their purchases home rather than using them abroad. The act of traveling for the purpose of buying or using drugs is itself a criminal offense in some jurisdictions.
Along with all other tourism, drug tourism is also slowed down (or in some places halted) temporarily, due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
2014 Amsterdam drug deaths,"On 25 November 2014 two British tourists aged 20 and 21 died in a hotel room in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, after snorting white heroin that was sold as cocaine by a street dealer. The bodies were found less than a month after another British tourist died in similar circumstances. At least 17 other people have had medical treatment after taking the white heroin. Health authorities in Amsterdam are warning of the dangerous drugs being sold. Large signs were set up at popular tourist locations in the city. An award of €15,000 is offered for tips about the dealer of the drugs. On 20 January 2015 the last warning signs were removed from the city as there had been no further incidents.In the night of 25 February 2015, three Danish tourists became unwell after using white heroin, but left the hospital later. The police spread video material of the alleged seller. The warning signs returned in the streets in Amsterdam and flyers and posters were deployed at crucial places in the city. People could also test their drugs at 30 sites in the city.The man who sold the drugs in February 2015 was Flip S. from Amsterdam. In court there was not enough evidence that he was also the dealer of the drugs causing the other incidents. There was no evidence he sold the drugs to harm people. In February 2016, he was sentenced to one year in prison for dealing drugs and not taking proper precautions like testing his drugs beforehand."
Cannabis tourism,"Cannabis tourism, also called marijuana tourism, is travel/tourism related to cannabis or incorporating cannabis use.
Tours, activity packages, concierge services and more are available for cannabis tourists, who may travel from jurisdictions where it is expensive, unavailable or illegal – or who may simply wish to use cannabis while on holiday. Some conventional tourist businesses (lodging, entertainment, etc.) advertise as ""420-friendly"", meaning they will not stop or discourage guests from possessing or consuming cannabis.Cannabis tourism occurs in jurisdictions with modern tourism infrastructure and established tourist attractions, like resorts or nature parks. However, some isolated, impoverished agricultural communities, known for large-scale illegal marijuana production, also attract cannabis tourists, with significant economic impact.
Cannabis tourism is distinct from cannabis smuggling, the import/export of cannabis by definition in violation of the law."
Cannabis tourism in the United States,"Cannabis tourism in the United States is a form of drug tourism that exists in recreationally legal cannabis states.  As of may 2023 there are 23 states, Washington, D.C., and Guam that have legalized recreational cannabis.In 2014, the travel guide Fodors published a ""how to"" for cannabis tourists in Washington state. The official Washington tourism website has a FAQ section for cannabis tourism.In 2013, prior to legalization, the Washington State Liquor Control Board (now the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board) commissioned a study of cannabis legalization on the state, including the impact of tourism. The study, written by Carnegie Mellon University researchers, estimated over 400,000 new visits a year to the state. The Washington State legislature specifically considered tourism in its 2015 I-502 reform. One legal expert stated ""Washington’s cannabis tourism industry is in jeopardy"" as a result.Because consumption in public is illegal, rentals like (Bud and Breakfast) and Airbnb include ""420 friendly"" in descriptions for cannabis tourists, and cannabis tourism rental specialists have sprung up to meet demand. Some states like Illinois have provided an “on-premise” consumption license for dispensaries and any businesses that sell some form of cannabis, whether it be a dispensary, cannabis-infused restaurant or coffee shop like those commonly found in Amsterdam.The actual impact of cannabis tourism is debated. Industry groups say it is significant, but state tourism officials in Washington said there is ""fairly low amounts of consumer interest through our visitor information"", and in Colorado ""We still don't have any numbers that support that marijuana tourism exists"". An NBC News report stated that Hotels.com bookings were up slightly after legalization in both states.Manitou Springs is a small town in El Paso County, Colorado.  It is home to two recreational cannabis dispensaries, the only two in the second most populous county in the state.  As a direct result of recreational cannabis sales the city's tax base increased. Manitou sales tax collections set a record in July 2014, which included only a few hours of recreational cannabis sales for the month.  One operator's Manitou Springs location is their most popular, due to its location at the foot of Pike’s Peak."
Coffeeshop (Netherlands),"In the Netherlands, coffeeshops are establishments where the sale of cannabis for personal consumption by the public is tolerated by the local authorities.Under the drug policy of the Netherlands, the sale of cannabis products in small quantities is allowed by licensed coffeeshops. The majority of these also serve drinks and food. Coffeeshops are not allowed to serve alcohol or other drugs, and risk closure if they are found to be selling soft drugs to minors, hard drugs or selling alcohol. The idea of licensing the sale of cannabis was introduced in the 1970s for the explicit purpose of keeping hard and soft drugs separated.
A Dutch judge has ruled that tourists can legally be banned from entering cannabis cafes, as part of restrictions that were implemented in 2012. City councils can choose whether to implement this ban or not. This ban is implemented only by a few municipalities in the southern Netherlands.
The city council in Maastricht allows tourists to visit coffeeshops, but all except one have made a voluntary agreement to allow only local residents, which are defined as people living within a 150km radius (local people from Belgium and Germany are still allowed). The ban is not enforced in the city of Amsterdam and most other parts of the Netherlands.

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Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht,"Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht (case C-137/09) is a European Union law case from 2010, concerning cannabis and the free movement of services in the European Union. The Second Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union pronounced its ruling on 16 December 2010."
Old Freak Street,"Jhochhen Tole (Nepali: झोछेँ टोल, romanized: Jhochhen Tole), popularly known as Old Freak Street, or Freak Street is a small neighbourhood located at the south of Kathmandu Durbar Square.
Presently known as Old Freak Street, this ancient street was named Freak Street, referring to the hippie trail of the 1960s and 1970s."
Planet 13 Holdings,"Planet 13 Holdings, Inc. is a cannabis company based in Nevada, United States. On Nov 1, 2018, the   company opened its cannabis dispensary in Las Vegas which became the largest cannabis dispensary in the world at 112,000 square feet.The company operates through Planet 13 Cannabis Superstore & Entertainment Complex as well other sub-brands like Medizin, Trendi, Leaf & Vine, PURC and Planet M. The product portfolio of the brands are primarily cannabis products while PURC is a coffee brand.The company has expanded across the United States and have dispensaries in Orange County, California, Florida, and Illinois.

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Route 36 (bar),"Route 36 is an illegal after-hours lounge in La Paz, Bolivia, and, according to The Guardian, the world's first cocaine bar.  Although cocaine, an addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant, is illegal in Bolivia, political corruption and affordability of locally produced cocaine have resulted in Route 36 becoming a popular destination for thousands of drug tourists each year.  Many customers learn about the bar's existence through travel websites and by word of mouth promotion.  To avoid complaints from nearby business owners or residents, Route 36 does not operate in the same location for more than a few weeks at a time. Its location can only be found by word of mouth information.

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Religious tourism,"Religious tourism, spiritual tourism, sacred tourism, or faith tourism, is a type of tourism with two main subtypes: pilgrimage, meaning travel for religious or spiritual purposes, and the viewing of religious monuments and artefacts, a branch of sightseeing."
Christian tourism,"Christian tourism is a subcategory of religious tourism which is geared towards Christians. As one of the largest branches of religious tourism, it is estimated that seven percent of the world's Christians—about 168 million people—are ""on the move as pilgrims"" each year.

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Hajj,"Hajj (; Arabic: حَجّ Ḥajj; sometimes also spelled Hadj, or Haj in English) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and of supporting their family during their absence from home.In Islamic terminology, Hajj is a pilgrimage made to the Kaaba, the ""House of Allah"", in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, alongside Shahadah (oath that one believes there is no god but Allah (God)), salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving) and sawm (fasting of Ramadan). The Hajj is an annual practice when Muslim brotherhood is on display and their solidarity with fellow Muslim people, and submission to God (Allah) is fulfilled. The word Hajj means ""pilgrimage made to the Kaaba"", a long pious journey taken by Muslims to cleanse their souls of all worldly sins, which connotes both the outward act of a journey after death and the inward act of good intentions. The rites of pilgrimage are performed over five to six days, extending from the 8th to the 12th or 13th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar. Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year, the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year. In 2023 AD (1444 AH), Dhu al-Hijjah extends from 19 June to 18 July.
The Hajj is associated with the life of Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century AD, but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca stated in Muslim sources stretches back to the time of Abraham. During Hajj, pilgrims join processions of millions of Muslim people, who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj, and perform a series of pre-Islamic rituals (reformed by Muhammad): each person wears a single piece of unstitched white clothing (Ihram), walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Kaaba (a cube-shaped building and the direction of prayer for Muslims), kiss the black stone mounted on the corner wall of Kaaba, walks briskly back and forth between the hills of Safa and Marwah seven times, then drinks from the Zamzam Well, goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil, spends a night in the plain of Muzdalifa, and performs symbolic Stoning of the Devil by throwing stones at three pillars. After the sacrifice of cattle (which can be accomplished by using a voucher), the pilgrims then are required to either shave or trim their heads (if male) or trim the ends of their hair (if female). A celebration of the four-day global festival of Eid al-Adha proceeds afterwards. Muslims may also undertake an Umrah (Arabic: عُمرَة), or ""lesser pilgrimage"" to Mecca at other times of the year. However, the Umrah is not a substitute for the Hajj and Muslims are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so.According to the official published statistics between 2000 and 2019, the average number of attendees is 2,269,145 per year, of which 1,564,710 come from outside Saudi Arabia and 671,983 are local. The year 2012 marks the highest number of participants with 3,161,573. In June 2020, while not cancelling the Hajj outright, the Saudi Government announced that they would only welcome ""very limited numbers"" of pilgrims who are residents of Saudi Arabia due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Similar restrictions applied in 2021, but women were permitted to attend without a male guardian (mehrem) provided they went in a trustworthy group."
Halal tourism,"Halal tourism (sometimes called Halal travel or halal-friendly tourism) is a subcategory of tourism which is geared towards Muslim families who abide by rules of Islam. The hotels in such destinations do not serve alcohol, have separate swimming pools and spa facilities for men and women, serve only halal foods, and have prayer facilities in-room and in a common hall. Travel agents, while designing travel packages for this, follow guidelines of halal. Malaysia, Turkey and many more countries offer facilities in accordance with the religious beliefs of Muslim tourists in order to attract more customers. Currently, there exist no internationally recognized standards on Halal tourism.
The Halal tourism industry also provides flights where no alcohol or pork products are served, prayer timings are announced, and religious programs are broadcast as part of entertainment offered on board.
Many international hotels do serve halal food that is slaughtered in accordance with the teachings of Islamic Sharia and is free of any substances forbidden by Islam such as pork and alcohol. Some hotels have employed people from the Muslim world to provide translation services and other assistance that may be needed by tourists from Muslim countries.The Economist's article on Halal Business published on May 25, 2013: ""It is not just manufactured halal products. Services such as halal holidays are booming, too. Crescent Tours, a London-based online travel specialist, books clients into hotels in Turkey that have separate swimming pools for men and women, no-alcohol policies and halal restaurants, and rents out private holiday villas with high walls"", which was featured on Forbes offers Muslim-friendly hotels and advice about halal food options, Quran availability and more.Based on a report by Thomson Reuters, in 2014 Muslims from around the globe spent $142 billion on travel (excluding Hajj and Umrah). In comparison, travellers from China spent $160 billion on travel in 2014, while US travellers spent $143 billion, placing the Muslim travel sector in third place in global travel spending and accounting for 11 per cent of total global expenditures on travel.Muslim travel contributed over US$156 billion to global GDP in 2016 and is primed to grow to US$220 billion by 2020, according to the Global Muslim Travel Index 2017 by CrescentRating."
Evelyn Joshua,"Evelyn Joshua (born December 17, 1968) is a Nigerian pastor, media personality and entrepreneur. She was the wife of T.B Joshua, and succeeded him as head of the Synagogue, Church of All Nations following his death."
T. B. Joshua,"Temitope Balogun Joshua (12 June 1963 – 5 June 2021), popularly known as T. B. Joshua, was a Nigerian charismatic pastor, televangelist, and philanthropist. He was the leader and founder of Synagogue, Church of All Nations (SCOAN), a Christian megachurch that runs the Emmanuel TV television station from Lagos.
Joshua was widely known across Africa and Latin America and had a large social media presence with over 6,000,000 fans on Facebook. His YouTube channel, Emmanuel TV, had over 1,000,000 subscribers and was the most-viewed Christian ministry on the platform before the channel was suspended by YouTube in 2021 for alleged homophobic hate speech. Joshua was described by media outlets as the ""Oprah of Evangelism"" and ""YouTube's most popular pastor"".Joshua was awarded various accolades, notably receiving the Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR) by the Nigerian government in 2008 and being voted the Yoruba man of the decade by Pan-Yoruba media outlet Irohin-Odua. He was called one of Africa's 50 most influential people by Pan-African magazines The Africa Report and New African Magazine.As of 2011, according to Forbes, Joshua was Nigeria's third-richest pastor, although the claim was immediately denied in a statement by the church. He was a controversial figure, and was officially blacklisted by the government of Cameroon in 2010.

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Kosher tourism,"Kosher tourism is tourism which is geared mostly towards  Orthodox Jews. The accommodations in these destinations include kosher foods, and are within walking distance of Orthodox synagogues. Flights to these destinations often have kosher airline meals available."
Muslim travel,
Pilgrimage,"A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about their self, others, nature, or a higher good through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life.

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Pilgrimage (TV series),Pilgrimage is a BBC Two television series following celebrities from different faiths trekking together as a group (assembled for the show) on an historical pilgrimage. Along the way they engage in interfaith dialogue.
Road to Makkah,"Road to Makkah is a Saudi Arabian initiative to streamline the immigration process for pilgrims to Makkah. The initiative was launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah (Saudi Arabia) and has been implemented in five countries: Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Morocco, and Bangladesh."
Rural tourism,"Rural tourism is a tourism that focuses on actively participating in a rural lifestyle. It can be a variant of ecotourism. Many villages can facilitate tourism because many villagers are hospitable and eager to welcome or host visitors. Agriculture has become more mechanized and requires less manual labor. This trend is causing economic pressure on some villages, which in turn causes young people to move to urban areas. There is however, a segment of the urban population that is interested in visiting the rural areas and understanding the lifestyle."
"Adatepe, Ayvacık",Adatepe is a village in the Ayvacık District of Çanakkale Province in northwestern Turkey. Its population is 396 (2021). The village was revived in the 1980s when the traditional stone houses were restored by people seeking to escape city life.
Agritourism,Agritourism or agrotourism involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch.
Bruno Weber Park,"Bruno Weber Park is a sculpture park in the Swiss municipalities Spreitenbach and Dietikon, and besides the Fahr Abbey one of the visitor attractions in the Limmat Valley. The sculpture garden is designed as a Gesamtkunstwerk of the Swiss artist Bruno Weber (1931–2011)."
David R. Corbin,"David R. Corbin (born July 20, 1944) is an American former politician and farmer. He served as a Republican in both the Kansas State Senate and the Kansas House of Representatives.
Corbin was born in Wichita, and was raised in the rural community of Towanda, Kansas; he is a fifth-generation farmer. In addition to farming, Corbin has expanded his business to include agritourism, using his farm to host weddings, host corporate meetings, and attract visitors to a large annual Christmas-themed display.He ran for the Kansas House in 1990, taking office in January 1991, and served only one term there before moving upwards to successfully run for the State Senate in 1992. There, he was re-elected in 1996 and 2000, but in 2004 faced a primary election challenge from fellow Republican Peggy Palmer. Corbin was defeated in the primary, taking 39% of the vote to Palmer's 61%, and did not return to politics."
Forestur,"Forestur is a pilot project, co-financed by the European Union through the Leonardo da Vinci Programme, aiming at increasing the skills of tourism professionals in rural areas by providing lifelong learning services on-line."
Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Center,"The Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Center (贵州乡村旅游发展中心), founded in 2006, was then approved by the Guizhou People's Congress as a non-profit organization. It is devoted to preserving, protecting and developing the diverse culture and non-material heritage of ethnic minority groups in southwest China, particularly their beautiful handicraft art. It is also devoted to helping Guizhou's young generation of designers and others who desire to promote ethnic art. Over the years, the Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Center has partnered with many domestic and international organizations, modern designers and young volunteers in seeking to uncover the precious art of Guizhou's many ethnic minority groups, to promote innovative design and to protect this wonderful inheritance."
Henness Ridge Fire Lookout,"The Henness Ridge Fire Lookout in Yosemite National Park was built in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) which was a public work relief program for unemployed men age 18-24. The CCC provided unskilled manual labor related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural areas of the United States.
One of two examples of the National Park Service Rustic style built in Yosemite, the Henness Ridge Fire Lookout is a three-story structure.  On the lowest level, this version has a garage with room for one vehicle. The mid level is an office/bunk area with a 360 view of Yosemite and the surrounding Sierra National Forest. Atop this level is an upper observation area, with an overhanging roof. It is smaller than the underlying office level to provide a walkway around the periphery.
This lookout was the second built in Yosemite, with the prototype built at Crane Flat and was still in use in the 1980s. It was designed in the National Park Service Rustic style, and is one of only four similar structures in California, with the Crane Flat Fire Lookout being the only other in Yosemite. These lookouts were specifically designed to blend with their surroundings, in contrast to the metal towers used by the U.S. Forest Service.
""The 1979 case study recommended certain properties for further evaluation under the National Register criteria. Those included … the Henness Ridge structure is also significant in conservation. It is historic structure number 5300"""
Jucker Farm,"Jucker Farm is a Swiss agrotourism company and agriculture producer and distributor, that operates three farm estates including restaurants and three farm shops. Based in Seegräben in the canton of Zürich, Jucker Farm is known for the agricultural events, among them the biggest pumpkin festival in Switzerland, and Jucker Farm is also the most important pumpkin producer respectively distributor in Switzerland."
Maharashtra State Agri and Rural Tourism Co-operative Federation Limited,Maharashtra State Agri and Rural Tourism Co-operative Federation Limited is a federation of agriculturalists and their co-operatives. Its scope of influence is Maharashtra an Indian state. It is also known by the acronym MART.
Rawaseneng Monastery,"Rawaseneng Monastery (Indonesian: Pertapaan Rawaseneng, Pertapaan Santa Maria Rawaseneng) is a monastery complex of the Catholic Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (O.C.S.O.), popularly known as the Trappists, located in Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The monastery was officially established on 1 April 1953 as a daughter house of Koningshoeven Abbey in Tilburg, Netherlands. Apart from being a residence for the monks, there are also a church, prayer garden, retreat houses, coffee plantations, dairy farms along with the processing industries within the monastery complex. Ronald Bell, a pilgrim from the United States, shares his impression about this place, ""You will get all the stages, praying, meditating, contemplating sacred readings, and working. All of those constitute an inseparable part of the experience."" Not far from the monastery complex, it lies the Church of Santa Maria dan Yoseph as the center of the Rawaseneng Parish, just ahead of the Kindergarten and Elementary School of Fatima Rawaseneng which are managed by the Dominican nuns.Like the monks in other Trappist monasteries, the monks of Rawaseneng Monastery lives on prayer and works of their hands. The results of their works on coffee plantations, dairy farms, and bakery/cake industries become the main source of livelihood of the monks in the monastery, thus they do not live by relying on contribution from the congregation. In his address during the 60th anniversary celebration of the Rawaseneng Monastery on 25 August 2013, Archbishop Johannes Pujasumarta said, ""Together with the nuns of the Trappist Gedono, they present a Church that prays and works in the Archdiocese of Semarang."""
Rural crafts,"Rural crafts refers to the traditional crafts production that is carried on, simply for everyday practical use, in the agricultural countryside. Once widespread and commonplace, the survival of some rural crafts is threatened.Rural crafts are not considered part of arts and crafts, as they are produced for a practical means, and not for leisure. As they are a part of a general and simple set of skills that are easily learned, they have not been produced for sale by an artisan class of makers. 

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Rural tourism of Paraguay,"Paraguay is a rural country, and many urban residents enjoy vacationing on ranches in the countryside. While the tourism market is mainly domestic, some international tourists also visit rural Paraguay."
Yosemite Firefall,"The Yosemite Firefall was a summer time event that began in 1872 and continued for almost a century, in which burning hot embers were spilled from the top of Glacier Point in Yosemite National Park to the valley 3,000 feet (900 m) below. From a distance it appeared as a glowing waterfall. The owners of the Glacier Point Hotel conducted the firefall. History has it that David Curry, founder of Camp Curry, would stand at the base of the fall, and yell ""Let the fire fall,"" each night as a signal to start pushing the embers over.
The Firefall ended in January 1968, when George B. Hartzog, then the director of the National Park Service, ordered it to stop because the overwhelming number of visitors that it attracted trampled the meadows, and because it was not a natural event. The NPS wanted to preserve the valley, returning it to its natural state. The Glacier Point Hotel was destroyed by fire 18 months later and was not rebuilt.
The Firefalls were performed at 9 p.m. seven nights a week as the final act of a performance at Camp Curry."
"Yosemite West, California","Yosemite West is an unincorporated community of resort homes located just outside the southern area of Yosemite National Park, just off Wawona Road, a continuation of State Route 41 from Fresno. It is a census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 47 as of the 2020 census. It is situated one mile (1.6 km) south of the Chinquapin intersection of Wawona Road with Glacier Point Road, at an altitude of 5,100 to 6,300 feet (1,600 to 1,900 m). The elevation reported by the USGS is 5,866 feet (1,788 m). The community is part of Henness Ridge, nearly 3,000 feet (910 m) above the southern banks of the Merced River and State Route 140 from Mariposa. Addresses in this area are shown as ""Yosemite National Park, CA 95389""."
Sex tourism,"Sex tourism refers to the practice of traveling to foreign countries, often on a different continent, with the intention of engaging in sexual activity or relationships in exchange for money or lifestyle support. This practice predominantly operates in countries where sex work is legal. The World Tourism Organization of the United Nations has acknowledged this industry is organised both within and outside the structured laws and networks created by them.Sex tourism is commonly regarded as a transnational challenge, as it can be seen to target marginalised demographics in developing nations, such as South East Asia and Brazil. The chief ethical concerns arise from: the economic gap between tourists and residents, the sexual trafficking of children and women and the parties taking advantage of the ability to engage with minors. These groups and individuals are subject to the foreign prostitution laws of the destination's jurisdiction, often resulting in exploitation and abuse. Sexual activities that involve minors are almost universally non-consensual and illegal.
Sex tourism is known as a multibillion-dollar industry that globally supports a workforce estimated in the millions, with service industries such as the airline, taxi, restaurant and hotel industries profiting. A number of countries have become popular destinations for sex tourism, including Brazil, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, the Netherlands (particularly Amsterdam), Kenya, Colombia, Thailand, Cambodia, Cuba, and Indonesia (particularly Bali). The countries popular for female sex tourism include Southern Europe (mainly in Greece, Italy, Cyprus, Spain and Portugal); the Caribbean (led by Jamaica, Barbados and the Dominican Republic); Brazil, Egypt, Turkey, Sri Lanka, India (particularly Goa) and Phuket in Thailand; and the Gambia, Senegal and Kenya in Africa. Other popular destinations include Bulgaria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Morocco, Jordan, Peru, Fiji, Colombia, and Costa Rica."
Bangkok Girl,"Bangkok Girl is a documentary film that was both produced and directed by Jordan Clark. It is a low-budget film, having cost $10,000 to produce, and takes sex tourism in Bangkok as its subject. Bangkok Girl is 43 minutes long and focuses on Pla (full name: Sirirat Rapsithorn), a bargirl who is 19 years old and who guides Clark through the city. The film explores Pla's background and how she came to be where she is. Pla began working as a bargirl at the age of 13, and, while she had managed to avoid being forced into prostitution up until the point that the documentary was filmed, the film suggests that she will eventually be forcibly prostituted. In November 2005, the film aired on ""The Lens"", a program on Canada's CBC Television. Sweden's Sveriges Television also aired the film."
Big Apple Oriental Tours,"Big Apple Oriental Tours was a travel agency based in New York City. It was criticized for its promotion of sex tourism. In 2013, the operator was convicted in a prostitution sting."
Child sex tourism,"Child sex tourism (CST) is tourism for the purpose of engaging in the prostitution of children, which is commercially facilitated child sexual abuse. The definition of child in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is ""every human being below the age of 18 years"". Child sex tourism results in both mental and physical consequences for the exploited children, which may include sexually transmitted infections (including HIV/AIDS), ""drug addiction, pregnancy, malnutrition, social ostracism, and death"", according to the State Department of the United States. Child sex tourism, part of the multibillion-dollar global sex tourism industry, is a form of child prostitution within the wider issue of commercial sexual exploitation of children. Child sex tourism victimizes approximately 2 million children around the world. The children who perform as prostitutes in the child sex tourism trade often have been lured or abducted into sexual slavery.Users of children for commercial and sexual purposes can be categorized by motive. Although pedophiles are popularly associated with child sex tourism, they are not the majority of users. There are two types of offenders: preferential abusers who specifically prefer children, because they seek to build a relationship with a child or because they perceive the risk of sexually transmitted infections to be lower; and situational users, which are abusers who do not actively seek out children but for whom the actual act is opportunistic. For situational users, there may be a lack of concern to check the age of a prostitute before engaging in sexual activity.Travelling child sex offenders can use the Internet to plan their trips by seeking out and trading information about opportunities for child sex tourism and where the most vulnerable children can be found, generally in areas of low income. Multiple governments have enacted laws to allow prosecution of its citizens for child sexual abuse committed outside of their home country. However, while laws against child sex tourism may deter situational offenders who may act impulsively, pedophiles who travel specifically for the purpose of exploiting children are not easily deterred."
Female sex tourism,"Female sex tourism is sex tourism by women who travel intending to engage in sexual activities with one or more locals, including male sex workers and female sex workers. Female sex tourists may seek aspects of the sexual relationship not typically shared by male sex tourists, such as perceived romance and intimacy. The incidence of female sex tourism is relatively much lower than male sex tourism, so the number of female sex tourists makes it somewhat difficult to research this phenomenon.Female sex tourism occurs in diverse regions of the world. Africa, the Caribbean, and southern Europe appear to be preferred destinations for female sex tourists, but some other regions with many unemployed or underemployed males are also becoming popular. Recent research has suggested that some female sex tourists depending on the women's nationality and what country they're visiting, do not seek male sex workers. A 2018 study found that Australian female sex tourists were more likely to seek female prostitutes than male prostitutes.Female sex tourists can be grouped into three types:

Traditional sex tourists, who have similar characteristics and motives as male sex tourists.
Situational sex tourists, who do not intentionally put themselves in a sex tourist position, but find themselves involved in a sexual encounter with local men. Situational sex tourists may fall into the category of either being businesswomen, students, women in overseas conferences or other women who have different agendas that are non-sexual.
Romance tourists, who plan to fulfill their travel with romantic experiences that they cannot experience in their native country.With this movement of different populations to different countries, problems concerning health increase, especially ailments involving sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. Some women involved with sex tourism do not use barrier contraceptives during the majority of their visit, leaving them and the men they have sex with unprotected against STIs.

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Operation Predator,"Operation Predator is an initiative started on July 9, 2003 by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), a division of the Department of Homeland Security, to protect children from sexual predators.
Operation Predator targets foreign national sex offenders (deportable aliens), child traffickers, child-sex tourists, and people involved in all levels of child pornography, from producers to distributors to consumers.
As of January 2007, there have been over 9,300 arrests under Operation Predator.  Over 1,000 of those arrests occurred within the first three months of the operation.  More than 85% of the arrests made as part of Operation Predator have been arrests of foreign national sex offenders whose crimes make them removable from the United States. Approximately 40% of these are lawful permanent residents and approximately 40% of these are illegal immigrants.  To date, more than 5,000 of these predators have been deported.  They have also made arrests against human smugglers and child pornographers.
Operation Predator has become the main force behind President Bush's PROTECT Act, which makes it illegal for Americans to travel abroad in order to have sex with a minor.  This growing sex tourism industry is fueled by citizens of wealthy countries (mostly Americans, who make up an estimated 25% of all offenders) going to places such as Thailand, Cambodia, and Costa Rica, where they believe they will be protected by lax child protection laws or corrupt law enforcement.  Those three nations have been working with ICE and World Vision on a public awareness campaign to stop this industry. Cambodia and Mexico had already been working closely with ICE to stop child sex tourism in their countries.
Some of Operation Predator's other major successes to date include a single web portal to various sex offender registry databases and creating a National Child Victim Identification System.  On the international front, they have increased cooperation with INTERPOL and various international governments to combat child pornography and child sex tourism.
There is also an Operation Predator iPhone app to allow users to receive alerts about suspected child sex predators, share the information with friends via email and social media, and submit tips.The Department of Justice estimates that somewhere between 300,000 and 400,000 U.S. children are sexually exploited every year. The United Nations estimates that one million children are forced into prostitution every year.  ICE estimates that child sex tourism victimizes upwards of two million children a year."
Paradise: Love,"Paradise: Love (German: Paradies: Liebe) is a 2012 drama film directed by Ulrich Seidl. It tells the story of a 50-year-old Austrian woman who travels to Kenya as a sex tourist. The project is an Austrian production with co-producers in Germany and France. It is the first installment in Seidl's Paradise trilogy, a project first conceived as one film with three parallel stories.
Paradise: Love competed at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. It subsequently screened within such festivals as Toronto International Film Festival, Maryland Film Festival and New Zealand International Film Festival.

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Sand Dollars (film),"Sand Dollars (Spanish: Dólares de arena) is a 2014 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Laura Amelia Guzmán and Israel Cárdenas. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It was selected as the Dominican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards. In 2016, director Laura Amelia Guzmán announced she was working on a sequel called Noelí Overseas."
Sex show,A sex show is a form of live performance that features one or more performers engaging in some form of sexual activity on stage for the entertainment or sexual gratification of spectators. Performers are paid either by the spectators or by the organisers of the show.
Sex tourism in Ukraine,"Sex tourism in Ukraine is visiting the country for the purposes of sexual activity. It is on rise as the country attracts many foreign visitors. The main reason for the situation stem from the combined effect of various factors. Currently, in Ukraine, the effect is constituted by a high level of the population poverty and its feminization, limited options for social mobility and very active system of organized crime.The majority of the Ukrainian sex industry exists underground and prospers due to poor law enforcement and widespread corruption. Despite making the criminal penalties for human trafficking and coerced prostitution tougher, the laws criminalizing organized prostitution have had little effect.In 2013 sex tourism within Ukrainian borders was reported to growing considerably, raising concern in Ukrainian society and attracting condemnation from feminist activists such as FEMEN."
Space tourism,"Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism.
During the period from 2001 to 2009, seven space tourists made eight space flights aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station, brokered by Space Adventures in conjunction with Roscosmos and RSC Energia. The publicized price was in the range of US$20–25 million per trip. Some space tourists have signed contracts with third parties to conduct certain research activities while in orbit. By 2007, space tourism was thought to be one of the earliest markets that would emerge for commercial spaceflight.: 11 Russia halted orbital space tourism in 2010 due to the increase in the International Space Station crew size, using the seats for expedition crews that would previously have been sold to paying spaceflight participants. Orbital tourist flights were set to resume in 2015 but the planned flight was postponed indefinitely. Russian orbital tourism eventually resumed with the launch of Soyuz MS-20 in 2021.On June 7, 2019, NASA announced that starting in 2020, the organization aims to start allowing private astronauts to go on the International Space Station, with the use of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and the Boeing Starliner spacecraft for public astronauts, which is planned to be priced at 35,000 USD per day for one astronaut, and an estimated 50 million USD for the ride there and back.Work also continues towards developing suborbital space tourism vehicles. This is being done by aerospace companies like Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic. SpaceX announced in 2018 that they are planning on sending space tourists, including Yusaku Maezawa, on a free-return trajectory around the Moon on the Starship."
Science tourism,"Science tourism is a travel topic grouping scientific attractions. It covers interests in visiting and exploring scientific landmarks, including museums, laboratories, observatories and universities. It also includes visits to see events of scientific interest, such as solar eclipses.
A laboratory is a workplace and many have ongoing scientific research. They may not be open to the general public, or may only offer occasional special opportunities for public access. Many observatories are open to the public at regular hours, and have tours showcasing their astronomical research."
Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane,"The Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane, also called EADS Astrium TBN according to some sources, is a suborbital spaceplane concept for carrying space tourists, proposed by EADS Astrium (currently Airbus Defence and Space), the space subsidiary of the European consortium EADS (currently Airbus).  A full-size mockup was officially unveiled in Paris, France, on June 13, 2007, and is now on display in the Concorde hall of the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace. The project is the first space tourism entry by a major aerospace contractor.
It is a rocket plane with a large wingspan, straight rearwards wing and a pair of canards. Propulsion is ensured by classical turbofan jet engines for the atmospheric phase and a methane-oxygen rocket engine for the space tourism phase. It can carry a pilot and four passengers. The dimensions and looks are somewhat similar to those of a business jet.
As of 2007, EADS Astrium hoped to start development of this rocket plane by 2008, with the objective of a first flight in 2011. There was also a possibility that the Tunisian area of Tozeur might be used for the initial flights. Demonstrator test flight regarding conditions encountered in the end-of-flight phase of a return from space occurred on June 5, 2014.As of 2015, EADS Astrium was waiting for investors."
Eric C. Anderson,"Eric C. Anderson (born 1974) is an American entrepreneur and aerospace engineer. He is the co-founder and chairman of Space Adventures Ltd., the first commercial spaceflight company, which has arranged for eight missions for privately funded individuals to the International Space Station since 2001.  Anderson is widely credited as having established the market for commercial spaceflight. He is also a founding partner of Space Angels Network, CEO of Intentional Software Corporation, co-founder and chairman of Planetary Power, Inc., co-founder and former co-chairman of Planetary Resources and chairman of Personal.com and Booster Fuels."
Apogee of Fear,"Apogee of Fear is a 2012 science fiction comedy short film, the first narrative fiction film made completely in space. (Contrast Return from Orbit, 1984 film made partially in space.) Filmed by Richard Garriott from a script and production elements he contracted from fantasy novelist Tracy Hickman, the film's principal photography was accomplished during Garriott's time aboard the International Space Station as a spaceflight participant in October 2008."
Arianespace,"Arianespace SA is a French company founded in 1980 as the world's first commercial launch service provider. It undertakes the operation and marketing of the Ariane programme. The company offers a number of different launch vehicles: the heavy-lift Ariane 5 for dual launches to geostationary transfer orbit, the Soyuz-2 as a medium-lift alternative, and the solid-fueled Vega for lighter payloads.As of May 2021, Arianespace had launched more than 850 satellites in 287 launches over 41 years. The first commercial flight managed by the new entity was Spacenet F1 launched on 23 May 1984. Arianespace uses the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana as its main launch site. Through shareholding in Starsem, it can also offer commercial Soyuz launches from the Baikonur spaceport in Kazakhstan. It has its headquarters in Évry-Courcouronnes, Essonne, France."
Astronaute Club Européen,"The Astronaute Club Européen or ACE, is a French association created on December 3, 2005 (decree of the Journal Officiel n°20050049), by Jean-Pierre Haigneré (cosmonaut), Laurent Gathier (director of space activities of Dassault Aviation and space pioneer) and Alain Dupas (Physicist, head of mission at CNES); and whose headquarters are located in the rooms of the Aéroclub de France in Paris.

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Aurora Space Station,"The Aurora Space Station was a technology concept for a private commercial space station in low Earth orbit that was announced on 5 March 2018 by Orion Span, a startup aerospace company in California, United States funded by Pear Venture and Berkeley SkyDeck. The concept envisions a capacity of six people: two crew and four tourists.No launch contract has been signed for deployment of the modules nor crewed vehicles, and its construction has not started, but its representatives claimed it would be launched in 2021. In March 2021 the website announced that they had shut down operations and refunded all deposits."
Axiom Orbital Segment,"Axiom Orbital Segment or Axiom Segment (or AxS) are the planned modular components of the International Space Station (ISS) designed by Axiom Space for commercial space activities. Axiom Space gained initial NASA approval for the venture in January 2020. Axiom Space was later awarded the contract by NASA on February 28, 2020. This orbital station will be separated from the ISS to become a modular space station, Axiom Station, after the ISS is decommissioned."
Axiom Station,
Bigelow Aerospace,"Bigelow Aerospace is an American aeronautics and outer space technology company which manufactures and develops expandable space station modules. Bigelow Aerospace was founded by Robert Bigelow in 1998, and is based in North Las Vegas, Nevada. It is funded in large part by the profit Bigelow gained through his ownership of the hotel chain, Budget Suites of America.By 2013, Bigelow had invested US$250 million in the company. Bigelow stated on a number of occasions that he was prepared to fund Bigelow Aerospace with about US$500 million through 2015 in order to achieve launch of full-scale hardware.Bigelow Aerospace announced in 2010 that they intended to create a modular set of space habitats for creating or expanding space stations. The company built two unmanned free-flying prototypes that flew in 2006 and 2007 and a module attached to the International Space Station.
In March 2020, the company laid off all 88 of its employees due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and planned to rehire staff when conditions permitted."
Black Sky: The Race for Space,"Black Sky: The Race For Space is a 2004 Discovery Channel documentary about Space Ship One, and how a small team backed by Paul Allen achieved human suborbital spaceflight and won the Ansari X Prize.  It contains insights about how the rocketplane was built, the challenges they faced when they flew it, the vision of Burt Rutan about the future of this technology (tier two and three), and his thoughts about NASA and government. It won a Peabody Award in 2004."
Blue Origin,"Blue Origin, LLC is an American aerospace manufacturer, defense contractor, launch service provider  and space exploration company headquartered in Kent, Washington, United States. The company makes rocket engines for United Launch Alliance (ULA) and other customers. The company also manufactures rockets, spacecrafts and heavy-lift launch vehicles. The company was selected as the second provider for lunar lander services for NASA's Artemis program and was awarded a $3.4 billion contract. The company has three engines in production including the BE-3U, BE-3PM and BE-4. The company is working on a fourth advanced rocket engine, called the BE-7, which is still under development, and when completed, will be used on planetary bodies other than Earth.The company was awarded the Robert J. Collier Trophy in 2016 for demonstrating rocket booster reusability with their New Shepard Rocket Program. The award is administered by the U.S. National Aeronautic Association (NAA) and is presented to those who have made ""the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America, with respect to improving the performance, efficiency, and safety of air or space vehicles, the value of which has been thoroughly demonstrated by actual use during the preceding year."""
Blue Origin Goddard,"Blue Origin Goddard is the name of the first development vehicle in Blue Origin's New Shepard program, which flew for the first time on November 13, 2006. Named after rocketry pioneer Robert H. Goddard, the vehicle is a subscale demonstrator and flew up to a height of about 85 m (279 ft) during its initial flight. The private spacecraft venture is being funded by the billionaire founder Jeff Bezos.
Rob Meyerson led Blue Origin from 2003 to 2017 and served as its first president.

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Blue Origin NS-16,"Blue Origin NS-16 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin which flew on 20 July 2021. The mission was the sixteenth flight of the company's New Shepard integrated launch vehicle and spacecraft, and its first crewed flight. It carried into space American billionaire and Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos, his brother Mark, pilot and Mercury 13 member Wally Funk, and Dutch student Oliver Daemen. The flight commenced from Blue Origin's Corn Ranch sub-orbital launch site in West Texas aboard the third flight of New Shepard booster NS4 and the spacecraft RSS First Step, both having previously flown on NS-14 and NS-15 earlier in the year.Blue Origin NS-16 was the first human spaceflight from the U.S. state of Texas. Daemen, aged 18, and Funk, aged 82, became the youngest and oldest people to travel to space, respectively, until William Shatner took the record of oldest in space at age 90 on NS-18. The flight was approximately 10 minutes, and crossed the Karman Line. The mission became the first fully automated flight with civilian passengers, as well as the first multi-person, internationally-recognized sub-orbital spaceflight."
Blue Origin NS-18,"Blue Origin NS-18 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin that launched on 13 October 2021. The mission was the eighteenth flight of the company's New Shepard integrated launch vehicle and spacecraft. It was the second crewed New Shepard launch. The flight, carrying four people including actor William Shatner, launched from Blue Origin's sub-orbital launch site in West Texas aboard the fourth flight of New Shepard booster NS4 and the spacecraft RSS First Step, both having previously flown on NS-14, NS-15, and NS-16 earlier in the year. 
At 90, Shatner became the oldest person to fly into space, surpassing the record of 82 which had been held by Wally Funk for three months since her flight on Blue Origin NS-16. Per Blue Origin, Shatner was a guest of the company on the flight and did not have to pay for the trip.While in space, Shatner experienced the overview effect and articulated it live on camera in a post-flight conversation with Jeff Bezos."
Blue Origin NS-19,"Blue Origin NS-19 was a crewed New Shepard sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin that launched on 11 December 2021. The flight was scheduled to launch on 9 December 2021, later delayed to 11 December 2021.The mission patch of the flight also featured the initials of Glen de Vries who died in a plane crash a month after flying on Blue Origin's previous crewed flight NS-18."
Blue Origin NS-20,"Blue Origin NS-20 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin, which launched on 31 March 2022 using the New Shepard rocket. With six people on board, it was Blue Origin's fourth crewed flight, and twentieth flight overall to reach space.The flight was originally scheduled to launch on 23 March, but was later postponed to 29 March, and then again to 31 March. American comedian Pete Davidson was expected to fly on board, but was unable to due to the launch date change. It was later announced that Blue Origin employee Gary Lai, chief architect of Blue Origin's New Shepard vehicle, would replace Davidson. Apart from Lai, the five other participants of the flight were paying passengers."
Blue Origin NS-21,"Blue Origin NS-21 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission, operated by Blue Origin, which launched on 4 June 2022 using the New Shepard rocket. It was Blue Origin's fifth crewed flight, and twenty-first overall to reach space.The mission was originally scheduled to launch on 20 May 2022. However, the flight was delayed due to a back-up system not meeting the ""expectations for performance,"" and the new 4 June launch date was announced on 31 May 2022.Apollo 16 astronaut Charles Duke was a guest of Blue Origin attending the launch."
Blue Origin NS-22,"Blue Origin NS-22  was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission, operated by Blue Origin, which launched on 4 August 2022 using the New Shepard rocket.  It was Blue Origin's sixth crewed flight and the twenty-second overall to go into space."
The Challenge (2023 film),"The Challenge, also known as Doctor's House Call (Russian: Вызов, romanized: Vyzov), is a 2023 Russian space drama film co-written and directed by Klim Shipenko and partially filmed aboard the International Space Station. Alongside Yulia Peresild, starring as a surgeon sent to space to help an injured cosmonaut, the film's cast includes Miloš Biković and Vladimir Mashkov. The film crew was accompanied by cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov, Oleg Novitsky, Pyotr Dubrov, and NASA astronaut Mark T. Vande Hei.
This is the first collaboration between the Russian space corporation Roscosmos and the public broadcaster Channel One, with an approximate budget of around 1.155 billion rubles. It is also the world's first feature-length fiction film to have scenes shot in space by a professional filmmaker. Filming in orbit took place for nearly two weeks, and premiered on the World Cosmonautics Day, the 62nd anniversary of the first human spaceflight by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, 12 April 2023, at the State Kremlin Palace in the Moscow Kremlin.The Challenge was theatrically released in Serbia and Russia on 20 April 2023 by Central Partnership, on an analogue of IMAX called CosMAX.The film collected more than 1 billion rubles at the box office by the thirteenth day of theatrical showings. It holds the record for the highest-grossing Russian film on its opening day, and it grossed 1.991 billion rubles against a production budget of 905 million rubles."
Cosmopolis XXI,"Cosmopolis XXI was a late 2000s Russian concept launch vehicle billed as a space tourism vehicle, similar to Mojave Aerospace's Tier One program. Designed and built by the Myasishchev Design Bureau, it would use the M-55X launch aircraft (derived from Myasishchev M-55), and the proposed C-21 spaceplane or its successor the Explorer. It would be a TSTSO (Two-Stage to SubOrbit) launch platform.
The Explorer spaceplane is a suborbital tourist spaceplane based on the  C-21 design. The plane was being developed by Space Adventures with the Russian Federal Space Agency and was intended to carry 3 passengers. It is to be air-launched by carrier aircraft from a Space Adventures spaceport.  Space Adventures abandoned the Explorer project in 2010 because ""it got too expensive.""  It is unclear if Russia continues its development."
DearMoon project,"The dearMoon project is a lunar tourism mission and art project conceived and financed by Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa. It will make use of a SpaceX Starship spacecraft on a private spaceflight flying a single circumlunar trajectory around the Moon. The passengers will be Maezawa and eight other civilians, and there may be one or two crew members. The project was unveiled in September 2018 and is scheduled to launch in 2024. The project objective is to have eight passengers travel with Maezawa for free around the Moon on a six-day tour. Maezawa expects that the experience of space tourism will inspire the accompanying passengers in the creation of something new. The art would be exhibited some time after returning to Earth to help promote peace around the world.
Maezawa had previously contracted in 2017 with SpaceX for a lunar flyby in a much smaller Dragon 2 spacecraft launched by a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle, which would have carried only two passengers. According to a SpaceX announcement in early 2018, the Falcon Heavy plan was shelved in light of the development of Starship."
DSE-Alpha,"Deep Space Expedition Alpha (DSE-Alpha), is the name given to the mission proposed in 2005 to take the first space tourists to fly around the Moon. The mission is organized by Space Adventures Ltd., a commercial spaceflight company. The plans involve a modified Soyuz capsule docking with a booster rocket in Earth orbit which then sends the spacecraft on a free return circumlunar trajectory that circles around the Moon once. While the price was originally announced in August 2005 to cost US$100 million per seat, Space Adventures founder Eric Anderson announced in January 2011 that one of the two available seats had been sold for $150 million."
Galactic 02,"Galactic 02 is a planned crewed sub-orbital spaceflight of the SpaceShipTwo-class VSS Unity, expected to launch on 10 August 2023. It will be the second commercial spaceflight and seventh overall spaceflight for American aerospace company Virgin Galactic. The mission will be the first to carry paying customers, as the previous flight, Galactic 01, carried astronauts from the Italian Air Force and the Italian National Research Council."
Galactic Suite Design,"Galactic Suite Design is an aerospace design company based in Barcelona, Spain. The company develops concepts and designs for aerospace projects. The company became well known for its announcement of the Galactic Suite Space Resort, a cancelled plan to create an orbital space station.Galactic Suite Design was the lead company in the consortium of companies fielding the Barcelona Moon Team, a competitor for the Google Lunar X Prize, with a Moon launch scheduled for 2014."
Gateway Spaceport,"Gateway Spaceport was formed in 2012 to build the first rotating spaceport and space hotel. On January 1, 2022, Gateway Foundation's name was changed to Gateway Spaceport LLC.
Their plan to develop the spaceport includes developing a robust space construction industry, the first artificial gravity space station, and ultimately the Gateway, a city in space with a spaceport."
Haven-1,"Haven-1 is a planned space station in low Earth orbit that is currently in development by American aerospace company Vast. The station is expected to launch no earlier than August 2025 atop a SpaceX Falcon 9. The first mission to Haven-1, Vast-1, is expected to launch a crew of four astronauts on board of a Crew Dragon spacecraft to the space station for thirty days. More launches are expected to occur using Crew Dragon to shuttle astronauts to and from Haven-1 over the course of its lifespan.The station will be unable to sustain itself over a long period of time and will rely on the Crew Dragon for long-term missions by using its life support systems. Using Dragon, the station will be capable of sustaining 4-crew missions with 24/7 communication facilities, up to 1,000 watts of power, up to 150 kg of preloaded cargo mass, and science, research, and in-space manufacturing opportunities for up to 30 days.The crews aboard the station will also conduct experiments in an attempt to mimic the amount of gravity the Moon has."
Takafumi Horie,"Takafumi Horie (堀江 貴文, Horie Takafumi, born October 29, 1972) is a Japanese entrepreneur who founded Livedoor, a website design operation that grew into a popular internet portal. After being arrested and charged with securities fraud in 2006, he severed all connections with the company. His trial began on September 4, 2006. On March 16, 2007, Horie was sentenced to imprisonment of 2 years and 6 months.
He is popularly known as Horiemon (ホリエモン) due to his resemblance to Doraemon, the chubby robot cat in a popular Japanese cartoon. The name Horiemon was also given to a racehorse he owned, after the name had been chosen by voting on a Livedoor website."
XCOR Lynx,"The XCOR Lynx was a proposed suborbital horizontal-takeoff, horizontal-landing (HTHL),
rocket-powered spaceplane that was under development by the California-based company XCOR Aerospace to compete in the emerging suborbital spaceflight market. The Lynx was intended to carry one pilot, a ticketed passenger, and/or a payload above 100 kilometres (62 mi) altitude. The concept was under development since 2003, when a two-person suborbital spaceplane was announced under the name Xerus.
In January 2016, XCOR changed plans for the first flight of the Lynx spaceplane. It was initially planned for the second quarter of 2016 from the Midland spaceport in Texas, but, in early 2016, it was pushed to an ""undisclosed and tentative"" date at the Mojave spaceport.In May 2016, XCOR announced development of the Lynx had been halted with layoffs of approximately one-third of the staff; the company intended to concentrate on development of their liquid hydrogen rocket under contract with United Launch Alliance, instead.Following the bankruptcy of XCOR Aerospace in 2017, the assets of the company were sold to the nonprofit organization Build A Plane, which will focus on education rather than suborbital flight.

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MirCorp,
Mu Space,"Mu Space and Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., operating under the name Mu Space Corp, is an manufacturer and internet service provider in Southeast Asia that was founded by James Yenbamroong in 2017."
New Glenn,"New Glenn is a heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle in development by Blue Origin, named after NASA astronaut John Glenn, the first American astronaut to orbit Earth. Design work on the vehicle began in 2012; illustrations of the vehicle, and the high-level specifications, were initially publicly unveiled in September 2016. New Glenn is a two-stage rocket with a diameter of 7 m (23 ft). Its first stage will be powered by seven BE-4 engines that are also being designed and manufactured by Blue Origin.
Like the New Shepard suborbital launch vehicle used for space tourism activities, the New Glenn's first stage has been designed to be reusable since its inception. In 2021, the company started a program to make the second stage reusable as well, with the project codenamed Project Jarvis. A first test tank was created in 2021.Originally aiming for first launch of New Glenn in 2020, Blue Origin has publicly announced delays on three occasions: to 2021 in late 2018, to fourth quarter of 2022 in early 2021, and to no earlier than Q4 2023 in March 2022."
New Shepard,"New Shepard is a fully reusable sub-orbital launch vehicle developed for space tourism by Blue Origin. The vehicle is named after Alan Shepard who became the first American to travel into space and was the fifth person to walk on the Moon. The vehicle is capable of vertical takeoff and landings. Additionally, it is also capable of carrying humans and customer payloads into a sub-orbital trajectory.  
New Shepard consists of a booster rocket and a crew capsule. The capsule can be configured to house up to six passengers, cargo, or a combination of both. The booster rocket is powered by one BE-3PM engine, which sends the capsule above the Kármán line, where passengers and cargo can experience a few minutes of weightlessness before the capsule returns to Earth.
The launch vehicle is designed to be fully reusable, with the capsule returning to Earth via three parachutes and a solid rocket motor. The booster lands vertically on the same launchpad it took off from. Blue Origin has successfully launched and landed the New Shepard launch vehicle 22 times with 1 partial failure deemed successful and 1 failure. The launch vehicle has a length of 15.0 m, a diameter of 3.7 m and a launch mass of 75 T. The BE-3PM engine produces 490 kN of thrust at takeoff."
Orbital Reef,"Orbital Reef is a planned low Earth orbit (LEO) space station designed by Blue Origin and Sierra Nevada Corporation's Sierra Space for commercial space activities and space tourism uses. Blue Origin has referred to it as a ""mixed-use business park"". The companies released preliminary plans on 25 October 2021. The station is being designed to support 10 persons in 830 m3 of volume. The station is expected to be operational by 2027.On 2 December 2021, NASA announced it had selected Blue Origin as one of three companies to develop designs of space stations and other commercial destinations in space. Blue Origin was awarded $130 million. These Space Act Agreements are the first phase of two with which NASA aims to maintain an uninterrupted U.S. presence in low-Earth orbit by transitioning from the International Space Station to other platforms."
Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station,"The Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station is a proposed orbital space station intended for commercial clients.  The station was initially proposed in 2010 by Orbital Technologies, a Russian aerospace firm (not to be confused with Orbital Sciences Corporation), who is collaborating to develop the station with Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (RSC Energia)."
Orphans of Apollo,"Orphans of Apollo is a 2008 documentary film directed and produced by Michael Potter, co-directed by Becky Neiman and edited by Todd Jones, which describes how a band of entrepreneurs tried to privatize the space station Mir and tells the story that led to the development of MirCorp. It features prominent NewSpace entrepreneurs  and space advocates (Rick Tumlinson, Jeffrey Manber), backed financially by Walter Anderson."
PD AeroSpace,"PD Aerospace (Japanese: ＰＤエアロスペース株式会社, Hepburn: Pī Dī Earosupēsu Kabushiki-gaisha), often abbreviated PDAS, is a Japanese space tourism company based in Nagoya founded in 2007 by Shuji Ogawa. The ""PD"" in the company's name stands for ""pulse detonation"". PDAS is developing a suborbital spaceplane to carry two pilots and six passengers using a hybrid of jet and rocket power. Initial tickets are planned for ¥ 14,000,000 (about $125,000 USD as of April 2017) eventually lowering to ¥400,000 (about $3,600).PDAS plans to develop a hybrid engine that produces jet and rocket thrust, using pulse detonation jet and pulse combustion rocket modes. To reduce the cost of development and keep the vehicle low-cost, PDAS plans to use commercially available hardware, instead of custom-designed parts. H.I.S. and ANA own 10% and 7% of the company, respectively.

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Pioneer Rocketplane,"Pioneer Rocketplane was an aerospace design and development company intent on developing affordable crewed space flight.  The company is most famous for advocating a horizontal takeoff, turbo-jet and rocket propelled, aerial-refueled, rocket plane concept called the Pathfinder.  The company still exists, but is no longer in operation.  Pioneer's intellectual property is now owned by Rocketplane Limited, Inc., however Rocketplane Limited does not employ any of the principals of Pioneer Rocketplane."
Progress M1-2,"Progress M1-2 was a Progress spacecraft which was launched by Russia in 2000 to resupply the Mir space station. It was a Progress-M1 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 252.Progress M1-2 was launched by a Soyuz-U carrier rocket from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Launch occurred at 20:08:02 GMT on 25 April 2000. The spacecraft docked with the Aft port on the Kvant-1 module of Mir at 21:28:47 GMT on 27 April. It remained docked for 171 days before undocking at 18:06 GMT on 15 October to make way for Progress M-43. It was deorbited later the same day. The spacecraft burned up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean at around 23:29 GMT.Progress M1-2 carried supplies to Mir, including food, water and oxygen for the crew and equipment for conducting scientific research. Progress M1-2 was the first privately funded resupply mission to a space station. It was funded by RKK Energia as part of the MirCorp programme. It was the last Progress spacecraft to be docked to Mir whilst a crew was present aboard the station.

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Quasi Universal Intergalactic Denomination,"The Quasi Universal Intergalactic Denomination (QUID) is a proposed ""space currency"" created as a viral marketing campaign launched by Travelex with the London-based public relations and advertising firm, talkPR. The full name is a backronym from 'quid', a slang term for the British Pound. The campaign stated that Travelex was launching a new form of money for space tourists that had no sharp edges, was chemically inert, and had other advantages over paper money.

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Redwire,"Redwire Corporation is an American aerospace manufacturer and space infrastructure technology company headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. The company was formed on June 1, 2020 by the private equity firm AE Industrial Partners.

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Rocketplane Global Inc.,Rocketplane Global Inc. is a reusable rocketplane aerospace design and development company incorporated in Delaware.
"Rocketplane Limited, Inc.","Rocketplane Limited, Inc. was a spacecraft design and development company headquartered in De Pere, Wisconsin. After filing for bankruptcy, the company reincorporated as Rocketplane Global Inc."
RocketShip Tours,"RocketShip Tours is an American space tourism company founded in 2008 by travel industry entrepreneur Jules Klar and which planned to provide sub-orbital human spaceflights to the paying public, in partnership with rocketplane developer XCOR Aerospace. Klar created RocketShip Tours to act as General Sales Agent for XCOR Aerospace.
Jules Klar got his start in the travel business in New York City in 1961. He founded $5-A-Day Tours in partnership with Arthur Frommer of Frommer's fame. Klar's company, Great American Travel became one of the most successful wholesale travel organizations in America through the succeeding years. The company's space tourism package included screening, training and a trip into suborbital space. Jules selected XCOR Aerospace to partner with, due to its record of reliable rocket engine development and technological approach towards suborbital space travel.
In 2012 XCOR signed Space Expedition Corporation (SXC) as their new General Sales Agent For Space Tourism Flights.Note: The information visible on Infobox Company with that the URL of website is not found. The landing page is not found."
RSS First Step,"RSS First Step (Reusable Space Ship First Step) is a New Shepard space capsule, built and operated by American spaceflight company Blue Origin. It is the third New Shepard capsule to fly to space, and the first to fly passengers. Its first flight was the NS-14 mission, which reached an altitude of 107 km (66 mi) on 14 January 2021."
Saturn Rising,"""Saturn Rising"" is a short story by the British writer Arthur C. Clarke. It was first published in March 1961 in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. It was included in Tales of Ten Worlds, a collection of stories by Clarke first published in 1962. It has been translated into French, German, Italian and Croatian. The story imagines the development of space tourism."
Scaled Composites Stratolaunch,"The Scaled Composites Model 351 Stratolaunch or Roc is an aircraft built by Scaled Composites for Stratolaunch Systems to carry air-launch-to-orbit (ALTO) rockets, and subsequently repurposed to offer air launch hypersonic flight testing after a change of ownership. It was announced in December 2011, rolled out in May 2017, and flew for the first time on April 13, 2019, shortly after the death of founder Paul Allen. The aircraft features a twin-fuselage design and the longest wingspan ever flown, at 385 feet (117 m), surpassing the Hughes H-4 Hercules ""Spruce Goose"" flying boat of 321 feet (98 m). The Stratolaunch is intended to carry a 550,000-pound (250 t) payload and has a 1,300,000-pound (590 t) maximum takeoff weight.
The company ceased operations in May 2019, shortly after the first flight, and placed all company assets, including the aircraft, for sale by June 2019. In October 2019, Cerberus Capital Management acquired Stratolaunch Systems, including the Stratolaunch aircraft. Stratolaunch announced in December 2019 that it would now be focusing on offering high-speed flight test services. As of April 2023, the Stratolaunch has flown ten times, including three with a hypersonic test aircraft, and been declared operational.

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Scaled Composites Tier One,"Tier One was a Scaled Composites' 1990s–2004 program of suborbital human spaceflight using the reusable spacecraft SpaceShipOne and its launcher White Knight. The craft was designed by Burt Rutan, and the project was funded 20 million US Dollars by Paul Allen.  In 2004 it made the first privately funded human spaceflight and won the 10 million US Dollars Ansari X Prize for the first non-governmental reusable crewed spacecraft.
The objective of the project was to develop technology for low-cost routine access to space.  SpaceShipOne was not itself intended to carry paying passengers, but was envisioned that there would be commercial spinoffs, initially in space tourism.  The company Mojave Aerospace Ventures was formed to manage commercial exploitation of the technology.  A deal with Virgin Galactic could see routine space tourism in the late 2010s using a spacecraft based on Tier One technology."
Scaled Composites White Knight Two,"The Scaled Composites Model 348 White Knight Two (WK2) is a quadjet cargo aircraft that is used to lift the SpaceShipTwo spacecraft to release altitude. It was developed by Scaled Composites from 2007 to 2010 as the first stage of Tier 1b, a two-stage to suborbital-space crewed launch system. WK2 is based on the successful mothership to SpaceShipOne, White Knight, which itself is based on Proteus.
With an ""open architecture"" design and explicit plans for multi-purpose use, the aircraft could also operate as a zero-g aircraft for passenger training or microgravity science flights, handle missions in high-altitude testing more generally, or be used to launch payloads other than SpaceShipTwo. A study of use of the aircraft as a forest fire water bomber has also been mentioned, one that would utilize a large carbon composite water tank that could be quickly replenished to make repeat runs over fires.The first White Knight Two is named VMS Eve after Richard Branson's mother Eve Branson; it was officially unveiled on July 28, 2008, and flew for the first time on December 21, 2008.  The second is expected to be named VMS Spirit of Steve Fossett after Branson's close friend Steve Fossett, who died in an aircraft accident in 2007. 
As of 2015, it is not clear how many SS2 and WK2 vehicles will actually be built."
ShareSpace foundation,"ShareSpace is a non-profit educational foundation focused on the benefits of the STEAM disciplines‍—‌science, technology, engineering, arts, and math‍—‌for both the individual young person and society as a whole."
Space Fellowship,"The Space Fellowship is an international news and information network dedicated to the development of the space industry.
The organisation works to report and communicate space news and information to its valued community. Offering a unique and fresh approach, the International Space Fellowship works alongside leading space organisations with the goal of bringing space to the general public. Its online news service provides visitors with the latest news and updates from both inside and outside the space community."
Space Island Group,"Space Island Group (SIG) is a commercial organization based in West Covina, CA that is dedicated to the development of commerce, research, manufacturing and tourism in space. They plan to accomplish this by designing, building and operating commercial space transportation systems and destinations.  Their flagship project is the Space Island Project. They plan to accomplish this through the use of technologies, vehicles and procedures developed by NASA and aerospace companies over the last 25 years."
Space Tourism Society,"The Space Tourism Society is a California 501(c)3 non-profit organization founded in 1996 by John Spencer, a former member of the board of directors of the National Space Society, with the goal of promoting space tourism.
Their stated goal, as quoted from their website, is: ""To conduct the research, build public desire, and acquire the financial and political power to make space tourism available to as many people as possible, as soon as possible.""
The STS is based in the US and has chapters in Japan, Norway, Canada, Malaysia, India, Russia, and the United Kingdom. It is an organization member of the Alliance for Space Development."
Space Tourists,"Space Tourists is a feature-length documentary of the Swiss director Christian Frei. The film had its premiere at the Zurich Film Festival in 2009 and has won the ""World Cinema Directing Award"" at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010."
SpaceShip III,"SpaceShip III (SS3, also with Roman numeral III; formerly SpaceShipThree) is an upcoming class of spaceplanes by Virgin Galactic to follow SpaceShipTwo. It was first teased on the Virgin Galactic Twitter account on 25 February 2021 announcing the rollout of the first SpaceShip III plane on 30 March 2021."
SpaceShipTwo,"The Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo (SS2) is an air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism. It is manufactured by The Spaceship Company, a California-based company owned by Virgin Galactic.
SpaceShipTwo is carried to its launch altitude by a Scaled Composites White Knight Two, before being released to fly on into the upper atmosphere powered by its rocket engine. It then glides back to Earth and performs a conventional runway landing. The spaceship was officially unveiled to the public on 7 December 2009 at the Mojave Air and Space Port in California. On 29 April 2013, after nearly three years of unpowered testing, the first one constructed successfully performed its first powered test flight.Virgin Galactic plans to operate a fleet of five SpaceShipTwo spaceplanes in a private passenger-carrying service and has been taking bookings for some time, with a suborbital flight carrying an updated ticket price of US$250,000. The spaceplane could also be used to carry scientific payloads for NASA and other organizations.On 31 October 2014, during a test flight, the first SpaceShipTwo VSS Enterprise broke up in flight and crashed in the Mojave desert. A preliminary investigation suggested that the craft's descent device deployed too early. One pilot, Michael Alsbury, was killed; the other was treated for a serious shoulder injury after parachuting from the stricken spacecraft.The second SpaceShipTwo spacecraft, VSS Unity, was unveiled on 19 February 2016. The vehicle is undergoing flight testing. Its first flight to space (above 50 miles altitude), VSS Unity VP03, took place on 13 December 2018."
SpaceX Mars program,"The SpaceX Mars program is a set of projects through which the aerospace company SpaceX hopes to facilitate the colonization of Mars. The company claims that this is necessary for the long-term survival of the human species and that its Mars program, including the ongoing development of the SpaceX Starship, will reduce space transportation costs, thereby making travel to Mars a more realistic possibility.
Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, first presented his goal of enabling Mars colonization in 2001 as a member of the Mars Society's board of directors. In the 2000s and early 2010s, SpaceX made many vehicle concepts for delivering payloads and crews to Mars, including space tugs, heavy-lift launch vehicles, and Red Dragon capsules. The company's current Mars plan was first formally proposed at the 2016 International Astronautical Congress alongside a fully-reusable launch vehicle, the Interplanetary Transport System. Since then, the launch vehicle proposal was altered and renamed to ""Starship"", and has been in development since. The company has given many estimates of dates of the first human landing on Mars.
SpaceX plans for early missions to Mars to involve small fleets of Starship spacecraft, funded by public–private partnerships. The company hopes that once infrastructure is established on Mars and the launch cost is reduced further, colonization can begin.
The program has been criticized as impractical, both because of uncertainties regarding its financing and because it only addresses transportation to Mars and not the problem of sustaining human life there."
Starchaser Industries,"Starchaser Industries is a privately-owned space tourism company based in the UK.  Formed in 1992, the company designed and built several prototype rocket systems for space tourism vehicles. Starchaser's rocket NOVA 1 launched in 2001 from Morecambe Bay. The vehicle holds the UK record for the biggest successful rocket launch fired from the British mainland.  Starchaser operate an Educational Outreach Programme that aims to take areas of physics and chemistry and explain their use in rocket building."
Space tourism startup companies,
Swiss Space Systems,"Swiss Space Systems (S3) was a company that planned to provide orbital launches of small satellites and crewed sub-orbital spaceflights. The company was based in Payerne in western Switzerland, near Payerne Air Base, where it planned to build a spaceport in 2015. Suborbital spaceplanes were to be launched from an Airbus A300, giving the spacecraft more initial speed and altitude than if it were launched from the ground. The spacecraft, in turn, would release a disposable third stage.As of March 2013, the company planned to charge CHF 10 million (US$10.5 million) per launch, using uncrewed suborbital spaceplanes that could carry satellites weighing up to 250 kilograms (550 lb). Costs were expected to be reduced by the reusable nature of the spaceplane and launch facilities, and by somewhat lower fuel-consumption than conventional systems.In 2013, S3 also hoped to develop a crewed version of its suborbital spaceplane to provide supersonic intercontinental flights to paying customers. According to CEO Pascal Jaussi: ""Far from wishing to launch into the space tourism market, we want rather to establish a new mode of air travel based on our satellite launch model that will allow spaceports on different continents to be reached in an hour.""As of March 2013, project partners included the European Space Agency, Dassault Aviation and the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics.According to Swiss public broadcasting, Swiss Space Systems became heavily indebted. In 2016, Swiss Space Systems asked to delay bankruptcy procedures as new funds from Singapore bank Axios Credit were expected. However, news tabloid Blick reported that Singapore authorities declared that Axios is not a licensed bank. On 14 December 2016, Swiss Space Systems was declared bankrupt in the civil court of Broye and North Vaud."
Tourism on Mars,
Tourism on the Moon,"Lunar tourism may be possible in the future if trips to the Moon are made available to a private audience. Some space tourism startup companies are planning to offer tourism on or around the Moon, and estimate this to be possible sometime between 2023 and 2043."
Virgin Galactic,"Virgin Galactic is an American spaceflight company founded by Richard Branson and the Virgin Group conglomerate which retains an 11.9% stake through Virgin Investments Limited. It is headquartered in California, and operates from New Mexico. The company is developing commercial spacecraft and aims to provide suborbital spaceflights to space tourists. Virgin Galactic's suborbital spacecraft are air launched from beneath a carrier airplane known as White Knight Two. Virgin Galactic's maiden spaceflight occurred in 2018 with its VSS Unity spaceship. Branson had originally hoped to see a maiden spaceflight by 2010, but the date was delayed for several years, and then delayed again, primarily due to the October 2014 crash of VSS Enterprise.
The company did the early work on the satellite launch development of LauncherOne before this was hived off to a separate company, Virgin Orbit, in 2017. The company also has aspirations for suborbital transport and in 2017, Branson has said that Virgin Galactic was ""in the best position in the world"" to provide rocket-powered, point-to-point 3,000 mph (4,800 km/h) air travel.On 13 December 2018, VSS Unity achieved the project's first suborbital space flight, VSS Unity VP-03, with two pilots, reaching an altitude of 82.7 kilometres (51.4 mi), and officially entering outer space by U.S. standards. In February 2019, the project carried three people, including a passenger, on VSS Unity VF-01, with a member of the team floating within the cabin during a spaceflight that reached 89.9 kilometres (55.9 mi).
On 11 July 2021, the company founder Richard Branson and three other employees rode on a flight as passengers, marking the first time a spaceflight company founder has travelled on his own ship into outer space (according to the NASA definition of outer space beginning at 50 miles above the Earth).
In February 2022, Virgin Galactic announced that it opens ticket sales to the public. The price of a reservation is $450,000. The company had sold tickets before February 2022 to clients that had paid deposits earlier or otherwise ""were on a list""; as of November 2021 the company had about 700 customers (tickets sold). The company aims to have about 3 launches per month sometime in 2023.A spin-off company, Virgin Orbit, used the same launch approach to achieve orbital launch, but was shut down in May 2023.
In June 2023, the company announced it would launch the first commercial space tourism flight called Galactic 01 later in the month. This came after completing its final test flight in May.On June 29, 2023 Virgin Galactic launched its first commercial space flight successfully.

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VMS Eve,"VMS Eve (Tail number: N348MS)  is a carrier mothership for Virgin Galactic and launch platform for SpaceShipTwo-based Virgin SpaceShips. 

 VMS Eve was built by Scaled Composites for Virgin Galactic. The ""VMS"" prefix stands for ""Virgin MotherShip""."
VSS Enterprise,"VSS Enterprise (tail number: N339SS) was the first SpaceShipTwo (SS2) spaceplane, built by Scaled Composites for Virgin Galactic.  As of 2004, it was planned to be the first of five commercial suborbital SS2 spacecraft planned by Virgin Galactic.
It was also the first ship of the Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo class, based on upscaling the design of record-breaking SpaceShipOne.
The VSS Enterprise's name was an acknowledgement of the USS Enterprise from the Star Trek television series.  The spaceplane also shared its name with NASA's prototype Space Shuttle orbiter, as well as the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise.
It was rolled out on 7 December 2009.SpaceShipTwo made its first powered flight in April 2013. Richard Branson said it ""couldn't have gone more smoothly"".Enterprise was destroyed during a powered test flight on 31 October 2014, killing one pilot, Michael Alsbury, and seriously injuring another, Peter Siebold. This was the first spacecraft-related accident in which part, but not all, of the crew survived. An investigation revealed the accident was caused by premature deployment of the ""feathering"" system, the ship's descent device; the NTSB also faulted the spacecraft's design for lacking fail-safe mechanisms that could have deterred or prevented early deployment."
VSS Imagine,"VSS Imagine (Virgin Space Ship Imagine), is a SpaceShip III class suborbital rocket-powered crewed spaceplane. It is the first SpaceShip III to be built and will be used as part of the Virgin Galactic fleet. The spacecraft was rolled out 30 March 2021 and was planned to undergo ground and glide testing during summer 2021. Although as of spring 2022 it has not yet flown."
VSS Unity,"VSS Unity (Virgin Space Ship Unity, registration: N202VG), previously referred to as VSS Voyager, is a SpaceShipTwo-class suborbital rocket-powered crewed spaceplane.  It is the second SpaceShipTwo to be built and is part of the Virgin Galactic fleet. It first reached space as defined by the United States (above 50 miles or 80.5 km) on 13 December 2018, on the VP-03 mission.Unity is able to reach space as defined by the U.S. Air Force, NASA, and the FAA, by going over 50 miles (80.5 km) above sea level. However, it is unable to go above the Kármán line, the FAI's defined space boundary of 100 km (62.1 miles).
VSS Unity was rolled out on 19 February 2016
and completed ground-based system integration testing in September 2016, prior to its first flight on 8 September 2016."
Sustainable tourism,"Sustainable tourism is a concept that covers the complete tourism experience, including concern for economic, social and environmental issues as well as attention to improving tourists' experiences and addressing the needs of host communities. Sustainable tourism should embrace concerns for environmental protection, social equity, and the quality of life, cultural diversity, and a dynamic, viable economy delivering jobs and prosperity for all. It has its roots in sustainable development and there can be some confusion as to what ""sustainable tourism"" means.: 23  There is now broad consensus that tourism should be sustainable. In fact, all forms of tourism have the potential to be sustainable if planned, developed and managed properly. Tourist development organizations are promoting sustainable tourism practices in order to mitigate negative effects caused by the growing impact of tourism, for example its environmental impacts.

The United Nations World Tourism Organization emphasized these practices by promoting sustainable tourism as part of the Sustainable Development Goals, through programs like the International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development in 2017. There is a direct link between sustainable tourism and several of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).: 26  Tourism for SDGs focuses on how SDG 8 (""decent work and economic growth""), SDG 12 (""responsible consumption and production"") and SDG 14 (""life below water"") implicate tourism in creating a sustainable economy. According to the World Travel & Tourism Travel, tourism constituted ""10.3 percent to the global gross domestic product, with international tourist arrivals hitting 1.5 billion marks (a growth of 3.5 percent) in 2019"" and generated $1.7 trillion export earnings yet, improvements are expected to be gained from suitable management aspects and including sustainable tourism as part of a broader sustainable development strategy."
BEST Education Network,"BEST Education Network (BEST-EN), headquartered at James Cook University, Australia is an international, inclusive and collaborative network, focusing on the creation and dissemination of knowledge to support education and practice in the field of sustainable tourism."
DestiNet.eu,"DestiNet.eu is a Knowledge Networking portal for Sustainable Tourism and Responsible Tourism.
DestiNet was started in 2002 by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the Network Evolution for Sustainable Tourism (NEST).
The World Tourism Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) became partners in 2006.
ECOTRANS has been the executive body since 2005. (ECOTRANS - founded in 1993 - is a non-profit organisation based in Saarbrücken, Germany. It is a European network of experts and organisations in tourism, environment and regional development).
QualityCoast is one of the organisation in the Ecotrans-network. It is dedicated to sustainable tourism in coastal regions and relates its members to DestiNet."
EarthCheck,"EarthCheck (previously known as EC3 Global), an international tourism advisory group. It is headquartered in Brisbane, Queensland and was developed by the Sustainable Tourism CRC, a research centre specialising in sustainable tourism and research.
In June 2010, the Sustainable Tourism CRC (STCRC), completed its formal research agreement with the Australian Commonwealth Government. As one of Australia's most successful research centres, it evolved into three International legacy projects. These include Sustainable Tourism Online, the not-for-profit EarthCheck Research Institute (ERI) and the APEC International Centre for Sustainable Tourism. All of these centres for excellence are supported by EarthCheck."
European Greenways Association,"In May 1997, the first European Conference on Soft Traffic and Railways Paths (held at Val-Dieu Abbey, Belgium) voted to set up the European Greenways Association (EGWA). This association was created by many local, regional and national associations active in the scope of sustainable transport, willing to share their knowledge and objectives at a European level.A greenway is defined as a stand-alone route for non-motorised traffic, developed with the following objectives: to integrate facilities & increase environmental value and quality of life. Greenways encompass the following characteristics:  suitability of width, slope & surface to allow secure, appropriate use for a wide range of users including mobility impaired people. 
The current President is Giulio Senes, who is a professor at the Università degli Studi di Milano"
Green conventions,"Green conventions or green meetings are conventions which are conducted in ways which minimize the environmental burdens imposed by such activities. Green event planners apply environmentally preferred practices to waste management, resource and energy use, travel and local transportation, facilities selection, siting and construction, food provision and disposal, hotels and accommodations, and management and purchasing decisions. The practice is known as ""event greening"" or ""sustainable event management"".
Green event and convention planning is now an established trend within the global tourism, sport events and convention industry. Several cities in the United States and Europe now sport green convention centers designed using green building principles and practices.
Several high visibility events including the Olympic Games in Italy, Sydney, Utah, and Greece; the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, and the 2004 Democratic and Republican National Conventions have implemented green practices with varied success. A more recent example is that of Live Earth, a series of worldwide concerts held on July 7, 2007, that initiated a three-year campaign to combat climate change. Such efforts aim to conserve resources, protect air and water quality, habitat and human health, and showcase sustainability practices and concerns.
Parts of the tourism and convention industry now promote green meetings, conferences, and convention planning as demand for sustainability measures increases. Industry associations have produced standards and guides for green meetings. Government agencies and non-profit organizations also promote these practices with research, recommendations, grants and technical support. Some private consultants in the meeting planning industry specialize in mounting green events, and industry groups and governments now sponsor awards to recognize achievements.
Green conventions, meetings, conferencing and events are part of an international movement to achieve a sustainable world economy and livable planet."
Green Globe Company Standard,"The Green Globe certification is an assessment of the sustainability performance of travel and tourism businesses and their suppliers. Businesses can monitor improvements and document achievements leading to certification of their sustainable operation and management.
The standard includes 44 core criteria supported by over 380 compliance indicators. The applicable indicators vary by type of certification, geographical area, and local factors. The entire standard is reviewed and updated twice each year.
The standard, available to all Green Globe members, covers the following areas of sustainability:

Management
Social and Economic
Cultural Heritage
EnvironmentEach section includes a complete set of indicators, certification policies and procedures, and auditor guidelines."
Green Key Global,"Green Key Global is an international eco-label which certifies hotels and venues operating in 20 countries. The industry-run group is based in Ottawa and has over 1,800 participating facilities. The system is based on self-reporting, with facilities receiving a certification between one and five keys.The organization collaborates with other leaders in the hospitality sector environmental stewardship, including EcoStay Certified and Greenview, to encourage hoteliers to join forces in meaningful sustainability. The partnership enables property owners and managers to fund important conservation projects, measure their progress, and be a part of a shared environmental legacy of nature and beauty. Through its partnership with Greenview, EcoStay Certified offers an innovative portal system that makes it easy for member hotels to track, measure, and improve their sustainability and social responsibility performance."
Green Key International,"Green Key International is an international eco-label awarded to accommodations and other hospitality facilities that commit to sustainable business practices. Awarded establishments comply with strict criteria, independently verified through regular on-site audits.
It aims to contribute to the prevention of climate change by awarding and advocating facilities with positive environmental initiatives. Green Key is a non-governmental, non-profit, independent programme operating under the umbrella organisation of the Foundation for Environmental Education, FEE. The programme is recognised and supported by the World Tourism Organization, WTO and United Nations Environmental Programme, UNEP. Green Key has an international programme administration at the FEE Head Office in Copenhagen and Green Key National Operators in most member countries implementing the programme on national levels.
Green Key is one of the largest eco-labels for the hospitality industry worldwide and currently has more than 3,200 awarded hotels and other establishments in 65 countries.

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Walter Hunziker,"Walter Hunziker (1899–1974) was a Swiss professor who founded the Tourism Research Institute at the University of St. Gallen, co-developed the scientific study of tourism, developed the travel savings fund concept, co-founded the Association Internationale d'Experts Scientifiques du Tourisme (AIEST) and the Institut International de Glion. He was a director of the Swiss Tourism Federation, member of Swiss Advisory Committee for Trade Policy, and author."
International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development,2017 was declared as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development by the United Nations General Assembly on 4 December 2015 relating to sustainable tourism toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Josefina Klinger Zúñiga,"Josefina Klinger Zúñiga is a Colombian environmentalist and community activist from Nuquí. She is the founder and director of the organization Mano Cambiada, which promotes sustainable tourism in the Chocó Department through a model of community self-management. Klinger Zúñiga received a Cafam Woman Award in 2015 and an International Women of Courage Award in 2022."
Kystpilgrimsleia,"Kystpilgrimsleia, Norwegian for ""Coastal Pilgrim Route"", is the name of the pilgrim way that runs along the west coast of Norway and culminates at the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. Kystpilgrimsleia is a joint project between four counties and four diocese to create a comprehensive and sustainable tourism product that promotes cultural heritage and provides a unique experience of more all the fjords of Norway."
Offa's Country,"Offa's Country is a sustainable tourism project developed under the 2009 Welsh-English Border Strategic Regeneration Programme. The programme is funded by the Welsh Government, Natural England and Advantage West Midlands. Partnerships have been developed between the bodies responsible for the four protected landscapes along a corridor including the administrative border and Offa's Dyke itself, namely Brecon Beacons National Park, Clwydian Range AONB, Shropshire Hills AONB and the Wye Valley AONB together with the Offa's Dyke National Trail. Various other local and quasi-governmental bodies from either side of the border are also involved.
The first phase of the project, encouraging more walking tourism, was Walking with Offa, launched in October 2011 at the Offa's Dyke Centre in Knighton, Powys."
Responsible tourism in Thailand,"Responsible tourism is a relatively modern concept in the Kingdom of Thailand that took root in the late-1990s. It is underpinned by the belief that tourism should develop in a manner that minimizes negative impacts on local communities, and wherever possible ensure that a positive symbiosis exists between hosts and visitors. Responsible travel promotes a respect for indigenous culture, the minimization of the negative environmental impacts of tourism, active participation in volunteering to assist local communities, and the structuring of businesses to benefit the final service provider rather than an international agent."
Responsible Travel,"Responsible Travel is an activist travel company offering over 6,000 responsible holidays from 400 holiday providers around the world. In 2018 annual sales were £20.8m and the company took 16,500 passengers. It is one of the world’s largest green travel companies. It is also a travel publisher and has published over 650 destination guides as of March 2019.
The company sells holidays designed to maximise the benefit and minimise the harm involved in tourism and was the first of its kind in the world.
Holidays are screened for their compliance with environmental, social and economic criteria with an emphasis on grassroot initiatives and local providers. The company asks travellers to leave reviews, rating their holidays and the social and environmental credentials from 5 to 1.
Responsible Travel was founded in 2001 by Justin Francis (British entrepreneur) and Professor Harold Goodwin, Director at The International Centre for Responsible Tourism.
Dame Anita Roddick of The Body Shop was one of the first investors, believing that: “Responsible travellers want experiences rather than packages, authenticity rather than superficial exoticism and holidays that put a little bit back into local communities and conservation. This is the future of tourism.”
The company introduces travellers directly to responsible travel and tourism options including accommodation owners and holiday providers.
According to Simon Calder, Travel Editor at The Independent, “the ResponsibleTravel business model overturned conventional travel thinking. Instead of intervening between the travel enterprise and the tourist, as most agents do, Francis urges them to talk directly.” In 2010 www.responsiblevacation.com was launched in the US. The company is based in Brighton, East Sussex UK. As of November 2018 there were 31 employees.

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Ride-sharing bench,"A ride-sharing bench (usually referred to in Switzerland as 'Mitfahrbänkli') is a public bench with a particular purpose: a person who sits on this bench signals that they want to hitch a spontaneous, free ride in a passenger car to a certain destination.

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Sustainable Tourism CRC,"Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC), headquartered in Gold Coast, Queensland, was an Australian Cooperative Research Centre established by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centers Program to establish a competitive and dynamic sustainable tourism industry in Australia. It ceased to operate on 30 June 2010.STCRC is a not-for-profit company owned by its industry, government and university partners. STCRC stands as the world’s largest travel and tourism research center."
Tourism in Guyana,"Tourism in Guyana is a fledgling industry compared to other countries in the Caribbean. Tourism is mainly focused on ecotourism, and accommodations for business travelers. Guyana is home to Kaieteur Falls  and St. George's Cathedral.
In 2020,18 businesses and 12 tour guides were licensed with the Guyana Tourism Authority (GTA)."
Tourism with a Hand Lens,"""Ecotourism with a Hand Lens"" is a term coined by Dr. Ricardo Rozzi and his colleagues to refer to a new speciality tourism being promoted in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve. Given the discovery of the archipelago's outstanding diversity of mosses, lichens and liverworts (5% of the world's total), Rozzi has called upon tourism operators to place this narrative into their offering for the region and take advantage of this biodiversity hotspot for non-vascular flora.In turn, Rozzi and the Omora Ethnobotanical Park have metaphorically called these small plant communities the ""Miniature Forests of Cape Horn"" to help the broader society understand the ecological role played by these tiny, but diverse, abundant and important organisms. In the Magellanic Subantarctic ecoregion, the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve and the Chilean Antarctic Peninsula, the number of foreign
tourists has doubled in the last decade, with nature tourism being the principal attraction for visitors to the region. With the aim of preventing negative impacts of tourism activity on the biological and cultural diversity, and to contribute to sustainable tourism the Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program at the Omora Ethnobotanical Park, in collaboration with local actors, has developed the field environmental philosophy methodological approach.Field environmental philosophy  methodology integrates ecological sciences and environmental ethics through a four-step cycle consisting of: (i) interdisciplinary ecological and philosophical research; (ii) composition of metaphors and communication of simple narratives; (iii) design of field activities guided with an ecological and an ethical orientation; and (iv) implementation of in situ conservation areas. Under the perspective of field environmental philosophy we have defined ecotourism as “an invitation to have a tour or trip to share and appreciate the oikos of the diverse human and nonhuman inhabitants, their habits and habitats.”  This methodological approach is implemented with the activity of “ecotourism with a hand-lens” at Omora Park. ""Ecotourism with a hand-lens” aims to demonstrate that when adequately planned and administered, ecotourism can contribute to biocultural conservation hand in hand with environmental, economic, and social sustainability.""Tourism with a hand lens"" has been likened to a nature-venerating ritual by the ethnographer Bron Taylor in his book Dark Green Religion."
Diwigdi Valiente,"Diwigdi (""Diwi"") Valiente is an indigenous climate activist from the Guna people in Panama. He communicates the story of the effects of climate change and sea level rise on the community, who mostly live on coastal islands in Guna Yala. He founded the organization ""Burwigan"" which means ""children"" in Kuna to advocate for the community and bring artists to document the effects on the community. He also is an advocate for sustainable tourism, and opened a hostel in 2018 with a business partner Allen Lim.He was profiled in El País in 2019. La Prensa named him one of the top 10 future leaders of Panama in 2020."
Western Wall camera,"A Western Wall camera, also known as a wallcam, is a live webcam that displays action at the Western Wall live as it is taking place.
Some cameras operate all the time. Others refrain from operating during Shabbat and Jewish holy days."
Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority,"Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority (ADTA) was a statutory body in the United Arab Emirates established in 2004 under the Government of Abu Dhabi’s economic diversification strategy. The authority had wide-ranging responsibilities for the promotion and development of the emirate’s tourism industry and international positioning as a destination of distinction.ADTA worked closely with all the emirate's tourism industry stakeholders in the private and public sectors. These bodies included aviation infrastructure and transport suppliers, airlines, destination management companies, accommodation providers and meetings organisers. Together they adopted a collaborative approach to promoting the emirate as an up-market destination with a focus on sustaining and preserving its natural environment and heritage.
ADTA's activities included destination marketing, infrastructure and product development and regulation and classification. The authority had built up an expansive portfolio of major events including the annual European Tour-based Abu Dhabi Golf Championship; the Abu Dhabi Junior Golf Championship; the Al Ain Aerobatics Show; Gourmet Abu Dhabi; the Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge, the Abu Dhabi Red Bull Air Race and the six-weeks long 'Summer in Abu Dhabi' family carnival. It is also a headline sponsor of the Abu Dhabi Yacht Show and actively supports the World Rally Championship through its BP-Ford Team Abu Dhabi alliance, which also extended to sponsorship of reigning Red Bull Air Race champion Hannes Arch and international powerboat and triathlon squads.
ADTA also served as a catalyst in driving inward tourism investment, growth and development. A key initiative in its inward investment strategy was the creation, in 2006 of the Tourism Development and Investment Company (TDIC), the authority's tourism asset management and development arm.The Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority (TCA) was established in February 2012 replacing the Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture & Heritage (ADACH) and the Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority."
Agodi Gardens,"Agodi Gardens is a tourist attraction in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. Also called Agodi Botanical Gardens, Agodi Gardens, Ibadan, the gardens sit on 150 acres of land"
Alberguinn,"Alberguinn is a Youth Hostel, located in Barcelona, Spain.
It was opened in March 2005 and has since catered to low-budget travelers visiting Barcelona. Alberguinn features 50 beds as shared dorm rooms.
It is located at the nice typical Sants district, 5 min walk from the main train  Station Barcelona Sants in Barcelona and 10 min walk from Barcelona's famous FC Barcelona soccer team stadium, Camp Nou"
Allotment (travel industry),"Allotments in the tourism industry are used to designate a certain block of pre-negotiated carrier seats or hotel rooms which have been bought out and held by a travel organizer with a huge buying power like a wholesaler, tour operator or hotel consolidator, and more rarely by a retail travel agent.Allotments can be purchased for a specific period of time such as a whole season, part of a season or for any single dates and then resold to travel partners and final customers around the globe. A couple of days prior to carrier departure/hotel check-in any unsold seats/rooms may be released back to the supplier if such an agreement exists between the two parties. An allotment release back period is also negotiated as part of the allotment contract (e.g. four days prior to check-in/departure)."
Alternative tourism,"Alternative tourism combines tourist products or individual tourist services, different from mass tourism by means of supply, organization and the human resources involved. Other examples of different terms include ""intelligent"" or ""motivated tourism."" In addition, ""anti-tourism"" or ""participative tourism"" are some others. That was just to name few of them. Natural, social, and community value in which allow both host and guest to enjoy positive, worthwhile and shared experience."
Anatolia (journal),"Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research is a journal in the field of tourism and hospitality. It is published by Routledge and is indexed in databases including Scopus, Emerging Sources Citation Index, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature and CAB International's Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Abstracts. It was established in 1990."
Apung 1,"PLTD Apung 1 is a tourist attraction and former active duty electric generator ship, stranded on dry land in Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. The 2,600-ton vessel had been in the sea when the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami occurred, with the tsunami carrying her 2 to 3 kilometres (1.2 to 1.9 mi) inland. The Apung 1, then owned by the local power generating company, crashed upon two homes when she was taken ashore, killing those inside. Visitors can enter the ship and explore the interior in its entirety.The government gave Apung 1 to Aceh during the Aceh conflict between the government and the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, or GAM). In 2012–2013, the boat was renovated and now has two towers, a monument, a flying walk, a jogging area, and a fountain."
Awhum Waterfall,"The Awhum Waterfall is located at Amaugwe village of Awhum town in Udi Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The Awhum Waterfall is formed out of a massive outcrop of granite rock with water flow at the top forming a stream. Some part of the waterfall is usually warm through the seasons. The Awhum waterfall is 30 metres high and is located near the Awhum Monastery.The water is said to be curative (have healing power) and capable of dispelling evil forces if and wherever it is sprinkled. It takes about 45 minutes walk from the parking spot to the fall. The site is particularly good for religious tourism.The Awhum Waterfall is also a popular tourist location in Nigeria."
Bà Nà Hills,"Bà Nà Hill Station (or Bà Nà Hills or Sun World Ba Na Hills) is a hill station and resort located in the Trường Sơn Mountains west of the city of Da Nang, in central Vietnam. The station, advertised as ""the Da Lat of Danang province"" by local tourism authorities, was founded in 1919 by French colonists. The colonists had built a resort to be used as a leisure destination for French tourists. Being located 1500 metres above sea level, it has a view of the East Sea and the surrounding mountains.Due to the elevation of the resort, the temperature is cooler than the environment near the coast. Linh Ung Pagoda is situated near the station, with a cable car nearby to carry tourists to and from the resort."
Baie de Briande,"Baie de Briande is a bay in La Croix-Valmer, on the French Riviera 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Saint-Tropez. The bay is used by tourists.
The bay and the adjacent land are protected as an aire maritime adjacente and an aire d'adhésion of the Port-Cros National Park."
Ballarat Regional Tourism,"Ballarat Regional Tourism (trading as Visit Ballarat) is the separate, relatively autonomous tourism arm of the City of Ballarat. The board was created on January 27, 2011, to enable the local tourism sector to take ownership of destination promotion of Greater Ballarat.The new organisation commenced operations on February 1, 2011, which is when it took over key tourism management responsibilities formerly handled by the Ballarat City Council. Responsibilities of the new tourism arm include promotion of Ballarat and surrounding areas as a tourist destination; providing visitor information through the Visitor Information Centre, and developing and attracting tourism and business events.
During its first year, the organisation was managed by a private sector board with the city council retaining ownership. On March 14, 2012, the city council voted to transfer Ballarat Regional Tourism's ownership to the private sector. The council will still continue to fund the board contingent on it meeting key performance indicators.Ballarat's tourism industry generates $357 million annually in international and domestic spend, attracts 2.4 million visitors, and accounts for more than 2,200 local jobs."
Bandiera arancione,"The Bandiera arancione (Italian pronunciation: [banˈdjɛːra aranˈtʃoːne]; ""Orange Flag"") is a recognition of quality awarded by the Touring Club Italiano to small towns (population 15,000 or less) in Italy for excellency in tourism, hospitality and the environment.
This recognition was established in 1998 in Liguria, in response to a regional institution's demand to foster and promote the Italian hinterland. The Touring Club Italiano (TCI) developed an analytical model to identify the first towns recognized with the Bandiera arancione. Later the recognition was adopted on nationwide scale to identify sites of excellence in all regions of Italy.This is the only Italian project of its kind to be listed by the World Tourism Organization among successful programs for the sustainable development of tourism around the world."
Bicester Village,"Bicester Village is a designer outlet shopping centre on the outskirts of Bicester, a town in Oxfordshire, England. It is owned by Value Retail plc. The centre opened in 1995.
The centre is the second most visited location in the United Kingdom by Chinese tourists, after Buckingham Palace."
Blue Origin NS-20,"Blue Origin NS-20 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin, which launched on 31 March 2022 using the New Shepard rocket. With six people on board, it was Blue Origin's fourth crewed flight, and twentieth flight overall to reach space.The flight was originally scheduled to launch on 23 March, but was later postponed to 29 March, and then again to 31 March. American comedian Pete Davidson was expected to fly on board, but was unable to due to the launch date change. It was later announced that Blue Origin employee Gary Lai, chief architect of Blue Origin's New Shepard vehicle, would replace Davidson. Apart from Lai, the five other participants of the flight were paying passengers."
Blue Route (Nova Scotia),"The Blue Route is a cycling network under development in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. In 2017, the total length of the cycling network was 437 kilometres (272 mi). When completed it will comprise approximately 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) of on- and off-road bicycle routes. The first 56 kilometres (35 mi) section opened in 2015, linking Pictou to Bible Hill, and the whole network is expected to be completed by 2025."
Boat tour,"A boat tour is a short trip in a relatively small boat taken for touristic reasons, typically starting and ending in the same place, and normally of a duration less than a day. This contrasts with river cruising, yacht cruising, and ocean cruising, in larger boats or cruise ships, for any number of days, with accommodation in cabins.
For boat tours, usually a sightseeing boat is used, but sometimes adapted amphibious vehicles or purpose-built amphibious buses. Boat tours are often on rivers and lakes, but can be on canals as well. Sustainability is an increasing issue, since there can be an impact on the environment."
Border Inn,"The Border Inn is a motel on the Utah/Nevada border in Baker, Nevada on U.S. 6/U.S. 50.  It is located near Great Basin National Park.
This motel is unique because while the motel rooms are in Utah, and on Mountain Time, the office, restaurant, and casino are in Nevada, and Pacific Time.  The motel also serves as the housing facilities for the seasonal park rangers of the nearby Great Basin National Park."
Brown Point,"Brown Point (also known as Point Brown) is a headland located in the Australian state of South Australia on the west coast of Yorke Peninsula overlooking Hardwicke Bay about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west of Minlaton.  Since 1999, it has been located within the gazetted locality of Bluff Beach."
Calanque de Port-Miou,"The Calanque de Port-Miou is one of the three big Cassis calanques. It is very long and narrow, and thus was very suitable for establishing a marina.
The name Port-Miou is an approximate transcription in French orthography of the Occitan Pòrt-Melhor (the ""best port"") which is locally pronuncied /pwɔʁ.mi.ju/."
Calanques de Piana,"Calanques de Piana (Corsican: calanchi di Piana or calanche di Piana) are Corsican calanques located in Piana, between Ajaccio and Calvi, in the Gulf of Porto. It is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site that includes other sites in the Gulf of Porto, due to its beauty, rich marine biodiversity, and unique maquis shrubland. The jagged cliffs are made of red ochre.

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California Office of Tourism,"The California Office of Tourism, popularly referred to as the Division of Tourism, is a statutory office within the Business, Transportation and Housing Agency. Created by the California Tourism Marketing Act, the office's primary responsibilities are oversight of the California Tourism Selection Committee and the California Travel and Tourism Commission.
The office is directed by the  Caroline Beteta who is Deputy Secretary of Tourism of the Business, Transportation and Housing Agency, who also serves as the executive director of the Travel and Tourism Commission."
CAS Space,"CAS Space (Guangzhou Zhongke Aerospace Exploration Technology Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese commercial space launch enterprise founded in 2018 of mixed ownership, partially owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.  Originally started in Beijing, the enterprise is now headquarterd in Guangzhou, China, while its Beijing location continues to be its primary R&D center. The enterprise has constructed its dedicated launch pad and facilities at JSLC. The launch pad is considered the first launch pad in China built for commercial use. The enterprise has multiple subsidiaries including a Guangzhou-based company responsible for the operation of its aerospace technology & industry base and a Xi'an-based propulsion system company. The enterprise is purposed to materialize research projects from Chinese Academy of Sciences and is dedicated to space exploration, research and to be a launch service provider. The enterprise is currently developing the Kinetica (力箭) rocket family.
The enterprise has a motto of ""Go above and beyond"", or ""无畏向上 无限可能"" as it is publicized in Chinese."
Cathedral Caves,"The Cathedral Caves are two connected limestone sea caves located on Waipati Beach, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Papatowai, on the Catlins Coast in the southeast corner of New Zealand's South Island. The two main cave systems join together within the cliff and one has a 30 metres (98 ft) high ceiling. Often blue penguins and fur seals will emerge from the gloom at the far end of the cave.The 199m-long cave is formed in Jurassic sandstone (about 160 million years old) of the Murihiku Terrane, though the cave itself is much younger, ten to hundreds of thousands of years old. They were named by Thomas Hocken who noted how the caves reverberated noise and their resemblance to European cathedrals. The caves are only accessible for an hour either side of low tide. They are managed by Kāi Tahu descendants."
Cawston Ostrich Farm,"Cawston Ostrich Farm, located in South Pasadena, California, United States, was opened in 1896 by Edwin Cawston. It was one of America's first ostrich farms and was located in the Arroyo Seco Valley just three miles (5 km) north of downtown Los Angeles and occupied nine acres."
Chemin de la Mâture,"Located in the French Pyrenees mountains, the Chemin de la Mâture is a 1,200-metre (3,900 ft) path carved into a sheer rock face rising over 200 metres (660 ft) above the river Gave d'Aspe. Completed by the engineer Paul-Marie Leroy in 1772, the Chemin de la Mâture (literally ""The Mast Road"") was originally created to transport timber from the nearby Pacq forest to be used in constructing French naval vessels. The path has since been incorporated into the GR 10, a long-distance footpath running along the Pyrenees from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.
The Chemin de la Mâture overlooks the Fort du Portalet and lies near the village of Etsaut, in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. The area is popular for rock climbing."
Chiranbal,"Chiranbal is a tourist attraction, a meadow and a hiking destination in the Kulgam district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is situated at a distance of 43 km from Aharbal and 75 km from Srinagar.Chiranbal is the largest sub-alpine meadow of Kashmir, provides a landscape where the snowcapped peaks of the Brahma Sakli Mountain overlook a vast area covered with emerald grassland and pine forest with the Zajinar river flowing through it. The meadow consists of twin pastures named Haer (Small) Chiranbal and Bon (Big). Bon Chiranbal placed at the higher glade of the Chinarbal Meadow have large area of grasslands."
"City Market (Raleigh, North Carolina)","City Market in Raleigh is a market located in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. It was founded in October, 1914. It became known as a historic place when Raleigh City Council secured a grant from the North Carolina Division of Archives & History to study the architectural resources surrounding Moore Square, in 1980. It is one of the major tourist attractions in Raleigh. In early May, 2008, the market was the location of an art project unveiling by the Visual Art Exchange. The market hosts a monthly festival, called First Friday, on the first Friday of every month."
Compagnia Italiana Turismo,"CIT, the Compagnia Italiana Turismo, was an Italian travel agency and tourism promotion quango, privatized in 1996.
It was established by royal charter in 1927 as the Fascist tourist promotion agency, in contrast to the Liberal ENIT and the bourgeois Touring Club Italiano. Its first president was Ezio Maria Gray, an enthusiastic Fascist and corporatist.Its goal was to promote Italy as an international tourist destination and to support Italian foreign tourism. To do this, it created a network of travel agencies in Italy and worldwide.  Its founding members were the Ferrovie dello Stato, the Banco di Sicilia, the Banco di Napoli, and ENIT (the Italian national tourist board).
After its 1996 privatization, CIT was never able to establish itself financially, and was liquidated in bankruptcy court in Milan in 2008."
Costa Verde (Portugal),"Costa Verde (English: Green Coast) is a tourist and coastal region of northwest Portugal, delimited by the river mouths of Minho in the north and Douro in the south.The name of the region comes from the dominant colour of the dense vegetation of the land, the green (Verde in Portuguese), supported by abundant precipitation. The climate is classified as Mediterranean (Köppen climate classification: Csb). As a result, its climate shares many characteristics with coastal southwestern Portugal: warm, dry summers and mild rainy winters.
In the coastal area, along with Porto, there are cities and towns with a strong tradition of beach tourism, and in fisheries, most notably Espinho and Póvoa de Varzim, both cities have popular casinos, hotels and golf courses. Other relevant coastal towns, with less urban development, include Esposende, Viana do Castelo, Vila do Conde, and Caminha. Several beaches in these municipalities are worthy of note, such as Moledo, Apúlia, Fão and Vila Praia de Âncora. The Porto area includes Matosinhos, Maia, and Vila Nova de Gaia which are relevant urban destinations.
Inland towns are growing in popularity recently, mostly due to historical importance, namely Braga, Guimarães and, occasionally, also Barcelos and Amarante.
White Vinho Verde, especially those from the grape varieties of Alvarinho, and Alvarinho-Trajadura and sweeter Loureiro, are the typical and popular wines of the region. Inland, Ponte de Lima is notable as a touristic destination and the popularity of its red Vinho Verde, along with the one from Ponte da Barca, which is drunk not in a glass but using a  bowl, made out of potter's clay, known as malga."
Côte d'Améthyste,The Côte d'Améthyste (Catalan: Costa Ametista; lit. 'Amethyst Coast') is a name given to most of the Mediterranean coast of the Occitanie region in France along the Gulf of Lion.
Côte d'Argent,Côte d’Argent (French: [kot d‿aʁ.ʒɑ̃]; lit. 'Silver Coast') is a name given to part of the Atlantic coast of the Aquitaine region in France.
Côte d'Émeraude,The Côte d'Émeraude (Breton: Aod an Emrodez; lit. 'Emerald Coast') is a name given to a part of the English Channel coast of eastern Brittany near the border with Normandy in France.
Côte des Landes,"Côte des Landes or Côte landaise is a touristic name given to a section of the French seashore. It is a section of Côte d'Argent.
All along the French coast, the different parts of the seashore have specific names.
In the southwest of France along the Atlantic Ocean, ""la Côte des Landes"" begins in the north at Arcachon Bay and continues south to the mouth of the river Adour. The area is famous for surfing and beach activities."
"Craigville Beach, Barnstable","Craigville Beach is located on Nantucket Sound. It is located in Craigville  (part of Centerville, Massachusetts) and is a very popular tourist hot spot on Cape Cod.  Unlike many private Cape beaches which offer parking to residents only, Craigville is a public beach area, available to non-residents for a daily parking fee. In the summer, kite surfing is extremely popular.
Craigville beach consists of two separate beaches. The public beach, Craigville Beach and the resident beach, Covell's Beach. 
It is divided by Craigville Beach Association then merges into Covell's Beach."
Croatian National Tourist Board,"The Croatian National Tourist Board (Croatian: Hrvatska turistička zajednica or HTZ) is Croatia's national tourist organization founded with a view to promoting and creating the identity, and to enhance the reputation of, Croatian tourism. The mission also includes the planning and implementation of a common strategy and the conception of its promotion, proposal and the performance of promotional activities of mutual interest for all subjects in tourism in the country and abroad, as well as raising the overall quality of the whole range of tourist services on offer in the Republic of Croatia. Its headquarters is located in Zagreb."
Cruise ship ID card,"A cruise ship ID card is a plastic card the size of a credit card that serves several functions for passengers on a cruise ship. Cruise ship ID cards are scanned at the entrances to the ship and at various points throughout the ship, either via magnetic strip, RFID readers or bar code in order to identify the passenger, allow entry to and exit off the ship, allow entry into certain areas of the ship, including the passenger's cabin, bill purchases to the passenger, and various other functions."
Daio Wasabi Farm,"The Daiō Wasabi Farm (大王わさび農場, Daiō Wasabi Nōjō) is a wasabi farm established in 1915 and located in Azumino, Nagano Prefecture near the center of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It is a popular tourist spot due to its watermills and for the river that runs through it.A restaurant offers wasabi-flavoured ice cream and other wasabi-themed products.Outside Japan, the site is best known for its appearance in Akira Kurosawa's 1990 film Dreams during the film's final chapter, named ""Village of the Watermills"".Daiō is one of Japan's largest wasabi farms — covering 15 hectares."
Darwin oil storage tunnels,"The WWII Oil Storage Tunnels were built during World War II to protect the oil stored in Darwin from Japanese bombing. Located below the cliffs of Darwin City in the Darwin Wharf Precinct on Kitchener Drive, a part of the Waterfront Precinct. By the time the tunnels were completed the risk from bombing had gone and the tunnels never stored oil.
Today tunnel 5 and 6 are open for visitors."
Darwin Waterfront Precinct,"The Darwin Waterfront Precinct is a tourist area in the Northern Territory of Australia in Darwin City.  Restaurants, bars, a wave pool and a man-made beach are available for local community and tourists. It is located five minutes’ walk from the Darwin Central Business District (CBD)."
Day trip,"A day trip is a visit to a tourist destination or visitor attraction from a person's home, hotel, or hostel in the morning, returning to the same lodging in the evening. The day trip is a form of recreational travel and leisure to a location that is close enough to make a round-trip within a day but does not require an overnight stay. The logistics and/or costs of spending nights on the road are worth avoiding. Such travel of using one location as a homebase is popular with budget and active travelers to avoid finding new lodging at each destination. A caregiver may take a day trip from their home to return to their children or pets."
Dayton Hamvention,"The Dayton Hamvention is one of the two largest amateur radio convention (or hamfest) in the world. It is held each May in the Dayton, Ohio area and draws attendees from various parts of the world. Since 2017, it has been held at the Greene County Fairgrounds in Xenia, Ohio near Dayton. Prior to this it was held each May at the Hara Arena in Trotwood, Ohio.
The first Hamvention occurred on March 22, 1952 at the Biltmore Hotel in Dayton (QST March 1952).
Hara Arena had been the home of Dayton Hamvention since 1964.  The Hara Arena announced its closure in 2016 with the 2017 Hamvention being forced to move as a result.
The 2019 Hamvention drew 32,462 paid attendees over its three days, and offered a wide variety of activities for amateur radio enthusiasts, including:

5 parallel tracks of forums, classes, and demonstrations covering all aspects of the hobby.
6 buildings full of commercial exhibit space, where major amateur equipment manufacturers put their newly announced products on display and smaller companies and amateurs themselves opened booths to display their products including homebrew equipment.
A large flea market area drawing buyers and sellers of radio parts, old equipment, accessories, and a wide range of other merchandise.
Amateur radio license exams for newcomers as well as for hams who want to upgrade their current license levels.
Over two dozen food and drink vendors, serving a wide range of breakfast and lunch specialties.
Numerous affiliated events held by local hams after the gates have closed or at close by locations.The 2020 Dayton Hamvention was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the first cancellation in the 68-year history of the event.On January 11, 2021, Hamvention Organizers Dayton Amateur Radio Club (DARA) announced that the 2021 event had also been cancelled, citing delays in widespread availability of vaccines for the COVID-19 virus and the emergence of more communicable forms of the virus."
Democracy Way,"The Democracy Way (Straße der Demokratie) is a 280 km long tourist trail between Freiburg im Breisgau and Frankfurt am Main, made up of sites linked to development of democracy in the area during the revolutions of 1848 in the German states."
Destination management,"A destination management company (DMC) is a professional services company with local knowledge, expertise and resources, working in the design and implementation of events, activities, tours, transportation and program logistics.
There are very few destination management organizations. Management implies control, and rarely does a tourism organisation have control over the destination's resources, such as in the case of the New Zealand government's development of the resort town of Rotorua in the first half of the 20th century. The majority of these entities are regarded as destination marketing organizations.A DMC provides a ground service based on local knowledge of their given destinations. These services can be transportation, hotel accommodation, restaurants, activities, excursions, conference venues, themed events, gala dinners and logistics, meetings, incentive schemes as well as helping with overcoming language barriers. By acting as purchasing consortia, DMCs can provide preferential rates based on the buying power they have with their preferred suppliers."
Destino Argentina,"Based in the city of Buenos Aires, Destino Argentina is one of the most important boards for the tourist promotion of Argentina. Cultural centres, museums, theatres, galleries, shopping malls, vineyards, big luxury hotels and small boutique hotels, lodges, spas, gourmet restaurants, airlines, tour operators, car rental firms, media and consultancy agencies, and many other enterprises belonging to the hospitality industry are members of this non-profit organization created in 2003.As its goal is to promote Argentina in foreign countries as a first-class tourist destination, the organization and coordination of press trips with journalists of international media is the main activity. Japan and Qatar, Spain and Colombia, Australia and China, Germany and Russia are some the countries where the assisted media are based, according to the information provided in the website. Destino Argentina maintains strategic agreements with the National Institute for Touristic Promotion (InProTur), the National Ministry of Tourism, the Tourism Board of the City of Buenos Aires, the Patagonia Tourism Board and many other regional tourism organizations."
Dog Bark Park Inn,"The Dog Bark Park Inn is a hotel located along Highway 95 in Cottonwood, Idaho. The hotel is built in the shape of a beagle, making it a famous landmark in the state. It is colloquially known as ""Sweet Willy"" by local residents. The hotel, which is located in north central Idaho, is a two-bedroom bed and breakfast which also features dog-themed contents."
Domestic tourism,"Domestic tourism is tourism involving residents of one country traveling only within that country. Such a vacation is known as a domestic vacation (British: domestic holiday or holiday at home). For large countries with limited skill in foreign languages, for example Russia, Brazil, Canada, Australia, United States, China and India, domestic tourism plays a very large role in the total tourism sector.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, domestic tourism increased significantly, as countries closed their airports to minimize the spread of COVID-19. Jobs and businesses were lost as a result of the general decline of tourism.In British English this may also be called a staycation, a portmanteau of ""stay"" and ""vacation"", although this is not to be confused the concept of a vacation in which one stays overnight at their own home. The use of the term ""staycation"" to refer to a domestic holiday was popularized in the late 2000s by its use in the British media in their reporting of the increase in such tourism during the Great Recession when the weakness in the pound made travel abroad more expensive."
Durham Fair,"The Durham Fair, held in Durham, Connecticut, is one of the largest agricultural fairs in New England and was first held in 1916. The four-day event takes place during the last full weekend of September. Activities include livestock and competitive exhibits, pulling contests, craft and commercial tents, various forms of entertainment and a carnival midway. The fairgrounds accommodate both permanent buildings for commercial and agricultural exhibits and space for tents and other non-permanent structures to be brought in each year. Past entertainers on the main stage have included Blake Shelton, Pat Benatar, Justin Moore, George Jones, SHeDAISY, Bill Monroe, Loretta Lynn, 38 Special, Charlie Daniels, Phil Vassar, The Guess Who, REO Speedwagon, Foreigner, Blues Traveler, and KC and the Sunshine Band.
The Durham Fair is staffed entirely by volunteers; in fact, it is the second largest fair in North America without paid management or employees. In addition to the members of the Durham Agricultural Fair Association and other volunteers, local organizations such as schools, churches, clubs, civic groups, and more, participate in the fair to help raise funds for their organizations.
There was no fair in 1917–18, 1942–45 & 2020."
EarthCheck,"EarthCheck (previously known as EC3 Global), an international tourism advisory group. It is headquartered in Brisbane, Queensland and was developed by the Sustainable Tourism CRC, a research centre specialising in sustainable tourism and research.
In June 2010, the Sustainable Tourism CRC (STCRC), completed its formal research agreement with the Australian Commonwealth Government. As one of Australia's most successful research centres, it evolved into three International legacy projects. These include Sustainable Tourism Online, the not-for-profit EarthCheck Research Institute (ERI) and the APEC International Centre for Sustainable Tourism. All of these centres for excellence are supported by EarthCheck."
Elegushi Beach,"Elegushi Beach is a private beach located at Lekki, Lagos state, southwest  Nigeria. The beach is owned by the Elegushi royal family in Lekki, Lagos state. Elegushi private beach is seen as one of the best beaches in Lagos and Nigeria at large. The beach entertains close to 40,000 guests every week with Sundays being the best day on the beach. Over half of all guests that are entertained on the beach weekly visit on Sundays. Their gate pass is at 2000 naira flat rate but can be discounted if you have like a group. Their official IG handle can be used to reach them."
Eleko Beach,"Eleko Beach is a private beach in the Lekki Peninsula, about 30 miles east of the Lagos Island in Nigeria. It opened in 1989."
ENIT,"ENIT—Agenzia nazionale del turismo, known in English as The Italian Government Tourist Board, formerly the Ente Nazionale Italiano per il Turismo ('Italian National Agency for Tourism') is the Italian national tourism board. The national Tourist Board is situated in Rome."
Erin-Ijesha Waterfalls,"Erin-Ijesha Waterfalls (also known as Olumirin waterfalls) is located in Erin-Ijesha. It is a tourist attraction located in Oriade local government area, Osun State, Nigeria. The waterfalls were discovered in 1140 AD by one of the daughters of Oduduwa. However, according to The Nation,""Olumirin waterfall was discovered by  hunters in 1140 AD"". Another source has it that the tourist site was discovered by a woman called Akinla, founder of Erin-Ijesha town and a granddaughter of Oduduwa, during the migration of Ife people to Erin- Ijesa. The name Olumirin was given to the tourist attraction by Akinla, which means (oluwa mirin - another god).
The fall features seven levels, on top of which the village Abake is located. Abake village shared boundary with Ẹfọ̀n-Alààyè in Ekiti State.
The Erin-Ijesha Waterfalls is a popular excursion point for schools around the neighbourhood. The natives regard the waterfall as a sacred site and a means of purifying their souls. Festivals were formerly celebrated and sacrifices performed at the site."
Escorted tour,"Escorted tours are a form of tourism in which travelers are escorted in a group to various destinations; they differ from a self-guided tour, when the tourist is not part of an organised group.Escorted tours (in US English) are also known as Guided tours or Package Tours.

Escorted tours are normally conducted by a tour director who takes care of all services from the beginning to end of the tour. Escorted tours normally include accommodation, transport, meals and some sightseeing. Escorted tours are often conducted by motor coach and usually no more than three nights are spent in each location visited. They are usually fast-paced and prices includes almost everything.

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European Route of Cistercian Abbeys,"The European Route of Cistercian Abbeys is one of the Cultural Route of the Council of Europe. Established in 2010, it is a tourist trail marked out in Europe, focusing on the European religious heritage, in particular the monasteries of the Cistercian Order. It is an international trail extending to the following countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.The main objective of the trail is to ""demonstrate the importance and significance of the Cistercian legacy""."
Excursion,"An excursion is a trip by a group of people, usually made for leisure, education, or physical purposes. It is often an adjunct to a longer journey or visit to a place, sometimes for other (typically work-related) purposes.
Public transportation companies issue reduced price excursion tickets to attract business of this type.  Often these tickets are restricted to off-peak days or times for the destination concerned.
Short excursions for education or for observations of natural phenomena are called field trips. One-day educational field studies are often made by classes as extracurricular exercises, e.g. to visit a natural or geographical feature. 
The term is also used for short military movements into foreign territory, without a formal announcement of war.

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Juan Carlos García Granda,Juan Carlos García Granda is a Cuban politician currently serving as the Minister of Tourism of Cuba. He served as first deputy minister under former Minister of Tourism Manuel Marrero Cruz until Cruz's appointment to the office of Prime Minister in December 2019.
Gasthaus,"A Gasthaus (also called Gasthof, Landhaus, or Pension) is a German-style inn or tavern with a bar, a restaurant, banquet facilities and hotel rooms for rent.Gasthäuser are typically found in smaller towns and are often family-owned. It is common for three generations of a family to work together in such an establishment, and many have been owned by the same family for generations.Gasthäuser are common in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and other countries in Europe around Germany. Some are decorated with mural paintings (called Lüftlmalerei) depicting fairy tale stories or local legendary figures."
The Gathering Ireland 2013,"The Gathering Ireland 2013, referred to as The Gathering  was a tourism-led initiative in Ireland. It aimed to mobilise the Irish diaspora to return to Ireland during 2013 to be part of specially organised local gatherings and events during the year. It was a government supported initiative driven primarily by Fáilte Ireland, the National Tourism Development Authority, and Tourism Ireland. The concept relied on grassroots initiatives of private individuals, and non-governmental organisations. The Gathering was not a single event but provided an umbrella framework for varying activities throughout 2013, from family reunions and clan gatherings to sports fixtures. While the initiative was primarily directed at the Irish diaspora, and those with other links to the country, the organisers hoped the experience for the general tourist would also be enhanced.
It began on 1 January 2013 and ended on 31 December 2013."
George Washington Inn,"George Washington Inn is a bed and breakfast inn located between Sequim and Port Angeles on the Olympic Peninsula in the U.S. state of Washington. It was built as a replica of Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington. The inn opened for business on February 16, 2008. Located near the Olympic National Park, the inn is on a ten-acre waterfront estate and lavender farm in the Sequim Valley at the foot of the Olympic Mountains. The Strait of Juan de Fuca stretches northward from the inn's 130 foot (40 m) high bluff to the city of Victoria, British Columbia and the San Juan Islands. The New Dungeness Light, the Discovery Island Light and the Race Rocks Light are all visible from the inn.
A reproduction of The Washington Family by Edward Savage (artist) hangs above the inn's grand staircase.
Also known for its in-house roasted coffee, George Washington Inn has sent packages of its specialty coffee to overseas troops since its beginning. This Port Angeles bed and breakfast inn is a member of the Inns of Excellence, Select Registry, and Diamond Collection and is also listed with several other B&B registries and chambers of commerce.
Along with its lavender farm, known as Washington Lavender Farm, this beautiful estate hosts several summer festivals during the lavender harvest and other public events throughout the year that are open to the public, namely the Washington Lavender Festival, the Northwest Colonial Festival, the Washington Music Festival and the Tour de Lavender. It is also a member of the Sequim Lavender Farmers Association and is a major contributor to agro-tourism in the Sequim Valley. George Washington Inn was registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on August 14, 2007."
Golden Bridge (Vietnam),"The Golden Bridge (Vietnamese: Cầu Vàng) is a 150-metre-long (490 ft) pedestrian bridge in the Bà Nà Hills resort, near Da Nang, Vietnam. It is designed to connect the cable car station with the gardens (avoiding a steep incline) and to provide a scenic overlook and tourist attraction. The bridge loops nearly back around to itself, and has two giant hands, constructed of fibreglass and wire mesh, designed to appear like stone hands that support the structure.
The client for the project was the Sun Group. The bridge was designed by TA Landscape Architecture (under Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture) based in Ho Chi Minh City. The company's founder, Vu Viet Anh, was the project's principal designer, with Trần Quang Hùng as the bridge designer and Nguyen Quang Huu Tuan as the bridge's design manager. Construction began in July 2017 and was completed in April 2018. The bridge opened in June 2018."
Golden Triangle (India),"India's golden triangle is a tourist circuit in India that connects the national capital, New Delhi, Agra and Jaipur. The Golden Triangle is so named because of the triangular shape formed by their locations on a map. The trips usually start in Delhi and move south to the site of the Taj Mahal at Agra (in Uttar Pradesh state), then west, to Jaipur (in the desert landscapes of Rajasthan state). It is normally possible to do the trip by road, train or plane. The Golden Triangle is now a well-traveled route, providing a good spectrum of the country's different landscapes. The circuit is about 720 km by road. Each leg is about 4 to 6 hours of driving. The Shatabdi express train also connects New Delhi with Agra and Jaipur.
One of the most travelled and raved about tourist routes in India is the Golden Triangle, which takes in some of the most spectacular and magical destinations India has to offer. From the historic capital Delhi to Agra, the home of the Taj Mahal, and Rajasthan, one of the most colourful states in India."
Green Key Global,"Green Key Global is an international eco-label which certifies hotels and venues operating in 20 countries. The industry-run group is based in Ottawa and has over 1,800 participating facilities. The system is based on self-reporting, with facilities receiving a certification between one and five keys.The organization collaborates with other leaders in the hospitality sector environmental stewardship, including EcoStay Certified and Greenview, to encourage hoteliers to join forces in meaningful sustainability. The partnership enables property owners and managers to fund important conservation projects, measure their progress, and be a part of a shared environmental legacy of nature and beauty. Through its partnership with Greenview, EcoStay Certified offers an innovative portal system that makes it easy for member hotels to track, measure, and improve their sustainability and social responsibility performance."
Gujarat Tourism,"The Tourism Corporation of Gujarat, operating under the brand of Gujarat Tourism, is a government undertaking formed in 1978 to promote tourism in the Indian state of Gujarat and guide tourists visiting Gujarat."
Haven-1,"Haven-1 is a planned space station in low Earth orbit that is currently in development by American aerospace company Vast. The station is expected to launch no earlier than August 2025 atop a SpaceX Falcon 9. The first mission to Haven-1, Vast-1, is expected to launch a crew of four astronauts on board of a Crew Dragon spacecraft to the space station for thirty days. More launches are expected to occur using Crew Dragon to shuttle astronauts to and from Haven-1 over the course of its lifespan.The station will be unable to sustain itself over a long period of time and will rely on the Crew Dragon for long-term missions by using its life support systems. Using Dragon, the station will be capable of sustaining 4-crew missions with 24/7 communication facilities, up to 1,000 watts of power, up to 150 kg of preloaded cargo mass, and science, research, and in-space manufacturing opportunities for up to 30 days.The crews aboard the station will also conduct experiments in an attempt to mimic the amount of gravity the Moon has."
Holiday village,"A holiday village (abbreviated HV) is a holiday resort where the visitors stay in villas. There is a central area with shops, entertainment, and other amenities. One example is Center Parcs."
Honeymoon suite (hotel),"A honeymoon suite, or a 'romance suite', in a hotel or other places of accommodation denotes a suite with special amenities primarily aimed at couples and newlyweds.
It is a form of niche marketing that likely originated during the 1920s with Niagara Falls providing small huts for couples to stay in near its site as a form of promotion. In The Second Greatest Disappointment: Honeymooning and Tourism at Niagara Falls, author Karen Dubinsky refers to one campground owner in particular who named his cabins ""honeymoon huts"". However, there were no mentions of ""honeymoon suites"" in any advertorial literature at Niagara. According to Dubinsky, such targeted promotions towards honeymooners began only in the 1930 and 1940s, further increasing post the Second World War. In the early 1930s, the Toronto-Niagara and New York City-Niagara railway routes were dubbed as ""Honeymoon Special""."
Honeypot (tourism),"A honeypot site is a location attractive to tourists who, due to their numbers, place pressure on the environment and local people.Honeypots are often used by cities or countries to manage their tourism industry. The use of honeypots can protect fragile land away from major cities while satisfying less discerning tourists. One such example is the construction of local parks to prevent tourists from damaging more valuable ecosystems farther from their main destination. Honeypots have the added benefit of concentrating many income-generating visitors in one place, therefore developing that area, and in turn making the area more appealing to tourists.However, honeypots can suffer from problems of overcrowding, including litter, vandalism, and strain on facilities and transport networks. Honeypots attract tourists because of parking spaces, shopping centres, parks and public toilets. The tourist shops are normally placed all over the shopping centre, which creates pressure on the whole centre to keep the place looking tidy. For example, Stratford-upon-Avon has shops that are aimed mostly at tourists.  On a particular street, there were five shops that were aimed towards the locals and ten shops catering to tourists, reflecting the business opportunity that tourism presents for shopkeepers and other business people in the local economy.

The once sleepy medieval village has attracted an increasing number of visitors over recent years and is a classic example of a tourist 'honeypot' . . . Ste. Enimie is one of these 'designated' places that are designed to attract people to it and therefore reduce the impact on the surrounding area."
Hospitality Review,The International Hospitality Review is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering the hospitality and tourism fields. It is published by the Florida International University School of Hospitality & Tourism Management. The editor-in-chief is Jinlin Zhao.
Hotel consolidator,"A hotel consolidator (also called a hotel broker) is a travel company (travel agency or tour operator) or business that buys up blocks of hotel rooms at a predetermined destination and then resells them as package holidays or at discounted rates to final customers. By reselling at a predetermined discount, consolidators can create a market for discounted hotel deals online and pass savings to their customers. Global hotel consolidators usually offer discounted rooms in major tourist destinations, big cities, or popular resorts, while local consolidators focus only on business and competition within particular geographic areas. 
Hotel consolidation can be separated into two main operations: (1) buying blocks of rooms at volume discounts at predetermined destinations, and (2) distributing “excess rooms” offered by hotels not anticipating full occupancy for given dates.As compared to requesting discounts on an individual basis, hotel consolidators are able to achieve much larger savings due to their buying power. By offering reduced room rates to consolidators, hotels can theoretically yield a greater number of reservations, and thus raise greater profit."
Ibeno Beach,"The Ibeno Beach is one of the beaches on the Atlantic Ocean along the shorelines of Ibeno. It is the longest sand beach in West Africa Qua Iboe River estuary is the major estuary in Ibeno Beach. Ibeno Beach stretches for about 30 kilometres from Ibeno to James Town along the Atlantic coastline of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria. It is the best tourist site in Akwa Ibom State, With its beautiful coastline, Ibeno provides endless natural facilities for tourism, water sporting, beach soccer and general boating."
International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism,"The International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism (AIEST, Association internationale d'experts scientifiques du tourisme ) is an international organisation of scientific and practical experts in tourism. It was founded in 1951. The proceedings of its annual conference have been published in journals including Journal of Travel Research and Anatolia.It published the journal Tourism Review until 2016. The journal is now published by Emerald."
International Journal of Tourism Sciences,"The International Journal of Tourism Sciences is a peer-reviewed academic journal of tourism published triannually by the Tourism Sciences Society of Korea. The journal was established in 2001 and is listed in the Korea Citation Index. The current co-editors-in-chief is Timothy Lee, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. The International Journal of Tourism Sciences is included in Charles Goeldner's Select List of Tourism Journals. and among the List of Scientific Journals in the Encyclopedia of Worldwide Tourism Research."
Justice tourism,"Justice tourism or solidarity tourism is an ethic for travelling that holds as its central goals the creation of economic opportunities for the local community, positive cultural exchange between guest and host through one-on-one interaction, the protection of the environment, and political/historical education.  It also seeks to develop new approaches to and forms of globalization, and may overlap with revolutionary tourism.It has been promoted particularly in Bosnia and Palestine, especially by the Alternative Tourism Group and the Christian initiative in Palestine.Denis Tolkach proposed that justice tourism aligned with the precepts of anarchist philosophy, particularly that of anarchism without adjectives, due to its focus on solidarity and connection with the anti-capitalist and anti-globalization movements."
Khan Klub,"Khan Klub is a boutique hotel in Peshawar, Pakistan. The hotel is housed in a restored Hindu haveli that was built in 1793 by the Howrah family and is owned by Bashir Ahmed Awan. It was opened on November 3, 1995 by Irish-American Martin Jay Davis (known as Ashley), who designed and spent one year renovating the haveli with 76 refugee master artisans from Afghanistan. All fixtures, furniture and artwork were produced by Afghan refugees and Pakistani craftsmen. The haveli was restored by Davis in order to promote cultural understanding in Peshawar of the importance of heritage preservation and the promotion of the arts. Davis spent 13 years in Peshawar (between 1990-2003) promoting and preserving the arts of Afghanistan and Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.There are 8 rooms in the hotel, each named after gemstones mined in Afghanistan and Pakistan: lapis lazuli, spinel, morganite, tourmaline, topaz, peridot, ruby, and garnet. The restaurant is designed on the pattern of a traditional Pashtun hujra with traditional bajotes (small sitting level dining tables), filigreed brass lanterns, garnet floors and handmade carpets. Lapis room has genuine lapis lazuli tiles that were made by the celebrated Afghan jeweler, the late Naib-ud-din. The library and all public rooms are tiled with almandine garnet in marble. Morganite room is tiled in morganite crystals imbedded in marble. The entrance doors to the Khan Klub and guest rooms have original stained glass windows that were produced in Murshidabad (India) in the late 18th Century. The main structure of the hotel, as well as carved jharokas (decorative façades) and jalis (filigreed panels), are also made from wood of giant Himalayan cedar."
Hossein Kohkan,"Hossein Osmani (Kurdish: حوسێن عوسمانی 28 September 1930 in Darvaleh-ye Pain, Kermanshah, Iran - 26 July 2016 in Banevreh, Kermanshah, Iran) also known as Khalo Hossein Kohkan (Kurdish: خاڵۆ حوسێن کۆکەن, romanized: Xalo Husên Koken) (in meaning Digging Mountain or Caveman) or Farhad the Second (Persian: فرهاد ثانی, فرهاد دوم) was an Iranian Kurd who left his village 21 years ago and started carving cliff rocks on a mountain near Banevreh City Of functions Paveh County in the Kermanshah province in Iran. He carved seven rooms in a rocky mountain, as well as his own grave. He was given the title of Farhad II, a fictional figure in the Iranian literature who agreed to carve a mountain after his love-rival, one of the Iranian kings, sends him on exile.

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La Campagne Tropicana Beach Resort,"La Campagne Tropicana is a private 60-acre beach resort in Lekki, Lagos. La Campagne Tropicana Beach Resort combines an African themed hospitality with modern luxury. The beach resort has been patronized by world class dignitaries including ex-presidents, ministers and monarchs. La Campagne is regarded as one of the best beach resorts in Nigeria."
Landmark Leisure Beach,"Landmark Leisure Beach is a beach that is located in Lagos, Lagos State Nigeria. It is at numbers 3 & 4 Water Corporation Road, VI, Lagos. The beach is open to the public every day. It employed paid lifeguards who watch over the beach and have rescued many people from drowning."
Latin American Travel Association,"The Latin American Travel Association (LATA) is a UK travel industry association whose purpose is to promote travel to Latin American destinations.
Its members include airlines, tour operator's and travel agents, as well as tourist boards of various Latin American countries. There are over 200 members in all, ranging from large airlines such as Air France and Iberia to individual hotels.
LATA claims to vet members before they join, but does not actually offer any form of consumer protection (unlike ABTA or ATOL bonding).
Its website includes a member directory and a brief tourist guide to the countries of Latin America."
Long-distance cycling route,"Long-distance cycling routes are designated cycling routes in various countries around the world for bicycle tourism. These routes include anything from longer rail trails, to national cycling route networks like the Dutch LF-routes, the French Veloroute or the routes of the British National Cycle Network, to the multi-state routes of the United States Bicycle Route System, to the multi-country routes of the EuroVelo network in Europe, the longest of which is over 6,800 km (4,200 mi) in length."
"Mahmutpasha Bazaar, Istanbul","Mahmutpasha Bazaar (Turkish: Mahmutpaşa Çarşısı) is a shopping street in Istanbul, Turkey.  It is located in the area between Grand Bazaar and Eminönü in the Mahmutpaşa neighbourhood of Fatih district. This market area, with copious small shops on both sides of the main street, is a symbol of cheap shopping in Istanbul. The bazaar hosts 256 shops."
Maison du Tourisme,"A Maison du Tourisme is usually the municipal French regulatory body of tourism; i.e., Maison du Tourisme de Grenoble."
Mandarbaria Beach,Mandarbaria Beach (Bengali: মান্দারবাড়িয়া সমুদ্র সৈকত) is a beach in Bangladesh in Shyamnagar Upazila of the Satkhira District. The beach is not a popular destination for tourists or locals. It is an 17-kilometre-long (11 mi) beach near the forest in the same name. The banks of the Hariabhanga River can be seen from the beach. The Sundarbans mangrove forest is located at one end of the beach. It is part of Sundarbans.
"Manyo Botanical Garden, Nara","The Manyo Botanical Garden (萬葉植物園, Man'yō Shokubutsuen), also known as the Kasuga Taisha Garden, is a botanical garden located next to the Kasuga Shrine at 160 Kasugano-cho, Nara, Nara, Japan.
The garden opened in 1932, and is a Manyo Botanical Garden containing all plants (over 300 species) mentioned in the Man'yōshū, each labeled with its name and poems that mention it. The site also contains a Wisteria Garden, Camellia Garden, Iris Garden, and a Five Grain Garden which collects grain plants used for food, textiles, or dyes in Man'yōshū times."
Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority,"The Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority (MTPA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Tourism and Leisure of Mauritius established in 1996 by the MTPA Act. The task of the MTPA is to promote the country's tourism industry, provide information to tourists on facilities, infrastructures and services, to initiate action to promote cooperation with other tourism agencies, to conduct research into market trends and market opportunities and disseminate such information and other relevant statistical data on Mauritius."
Memurubu,"Memurubu is a tourist hut in Norway, at the end or start of the famous Besseggen hiking trail. Memurubu is originally an old mountain pasture dating back to 1872, but has had tourists just as long. Cows are still grazing around the tourist hut, which lies at the mouth of the river Muru in the valley Memurudalen.  After a fire destroyed the original lodge in 1998 it was rebuilt.  The new facility has a few family rooms with shower and bathrooms, although most of the 150 bunks are in double or quadruple occupancy rooms.
Memurubu was the fourth cabin in Norway set up by Norwegian Mountain Touring Association (DNT) but is now privately owned, though members of DNT obtain cheaper prices.
The lodge produces its own green power from its hydroelectric generator.
Hiking along the Besseggen trail, one ends at Gjendesheim at the eastern end of the lake Gjende. Hiking westwards along Gjende over Bukkelægret, one ends at Gjendebu at the western end of Gjende. From Memurubu, the mountain Surtningssue is also accessible through the valley Memurudalen"
Microstay,"Microstays are residency periods in a hotel room of less than a full night stay, choosing the check-in time and length of the stay in hours. Although such short stays have not been commonly offered by mainstream hotels in the Western hospitality industry, doing so emerged as a trend in the World Travel Market Global Trends Report 2013. Bookings for less than a full night stay became more popular in Europe as a way to increase revenue by offering greater flexibility. By offering microstays, hotels can take advantage of their available inventory and sometimes sell the same room twice in a day."
Miniatürk,"Miniatürk  is a miniature park at the northeastern shore of Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turkey. It opened May 2, 2003. It is one of the world's largest miniature parks, with a 15,000 m2 (160,000 sq ft) model area and total area of 60,000 square metres (650,000 sq ft). It contains 135 models, in 1:25 scale, of structures from in and around Turkey, and interpretations of historic structures.
Of the park's total area, 40,000 m2 (430,000 sq ft) is open space; 3,500 m2 (38,000 sq ft) is covered; and 2,000 m2 (22,000 sq ft) contain pools and waterways. Its parking lot has a capacity of 300 vehicles.
60 of the park's structures are from Istanbul, 63 are from Anatolia, and 13 are from the Ottoman territories that today lie outside Turkey. Also featured are historic structures like the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and the Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus (now Bodrum). Additional space is reserved for future models."
Minister for Tourism and Heritage,"The post of Minister for Tourism and Heritage was a former junior position in the cabinet of the United Kingdom with responsibilities of handling the tourism industry and the heritage and history of England. The Minister of Tourism and Heritage was located within the portfolio of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
The post was at Parliamentary Under Secretary of State level. The former minister of tourism and heritage was John Penrose.
Since the September 2012 reshuffle the responsibilities were split with heritage going to the Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries and the tourism and licensing responsibilities going to the Minister for Sport and Tourism which is now at the Minister of State level.
In 2017, the powers were transferred to a newly formed position: Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Tourism."
Ministry of Tourism (Syria),The Ministry of Tourism is a department of the government of Syria.
Ministry of Tourism (Zimbabwe),"The Ministry of Tourism and Hospitality Industry was a former government ministry, responsible for tourism in Zimbabwe, from 2017 to 2019."
Momentum Adventure,Momentum Adventure is a company that specializes in adventure holidays. It was founded by Mathew Robertson in 2005.
Nabao Lake,"Nabao Lake (Filipino: Lawa ng Nabao) is a 38-hectare (94-acre) ecotourism site situated in Barangay Santa Rita, adjacent to Barangay San Carlos in the Municipality of Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. 

The lake is situated near Mount Arayat, which is in a nature park. It is composed of several restaurants, food and handicraft stall shops, guest rooms, a zipline, and a hanging bridge in the center of the lake. It used to be an active fishing site."
Nanshan Zhuhai,"Nanshan Zhuhai (Chinese: 南山竹海, or literally the ""South Mountain Bamboo Sea,"" national AAAA tourist area) is an ecological tourist area in the southern mountains of the county level city of Liyang, Jiangsu province, China. This tourist area has been open to the public since 2000 and is in close proximity to Tianmu Lake (天目湖), another ecological tourist area.  Aside from tourism, Nanshan Zhuhai is also known for its ecological sound use of resources, protection of local habitats and ecology, and its picturesque landscape. With about 2300 hectares (35000 mu)  of bamboo, this ""bamboo sea"" serves as its most important feature and attracts a stream of tourists every year.
Tickets cost 90 RMB (about US$15) and admission is free for children who are shorter than 1.2 m and the elderly who are more than 70 years old. The scenic spot opens from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. The area includes Seazan head, JinNiuLing, the ancient GuanDao, and ancient military sites. The site's five functional zones include a lake entertainment district, a recreational area, a historic area, and a longevity culture area and mountaineering recreational area."
National cycling route network,"A national cycling route network is a nationwide network of designated long-distance cycling routes found in various countries around the world for the purposes of bicycle tourism. They are often created and maintained by the government of the country, or at least with the backing or co-operation of the government of the country. Some of the routes in these national networks can be part of international long-distance cycling routes, such as the EuroVelo network of European cycling routes.
Examples of these national networks are the Dutch LF-routes, the routes of the British National Cycle Network, and the USA's United States Bicycle Route System.

Europe
Belgium: RAVeL network in Wallonie && LF-routes in Flanders
Denmark: the 11 Danish National Cycle Routes
Germany: the German Cycling Network consisting of 12 so-called D-Routes
Italy: (a proposed network, BicItalia)
France: (a proposed network, Les Véloroutes et Voies Vertes de France)
The Netherlands: the 26 Dutch National Cycle Routes, the so-called LF-routes
Norway: the 10 routes of the Norwegian National Cycle Routes network
Sweden: The 15 main routes of the Sverigeleden (Sweden Route) and their branch routes
Switzerland: A network of 9 routes, the Swiss National Bike Routes
United Kingdom: the National Cycle Network, of 10 primary routes and scores of secondary routes
North America
United States Bicycle Route System"
Nauset Beach,"Nauset Beach is a public beach on the east coast of outer Cape Cod in Orleans, Massachusetts, which extends south from a point opposite Nauset Bay to the mouth of Chatham Harbor.  It is popular with swimmers, surfers, boogie boarders and fishermen.  It, at times, offers some of the highest waves on Cape Cod. Furthermore, it is an excellent spot to view a sunrise.Facilities include restrooms, showers, snack bar, off-road vehicle trails (permit required), a bike rack and a picnic area.Surfing is permitted in the non-protected beach areas from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. The beach is also available for off-road vehicles with the proper permit. There is striped bass and bluefish fishing.Nauset Beach has seen increases in erosion due to sea level rise and intense winter storms. Its iconic seaside clam shack, Liam's, was demolished after the beach next to the clam shack was destroyed by 20-foot waves during a 2018  storm.Anne McCaffrey's novel The Mark of Merln is set in a home on the imaginary ""Pull-In Point Road"", overlooking Nauset Beach."
Necker Belle,"The Necker Belle is a 105-foot (32 m) private charter catamaran yacht, offered through Virgin Limited Edition and based at the resort Necker Island. The Belle superyacht is one of the few luxury sailing catamarans in the world.Prior to being purchased by Richard Branson's Virgin, the yacht was called Lady Barbaretta, and cost £5.3 million for Branson to obtain. It required a two-year refit to emerge as the Belle, operates with a crew of seven, and is currently captained by Captain Piers Helm. The refit won the 2010 best new refit at the World Superyacht Awards. The yacht has a top speed in excess of 20 knots, being rare in the world as being able to do so.The Necker Nymph excursion submersible also operates from the yacht. It is reputedly the first-of-its-kind ""aero submarine"", buoyant when not under power.

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Necker Nymph,"The Necker Nymph is a submersible vehicle operated by Virgin Aquatic from the 32-metre yacht Necker Belle, which is based at the Virgin Limited Edition resort Necker Island in the British Virgin Islands.The Necker Nymph is the initial example of the DeepFlight Merlin class of positively-buoyant open-cockpit wet subs manufactured by Hawkes Ocean Technologies. It relies on hydrodynamic forces for anti-lift force. It is 4.5 metres long, capable of 360-degree ""hydrobatic"" manoeuvres, can dive up to 40 metres underwater, and seats one pilot and two passengers in an open cockpit (necessitating wearing scuba gear). Occupants have a ""windscreen"" to protect them from the water's slipstream."
Ngwo Pine forest,The Ngwo Pine Forest a pine forest near the center of Enugu. The forest hosts a limestone cave sculpted  with a small waterfall that forms a shallow pool at the bed of the cave. The Ngwo Pine Forest is used as a recreational area to picnic.
Hiroshi Nohara,"Hiroshi Nohara (野原弘司, Nohara Hiroshi) is a Japanese traveler who lived for almost four months in Mexico City's Benito Juarez International Airport. He arrived at the airport on September 2, 2008, and left on December 29, 2008 to live in a Mexico City apartment with a woman identified as Oyuki."
North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program,"The North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program was created by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1935. Since that time over 1600 black and silver markers have been placed along numbered North Carolina highways throughout the state. Each one has a brief description of a fact relevant to state history, and is located near a place related to that fact."
Omenahotelli,"Omena-hotelli (Omena Hotels) is a Finnish low cost hotel chain. It is known for central location, cheap rates and self-service. There is no reception desk or receptionists in the hotels – rooms are booked and paid for on the internet. The customer then receives a passcode which unlocks the front door and the room for the duration of the stay."
Orbital Reef,"Orbital Reef is a planned low Earth orbit (LEO) space station designed by Blue Origin and Sierra Nevada Corporation's Sierra Space for commercial space activities and space tourism uses. Blue Origin has referred to it as a ""mixed-use business park"". The companies released preliminary plans on 25 October 2021. The station is being designed to support 10 persons in 830 m3 of volume. The station is expected to be operational by 2027.On 2 December 2021, NASA announced it had selected Blue Origin as one of three companies to develop designs of space stations and other commercial destinations in space. Blue Origin was awarded $130 million. These Space Act Agreements are the first phase of two with which NASA aims to maintain an uninterrupted U.S. presence in low-Earth orbit by transitioning from the International Space Station to other platforms."
Orphanage tourism,"Orphanage tourism is a type of tourism in which the wealthy of western countries visit orphanages in poorer countries. The practice has been described as commodifying the orphans for the benefit of tour operators and the management of the orphanages, while the tourists are exploited for their money. The children are expected to be ""poor but happy"" and are encouraged to engage in inappropriately intimate encounters with strangers with the risk of abuse."
Osten Transporter Bridge,"Osten Transporter Bridge is an 80-metre (262 ft) long transporter bridge over the Oste River in Osten (Oste), Lower Saxony, Germany. It was built in 1908-9 and was in regular use until 1974 and is now only used as a tourist attraction.
The bridge can transport 6 cars or 100 persons simultaneously."
Outdoor Education Group,"The Outdoor Education Group is a non-profit, independent educational organisation which is one of the largest providers of outdoor education programs for school students in Australia.
The Outdoor Education Group, founded in 1994, provides journey-based adventure programs ranging from 2 to 33 days mainly to private schools in Victoria and New South Wales.
The main goals of the Outdoor Education Group are to enhance personal development, community, and appreciation of the natural world in young people by partnering with existing educational institutions. Depending on partnering school's specific missions, the Outdoor Education Group also seeks to develop students' academic, spiritual, artistic, and sporting domains."
Padri Pass,Padri Top or Padri Pass is a hill station situated 41 kilometres (25 mi) North of Bhaderwah on [interstate link] Bhaderwah–Chamba National Highway. It has 99.7 kilometres (62.0 mi) long meadows and used for adventure sports like snow-skiing in winters and Paragliding in summers. It is the highest Pass on Bhaderwah-Chamba National Highway located between the borders of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.
Palace Bingo and Casino,"The Palace Casino and Hotel is a Casino and Hotel owned and run by the Leech Lake Band Of Ojibwe in Cass Lake, Minnesota."
Parki Beach,Parki Beach (Bengali: পারকি সৈকত) is a sandy beach in Bangladesh. This beach is between a river and delta in Anwara of Chittagong. It is 20-kilometre (12 mi) from the city of Chittagong. This beach is situated near the Karnaphuli River.
Parque de las Leyendas,"Parque de las Leyendas is a zoo in the San Miguel district of Lima, Peru. The zoo contain 215 species of mammals, reptiles and birds, with a total of 2071 animals."
Pathrakadavu Waterfalls,"Pathrakadavu waterfalls is a waterfall situated in the Silent Valley National Park in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. This tourist place is situated in Kuruthichal in Pathrakadavu."
PD AeroSpace,"PD Aerospace (Japanese: ＰＤエアロスペース株式会社, Hepburn: Pī Dī Earosupēsu Kabushiki-gaisha), often abbreviated PDAS, is a Japanese space tourism company based in Nagoya founded in 2007 by Shuji Ogawa. The ""PD"" in the company's name stands for ""pulse detonation"". PDAS is developing a suborbital spaceplane to carry two pilots and six passengers using a hybrid of jet and rocket power. Initial tickets are planned for ¥ 14,000,000 (about $125,000 USD as of April 2017) eventually lowering to ¥400,000 (about $3,600).PDAS plans to develop a hybrid engine that produces jet and rocket thrust, using pulse detonation jet and pulse combustion rocket modes. To reduce the cost of development and keep the vehicle low-cost, PDAS plans to use commercially available hardware, instead of custom-designed parts. H.I.S. and ANA own 10% and 7% of the company, respectively.

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Playa de las Américas,"Playa de las Américas is a purpose-built holiday resort in Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands of Spain. It is located in the southern and southern-west part of the Municipality of Arona, close to the adjoining Municipality of Adeje in the west of Tenerife. It was built in the 1960s a few miles distant from the fishing village of Los Cristianos. Playa de las Americas now (2021) is part of the contiguous touristic construction zone lining Tenerife's entire southwestern coast. The resort area features bars, nightclubs, restaurants, attractions, and beaches, most of which are man-made with imported sand from Africa due to the darkness of the native volcanic sand. 
Playa de las Americas is a centre of nightlife in Tenerife. Nightlife is spread around the resort and includes the Veronicas Strip, Starco Commercial Centre and the Patch."
Rediscover Botswana,"Rediscover Botswana was a domestic tourism campaign that ran in Botswana from July 27 to August 22, 2020. It encompassed an 8,000 kilometre tour across various tourist attractions in Botswana. The event was organised and hosted by media personalities Thalefang Charles and Sonny Serite, and it was sponsored by the Botswana Tourism Organisation with support from several tourism associations. The tour began at the Matsieng Footprints and ended at the Dikgosi monuments in Gaborone. Sites were selected to demonstrate diversity among tourist destinations, including ""national parks, heritage sites, cultural offerings, and other sites"" at various budgets.Rediscover Botswana was carried out in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting decline of international tourism. It was intended to spread awareness of notable places in Botswana and educate citizens about how to best travel domestically. Tourism has been a significant aspect of the Botswana economy prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Rediscover Botswana campaign sought to prevent some of the financial losses associated with the decline in tourism. The campaign was well received and is believed to have contributed to domestic tourist bookings.Charles listed the most significant visits of the tour as the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, the Gcwihaba caves, the Boro and Thamalakane rivers, AfroBotho, the Moremi Game Reserve, and the Makgadikgadi Pan."
Rob Roy Way,"The Rob Roy Way is a Scottish long distance footpath that runs from Drymen in Stirling to Pitlochry in Perth and Kinross. The path was created in 2002, and takes its name from Rob Roy MacGregor, a Scottish folk hero and outlaw of the early 18th century. It traverses countryside that he knew and travelled frequently. The route crosses the Highland Boundary Fault, a geological fault where the Highlands meet the Lowlands. Views from the trail overlook Loch Lubnaig, Loch Earn, Loch Venachar and Loch Tay. The way is 127 kilometres (79 mi) in length if the direct route along the southern shore of Loch Tay and the River Tay is followed between Ardtalnaig and Aberfeldy. An optional loop also links these places via Amulree: choosing this option increases the length by a further 27 kilometres (17 mi) to 154 kilometres (96 mi).The Rob Roy Way was designated as one of Scotland's Great Trails by NatureScot in spring 2012, and also links to two further Great Trails, meeting the Great Trossachs Path near Callander, and the West Highland Way just north of Drymen. The Rob Roy Way also shares sections of route with Route 7 of the National Cycle Network, which also links Drymen and Pitlochry. Shared sections include the minor road on the south side of Loch Tay and the section following the route of the former Callander and Oban Railway, including Glen Ogle viaduct.Besides Drymen and Pitlochry, the way passes through Aberfoyle, Callander, Strathyre, Killin, Amulree and Aberfeldy.About 3,000 people use the path every year, of whom about 450 complete the entire route.

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Royal Palace of the Oba of Benin,"The Royal Palace of the Oba of Benin is notable as the home of the Oba of Benin and other royals.The palace, built by Oba Ewedo (1255–1280), is located at the heart of ancient City of Benin. It was rebuilt by Oba Eweka II (1914–1932) after the original building was destroyed during the 1897 war with the British. The palace was declared a UNESCO Listed Heritage Site in 1999.
The Royal Palace of Oba of Benin is a celebration and preservation of the rich Benin culture. Most of the visitors to the palace are curators, archaeologists or historians."
Russian State University of Tourism and Services Studies,"Russian State University of Tourism and Service (RSUTS) is a public university in Russia and CIS countries which provides higher education in tourism and services studies.
The university is based in Pushkino, Moscow Oblast, near Moscow, and has its own campus in Makhachkala.
Originally a higher school of handicraft cooperation, it was founded in 1952.According to the study in December 2018 by the University of Indonesia in the framework of the international project “World University Ranking”, RSUTS was among the 500 best universities in the world with the most sustainable development. At the end of 2018, the university got into the TOP 50 universities in Russia according to the ranking of Forbes magazine."
San Marcos Outlet Malls,"The San Marcos Outlet Malls are two distinct outlet malls, the Premium Outlets and the Tanger Factory Outlet Center. Each is located off Interstate Highway 35 in 
San Marcos, Texas. The outlet mall first opened in 1977. (Verification needed.) Combined, the two adjacent malls have more than 240 stores, and an excess of 1,000,000 sq ft (93,000 m2). During peak seasons, shoppers at the malls can reach numbers that effectively triple the population of San Marcos. The outlet malls in San Marcos are one of the top tourist attractions in the state. The outlet malls combined are one of the top employers of San Marcos, and are the top employers of students of nearby Texas State University.In 2006, ABC's The View named the San Marcos Outlets the third-best place to shop in the world."
Sanatorium (resort),"In Soviet Union and post-Soviet countries, the term sanatorium is generally used for a combination resort/recreational facility and a medical facility to provide short-term complex rest and medical services.  It is similar to spa resorts but with medical services.
On the other hand, for most residents of the Warsaw Pact countries, sanatorium mostly means a kind of hotel with health resort facilities and various available services (such as massage, pools, saunas, aromatherapy, oxygen therapy, etc.) not covered by medical insurance. It is mostly, without any double connotation, a spa resort where relatively healthy people can rest and recuperate during a regular job vacation. For example, Sanatorium Astória and others located in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, or Geneva Sanatorium Hotel in Ukraine, serve this purpose. Usually in this case a doctor's prescription is not required. However, a general practitioner is available and it is recommended guests check their health status at the beginning and end of their stay.
Sanatoriums first began to achieve prominence in the Soviet Union in the early 1920s, with the introduction of the Labour Code of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which established basic recommendations and standards for workers in Russia (distinct labour codes of the Soviet republics would later be standardized in 1970). This Labour Code guaranteed at least two weeks of annual leave for all workers, recommending that it be spent at a sanatorium for health reasons. By 1990, sanatoriums in the USSR could hold up to 50,000 guests at once. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many sanatoriums fell into disrepair, some becoming refugee camps, but a number of sanatoriums across the former republics still operate. Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan was known for its santoria, some of which have been refurbished."
Sarthal valley,Sarthal valley is a tourist destination in Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) in India. This valley covers snow for six months and is covered with snow clad mountains. This area is connecting Bhaderwah on North and Himachal Pradesh on West. The area is situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Bani.
Scandinavian Tourist Board,"The Scandinavian Tourist Board (STB) is a joint initiative by the national tourist boards of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. STB is responsible for promoting Scandinavia and Scandinavian tourism products in Asia-Pacific with particular emphasis on the major markets of Japan and China."
Secretariat of Tourism (Mexico),"The Mexican Secretary of Tourism (Spanish: Secretaría de Turismo, SECTUR) is the government department in charge of the nation's tourism promotion and development. The Secretary is appointed by the President of the Republic and is  a member of the federal executive cabinet.
The department conducts the development policy for national tourist activity and promotes tourist development zones in conjunction with the states."
Setjetting,"Set-jetting (or taking a location vacation) is the trend of traveling to destinations that were the filming locations of movies.  Examples include touring London in a high-speed boat as in the James Bond films, or visiting the stately homes that are seen in the Jane Austen adaptations. The term is a play on jet-setting, a form of luxury travel in upper-class society.
The term was first coined in the US press in the New York Post by journalist Gretchen Kelly in 2008. An analysis of the use of Geospatial technologies in set jetting was proposed by Thierry Joliveau in The Cartographic Journal. Corporations, convention and tourism boards followed the trend that year, creating their own set-jetting travel maps, like the Elizabeth: The Golden Age movie map published by VisitBritain.In June 2018, Maya Beach, made famous by Danny Boyle's 2000 film The Beach, was closed indefinitely to allow it to recover from the ecological damage of mass tourism. The beach received up to 5,000 tourists and 200 boats a day."
Shivrajpur beach,"Shivrajpur beach, near Shivrajpur village, is located in the Devbhoomi Dwarka district of Gujarat, India. The latitude of Shivrajpur beach is 22.3329°N and the longitude is 68.9537° E. The Shivrajpur village was formed by the Baroda state during the early 19th century. It was awarded the prestigious Blue Flag beach certification in October 2020 by the Denmark based international agency known as the Foundation for Environment Education; which is a Denmark-based voluntary organisation. It is a white sand beach with azure clear water.There are 33 stringent criteria to be met to receive ‘Blue Flag’ certification including seawater quality and conservation and the safety of tourists along with other criteria that need to be consistently met. The beach runs on solar power and is disabled-friendly.The water is shallow and is a suitable beach for swimming. The beach is accessible through air, train and by road. The beach timings are from 8 am to 7 pm, has a nominal entry fee and the best time to visit the beach is from October to April.There is a lighthouse near the beach named Kacchighadh Lighthouse. It is believed that the ruler of Kachchh or katuch, Maharao Deshalji, constructed a small fort with an 11-meter high black masonry unlit beacon. The purpose of the fort was to provide safety and shelter to the Kachchhi vessels. Here, facilities like emergency repairs of boats, ration and drinking water were also provided. A battery-operated flashing light was placed at the top of the cabin in 1977 which was the first light in the region. The earthquake on 26 January 2001, left the lighthouse damaged but it was restored immediately."
Ski Mont Saint-Bruno,"Ski Mont Saint-Bruno is a Canadian alpine ski facility. It is located on the slopes of Mont Saint-Bruno, in the city of Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec. It is located right next to Parc national du Mont-Saint-Bruno, a Quebec provincial park that offers cross-country skiing and snowshoeing. The ski station is located on the South Shore of Montreal, 30 minutes from Downtown Montreal. The ski hill is 175m tall. It is also next to a quarry.The ski station was opened in 1965. As of the 2009–2010 season, the ski station has the largest ski school in Canada, with over 500 instructors, and over 32,000 students a year. The ski hill has 15 runs, and offers evening skiing on lit pistes. It also contains an isolation room to hold criminals. It is considered an ""urban resort"" as opposed to a ""destination resort"".Ski MontJoye is owned by the same company that operates Ski Mont Saint-Bruno."
Genny Smith,"Genny Smith (1922 - March 4, 2018) was a publisher and editor of guidebooks about the Eastern Sierra Nevada and the Owens Valley of California, United States. Her writings about the history, geology and biology of the region had caused her to be dubbed ""the Naturalist Queen of the Eastern Sierra"".Starting in 1958, Smith lobbied against a Trans-Sierra Highway starting at Minaret Summit near Mammoth Lakes, California. Smith and other residents of Mammoth worked with Norman Livermore to convince Governor Ronald Reagan to cancel the road in 1972.She received a B.A. degree from Reed College in 1943. She a resident of Cupertino, California, while spending her summers in Mammoth Lakes, California. She was formerly on the board of directors of the Mono Lake Committee.Smith received the Andrea Lawrence Award from the Mono Lake Committee in 2017, for her guidebook writing and work in preventing the trans-Sierra road."
Society for Accessible Travel & Hospitality,"The Society for Accessible Travel & Hospitality, or SATH, is a New York based non-profit organization founded in 1976 and dedicated to the promotion of accessibility in the travel & tourism industries."
South-East Asian Tourism Organisation,The South-East Asian Tourism Organisation (SEATO) is a working group formed by both government and non-government tourism organizations operating in Southeast Asia. SEATO was formed in late 2009 with the aim of spreading the financial impacts of tourism more widely into the kampongs and villages of the region.
Souvenir spoon,"A souvenir spoon is a decorative spoon used as a memento of a place or to display as a 'trophy' of having been there. The spoons may be made from a number of different materials such as sterling silver, nickel, steel, and in some cases wood. They are often hung on a spoon rack and are typically ornamental, depicting sights, coat of arms, associated characters, etc. The year the spoon was made may be inscribed in the bowl, or on the back. The entire spoon, including the bowl, handle, and finial may be used to convey the theme.
The first souvenir spoons in the United States were made in 1890 by Galt & Bros., Inc. of Washington D.C., featuring the profile of George Washington. Although the George Washington spoon was one of the most popular designs, relatively few made by Galt & Bro. remain in circulation. One year later, a souvenir Salem Witch spoon was made, and sold seven thousand copies. It was created by Daniel Low, a jeweler in Salem, Massachusetts, after he saw souvenir spoons on vacation in Germany. The Witch Spoon is given credit for starting the souvenir spoon hobby in the U.S."
Space Tourism Society,"The Space Tourism Society is a California 501(c)3 non-profit organization founded in 1996 by John Spencer, a former member of the board of directors of the National Space Society, with the goal of promoting space tourism.
Their stated goal, as quoted from their website, is: ""To conduct the research, build public desire, and acquire the financial and political power to make space tourism available to as many people as possible, as soon as possible.""
The STS is based in the US and has chapters in Japan, Norway, Canada, Malaysia, India, Russia, and the United Kingdom. It is an organization member of the Alliance for Space Development."
Stallmästaregården,"Stallmästaregården (or Stallmästargården) is a historic inn adjacent to the park around the Royal Pavilion at Haga in Solna, just north of the city limits of Stockholm, Sweden.  Today, Stallmästaregården is a restaurant with hotel operation."
State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance,"State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance (formerly State General Bureau of Tourism; Korean: 국가관광총국) is a North Korean state agency that organizes tourism in North Korea. Foreign tour operators have to work closely with the bureau; its staff accompanies all tours of foreigners.The bureau was founded on 15 May 1986. It was renamed State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance in January 1990. It is based in the Central District of Pyongyang. Its president is Ryo Sung-chol. State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance has been a member of the World Tourism Organization since September 1987 and the Pacific Asia Travel Association since April 1995.By and large, the North Korean tourism industry is overseen by Room 39, the organization in charge of North Korea's slush funds. Room 39 guides the State General Bureau of Tourism, which in turn ""manages the earnings and maintains surveillance over the tourists, ensuring they are contained within specifically designated areas."""
Tarkwa Bay Beach,"Tarkwa Bay is an artificial sheltered beach located near the Lagos harbour in Nigeria.
Due to its island status, it is only accessible by boat or water taxis. The beach, popular with swimmers and water-sports enthusiasts, also has a welcoming resident community."
Tequila Express,"The Tequila Express is a Mexican regional passenger train service that operates from Guadalajara, Jalisco, to the Sauza Tequila distillery in the municipality of Tequila.  The municipality of Tequila is located approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Guadalajara and 32 kilometres (20 mi) southeast of the town of Tequila, Jalisco.  The train service is so named because it features tequila tastings and transports its passengers through blue agave fields to the distillery  ""La Perseverancia""  in Tequila.The service began operating in 1997. The service is operated by The Cámara de Comercio de Guadalajara (Guadalajara Chamber of Commerce).
The excursion includes live mariachi music, a tour of the distillery and Quinta Sauza, as well as a food buffet on the Quinta premises.The Encuentro Internacional del Mariachi y la Charrería festival is held in Guadalajara."
Therme Manchester,"Therme Manchester is a spa and water park resort under construction in Greater Manchester, England. As of 2023, it is scheduled to open in 2025, and is being built on the former site of the EventCity exhibition centre, adjacent to the Trafford Centre."
Tour boat,"A tour boat is a boat used, and frequently purpose-built or adapted, for boat tours, a type of tourism frequently offered in much visited towns and cities of historic interest, that have canals or a river running through it, or that lie on a coast or a lake."
Tour bus service,"A tour bus service is an escorted tour (sometimes a package holiday) or bus service that takes visitors sightseeing, with routes around tourist attractions.

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Touring club de France,"The Touring club de France (1890-1983) was a French social club devoted to travel, founded by enthusiasts of the velocipede. Its headquarters sat on the Avenue de la Grande Armée in Paris. 

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Tourism in Antalya,"Antalya is one of the Mediterranean's leading tourism destinations, the city being home to an array of famous attractions. It attracts 30% of foreign tourists visiting Turkey.In 2022, Antalya received 13.4 million foreign tourists by air."
Tourism in Benin,"Tourism in Benin is a small industry. In 1996, Benin had approximately 150,000 tourists. By 2014 number rose to 242,000. A small country with a high concentration of tourist attractions, Benin's national parks and culture are among its main tourist attractions. Abomey is one of Benin's main tourist attractions, with palaces that became a World Heritage Site in 1982. The capital city Porto Novo's attractions include its museums and architecture.Cotonou is the only international airport in Benin. There are direct flights to Benin from Belgium, France, and a number of African countries. There are 578 kilometres of railroad in the country, which were developed under a joint effort with the Republic of Niger.Benin's government regards tourism as a method of diversifying its economy, attracting more foreign investment, and decreasing Benin's dependence on its agricultural industry. Although the government has a National Policy of Tourism Development, it has not made a strong effort to improve tourist facilities or to market Benin as a tourist destination.Some of the best wildlife areas in West Africa are found in north Benin, where Pendjari National Park and W National Park are located. The best time to see the Pendjari National Park's wildlife is towards the end of the dry season. The park is accessible to travellers and accommodation is available. W National Park is located in Benin's far north, and stretches across Burkina Faso and Niger. The park has a wealth of wildlife, but is difficult to access from Benin."
Tourism in Chad,"Tourism in Chad is a relatively minor industry. Most travellers are attracted by Chad's hunting capabilities and its Zakouma National Park.
Tourists must have valid passports and visas, as well as evidence of yellow fever immunization. As of 2000, there were roughly 43,000 tourist arrivals in the country. Chad had 677 hotel rooms with 1,250 beds in that year. The US Department of State estimated the average daily cost of staying in N'Djamena to be $239 in 2002, compared to less than $50 in other parts of the country."
Tourism in Eritrea,"Tourism in Eritrea made up 2% of Eritrea's economy up to 1997. After 1998, revenues from tourism fell to one quarter of 1997 levels. In 2006 it made up less than 1% of the country's GDP.

The tourism have seen increased attention later years. For instance, in 2019 Eritrea was listed as in National Geographic travel cool list. Highlited areas was the capital of Asmara, know for its art deco architecture, the Dahlak Islands and the countries wilderness. The World Tourism Organization calculated that the country's international tourism receipts in 2002 were just US$73 million. Sources from 2015 states that main tourist are the Eritrean diaspora. There are also a few curious architects visiting the country. However, the Eritrean airline, Eritrean Airlines, has not been allowed to fly international flights due to security breaches as well as sanctions which has led international visitors to rely on airlines such as Ethiopian Airlines and Turkish Airlines to get to the country.The government has started a twenty-year plan to develop the country's tourist industry. However, the development of tourism is hampered by drought, political totalitarianism, and war."
Tourism in Ivory Coast,"Ivory Coast's tourism industry has developed significantly since the early 1970s. The country had 11,374 beds in 7,786 hotel rooms and a 70% occupancy rate in 1997. In 1998, there were 301,039 arriving tourists, including more than 73,000 from (Germany), France and United Kingdom. Beaches, tourist villages, and photo safaris through wildlife preserves are some of the main attractions.Passports are needed for travel into Ivory Coast. Visas are not required for stays of less than 91 days, though a vaccination certificate for yellow fever is required from all foreign visitors. In 2002, the US Department of State estimated the average cost of staying in Abidjan at $160 per day, compared to Yamoussoukro at $98."
Tourism in Laos,"Tourism in Laos is governed by a ministry-level government agency, the Lao National Tourism Administration (LNTA)."
Tourism in Lesotho,"Tourism in Lesotho is a growing industry in the country.
In 2013, travel and tourism contributed about 5.5% to the GDP of Lesotho, with this proportion expected to increase to 6.1% of GDP by 2024. The sector employed 25,000 people in 2013, 4.6% of total national employment.Residents of South Africa, which completely surrounds Lesotho, make up over 90% of the visitors to the country. Many trips are to visit friends and family.Various outdoor pursuits form the most popular leisure activities for tourists in the country. The mountainous terrain draws tourists for hiking, pony trekking and skiing, as well as the use of four-wheel drive trails. The Afriski ski resort operates during the winter months.
The most used entry-points into Lesotho include Moshoeshoe I International Airport and the land border crossing points of Maseru and Maputsoe.Tourism in the country is overseen by the Ministry of Tourism, Environment & Culture, based in the capital, Maseru."
Tourism in Tehran,"Tehran is one of Iran's leading tourism destinations, and the city is home to an array of famous tourist attractions. In 2016, Tehran received 1.64 million foreign tourists. There are several artistic, historic and scientific museums in Tehran, including the National Museum of Iran, and the Carpet Museum. There is also the Museum of Contemporary Art, which hosts works of artists such as Andy Warhol, Pablo Picasso and Van Gogh.The Iranian Imperial Crown Jewels, are also on display at Tehran's National Jewelry Museum. A number of cultural and trade exhibitions take place in Tehran and many of them are popular events for tourism. Tehran International Book Fair is known to the international publishing world as one of the most important publishing events in Asia. Also, There are many parks and open spaces in the Tehran area. Access to Tehran is provided by Imam Khomeini and Mehrabad airports. Also Tehran offers many forms of public transportation: Tehran Metro, a bus rapid transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways with taxis."
Tourism in the Comoros,The Comoros does not have a strong tourist industry.
Tourism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,"Tourism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is uncommon. Tourists can see wildlife, indigenous cultures, and geological phenomena not found easily or anywhere else in Africa.
In the capital city, Kinshasa, limited tourism opportunities exist. In downtown Kinshasa an ivory market exists where other than the obvious, Congolese art, tribal masks, and other beautiful goods can be procured. Outside Kinshasa is a bonobo preserve called Lola Ya Bonobo. In Kinshasa visits to the Congo River or the city golf course or downtown restaurants can be nice.
Tourists can trek to see the mountain and lowland gorillas in wild, meet pygmies still practising their traditional way of life in the forests, spot bonobos and okapi—two rare species not found anywhere else on earth, and climb to the summits of active volcanoes and see a boiling lava lake in the crater of Mount Nyiragongo. The DRC has experienced frequent unrest in the eastern part of the country.
Private trips are cheaper in the DRC than in neighbouring Rwanda or Uganda."
Tourist gateway,"A tourist gateway (sometimes called a ""Tourism Gateway"" or ""Gateway City"") is a place or settlement through which tourists typically first visit on their way to a tourist attraction or tourism region.
Tourist gateways may not offer significant attractions themselves.  Although the term suggests that they must be passed through en route, a gateway may not be the only way to reach the tourist destination. They may be the last, largest or only settlement en route to the tourist attraction or in a tourism region, the closest in proximity to, or the first encountered within a tourism region. As such, tourist gateways are often associated with a major international or domestic airport, major road, railway station or seaport.Sometimes the terms are used in the context of information, such as websites that tourist visit in order to find out more about attractions and regions.
Tourist gateways, unlike tourist destinations, may have developed a niche in their economy for the role or may have degrees of dependency on the tourist attraction or region for economic development.  As such the focus of their tourism promotion is on their role in the provision of related services, such as transport, accommodation and hospitality.  Sometimes these services can be in direct competition with those offered at the tourist attractions themselves.
Tourist gateways may also be associated with roadside attractions and tourist traps.
Often, tourist gateways are associated with a moniker such as ""Gateway to the ...""; for example, Gateway to the West."
Trade Union International of Workers in Tourism and Hotels,The Trade Union International of Workers in Tourism and Hotels (HOTOUR) is a trade union international affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions
Travel pack,"A travel pack is a specialized type of rucksack developed for adventurers, and popular with backpackers. Much like ordinary rucksacks in appearance, travel packs have the added benefit of being able to zip shoulder straps, hip belts and shoulder harnesses out of sight. Additionally, many travel packs, being internal frame packs, have concealed parallel stays designed to offer added support.

Travel packs offer a good fit due to their extensive use of straps, webbing and frame. Many travel packs have additional loops and straps for sleeping bags and other items.A personal travel pack should consist of a few important things like paper, soap, hair oil, face cream, toothbrush, comb, towel and handkerchief that will help make travel a pleasurable experience. Nowadays, many companies are planning to launch products with special travel cases. For example, the Burst electric toothbrush comes with its own travel case so that you can carry it without any problem."
Turbaza,"A Turbaza (Russian: Турбаза, Ukrainian: Турбаза; also пансионат) is a holiday accommodation, a type of tourist camp or tourist base that arose in the Soviet era and is still common in the post-Soviet countries. Turbazas are commonly leased-out to groups or firms renting the entire facility to provide holiday accommodation for their members or employees.  They are generally rustic, located in rural areas that offer outdoor recreation. Dining, and often sleeping, is accommodated in a large, open, common area."
Up North (book),"Up North is a travel book by Charles Jennings, detailing his excursion from the south to Northern England. Throughout the duration of the book, written in 1992, he conveys a sense of grimness and hopelessness ""up north"" with a certain acerbic wit; he suggests, for instance, that the name Grimsby may be dissected as combining 'grim' and 'by the sea'.
The Mayor of Grimsby at the time commented that Jennings ""should have stayed under his duvet down south."""
Valsesia,"Valsesia (Piedmontese: Valsesia; Walser German: Tseschrutol; Italian: Valle della Sesia) is a group of valleys in the north-east of Piedmont in the Province of Vercelli, Italy; the principal valley is that of the river Sesia.
The major towns located here are Varallo Sesia, Borgosesia and Serravalle Sesia; tourist villages include Alagna Valsesia, Rima San Giuseppe, Carcoforo and Scopello. While the valley mainly belongs to the province of Vercelli three of its comuni, namely Romagnano Sesia, Prato Sesia and Grignasco, are part of the province of Novara."
Visakha Utsav,Visakha Utsav is a tourism event every year conducted by the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation and Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority at Visakhapatnam.
Whitewater recreation in British Columbia,"Whitewater recreation in British Columbia is available in most of the province. Except for north-central and northeast British Columbia, the province is mostly mountainous with many glacial fed rivers draining though steep terrain creating excellent whitewater. Most commercial whitewater operations in British Columbia are rafting outfitters. However the provinces rivers are also well known to be good for whitewater kayaking, whitewater canoeing and river surfing (in select spots) although these activities are often done unguided."
Wild Dunes,"Wild Dunes is an oceanfront resort on Isle of Palms, South Carolina, United States. It is 1,600 acres (6 km2) on the north end of the island and has controlled-access gates."
World's largest weather vane,"According to the Guinness World Records, the world's largest weather vane is located in Jerez, Spain.

According to the explore north website  a challenger for the title of world's largest weather vane is located in Whitehorse, Yukon. The weather vane is a retired Douglas DC-3 atop a swiveling support. Located beside the Whitehorse airport the weather vane is used mainly by pilots to determine wind direction. This weather vane only requires a 5 km/hour wind to rotate.Other claimants to the title are located in:
Westlock, Alberta, Canada: The Canadian Tractor Museum is home to the tallest functioning weather vane at 50 feet.  This weather vane was erected in 2006 with a 1942 Case Model D Tractor atop it after being a volunteer project for 2 years.  

Montague, Michigan, USA: Montague is home to the ""World's Largest Working Weathervane"" which was constructed in part by local manufacturer Whitehall Metal Studios. Originally located on a man-made peninsula that jutted out into the waters at the Northeast end of White Lake, it was moved to the corner of Dowling & Water Streets in Montague. The functioning weathervane is 48 feet tall with an arrow 26 feet long. It is topped by the Ella Ellenwood, a lumbering Schooner that frequented White Lake transporting lumber from Montague to Milwaukee, Wisconsin."
Bizot group,"The Bizot group, sometimes called The International Group of Organizers of Major Exhibitions, and also known as Groupe Bizot (named after Irène Bizot, director of the Réunion des musées nationaux, the origin of this group), is a group, founded in 1992, which periodically brings together the directors of the largest museums in the world, constituting a place for exchanging ideas, recent museum news, and a forum for discussing ideas."
Collection catalog,"In museums, the collection of cultural property or material is normally catalogued in a collection catalog (or collections catalog). Traditionally this was done using a card index, but nowadays it is normally implemented using a computerized database (known as a collection database) and may even be made available online."
Computer Interchange of Museum Information,"The Consortium for Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI) was an initiative for museum IT standards under the auspices of the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI).
The CIMI project was started in 1990 by the US-based Museum Computer Network (MCN) and operated as a committee of MCN. It aimed to develop a standards framework to help museums in exchanging data and providing standard databases. This was published in MCN's Spectra.CIMI's project managers included Cary Karp and John Perkins.

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Con Edison Energy Museum,The Con Edison Energy Museum was a museum located at 145 Irving Place in Manhattan in the Con Edison building. It told the history of the company and displayed a series of exhibits related to Thomas Edison and the early years of electricity including a miniature version of the Pearl Street Station and a potential for the future.The museum is believed to have been established in August 1979.
Encyclopedic museum,"Encyclopedic museums are large, mostly national, institutions that offer visitors an abundance of information on a variety of subjects that tell both local and global stories. The aim of encyclopedic museums is to provide examples of each classification available for a field of knowledge. ""When 3% of the world's population, or nearly 200 million people, living outside the country of their birth, encyclopedic museums play an especially important role in the building of civil society. They encourage curiosity about the world."" James Cuno, President and Director of the Art Institute of Chicago, along with Neil MacGregor, are two of the most outspoken museum professionals who support encyclopedic museums. They state that encyclopedic museums are advantageous for society by exposing museum visitors to a wide variety of cultures, engendering a sense of a shared human history.  Some scholars and archaeologists, however, argue against encyclopedic museums because they remove cultural objects from their original cultural setting, losing their context."
Exhibition mine,"An exhibition mine is a mine that's accessible to the public and contains exhibitions about that particular mine and about the coal industry in general, effectively doubling as a museum."
Farm museum,"A farm museum, or museum farm, is a museum based on a historical farm and its buildings, presenting agricultural history. Often the farm is still a working farm, for demonstration and educational purposes.
See List of open-air and living history museums in the United States for a list of such farms in the U.S., or Open-air museum for farms in other countries."
Folk museum,A folk museum is a museum that deals with folk culture and heritage. Such museums cover local life in rural communities. A folk museum typically displays historical objects that were used as part of the people's everyday lives. Examples of such objects include  clothes and tools. Many folk museums are also open-air museums and some cover rural history.
Gladiators – Heroes of the Colosseum,"Gladiators – Heroes of the Colosseum is an international travelling exhibition from Italy on Roman gladiators. The exhibition portrays the Roman Empire and the gladiator games.The exhibition has so far been exhibited at Aarhus, Denmark, at Ottawa, Canada, and at the Queensland Museum in Brisbane, Australia, and is currently being displayed in Jönköping, Sweden until August 2018, after which it will be held at the Musée de la Romanité in Nîmes, France. So far it has been seen by over 500,000 attendees. For every new exhibition, new segments are added."
Heritage365,"Heritage365 (formerly known as New Heritage) was a professional magazine for the cultural heritage sector, especially museums. The magazine was founded in 2003. It was published by Heritage Development Ltd., based in Milton Keynes, England."
Hospital museum,"A hospital museum is generally a former hospital turned into a museum, often a medical museum."
Imaginarium,"An imaginarium is a place devoted to the imagination. There are various types of imaginaria, centers largely devoted to stimulating and cultivating the imagination, towards scientific, artistic, commercial, recreational, or spiritual ends.

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Instituto Latinoamericano de Museos,"Instituto Latinoamericano de Museos (ILAM), known in English as the Latin American Institute of Museums or the ILAM Foundation is a web portal that provides a wide variety of information relating to museums and parks in countries within Latin America. It was founded in 1997, is based in Costa Rica and the Director is Georgina DeCarli.The organization's role is to improve best practices around cultural heritage within the region and serves more than 7000 organizations within the region who are not otherwise able to priorize that."
Jewish Museum of the American West,"The Jewish Museum of the American West is an online museum sponsored by the Western States Jewish History Association dedicated to telling the stories of the participation of Jews in the development of the American West and why they were so successful. It was established in 2013 by Gladys Sturman and David W. Epstein of the Western States Jewish History Association as a continuation of its journal published from 1968 to 2018.

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UC2 Kraka,"Kraka, or UC2 Kraka was an amateur-built midget submarine completed in 2005, the first diesel–electric amateur sub in Denmark. It was built by Peter Madsen, Claus Nørregaard and several other people. The overall length was 12.6 meters (41 ft), and it displaced 6 tonnes. The propulsion was diesel–electric with a 16 hp diesel engine and an 8 hp electric motor. Kraka can be seen at Denmark's Technical Museum in Elsinore (aka Helsingør).Kraka is named after a woman in Norse mythology known for her intelligence.

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Lapidarium,"A lapidarium is a place where stone (Latin: lapis) monuments and fragments of archaeological interest are exhibited.
They can include stone epigraphs; statues; architectural elements such as columns, cornices, and acroterions; bas reliefs, tombstones; and sarcophagi. 
Such collections are often displayed in the outdoor courtyards of archaeology museums and history museums.
A lapidary museum could either be a lapidarium or – less often – a gem museum (e.g. the Mineral and Lapidary Museum, North Carolina)."
Mobile Phone Museum,"The Mobile Phone Museum is a virtual museum curating mobile phones and a nonprofit organisation aimed at archiving and preserving mobile technology and increasing educational outreach about developments and innovations in the mobile industry. It has been described as the ""world’s most extensive mobile phone museum"".

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Museum attendant,"A museum attendant (or gallery attendant) looks after a gallery in a museum for security reasons, to help museum visitors, and sometimes to help curators in moving objects or changing the gallery displays. The position is sometimes undertaken by volunteers."
Museum International,Museum International is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on the ethics and practices of museums and heritage organizations. It is published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell and ICOM.
Museum Management and Curatorship,"Museum Management and Curatorship (MMC) is an international peer-reviewed, journal aimed at museum professionals, consultants, educators, and researchers. Its content is intended to examine current issues in museum practice. The journal covers aspects such as administration, archives, collections management, communications, conservation, diversity, globalization, governance, interpretation, leadership, management, new technology, professional ethics, public service, purpose/mission, and social responsibility.
The journal was originally published by Butterworth Scientific. Routledge acquired the journal and began publishing it in 2007."
Museum shop,"A museum shop or museum store is a gift shop in a museum. Typical offerings include reproductions of works in the museum, picture postcards, books related to the museum's collections, and various kinds of souvenirs. Art museums often include clothing and decorative objects inspired by or copying artwork. Museum shops are often placed near the entrance or the exit. Temporary special exhibitions often have their own gift shops. Museum shops are often important sources of revenue for museums as public funding diminishes, and museum professionals often consider them as important elements of visitor education.In the United States, museum shops developed after the Second World War. At first, they were often small and not professionally managed. They became important revenue generators in the 1980s.Museum shops have become an important element of visitors' perceptions of museums. Indeed, some studies show that visitors spend more time at the shop, the café, and so on, than with the exhibits.Some writers on museums take an anti-commercialization position and criticize shops as undermining the cultural value of the museum."
Museums Journal,"Museums Journal is an online resource and monthly print magazine published by the Museums Association. Museums Journal is a leading source of news and information for museums, galleries, heritage sites and historic houses. Simon Stephens is the current editor, with Eleanor Mills the deputy editor.  
Museums Journal is free for all individual members of the Museums Association. Non-members can subscribe.
Museums Journal publishes news stories daily, Q&As with museum sector leaders, alongside monthly features, comment, news analysis, reviews, and a section dedicated to museum people.
New museums and exhibitions are peer-reviewed in Museums Journal, and website users can log in to add their own comments. Both UK and international openings are covered by the magazine. A weekly blog is written by the editorial staff.
Practical work and case studies are covered in Museums Journal's sister publication, Museum Practice.
Museums Journal is editorially independent of the Museums Association. It represents the Museums Association's policy priorities and work programmes as well as other views. The editor has final say about what is published."
North American Reciprocal Museum Association,"The North American Reciprocal Museum (NARM) program is an affiliation of arts, historical, and cultural institutions in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, and El Salvador  which offer reciprocal benefits to qualifying members of other participating NARM institutions. As of June 2022, NARM has 1,231 participating institutions.Institutions in the association offer a range of membership benefits to qualified members of participating museums, that typically includes free admission and/or museum shop discounts. Individuals interested in getting these benefits should check with their local museum to see if they participate in the NARM program, and the levels of membership required to qualify.
Museums and other institutions may join NARM if they meet certain requirements for reciprocal offerings to visiting members of other NARM institutions. Institutional membership is not exclusive, in that an organization may also join other similar associations, such as the Museum Alliance Reciprocal Program (MARP), Time Travelers Reciprocal Membership Program, Reciprocal Organization of Associated Museums (ROAM), or Art Museum Reciprocal Network (AMRN). There are also regional alliances such as the Southeastern Reciprocal Membership Program (SERM), Western Museum Reciprocal Program, or Empire State Museums Reciprocal Program. A given institution may choose to participate in none of these associations, or in any combination of them. For example, as of 2021, the Birmingham Museum of Art offers reciprocal benefits through  international and regional programs.Art museums associated with colleges or universities have organized a College and University Art Museums Reciprocal Program (CUAMRP, previously called the Academic Art Museum Reciprocal Membership program).A participating museum may receive benefits that can outweigh a potential reduction in direct admissions fees. Access to reciprocal membership privileges is usually reserved for membership levels higher than a basic membership, and participating museums have found that membership revenues may increase after announcement of a reciprocal program. More visitors can be attracted from out of town, and often they spend money on parking, food, and museum shop purchases far in excess of any waived admission fees. Reciprocal programs may also offer training, conferences, and professional development for museum staff.The NARM website highlights selected member institutions and their offerings, with a focus on special exhibitions. NARM also publishes a quarterly magazine which announces new institutional members, features selected programs including online or virtual offerings, and describes any changes to the association."
Online exhibition,"An online exhibition, also referred to as a virtual exhibition, online gallery, cyber-exhibition, is an exhibition whose venue is cyberspace.

Museums and other organizations create online exhibitions for many reasons.
For example, an online exhibition may: expand on material presented at, or generate interest in, or create a durable online record of, a physical exhibition;  save production costs (insurance, shipping, installation); solve conservation/preservation problems (e.g., handling of fragile or rare objects); reach lots more people: ""Access to information is no longer restricted to those who can afford travel and museum visits, but is available to anyone who has access to a computer with an Internet connection.
Unlike physical exhibitions, online exhibitions are not restricted by time; they are not forced to open and close but may be available 24 hours a day. In the nonprofit world, many museums, libraries, archives, universities, and other cultural organizations create online exhibitions. A database of such exhibitions is Library and Archival Exhibitions on the Web. 
Online exhibition organizers may use techniques such as marquee text, display advertisements, and in-event emails to engage patrons.Various guides have been published to help organizations create effective online exhibitions.The earliest museum with a physical existence to create a programme of substantial online exhibitions with high resolution images of artefacts was the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford, the first of which, The Measurers: a Flemish Image of Mathematics in the Sixteenth Century and an exhibition of early photographs, were published on 21 August 1995.

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Palace museum,"A palace museum refers a number of museums that are housed in former royal palaces. 

In Mainland China
The Palace Museum, housed in the Forbidden City in Beijing.
The Kulangsu Gallery of Foreign Artifacts from the Palace Museum Collection in Kulangsu, Xiamen.
The Shenyang Imperial Palace Museum in Shenyang, Liaoning.
In Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Palace Museum, a public museum exhibiting artefacts of the Beijing's Palace Museum in West Kowloon.
In Taiwan
The National Palace Museum, formerly housed in the Forbidden City, now sits in Taipei and houses part of its former collection.
The Southern Branch of the National Palace Museum in Chiayi.
In other regions
The National Palace Museum of Korea, repository of royal heritage in Seoul, South Korea.
The Topkapı Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey.
The Red Fort Archaeological Museum in Delhi, India, known as Palace Museum during the British rule.
The Malacca Sultanate Palace Museum, an example of a palace that was reconstructed to function as a museum, in Malacca, MalaysiaMany former royal palaces house museums; these include. 

The Palace of Versailles near Paris
The Winter Palace in St Petersburg
The Royal Palace, Luang Prabang
The Royal Palace, Porto-Novo
The Museum of King John III's Palace at Wilanów in Warsaw"
Private museum,"A private museum is a collection, usually on a very limited topic and operated by individual enthusiasts, collectors, clubs or companies."
Kim Sajet,"Kim Sajet is a Nigerian-born art historian, curator, and museum director. She has been the director of the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery since 2013, and is the first woman to serve in that role. During her tenure at the museum, she has worked to increase representation of women and minorities in the Portrait Gallery's collection."
Shanghai Aerospace Enthusiasts Center,"Shanghai Aerospace Enthusiasts Center (Chinese: 上海航宇科普中心) is an aviation history museum in Shanghai, China. It is located at 7900 Humin Road in Shanghai. It has models of aircraft and spacecraft."
Shark tunnel,"A shark tunnel (or aquarium tunnel, acrylic tunnel and exhibit tunnel) is an underwater tunnel that passes through an aquarium, typically with sharks and related aquatic life.
They are usually made of thick acrylic glass.Most aquarium tunnels are cylindrical in shape, though tunnels can be made elliptical (to make them wider and still keep the top of the tunnel closer to the visitors), or even square."
Sports Hall of Fame Suriname,"The Sports Hall of Fame Suriname was until circa 2022 a museum on sports in Paramaribo, Suriname. It was located in the building of the Suriname Olympic Committee, aside the André Kamperveen Stadion.
The museum was opened on 6 November 2016 by government minister Faizal Abdoelgafoer of Sports and Youth. After the ceremony the Surinamese national anthem was sung. The sports encyclopedia of the museum could be explored in the museum as well as at the website.In 2009, the complete photo collection of sports commentator and historian Guno Hoen was acquired. Hoen's collection was the trigger for establishing a museum dedicated to the achievements of the Surinamese sport people.The museum showed memorabilia and documentation of athletes and role models from the history of sport in Suriname. The museum was planned to be expanded in course of time. A sporter that received broad exposure is one of the most successful Surinamese athletes, Letitia Vriesde. She was present at the opening. Another one was Anthony Nesty, a swimming champion and the first Surinamese ever to win a gold medal at Olympic Games."
Visible storage,"Visible storage is a method of maximising public access to museum and art collections that would otherwise be hidden from public view. Many museums and galleries have over 90% of their collections in storage at any one time and the technique has been widely adopted recently by institutions ranging from the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, to London's Victoria & Albert Museum as well as in many smaller collections.
Visible storage cases tend to be densely packed and with less explanatory material than in conventional displays. In addition, they may exceed head height making smaller objects difficult to see. The cases are often located in spaces that were previously unused or unsuitable for conventional display cases. The cases may be curving, cylindrical, packed closely together or positioned down the centre of existing galleries.
Claimants to have originated the idea include the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia in the 1970s and the Strong Museum in Rochester, in 1982. The Metropolitan Museum of Art was one of the first large institutions to use visible storage when it created the Henry R. Luce Center for the Study of American Art in 1988 and the Victoria & Albert Museum has recently adopted the idea in their ceramics galleries."
Wallach Art Gallery,"The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Art Gallery is the principal public visual arts space and art museum of the Columbia University in New York City, New York."
Yunus Rajabiy museum,Yunus Rajabi museum is a museum in Uzbekistan dedicated to the life and work of national artist and composer Yunus Rajabiy. It is situated in Yakkasaray district in Tashkent.
Algerian passport,"The Algerian passport is an international travel document issued to citizens of Algeria, and may also serve as proof of Algerian citizenship. Besides enabling the bearer to travel internationally and serving as indication of Algerian citizenship, the passport facilitates the process of securing assistance from Algerian consular officials abroad. 
The passport costs 6,000 DZD (USD$44) and is valid for 10 years."
Andorran passport,"An Andorran passport (Catalan: passaport andorrà) is an identity document issued to Andorran citizens for international travel.
Although citizens of Andorra are not EU citizens, they can nonetheless use the lanes for EU and EFTA citizens when crossing the external borders of the Schengen Area instead of using the desks for third-country nationals."
Angolan passport,"An Angolan passport is a travel document issued to citizens of Angola to facilitate international travel.  Passports are issued by the Migration and Foreigners Services (Serviços de Migração e Estrangeiros) office in Luanda.  Passports issued by the previous issuing body, the National Directorate of Emigration and Borders of Angola (Dnefa), became invalid on April 19, 2001.As of 1 January 2017, Angolan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 45 countries and territories, ranking the Angolan passport 90th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Cameroonian and Vietnamese passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Antigua and Barbuda passport,Antiguan and Barbudan passports are issued to nationals of Antigua and Barbuda for international travel. The passport is a CARICOM passport as Antigua and Barbuda is a member of the Caribbean Community.
Artsakh passport,"Artsakh passports are issued to Artsakh citizens to travel outside the partially recognized Republic of Artsakh. They are also used as proof of identity within the country. Passports of the Republic of Artsakh are issued based on amendments to the Constitution of Artsakh of 2006.

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Beninese passport,The Beninese passport is issued to citizens of the Benin for international travel.
Botswana passport,"Botswana passports are issued by the Passport Division of the Department of Immigration and Citizenship in the Ministry of Nationality, Immigration And Gender Affairs to citizens of Botswana for international travel.
On 8 March 2010, the Department of Immigration and Citizenship began issuing electronic passports to the general public. The validity of all Botswana non-electronic passports expired on 31 December 2011.
The Botswana passport, which features 48 pages, is written in English and French. The firsts page features a map of Botswana superimposed with wildlife.
As of 2014 the Botswana passport was the 4th most powerful on the African continent, allowing Batswana citizens travel to at least 70 countries visa free, 28 with visa on arrival and 121 requiring a visa. The passport is ranked 58th in the world.

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Burundian passport,The Burundian passport is issued to citizens of Burundi for international travel.
Cameroonian passport,"The Cameroonian passport is issued to citizens of Cameroon for international travel.
As a member of the Central African Monetary Zone, Cameroonian passports are engraved with a CEMAC symbol on the cover page. Holders of Cameroonian passports can travel to other CEMAC countries without any visa.As of 1 January 2017, Cameroonian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 45 countries and territories, ranking the Cameroonian passport 90th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Angolan and Vietnamese passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Cape Verdean passport,The Cape Verdean passport is issued to citizens of Cape Verde for international travel. Cape Verdean citizens can travel to member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) visa-free.
Central African Republic passport,"The Central African passport is issued to citizens of the Central African Republic for international travel.
As of 1 January 2017, Central African Republic citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 46 countries and territories, ranking the Central African Republic passport 89th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Equatorial Guinean passport) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.The data page/information page is printed in French, the official language of the country"
Central America-4 passport,"The Central America-4 passport (also called the Central American passport) is a common-design passport issued by the Central America-4 Border Control Agreement member states (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua). Although the design had been in use by Nicaragua and El Salvador since the mid-1990s, it became the norm for the CA-4 in January 2006. The main features are the navy blue cover with the words ""Centroamérica"" and a map of Central America, with the territory of the issuing country highlighted in gold (in place of the individual nations' coats of arms). Costa Rica, not a C-4 Agreement member, also uses a passport with the inscription ""América Central"", retained from the Federal Republic of Central America and included in its coat of arms."
Chadian passport,"The Chadian passport is issued to citizens of Chad for international travel. The Chadian passport is written in three languages; French, English and Arabic.
As of 1 January 2017, Chadian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 51 countries and territories, ranking the Chadian passport 85th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Bhutanese, Chinese, Malian and Rwandan passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.On 24 September 2017, citizens of Chad who held Chadian passports were banned from entering the United States of America. The reason was that Chadian authorities had run out of passport paper and were unable to submit sample passports to American authorities."
Commonwealth of Dominica passport,"Dominican (Dominica) passports are issued to citizens of Dominica for international travel. The passport is a CARICOM passport as Dominica is a member of the Caribbean Community. The Dominican government began issuing biometric passports to its citizens on 19 July 2021, having spent $13 million upgrading its passport systems to improve national security across its borders."
Comorian passport,"The Comorian passport is issued to citizens of the Union of the Comoros for international travel. As of 1 January 2017, Comorian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 48 countries and territories, ranking the Comorian passport 88th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Algerian, Cambodian, Egyptian, Guinean and Laotian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.The UAE and other countries in the Persian Gulf have a partnership with Comoros in which Comoros Islands passports are given to many stateless people (including dissidents)."
Czechoslovak passport,"The Czechoslovak passport was issued to citizens of Czechoslovakia for international travel. After Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the two countries started issuing their own passports."
Democratic Republic of the Congo passport,"The Democratic Republic of the Congo issues passports to its citizens for international travel.
On 1 January 2010, the Government officially invalidated all passports not of the series OB, even if the expiry date was beyond 1 January 2010.  Because passports not of the series OB were no longer considered valid travel documents from that date onwards, holders were obliged to apply for new DRC passports in order to travel.The passport costs 185 US dollars. It has been reported that the Congolese government receives a share of 65 US dollars, with the remainder going to the Belgian company Semlex and the Emirati company LRPS. The contract with these companies has not been awarded in a public tender, and it has been alleged that both companies have ties to the Congolese President Joseph Kabila.As of 1 January 2017, Democratic Republic of the Congo citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 40 countries and territories, ranking the Democratic Republic of the Congo passport 94th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Djiboutian and North Korean passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Dominican Republic passport,Dominican Republic passports are issued to citizens of the Dominican Republic to travel outside the country.
East German passport,"The East German passport was issued to citizens of the former German Democratic Republic (commonly known as East Germany) for international travel. Since the reunification of Germany in October 1990, all German citizens have been issued German passports."
Ecuadorian passport,"An Ecuadorian passport (Spanish: pasaporte ecuatoriano) is an identity document issued to citizens of Ecuador for the purpose of international travel. It is issued by the Registro Civil, Identificación y Cedulación (Civil Registry) in Ecuador, and the Minister of Foreign Affair Embassies & Consulates abroad. The Ecuadorian passport is a type of Andean passport, allowing for free rights of movement and residence in any of the Andean Community members. The Ecuador passport is normally issued for 10 years and has the benefit of having ""visa-free"" status for Andean Community and Mercosur members nations, and several Centro America nations.They are also given a document called an Andean Card at any Andean airport, with which they can travel freely throughout the territory of the Andean Community.
Since October 2020 in the city of Quito, a new biometric passport has been implemented."
Equatorial Guinean passport,"The Equatorial Guinean passport is issued to citizens of the Equatorial Guinea for international travel.
As of 1 January 2017, Equatorial Guinean citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 46 countries and territories, ranking the Equatorial Guinean passport 89th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Central African Republic passport) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Eritrean passport,"The Eritrean passport is issued to citizens of Eritrea for international travel. Citizens are not issued passports prior to completion of military service. Eritreans living abroad only receive a passport from their consulate if they have paid their taxes to their country (Eritrea and the United States are the two only countries worldwide to use a citizenship-based taxation). The passport validity is 5 years or less. Eritreans wanting to take another citizenship require permission from the Eritrean Government if they do not want to lose Eritrean citizenship.
As of 1 January 2017, Eritrean citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 35 countries and territories, ranking the Eritrean passport 98th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Yemeni passport) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Ethiopian passport,"The Ethiopian passport is a travel document issued to citizens of Ethiopia for international travel. The document is a biometric machine-readable passport with a burgundy cover with the text ""Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"" above the coat of arms, and the text ""passport"" below it in Amharic and English. The passport is valid for 5 years and contains 64 pages."
Gabonese passport,"Gabonese passports are issued to Gabonese citizens to travel outside Gabon.
As of 1 January 2017, Gabonese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 50 countries and territories, ranking the Gabonese passport 86th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Haitian and Malagasy passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Georgian passport,Georgian passports (Georgian: საქართველოს პასპორტი) are issued to citizens of Georgia to facilitate international travel.
Grenadian passport,"The Grenadian passport is a travel document issued to citizens of Grenada, in accordance with the Grenadian Citizenship Act of 1976 (Cap 54) and the Grenada Constitution, for the purpose of facilitating international travel. It allows the bearer to travel to foreign countries and the Commonwealth of Nations, in accordance with visa requirements, and facilitates the process of securing assistance from Grenadian consular officials abroad, if necessary.
A Grenadian passport is a document valid for proof of citizenship. The passport is also a CARICOM passport, as Grenada is a member of the Caribbean Community. There are three types of passport booklets: regular, service, and diplomatic. Despite the placement of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) logo at the top of the document's front cover, Grenadian passports are issued by the Immigration and Passport Department (an extension arm of the Royal Grenada Police Force) and at the diplomatic missions and honorary consulates of Grenada abroad."
Guinean passport,The Guinean passport is issued to citizens of the Guinea for international travel.
Haitian passport,"The Haitian passport is issued to citizens of Haiti for international travel.
To obtain a Haitian passport, one must be a Haitian citizen and furnish proof thereof. As of 2013, people who were born in Haiti but who later changed their nationality may obtain Haitian passports."
Hajj passport,"A Hajj passport was a special passport used only for entry into Saudi Arabia for the purpose of performing hajj (Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and adjacent sites). This passport is no longer used, as Saudi Authorities have required ordinary passports since 2009."
Honduran passport,"Honduran passports are issued to Honduran citizens to travel outside Honduras.
As of January 2019, Honduran citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 137 countries and territories, ranking the Honduran passport 36th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Dominica and El Salvador) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.In 2019, plans were confirmed to gradually begin issuing biometric passports to Honduran citizens beginning in the period between late 2019 and early 2020.Honduras transitioned to a biometric passport in 2022."
Ivorian passport,The Ivorian passport is issued to citizens of Ivory Coast for international travel.
Jamaican passport,"The Jamaican passport is issued to citizens of Jamaica for international travel. The passport is a CARICOM passport as Jamaica is a member of the Caribbean Community.
Passports are issued through the Passport, Immigration and Citizenship Agency (PICA), which was established in 2007 as an ""Executive Agency"" of the Government of Jamaica. PICA processes all Jamaican passport applications through its offices in Kingston including for all applications received by its High Commissions and consulates abroad.
As of May 2023, Jamaican citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 87 countries and territories, ranking the Jamaican passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley visa restrictions index.Jamaica began issuing biometric passports, also known as e-passports, to Jamaican citizens on March 31, 2023."
Jordanian passport,The Jordanian passport (Arabic: جواز السفر الأردني) is issued by the Civil Status and Passport Department (CSPD) to citizens of Jordan for international travel.
Kyrgyzstani passport,The Kyrgyz passport is issued to citizens of Kyrgyzstan for international travel.
Liechtenstein passport,"Liechtenstein passports are issued to nationals of Liechtenstein for the purpose of international travel. Beside serving as proof of Liechtenstein citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Liechtenstein consular officials abroad (or missions of Switzerland in case a Liechtenstein representation is not available).The passport, along with the Liechtenstein identity card allows for the freedom of movement in any of the states of EFTA and the EEA. This is because Liechtenstein is a member state of EFTA, and by virtue of it also being a member of the European Economic Area (EEA) and part of the Schengen Area."
Luxembourg passport,"A Luxembourg passport (French: passeport luxembourgeois; Luxembourgish: lëtzebuergesche Pass; German: luxemburgischer Reisepass) is an international travel document issued to nationals of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, and may also serve as proof of Luxembourgian citizenship. Besides enabling the bearer to travel internationally and serving as indication of Luxembourgian citizenship, the passport facilitates the process of securing assistance from Luxembourg consular officials abroad or other European Union member states in case a Luxembourg consular is absent, if needed.
According to the 2022 Henley Passport Index, citizens of Luxembourg can visit 189 countries without a visa or with a visa granted on arrival. Additionally, the World Tourism Organization also published a report on 15 January 2016 ranking the Luxembourgish passport 1st in the world (tied with British, Danish, Finnish, German, Italian and Singapore passports) in terms of travel freedom, with a mobility index of 160 (out of 215 with no visa weighted by 1, visa on arrival weighted by 0.7, eVisa by 0.5 and traditional visa weighted by 0). Citizens of Luxembourg can live and work in any member state of the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland as a result of the right of freedom of movement granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.Every citizen of Luxembourg is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card allows for freedom of movement in any of the states of the European Economic Area and Switzerland.
Luxembourg biometric passports are valid for five years for bearers aged four and over, and valid for 2 years for children under four."
Malagasy passport,"The Malagasy passport is issued to citizens of Madagascar for international travel.
As of 1 January 2017, Malagasy citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 50 countries and territories, ranking the Malagasy passport 86th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Gabonese and Haitian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Malawian passport,"The Malawian passport is issued to citizens of Malawi for international travel.
As of 1 January 2017, Malawian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 67 countries and territories, ranking the Malawian passport 70th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Belarusian and Lesotho passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Maltese passport,"The Maltese passport (Maltese: passaport Malti) is a passport that is issued to citizens of Malta. Every Maltese citizen is also a Commonwealth citizen and citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card, allows for free rights of movement and residence in all member states of the European Economic Area, as well as Switzerland."
Mauritanian passport,"The Mauritanian passport (Arabic: جواز سفر موريتاني; French: Passeport mauritanien) is an official travel document issued by the Agence Nationale Du Registre Des Populations Et Des Titres Sécurisés (""ANRPTS ""). (English: National Agency for the Registry of Populations and Secure Titles). That grants citizens of Mauritania for international travel in accordance with visa requirements. It serves to provide identification and citizenship verification, allowing holders to travel worldwide and seek entry into other countries."
Mongolian passport,"The Mongolian passport (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Гадаад Паспорт) is a passport issued to Mongolian citizens to enable them to travel outside Mongolia. Mongolian citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 62 countries and territories.
In medieval times, the Mongol Empire issued passports (gerege) to officials and emissaries.  This authorised them to claim facilities for travel throughout the empire using the yam (Örtöö) system of relay stations which provided food and remounts.Nowadays, all Mongolian citizens are required to register and apply for a civil passport (now called a civil ID card, Mongolian: Иргэний үнэмлэх) within 30 days of reaching the age of 16.  This is a form of identity document for these often nomadic people.
Foreign travel passports are issued to citizens of Mongolia for international travel.  New Mongolian passports are issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in Ulaanbaatar or at Mongolian Embassies worldwide."
Moroccan passport,"Moroccan passports are issued to nationals and citizens of Morocco for the purpose of international travel. Besides serving as a proof of Moroccan citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Moroccan consular officials abroad if needed. Since 15 December 2009, a biometric passport was available for all new applicants.
Moroccan citizens can now apply for a passport anytime, anywhere. Launched in tandem with the new enrollment program, a web portal outlining issuance requirements takes applicants through the procedure step by step, from the comfort of their keyboard. Once proof of identity has been gathered, the applicant can fill in an online form to print and submit in person at the prefecture."
Mozambican passport,"The Mozambican passport is issued to citizens of Mozambique for international travel. In 2016, Mozambican passport holders had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 51 countries and territories."
Namibian passport,"Namibian passports are travel documents issued to citizens of Namibia by the Ministry of Home Affairs and Immigration for international travel.
Namibian passports are green, with the national coat of arms emblazoned on the front cover. ""REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA"" is inscribed above the coat of arms and ""PASSPORT"" is inscribed below. The ""Biometric"" logo also appears above ""PASSPORT"". All information in the passport is printed in English with the photo page also translated into French."
Nauruan passport,"The Nauruan passport is an international travel document that is issued to citizens of  Nauru.
As of 1 January 2017, Nauruan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 80 countries and territories, ranking the Nauruan passport 60th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Kuwaiti and Maldivian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Nicaraguan passport,"The Nicaraguan passport is issued to citizens of Nicaragua for international travel. As of 1 January 2017, Nicaraguan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 112 countries and territories, ranking the Nicaraguan passport 46th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Marshallese passport) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.The current Nicaraguan passport has 89 security features, including bidimensional barcodes, holograms, and watermarks, and is reportedly one of the least forgeable documents in the world."
Northern Cypriot passport,"Northern Cypriot passports are issued to citizens of the self-declared state of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) for the purpose of international travel. 
The passport is valid in only a few countries in the world due to the limited international recognition of Northern Cyprus. A Northern Cypriot passport is valid in Anguilla, Pakistan, Tanzania, Turkey, Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. Turkish Cypriots are also issued with Turkish passports.Until 1994 entry to the United Kingdom was easier on an ""unrecognised"" TRNC passport than a Turkish passport. Many Kurds whom some were aligned with the outlawed PKK, and political dissidents paid high prices to obtain TRNC passports which they used to enter the UK visa-free and claim asylum."
Omani passport,The Omani passport (Arabic: جواز السفر العماني) is issued to citizens of Oman for international travel. Omani passports are issued by the Royal Omani Police or at an Omani Embassy overseas. The biometric passport was first issued in 2014. It consists of 48 pages and is valid for up to 10 years.
Papua New Guinean passport,"The Papua New Guinean passport is issued to citizens of Papua New Guinea for international travel.
The passport is issued by the Passport Branch of the Papua New Guinea Immigration & Citizenship Service Authority.According to the Henley Visa Index August 2019 Report, Papua New Guinea citizens can travel to 82 countries with or without a visa at the border. In this way, Papuan citizens are ranked 64th in terms of freedom of travel in the world."
Paraguayan passport,"Paraguayan passports are issued to Paraguayan citizens for travel outside of Paraguay. For traveling to full and associated member states of Mercosur (except for Guyana and Suriname), Paraguayan citizens can also use their civil identity cards (Cédula de Identidad Civil).
Paraguayan passports are valid for travel to all countries, although travel to certain countries may require visas. The Paraguayan passport meets the recommended standards (size, composition, layout, technology) of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) established by Exhibit 9303.2 3 4 5 6.
There are three types of passports and the Paraguayan government has been issuing biometric passports as standard since April 1, 2010.
Paraguayan consular passports can be issued to Paraguayan citizens living abroad. Consular passports are printed at the headquarters of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Asunción and are then delivered to the embassy or consulate concerned. Consular passports are valid for a period of five years and are not renewable."
Peruvian passport,"A Peruvian passport (Spanish: Pasaporte peruano) is a travel document issued to citizens of Peru with the purpose of identification and to travel outside the country. It is issued by the Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones, the Peruvian immigration and naturalization authority, which is part of the Ministry of the Interior. The Peruvian passport has the benefit of ""visa free"" status for member nations of the Andean Community and Mercosur, as well as several Central American nations.
Alternatively, a document called an Andean Migration Card can be used at any Andean airport, with which Peruvian citizens can travel freely throughout the territory of the Andean Community."
Qatari passport,The Qatari passport (Arabic: جواز السفر القطري) is a passport document issued to citizens of Qatar for international travel.
Republic of the Congo passport,"Republic of the Congo passports are issued to Congolese citizens to travel outside the Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
As of 1 January 2017, Republic of the Congo citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 43 countries and territories, ranking the Republic of the Congo passport 92nd in terms of travel freedom (tied with Jordanian and Liberian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Rwandan passport,"The Rwandan passport is issued to Rwandan citizens for international travel. Rwanda started issuing East African Community Biometric Passport also known as E-Passport(With which entry to all east African countries is visa-free) in June 2019 replacing the old ones that will only stay valid until June 2021, The new passports are valid for  five years and ten years.
Rwanda has three categories of passports; Ordinary, service, and diplomatic passports, 
Ordinary e-Passport 
An Ordinary e-passport is issued to any Rwandan who fulfills the necessary requirements to facilitate his/her travels outside the country.
All applications are submitted through IREMBO platform.

The applicant can approach an IREMBO agent, or do it themselves by accessing the IREMBO platform.The applicant will then be notified by the Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration (DGIE), through SMS, to come at DGIE offices for portrait (photo) capture, Both parents must be present.Children below 16 years old are not required to give biometrics.For collection of child passport, birth certificate must be presented.
Ordinary passport of 5 years[Expiring period] cost 75,000RWF, while Ordinary passport of 10 years cost 100,00RWFService E-passport 
The service e-passport is issued to Rwandan nationals or non-nationals (delegates of Rwanda) traveling abroad on official mission.
Applications are submitted through IREMBO platform: 

The applicant can approach IREMBO agent, or do it themselves on the IREMBO platform.The applicant will then be notified by the Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration (DGIE), through SMS, to come at DGIE offices to give their biometrics (the 10 fingerprints and the digital photo).The applicant will then be issued with the e-passport.Requirements

Copy of National IDOne recently taken colored passport size photo with white backgroundA recommendation letter issued by a government institutionPayment  of 15,000RFWDiplomatic e-Passport
The diplomatic e-passport is issued to high ranking officials in the country or to those representing Rwanda abroad and others as may be specified by the ministerial order. 
All applications are submitted through IREMBO platform: 

The applicant can approach IREMBO agent, or do it himself to access the platformThe applicant is notified by the officer of the Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration (DGIE), through SMS, to come at DGIE to give his biometrics (the 10 fingerprints and the digital photo)The day following the biometrics capture, DGIE notifies the applicant to come and pick the passportRequirements

Copy of National IDOne recently taken colored passport size photo with white backgroundA recommendation letter issued by MOFA or Cabinet resolutionsAppointment letterPayment of 50,000RFW
Applications are made through Irembo site. 
Rwandans travel freely  in two(2) neighboring countries [Uganda and Kenya] with only ID.
As of 1 January 2021, Rwandan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 62 countries and territories, ranking the Rwandan passport 76th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Bhutanese, Chadian, Chinese and Malian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Sahrawi passport,"Sahrawi passports are passports issued to citizens of the Sahrawi Republic. They are issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or Interior, and launched by National Centre of Documents Production.Sahrawi passport booklets are valid for travel by Sahrawi citizens to the countries that recognized the Sahrawi Republic, although travel to certain countries and/or for certain purposes may require a visa. They conform with recommended standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). There are more types of passport booklets; as well, SADR issued biometric passports as standard since September 2012."
Saint Kitts and Nevis passport,"The Saint Kitts and Nevis passport is issued to citizens of Saint Kitts and Nevis for international travel. Prior to 1983, Saint Kitts and Nevis, together with Anguilla, was an associated state of the United Kingdom. The passport is a Caricom passport as Saint Kitts and Nevis is a member of the Caribbean Community."
Saint Lucian passport,"Saint Lucian passports are issued to citizens of Saint Lucia for international travel.  As of 19 July 2022, Saint Lucian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access (including eTAs) to 147 countries and territories, ranking the Saint Lucian passport 32nd in the world in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index."
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines passport,"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines passports are issued to citizens of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to travel outside the country. Since April 2005, the new issued passports comply with the CARICOM common passports. At present, they issue Machine readable passports which have a black exterior with gold writing.
As of 1 January 2017, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 127 countries and territories, ranking the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines passport 36th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Macao, Panamanian and Saint Lucian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Sammarinese passport,Sammarinese passports are passports issued to citizens of San Marino for international travel.
Samoan passport,"The Samoan Passport is an international travel document that is issued to Samoan citizens.
As of 1 January 2017, Samoan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 114 countries and territories, ranking the Samoan passport 44th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. Samoa signed a mutual visa waiver agreement with Schengen Area countries on 28 May 2015."
Santomean passport,"The Santomean passport is issued to citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe for international travel. As of 1 January 2018, Santomean citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 58 countries and territories, ranking the Santomean passport 77th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Burkinabe passport) according to the Henley Passport Index."
Seychellois passport,"Seychelles passport are issued to citizens of Seychelles to travel outside the country.
On the front cover of the passport is the Coat of arms of Seychelles. The passport has two languages, French and English.
As of 2 July 2019, Seychellois citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 150 countries and territories, ranking the Seychellois passport 27th in terms of travel freedom, and best ranking African country, according to the Henley Passport Index."
Slovak passport,"The Slovak passport is issued to citizens of Slovakia to enable legal international travel. Every Slovak citizen is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card allows for free rights of movement and residence in any of the states of the European Economic Area and Switzerland.
Every Slovak citizen is entitled to possess two passports of the same kind, if so desired. The second passport is valid for 5 years (instead of the standard 10 years), while the fee remains the same. Passports in Slovakia are issued by the police force."
Slovenian passport,"Slovenian passports (Slovene: slovenski potni list) are issued to citizens of Slovenia to facilitate international travel. Every Slovenian citizen is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card allows for free rights of movement and residence in any of the states of the European Union, European Economic Area and Switzerland, as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.The Slovenian ID card is also valid for travel to other former Yugoslav republics: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia."
Solomon Islands passport,"The Solomon Islands passport is a document issued by  Solomon Islands, a Melanesian state in the south-west Pacific Ocean, to its citizens for the purposes of international travel.
As of 1 January 2017, Solomon Islands citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 116 countries and territories, ranking the Solomon Islands passport 42nd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
South Ossetian passport,"South Ossetian passports are issued to inhabitants of South Ossetia (a disputed territory in the South Caucasus) for the purpose of international travel and for the purpose of legal identification within South Ossetia. They were first issued on August 15, 2006. Since South Ossetia is only recognised by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria, many South Ossetians also have Russian passports, which are more practical for international travel."
South Sudanese passport,The South Sudanese passport is given to citizens of South Sudan for international travel. The Republic of South Sudan started issuing internationally recognised electronic passports in January 2012. The passports were officially launched by President Salva Kiir Mayardit on 3 January 2012 at a ceremony in the capital city of Juba. The new passport will be valid for five years.
Sudanese passport,"The Sudanese passport is issued to citizens of Sudan for international travel.
The Republic of the Sudan started issuing electronic passports to citizens in May 2009. The new electronic passport will be issued in three categories:

The citizen's passport (ordinary passport) will be issued to ordinary citizens and will contain 48 pages. This passport is valid for ten years.
Businessmen and women who need to travel often will be issued a commercial passport that will contain 64 pages. This passport is valid for seven years.
Smaller passports that contain 32 pages only will be issued to children.The microprocessor chip will contain the holder's information. The cost of a new passport for adults will be approximately SDG10000 in 2021.
These new passports are blue in colour and prior to this they were green and did not contain a microchip."
Surinamese passport,"The Surinamese passport (Dutch: Surinaams paspoort) is issued to citizens of Suriname for international travel. The passport is a Caricom passport as Suriname is a member of the Caribbean Community.
As of 1 January 2017, Surinamese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 74 countries and territories, ranking the Surinamese passport 65th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Botswana passport) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Syrian passport,"The Syrian passport (Arabic: جواز السفر السوري) is a travel document issued by Syria's Department of Immigration and Passports to Syrian citizens for international travel. Syrian passports are normally valid for six years; however, for men about to perform military service, they are valid for two years, and they have to get permission from the conscription department for a renewal for another two years.
The passport has a navy blue cover with the Syrian coat of arms. The information on the cover page and the inside is written in three languages: Arabic, English and French. Each page has a unique watermark depicting a famous Syrian monument, castle, or ancient building, these include the Krak des Chevaliers, a Crusader castle in Syria and one of the most important preserved medieval castles in the world, Umayyad Mosque and others.Passport Application Fees differ inside the country and outside:
Outside the country:$800 for urgent passport(7,200,00 SYP).
$300 for normal speed passport(2,700,000 SYP).
Inside the country:1002270 SYP(~$111) for instant passport.
93160 SYP(~$10) for expedited passport.
63160 SYP(~$7) for normal passport.
In April 2015, Syria changed its passport requirements so that Syrians outside Syria, including refugees who have fled the Syrian Civil War, are eligible for passports without an intelligence service review. Passports will be issued to Syrians ""even if they left in an illegal manner or they hold non-official passports or travel documents"", referring to passports issued by Syrian opposition representatives in Qatar. At the same time, fees required for passports were doubled to $800 for a new passports and $300 for a renewal.During the European migrant crisis, fake Syrian passports were found being used by non-Syrians to apply for asylum in Europe."
Tajik passport,"Tajik passports (Tajik: Тоҷик Шиноснома, Toçik Şinosnoma) are issued to citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan to enable them to travel outside the country. It is the international proof of identity of any Tajik citizen."
Tunisian passport,The Tunisian passport is issued to citizens of Tunisia for international travel.
Turkmen passport,A Turkmen passport is issued to the citizens of Turkmenistan for the purposes of  international travel. It is issued by the State Migration Service of Turkmenistan.
Tuvaluan passport,"The Tuvaluan passport is an international travel document that is issued to Tuvaluan citizens subject to Tuvaluan nationality law.
As of 1 July 2019, Tuvaluan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 126 countries and territories, ranking the Tuvaluan passport 44th in terms of travel freedom (tied with the Nicaraguan and Ukrainian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Tuvalu signed a mutual visa waiver agreement with Schengen Area countries on 1 July 2016.All Tuvaluan passports are issued in the name of the Tuvaluan monarch. The first page of a Tuvaluan passport reads:
""The Governor-General of Tuvalu hereby requests and requires in the name of His Majesty King Charles the Third all those whom it may concern to allow the holder of this passport to pass freely, without hindrance or delay, and in case of need to give the holder all lawful aid and protection. The holder of this passport has the right to enter and reside in Tuvalu."""
Uruguayan passport,"A Uruguayan passport (Spanish: pasaporte uruguayo) is an identity document issued to Uruguayan citizens to travel outside Uruguay. For traveling in Mercosur countries, as well as Chile and Bolivia, Uruguayan citizens may use their ID card.[1].  For naturalised legal citizens, the nationality of origin will still apply as Uruguayan nationality law currently doesn't give nationality to naturalised citizens, which may mean a visa is still required when travelling.
The Uruguayan Ministry of the Interior has issued the biometric passport to Uruguayan citizens since 16 October 2015. The new passport complies with the standards set forth by the Visa Waiver Program of the United States. Standard processing time is 20 business days; however, 48-hour urgent processing is available for a higher fee.As of 19 July 2022, Uruguayan nationals had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 153 countries and territories, ranking the Uruguayan passport 28th in terms of travel freedom (tied with the Emirati passport) according to the Henley Passport Index."
Uzbekistan passport,"The Uzbekistan passport, being the property of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is issued to the citizens of Uzbekistan for international travels. An ordinary international passport can be issued to an infant at birth and must be renewed after 2 years, next one for toddlers renewed after 5 years and later every 10 years. The passport could also be changed in case of damage or when the bearer of the passport changed his/her name.
The passport contains 48 pages. Pictures with historical sights of Uzbekistan, watermarks, octagonal pentagram, color-changing paint, moiré effect, metallized security thread, laminated film, as well as an embedded electronic chip is added to the sheets. It is in the Uzbek and English languages.Since 2010 Uzbekistan has been switching gradually to the green color biometric passport system. The old (non-biometric) passports were invalid since the beginning of 2016 internationally, and until 2018 inside the country. From 1 January 2019, onwards the issuance of present burgundy color international passports had been started. Green color biometric passport was valid for travelling internationally until 31 December 2020. Inside the country it is valid until expired as per the passport expiration date."
Zambian passport,"The Zambian passport is issued to citizens of Zambia for international travel.
As of 1 January 2017, Zambian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 63 countries and territories, ranking the Zambian passport 73rd in terms of travel freedom (tied with Cape Verdean and Tunisian passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index."
Zimbabwean passport,"The Zimbabwean passport is issued to citizens of Zimbabwe primarily for international travel. It can also be used for identification in lieu of national registration card or drivers licence. It is the primary proof for citizenship which can be verified through the Registrar General's office in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
On 15 December 2021, the Zimbabwean government launched the new e-passport in order to meet modern international standards."
Across the Nullarbor,Across the Nullarbor is a 1951 book by Ion Idriess. It was based on a trip he took across the Nullarbor Plain.
All the Good Pilgrims,"All the Good Pilgrims is a travel book by Canadian travel writer Robert Ward, published in May 2007 by Thomas Allen Publishers. It relates the author's adventures and encounters on his several journeys along Spain's Camino de Santiago pilgrimage road."
Almas de vagar,"Almas de vagar (Wandering of soul in English), is the second book by the Uruguayan Horacio López Usera, published in 2009."
"America, Their America","America, Their America (1964) is a personal journal and travelogue by Nigerian writer J. P. Clark. It was written after Clark spent eight months in the United States studying at Princeton University (on a fellowship from which he was terminated). The book has been noted for its fusion of autobiography and travelogue into what one critic called an ""autotravography"" in the mould of books written by European and English visitors to the United States, such as Dickens's American Notes.
Today the book is sometimes taught in college courses about West African literature and is cited in discussions about African perspectives on the United States. The book was also republished in 1968 as part of the influential Heinemann African Writers Series."
Among the Believers,"Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey is a book by the Nobel laureate V. S. Naipaul.
Published in 1981, the book describes a six-month journey across the Asian continent after the Iranian Revolution. V.S. Naipaul explores the culture and the explosive situation in countries where Islamic fundamentalism was growing. His travels start with Iran, on to Pakistan, Malaysia and end in Indonesia, with a short stop in Pakistan and Iran on the return to the UK."
Arctic Village (book),"Arctic Village (1933) is a book written by Robert Marshall, an American forester, writer, and wilderness activist (1901-1939), about the Koyukuk River area and the town of Wiseman. He lived there for 15 months starting in 1930 while conducting research on tree growth near the Arctic Divide. Marshall referred to the people of the frontier village as ""...the happiest civilization of which I have knowledge.""

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Are You Carrying Any Gold or Living Relatives?,Are You Carrying Any Gold Or Living Relatives: Through The Soviet Union with Nila is a book by Irene Kampen about her travels in the Soviet Union in the summer of 1969. In the book Kampen visits the Soviet Union with her friend and translator Nila Magidoff.
An Area of Darkness,"An Area of Darkness is a book written by V. S. Naipaul in 1964. It is a travelogue detailing Naipaul's trip through India in the early sixties. It was the first of Naipaul's acclaimed Indian trilogy that includes India: A Wounded Civilization (1977) and India: A Million Mutinies Now (1990). The narration is anecdotal and descriptive.
Widely considered a passionate but pessimistic work, An Area of Darkness conveys the sense of disillusionment which the author experiences on his first visit to India in the sixties, marked with poverty and corruption. The book was banned in India for its ""negative portrayal of India and its people"". The book is also considered Naipaul's reckoning with his ancestral homeland and a sharp chronicle of his travels through India of the sixties encountering distressing poverty in the slums, corrupt government workers in the cities, to the ethereal beauty of the Himalayas, covering a vast canvas of the subcontinent.According to some book reviewers, the title of the book, An Area of Darkness, was not so much a reference to India of the sixties, as to Naipaul's feelings of distress and anxiety encountering poverty and suffering in India.

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Autumn Across America,"Autumn Across America is a 1956 non-fiction book written by Edwin Way Teale. It is the third book of a four-part book series covering various seasons. The journey in the book starts at the fall of equinox and finishes at the winter solstice of 1952. Kirkus Reviews said of the book, ""Those who cherish the memory of North With the Spring will rejoice over this second nature-travel book, capturing autumn in its every phase over the whole breadth of the continent, half the states of the union."""
Bahia de Todos-os-santos (book),"Bahia de Todos-os-santos: guia de ruas e mistérios de Salvador (Bahia of all-saints: a guide to the streets and mysteries of Salvador) is a book by the Brazilian writer, Jorge Amado, first published in Portuguese in 1945. It has not yet been published in English.
The book is a guide to Salvador in Brazil, known in full as São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos. The author describes both poor and rich neighbourhoods and the city's beaches, as well as the customs of the Afro-Brazilian population and their rituals, such as macumba and candomblé, and the worship of Iemanjá.  The book was first published in 1945, but was revised for subsequent editions to reflect the many changes to the urban environment. It is far from being a normal tourist guide, having been described as ""an encyclopedia of what it means to be baiano""  and a “hymn of praise to the city of Bahia”. At the same time, it does not fail to discuss the chronic poverty of the city. Amado in places uses the technique of addressing an imaginary female reader found also in his two biographies, The ABC of Castro Alves and The Knight of Hope, a biography of Luís Carlos Prestes."
The Best American Travel Writing,"The Best American Travel Writing was a yearly anthology of travel literature published in United States magazines.  It was started in 2000 as part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin. Essays were chosen using the same procedure as other titles in the Best American series; the series editor chose about 100 article candidates, from which the guest editor picked 25 or so for publication; the remaining runner-up articles were listed in the appendix. 
Jason Wilson was the series editor from its inception in 2000 to its final edition in 2021."
Between River and Sea,Between River and Sea: Encounters in Israel and Palestine is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by Eland Books in 2015. It was Murphy's final book before her death in 2022.
Beyond the Mexique Bay,"Beyond the Mexique Bay is a book of travel essays by Aldous Huxley, first published in 1934. In it, he describes his experiences traveling through the Caribbean to Guatemala and southern Mexico in 1933. The work is named for a line in Andrew Marvell's poem, ""Bermudas."""
Bicycling the Pacific Coast,"Bicycling the Pacific Coast is a 1984 bicycle touring guide by Vicky Spring and Tom Kirkendall, published by The Mountaineers Books. The book covers a nearly 2,000-mile (3,200 km) route from Vancouver, British Columbia to Tijuana, Mexico, following mostly United States Highway 101 and California State Route 1.
It has been called ""a classic"" and ""the Bible for touring cyclists."" In its Oregon Coast Bike Route guide, Oregon Department of Transportation noted the book as an ""excellent"" guide to its 370-mile (600 km) portion of Spring and Kirkendall's route."
Bill Bryson's African Diary,"Bill Bryson's African Diary is a 2002 book by bestselling travel writer Bill Bryson. The book details a trip Bryson took to Kenya in 2002. Bryson describes his experiences there and observations about Kenyan culture, geography, and politics, as well as his visits to poverty-fighting projects run by CARE International, to which he donated all royalties for the book."
Black Lamb and Grey Falcon,"Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia is a travel book written by Dame Rebecca West, published in 1941 in two volumes by Macmillan in the UK and by The Viking Press in the US.
The book is over 1,100 pages in modern editions and gives an account of Balkan history and ethnography during West's six-week trip to Yugoslavia in 1937. West's objective was ""to show the past side by side with the present it created"". Publication of the book coincided with the Nazi Invasion of Yugoslavia, and West added a foreword highly praising the Yugoslavs for their brave defiance of Germany. The book's epigraph reads: ""To my friends in Yugoslavia, who are now all dead or enslaved"".The character of ""Constantine"" is supposedly based on Stanislav Vinaver. Anica Savić Rebac, under the name of Milica, appears not only as a new friend, but also as the intellectual guide who eventually reveals to Rebecca West the rituals which would lead the author to the title metaphor of her vision of the Balkans."
Black Magic (book),"Black Magic (French: Magie noire) is a 1928 book by the French writer Paul Morand. It focuses on Morand's travels in Sub-Saharan Africa and his encounters with African cultures, which he admires. The book was published in English in 1929, translated by Hamish Miles and with illustrations by Aaron Douglas."
Blue Highways,"Blue Highways is an autobiographical travel book, published in 1982, by William Least Heat-Moon, born William Trogdon."
Brazil (book),Brazil is a 2012 book by Michael Palin published on 11 October 2012. The book accompanies the TV series Brazil with Michael Palin.
Bridgestone Guides,"The Bridgestone Guides are independent guides to Irish food and hospitality sponsored by Bridgestone. Written and edited by John McKenna and his wife Sally, the guides have won André Simon, Glenfiddich and Slow Food awards. Prints include the Bridgestone Irish Food Guide, The Bridgestone 100 Best Restaurants in Ireland 2011 and The Bridgestone 100 Best Places to Stay in Ireland 2010."
Bruckmann's Illustrated Guides,Bruckmann's Illustrated Guides (1892-1916) were European travel guide books published by A. Bruckmann in Munich and Asher & Co. in London. The series also appeared in a German-language edition entitled Bruckmann's Illustrierte Reiseführer.
By the Sun and Stars,"By the Sun and Stars is an editorial documentation of an epic journey around the globe by sailboat.  It was written via a logbook by Capt. Wladek Wagner while he traversed the vast oceans of the world.  The journey took six years, from 1932 to 1939. After his voyage, Mr. Wagner settled on Bellamy Cay. The book was published in 1986 by Cody Publications, Inc. (Kissimmee, Florida).

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Cameroon with Egbert,Cameroon with Egbert is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1990.
The Canadian Rockies Trail Guide,"The Canadian Rockies Trail Guide by Brian Patton and Bart Robinson, describes 225 hiking and backpacking trails in the Canadian Rockies, including in Banff National Park and Jasper National Park. The first edition was published in 1971, with subsequent editions in 1978, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1994, 2000, 2007, 2011, and 2022 (10th edition). The book is published by Summerthought Publishing of Banff, Alberta. Trail updates are supplied by the book's authors on their Canadian Rockies hiking blog.
The Trail Guide is one of the best-selling non-fiction books in Canada, often referred to as a ""bible"" by hikers. Its first seven editions sold more than 230,000 copies.For the first edition, the two authors hiked 108 trails with a custom-built trail odometer, which allowed them to measure trail distances more accurately than the Parks Canada trail signs.For each trail, the book lists:

the length of time normally required to complete the trail
the amount of elevation gain or loss, in metres and feet
the maximum elevation in metres and feet
the topographic map(s) covering the area
how to get to the trailhead including GPS
distances, in kilometres, to notable features along the way
detailed descriptionThe Whyte Museum hosted a retrospective exhibit for the book's fortieth anniversary in 2011."
The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland,The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland from the Twelfth to the Eighteenth Century is a book that was published in 5 volumes from 1887 to 1892 by Scottish architects David MacGibbon and Thomas Ross.The book describes 769 Scottish castles. It includes illustrations and information on the castle's condition.
The City of the Magyar,"The City of the Magyar, originally published in 1840, is a book about Hungary by English writer Julia Pardoe. The first volume of the book is an account of travelling from east to west across the country and records buildings, events, people, landscape, and institutions. The second volume is an inquiry into Hungary's national character, and the third volume is an account of Hungary's folklore, history, and social customs.
Pardoe was the first person to describe many of Hungary's institutions. Much of her book is based on interviews with powerful people in Hungarian society, and the book has no representatives from Hungary's lowest classes."
A Climber's Guide to the Teton Range,"A Climber's Guide to the Teton Range is a mountain guide by Leigh N. Ortenburger and Reynold G. Jackson. The third edition was published in 1996 by The Mountaineers of Seattle, Washington. The book details the approaches and routes to hundreds of climbs in the Teton Range, most of which are in Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming. It is a comprehensive guide to climbing in the region and includes background material including the climate, geology, and climbing history of the Teton Range."
Coming into the Country,"Coming into the Country is a 1976 book by John McPhee about Alaska and McPhee's travels through much of the state with bush pilots, prospectors, and settlers, as well as politicians and businesspeople who each interpret the state in different ways.
One of his most widely read books, Coming into the Country is divided into three sections, ""At the Northern Tree Line: The Encircled River,"" ""In Urban Alaska: What They Were Hunting For,"" and ""In the Bush: Coming into the Country"".
Like all of McPhee's books, Coming into the Country started out as an outline that he proceeded to fill in. It is McPhee's best-selling book.After the publication of Coming into the Country, The New York Times called McPhee ""the most versatile journalist in America""."
Congo Journey,"Congo Journey (1996) is an autobiographical novel by British author Redmond O'Hanlon, following his trip across Congo-Brazzaville (now Republic of the Congo), taking a friend to Lake Tele in search of Mokèlé-mbèmbé, a legendary Congo dinosaur. The novel was republished in 1997 for United States readers as No Mercy: A Journey to the Heart of the Congo."
A Cook's Tour (book),"A Cook's Tour: In Search of the Perfect Meal, sometimes later published as A Cook's Tour: Global Adventures in Extreme Cuisines, is a New York Times bestselling book written by chef and author Anthony Bourdain in 2001. It is Bourdain's account of his world travels – eating exotic local dishes and experiencing life as a native in each country.  The book was simultaneously made into a television series featuring Bourdain for the Food Network."
The Cruise of the Alerte,"In 1889, Edward Frederick Knight sailed to Trindade in a 64-foot yawl named the Alerte.  He wrote the book The Cruise of the Alerte about his journey with detailed descriptions of Trindade.
Arthur Ransome used the descriptions from Knight's book as a basis for Crab Island in his book Peter Duck, except that he set the island further north in the Caribbean Sea."
A Cure for Serpents,"A Cure for Serpents: A Doctor in Africa is a 1955 travel book by Alberto Denti di Pirajno, later the Duke of Pirajno, an Italian doctor, writer and former colonial governor of Tripoli. Set in Libya, Ethiopia and Somalia, the book is a collection of anecdotes about various places he visited in his work as a physician in North Africa in the 1920s and the people he met, which includes tribal chieftains, Berber princes, courtesans and Tuareg tribesmen and of a lioness, which became part pet and part guard. The book was translated into English in the same year by Kathleen Naylor. It was republished by Eland in 2005, with an Afterword by Dervla Murphy."
Daoyi Zhilüe,"Daoyi Zhilüe (simplified Chinese: 岛夷志略; traditional Chinese: 島夷誌略; pinyin: Dǎo Yí Zhì Lüè; Wade–Giles: Tao i  chih lio) or Daoyi Zhi (simplified Chinese: 岛夷志; traditional Chinese: 島夷誌; pinyin: Dǎo Yí Zhì; Wade–Giles: Tao i chih) which may be translated as A Brief Account of Island Barbarians or other similar titles,  is a book written c. 1339 (completed c. 1349) by Yuan Dynasty Chinese traveller Wang Dayuan recounting his travels to over a hundred places in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The book was written in present-day Sri Lanka. It described the weather, products, people, and customs of the places that Wang Dayuan visited.
The timeline for Wang Dayuan's life and travels is:
1311 - born
1330 - sailed for the first time from Quanzhou
1334 - returned to Yuan Dynasty
1337 - sailed for the second time from Quanzhou
1339 - returned to Yuan DynastyContent of the book (known as Dao Yi Zhu) was originally an appendix in a local gazetteer Qing Yuan Xu Zhi ( 清源续志, A Continuation of the History and Topography of Quanzhou) composed by Wu Jian in 1349. According to the Yuan poet Zhang Zhu, Daoyi Zhilüe was re-published in 1350 as an individual travel account.Andaya and Andaya write that Dao Yi Zhi Lue provides more information on areas east of the Malay Peninsula than any other Yuan dynasty source. According to the postscript Wang Dayuan visited all the places described. However, Park notes that 90% of the text is devoted to Southeast Asia and that Wang does not give details of his route and itinerary to West Asia. However, Deng states that Wang Dayuan's account is consistent with later Ming Dynasty accounts of Zheng He's travels. There is currently no full English translation of the book but the Chinese version is available online.  Partial translations however are available."
The Darien Gap,"The Darien Gap: Travels in the Rainforest of Panama is a non-fiction book, written by Canadian writer Martin Mitchinson, first published in August 2008 by Harbour Publishing. In the book, the author chronicles his 18-month expedition traveling the province of the Darién Gap, an area dangerous for human sojourns; a haven for Colombian guerrillas and drug-trafficking. The jungle is dense and teeming with caimans, boa constrictors, and jaguars. Mitchinson sailed into the province aboard his 36-foot ketch. He then moved in with a native family who also served as his guide."
The Dark Heart of Italy,"The Dark Heart of Italy: Travels Through Time and Space Across Italy is a 2003 non-fiction book by British journalist Tobias Jones detailing his four years spent in Italy, along with discussions on the history and politics of the country. The Dark Heart of Italy was a bestseller in Britain, Italy and United States. (""The Dark Heart will ensure Italy remains an object of our fascination"". Sebastian Skeaping, The Observer 2003.) Following its publication, he was short-listed for the Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year award.
An Italian translation by Chicca Galli was published by Rizzoli with the title Il cuore oscuro dell'Italia - Un viaggio tra odio e amore."
Dark Star Safari,"Dark Star Safari (2002) is a written account of a trip taken by author Paul Theroux from Cairo to Cape Town via trains, buses, cars, and armed convoy.  Theroux had lived in Africa as a young and idealistic early member of the Peace Corps and part of the reason for this trip was to assess the impact on Africa of the many years of aid from Western countries.  His assessment is generally critical of the long-term impact of aid programs.
Throughout the duration of the trip Theroux describes the writing of an erotic novella. This novella was eventually published in 2003, amongst a collection of short stories, as ""The Stranger at the Palazzo D'Oro""."
Do Travel Writers Go to Hell?,"Do Travel Writers Go to Hell? is a memoir and gonzo travelogue written by Thomas Kohnstamm and published by Three Rivers Press.
Kohnstamm claimed in an interview (not related to the book) to have written the front section material of a Lonely Planet guide to Colombia without having made a specific research trip for that project.  This led to the publisher carrying out an urgent review of the content which did not reveal any inaccuracies.  In his book, Kohnstamm said he was given only 60 days to cover a 1000 mile stretch of northern Brazil for the 2005 Lonely Planet guide to the country.  Insufficient time and money to do the job led him to compile information from secondary sources which he described as a ""mozaic job.""  He insinuated that this was common practice in the industry.The book was met with a global media coverage prior to its release and positive reviews when it hit the shelves in April 2008.A book review in The New York Times calls ""this rollicking exposé of the travel book industry...the most depraved travel book of the year"".  The book was also criticised by Robert Hauptman who said that the author ""did many distasteful things"", described one incident related in the text as ""nauseating"" and considered his attitude to be cynical. There was some controversy when the book was released."
The Drunken Forest,"First published in 1956, The Drunken Forest is an account of a six-month trip Gerald Durrell made with his wife Jacquie to South America (Argentina and Paraguay) in 1954. The work was published in Latvian in 1980 by the Liesma publishing house together with Darrell's other book ""The Land of Mysterious Noises""."
The Dust Diaries,"The Dust Diaries is a book by Owen Sheers, published in 2004.
In this work, Sheers traces the travels of his great-great-uncle, Arthur Shearly Cripps.  The book was named ""Welsh Book of the Year 2005""."
The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland,"The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland from the Earliest Christian Times to the Seventeenth Century is a book that was published in 3 volumes in 1896-1897 by Scottish architects David MacGibbon and Thomas Ross.The book has the same premise as The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland except with ecclesiastical buildings such as churches, chapels and cathedrals instead of castles."
Eight Feet in the Andes,Eight Feet in the Andes is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1983.
The Emerald Route,"The Emerald Route is a travelogue by R. K. Narayan. It was published by Indian Thought Publications in 1980. It is a pseudo-travel guide for Karnataka, India. The book was commissioned by the Government of Karnataka, and the initial non-commercial version was published in 1977 as part of a government publication. The book is focused on local history, culture and heritage, and does not exhibit much of Narayan's characteristic personal narrative."
Empires of the Indus,"Empires of the Indus: The Story of a River is a non-fiction book by Alice Albinia published in 2008 by John Murray (publishing house). It is a part-memoir part-essay recount of Albinia’s Journey through Central and Southern Asia, following the course of the Indus River from Karachi to Tibet. Throughout the book, Albinia encounters and describes facets of culture and history, and relates them to the existence of the river. The book gives an insight into the communities as well as the history and political framework of the countries through which the Indus flows.  Empires of the Indus was awarded the Jerwood Award by the Royal Society of Literature in 2005.The Indus River is a transboundary river more than 3000km long, originating north of the Himalayas, winding its way through Central and Southern Asia, and flowing into the sea in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. The history of human cultures and civilisations living alongside the river extends to at least 2300 BCE.
Empires of the Indus is based primarily on Albinia’s own journeys along the Indus River in the early 2000s. Albinia uses the journey along the river to frame the relationships between the river, the populations that live alongside it, and the cultures and societal structures that have formed as a result. 
Albinia’s journey begins in Sindh, Pakistan, at the headwater of the Indus, and extends along the river’s course through Pakistan, India and Tibet, with forays into Afghanistan along the way. Due to the fraught political situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan at this time, Albinia pays particular attention to conflict and violence, contemporary and historical, occurring along the Indus.
The content of the book is divided in 12 distinct sections, preceded by a preface. A map of the Indus river is given and several colour photographs. The book also has special sections named glossary, notes, select bibliography and an index. The glossary makes the book more understandable and comprehensible for readers not familiar with certain words and terms used in Pakistan, India and Tibet."
English Journey,"English Journey is an account by J. B. Priestley of his travels in England which was published in 1934.
Commissioned by publisher Victor Gollancz to write a study of contemporary England, Priestley recounts his travels around England in 1933. He shares his observations on the social problems he witnesses, and appeals for democratic socialist change. English Journey was an influential work, inspiring George Orwell's The Road to Wigan Pier, and ""has even been credited with winning the 1945 election for the Labour Party"".In the work, Priestley also expresses a prejudice towards Irish immigrants in England: ""A great many speeches have been made and books written on the subject of what England has done to Ireland... I should be interested to hear a speech and read a book or two on the subject of what Ireland has done to England... if we do have an Irish Republic as our neighbour, and it is found possible to return her exiled citizens, what a grand clearance there will be in all the western ports, from the Clyde to Cardiff, what a fine exit of ignorance and dirt and drunkenness and disease.""In a 1983 book of the same title, Beryl Bainbridge retraces Priestley's steps to capture the changes that half a century has brought to their shared native land."
Faces of Sunset Boulevard,"Faces of Sunset Boulevard: A Portrait of Los Angeles is a 2008 photography and coffee table book by Patrick Ecclesine that won Top Photo Book of 2008 by Shutterbug magazine. PopMatters literary critic Rodger Jacobs stated Patrick Ecclesine's ""Faces of Sunset Boulevard is, without a doubt, one of the strongest statements about man's dark fate in the West ever committed to paper in the author and photographer's chosen form... as compelling as any novel.""Faces of Sunset Boulevard tied for first place with Annie Leibovitz's book “At Work” to win the 2009 SCIBA Art and Architecture Book Award."
The Far Islands and Other Cold Places,"The Far Islands and Other Cold Places (ISBN 1-880654-11-3) is a collection of travel essays from Norway, Scotland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Canada and Alaska.  It was written in the period between 1888 and 1919 by the painter Elizabeth Taylor. It was republished in 1997 by Pogo Press."
A Fête Worse Than Death,"A Fête Worse Than Death: A Journey through an English Summer (ISBN 0-7553-1191-4) is a travel book by Iain Aitch. It was written in the summer of 2002 when the author took a trip around England to see what made the English act so strangely in the summer.
The book was initially published by Review in 2003 and then in paperback in 2004."
Following the Equator,"Following the Equator (sometimes titled More Tramps Abroad) is a non-fiction social commentary in the form of a travelogue published by Mark Twain in 1897.
Twain was practically bankrupt in 1894 due to investing heavily into the failed Paige Compositor. In an attempt to extricate himself from debt of $100,000 (equivalent of about $2,975,000 in 2020) he undertook a tour of the British Empire in 1895 at age 60, a route chosen to provide numerous opportunities for lectures in English.
The first edition of this book was illustrated by Dan Beard, A.B. Frost, B.W. Clinedinst, Frederick Dielman, Peter Newell, F.M senior, C.H. Warren, A.G. Reinhart, F. Berkeley Smith, and C. Allan Gilbert, many of whom had previously worked with Twain. In England the book was published under the title More Tramps Abroad.
American songwriter Jimmy Buffett mentions the book in his songs “Take Another Road” and “That’s What Living Is To Me”."
"From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel","From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel is a book containing Rudyard Kipling's articles about his 1889 travels from India to Burma, China, Japan, and the United States en route to England.This collection is usually called Letters of Travel 1892-1913 in the 21st century."
From the Holy Mountain,From the Holy Mountain is a 1997 historical travel book by William Dalrymple that deals with the affairs of the Eastern Christians.
Fugitives and Refugees,"Fugitives and Refugees: A Walk in Portland, Oregon is a travelogue by novelist Chuck Palahniuk.The book alternates between autobiographical chapters, and lists of the author's favorite activities in his home city of Portland, Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
Palahniuk guides the reader to eviction court for evocative storytelling, a massive Goodwill charity sale for purchasing clothes by the pound, and to clubs and sexual fetish organizations.

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Getting Stoned with Savages,Getting Stoned with Savages: A Trip Through the Islands of Fiji and Vanuatu is a 2007 non-fiction travelog by J. Maarten Troost.
Ghost Train to the Eastern Star,"Ghost Train to the Eastern Star is a 2008 train travel book by Paul Theroux. In this book, he retraces some of the trip described in The Great Railway Bazaar.  He travels from London, through Europe on the Orient Express and then through Turkey, Turkmenistan, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Japan before making his way home on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
He realizes that what has really changed compared to his first trip is himself and not just the countries.  Theroux was 33 years old at the time of the first book, and twice that age for the second trip.  In his trip Theroux encounters beauty and kindness but also various troubling and dysfunctional countries, plagued by poverty, over-crowding, dictators and government control and oppression.  This book is similar in concept to Dark Star Safari, his account of returning to see how Africa had changed, in the long interval since his time of living and working there while an early member of the Peace Corps.   
Theroux's travel coincides with the early part of the American invasion of Iraq. A previous book, The Happy Isles of Oceania, coincided with the First Gulf War. Theroux includes his experiences with people and their reaction to these wars in his work."
The Global Desi,"The Global Desi: Reflections on Home and Away is a book by Indian author and culturist Sundeep Bhutoria. It was published by Pan Macmillan in 2021. The book covers the author's travel memories, and describes his experiences of Indian food in the cities he visited, following the author's encounters with the people of various countries — from Norway to Chile, and from Brazil to Rome. Originally published as columns in various newspapers, the contents of the book are divided into three topics — food & travel, literature and social issues."
Going South (book),"Going South is a 2021 memoir and photo-book by New Zealand singer-songwriter Lorde. The book documents her experience visiting the continent of Antarctica for a week in January 2019, with accompanying photos taken by New Zealand photographer Harriet Were.
All proceeds from the book were used to fund a postgraduate scholarship created by Antarctica New Zealand, a government agency.

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Going to Extremes (book),"Going to Extremes is a non-fiction book by Joe McGinniss. It was first published in 1980. The book is about McGinniss' travels through Alaska for a year. The book became a bestseller.The Los Angeles Times called it a ""vivid memoir.""McGinniss returned to the subject of Alaska in 2009 to write a biography about former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, The Rogue: Searching for the Real Sarah Palin."
The Great Railway Bazaar,"The Great Railway Bazaar: By Train Through Asia is a travelogue by American novelist Paul Theroux, first published in 1975. It recounts Theroux's four-month journey by train in 1973 from London through Europe, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and his return via the Trans-Siberian Railway. The first part of the route, to India, followed what was then known as the hippie trail.  It is widely regarded as a classic in the genre of travel writing.  It sold 1.5 million copies upon release.In the book, Theroux explored themes such as colonialism, American imperialism, poverty, and ignorance. These were embedded in his accounts of sights and sounds he experienced as well as his conversation with other people such as his fellow travelers. It included elements of fiction such as descriptions of places, situations, and people, reflecting the author's own thoughts and outlook. Contemporaneous reviews noted how his background allowed him the breadth of insights to authoritatively describe people even when there are instances when he committed ethnic generalizations. Prior to the publication of The Great Railway Bazaar, Theroux lived in Africa, Singapore, and England.

In a 2013 article, Theroux outlined several inspirations that led him to embark on his journey and publish his experiences. These include his fascination for trains, which offered what he described as an opportunity to break monotony as well as a respite from work. He wrote:I could think clearly on the London trains and when, on the rare occasions, I travelled out of London – on the Exeter line via Sherborne, Yeovil, and Crewkerne, to visit my in‑laws, or on the Flying Scotsman on a journalistic assignment, my spirits revived and I saw with clarity that it might be possible to conceive a book based on a long railway journey."
Griebens Reise-Bibliothek,"Griebens Reise-Bibliothek (est.1853) was a series of German-language travel guide books  to Europe, founded by Theobald Grieben of Berlin. Some titles occasionally appeared in English or French language editions. Compared with its competitor Baedeker, Griebens was ""cheaper and less detailed."" A 1914 British reviewer judged it ""informative and not bulky, going easily into the coat pocket."" Readers included Thomas Wolfe. In 1863 publisher Albert Goldschmidt bought the series and continued it; in the 1890s the Goldschmidt office sat on Köthener Straße in Berlin. By the 1950s Griebens was issued by Jürgen E. Rohde of Munich."
Guides Joanne,"Guides Joanne (est. 1841) was a series of French-language travel guide books to Europe founded by Adolphe Joanne and published in Paris. Routes followed the railways at first, and later volumes guided readers by province."
Guides Pol,Guides Pol or Pol's Guides (est.1896) was a series of travel guide books to France and Switzerland. Gustave Toursier oversaw the enterprise.
Gweilo: Memories of a Hong Kong Childhood,"Gweilo: Memoirs of a Hong Kong Childhood is an autobiography by author Martin Booth. It was published in 2004 shortly before he died.
The book discusses the author's childhood in Hong Kong. The term ""gweilo"" literally means ""ghost man"" in Cantonese, but has been applied as a racial epithet for Caucasians (as in white ghosts). The book is rich with vivid descriptions of the author's explorations of Kowloon and Hong Kong, his learning of Cantonese and his numerous interactions with Chinese people in Hong Kong. In the United States, the book was marketed under the title Golden Boy.
The book appeared in the Reader's Digest Condensed Books series."
A Handbook for Travellers in Spain,"A Handbook for Travellers in Spain is an 1845 work of travel literature by English writer Richard Ford. It has been described as a defining moment in the genre.
British tourists were travelling through Europe in increasing numbers and the need for guidebooks was beginning to be supplied by publishers like John Murray.
In 1845 Ford, who had gained tremendous knowledge of Spain by extensive travel on horseback, wrote this account enlivened by humour and anecdotes.
In Ford's obituary, commonly attributed to Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, ""so great a literary achievement had never before been performed under so humble a title."" Ford marked, with George Borrow the eccentric English traveller, an interest in Spain that would continue through the twentieth century on the part of British writers: Gerald Brenan, Norman Lewis and George Orwell were among the most eminent of these successors, with Jason Webster (the author of Duende, Andalus and Guerra) and Chris Stewart (the author of Driving Over Lemons) being contemporary.
The original edition was published by John Murray in 1845 in two volumes. The following year in 1846 he prepared a more manageable version entitled Gatherings from Spain which included some extra material. Second and third editions of the original book appeared in 1847 and 1855 respectively. As of 1966 the book was still being reprinted.
In 1855 Richard Ford also wrote Andalucia, Ronda and Granada, Murcia, Valencia, and Catalonia; the portions best suited for the invalid."
The Happy Isles of Oceania,"The Happy Isles of Oceania is a travel book written by writer Paul Theroux and published in 1992. It is an account of a trip taken through the Pacific Islands shortly after the break-up of his first marriage. Starting in New Zealand, he travels to Australia and Papua New Guinea and then follows the clusters of islands throughout the Pacific Ocean, passing through Easter Island and finishing his trip in Hawaii."
Heywood Guides,"Heywood's Guide was a series of travel guide books to England, Scotland, and Wales, published in the 1860s-1910s by Abel Heywood of Manchester."
The Hill of Devi,"The Hill of Devi is an account by E. M. Forster of two visits to India in 1912–1913 and 1921, during which he worked as the private secretary to Tukojirao III, the Maharaja of the state of Dewas Senior. The book was first published in 1953 and is dedicated to Forster's friend, the Indian Civil Service administrator Malcolm Lyall Darling with whom he had been a contemporary at King's College, Cambridge as a student.Forster derived inspiration for the book from the famous hill-top temple of the Hindu Mother Goddess ""Devi"". The story is based in pre-independence India in a nondescript kingdom in the central part of the country, Dewas. The book offers an insight into the life of Indian royalty as it skilfully revolves around the internal feud between two scions of the ruling family of Dewas. The 1924 novel A Passage to India could be read along with this book.The hill is immediately north of the old town in Dewas, at 22.97 degrees north, 76.06 degrees east."
Holidays in Heck,"Holidays in Heck: A Former War Correspondent Experiences Frightening Vacation Fun is a 2011 book by P. J. O'Rourke about the author's travels to various venues.In the book, O'Rourke recounts family vacations to various tourist destinations, such as the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and the Galápagos Islands. It is loosely modeled after his earlier book Holidays in Hell.
In the introduction, O'Rourke states, ""[After my experiences as a war correspondent] I decided to write about pleasant places. ... I'd always been where people were shooting each other ... How, I wondered, does one undertake enjoyably going somewhere enjoyable?"""
Holidays in Hell,"Holidays in Hell is a non-fiction book by P.J. O'Rourke about his visits to areas of conflict during the 1980s as a foreign correspondent, as well as to some less high-profile locations."
Home Country (book),"Home Country is a collection of articles written by the columnist Ernie Pyle for Scripps-Howard newspapers between 1935 and 1940. It was compiled and published in 1947 by William Sloan Associates, Inc., after the author's death in 1945."
Honey and Dust,"Honey and Dust is the first book by Piers Moore Ede, British born writer. It won the D. H. Lawrence Prize for non fiction 2007 and is published by Bloomsbury.
It is an account of a personal journey and a man's dream of tasting all the honeys in the world.
After being seriously injured in a hit-and-run, Piers Moore Ede goes to an organic farm in Italy to recuperate. There, a beekeeper shows him the magic of the beehive. Piers, depressed since his accident, realises that honey might be his salvation. The book is the story of his quest to seek out the most wonderful honeys in the world, from the terracotta bee jars of the Lebanon to the clay cylinders of Syria. Slowly his personal problems fall into perspective against the backdrop of the dwindling traditions of the honey-farmers. He hunts wild honey from cliffs with Gurung tribesmen in Nepal, and in vast jungle trees with Veddah tribesmen in Sri Lanka. By witnessing nature's healing powers, Piers finds his own sense of regeneration."
Hong Kong Guide,"Hong Kong Guide (Chinese: 香港街) is a Hong Kong atlas published by the Survey and Mapping Office (SMO), Lands Department of Hong Kong Government. From 2005, Hong Kong Guide 2005 includes photomaps in parallel to traditional maps."
I riddarnas spår,"I riddarnas spår (in Swedish: In Footprints of the Knights) is a non-fictional book by Norwegian-Swedish fantasy author Margit Sandemo, which deals with De svarta riddarna that was at the time newest of the series of novels by her. By autumn 1999 she had written 107 books during the last seventeen years and decided to have a holiday from writing for the next seven weeks. She hired a house in Costa Blanca, Spain, but two days after beginning the holiday she began writing the next series of novels. The husband of writer, Asbjørn Sandemo had died earlier in the same year, and she experienced writing De svarta riddarna as a kind of therapy.
She began the writing of I riddarnas spår since had finished the fifth volume Skuggor (in Swedish: The Shadows) in series. Reader can peek at beyond the fictional scenes of novel and adventure with author on the sites of novel rushing photos, travel description and historical facts. I riddarnas spår is a story about the birth of De svarta riddarna as well as first and foremost about the author herself."
I'm Off Then,"I'm Off Then: Losing and Finding Myself on the Camino de Santiago (German: Ich bin dann mal weg) is a book by German writer Hape Kerkeling written in 2006 and translated into English in 2009. It has sold over three million copies. It has also been translated into French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Latvian, Spanish, Korean and Chinese.
A film adaptation, directed by Julia von Heinz, with Devid Striesow and Martina Gedeck starring, was released on December 24, 2015.

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Iberia (book),"Iberia, by James A. Michener (original title: Iberia: Spanish Travels and Reflections, subtitled Photographs by Robert Vavra), is an illustrated travel book published in April 1968 that details the author's exploration of Spain as it was in the decades leading up to the mid-1960s. In researching the book, Michener visited Spain numerous times over a period of 40 years, also referring to it as his ""second home""."
In Ethiopia with a Mule,In Ethiopia with a Mule is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1968.
In Search of a Character,"In Search of a Character: Two African Journals is a slim volume, part travel book, part novelist’s journal, written by English author Graham Greene and first published in 1961. Greene set two of his novels in Africa; A Burnt-Out Case, set in the Belgian Congo, and The Heart of the Matter, set in Sierra Leone. This book contains the journals, not originally intended for publication, that Greene kept on journeys he made for research purposes before writing those two novels.
The first part, Convoy to West Africa, covers his journey to Sierra Leone in 1941. The second part, Congo Journal, mainly deals with his journey to the Belgian Congo in 1959 and the people he meets along the way. He made the latter trip with the story of his 1960 novel A Burnt-Out Case already partly written, and it is apparent he is searching for characters to populate that story. Greene fans often find this work interesting as a glimpse into the mind of the writer and of the man."
In Wonderland,"In Wonderland  (Norwegian: I Æventyrland) is a travelogue written by Knut Hamsun in 1903. It documents Hamsun's impressions during his visit to the Russian Caucasus, Persia and Turkey in 1899.Sverre Lyngstad translated In Wonderland into English in 2003."
The Incredible Voyage,"The Incredible Voyage is Tristan Jones' account of his voyage from the lowest body of water on earth (The Dead Sea) to the highest (Lake Titicaca).  It spans several years.  Jones' voyage happened using two different boats: first was the ""Barbara"" and the second was the ""Sea Dart"". The Barbara was not permitted to be launched on the Dead Sea. Jones' books are a combination of fact and fiction."
Indonesia Handbook,"Bill Dalton's Indonesia Handbook, published by Moon Publications in California, was the main English language tourist guide book for the whole of Indonesia between the 1970s and the 1990s."
The Island that Dared,The Island that Dared: Journeys in Cuba is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by Eland Books in 2008.
Jeep Trails to Colorado Ghost Towns,"Jeep Trails to Colorado Ghost Towns (ISBN 0-87004-021-9) is a 1963 non-fiction travel guide by Robert L. Brown and published by Caxton Press. The book is a descriptive guide to ghost towns and mining camps throughout the Rocky Mountains of Colorado in the United States. It has long been a popular title on the subject among locals, and is available in many bookstores throughout the state. The book devotes chapters to over fifty former mining sites, most of them true ghost towns but also including towns such as Montezuma and Gold Hill that have survived to the present day with a diminished population. The book focuses more on the history and description of each town, rather than the particular route necessary to reach the town. Despite the title, only some of the towns require a four-wheel drive vehicle in order to reach them. Many of the towns listed are accessible in conventional automobiles."
The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides,"The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D. is a travel journal by Scotsman James Boswell first published in 1785. In 1773, Boswell enticed his English friend Samuel Johnson to accompany him on a tour through the highlands and western islands of Scotland. Johnson was then in his mid-sixties and well known for his literary works and his Dictionary. The two travellers set out from Edinburgh and skirted the eastern and northeastern coasts of Scotland, passing through St Andrews, Aberdeen and Inverness. They then passed into the highlands and spent several weeks on various islands in the Hebrides, including Skye, Coll, and Mull. After a visit to Boswell's estate at Auchinleck, the travellers returned to Edinburgh. Johnson published his Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland on 18 January 1775.
It was widely read, discussed and criticised, especially for some sceptical remarks Johnson made questioning the authenticity of the Ossian poems, which were then all the rage. After Johnson's death in 1784, Boswell published his Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides. This work was based on a diary Boswell had kept during the 1773 tour and included detailed descriptions of where he and Johnson had gone and what Johnson had said.
The Journal served as a teaser for the longer biography Boswell was preparing for publication, his Life of Samuel Johnson, which would exhibit the same qualities. Boswell's Journal and Johnson's Journey make an interesting study in contrasts. Johnson considers things philosophically and maintains a high level of generality. Boswell's approach is more anecdotal, even gossipy, and succeeds in large part because of Boswell's keen eye and ear for detail. Both accounts are still widely read and admired today."
Journals of Expeditions of Discovery into Central Australia,"Journals of Expeditions of Discovery into Central Australia is a Non-fiction novel written by the named explorer and colonist of the early Australia and other varies British colonies, Edward John Eyre. The main content of this book is derived from the travelogue of Mr. Eyre’s one year expedition trip started from Adelaide into mainland of the country and ended after he boarded a ship in King George’s Sound heading back to Adelaide. After returning, Eyre were suggesting to the Governor George Gipps the idea to lead another exploration from Moreton Bay to Port Essington but was instead appointed to resident magistrate and protector of Aborigines at River Murray and the experience and knowledge of dealing with the Aboriginals from this position form the basis of the sections of Account of the Manners and Customs of the Aborigines and the State of Their Relations with Europeans part of the book.As an autobiography of Edward John Eyre, this book was written in the forms of epistolary and confessional. According to Evans (2008), Mr. Eyre made his name early through being an overlander of sheep and cattle as an immigrant from England, which is to plan the route of livestock in the 1830s south-eastern Australia. After receiving certain name recognition among the colony, he became an explorer and after several expeditions including this one described in the book, eventually a governor of Jamaica. In Australia, in honour of his contribution as an explorer, several locations were named after him including Eyre Highway which runs through the similar route as this expedition and Lake Eyre in South Australia first discovered by Eyre also in this expedition. As mentioned early in the book, this expedition was funded in majority by subscriptions of the colonists and Mr. Eyre ‘s personal contribution, in minority by the donations from colonial government. The expedition in total costs 1391 pounds. Eight members of the expedition party includes Mr. Eyre and his assistant, a Royal Sappers, two person driving six horse dray and two Aboriginals guide, along with 13 horses and 40 sheep.
Eyre prepared them for publication while en route to London by ship in December 1844, which eventually arrived on 11 May 1845. One fellow passenger by the name of Anthony Forster whom Eyre had expressed gratitude on the preface section of the book help examining and correcting numerous errors of the manuscripts. In 1845, the first edition were published in two volumes with illustrations from Samuel Thomas Gill by publisher T & W Boone in London and the first review were released in London Spectator on September. The review credited the extraordinary bravery and leadership of Eyre but criticised Eyre's analysis of Aboriginals and that argued that he unable express tolerant towards the similar misbehaviours and shortcoming of uneducated European settlers.Notably, travelogues of expedition published by early explorer of Australia is not uncommon, other similar books including Journey of Discovery to Port Phillip in Victoria by Hamiliton Hume and West of Centre: A Journey of Discovery Into the Heartland of Australia by Ray Ericksen."
A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794,"A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany, with a Return Down the Rhine: to which are added Observations During a Tour to the Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland, and Cumberland is a travel narrative by Ann Radcliffe first published in 1795. Radcliffe at that time was the famous and successful author of four Gothic novels, largely set in Southern European locales which she never visited; this journey was her first time leaving England, and featured a Northern itinerary. The book was published by George Robinson, who published Radcliffe's bestselling The Mysteries of Udolpho the preceding year."
Journey to Portugal,Journey to Portugal (Viagem a Portugal in Portuguese) is a non-fiction book on Portugal by Nobel Prize-winning author José Saramago. It was first published in 1981 by Círculo de Leitores e Editorial Caminho.
Jupiter's Travels,"Jupiter's Travels is a book by Ted Simon which narrates his four-year journey through 126,000 km across 45 countries on a Triumph Tiger 100 500 cc motorcycle from 1973 to 1977. His book was first published in English in 1979.
Jupiter's Travels is the first of Ted Simon's books on motorcycle adventure,  he is now a widely published and accomplished adventure motorcycle rider and writer, running a writers retreat in France."
A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains,"A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains is a travel book by British explorer Isabella Bird, describing her 1873 trip to the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, the on the frontier of the United States. The book is a compilation of letters that Bird wrote to her sister, Henrietta, and was published in October 1879 by John Murray.

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Lakeland: Journeys into the Soul of Canada,"Lakeland: Journeys into the Soul of Canada is a nonfiction book, written by Canadian writer Allan Casey, first published in November 2009 by Greystone Books. The book celebrates Canada's uniquely lake-rich landscape and explores the relationship that both the author and all Canadians have with this ""Lakeland"". In the book, the author chronicles his summer vacations to ten Canadian lakes. His tale begins at the cabin his father built on Saskatchewan's Emma Lake in 1960 and continues on a journey through ten of Canada's scenic lakes, extenuating their increasingly fragile existence as pristine lakes of Saskatchewan. It has been called an ""extraordinary piece of writing"", earning accolades of literary recognition."
The Last Heathen,"The Last Heathen: Encounters with Ghosts and Ancestors in Melanesia is a book by Charles Montgomery, published in Canada by Douglas and McIntyre in 2004. In 2006 it was published in the United States by HarperCollins as The Shark God.
The Last Heathen is the autobiographical account of the author in his journey to Melanesia, following in the footsteps of his great-grandfather, Henry Montgomery, Bishop of Tasmania, and to study the effect of his great-grandfather's religion on the people. Montgomery traveled to Melanesia expecting to find a volatile mixture of the tribal, pagan religion and Christianity. He found a comfortable hybrid instead, the two religions living in harmony. The book details his journey as well as his discoveries, from an atheistic point of view.
The book won the Charles Taylor Prize for Literary Non-fiction in 2005. The book has also won the Hubert Evans Non-Fiction Prize."
The Last Opium Den,"The Last Opium Den is an investigative journalism/travel book by Nick Tosches. It was originally an article in Vanity Fair, where Tosches is a contributing editor. Tosches travels the world (in particular, Southeast Asia) seeking the titular establishment. He also spends time discussing the heroin/opium trade, the history of opium dens, wine tasting, and the historical use of opium to treat symptoms of diabetes.

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Len Deighton's London Dossier,"Len Deighton's London Dossier is a guide book to London, edited by British author Len Deighton and published in 1967. It consists of a ""collection of personal guides to the hidden gems and sites of London by a range of writers and raconteurs, many of them Len Deighton’s friends.""  Deighton himself contributes two of the 14 essays.
Among the contributors are the Sunday Times columnist and editor Godfrey Smith, musician and TV presenter Steve Race, the Evening Standard critic and columnist Milton Shulman, photographer and journalist Daniel Farson, photographer Adrian Flowers, investigative reporter and crime writer Eric Clark,  and photographer, journalist and foodie Adrian Bailey.The book is ""styled as a 'dossier' to capitalise in part on Deighton's growing reputation at the time as a spy thriller writer, and also cashes in on his growing reputation as one of sixties London's 'names' and all-purpose man about town.The book will tell you where to hire a barrel organ; where to buy snake steaks; where to find the nearest nudist colony; and how to handle taxi drivers. It's eclectic in the extreme, but a fantastic read where the mini skirts, cigarette smoke and smell of jellied eels leaps off the page."""
A Little House Traveler,"A Little House Traveler: Writings from Laura Ingalls Wilder's Journeys Across America is a collection of early writings by Laura Ingalls Wilder, the author of the Little House series of children's novels. It consists of three parts: On the Way Home, a diary originally published in 1962; West from Home, a collection of letters from Wilder to her husband Almanzo Wilder written in 1915 and published in 1974; and The Road Back, a previously unpublished diary.The Road Back is Laura Ingalls Wilder's journal written during an automobile trip from Mansfield, Missouri to DeSmet, South Dakota and the Black Hills, with her husband Almanzo in 1931, to visit the family and collect materials for the autobiographical Little House books."
Local Colour: Travels in the Other Australia,"Local Colour: Travels in the Other Australia is a book containing photography and text by Bill Bachman with additional text by Tim Winton.It was published in 1994 and reprinted in 2000 and 2002.  It was published in the US as Australian Colors: Images of the Outback in 1998 and reprinted in 2000.

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Love and War in the Pyrenees,"Love and War in the Pyrenees is a book written by Rosemary Bailey. Bailey in 2008. The book was awarded the best narrative travel book by the British Guild of Travel Writers.The book is about  World War II in the Pyrenees region. Rebecca Abrams from The Jewish Chronicle described the book as ""a quiet triumph of historical reconstruction."""
Mani: Travels in the Southern Peloponnese,"Mani: Travels in the Southern Peloponnese is a travel book by English author Patrick Leigh Fermor, published in 1958. It covers his journey with wife Joan and friend Xan Fielding around the Mani peninsula in southern Greece."
McCarthy's Bar,"McCarthy's Bar is the best-selling book by travel writer and comedian Pete McCarthy. First published in 2000, the book sold nearly a million copies leading to McCarthy winning Newcomer of the Year at the British Book Awards in 2002.The book is often titled McCarthy's Bar: A Journey of Discovery in Ireland."
"Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the southern parts of France and Northern Italy, in the year 1787","Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the southern parts of France and Northern Italy, in the year 1787, or Memoranda, is a text by Thomas Jefferson, written during a trip beginning February 28, 1787 from France to Italy.
Jefferson produced the work as a guide for two young American friends, Thomas Lee Shippen and John Rutledge, following a wine tour of Europe. It consists largely of an extensive discussion of the wine grown throughout southern France and northern Italy. Jefferson excerpted the material from his general travel journals."
Meyers Reisebücher,Meyers Reisebücher (1862-1936) were a series of German-language travel guide books published by the Bibliographisches Institut of Hildburghausen and Leipzig.
The Middle Passage (book),"The Middle Passage: The Caribbean Revisited is a 1962 book-length essay and travelogue by V. S. Naipaul. It is his first book-length work of non-fiction.The book covers a year-long trip Naipaul took through Trinidad, British Guiana, Suriname, Martinique, and Jamaica in 1961. As well as giving his own impressions, Naipaul refers to the work of earlier travellers such as Patrick Leigh Fermor, who described a similar itinerary in The Traveller's Tree (1950). Naipaul addresses a range of topics including the legacy of slavery and colonialism, race relations, the roles of immigrants from India in the various countries, and differences in language, culture, and economics.
The book was poorly received in Trinidad and other Caribbean nations on account of Naipaul's ""patronising attitude"" towards these colonies and ex-colonies, his apparent approval of imperialism, and for other reasons.
SEE https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000bpkt"
Mirrors of the Unseen,Mirrors of the Unseen: Journeys in Iran (2006) is a travel book written by British travel writer Jason Elliot.
A Month by the Sea,A Month by the Sea: Encounters in Gaza is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by Eland Books in 2013.
Mornings in Mexico,"Mornings in Mexico is a collection of travel essays by D. H. Lawrence, first published by Martin Secker in 1927. These brief works display Lawrence's gifts as a travel writer, catching the 'spirit of place' in his own vivid manner.
Lawrence wrote the first four of these essays at the same time as he was completing and revising his Mexican novel The Plumed Serpent (1926).  Three of the others, about Puebloans, were written earlier in 1924 in New Mexico, and the final piece ""A Little Moonshine with Lemon"" came later as Lawrence remembered his New Mexico ranch (Kiowa Ranch) from Italy. The Cambridge Edition, Mornings in Mexico and Other Essays edited by Virginia Crosswhite Hyde (2009), adds an additional twelve essays, most of them concerning American Southwestern peoples and places.
The eight essays in the original volume are:

""Corasmin and the Parrots""
""Walk to Huayapa""
""The Mozo""
""Market Day""
""Indians and Entertainment""
""Dance of the Sprouting Corn""
""The Hopi Snake Dance""
""A Little Moonshine with Lemon""."
Mountains of the Mind,"Mountains of the Mind: A History of a Fascination is a book by British writer Robert Macfarlane published in 2003 about the history of the human fascination with mountains. The book takes its title from a line by the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins and combines history with first-person narrative. He considers why people are drawn to mountains despite their obvious dangers, and examines the powerful, and sometimes fatal hold that mountains can come to have over the imagination. The book's heroes include the mountaineer George Mallory, and its influences include the writing of Simon Schama and Francis Spufford. In the end, Macfarlane criticizes Mallory for devoting more time to the mountain than his wife and notes that he has personally sworn off high-risk mountaineering. The New York Times's John Rothchild praised the book, writing ""There's fascinating stuff here, and a clever premise, but Mountains of the Mind may cause recovering climbaholics to trace their addiction to their early homework assignments and file class-action lawsuits against their poetry teachers.""""Mountains of the Mind"" won the Guardian First Book Award and the Somerset Maugham Award."
Muddling Through in Madagascar,Muddling Through in Madagascar is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1985.
A Naturalist in Indian Seas,"A Naturalist in Indian Seas, or, Four Years with the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator is a 1902 publication by Alfred William Alcock, a British naturalist and carcinologist. The book is mostly a narrative describing the Investigator's journey through areas of the Indian Ocean, such as the Laccadive Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.  It also details the history of the Investigator, as well as the marine biology of the Indian Ocean.
The book is considered a classic in natural history travel, and in 1903, The Geographical Journal described it as ""a most fascinating and complete popular account of the deep-sea fauna of the Indian seas. The book is one of intense interest throughout to a zoologist"". In its original edition, A Naturalist in Indian Seas was 328 pages long and published in 8 volumes in London."
Neither Here nor There: Travels in Europe,"Neither Here nor There: Travels in Europe is a 1991 humorous travelogue by American writer Bill Bryson. It documents the author's tour of Europe in 1990, with flashbacks to two summer tours he made in 1972 and 1973 in his college days. On his 1973 tour, he travelled with his friend Matt Angerer, pseudonymised in the book as Stephen Katz, who also appeared more prominently in Bryson's later book A Walk in the Woods, as well as in The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid.
Bryson's trip begins in the winter, in Hammerfest, Norway, where his goal is to see the Northern Lights. He visits numerous locations throughout Europe, commenting on the various aspects of life in different parts of Europe, and comparing them to how he experienced them in his earlier visits. The book ends with Bryson reaching Istanbul, Turkey, looking across the Bosphorus to Asia, and considering continuing his tour."
New York (Burgess book),New York is a 1976 work of travel and observation by Anthony Burgess.
De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld,"De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld (Dutch) or The New and Unknown World (English) is a book by Arnoldus Montanus. It was published by Jacob van Meurs. It was published, after translation into English, by John Ogilby. The book has 125 engravings made of copper. It has 70 plates and 16 maps."
No Reservations: Around the World on an Empty Stomach,No Reservations: Around the World on an Empty Stomach is a book by Anthony Bourdain and a companion to the television show of the same name. The book serves as a scrap book of the previous three seasons of the television show and has extensive photographs of Bourdain and his crew at work filming the series.
North of South,"North of South: An African Journey is a travel book by Shiva Naipaul, originally published by Penguin Books in 1978, and republished as a Penguin Classic in 1997. The book concerns Naipaul's travels in Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. Naipaul was particularly interested in the Asian populations of these countries.  The ""South"" in the title refers to South Africa."
Notes from a Big Country,"Notes from a Big Country, or as it was released in the United States, I'm a Stranger Here Myself, is a collection of articles written by Bill Bryson for The Mail on Sunday's Night and Day supplement during the 1990s, published together first in Britain in 1998 and in paperback in 1999. The book discusses Bryson's views on relocating to Hanover, New Hampshire, after spending two decades in Britain.
The American and British editions are not quite identical as, besides spelling differences, some explanatory information suitable for each intended audience is added or omitted within individual articles. This is freely acknowledged in the introduction."
Observations (Belon book),"Les observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses memorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie et autres pays estranges is a work of ethnographical, botanical and zoological exploration by Pierre Belon (1517–1564), a French naturalist from Le Mans. Starting in 1546, Belon travelled through Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, Arabia and Palestine, returning to France in 1549.His Observations, with illustrations, were first published in 1553. A second edition appeared in 1555. The work was translated into Latin by Charles de l'Écluse (Carolus Clusius) and published in 1589 under the title Petri Bellonii Cenomani plurimorum singularium et memorabilium rerum ... observationes. The Latin text was reprinted as an appendix to Clusius's Exoticorum libri decem (1605)."
The Old Patagonian Express,"The Old Patagonian Express (1979) is a written account of a journey taken by novelist Paul Theroux. Starting out from his home town in Massachusetts, via Boston and Chicago, Theroux travels by train across the North American plains to Laredo, Texas. He then crosses the border and takes a train south through Mexico to Veracruz where he meets a woman looking for her long-lost lover. He then takes the train south into Guatemala and then El Salvador where he goes to a soccer match and is amazed by the violence. He then flies to Costa Rica where he takes the train to Limón and Puntarenas. He ended his transit of Central America in Panama where he takes the short train ride across the isthmus. Theroux then proceeds to Colombia and then over the Andes and finally reaches the small town of Esquel in Patagonia. He endures harsh climates, including the extreme altitude of Peru and the Bolivian Plateau, meets the author Jorge Luis Borges in Buenos Aires and is reunited with long lost family in Ecuador.
The book has been praised for its depth and understanding about the people, the culture, giving a flavor of the various South American countries."
On a Chinese Screen,"On a Chinese Screen, also known as On a Chinese Screen: Sketches of Life in China, is a travel book by W. Somerset Maugham, first published in 1922. It is a series of short sketches Maugham made during a trip along the Yangtze River in 1919–1920, and although ostensibly about China the book is equally focused on the various westerners he met during the trip and their struggles to accept or adapt to the cultural differences they encounter, which are often as enormous and as alienating as the country itself."
On a Shoestring to Coorg,"On a Shoestring to Coorg is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1976. The book is usually given the subtitle An Experience of Southern India, but has been called An Experience of South India and A Travel Memoir of India."
One Foot in Laos,One Foot in Laos is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1999.
One Thousand Roads to Mecca,"One Thousand Roads to Mecca: Ten Centuries of Travelers Writing about the Muslim Pilgrimage is a collection of travel journals edited by Michael Wolfe and published in 1999. Covering over 20 accounts made over 10 centuries, this work shows many sides of the Hajj, the Pilgrimage to Mecca required of every able Muslim.
Included are accounts of Naser-e Khosraw, Ibn Jubayr, Ibn Battuta and ultimately the pilgrimage of Michael Wolfe himself."
One's Company,"One's Company: A Journey to China (London: Cape, 1934) is a travel book by Peter Fleming, correspondent for The Times of London, describing his journey day-by-day from London through Moscow and the Trans-Siberian Railway, then through Japanese-run Manchukuo, then on to Nanking, the capital of China in the 1930s, with a glimpse of “Red China”. It was reissued (with News from Tartary) as half of Travels in Tartary.
Fleming's Preface opens with a self-deprecating observation:

The recorded history of Chinese civilization covers a period of four thousand years.
The population of China is estimated at 450 million.
China is larger than Europe.
The author of this book is twenty-six years old.
He has spent, altogether, about seven months in China.
He does not speak Chinese.

British in its insouciant class condescension (Moscow was like a ""servant’s quarters"") and offhand anti-Semitism (the Soviet Union is run by Jews), the tone is imperially comic and the judgments quick, though always focused on the author. When Fleming gets to China, the reader is rewarded with acid portraits of Chiang Kai-shek, pronouncements on “Red China” and the prospects of Communism (it could never take hold in China), life on the war fronts, and the nature of the Japanese empire. Nicholas J. Clifford observes: ""If for Fleming... China remained something of a joke, the joke was less on the country than on the bemused traveler himself.... Even so, the humor ... can sometimes wear a little thin.... there was much about it that still had the aspect of a comic opera land whose quirks and oddities became grist for the writer rather than deserving any respect or sympathy in themselves."" Paul French unsympathetically described it as ""largely a litany of visits to places he didn't like — except England.""

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The Only Snow in Havana,"The Only Snow in Havana is a non-fiction book, written by Canadian writer Elizabeth Hay, first published in September 1992 by Cormorant Books. In the book, the author chronicles an eight-year sojourn in which she traveled to Mexico, and through Cuba and Latin America, settling in New York until her return to Ottawa in 1992. Hay was homesick throughout her time away, and every new experience of her travels invoked reflections of home, which she recorded in her journal. Hay's journals resulted in a trilogy of books, of which, The Only Snow in Havana is the second."
Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire,"Outposts: Journeys to the surviving relics of the British Empire is a book by Simon Winchester. It details his travels to each of the remaining dependencies of the British Empire and was first published in 1985 in Britain by Hodder and Stoughton under the title Outposts and in the United States by Prentice Hall as The Sun Never Sets: Travels to the Remaining Outposts of the British Empire. It was reprinted in 2003 with a new foreword written to address the changing political climate and attitudes in relation to the British Empire, most importantly concerning the handover of Hong Kong to China and, more generally, the rise of globalism."
An Oxford University Chest,"An Oxford University Chest is a book about the University of Oxford, written by the poet Sir John Betjeman and first published by John Miles in London in 1938. The full title is An Oxford University Chest. Comprising a Description of the Present State of the Town and University of Oxford with an itinerary arranged alphabetically.
The book includes photographs by László Moholy-Nagy and illustrations by Osbert Lancaster and Edward Bradley, the latter reproduced from the Victorian novel The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green.
The title is a pun on the University Chest, the financial treasury of the university.  The book provides glimpses into the life and characteristics of the university.
A paperback edition was issued by Oxford University Press in 1979."
Passage to Juneau,"Passage to Juneau: A Sea and Its Meanings is a 1999 travelogue by Jonathan Raban. Alongside an account of Raban's own trip by boat from Seattle to Juneau, the reader is presented with the voyage of Captain George Vancouver between 1792 and 1794 and his encounters with the seagoing natives living along the coast.

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Pictures from Italy,"Pictures from Italy is a travelogue by Charles Dickens, written in 1846. The book reveals the concerns of its author as he presents, according to Kate Flint, the country ""like a chaotic magic-lantern show, fascinated both by the spectacle it offers, and by himself as spectator"".

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The Pillars of Hercules (book),"The Pillars of Hercules: A Grand Tour of the Mediterranean is a travelogue written by the American travel writer and novelist Paul Theroux, first published 1995.It concerns a year-and-a-half long expedition around the shoreline of the Mediterranean Sea from one of Hercules' Pillars (Gibraltar) to the other (Ceuta) undertaken during 1993–94. Theroux recounts his experiences from the many diverse countries that border the shores of the sea, including the war-torn Yugoslavia (this was shortly before the break-up of the former republic), the troubled Levant and the recently liberated Albania. Other countries visited include Spain (and Palma de Mallorca, France (and Corsica), Italy (and Sardinia), Slovenia, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco. Many authors, politicians, topics, and works are mentioned within the work including Joshua Hassan, bullfighting, Francisco Franco, tourism, Salvador Dalí, Edward Lear, the Bible, the Odyssey, James Joyce (in Trieste), Silvio Berlusconi, Carlo Levi, pornography, the evil eye, the Croatian War of Independence, the Stari Most, bunkers, Ismail Kadare, Enver Hoxha, cruise ship culture with people from the West, cruise ship culture with people from Turkey, border crossings, Lawrence Durrell (Alexandria Quartet), Christopher W.S. Ross, Abdul Rahman Munif, American-Israeli relations, Israeli-Palestinian relations, Naguib Mahfouz, and Paul Bowles.  
The Pillars of Hercules consists of eighteen chapters."
A Place Apart,"A Place Apart is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1978, and won the Christopher Ewart-Biggs Memorial Prize in 1979. The book is usually given the subtitle Northern Ireland in the 1970s, but has been called A Record of Northern Ireland."
Race to the Finish?,"Race to the Finish? The Nuclear Stakes is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. The book was first published in 1981. Like Murphy's other earlier works, it was published by Jock Murray of the John Murray publishing house.Race to the Finish? is about nuclear power and the arms industry. Murphy speaks out against them, and credits the book as a turning point that led her to write more about political issues. In 1979, she stayed with friends near Three Mile Island, after America's worst nuclear accident. From then most of her books have been what she has called ""mongrels"", mixing travel with considerations of social, political and ethical problems.A review in the Library Journal states
This book is avowedly anti-nuke. A well-reasoned and carefully written volume, it touches upon the safety factors in nuclear power plants, the medical consequences of nuclear radiation, the implications of nuclear proliferation, and the arms race expansion. Although some of the author's arguments can be found elsewhere, he presentation is well researched. Murphy concludes with an appreciation of the ethics and sincerity of most pro-nuclear scientists, however she may disagree with their view of nuclear energy."
A Ramble Round the Globe,"A Ramble Round the Globe is an 1894 book by Thomas Dewar detailing his journey around the world publicizing Dewars Scotch Whisky. The book is at least purportedly Dewar's journal, written solely for his friends who ""wanted to know 'all about it.'"""
Le Rhin,"Le Rhin (lit. The Rhine) is an 1842 travel guide written by Victor Hugo. Similar to Mark Twain's writings about the Mississippi, it includes many stories about the Rhine river. It ends with a political manifesto."
Riding the Iron Rooster,"Riding the Iron Rooster (1988) is a travel book by Paul Theroux primarily about his travels through China in the 1980s. One of his aims is to disprove the Chinese maxim, ""you can always fool a foreigner"". It won the 1989 Thomas Cook Travel Book Award.Theroux travelled through China for a year, ending his journey in Tibet after visiting Mongolia, Xinjiang and Manchuria.  He was accompanied by a bureaucrat who acted as a chaperone."
The River at the Center of the World,"The River at the Center of the World: A Journey Up the Yangtze, and Back in Chinese Time is a book by Simon Winchester. It details his travels up the Yangtze river in China and was first published in 1996.Viewing an ancient Chinese painting scroll drawn by Wang Hui gives the author the inspiration on how to structure his book. He starts his journey in Shanghai, at the Yangtze river's delta, and makes his way upriver to the headwaters. At the same time, his narration also makes a journey back in time, writing about contemporary times in Shanghai and Nanjing, and writing about events that date back increasingly farther in cities upriver.
He makes the travel with a companion — a Chinese woman who is referred to in the book only as Lily to protect her identity. The chapter titled A New Great Wall is devoted to the Three Gorges Dam, then under construction and fully operational as of 2012."
Road of Winds,"The Road of Winds (a.k.a. Gobi Notes) is a non-fiction book by Ivan Yefremov about his three years' travel in Mongolia (1946–1949) when he was the head of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian  Paleontology Expedition. 
Most findings described in the book went to Orlov Museum [1].

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The Road to Little Dribbling,"The Road to Little Dribbling: More Notes From a Small Island is a humorous travel book by American author Bill Bryson, first published in 2015.
Twenty years after the publication of Notes From a Small Island, Bryson makes another journey around Great Britain to see what has changed. In the opening chapters he notes that the straight line distance from Bognor Regis on the south coast to Cape Wrath in Scotland is the longest straight line one can travel in the UK without crossing any part of the sea. He dubs this the ""Bryson Line"" and uses it as a rough basis for the route he travels in the book, concentrating mainly on places that he did not visit in Notes from a Small Island.
The U.K. cover depicts The Jolly Fisherman of Skegness, skipping with the Seven Sisters in the background. Both of these are iconic images of British sea-side culture and landscape, although geographically distant from one another."
Roads to Santiago,Roads to Santiago (Dutch: De omweg naar Santiago) is a 1992 travelogue by the Dutch writer Cees Nooteboom. It focuses on the pilgrim route to Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
The Roads to Sata,"The Roads to Sata, written in 1985 by Alan Booth, tells the story of his journey in 1977, on foot, from Cape Sōya in Hokkaidō, the northernmost point of Japan, to Sata, the southernmost point of the main islands of Japan. Booth's journey lasted 128 days and covered 2,000 miles. The book was originally published by John Weatherhill Inc in 1985, but was republished by Kodansha Globe in 1997 in paperback.

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Safarnama,"Safarnāma (Persian: سفرنامه) is a book of travel literature written during the 11th century by Nasir Khusraw (1003-1077). It is also known as the Book of Travels. 
It is an account of Khusraw's seven-year journey through the Islamic world. He initially set out on a Hajj, the obligatory Pilgrimage to Mecca. Departing on 5 March 1046, Khusraw took a less than direct route, heading north toward the Caspian Sea. Throughout his travels he kept a minutely detailed journal which clearly describes many facets of life in the Islamic world of the 11th Century.
Nasir Khusraw compiled the Safarnama in a later period of his life, using notes that he had taken along his seven-year journey. His prose is straightforward, resembling a travelogue as opposed to his more poetic and philosophical Diwan. Khusraw begins his Safarnama with a description of himself, his life, and his monumental decision to travel to Mecca. He recounts an extraordinary dream in which he converses with a man who encourages him to seek out that which is beneficial to the intellect. Before the dream ends, the man allegedly points towards the qibla and says nothing more.In the remaining sections of the Safarnama, Khusraw describes cities and towns along the path of his journey, with particular focus on Mecca, Jerusalem, and Cairo (the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate at the time). Khusraw's work is appreciated for its detailed descriptions of these cities, with precise accounts of civic buildings and markets."
A Sense of the World,"A Sense of the World: How a Blind Man became History's Greatest Traveler is a bestselling biography of James Holman (1786–1857), the blind Englishman who overcame the adversity of sightlessness to become a world traveler and cultural commentator. Its author is Jason Roberts.The book was a finalist for the 2006 National Book Critics Circle Award, and for the international Guardian First Book Award. It was published in the United States by HarperCollins, and in the United Kingdom by Simon & Schuster. According to critic Lev Grossman of Time magazine:

A Sense of the World is inspiring--but in the real way, the way most ""inspirational"" books aren't. Holman wasn't a Fear Factor thrill seeker; he was a deeply Romantic figure, a man ransacking the globe for peace of mind even as he fled the demons of disappointment and bitterness nipping at his heels. A celebrity in his time, Holman subsided after his death into the darkness in which he lived. He, and readers everywhere, owes Roberts thanks for leading him back into the light."
The Sex Lives of Cannibals,The Sex Lives of Cannibals: Adrift in the Equatorial Pacific is a 2004 travelogue by author J. Maarten Troost describing the two years he and his girlfriend spent living on the Tarawa atoll in the Pacific island nation of Kiribati.
The Sign of the Cross (book),"The Sign of the Cross: Travels in Catholic Europe is a non-fiction book published in 1994 by Irish writer Colm Tóibín.
In the book, Tóibín describes successive Holy Weeks spent in Poland, Seville, Bavaria, Rome, and the Balkans and reflects on the condition of Catholicism in every place making it an intellectual survey of the state of the faith in the new Europe of the 1990s. He also visits post-Communist Catholic Lithuania and Estonia and considers the faith in Ireland and Scotland.
Tóibín, a Catholic by baptism, reckons with the religious demons of his past, the rituals, the pilgrimages, and the shrines. A special chapter is devoted to Toibin's strange and painful session in group therapy, wherein, to his surprise, he experiences the urge to make the sign of the cross in memory of his father, who died when he was a boy. His father's death is also present in some of his novels.
The book was shortlisted for the Waterstone's / Volvo / Esquire Prize for the Best Non-Fiction Book of the Year, 1994."
The Silent Traveller in London,"The Silent Traveller in London  (simplified Chinese: 《伦敦画记》; traditional Chinese: 《倫敦畫記》; pinyin: “Lúndūn huàjì” (“London Pictorial”)) is a 1938 book by the Chinese author Chiang Yee.It covers his pre-war experience in London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. Chiang Yee's account was one of the first widely available books written by a Chinese author in English. He was fascinated by such social conventions as afternoon tea and discussing the weather. Comparing London with China Chiang Yee draws parallels and contrasts:

""I am bound to look at things from a different angle, but I have never agreed with people who hold that the various nationalities differ greatly from each other. They may be different superficially, but they eat, drink, sleep, dress, and shelter themselves from the wind and rain in the same way."" The book is illustrated by the author with colour and monochrome plates in a Chinese style.
The book was originally published by Country Life in London. Second and third impressions were published in 1938 and a fourth impression was published in 1940. It was reprinted by Signal Books in 2001 (ISBN 1-902669-41-X).This book  is part of The Silent Traveller series. In 1940, he moved from London to Oxford due to the loss of his flat during the Blitz in World War II, and subsequently wrote The Silent Traveller in Oxford in 1944."
The Silent Traveller in Oxford,"The Silent Traveller in Oxford is a 1944 book by the Chinese author Chiang Yee.It covers his wartime experience in the city of Oxford, England, especially concerning the University of Oxford, after he was forced to move from London in 1940 due to losing his flat during the Blitz in World War II. The book is illustrated by the author with 12 colour paintings and 8 monotone plates showing scenes around Oxford in a Chinese style, together with 70 black and white line drawings.
The book was originally published on 2 November 1944 by Methuen in London. A second edition appeared in April 1945, a third edition in December 1946, and a fourth edition in 1948. It was reprinted by Signal Books in 2003 (ISBN 1-902669-69-X).This book is part of The Silent Traveller series."
Silverland,Silverland: A Winter Journey Beyond the Urals is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 2006.
Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays,"Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian Essays, or Etruscan Places, is a collection of travel writings by D. H. Lawrence, first published posthumously in 1932. In this book Lawrence contrasted the life affirming world of the Etruscans with the shabbiness of Benito Mussolini's Italy during the late 1920s.
In preparing these essays, Lawrence travelled through the countryside of Tuscany with his friend Earl Brewster during the spring of 1927. 
The first U.S. edition, published by The Viking Press in 1932 and titled Etruscan Places, states, ""A portion of this material originally appeared in Travel, and was copyrighted (1927) by Robert M. McBride & Company, Inc.""
The volume published in 1932 included the following essays:

Cerveteri
Tarquinia
The Painted Tombs of Tarquinia 1
The Painted Tombs of Tarquinia 2
Vulci
Volterra
The Florence Museum

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"Smile, You're Traveling","Smile, You're Traveling (spelled Smile, You're Travelling in the second, British edition) is the third book in the Black Coffee Blues trilogy by Henry Rollins. It includes portions of his travel journal from 1997–1998 which includes personal encounters of spending time with the band Black Sabbath, a vacation to Africa, and trips elsewhere as part of his spoken word tours. It has received a 3.91 rating from approximately 67 reviews at Goodreads.com.
ISBN 1-880985-69-1"
South from the Limpopo,South from the Limpopo: Travels through South Africa is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1997.
A Soviet Journey,"A Soviet Journey is a 1978 travelogue by South African socialist Alex La Guma. Writing in the early 90s, critic Roger Field described the book as one of the under examined works from La Guma's corpus, because of his reputation as a fiction writer first, and the political nature of Western academics commenting on a book title ""Soviet"" during the Cold War.The novel has significant references and comparisons to the works and travels of Ernest Hemingway. The book also reflects substantially on the influence of other works of literary modernism on his own writing."
The Spell of Egypt,"The Spell of Egypt is a 1910 travel book by the British writer Robert Hichens. It was originally published in 1908 as Egypt and Its Monuments. Hichens was known for his orientalist writing, and Egypt was a setting for several of his novels."
Tales from Two Cities,Tales from Two Cities: Travel of Another Sort is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1987.
Those United States,"Those United States, subtitled Impressions of a First Visit, is a book about Arnold Bennett's first journey (via a transatlantic steam ship) to the United States. Bennett was in the US from October to November 1911.Those United States was serialized in Harper's Magazine from April to November 1912. It was published in book form as Your United States by Harper in November 1912. Martin Secker published Those United States in the UK in October 1912. Frank Craig illustrated it."
The Thousand-Mile Summer,"The Thousand-Mile Summer by Colin Fletcher is the author's chronicle of his 1958 hike along the entire eastern edge of California. Fletcher writes of traveling on foot along the Colorado River, though Death Valley and the High Sierra. The book was first published in 1964."
Through Siberia by Accident,Through Siberia by Accident: A Small Slice of Autobiography is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 2005.
Through the Embers of Chaos,"Through the Embers of Chaos: Balkan Journeys is a nonfiction book by Irish author Dervla Murphy, detailing her travels through the Balkans. It was first published by John Murray in 2002."
Tibetan Foothold,Tibetan Foothold is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1966.
To Chicago and Back,"To Chicago and Back (Bulgarian: До Чикаго и назад, romanized: Do Chikago i nazad) is a travel book written by Bulgarian writer Aleko Konstantinov in 1894, describing his visit to the United States in order to see the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. It was the first major book by the author, and together with Bay Ganyo they are considered to be his most notable works. A lot of the book is written in a humorous, satirical tone, with occasional more sober reflections."
Tokyo: A View of the City,Tokyo: A View of the City is a book by Donald Richie published in 1999. It is his description of Tokyo geographically and also describing his experiences over the decades of life he spent there.
"A Tour in Scotland, 1769","A Tour in Scotland, 1769 was published in 1771. It is written by Thomas Pennant and illustrated by Moses Griffiths, who travelled together.
Pennant set a new standard in travel literature: Samuel Johnson (whose own travelogue it provoked) said of him, ""He's the best traveller I ever read; he observes more things than anyone else does"".
He himself said of his work: ""I beg to be considered not as a Topographer but as a curious traveller willing to collect all that a traveller may be supposed to do in his voyage; I am the first that attempted travels at home, therefore earnestly wish for accuracy.""(May 1773).Pennant was a naturalist, and many of his observations were of the flora and fauna; but he also wrote about other subjects, including  economics and what would now be considered anthropology.
Besides its effect on travel writing, the work had an effect on the shifting national identities of the time."
TourBook,"TourBook is the brand name of a series of United States travel guides published by the American Automobile Association (AAA).  The books are published annually in editions that cover one to five states each (depending on size).  Editions covering Canadian provinces are also available, created in association with the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA). Additional TourBooks have been published for Mexico and the Caribbean. TourBooks are free to AAA and CAA members.
TourBooks provide an overview of each state or province, followed by detailed travel information for each state or province, organized by city.  The books provide listings of major attractions, lodging, and restaurants.  Highlighted attractions are identified with a ""GEM"" icon (""Great Experience for Members"").  Most lodging and restaurants are rated using AAA's ""Diamond"" system, from one to five, with ""one diamond"" indicating basic but adequate facilities and service and ""five diamond"" being reserved for the highest levels of luxury and elegance. Some establishments forgo AAA rating but are included for completeness."
Tracks of Destiny,Tracks of Destiny is a 1961 travel book by Ion Idriess.
Transylvania and Beyond,Transylvania and Beyond is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1992.
Traveling in Sin,"Traveling in Sin is a memoir by American authors Lisa Ellen Niver and George Rajna of We Said Go Travel that is written in the voices of the story's two leading protagonists, who met on-line in January 2007."
Travels in Arabia Deserta,"Travels in Arabia Deserta (1888) is a travel book by Charles Montagu Doughty (1843–1926), an English poet, writer, and traveller. Doughty had travelled in the Middle East and spent some time living with the Bedouins during the 1870s. Rory Stewart describes the book as ""a unique chronicle of a piece of history that has been lost"".An abridged version was arranged and introduced in 1908 by Edward Garnett, but the original version was reissued with a new introduction by Doughty and an introduction by T. E. Lawrence in 1921. Lawrence was an avid admirer of Doughty and his writing, as shown in his introduction. Lawrence had been instrumental in having the work reprinted, with his name ensuring that Arabia Deserta reached a wider audience."
Travels with Herodotus,"Travels with Herodotus (Polish: Podróże z Herodotem) is a non-fiction book written by the Polish journalist, Ryszard Kapuściński, published in 2004.  The book mixes together a collection of Kapuściński's own experiences and philosophical themes with excerpts from the book The Histories by Herodotus which serves not only as a companion in his often long and lonely journeys but also as a guide to the conflicts that waged in current times (such as East vs. West and the debate over whether many European customs originally came from Africa). The book was translated into English by Klara Glowczewska."
Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh,"Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh is a book written by Colonel John Biddulph and originally published in 1880. The book was one of the first written in English which provided an insight into the languages, social customs and general characteristics of the many tribes that inhabited the Hindu Kush."
A Turn in the South,"A Turn in the South is a travelogue of the American South written by Nobel Prize-winning writer V. S. Naipaul.  The book was published in 1989 and is based upon the author's travels in the southern states of the United States.
Naipaul has written fiction and non-fiction about life in the Caribbean, India, Africa and South America.  The object of this book is to compare U.S. states such as South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, et cetera to their geographical neighbors, the nations of the Caribbean.  He discusses topics such as Martin Luther King Jr., the economy, technology, industrialization, tourism, religion, rednecks, (post-)slavery and racism."
The Ukimwi Road,The Ukimwi Road: From Kenya to Zimbabwe is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1993. Ukimwi is Swahili for AIDS.
Unbeaten Tracks in Japan,"Unbeaten Tracks in Japan (日本奥地紀行, Nihon Okuchi Kikō) is a book by the English travel writer Isabella Bird, in the form of letters to her sister, describing her journey from Tokyo to Hokkaido in 1878, when she was 46. It was first published in two volumes in 1880 by John Murray, which later issued an abridged one-volume version in 1885.
The book recounts how Bird made the journey with a Japanese interpreter named Ito, visiting places that few or no Westerners had seen before, between June and September 1878. It records in great detail her responses to Japanese houses, clothing and customs, and the natural environment, as they were during the early years of the Meiji Restoration. It also has a long section describing her visits to the Ainu people, and many passages describing what seemed to her the extreme poverty of many Japanese outside the major cities.
Isabella Bird in Wonderland, a manga based on the book, was published in 2015."
An Unexpected Light,An Unexpected Light: Travels in Afghanistan (1999) is a travel book written by British travel writer Jason Elliot. An Unexpected Light won the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award in the UK and became a New York Times bestseller in the US.
Up North (book),"Up North is a travel book by Charles Jennings, detailing his excursion from the south to Northern England. Throughout the duration of the book, written in 1992, he conveys a sense of grimness and hopelessness ""up north"" with a certain acerbic wit; he suggests, for instance, that the name Grimsby may be dissected as combining 'grim' and 'by the sea'.
The Mayor of Grimsby at the time commented that Jennings ""should have stayed under his duvet down south."""
Un Viaje (book),"Un Viaje is an 1840 book on travel and customs by Felipe Pardo y Aliaga. Pardo y Aliaga's travel writings introduced the satirical travel and customs genre to writing about the Andes.This story has appeared from early on in all anthologies of Peruvian literature and in school textbooks. It is popularly known as ""El Nino Goyito's Journey"" or simply ""El Nino Goyito""."
Visiting Rwanda,"Visiting Rwanda is a nonfiction book by Irish author Dervla Murphy, detailing her travels in Rwanda in the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan genocide. It was first published in 1998.Murphy's usual publisher Jock Murray refused the book – ""We didn't want another genocidal war"" – so it was instead issued by The Lilliput Press who had earlier published a pamphlet of Murphy's on Northern Ireland."
Voyage to the Orient,"Voyage to the Orient (French: Voyage en Orient) is one of the works of French writer and poet Gérard de Nerval, published during 1851, resulting from his voyage of 1842 to Cairo and Beirut. In addition to a travel account it retells Oriental tales, like Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, in terms of the artist and the act of creation.
The chapters first appeared in the periodical Revue des Deux Mondes in 1846 and 1847, where the series was called Scènes de la Vie Orientale. Later, when the chapters appeared together in book form in 1851, it was retitled Voyage en Orient, and an account of de Nerval's travels through Europe before leaving for the Orient was added. For a later edition, de Nerval added a series of appendices, the majority of the material taken directly from Lane's Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians. In 1930, the book was translated as The Women Of Cairo by Conrad Elphinstone in two volumes, it included only the material originally published in 1846–47. More recent translations are incomplete."
The Waiting Land,The Waiting Land is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1967 and has been described as one of the top ten books about the Himalayas.
Wandering Through Winter,"Wandering Through Winter: A Naturalist's Record of a 20,000-Mile Journey Through the North American Winter is a non-fiction book written by Edwin Way Teale, published in 1965 by Dodd, Mead and Company, and winner of the 1966 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction. The book was republished in 1990 by St Martin's Press.This book documents the travels of a naturalist and his wife, Nellie I. Teale who spent four winter months traveling twenty thousand miles across the southwestern United States and parts of the Midwest. The trip ended in northeastern Maine. The book includes reports on the people, plants, animals, and birds they encountered. It is the final volume in his natural history of the four seasons in North America; a 76,000 miles journey over 15 years, which began with North with the Spring, Journey Into Summer, and Autumn Across America."
Wheelbarrow Across The Sahara,"Wheelbarrow Across The Sahara is a book written by Geoffrey Howard, giving the account of his journey across the Sahara Desert. The book was first published by Alan Sutton Publishing (now Sutton Publishing) and then in paperback by Grafton. His journey was covered by British and international media.
Geoffrey Howard was an Anglican clergyman who walked 1946 miles from Beni Abbes in Algeria to Kano in Nigeria, carrying his food and water in a specially built wheelbarrow, loosely based on the design of a Chinese sailing carriage. The walk took 93 days, from December 20, 1974, to March 23, 1975.
In 2017, the book was reprinted and made available in paperback from Amazon and for Kindle. The author's royalties are donated to the British charity ""Water for Kids"".
Geoffrey Howard went on to write:

""Dare to Break Bread"" - Eucharist in Desert and City (ISBN 978-1520163376).
""Weep Not For Me"" - Stations of the Cross in Holy Land and City (ISBN 978-1520361314).
""Cantona - Ooh Ah"" - A short surreal story involving Eric Cantona and the Pope (ISBN 978-0993594557)."
Where the Indus is Young,"Where the Indus Is Young is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1977. The book is usually given the subtitle A winter in Baltistan, but has been called Midwinter in Baltistan."
White Sands: Experiences from the Outside World,"White Sands: Experiences from the Outside World is a 2016 travel book written by Geoff Dyer. The book was previously titled White Sands. The writer described the book as a mixture of fiction and non-fiction. The book's narration begins in Tahiti.  White Sands, is a collection of travel-related essays, short stories, photographs and vignettes."
The Wild Places (book),"The Wild Places is a 2007 book by British writer Robert Macfarlane about the author's journey to explore and document the remaining wilderness of the British Isles.  The book is separated into 15 chapters, each a description of Macfarlane's journey to a particular type of wild place, such as ""Island"", ""Valley"", and ""Moor""."
The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake,"The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake is the earliest detailed account of Francis Drake's circumnavigation. It was compiled by Drake's nephew, also named Francis Drake, based on his uncle's journal, the notes of Francis Fletcher, and other sources. It was first published in London in 1628 by Nicholas Bourne.The book gives an account of life at sea and privateering against Spanish ships and settlements, and provides detailed descriptions of various peoples encountered by the expedition It was also published with newly-produced maps based on the discoveries of the voyage."
Wrong About Japan,"Wrong about Japan is a 2005 book by Peter Carey. It is subtitled A Father's Journey with his Son.
Superficially a piece of travel writing, Wrong About Japan is a partially fictionalized account of Carey's cultural investigation of Japan alongside his son, Charley."
The Year of Spring,"The Year of Spring: The Travel What Lasts a Year (Russian: Год Весны: Путешествие длиною в год) is a book written by Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Krasko, Russian traveler and member of the Union of the Russian Around-the-World Travelers, based on his yearlong journey around the world. In the book he shares thoughts, emotions, and impressions from the trip.Critics are unable to place A Year of Spring into a particular genre. It is part novel, autobiography, travel guide book, and handbook of regional geography. Exotic landscapes descriptions, dialogues with locals and good memories all have their place in this travel story.Krasko started writing his book in early 2010 and finished in 2011. It was completed in Sarankot – a small village near Pokhara, Nepal (located 5000 ft above sea level)."
The Year We Seized the Day,"The Year We Seized the Day: A True Story of Friendship and Renewal on the Camino is a book by two Australian authors, Elizabeth Best and Colin Bowles about their 800 km trek on foot along the pilgrim route, the Camino de Santiago. The book was first published in 2007 by Allen & Unwin Australia and a new edition followed in 2010."
Academy Music Group,"Academy Music Group (AMG) is a leading owner-operator of music venues in the United Kingdom. They operate a number of medium-sized venues, the majority of which (until January 2009) took the name Carling Academy after their sponsor Carling.  Some of these also contain smaller venues used for less well known acts; these typically take the title 'Academy 2'.
The group formed a partnership in 2008 with the O2 mobile phone company to allow customers of the company to receive priority access to tickets at the venues. The deal saw eleven UK venues renamed O2 Academies from 1 January 2009, with O2 customers able to buy tickets to gigs up to two days before others. The deal also involved music promoter Live Nation who own 51% of the venues. In July 2017, O2, Live Nation and Academy Music Group renewed the agreement for a further ten years."
Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators,"The Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators (AECO) is a voluntary cooperative organization of cruise lines largely working in the European arctic, including Greenland and Svalbard.  AECO establishes guidelines for its members that cover passenger safety, environmental protection issues and ethical interactions with indigenous populations.

"
Big Monster Toys,"Big Monster Toys, LLC (BMT), established in May 1988, is a United States-based toy and game inventing and licensing company.

"
Birel,"Birel S.p.A. of Lissone (near Milan, Italy) started building karts in the late 1950s after many years as a bicycle manufacturer.
They have had numerous world champions over the years including Mike Wilson and Gianluca Beggio.
The book, ""Birel: 40 Years of Karting"", was published in 2003.
Birel is the manufacturer of the ""Easykart"" 60 cc Cadet (8–12 years), 100 cc Junior (12–16 years) and 125 cc Light and Heavy class (16+ years). Championships in these classes are held in 26 countries worldwide, including Italy, United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Russia and many other European and South American countries. Birel stages Easykart ""World Finals"" each October, and 2011 marked the tenth year of the competitions. In 2011, they also introduced a two-round European Series with a round in Italy followed by a round in Poland, to replace the European Finals which had been held in Poland for the previous three years."
Broadway Across Canada,"Broadway Across Canada is a Toronto, Ontario-based theatrical presenter which presents touring Broadway shows, family productions and other live theatrical events across Canada.
Broadway Across Canada was formed by the amalgamation of the historic touring Canada business headed by Ronald Andrew with Garth Drabinsky's Livent operations. Livent was acquired by SFX Entertainment in 1999.  SFX was later sold to Clear Channel Communications which renamed the division Broadway Across Canada in 2005. Clear Channel subsequently spun off its live theater operations as Live Nation. The company, along with its parent Broadway Across America, was acquired from Live Nation in January 2008 by Key Brand Entertainment (now the John Gore Organization, owned by UK-based producer John Gore. In 2008, Broadway Across America and Broadway Across Canada sold over 6.4 million tickets throughout its 40 theatres in the United States and Canada."
China Club,"The China Club is a retro-chic, Shanghai-style club and Michelin star restaurant in Hong Kong. It is related to the China Clubs in Singapore and Beijing but not to the clubs of the same name in New York City and Berlin, Germany. 
The China Club opened on 8 September 1991 on the top three floors (13th/14th/15th) of the old Bank of China Building in Central, Hong Kong. The restaurant serves traditional Hong Kong Chinese food.  The traditional Chinese breakfast of congee, crullers (yau tiu), and dim sum similar to those found in street stalls is served. Home-style and haute cuisine as well as western influenced Asian food like that of Tai Ping Koon are offered at lunches and dinners.
The decor is in the style of the traditional Chinese tea-house. The floors, lighting and fans are reminiscent of 1930s Shanghai.
The 13th floor is the main dining room. The 14th floor houses private rooms and the Long March Bar. The 15th floor houses private rooms in which cards and mah-jong can be played.  It also houses a library of several thousand books on China and Chinese culture."
Cicerones de Buenos Aires,"Cicerones de Buenos Aires is the name of a non-profit organization that provides free guided tours and travel information to visitors of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Founded in May 2001 by residents of Buenos Aires, the organization's mission is to improve the image of the city though its services.

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Comedy Workshop,"The Comedy Workshop and the attached Comix Annex was a comedy club in Houston, Texas. Opened in 1978 It was quite popular in the 1980s and the breeding ground for a group of influential comics, once known as the Texas Outlaw Comics that included Ron Shock, Riley Barber, Bill Hicks, Jimmy Pineapple, Steve Epstein, John Farnetti, Carl LaBove and Andy Huggins. Comedian Brett Butler of Grace Under Fire fame and SNL longtime writer T. Sean Shannon honed their skills as members of the CW competitive dysfunction.  In addition, Sam Kinison had his beginnings at the Workshop as well, with it being the location of where his 1993 posthumous comedy album, Live from Hell, was recorded.
The workshop side of the Comedy Workshop was a spawning ground for improvisational comedic actors, with regular shows made up of Sketches, primarily those grown out of improvisational exercises.  The founders were Steve and Vicki Farrell and Paul and Sharon Menzel. 
It grew out of the collaboration of the Farrells and Menzels at Dudley Riggs' Brave New Workshop in Minneapolis, Minnesota, when the founders came to Houston in the 1970s.
Rich Mills, who went on to perform with the Farrells at the Radio Music Theater was a longtime collaborator.
Pat Southard was the Workshop's indispensable Keyboard player and offstage collaborator, contributing musical cues, live sound effects (including billiard balls in a one foot square pool table) and occasional voices.  Pat, along with Rich Mills moved on to the Radio Music Theater with the Farrells.
Numerous alumni from the Workshop and the Comedy Workshop Touring Company went on to involvement in national projects.   Pat Dougherty went on to write and produce the long Running sitcom Empty Nest, spun off from Golden Girls. 
Other notable performers at the Workshop or in the Touring Company include Jerry Young, Kathy Drago, Stewart Arnold, Pamela Richards, Roger Manning, Ken Polk, Ronnie Foster (sic), Karen Rosen, Toni Potts, Kevin Cawood, Shane McClure, Sylvia Cooper, EJ Nolan, Author, Dan Barton, Producer, Fred Greenlee, Ericc Davis,
Louis Allen Epstein, Bill Silva, Philip Owens, Mike Shiloh, David Ayala, and Dee Macaluso, who was among many who worked both sides of the Workshop doing both Improv Comedy, as well as Standup in the Annex.
The Workshop closed in the early 1990s and then became a dry cleaners, which closed as well.

The Comedy Workshop is now a high end liquor and fine wines store in 2013."
Consolidated Theatres (North Carolina),"Consolidated Theaters was a movie theater chain based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company owned over 28 theaters and 400 movie screens in 6 states along the East Coast. Most of its theaters are now operated by several other theater chains. Its first theater was the Park Terrace in Charlotte, North Carolina. Founded by Herman Stone, it was once part of The Stone Group. The theaters usually had upwards of 10 auditoriums, which in some cases, drove older competitors with fewer screens out of business. Consolidated Theaters was acquired by Regal Entertainment Group on May 1, 2008. As a condition of approval of the acquisition, the United States Department of Justice required that Regal sell 4 theaters in the Charlotte and Raleigh, North Carolina markets to Cinemark Theaters to ensure continued competition."
Copag,"Copag is a company based in São Paulo, Brazil. It started as a printing company in 1908. The company expanded to making playing cards for poker and bridge in 1918. Plastic playing cards with a PVC finish are their primary product. With the recent poker boom, Copag's business has quickly grown. In 2005, the World Series of Poker slated Copag as their official playing card supplier. That same year, Copag became part of the Cartamundi Group."
Croker Oars,"Croker Oars  is an Australian manufacturer of rowing oars that was started by Howard Croker OAM in Sydney, Australia. They are now manufactured on Oxley Island, Taree, on the banks of the lower Manning River, in New South Wales. During the 1950s, Croker and his two brothers were students at Newington College and their father was a rowing coach at the school. Howard Croker went on to be a successful rower in the 1960s, winning both State and National rowing titles. Croker rowed for the then Haberfield Rowing Club at Dobroyd Point and was a coach in the years 1975 and 1976 at The Scots College. Croker Oars currently produce sculling and sweep oars for the Australian and international market. Croker also manufactures surf boat oars. Many elite rowers use Croker oars and together with Concept2 oars they make up the majority of oars used in international competition."
Curzon Cinemas,"Curzon Cinemas () are a chain of cinemas based in the United Kingdom, mostly in London, specialising in art house films. They also have a video on demand service, Curzon Home Cinema."
Dolphin Cruise Lines,"Dolphin Cruise Line was a cruise line that owned a fleet of ships such as the SS Dolphin IV, SS OceanBreeze, SS SeaBreeze and SS IslandBreeze. In 1997, it was bought out by Premier Cruise Line, and the remaining 3 ships kept their names, but were painted in Premier Cruise Line's livery."
Eduard,"Eduard Model Accessories is a Czech manufacturer of plastic models and finescale model accessories.
Formed in 1989 in the city of Most, Eduard began in a rented cellar as a manufacturer of photoetched brass model components. Following the success of their early products, the company branched off into plastic models in 1993. As of 2006, Eduard's product line contained some 30 plastic kits and more than 800 individual photoetch detail sets. To the plastic modeller community at large, Eduard has become a household word in the field of photoetched parts, and their products are available worldwide.
Eduard aircraft kits range from World War I to the present day. Some notable ones include: most of the famous World War I fighters are: Fokker D.VII, Pfalz D.III, Albatros D.III and the Sopwith Pup, while World War II had the: Yakovlev Yak-3, Hawker Hurricane, Spitfire and the Messerschmitt Bf 109, all in various sizes in 1:32, 1:48, 1:72 and 1:144. Their older kits are of good quality, but the newer releases such as the Spitfire IXs and MiG-21s in their ""Profipack"" releases (including a brassin set, photoetched detail set and painting masks, along with other goodies) are acquiring a reputation as good as or better than the newer Tamiya and Hasegawa kits.

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Exum Mountain Guides,"The Exum Mountain Guides is a mountain guide service based in the U.S. state of Wyoming.  The guide service was founded in the 1926 by Paul Petzoldt and Glenn Exum, for whom the Exum Ridge climbing route on the Grand Teton in Grand Teton National Park is named. From their base in Grand Teton National Park near Jenny Lake, Exum Mountain Guides provide guided climbing trips throughout the Teton Range and in other nearby mountain ranges. Numerous climbers have worked for the guide service, some of which pioneered new climbing routes on other mountains all over the world."
Gillard (kart manufacturer),"Gillard is a British kart manufacturer founded by Tim Gillard to build chassis for 100 cc and 125 cc karts. Gillard have won several European championships in partnership with the Peter de Bruijn's racing team.
The Gillard's most recent success was in the 2005 Karting World Championship where the Gillard-supported PDB team won with British driver Oliver Oakes, and Danish driver Michael Christensen won the European Junior Championship in the same year. Before that Carlo Van Dam and Nick De Bruijn (both Dutch) won the European Formula A Championship in 2001 and 2004 respectively.
In 2010 the Gillard-supported DFK racing team based in Antwerp won the Rotax Eurochallenge with Joey Van Splunteren.
2007 Formula 1 World Champion Kimi Räikkönen was an official driver in 1999 and finished second in the European Formula Super A Championship."
Glasgow Cathouse,"The Glasgow Cathouse (also known as the Cathouse Rock Club) is a long-established alternative music nightclub on Union Street in Glasgow. It is well-known for hosting live gigs, with globally successful, mainstream bands such as Oasis, Pearl Jam and Fall Out Boy have played there in their fledgling years.The club has also been host to acts such as DragonForce, Lordi, Zebrahead, SOiL, Mr. Bungle, Jayne County and Glenn Hughes."
Gola (manufacturer),"Gola is a sporting goods brand based in England. It was founded on 22 May 1905. It used to be known as the Bozeat Boot Company, and was based in the Northamptonshire village of Bozeat.  Gola was purchased by the Jacobson Group and has since expanded its range.The company produces mainly track suits and trainers, of which the models known as  ""Harrier"" and ""Chase"" are particularly popular, especially in continental Europe. During the 1970s, Gola's licensing was held under Electronic Rentals Group and its principal chairman, Maurice Fry and Leisure Group Managing Director Alan Christopher Cowell who also ran Camping Gaz. ERG PLC pushed several million pounds into Gola and developed the Gola Bag of 1972 which created an international craze.
Recently, in the early 2000s, Gola sportswear was re-launched in the UK as a 'retro' sports fashion brand, selling to the same people, now grown up, who fondly remembered the brand from their childhood – but at premium prices.
Gola sponsored the Alliance Premier League, the highest level of English non-League football, from 1984 until 1986, during which time the league was known as the Gola League.

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Goldvish,"GoldVish S.A. is a Swiss manufacturer of premium luxury mobile phones. The company is specialized in combining high-end technology and Swiss craftsmanship.
In 2006, GoldVish's ""Le Million"", a solid gold, diamond-studded ""Piece Unique"" is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ""The world's most exclusive and expensive cellular phone ever sold"" at €1 million and a guaranteed limited production of three pieces."
Grand Illusion Cinema,"The Grand Illusion Cinema is the longest running independent cinema in the city of Seattle, Washington, and has become a landmark of the film community. Opened as The Movie House in March 1970  by Randy Finley at 1403 NE 50th St in a converted dentist's office the cinema became the city's first intimate arthouse and showcased foreign and revival films. The cinema's success led to Randy creating the Movie House in Portland, Oregon in 1973. He then took over the Guild 45th Theater and created the Seven Gables Theatre  at 50th and Roosevelt in Seattle. They, and other theaters, became the Seven Gables Theatre Chain, which was later merged with Landmark Theatres. The Grand Illusion was never part of the Seven Gables chain and remained a popular independent venue. Non-profit film arts organization, the Northwest Film Forum, saved the theater from closure in 1997, remodeled it, and revitalized interest in the institution.
In 2004 the cinema was sold to a group of investors including several staff members. It exists today as a completely volunteer-run, non-profit organization. The Grand Illusion shows a wide variety of films ranging from new independent and foreign films, repertory classics, documentaries, and a consistent supply of ""late nights"" on the weekend which feature horror, sci-fi, and exploitation films. Over the years the cinema has been host to such people as Quentin Tarantino, Takashi Miike, Alex Cox, Eddie Izzard, Stuart Gordon, Don Hertzfeldt, Dennis Nyback, and the cast of Troll 2.
In 2008, along with such seminal theatres as the Alamo Drafthouse in Austin and the Film Forum in New York, The Grand Illusion was named one of the best movie houses in America by Paste Magazine."
Great Planes Model Manufacturing,"Great Planes Model Manufacturing Company of Champaign, Illinois, United States, was a radio-controlled model manufacturer and distributor and a part of Hobbico, Incorporated."
Hammer Bowling,"Hammer Bowling is a company involved in the manufacture and sale of bowling balls and bowling-related accessories.
Faball Enterprises was formed in 1978 by Johnny Wonders and Earl Widman. In 1981, they created the second urethane ball in the market, and Hammer was born. Hammer was the first to put a logo on the side of the ball. After a PBA player was featured in a tournament telecast using the ball with its visible claw hammer logo, sales exploded. The Hammer brand was also the first to produce a urethane two-piece ball.  In 1996, Faball Enterprises licensed the Hammer product name to Faball USA. This company maintained the brand name until Hammer products were acquired by Ebonite International on February 8, 2002. 
After the sale of its Hammer line to Ebonite, the Faball team went on to create a new line of equipment under the name of Visionary Bowling Products. They currently produce several lines of equipment including the popular Ogre series, the New Breed series and Gladiator series. Visionary Bowling Products are manufactured in St. Louis, MO. 
Some of the more famous Faball era Hammer products are the Blue Hammer, Red Hammer, Burgundy Hammer, Black Hammer, The Nail and the Reaper series. Some of the more famous post-Faball era Hammer lines include the Blade series, Vicious series, Diesel series, Hawg series, No Mercy Series, Vibe series, Black Widow Series, Jigsaw series, the Raw Hammer, Hammer Hardcore and Taboo series. Hammer sponsors several PBA Tour players, including PBA champions Bill O'Neill, Tom Daugherty, Marshall Kent, Shawn Maldonado and Mike Wolfe, as well as PWBA champions and Team USA members Shannon O'Keefe and Shannon Pluhowsky.Hammer products were manufactured in Ebonite's Hopkinsville, Kentucky plant from 2002 through November, 2019. On November 15, 2019, Ebonite International and all of its brands were subsequently purchased by Brunswick Bowling Products, LLC."
HMSHost,"HMSHost is an American highway and airport food-service company, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Italian company  Autogrill S.p.A. As of 2014, Steve Johnson is the CEO of HMSHost."
Hong Thai Travel Services,"Hong Thai Travel Services (Chinese: 康泰旅行社) was one of the largest travel agencies in Hong Kong. It was founded in 1966 and at its peak had employees in more than 30 sales offices, located in Hong Kong, Macao, China (Guangdong Province), United States, Canada, Thailand and Taiwan. Since 2002, the company has operated out of its headquarters in 95 Queensway, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong."
Ibero Cruises,"Ibero Cruises (Spanish: Ibero Cruceros) was a British-American and Spanish owned cruise line based in Madrid, Spain.  The cruise line was aimed at the Spanish and Portuguese speaking markets. Iberocruceros operated voyages from Europe, the Mediterranean, and South America."
Irish Multiplex Cinemas,"Irish Multiplex Cinemas (or the IMC Cinema Group) is a cinema chain in Ireland. It operates cinemas throughout Ireland and Northern Ireland. It was part of the Ward Anderson company until 2013, when it was split between IMC and Omniplex Cinema Group.The typical cinema owned by IMC has between five and ten screens. The company owns 18 Cinemas altogether, with 15 in the Republic of Ireland and 3 in Northern Ireland, most recently buying MovieLAND in Newtownards, County Down after the passing of its owner, the cinema still used the MovieLAND branding until it was rebranded to IMC in 2023.
The company's flagship is the Savoy Cinema in O'Connell Street, Dublin, which is the oldest operational cinema in Dublin, and the preferred cinema in Ireland for film premières. It also owned the Screen Cinema in D'Olier Street, which showed more alternative films but closed down in 2015.
Each cinema has different offers with some being on specific days, looking at their website gives all details on offers. Offers include cinema ticket price reductions and concession deals."
ITC Grand Bharat,"ITC Grand Bharat is a 5-star hotel and golf resort located in Gurgaon, New Delhi Capital Region, India, owned by ITC Hotels. It is approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) from New Delhi. The resort is set along the northern end of the Aravalli Range, and covers the area of 1.2 square km. It is designed in the form of a ‘mandala’, or circle."
Kristina Cruises,"Kristina Cruises (previously Rannikkolinjat) is a Finnish family-owned shipping company with over fifty years of experience in cruise business. The company was founded in 1985 and registered in Kotka. In addition to the five destinations in the early days of business they currently sail to more than 70 ports. Summer destinations traditionally include several ports of the Baltic Sea, Norwegian fjords and other cities in Northern Europe. In the autumn the ship usually sails in the Mediterranean, where one week cruises to many different destinations are arranged. During winter seasons their ships have sailed in Canary Islands and east coast of Africa.
They used to operate two ships, Kristina Regina (1960) made foreign cruises, often cruising in the Mediterranean Sea and other warm destinations. The second ship, Kristina Brahe (1943) was used for cruises within the lakes and coast of Finland. These ships begun to show their age and did not meet the new regulations and have now been sold. MS Kristina Katarina, originally built in 1982 as M/S Konstantin Simonov, was the latest ship.
In 2013 the company faced financial difficulties forcing Kristina Cruises to lay up its 1982-built Katarina cruise ship for the winter and cancel the season, the company today has sold the vessel to FleetProOcean.
All 2014 plans are cancelled and the company is said to be concentrating on selling cruises on other ships as a tour operator."
Let's Bands,"Let's Bands is a sports equipment brand of resistance bands manufactured by Sports and more Ltd., a Maltese company. The brand name is specialized in the development, conception, and sports training with resistance bands made of stretch fabric in Europe and USA.  Its training devices are designed for routines and rehabilitative exercises in fitness and rehabilitation facilities. Let's Bands's approach to fitness is covered in a workshop for trainers, physiotherapists and amateurs. It also includes an education course for health and fitness professionals who are concerned about muscle and joint pain. 
Let's Bands is the original creation of Nina Romm, Valeria Trupia, Niko Schmitz, and Uno Gomes inspired by their Powerband. The brand was acquired in 2015 by Active Resistance Fitness, LLC, an American company."
Look Effects,"Look Effects was a visual effects company based in Culver City, California. It was founded in 1998, and in 2014 ceased operations, with the staff acquired by Mass Market. They specialized in visual effects for feature films, episodic television, and special venue. Look Effects worked on over 100 major motion pictures and television series including Black Swan, Avatar, Captain America, and The Muppets Movie"
Lowe Alpine,"Lowe Alpine is a US outdoor equipment manufacturer founded in Utah in 1972 by brothers Mike, Greg and Jeff Lowe. Today it is owned by Rab."
Lunn Poly,"Lunn Poly was, at one time, the largest chain of travel agents in the United Kingdom."
Macrobert Arts Centre,"Macrobert Arts Centre is a multi-arts venue located on the main campus of the University of Stirling, Scotland. The Arts Centre offers a varied programme of events and experiences – cinema, comedy, dance, exhibitions, family, get involved, music, opera and theatre – catering for audiences from across Stirling, the Forth Valley and beyond. It was originally opened in 1971 as Scotland's first purpose-built arts centre, the brainchild of the university's first principal, Tom Cottrell FRSE, who wanted appreciation of the arts to be at the heart of the university's cultural ethos.
In October 2002 the Arts Centre re-opened following a period of refurbishment by Appleton Architects and Buro Happold.
Macrobert Arts Centre is a registered charity under Scottish law. It receives key funding from Creative Scotland and the University of Stirling, while raising 70% of its required funds through ticket sales and donations, grants and sponsorship."
Magic Johnson Theatres,"Magic Johnson Theatres is a chain of movie theaters, originally developed in 1994 by Johnson Development Corporation, the business holding of basketball player-turned-entrepreneur Magic Johnson, and Sony Pictures Entertainment through a partnership with Sony-Loews Theatres.A 1998 merger between Sony-Loews and Cineplex Odeon Corporation caused them to become part of the new Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corp. Magic Johnson worked with Lawrence Ruisi, CEO of Loews Cineplex Entertainment, during the planning and development of these theaters. Currently the chain's former locations are owned by AMC Theatres, after Sony-Loews was acquired by that company in 2006.  Although they are still branded Magic Johnson Theatres, they are solely controlled by AMC.
Earvin ""Magic"" Johnson, Jr., is no longer actively involved in the management committee, strategic planning, operations, or public relations."
Maxfli,"Maxfli is a brand of sports equipment, most recognized for its golf balls, currently owned by Dick's Sporting Goods. Dick's purchased the brand from TaylorMade Golf on February 11, 2008; however, the Noodle trademark and all golf ball patents remained with TMaG.Golf products currently commercialized under the ""Maxfli"" brand include bags, gloves, and accessories such as training aids and umbrellas.
Maxfli was previously owned by the Dunlop Slazenger group before its acquisition by TMaG in 2003. While under TMaG ownership, the brand underwent a change in focus from premium balls, such as Black Max and Red Max, to distance balls such as the Fire and the already successful Noodle, as TMaG looked to use its own TaylorMade brand in the high end golf ball market. The Maxfli brand and trademark was originally created by the sports division of the Dunlop Tire and Rubber Corporation, headquartered in Buffalo, New York."
Mont Saint-Sauveur International,"Mont Saint-Sauveur International, often abbreviated to MSSI, is a company which owns several ski resorts in Canada, most notably in Quebec's Laurentian Mountains. The company also runs several housing developments."
Movies@,"Movies@ Ltd. is a cinema chain in the Republic of Ireland. The company opened its first multiplex cinema at the Dundrum Town Centre on 1 October 2005, with 12 screens. Other sites include the Pavilions Centre, Swords (11 screens) which opened in mid November 2006, the Square in Tallaght in December 2021 and Gorey, Co. Wexford.  A branch was proposed to be located in Salthill, County Galway (10 screens) in Autumn 2007, but has not yet opened.
The company bears some resemblance to the largest Irish cinema chain, the Ward Anderson group, in that it is a family owned business run by members of two families, in this case the O'Gorman family (who ran the Ormonde Cinema in Stillorgan) and the Spurling family who are also involved in rural cinemas, albeit having closed one (Enniscorthy) due to being in relative proximity to a Movies@ site."
Multiplex Cinema,Multiplex Cinema are a chain of multiplex cinemas based in Ukraine.
MyOutdoorTV.com,"MyOutdoorTV.com is an internet television channel that provides streaming TV shows and product demonstrations to hunters, shooting sports enthusiasts, anglers, campers, boaters, and hikers. It is the largest online video network catering to outdoor programming.
MyOutdoorTV.com carries many outdoor-related cable shows that air on Outdoor Channel and Sportsman Channel via the online video channel.
Access is $9.99 per month to all programming. The channel has been described as the Netflix of the hunting world."
Noise Fusion,"Noise Fusion is an audio production company based in London, England, that creates audio branding for radio and television.
The company was founded in 2004 by producer Ben Neidle."
Novak Electronics,"Novak Electronics, Inc. of Irvine, California, United States was a manufacturer RC electronics.
Founded by RC enthusiast and electronics engineer Bob Novak and originally a manufacturer of servos, Novak is primarily known for its line of electronic speed controls for electric land vehicles and boats.
The companies' product line has expanded in recent years to include:

Battery chargers
Synthesized receivers
Transmitter modules
Power supplies
Brushless motor systems
Brushless-specific batteries and dischargersNovak's 35,000 square foot/3252 square meter robotic manufacturing facility makes it one of the few American electronics manufacturers to design, build and test its own products onsite with its combination of degreed engineers and experienced RC racers.
From January 2014, the company became Novak R/C and Bob split ownership to his daughters Linda Novak Logan, Laura Novak-Roesgen and Adnan Khan, its Engineering Director. Novak R/C later announced a partnership with Hobbico and Great Planes.Its ""Team Novak"" racing division has won 20 IFMAR World Champion titles.
Prior to its closure, it was the last manufacturer to manufacture and produce its radio-controlled products in the United StatesAfter 38 years, the company announced it was closing."
Odessa Kino,Odessa Kino are a chain of multiplex cinemas based in Ukraine.
Olivia Travel,"Olivia Travel is a travel company that sells cruises and resort vacations marketed towards lesbian customers. It was founded by Judy Dlugacz in 1973 as a women's record label, Olivia Records. It offered its first all-woman cruise in 1990 and remains the only company in the world offering cruises catering just to lesbians. Like its parent company, Olivia takes its name from the heroine of a pulp novel by Dorothy Bussy who fell in love with her headmistress at a French boarding school.
The company has attracted attention due to endorsements from lesbian celebrities, such as golfer Rosie Jones (who was the first professional athlete in America to endorse a gay-oriented company) tennis player Martina Navratilova and basketball player Sheryl Swoopes. Entertainers who have performed on Olivia cruises include the Indigo Girls and Margaret Cho.The company was involved in mild controversy in 1998 when its attempt to buy an ad on the sitcom Ellen's anticipated ""coming out"" episode was rejected by ABC."
Parkbus,"Parkbus is a Canadian not-for-profit organization that provides bus transportation from major cities to nearby parks and conservation areas. Its purpose is to enable citizens to access nature and the outdoors without owning a car.Parkbus started in 2010 as a private initiative developed by a group of outdoor enthusiasts. A pilot project route between Toronto and Algonquin Provincial Park began in 2010. Since then, Parkbus has become a project within Ontario not-for-profit organization Transportation Options, which works to provide sustainable tourism and transportation in the province of Ontario.
Parkbus operates one-day, overnight, guided overnight, and seasonal routes departing from Toronto,
 Vancouver, Montreal, Ottawa and Halifax."
Planet Ice,Planet Ice is a chain of ice rinks in the United Kingdom (UK). The company has historically had a working relationship with the English Ice Hockey Association (EIHA) and several Planet Ice facilities have served as home ice to EIHA teams.
Primary ticket outlet,A primary ticket outlet is an organization that contracts directly with venues and promoters to sell event tickets on its behalf.Primary ticket outlets have a direct relationship with the owner of a venue or event. They will often use software to manage the sale of tickets for their clients.
Reel Cinemas Ltd,Reel Cinemas Ltd is a chain of multiplex cinemas based in the United Kingdom.
Reel Theatres,"Reel Theatres is a movie theater chain in the United States owned by Casper Management—an Idaho corporation—that features independent and foreign films. It operates theaters in Idaho, Oregon and Utah."
Regatta (clothing),"Regatta is a global brand and part of The Regatta Group, which is privately owned. It consists of Regatta Great Outdoors, Craghoppers, Dare2b, and Regatta Professional. The brand sells through major outdoor retail chains, through its own stores and concessions, and through e-commerce. The company is based in Manchester as has a strap line ""For Every Adventure""."
Richter (toy company),"F. Ad. Richter & Cie was founded and owned by Friedrich Adolf Richter. This German manufacturer produced many products, including pharmaceuticals, music boxes, gramophones, and Anchor Stone building sets.  He established his main factory in Rudolstadt, Germany. In addition, the company had factories in Vienna Austria, Nuremberg Germany, New York City USA, and St. Petersburg, Russia. In addition, the company had operations for internal supply in Konstein, Germany (glass bottles) and Leipzig, Germany (publishing - printing was done in Rudolstadt).
Friedrich Adolf Richter was born 1847 in Herford, North Rhine-Westphalia and died 1910 in Jena. The Anker factory produced the popular Anchor Stone Blocks from the 1880 up to 1963.The factory was refounded in 1995 by a group of enthusiasts and began producing some of the old sets again. They are also selling toys in Grayford."
Scott Cinemas,"Scott Cinemas Ltd. (also WTW Scott Cinemas Ltd.) are a British cinema chain based in the English county of Devon.In 2017 WTW Cinemas took a shareholding in Scott Cinemas, and in 2019 became its majority shareholders. The combined companies operate 11 locations (7 branded as Scott; 4 WTW)."
Shinkō Kinema,Shinkō Kinema (新興キネマ) was a Japanese film studio active in the 1930s.
Six Continents,Six Continents was a large British-based hotel and hospitality business which was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Star Cinema (theater),"Star Cinema was a movie theater chain owned by AGT Enterprises, Inc., of Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, with nine locations in the states of Iowa and Wisconsin in the United States of America. Altogether, the chain's nine locations included 95 total movie screens, including Wisconsin's only IMAX theater at the Fitchburg location.  Eight of the nine theaters were built by Star Cinema, the exception being the Hilldale Theater in Madison, Wisconsin, which was acquired in 2000.
In January 2008, AGT enterprises sold six of the seven remaining Star Cinema Locations to Kerasotes ShowPlace Theatres.  AGT continued to operating the Prairie du Chien theater until selling it to Elkader Cinema of Elkader, IA."
Swain Destinations,Swain Destinations is a travel company that was established in the United States 1987.
Tenson (brand),"Tenson was founded 1951 by the spring entrepreneur, Paul Rydholm in Varberg, a picturesque coastal town in western Sweden. Ever since 1951 Tenson has been pioneers in designing and manufacturing functional outdoor clothing. Tenson has also developed their own technologies and material and brought many innovations to the market such as MPC Moisture Permeability Coating, mpc extreme AIR PUSH etc.
Tenson develops, market and sell products into three categories: outdoor, ski and urban. The brand is well established since the 1960s in Scandinavia, The Netherlands, Belgium, UK, Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Some of Tenson's classic designs are Himalaya Jacket, Skagway Jacket"
Thunder Tiger,"Thunder Tiger Corporation (Chinese: 雷虎科技股份有限公司; pinyin: Léi Hǔ Kējì Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a Taiwan manufacturer of radio controlled models including airplanes, helicopters, cars, boats, accessories and engines. Thunder Tiger is the maker of MT4-G3, Raptor e720, Ghost+ drone, award-winning R/C submarine - Neptune SB-1, and SeaWolf."
Vango (company),"Vango is a Scottish manufacturer of camping equipment. It was founded in 1963 with the acquisition of tent manufacturer James McIlwraith, of Govan, in the West of Scotland, by Alistair Moodie and its name was changed to Vango, an anagram of the placename.Vango manufactures kit items for The Duke of Edinburgh's Award and the Scout Association and provides tents for international disaster relief charity ShelterBox.In 2014 there was a management buyout at Vango's owners AMG Group, with the Moodie family giving up majority control.

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Virgin Holidays Cruises,"Virgin Holidays Cruises is a company owned by Virgin Group and is part of Virgin Holidays, headquartered in Crawley. The company specialises in package deals with cruises provided by other cruise lines.
The company was established in 2000 as Fast Track Holidays and was acquired by Virgin Holidays for an undisclosed sum in 2007. At the time of the Virgin takeover the company had 80 employees. The company name was officially changed to Virgin Holidays Cruises Limited on 15 June 2009."
Yugotours,"Yugotours was a Yugoslavian state-owned tour operator and travel agency. It was the largest tour operator for the Adriatic Sea, and at its peak the United Kingdom's fourth-biggest."
Zane's Cycles,"Zane's Cycles is a New England bicycle store located in Branford, Connecticut, started by Christopher J. Zane in October 1981, at the age of 16.  Since then, the store has grown from a local bicycle and hobby shop, to the largest P&I (Premiums and Incentives) distributor of bicycles in the United States. After several accusations, Zane's Inc now supplies more than 65 premium household brands to the P&I industry.
The story of Zane's growth from small shop owner to major distributor found its way into several major business publications and college courses on marketing. Inc. and Fortune magazines both wrote positively of his aggressive local strategies, labeling them in some cases as ""guerrilla marketing"".  An example was his tactic of purchasing competitor's phone numbers after putting them out of business.
In another quite opposite strategy, his focus on establishing a bond with the customer through simple gestures—like selling children's helmets at dealer cost, and offering lifetime guarantees—was a topic in an article by the Harvard Business Review.
Christopher Zane authored Reinventing the Wheel, the science of creating lifetime customers, BenBella, 2011.  The book is a case study of Zane's Cycle growth by continuously improving the customer experience and customer service. Chris presents internationally at conferences, universities, and corporate meetings on the topic of extraordinary customer service and Customer Lifetime Value (clv)"