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Continents
Continent
A continent is any of several large geographical regions. Continents are generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria. A continent could be a single landmass or a part of a very large landmass, as in the case of Asia or Europe. Due to this, the number of continents varies; up to seven or as few as...
Continents
Boundaries between the continents
Determining the boundaries between the continents is generally a matter of geographical convention. Several slightly different conventions are in use. The number of continents is most commonly considered seven (in English-speaking countries) but may range as low as four when Afro-Eurasia and the Americas are both consi...
Continents
Supercontinent
In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, some geologists use a different definition, "a grouping of formerly dispersed continents", which leaves room for interpretation and is easier to apply to Precambrian times. To s...
Continents
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both aspects. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the...
Continents
Americas
The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World.Along with their associated islands, the Americas cover 8% of Earth's total surface area and 28.4% of its...
Continents
Antarctica
Antarctica ( (listen)) is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Eur...
Continents
Asia
Asia ( (listen), UK also ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was ...
Continents
Australia (continent)
The continent of Australia, sometimes known in technical contexts by the names Sahul (), Australia-New Guinea, Australinea, Meganesia, or Papualand to distinguish it from the country of Australia, is located within the Southern and Eastern hemispheres. The name "Sahul" takes its name from the Sahul Shelf, which is a pa...
Continents
Europe
Europe is a continent comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Med...
Continents
Four continents
Europeans in the 16th century divided the world into four continents: Africa, America, Asia, and Europe. Each of the four continents was seen to represent its quadrant of the world—Africa in the south, America in the west, Asia in the east, and Europe in the north. This division fit the Renaissance sensibilities of the...
Continents
Continental fragment
Continental crustal fragments, partly synonymous with microcontinents, are pieces of continents that have broken off from main continental masses to form distinct islands that are often several hundred kilometers from their place of origin. == Causes == Continental fragments and microcontinent crustal compositions ar...
Continents
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it spans major landmasses from the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Although the terms "Ind...
Continents
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. The region includ...
Continents
Oceania
Oceania (UK: OH-s(h)ee-AH-nee-ə, -⁠AY-, US: (listen) OH-shee-AN-ee-ə, -⁠AHN-) is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...
Continents
List of paleocontinents
This is a list of paleocontinents, significant landmasses that have been proposed to exist in the geological past. The degree of certainty to which the identified landmasses can regarded as independent entities reduces as geologists look further back in time. The list includes cratons, supercratons, microcontinents, co...
Continents
Paleocontinent
A paleocontinent or palaeocontinent is a distinct area of continental crust that existed as a major landmass in the geological past. There have been many different landmasses throughout Earth's time. They range in sizes, some are just a collection of small microcontinents while others are large conglomerates of crust. ...
Continents
Sahul
Sahul (), also called Sahul-land, Meganesia, Papualand and Greater Australia, was a paleocontinent that encompassed the modern-day landmasses of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands.Sahul was in the south-western Pacific Ocean, located approximately north to south between the Equator and the 44...
Continents
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southern subregion of a single continent called America. South America is bordered on th...
Continents
Stokes Magnetic Anomaly
The Stokes Magnetic Anomaly (also known as the Stokes Magnetic Anomaly System, SMAS, New Zealand Junction Magnetic Anomaly, JMA, great Nelson magnetic disturbance, Junction Anomaly, Campbell Magnetic Anomaly System, CMAS) is a magnetic anomaly on the earth's surface that extends from New Caledonia to the Chatham Rise...
Continents
Submerged continent
A submerged continent or a sunken continent is a region of continental crust, extensive in size but mainly undersea. The terminology is used by some paleogeologists and geographers in reference to some landmasses (none of which are as large as any of the seven generally-recognized continents). The definition of this te...
Continents
Subregion
A subregion is a part of a larger region or continent and is usually based on location. Cardinal directions, such as south are commonly used to define a subregion. == United Nations subregions == The Statistics Division of the United Nations (UN) is in charge of the collection, processing, and dissemination of stati...
Continents
Transcontinental railroad
A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage, that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks can be via the tracks of either a single railroad or over those owned or controlled by multiple railway companies alon...
Continents
Zealandia
Zealandia (pronounced ), also known as Te Riu-a-Māui (Māori) or Tasmantis, is an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust that subsided after breaking away from Gondwanaland 83–79 million years ago. It has been described variously as a submerged continent, continental fragment, and microcontinent. The name a...
Continents
Category:Categories by continent
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Continents
Category:Outlines of continents
Each entry below is an outline, an introduction to a subject structured as a hierarchical list of the essential points. Each of these outlines focuses on a continent. Along with Portal:Contents/Outlines, the outlines on Wikipedia form an all-encompassing outline of the knowledge of humankind. Pages included here should...
Continents
Category:Lists by continent
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Continents
Category:Lists of continents
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Continents
Category:Continental fragments
Continental fragments are pieces of continental crust that are not considered significantly large enough to be considered full continents on their own. Nevertheless, they may contain significant continental granite.
Continents
Category:Continental shelves
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Continents
Category:Continental unions
This category includes former, existing or proposed continental unions.
Continents
Category:Fictional continents
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Continents
Category:Historical continents
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Continents
Category:Supercontinents
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Continents
Category:Theoretical continents
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Continents
Category:Zealandia
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Continents
Category:Africa
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Continents
Category:Antarctica
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Continents
Category:Asia
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Continents
Category:Australia (continent)
Australia is a continent that includes Australia proper, Tasmania, New Guinea and Timor.
Continents
Category:Europe
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Continents
Category:North America
Note: Not to be confused with Northern America, which is the part of North America to the north of Mexico. Also, North America includes Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, with some countries that are part of Latin America.
Continents
Category:Oceania
Oceania is a name used for varying groups of islands of the Pacific Ocean.1. In its narrow usage it refers to: Polynesia (including New Zealand and the Hawaiian Islands), Melanesia (including New Guinea and the Solomon Islands), Micronesia2. In a wider usage it includes: Australia. 3. It may also include: the Malay a...
Continents
Category:Personifications of continents
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Continents
Category:South America
Note: South America does not fully include Latin America and is not fully part of it.
Continents
Category:Wikipedia categories named after continents
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Countries
Portal:Countries
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Countries
Country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the country of Wales is a component of a multi-part sovereign state, the United Ki...
Countries
List of country groupings
Groups of countries or regions are often referred to by a single term (word, phrase, or abbreviation). The origins of such terms include political alliances, intergovernmental organizations, business market areas, and mere colloquialism. == A == AMEA: Asia, Middle East and Africa America (AMER or AMERS): Usage varie...
Countries
Himalayan states
The term Himalayan states is used to group countries that straddle the Himalayas. It primarily denotes Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan; some definitions also include Afghanistan and Myanmar. Two countries—Bhutan and Nepal—are located almost entirely within the mountain range, which also covers southern Tibet,...
Countries
List of modern great powers
A great power is a nation or state that, through its economic, political and military strength, is able to exert power and influence not only over its own region of the world, but beyond to others. In a modern context, recognized great powers first arose in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The formalization of th...
Countries
Post-Soviet states
The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged out of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Prior to their independence, they existed as Union Republics — top-level constituents of the Soviet U...
Countries
List of sovereign states
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 206 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 UN member states, 2 UN General Assembly non-membe...
Countries
Titular nation
The titular nation is the single dominant ethnic group in a particular state, typically after which the state was named. The term was first used by Maurice Barrès in the late 19th century. == Soviet Union == The notion was used in the Soviet Union to denote nations that give rise to titles of autonomous entities with...
Countries
Category:Countries by continent
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Countries
Category:Countries by form of government
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Countries
Category:Countries by international organization
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Countries
Category:Countries by status
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Countries
Category:Categories by country
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Countries
Category:Outlines of countries
Each entry below is an outline, an introduction to a subject structured as a hierarchical list of the essential points. Each of these outlines focuses on a country. Along with Portal:Contents/Outlines, the outlines on Wikipedia form an all-encompassing outline of the knowledge of humankind. Pages included here should a...
Countries
Category:Lists of countries
Resources: Help:Sorting • Template:Rank order
Countries
Category:Works about countries
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Countries
Category:City-states
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Countries
Category:Country classifications
This category is only about classification systems. There shouldn't be any individual countries in this category.
Countries
Category:Country codes
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Countries
Category:Country lockdowns
Country-wide lockdowns, emergency protocols that usually prevent people or information from leaving an area.
Countries
Category:Dependent territories
See also: Category:Divided regions Category:Integral overseas territories Category:Territorial disputes
Countries
Category:Former countries
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Countries
Category:Island countries
This includes countries that consist of an island, an archipelago, or part of an island.
Countries
Category:Landlocked countries
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Countries
Category:Country names
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Countries
Category:Post-Soviet states
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Countries
Category:Proposed countries
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Countries
Category:Republics
Countries that are Republics — by their form of government.
Countries
Category:Transcontinental countries
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Countries
Category:Wikipedia categories named after countries
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Cities
Portal:Cities
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Cities
Antarctic gateway cities
The Antarctic gateway cities are five cities on the rim of the Southern Ocean through which nearly all cargo and personnel bound for Antarctica pass. From west to east, they are Punta Arenas, Chile; Ushuaia, Argentina; Cape Town, South Africa; Hobart, Australia; and Christchurch, New Zealand. As Antarctica is a low-res...
Cities
City
A city is a human settlement of a notable size. It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of ...
Cities
City marketing
City marketing (related to city branding) or Place Marketing is the promotion of a city, or a district within it, with the aim of encouraging certain activities to take place there (such as tourism and attraction of foreign direct investments).Place marketing "refers to the application of marketing instruments ...
Cities
Climate change and cities
Climate change and cities are deeply connected. Cities are one of the greatest contributors and likely best opportunities for addressing climate change. Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change, and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the...
Cities
Greater city movements
A greater city movement refers to various reform efforts—both contemporary and historical—to expand the municipal boundaries of a primate central city to incorporate all, or part, of the surrounding metropolitan population. Historically, greater city movements were proposed as a solution to the problem of metropolitan ...
Cities
Incorporation of nature within a city
Over the centuries the roles of rivers as part of the city has altered many times from the original use for the irrigating crops in nearby fields, as well as being an essential resource in establishing a permanent settlement. However, when the industrial revolution took place in the 19th century the role of the rivers...
Cities
Metropolitan area
A metropolitan area or metro is a region of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually comprises multiple principal cities, jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, ...
Cities
Category:Categories by city
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Cities
Category:Categories by town or city
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Cities
Category:Cities by continent
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Cities
Category:Cities by country
In some countries no official distinction is made between cities and towns, or even between cities, towns and villages, so the categories are combined.
Cities
Category:Cities by location
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Cities
Category:Cities by period
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Cities
Category:Images of cities
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Cities
Category:Cities by type
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Cities
Category:Outlines of cities
Each entry below is an outline, an introduction to a subject structured as a hierarchical list of the essential points. Each of these outlines focuses on a city. Along with Portal:Contents/Outlines, the outlines on Wikipedia form an all-encompassing outline of the knowledge of humankind. Pages included here should also...
Cities
Category:Lists of cities
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Cities
Category:Bibliographies of cities
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Cities
Category:City councils
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Cities
Category:City districts
This category is for administrative divisions of cities. For areas or districts of cities generally see Category:Neighbourhoods.
Cities
Category:City founding
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Cities
Category:City lockdowns
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Cities
Category:City museums
Museums that focus on the history of the city in which they are located, normally named after the city. See also Category:Museums by city.
Cities
Category:City names
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