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Dengue fever affects over a 100 million people annually hence is one of the world's most important vector-borne diseases . The transmission area of this disease continues to expand due to many direct and indirect factors linked to urban sprawl , increased travel and global warming . Current preventative measures includ... | Despite mass vaccination campaigns and large scaled improvements in global surveillance , infectious diseases are a worldwide problem . In recent years , the ability to use models as a tool to help visualize , understand and combat infectious diseases has become more feasible and reliable . In this context , modelling ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"population",
"modeling",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dengue",
"fever",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"spatial",
"epid... | 2012 | Surveillance of Dengue Fever Virus: A Review of Epidemiological Models and Early Warning Systems |
Bangladesh has made significant progress towards elimination of visceral leishmaniasis , and is on track to achieve its target of less than one case per 10 , 000 inhabitants in each subdistrict in 2017 . As the incidence of disease falls , it is likely that the political capital and financial resources dedicated toward... | In this article , we examine the challenges of eliminating visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh from a policy perspective . Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality , but recent efforts in Bangladesh , India and Nepal ( the countries that used to have two-t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"The",
"policy",
"landscape",
"in",
"visceral",
"leishmaniasis",
"Policy",
"priorities",
"for",
"the",
"consolidation",
"and",
"maintenance",
"phases"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"health",
"services",
"research",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"health",
"services",
"administration",
"and",
"man... | 2017 | Sustaining visceral leishmaniasis elimination in Bangladesh – Could a policy brief help? |
Hypermutation may accelerate bacterial evolution in the short-term . In the long-term , however , hypermutators ( cells with an increased rate of mutation ) can be expected to be at a disadvantage due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations . Therefore , in theory , hypermutators are doomed to extinction unless th... | Some bacteria and eukaryotic cells produce a higher-than-normal number of mutations ( so-called “mutators” ) . Because some of the mutations produced can be favorable ( such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria or resistance to anticancer drugs in human tumor cells ) , the high mutation rate may provide a short-term ad... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | A MATE-Family Efflux Pump Rescues the Escherichia coli 8-Oxoguanine-Repair-Deficient Mutator Phenotype and Protects Against H2O2 Killing |
Ixodes ticks are major vectors for human pathogens , such as Borrelia burgdorferi , the causative agent of Lyme disease . Tick saliva contains immunosuppressive molecules that facilitate tick feeding and B . burgdorferi infection . We here demonstrate , to our knowledge for the first time , that the Ixodes scapularis s... | Upon attachment of the tick , the host elicits both innate and adaptive immune responses directed against the vector . In turn , ticks have developed countermeasures to withstand and evade host immune responses . In the current paper we demonstrate how a tick salivary protein induces immunosuppression of human dendriti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"arthropods",
"in",
"vitro",
"immunology",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2008 | Salp15 Binding to DC-SIGN Inhibits Cytokine Expression by Impairing both Nucleosome Remodeling and mRNA Stabilization |
Wild birds , particularly duck species , are the main reservoir of influenza A virus ( IAV ) in nature . However , knowledge of IAV infection dynamics in the wild bird reservoir , and the development of immune responses , are essentially absent . Importantly , a detailed understanding of how subtype diversity is genera... | Influenza A viruses ( IAV ) infect a range of hosts , with the largest diversity being found in waterfowl , particularly dabbling ducks . In these hosts , IAV causes only mild disease , while viruses that infect other hosts , such as poultry , horses or humans , can cause fatal infections . In fact , all known pandemic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"viral",
"evolution",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"wildlife",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",
"virology",
"veterinary",
"virology",
"co-infections",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"veterinary",
"science",
"immune",
"response",
"animal",
"influenza"
] | 2013 | Heterosubtypic Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infections in Mallards May Explain Existence of Multiple Virus Subtypes |
Spatial patterning of gene expression is a key process in development , yet how it evolves is still poorly understood . Both cis- and trans-acting changes could participate in complex interactions , so to isolate the cis-regulatory component of patterning evolution , we measured allele-specific spatial gene expression ... | Connecting changes in gene regulatory sequences to changes in expression remains an open problem in biology . Measuring allele-specific expression in interspecific F1 hybrids is a powerful way to identify genes with differential cis-regulation , since both parental copies are exposed to the same trans-regulatory enviro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"invertebrates",
"gene",
"regulation",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysi... | 2018 | Spatially varying cis-regulatory divergence in Drosophila embryos elucidates cis-regulatory logic |
Regulated secretion by glands and neurons involves release of signalling molecules and enzymes selectively concentrated in dense-core granules ( DCGs ) . Although we understand how many secretagogues stimulate DCG release , how DCG biogenesis is then accelerated to replenish the DCG pool remains poorly characterised . ... | Glands and neurons concentrate and store the signals that they secrete in dense-core granules ( DCGs ) . They are released in response to the appropriate stimulus in a regulated fashion . Since release rate varies with the level of stimulation , it must be matched to DCG biogenesis to replenish the DCG pool rapidly aft... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"physiological",
"processes",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"specimen",
"preparation",
"and",
"treatment",
"... | 2016 | Regulation of Dense-Core Granule Replenishment by Autocrine BMP Signalling in Drosophila Secondary Cells |
Motivation exerts control over behavior by eliciting Pavlovian responses , which can either match or conflict with instrumental action . We can overcome maladaptive motivational influences putatively through frontal cognitive control . However , the neurocomputational mechanisms subserving this control are unclear; doe... | The anticipation of reward and punishment are key drivers of behavior: we tend to take action for rewards while holding back in the face of punishment . This motivational bias might have an overall evolutionary advantage but can also work against us in specific situations . Here , we first asked whether this motivation... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"prefrontal",
"cortex",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"brain",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"signaling",
"networks",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"cognitive",
"psych... | 2018 | Frontal network dynamics reflect neurocomputational mechanisms for reducing maladaptive biases in motivated action |
Sri Lanka has a population of 21 million and about 80 , 000 snakebites occur annually . However , there are limited data on health seeking behavior following bites . We investigated the effects of snakebite and envenoming on health seeking behavior in Sri Lanka . In a community-based island-wide survey conducted in Sri... | Sri Lanka has a high incidence of snakebite with 80 , 000 bites occurring annually in a population of 21 million . However , there are very limited data on health seeking behaviour following bites . We undertook a community based island-wide survey in Sri Lanka during 2012–2013 and surveyed 165 , 665 individuals living... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"health",
"care",
"animal",
"behavior",
"behavioral",
"geography",
"... | 2017 | Health seeking behavior following snakebites in Sri Lanka: Results of an island wide community based survey |
The dispersal patterns of mosquito vectors are important drivers of vector-borne infectious disease dynamics and understanding movement patterns is pivotal to devise successful intervention strategies . Here , we investigate the dispersal patterns of two globally important mosquito vectors , Aedes albopictus and Culex ... | Resolving patterns of mosquito dispersal across landscapes is a critical step toward the development of effective control strategies that mitigate vector-borne disease transmission and its public health burden . Here , we used a recently developed technique involving the enrichment of aquatic larval habitat with stable... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"united",
"states",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"particle",
"physics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"north",
"america",
"texas",
"atoms",
"photography",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"composite",... | 2017 | Dispersal of male and female Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes using stable isotope enrichment |
Signals modulating the production of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) virulence factors essential for establishing long-term persistent infection are unknown . The WhiB3 redox regulator is known to regulate the production of Mtb virulence factors , however the mechanisms of this modulation are unknown . To advance ou... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) is responsible for the estimated 1 . 8 million people with tuberculosis . One of the reasons for the success of this pathogen is its ability to modulate the immune system and establish a persistent infection . The manner whereby the mycobacterium senses the environment and modulates t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"pulmonology",
"physi... | 2017 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis arrests host cycle at the G1/S transition to establish long term infection |
The ideal spatial scale , or granularity , at which infectious disease incidence should be monitored and forecast has been little explored . By identifying the optimal granularity for a given disease and host population , and matching surveillance and prediction efforts to this scale , response to emergent and recurren... | Influenza , or the flu , causes significant morbidity and mortality during both seasonal and pandemic outbreaks . Recently developed influenza forecast systems have the potential to aid public health planning for and mitigation of the burden of this disease . However , current forecasts are often generated at spatial s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"influenza",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"neighborhoods",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"network",
"analysis",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"humidity",
"human",
"geog... | 2016 | Forecasting Influenza Outbreaks in Boroughs and Neighborhoods of New York City |
The yeast Candida albicans transitions between distinct lifestyles as a normal component of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and the most common agent of disseminated fungal disease . We previously identified Sef1 as a novel Cys6Zn2 DNA binding protein that plays an essential role in C . albicans virulence by acti... | Candida albicans is a fungus that resides on the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other mammals . However , this commensal organism is also capable of proliferating and causing disease in people who have received antibiotics , who are immunocompromised , or who have suffered injury to epithelial lay... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"fungal",
"biochemistry",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"mycology",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"fungal",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the Sef1 Transcription Factor Controls the Virulence of Candida albicans in Its Mammalian Host |
At the onset of X-chromosome inactivation , the vital process whereby female mammalian cells equalize X products with respect to males , the X chromosomes are colocalized along their Xic ( X-inactivation center ) regions . The mechanism inducing recognition and pairing of the X's remains , though , elusive . Starting f... | Some important cellular processes involve homologous chromosome recognition and pairing . A prominent example is the colocalization of X chromosomes occurring at the onset of X chromosome inactivation , the vital process whereby female mammalian cells silence one of their two X chromosomes to equalize the dosage of X p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"computer",
"science",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Mechanics and Dynamics of X-Chromosome Pairing at X Inactivation |
The nuclear receptor DAF-12 has roles in normal development , the decision to pursue dauer development in unfavorable conditions , and the modulation of adult aging . Despite the biologic importance of DAF-12 , target genes for this receptor are largely unknown . To identify DAF-12 targets , we performed chromatin immu... | In Caenorhabditis elegans many life history decisions , such as interrupting reproductive development to form a dauer and the rate of aging , are under the control of the DAF-12 nuclear receptor . Recent work has started to elucidate the endocrine regulation of DAF-12 , but few target genes for this receptor have been ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | DAF-12 Regulates a Connected Network of Genes to Ensure Robust Developmental Decisions |
Sporotrichosis is endemic in the Sub-Himalayan belt , which ranges from the northern to the north-eastern Indian subcontinent . Similar to many parts of the developing world , sporotrichosis is commonly recognized clinically in this region however consolidated epidemiological data is lacking . We report epidemiological... | Sporotrichosis is a sub-acute or chronic granulomatous fungal infection involving mainly the skin and subcutaneous tissue with neighbouring lymphatics . It is caused by thermally dimorphic fungus , Sporothrix schenckii , which is prevalent worldwide . Consequent to trauma , the fungus establishes itself in skin and sub... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"dermatology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"subcutaneous",
"mycoses",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"skin",
"infections",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"laboratory",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"epidemiology",
"sporotrichosis",
"epidemiology",
"fu... | 2012 | Sporotrichosis in Sub-Himalayan India |
Multiple physiological systems interact throughout the development of a complex disease . Knowledge of the dynamics and connectivity of interactions across physiological systems could facilitate the prevention or mitigation of organ damage underlying complex diseases , many of which are currently refractory to availabl... | Complex diseases such as hypertension often involve maladaptive autonomic nervous system control over the cardiovascular , renal , hepatic , immune , and endocrine systems . We studied the pathogenesis of physiological homeostasis by examining the temporal dynamics of gene expression levels from multiple organs in an a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"anatomy",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"phenotypes",
"network",
"analysis",
"neural",
"networks",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",... | 2017 | A data-driven modeling approach to identify disease-specific multi-organ networks driving physiological dysregulation |
When resistance to anticancer or antimicrobial drugs evolves in a patient , highly effective chemotherapy can fail , threatening patient health and lifespan . Standard practice is to treat aggressively , effectively eliminating drug-sensitive target cells as quickly as possible . This prevents sensitive cells from acqu... | When resistance to anticancer or antimicrobial drugs evolves in a patient , highly effective chemotherapy can fail , threatening patient health and lifespan . Standard practice is to prevent sensitive cells from acquiring resistance by eliminating them as quickly as possible with aggressive chemotherapy . This approach... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"clinical",
"oncology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"oncology",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"pharmaceutics",
"pharmacology",
"population",
"biology",
"... | 2017 | How to Use a Chemotherapeutic Agent When Resistance to It Threatens the Patient |
DenA/DEN1 and the COP9 signalosome ( CSN ) represent two deneddylases which remove the ubiquitin-like Nedd8 from modified target proteins and are required for distinct fungal developmental programmes . The cellular DenA/DEN1 population is divided into a nuclear and a cytoplasmatic subpopulation which is especially enri... | Posttranslational modifications of protein can affect stability , activity , interaction and localization of targeted substrates . The covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 regulates the activity of E3 cullin-RING ligases and thereby the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation via the ubiquitin-p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"aspergillus",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"enzymes",
"membrane",
"staining",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"phosphatases",
"aspergillus",
"nidulans",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"serine",
"amino",
"acids",
"cellular",
"str... | 2016 | The DenA/DEN1 Interacting Phosphatase DipA Controls Septa Positioning and Phosphorylation-Dependent Stability of Cytoplasmatic DenA/DEN1 during Fungal Development |
Living organisms use biological clocks to maintain their internal temporal order and anticipate daily environmental changes . In Drosophila , circadian regulation of locomotor behavior is controlled by ∼150 neurons; among them , neurons expressing the PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR ( PDF ) set the period of locomotor behavi... | The circadian clock controls rhythms in behavior , physiology , and metabolism in all living organisms . The molecular components as well as the neuronal network required to keep this clock running have been identified in several species . In the Drosophila brain this neuronal network is represented by an ensemble of 1... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Circadian Period Integrates Network Information Through Activation of the BMP Signaling Pathway |
Syphilis is resurgent in many regions of the world . Molecular typing is a robust tool for investigating strain diversity and epidemiology . This study aimed to review original research on molecular typing of Treponema pallidum ( T . pallidum ) with three objectives: ( 1 ) to determine specimen types most suitable for ... | Syphilis has been resurgent in many parts of the world in past decades . Understanding the epidemiology of syphilis is important for estimating disease burdens , monitoring epidemic trends , and evaluating intervention activities . Treponema pallidum ( T . pallidum ) , the pathogen of syphilis , cannot be grown in vitr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"molecular",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
With the control of the vectorial and transfusional routes of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi , congenital transmission has become an important source of new cases . This study evaluated the efficacy of trypanocidal therapy to prevent congenital Chagas disease and compared the clinical and serological evolution betwee... | Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi is the most common mode of transmission in countries where the vectorial and transfusional routes have been controlled . We evaluated the efficacy of trypanocidal therapy in preventing congenital Chagas disease and compared the clinical and serological changes between treated... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chagas",
"disease",
"clinical",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"child",
... | 2014 | Trypanocide Treatment of Women Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and Its Effect on Preventing Congenital Chagas |
The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis protects its hosts from a range of pathogens by limiting their ability to form infections inside the insect . This “pathogen blocking” could be explained by innate immune priming by the symbiont , competition for host-derived resources between pathogens and Wolbachia , or ... | Wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular bacterium that naturally infects many insect species . These bacteria can block the replication and dissemination of a variety of pathogens that coinfect the insect . In mosquitoes this effect applies to viruses including dengue and the parasite that causes malaria . This makes W... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"entomology",
"virology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"zoology"
] | 2013 | Dietary Cholesterol Modulates Pathogen Blocking by Wolbachia |
Malaria and intestinal helminths co-infection are major public health problems particularly among school age children in Nigeria . However the magnitude and possible interactions of these infections remain poorly understood . This study determined the prevalence , impact and possible interaction of Plasmodium falciparu... | Malaria , schistosomiasis and intestinal helminths are parasitic diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality in most tropical areas of the world . These parasitic diseases are common in Nigeria where people are co-infected with more than one parasite . This study investigate the prevalence and impact of these... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Co-endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum and Intestinal Helminths Infection in School Age Children in Rural Communities of Kwara State Nigeria |
How can we optimize the use of drugs against parasites to limit the evolution of drug resistance ? This question has been addressed by many theoretical studies focusing either on the mixing of various treatments , or their temporal alternation . Here we consider a different treatment strategy where the use of the drug ... | The spread of drug-resistant parasites erodes the efficacy of therapeutic treatments against many infectious diseases and is a major threat of the 21st century . The evolution of drug-resistance depends , among other things , on how the treatments are administered at the population level . “Resistance management” consi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Evolutionary Epidemiology of Drug-Resistance in Space |
Botulinum neurotoxins have a very high affinity and specificity for their target cells requiring two different co-receptors located on the neuronal cell surface . Different toxin serotypes have different protein receptors; yet , most share a common ganglioside co-receptor , GT1b . We determined the crystal structure of... | Botulinum neurotoxins are the most toxic substances known and are classified as a category A bioterrorism agent . Ongoing work on the development of countermeasures for the neurotoxin has been limited by an incomplete understanding of the means by which the toxin enters the cell . Our study provides a detailed look at ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"biochemistry/biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biochemistry/experimental",
"biophysical",
"methods"
] | 2008 | Crystal Structure of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in Complex with the Cell Surface Co-Receptor GT1b—Insight into the Toxin–Neuron Interaction |
The lack of effective short-course therapies for treatment of the adult stage of filarial worms is a major limitation in the global effort to eliminate lymphatic filariasis . Studies using current small mammal models of lymphatic filariasis are limited by difficulties in quantifying adult worm numbers and in assessing ... | Filariae are tissue-invasive parasitic roundworms transmitted by insects . In human infection , the species Brugia and Wuchereria cause leg swelling by disrupting the function of lymphatic vessels . These agents of lymphatic filariasis infect ~65 million people worldwide , causing genital and lower extremity ( elephant... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"disease... | 2018 | Brugia malayi infection in ferrets – A small mammal model of lymphatic filariasis |
Nephronophthisis ( NPHP ) is a ciliopathy in which genetic modifiers may underlie the variable penetrance of clinical features . To identify modifiers , a screen was conducted on C . elegans nphp-4 ( tm925 ) mutants . Mutations in ten loci exacerbating nphp-4 ( tm925 ) ciliary defects were obtained . Four loci have bee... | Nephronophthisis ( NPHP ) is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy that has minimal genotype-phenotype correlation . The cause of this variation is not known , but could result from additional mutations in the patients’ backgrounds capable of modifying the phenotype . To identify candidate NPHP modifying loci , we con... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"invertebrates",
"kinesins",
"caenorhabditis",
"light",
"microscopy",
"animals",
"alleles",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"motors",
"microscopy",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"motor",... | 2016 | A Screen for Modifiers of Cilia Phenotypes Reveals Novel MKS Alleles and Uncovers a Specific Genetic Interaction between osm-3 and nphp-4 |
Similar to other yeasts , the human pathogen Candida glabrata ages when it undergoes asymmetric , finite cell divisions , which determines its replicative lifespan . We sought to investigate if and how aging changes resilience of C . glabrata populations in the host environment . Our data demonstrate that old C . glabr... | This study shows that aging makes Candida glabrata more resilient and virulent in vivo . Aging results in a thicker cell wall that is also qualitatively different with respect to sterol composition , which conveys enhanced resistance to azoles and cellular stresses . We observed greater accumulation of old cells in com... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"death",
"rates",
"cell",
"walls",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"demography",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"age",
"distribution",
"microbiology",
"urine",
... | 2017 | Generational distribution of a Candida glabrata population: Resilient old cells prevail, while younger cells dominate in the vulnerable host |
Researchers have previously adopted the double stimulus paradigm to study refractoriness in human neuromotor control . Currently , refractoriness , such as the Psychological Refractory Period ( PRP ) has only been quantified in discrete movement conditions . Whether refractoriness and the associated serial ballistic hy... | In biology , the control of physiological variables such as body position , blood pressure and body temperature is founded on negative feedback mechanisms governing homeostasic input-output relations . The conceptual models capturing the underlying control principles are often drawn from engineering control theory . Th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"robotics",
"motor",
"systems",
"medicine",
"control",
"engineering",
"musculoskeletal",
"system",
"control",
"systems",
"physiology",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"neurological",
"system",
"neuroscience",
"neurophysiology",
"engineering"
] | 2013 | Refractoriness in Sustained Visuo-Manual Control: Is the Refractory Duration Intrinsic or Does It Depend on External System Properties? |
Methylcytosine-binding proteins decipher the epigenetic information encoded by DNA methylation and provide a link between DNA methylation , modification of chromatin structure , and gene silencing . VARIANT IN METHYLATION 1 ( VIM1 ) encodes an SRA ( SET- and RING-associated ) domain methylcytosine-binding protein in Ar... | Methylation of cytosine bases provides one layer of epigenetic information that is superimposed on the nucleotide sequence of a genome . Proteins that bind methylated cytosines and also help maintain that DNA modification are important linchpins in a self-propagating system mediating memory of epigenetic states . We pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression"
] | 2008 | Three SRA-Domain Methylcytosine-Binding Proteins Cooperate to Maintain Global CpG Methylation and Epigenetic Silencing in Arabidopsis |
Because most extant viruses mutate rapidly and lack a true fossil record , their deep evolution and long-term substitution rates remain poorly understood . In addition to retroviruses , which rely on chromosomal integration for their replication , many other viruses replicate in the nucleus of their host's cells and ar... | Paleovirology is the study of ancient viruses and the way they have shaped the innate immune system of their hosts over millions of years . One way to reconstruct the deep evolution of viruses is to search for viral sequences “fossilized” at different evolutionary time points in the genome of their hosts . Besides retr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Genomic Fossils Calibrate the Long-Term Evolution of Hepadnaviruses |
Dermatophytosis , and particularly the subtype tinea capitis , is common among African children; however , the risk factors associated with this condition are poorly understood . To describe the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in distinct eco-climatic zones , three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in public prima... | Dermatophytosis , and particularly the subtype tinea capitis , is common among African children; however , the risk factors associated with this condition are poorly understood . To describe the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in distinct eco-climatic zones , three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in public prima... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schoolchildren",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dermatophytosis",
"mali",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"fungi",
"mathematics",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"s... | 2016 | Dermatophytosis among Schoolchildren in Three Eco-climatic Zones of Mali |
HIV fusion and entry into CD4 T cells are mediated by two receptors , CD4 and CXCR4 . This receptor requirement can be abrogated by pseudotyping the virion with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein ( VSV-G ) that mediates viral entry through endocytosis . The VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV is highly infectious for transf... | While receptor-mediated viral endocytosis or fusion with the cell membrane can be achieved through multiple surface molecules , the repetitious selection of two chemokine receptors , CCR5 or CXCR4 , as the main HIV entry coreceptor implies an urgent viral need to exploit the chemotactic process in the immune system . C... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"virology/host",
"... | 2009 | The HIV Envelope but Not VSV Glycoprotein Is Capable of Mediating HIV Latent Infection of Resting CD4 T Cells |
Children bear a large burden of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi ( S . Typhi ) in endemic areas . However , immune responses and clinical findings in children are not well defined . Here , we describe clinical and immunological characteristics of young children with S . Typhi bacteremia , and ... | The highest disease burden of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi ( S . Typhi ) is seen in children under five years of age in endemic areas . We investigated both mucosal and systemic immune responses in S . Typhi bacteremic young children ( aged , 1 to 5 years ) by measuring S . Typhi membrane ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Typhoid Fever in Young Children in Bangladesh: Clinical Findings, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Immune Responses |
During blood stage infection , Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes ( IE ) bind to host blood vessels . This virulence determinant enables parasites to evade spleen-dependent killing mechanisms , but paradoxically in some cases may reduce parasite fitness by killing the host . Adhesion of infected erythrocytes i... | The virulence of P . falciparum has been linked to the ability of infected erythrocytes to bind to receptors on the endothelial lining of blood vessels and sequester from blood circulation . This phenotype enables parasites to avoid spleen removal and is associated with organ-specific disease complications . This bindi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"ecology",
"global",
"health",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"cardiovascular"
] | 2013 | DC8 and DC13 var Genes Associated with Severe Malaria Bind Avidly to Diverse Endothelial Cells |
Leptospira interrogans is the major causative agent of leptospirosis . Phagocytosis plays important roles in the innate immune responses to L . interrogans infection , and L . interrogans can evade the killing of phagocytes . However , little is known about the adaptation of L . interrogans during this process . To bet... | Leptospirosis is an important tropical disease around the world , particularly in humid tropical and subtropical countries . As a major pathogen of this disease , Leptospira interrogans can be shed from the urine of reservoir hosts , survive in soil and water , and infect humans through broken skin or mucous membranes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | Transcriptional Responses of Leptospira interrogans to Host Innate Immunity: Significant Changes in Metabolism, Oxygen Tolerance, and Outer Membrane |
TolT was originally described as a Trypanosoma cruzi molecule that accumulated on the trypomastigote flagellum bearing similarity to bacterial TolA colicins receptors . Preliminary biochemical studies indicated that TolT resolved in SDS-PAGE as ~3–5 different bands with sizes between 34 and 45 kDa , and that this heter... | Chagas disease , caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , is a lifelong and debilitating neglected illness of major significance in Latin America , for which no vaccine or adequate drugs are yet available . Identification of novel biomarkers able to transcend the current limits of diagnostic and/or therapeutic asses... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"serum",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
"biology",
"trypomastigotes",
"protozoans",
"neglected"... | 2019 | Molecular and antigenic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi TolT proteins |
One selection pressure shaping sequence evolution is the requirement that a protein fold with sufficient stability to perform its biological functions . We present a conceptual framework that explains how this requirement causes the probability that a particular amino acid mutation is fixed during evolution to depend o... | Mutating a protein frequently causes a change in its stability . As scientists , we often care about these changes because we would like to engineer a protein's stability or understand how its stability is impacted by a naturally occurring mutation . Evolution also cares about mutational stability changes , because a b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/molecular",
"evolution",
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetic... | 2009 | Inferring Stabilizing Mutations from Protein Phylogenies: Application
to Influenza Hemagglutinin |
The capacity to transition between distinct morphological forms is a key virulence trait for diverse fungal pathogens . A poignant example of a leading opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans for which an environmentally responsive developmental program underpins virulence is Candida albicans . C . albicans mutants tha... | The ability to transition between distinct morphologies is a key virulence trait of diverse fungal pathogens . Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in humans , causing diseases ranging from superficial skin infections in otherwise healthy adults to invasive , highly morbid infections in immunocompromised... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"walls",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"adenylyl",
"cyclase",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"camp",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"developmental",
"biology",
"fungi",
"regulator",
"genes",... | 2016 | Signaling through Lrg1, Rho1 and Pkc1 Governs Candida albicans Morphogenesis in Response to Diverse Cues |
In much of sub-Saharan Africa , the mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the main vector of the major human malaria parasite , Plasmodium falciparum . Convenient laboratory studies have identified mosquito genes that affect positively or negatively the developmental cycle of the model rodent parasite , P . berghei . Here , we... | Malaria is a parasitic infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes . It impacts half the population of the world and kills 1 to 3 million people every year , the vast majority of whom are children aged below 5 in sub-Saharan Africa . There , the deadliest parasite is Plasmodium falciparum and its most important vector... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"molecular",
"biology",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2008 | Conserved Mosquito/Parasite Interactions Affect Development of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa |
Nematode parasites secrete molecules which regulate the mammalian immune system , but their genetic intractability is a major impediment to identifying and characterising the biological effects of these molecules . We describe here a novel system for heterologous expression of helminth secreted proteins in the natural ... | Parasitic nematodes are known to secrete proteins which suppress or divert the host immune response in order to promote their survival . However it has proven very difficult to delete or silence genes in order to decipher the function of the proteins they encode . We have developed a method whereby genes can be express... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Acetylcholinesterase",
"Activity"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"invertebrates",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"helminths",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",... | 2016 | Modulation of the Immune Response by Nematode Secreted Acetylcholinesterase Revealed by Heterologous Expression in Trypanosoma musculi |
Taking advantage of the complete genome sequences of several mammals , we developed a novel method to detect losses of well-established genes in the human genome through syntenic mapping of gene structures between the human , mouse , and dog genomes . Unlike most previous genomic methods for pseudogene identification ,... | One of the most important questions in biology is to identify the genetic changes underlying evolution , especially those along the lineage leading to the modern human . Although counterintuitive , losing a gene might actually bring a selective advantage to the organism . This type of gene loss is called adaptive gene ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"primates",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"mammals"
] | 2007 | Comparative Genomics Search for Losses of Long-Established Genes on the Human Lineage |
The long-standing proposal that phospholipase A2 ( PLA2 ) enzymes are involved in rickettsial infection of host cells has been given support by the recent characterization of a patatin phospholipase ( Pat2 ) with PLA2 activity from the pathogens Rickettsia prowazekii and R . typhi . However , pat2 is not encoded in all... | Typhus Group ( TG ) rickettsiae include Rickettsia typhi and R . prowazekii , the etiological agents of murine and epidemic typhus , respectively . The rickettsial obligate intracellular life cycle complicates conventional approaches to genetic manipulation , impeding characterization of molecules underlying pathogenes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Rickettsia typhi Possesses Phospholipase A2 Enzymes that Are Involved in Infection of Host Cells |
Genome packaging for viruses with segmented genomes is often a complex problem . This is particularly true for influenza viruses and other orthomyxoviruses , whose genome consists of multiple negative-sense RNAs encapsidated as ribonucleoprotein ( RNP ) complexes . To better understand the structural features of orthom... | Orthomyxoviruses are a family of RNA viruses that include the various types of influenza viruses . The genome of orthomyxoviruses consists of multiple segments of negative-sense , single-stranded RNA molecules , each packaged in the form of rod-shaped , double-helical ribonucleoprotein ( RNP ) complexes . How different... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"macromolecular",
"complex",
"analysis",
"biochemistry",
"proteins",
"virology",
"protein",
"structure",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biophysics",
"macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis"
] | 2013 | The Crystal Structure and RNA-Binding of an Orthomyxovirus Nucleoprotein |
Information on costs associated with malaria in pregnancy ( MiP ) in low transmission areas where Plasmodium vivax predominates is so far missing . This study estimates health system and patient costs of MiP in the Brazilian Amazon . Between January 2011 and March 2012 patient costs for the treatment of MiP were collec... | Malaria in pregnancy ( MiP ) is associated with maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality . In addition to the clinical burden , MiP implies a significant economic burden , but the little available evidence on the economics of MiP is limited to Plasmodium falciparum malaria and to the sub-Saharan region . While an in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"salaries",
"maternal",
"health",
"plasmodium",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"health",
"care",
"apicomplexa",
"wom... | 2016 | Costs Associated with Malaria in Pregnancy in the Brazilian Amazon, a Low Endemic Area Where Plasmodium vivax Predominates |
In Drosophila postembryonic neuroblasts , transition in gene expression programs of a cascade of transcription factors ( also known as the temporal series ) acts together with the asymmetric division machinery to generate diverse neurons with distinct identities and regulate the end of neuroblast proliferation . Howeve... | In almost all metazoans , neurons are produced by a group of neural stem cells/progenitors in a precise temporal manner , which is important for generating a functional nervous system . In Drosophila , this “timing” mechanism is mainly governed by the sequential switching of transcription factors in neural stem cells c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2013 | Hedgehog Signaling Acts with the Temporal Cascade to Promote Neuroblast Cell Cycle Exit |
Efforts to reduce the viral load of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) during long-term treatment are challenged by the evolution of anti-viral resistance mutants . Recent studies have shown that gene therapy approaches based on conditionally replicating vectors ( CRVs ) could have many advantages over anti-... | A long-standing challenge in efforts to control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) is the rapid evolution of the virus . Any effective therapy quickly gives rise to so-called escape mutants of the virus , potentially resulting in treatment failure . A distinct class of gene therapy based on conditionally rep... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"predator-prey",
"dynamics",
"population",
"dynamics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"microbiology",
"mathematics",
"coevolution",
"population",
"modeling",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"population",
"biology",
"complex",
"systems",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"nonlinear",
... | 2012 | Evolutionary Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Therapies Based on Conditionally Replicating Vectors |
Alpha-herpesviruses , including human herpes simplex virus 1 & 2 , varicella zoster virus and the swine pseudorabies virus ( PRV ) , infect the peripheral nervous system of their hosts . Symptoms of infection often include itching , numbness , or pain indicative of altered neurological function . To determine if there ... | Alpha-herpesviruses , including human herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 , varicella zoster virus and swine pseudorabies virus , infect the peripheral nervous system of their hosts . Symptoms often include itching , numbness , or pain . Understanding of the physiological basis for these characteristic sensory and motor anoma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"cell",
"biology",
"virology"
] | 2009 | Pseudorabies Virus Infection Alters Neuronal Activity and Connectivity In Vitro |
The compulsory vaccination of pets , the recommended vaccination of farm animals in grazing areas and the extermination of stray animals did not succeed in eliminating rabies in Estonia because the virus was maintained in two main wildlife reservoirs , foxes and raccoon dogs . These two species became a priority target... | This paper reports the strategy of oral rabies vaccination of wildlife in Estonia , the measures undertaken to check the method's efficacy and the results obtained . Initiated in autumn 2005 , oral vaccination programmes resulted in a dramatic decrease in rabies incidence . All the recommended tests were regularly appl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Eliminating Rabies in Estonia |
The development of highly complex vocal skill , like human language and bird songs , is underlain by learning . Vocal learning , even when occurring in adulthood , is thought to largely depend on a sensitive/critical period during postnatal development , and learned vocal patterns emerge gradually as the long-term cons... | How is plasticity associated with vocal learning regulated during a critical period ? Although there are abundant studies on the critical period in sensory systems , which are passively regulated by the external environment , few studies have manipulated the sensorimotor experience through the entire critical period . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"syllables",
"learning",
"ornithology",
"linguistics",
"animal",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animal",
"signaling",
"and",
"communication",
"animal",
"models",
"cognitive",
... | 2018 | Vocal practice regulates singing activity–dependent genes underlying age-independent vocal learning in songbirds |
Many multicellular systems problems can only be understood by studying how cells move , grow , divide , interact , and die . Tissue-scale dynamics emerge from systems of many interacting cells as they respond to and influence their microenvironment . The ideal “virtual laboratory” for such multicellular systems simulat... | This paper introduces PhysiCell: an open source , agent-based modeling framework for 3-D multicellular simulations . It includes a standard library of sub-models for cell fluid and solid volume changes , cycle progression , apoptosis , necrosis , mechanics , and motility . PhysiCell is directly coupled to a biotranspor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Design",
"and",
"implementation",
"Results",
"Availability",
"and",
"future",
"directions"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"signs",
... | 2018 | PhysiCell: An open source physics-based cell simulator for 3-D multicellular systems |
Multi-drug therapy is the standard-of-care treatment for tuberculosis . Despite this , virtually all studies of the pharmacodynamics ( PD ) of mycobacterial drugs employed for the design of treatment protocols are restricted to single agents . In this report , mathematical models and in vitro experiments with Mycobacte... | The goal of this investigation is the development and a priori evaluation of multi-drug treatment regimes that are effective in clearing long-term bacterial infections like tuberculosis , and also minimize the likelihood of multi-drug resistance arising during therapy . To achieve this end , we use mathematical models ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"population",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"processes"
] | 2012 | Two-Drug Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: A Mathematical Model and Experiments with Mycobacterium marinum |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans ( M . ulcerans ) has emerged as an important public health problem in several rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa . Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are important in preventing disfiguring complications associated with late stages of the disease progression .... | In order to develop a simple and rapid test that can be used to diagnose Buruli ulcer under field conditions , we modified the conventional LAMP assay by using a disposable pocket warmer as a heating device for generating a constant temperature for the test reaction and employed the use of crude sample preparations con... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans by the Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method |
Cancer is a genetic disease that develops through a series of somatic mutations , a subset of which drive cancer progression . Although cancer genome sequencing studies are beginning to reveal the mutational patterns of genes in various cancers , identifying the small subset of “causative” mutations from the large subs... | Cancer progresses by accumulation of mutations in a subset of genes that confer growth advantage . The 518 protein kinase genes encoded in the human genome , collectively called the kinome , represent one of the largest families of oncogenes . Targeted sequencing studies of many different cancers have shown that the mu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"protein",
"kinase",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"biochemistry",
"signal",
"transduction",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"tyrosine",
"kinase",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"cell",
"biology",
"oncogenic",
"signaling",
"genetics",
"biology... | 2014 | Prediction and Prioritization of Rare Oncogenic Mutations in the Cancer Kinome Using Novel Features and Multiple Classifiers |
Bacteria of the Thiomonas genus are ubiquitous in extreme environments , such as arsenic-rich acid mine drainage ( AMD ) . The genome of one of these strains , Thiomonas sp . 3As , was sequenced , annotated , and examined , revealing specific adaptations allowing this bacterium to survive and grow in its highly toxic e... | Recent advances in the field of arsenic microbial metabolism have revealed that bacteria colonize a large panel of highly contaminated environments . Belonging to the order of Burkholderiales , Thiomonas strains are ubiquitous in arsenic-contaminated environments . The genome of one of them , i . e . Thiomonas sp . 3As... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/environmental",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Structure, Function, and Evolution of the Thiomonas spp. Genome |
Like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) , simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees ( SIVcpz ) can cause CD4+ T cell loss and premature death . Here , we used molecular surveillance tools and mathematical modeling to estimate the impact of SIVcpz infection on chimpanzee population dynamics . Habituated ( ... | It is now well established that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) , which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , emerged following cross-species transmission of a simian immunodeficiency virus that infects chimpanzees ( SIVcpz ) . Although SIVcpz was originally believed not to be pathogenic ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"ecology/population",
"ecology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Impact of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Chimpanzee Population Dynamics |
Natural decision-making often involves extended decision sequences in response to variable stimuli with complex structure . As an example , many animals follow odor plumes to locate food sources or mates , but turbulence breaks up the advected odor signal into intermittent filaments and puffs . This scenario provides a... | Many important behaviors require animals to make extended decision sequences in response to complex stimuli . In this study we investigated the sequences of navigational decisions made by fruit flies and mosquitoes while tracking odor plumes , which are generally subject to turbulence . By examining video-taped 3D traj... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"insect",
"flight",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"animals",
"flight",
"(biology)",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model"... | 2018 | History dependence in insect flight decisions during odor tracking |
Worldwide , amoebic liver abscess ( ALA ) can be found in individuals in non-endemic areas , especially in foreign-born travelers . We performed a retrospective analysis of ALA in patients admitted to French hospitals between 2002 and 2006 . We compared imported ALA cases in European and foreign-born patients and asses... | Amœbiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica ( E . histolytica ) , a protozoan specific to humans which infects humans by ingestion of contaminated food and water . According to some authors , amœbiasis could be the second leading cause of death from parasitic disease worldwide . It is endemic in tropical countries but... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"amebiasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Imported Amoebic Liver Abscess in France |
In mammals , parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) is a key regulator of extracellular calcium and inorganic phosphorus homeostasis . Although the parathyroid glands were thought to be the only source of PTH , extra-parathyroid PTH production in the thymus , which shares a common origin with parathyroids during organogenesis , h... | Due to the important role of PTH in the regulation of physiological activities , disorders in PTH production can cause many diseases in humans . Thus it is very important to understand where PTH is produced and how it is regulated . Many people have been found to have ectopic and supernumerary parathyroid glands withou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/embryology",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"physiology/endocrinology",
"developmental",
"biology/molecular",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis",
"immunology/autoimmunity"
] | 2010 | Thymus-Associated Parathyroid Hormone Has Two Cellular Origins with Distinct Endocrine and Immunological Functions |
Hair follicles ( HF ) undergo precisely regulated recurrent cycles of growth , cessation , and rest . The transitions from anagen ( growth ) , to catagen ( regression ) , to telogen ( rest ) involve a physiological involution of the HF . This process is likely coordinated by a variety of mechanisms including apoptosis ... | Up to 60% people suffer from hair loss throughout their lifetime . Hair growth undergoes recurrent cycling of growth , regression , and resting phases with a defined periodicity . The main cause of human hair loss is due to the premature transition from growth to regression . Understanding of the molecular basis underl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Post-transcriptional Regulation of Keratinocyte Progenitor Cell Expansion, Differentiation and Hair Follicle Regression by miR-22 |
Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular pathogen that invades and replicates within numerous host cell types including macrophages , hepatocytes and pneumocytes . By 24 hours post invasion , F . tularensis replicates up to 1000-fold in the cytoplasm of infected cells . To achieve such rapid intracellu... | Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent bacterial pathogen that infects hundreds of different animal species including humans . During infection , F . tularensis bacteria invade and rapidly multiply inside host cells . Within the host cell environment , basic nutrients that bacteria require for growth are in limite... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"pathogenesis",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2013 | Francisella tularensis Harvests Nutrients Derived via ATG5-Independent Autophagy to Support Intracellular Growth |
Infection with yellow fever virus ( YFV ) , an explosively replicating flavivirus , results in viral hemorrhagic disease characterized by cardiovascular shock and multi-organ failure . Unvaccinated populations experience 20 to 50% fatality . Few studies have examined the pathophysiological changes that occur in humans ... | Yellow fever virus causes ∼200 , 000 infections and 30 , 000 deaths annually in Africa and South America . Although this is an important human pathogen , the basis of yellow fever disease severity remains poorly understood . Rhesus macaques are susceptible to yellow fever and develop similar symptoms as severe as those... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"Materials",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"vaccines",
"yellow",
"fever",
"immunopathology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"attenuated",
"vaccines",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immun... | 2014 | Pathophysiologic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Viscerotropic Yellow Fever in a Rhesus Macaque Model |
Cell size is a complex trait that responds to developmental and environmental cues . Quantitative size analysis of mutant strain collections disrupted for protein kinases and transcriptional regulators in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans uncovered 66 genes that altered cell size , few of which overlapped with know... | The basis for commitment to cell division in late G1 phase , called Start in yeast and the Restriction Point in metazoans , is a critical but still poorly understood aspect of eukaryotic cell proliferation . All eukaryotic cells must grow to a critical cell size before commitment to division occurs . This size threshol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"g1",
"phase",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cell",
"processes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"microbiology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins... | 2019 | The p38/HOG stress-activated protein kinase network couples growth to division in Candida albicans |
Hepatocyte-based metacestode culture is an attractive method to study alveolar echinococcosis ( AE ) , but it is limited by the relatively short lifespan of cultured hepatocytes in maintaining their normal function . We describe a three-dimensional ( 3D ) hepatic culture system developed from co-cultured hepatocytes an... | Alveolar echinococcosis ( AE ) is one of the world’s most dangerous zoonoses . Although there have been recent advances in some aspects of the molecular biology of E . multilocularis , larval development is far from understood . An in vitro hepatocyte based cultivation system for the metacestode stage of E . multilocul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"albumins",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"vesicles",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biological",
"cultures",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"collagens",
"cell",
"cultures",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"cellular",
"structures",
"an... | 2018 | Three-dimensional hepatocyte culture system for the study of Echinococcus multilocularis larval development |
Intracellular persistence of Staphylococcus aureus favors bacterial spread and chronic infections . Here , we provide evidence for the existence of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory against staphylococcal antigens . Notably , the latter could provide a missing link in our understanding of immune control of intracellula... | Staphylococcus aureus is deemed one of the most important nosocomial pathogens but , to date , there are no safe and protective vaccines . In this study we investigate the nature of the preformed T cell response to S . aureus antigens in healthy donors . Our data reveal that CD4+ and—so far not described—CD8+ T cell me... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"messenger",
"rna",... | 2017 | Antigen delivery to dendritic cells shapes human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory responses to Staphylococcus aureus |
Bacterial xenogeneic silencing proteins selectively bind to and silence expression from many AT rich regions of the chromosome . They serve as master regulators of horizontally acquired DNA , including a large number of virulence genes . To date , three distinct families of xenogeneic silencers have been identified: H-... | During evolution , the bacteria frequently acquire new genes through horizontal transfer , in order to adapt new environments . However , foreign DNA sequences acquired are more likely to decrease rather than increase the fitness of the recipient bacteria . Therefore , many bacterial genera have evolved unique proteins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Novel AT-Rich DNA Recognition Mechanism for Bacterial Xenogeneic Silencer MvaT |
Previous genomic analysis of pathogenic Leptospira has identified two circular chromosomes but no plasmid . This study aims to investigate potential extrachromosomal elements of L . interrogans serovar Canicola strain Gui44 . Two novel plasmids , pGui1 and pGui2 , were isolated from the pathogenic strain Gui44 , using ... | Leptospira species are the causative agent of leptospirosis , one of the most common animal to human transmitted diseases . Previous genomic analysis of L . interrogans serovar Lai and Copenhageni has identified the presence of large ( 4 . 33 mega base ) and small ( 350 kilo base ) circular chromosomes without evidence... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"gene",
"expression",
"and",
"vector",
"techniques",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"plasmid",
"vector",
"techniques",
"molecular",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"assays",
"and",
"analysis",
"techniques",
"research",
"... | 2014 | Isolation and Characterization of Two Novel Plasmids from Pathogenic Leptospira interrogans Serogroup Canicola Serovar Canicola Strain Gui44 |
Polyomaviruses are a family of small DNA tumor viruses that includes several pathogenic human members , including Merkel cell polyomavirus , BK virus and JC virus . As is characteristic of DNA tumor viruses , gene expression in polyomaviruses is temporally regulated into an early phase , consisting of the viral regulat... | All organisms , including all viruses , use mRNAs to express the proteins required for their viability and replication . Viruses , in particular , are under pressure to replicate rapidly in order to spread before the host immune response becomes effective . Previously , it was reported that several viruses , including ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sv40",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"messenger",
"rna",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"dna",
"viruses",
"microbial",
"genetics",
"influenz... | 2018 | Addition of m6A to SV40 late mRNAs enhances viral structural gene expression and replication |
In the conventional paradigm of humoral immunity , B cells recognize their cognate antigen target in its native form . However , it is well known that relatively unstable peptides bearing only partial structural resemblance to the native protein can trigger antibodies recognizing higher-order structures found in the na... | In the current paradigm of immune system recognition , T cell receptors bind to relatively short peptide sequences complexed with major histocompatibility complex proteins on the surface of antigen presenting cells , while B cell receptors recognize unprocessed protein structures . Yet , ample data exist showing that p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"immunology/immune",
"response"
] | 2008 | Structural and Thermodynamic Approach to Peptide Immunogenicity |
The formation of the complex network architecture of neural systems is subject to multiple structural and functional constraints . Two obvious but apparently contradictory constraints are low wiring cost and high processing efficiency , characterized by short overall wiring length and a small average number of processi... | What are essential relationships between fundamental physical constraints and the architecture of neural systems ? Most existing investigations have considered a single constraint , either wiring cost or processing path efficiency , and little is known about how characteristic neural network features , such as the simu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2013 | Trade-off between Multiple Constraints Enables Simultaneous Formation of Modules and Hubs in Neural Systems |
The deluge of data generated by genome sequencing has led to an increasing reliance on bioinformatic predictions , since the traditional experimental approach of characterizing gene function one at a time cannot possibly keep pace with the sequence-based discovery of novel genes . We have utilized Biolog phenotype Micr... | Genome sequencing has led to the identification of literally millions of new genes , for which there is no experimental evidence concerning their function . This limits our knowledge of these genes to computational predictions; however , the accuracy of such bioinformatic predictions is essentially unknown . We have fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | High-Throughput Phenotypic Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Membrane Transport Genes |
Recent work has identified changes in the metabolism of the aromatic amino acid tyrosine as a risk factor for diabetes and a contributor to the development of liver cancer . While these findings could suggest a role for tyrosine as a direct regulator of the behavior of cells and tissues , evidence for this model is cur... | In people , elevated blood levels of the amino acid tyrosine are seen in obese individuals , and these elevations represent a novel risk factor for the development of diabetes . The enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase , which removes tyrosine from the body , has also been identified as a tumor suppressor gene , and this e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | TATN-1 Mutations Reveal a Novel Role for Tyrosine as a Metabolic Signal That Influences Developmental Decisions and Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Viruses hijack host factors for their high speed protein synthesis , but information about these factors is largely unknown . In searching for genes that are involved in viral replication , we carried out a forward genetic screen for Drosophila mutants that are more resistant or sensitive to Drosophila C virus ( DCV ) ... | Viruses often can highly efficiently utilize the host system to make huge amounts of viral proteins for their replication; however , which host factors are needed by the viruses are largely unknown . We analyzed about one hundred Drosophila mutants and found that the pelo mutation in Drosophila inhibited Drosophila C v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viral",
"replication",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"virology"
] | 2014 | pelo Is Required for High Efficiency Viral Replication |
Synthetic lethality has been proposed as a way to leverage the genetic differences found in tumor cells to affect their selective killing . Cohesins , which tether sister chromatids together until anaphase onset , are mutated in a variety of tumor types . The elucidation of synthetic lethal interactions with cohesin mu... | Synthetic lethality has been proposed as a way to leverage the genetic differences found in tumor cells to affect their selective killing . Many tumor types contain mutations in the cohesin genes . Identifying synthetic lethal genetic interactions with cohesin mutations therefore identifies potential therapeutic target... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"systems",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Synthetic Lethality of Cohesins with PARPs and Replication Fork Mediators |
We have previously reported that the NS3 helicase ( N3H ) and NS5B-to-3′X ( N5BX ) regions are important for the efficient replication of hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) strain JFH-1 and viral production in HuH-7 cells . In the current study , we investigated the relationships between HCV genome replication , virus productio... | Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) is a major cause of chronic liver disease . Chronic HCV infection affects more than 130 million people worldwide . An efficient cell culture system is indispensable for HCV research and the development of antiviral strategies , including antiviral drugs and vaccines . Using one HCV strain , JF... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation"
] | 2010 | RNA Polymerase Activity and Specific RNA Structure Are Required for Efficient HCV Replication in Cultured Cells |
Embryogenesis is an extraordinarily robust process , exhibiting the ability to control tissue size and repair patterning defects in the face of environmental and genetic perturbations . The size and shape of a developing tissue is a function of the number and size of its constituent cells as well as their geometric pac... | Developing embryos are able to grow organs of the correct size even in the face of significant external perturbations . Such robust size control is achieved via tissue-level coordination of cell growth , proliferation , death and rearrangement , through mechanisms that are not well understood . Here , we employ computa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Capabilities and Limitations of Tissue Size Control through Passive Mechanical Forces |
A unifying feature of eukaryotic nuclear organization is genome segregation into transcriptionally active euchromatin and transcriptionally repressed heterochromatin . In metazoa , lamin proteins preserve nuclear integrity and higher order heterochromatin organization at the nuclear periphery , but no non-metazoan lami... | Eukaryotes—fungi , plants , animals , and many unicellular organisms—are defined by the presence of a cell nucleus that contains the chromosomes and is enveloped by a lipid membrane lined on the inner face with a protein network called the lamina . Among other functions , the lamina serves as an anchorage site for the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | NUP-1 Is a Large Coiled-Coil Nucleoskeletal Protein in Trypanosomes with Lamin-Like Functions |
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a role in most cellular functions linked to cancer progression , including cell growth , proliferation , cell survival , tissue invasion and angiogenesis . It is generally recognized that hyperactive PI3K/AKT1 are oncogenic due to their boost to cell survival , cell cycle entry and ... | Complex diseases such as cancer often alter more than one facet of a cell’s function . In addition to breakdown in individual functions , cancer progression leads to unhealthy combinations of cellular behaviors . For example , cancer cells rely on non-physiological combinations of cell functions drawn from an arsenal t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"model"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"cell",
"cycle",
"inhibitors",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"anaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"cytokinesis",
"growth",
"factors",
"mapk",
"signaling",
"cascades",
"tel... | 2019 | Boolean model of growth signaling, cell cycle and apoptosis predicts the molecular mechanism of aberrant cell cycle progression driven by hyperactive PI3K |
Commercially available diagnostic test kits for detection of dengue virus ( DENV ) non-structural protein 1 ( NS1 ) and anti-DENV IgM were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity and other performance characteristics by a diagnostic laboratory network developed by World Health Organization ( WHO ) , the UNICEF/... | Dengue virus ( DENV ) infection occurs throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world where dengue is a major public health problem . Laboratory diagnosis of dengue with a single serum specimen obtained during the acute phase of the illness requires tests to detect IgM antibodies to DENV or the virus genome ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"global",
"health"
] | 2014 | Evaluation of Commercially Available Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen and Anti-Dengue Virus IgM Antibody |
Small RNAs play essential regulatory roles in genome stability , development , and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in most eukaryotes . In plants , the RNaseIII enzyme DICER-LIKE1 ( DCL1 ) produces miRNAs , whereas DCL2 , DCL3 , and DCL4 produce various size classes of siRNAs . Plants also encode RNASE THREE-L... | Most eukaryotes produce essential regulatory molecules called small RNAs . These molecules are produced primarily by a class of RNaseIII enzymes called DICER , which excises small RNA duplexes from long double-stranded ( ds ) RNA precursor molecules . Plants also encode several RNaseIII enzymes called RNASE THREE-LIKE ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Plants Encode a General siRNA Suppressor That Is Induced and Suppressed by Viruses |
Increased vascular permeability is a hallmark feature in severe dengue virus ( DV ) infection , and dysfunction of endothelial cells has been speculated to contribute in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome ( DHF/DSS ) . Rho-family GTPase Rac1 is a significant element of endothelial barrie... | An important clinical characteristic of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome is increased vascular permeability . Actin cytoskeleton is a significant element of endothelial barrier function regulation . In vitro study showed that dengue virus infection could induce redistributions of actin cytoskeleton . It i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2010 | Roles of Small GTPase Rac1 in the Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton during Dengue Virus Infection |
As a member of the large Ran-binding protein family , Ran-binding protein 9 ( RANBP9 ) has been suggested to play a critical role in diverse cellular functions in somatic cell lineages in vitro , and this is further supported by the neonatal lethality phenotype in Ranbp9 global knockout mice . However , the exact molec... | Male fertility depends on successful production of functional sperm . Sperm are produced through spermatogenesis , a process of male germ cell proliferation and differentiation in the testis . Most of the genes involved in spermatogenesis are transcribed and processed into multiple isoforms , which are mainly achieved ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"alternative",
"splicing",
"meiosis",
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"physiological",
"processes",
"spermatogenesis",
"rna",
"processing",
"cell",
"biology",
"physiology",
"gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
... | 2014 | RAN-Binding Protein 9 is Involved in Alternative Splicing and is Critical for Male Germ Cell Development and Male Fertility |
The progression of a natural bacterial infection is a dynamic process influenced by the physiological characteristics of the target organ . Recent developments in live animal imaging allow for the study of the dynamic microbe-host interplay in real-time as the infection progresses within an organ of a live host . Here ... | When bacteria such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli ( UPEC ) infect a living kidney , they face numerous physiological challenges such as the flow of urine . Bacteria need to attach themselves to the epithelial linings of the kidney to withstand this flow . In this work we use a live animal imaging model to study how ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"nephrology",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Uropathogenic Escherichia coli P and Type 1 Fimbriae Act in Synergy in a Living Host to Facilitate Renal Colonization Leading to Nephron Obstruction |
Fragile X syndrome , a common form of inherited mental retardation , is caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein ( FMRP ) . We have previously demonstrated that dFmr1 , the Drosophila ortholog of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene , plays a role in the proper maintenance of germline stem cells in... | Fragile X syndrome , the most common cause of inherited mental retardation , results from the loss of functional Fragile X mental retardation protein ( FMRP ) . FMRP is an RNA-binding protein and is known to bind to specific mRNAs and regulate their translation both in vitro and in vivo . Previous studies have suggeste... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function"
] | 2009 | The Bantam microRNA Is Associated with Drosophila Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein and Regulates the Fate of Germline Stem Cells |
Onset of terminal differentiation in adult stem cell lineages is commonly marked by robust activation of new transcriptional programs required to make the appropriate differentiated cell type ( s ) . In the Drosophila male germ line stem cell lineage , the switch from proliferating spermatogonia to spermatocyte is acco... | Selective gene expression is crucial to making different cell types over the course of the development of an organism . In stem cell lineages , precursor cells terminally differentiate into defined cell types , with onset of terminal differentiation associated with activation of stage- and cell type-specific transcript... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Recruitment of Mediator Complex by Cell Type and Stage-Specific Factors Required for Tissue-Specific TAF Dependent Gene Activation in an Adult Stem Cell Lineage |
The endemic countries are in a diagnostic dilemma concerning Schistosoma japonicum with increasing difficulties in diagnosing the infected individuals . The formol-ethyl acetate sedimentation concentration technique is preferred by many clinical microbiology laboratories for the detection of parasites in stool samples ... | Schistosoma japonicum is parasitic fluke ( worm ) found in China , Indonesia and the Philippines . A lot of effort has been put into combating the parasite , and the result has been a large drop in the number of infected people over the last decades . The average infected person also now has few worms , and hence excre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"microbiology/applied",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | Low Sensitivity of the Formol-Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation Concentration Technique in Low-Intensity Schistosoma japonicum Infections |
Few studies evaluating inapparent dengue virus ( DENV ) infections have been conducted in China . In 2013 , a large outbreak of DENV occurred in the city of Zhongshan , located in Southern China , which provided an opportunity to assess the clinical spectrum of disease . During the outbreak , an investigation of 887 in... | In this report , we evaluated individuals with symptomatic and asymptomatic dengue virus ( DENV ) infections during a 2013 DENV outbreak in Southern China , as well as performed post-outbreak serological testing for DENV IgG antibodies , to better understand DENV transmission . These findings suggest a high rate of asy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Evaluation of Inapparent Dengue Infections During an Outbreak in Southern China |
The TRIM family proteins share a conserved arrangement of three adjacent domains , an N-terminal RING domain , followed by one or two B-boxes and a coiled-coil , which constitutes the tripartite-motif for which the family is named . However , the C-termini of TRIM proteins vary , and include at least nine evolutionaril... | The TRIM5 gene encodes TRIM5α , a protein that blocks infection of the cell by retroviruses . We previously found that the TRIM5α protein of old world monkeys was highly polymorphic . Here , we describe a substitution in a highly conserved , non-coding element normally required for correct splicing of TRIM5α messenger ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics"
] | 2008 | Evolution of a TRIM5-CypA Splice Isoform in Old World Monkeys |
A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to decode human brain activity—that is , to infer mental processes from observed patterns of whole-brain activation . Previous decoding efforts have focused on classifying brain activity into a small set of discrete cognitive states . To attain maximal utility , a decoding fr... | A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to decode human brain activity—i . e . , to be able to infer mental processes from observed patterns of whole-brain activity . However , existing approaches to brain decoding suffer from a number of important limitations—for example , they often work only in one narrow domain... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"learning",
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"linguistics",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging"... | 2017 | Decoding brain activity using a large-scale probabilistic functional-anatomical atlas of human cognition |
The eukaryotic protein kinase ( ePK ) domain mediates the majority of signaling and coordination of complex events in eukaryotes . By contrast , most bacterial signaling is thought to occur through structurally unrelated histidine kinases , though some ePK-like kinases ( ELKs ) and small molecule kinases are known in b... | The huge growth in sequence databases allows the characterization of every protein sequence by comparison with its relatives . Sequence comparisons can reveal both the key conserved functional motifs that define protein families and the variations specific to individual subfamilies , thus decorating any protein sequenc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Structural and Functional Diversity of the Microbial Kinome |
Metabolic traits are molecular phenotypes that can drive clinical phenotypes and may predict disease progression . Here , we report results from a metabolome- and genome-wide association study on 1H-NMR urine metabolic profiles . The study was conducted within an untargeted approach , employing a novel method for compo... | The concentrations of small molecules known as metabolites , are subject to tight regulation in all organisms . Collectively , the metabolite concentrations make up the metabolome , which differs amongst individuals as a function of their environment and genetic makeup . In our study , we have further developed an unta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"systems",
"biology",
"medicine",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"functional",
"genomics",
"genome",
"scans",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | Genome-Wide Association Study of Metabolic Traits Reveals Novel Gene-Metabolite-Disease Links |
Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 ( IRF8 ) is required for development , maturation and expression of anti-microbial defenses of myeloid cells . BXH2 mice harbor a severely hypomorphic allele at Irf8 ( Irf8R294C ) that causes susceptibility to infection with intracellular pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis . W... | Cerebral malaria is a severe and often lethal complication from infection with Plasmodium falciparum which is driven in part by pathological host inflammatory response to parasitized red cells′ adherence in the brain microvasculature . However , the pathways that initiate and amplify this pathological neuroinflammation... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"genetic",
"networks",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"activation",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"immune",
"defense",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"in... | 2013 | Irf8-Regulated Genomic Responses Drive Pathological Inflammation during Cerebral Malaria |
Cholera , an ancient scourge , continues to inflict high rates of mortality today . The rising incidence of epidemics in areas of poor sanitation and crowding highlight the need for better epidemic prevention and early response . Such interventions require the availability of rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques to... | Rising prevalence of cholera outbreaks highlights the need for accurate detection tools . Diagnosing cholera early at the onset of an epidemic , at field level , should allow for a more timely response and a quick containment of the spread and thus a diminished case load . Currently the gold standard to identify the ba... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"test",
"evaluation",
"cholera",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"gastrointestinal",
"infections"
] | 2012 | Review of Two Decades of Cholera Diagnostics – How Far Have We Really Come? |
Human primary glioblastomas ( GBM ) often harbor mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) . Treatment of EGFR-mutant GBM cell lines with the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib can effectively induce cell death in these models . However , EGFR inhibitors have shown little efficacy in the... | In vivo inhibition of tumor expansion requires a sufficient amount of therapeutic agent to be present in the tumor tissue . A number of factors affect drug concentrations including the maximum tolerated dose , pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profiles . We present a computational modeling platform incorporating bo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nervous",
"system",
"dose",
"prediction",
"methods",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"blood-brain",
"barrier",
"toxicology",
"oncology",
"toxicity",
"p... | 2018 | Mathematical modeling identifies optimum lapatinib dosing schedules for the treatment of glioblastoma patients |
Model genetic systems are invaluable , but limit us to understanding only a few organisms in detail , missing the variations in biological processes that are performed by related organisms . One such diverse process is the formation of magnetosome organelles by magnetotactic bacteria . Studies of model magnetotactic α-... | Model organisms are used to understand biological processes in genetic and molecular detail . However , some interesting processes lack model organisms , and many would benefit from their study in diverse organisms . Bacteria are an enormously diverse domain of life that contains only a few well-studied model systems ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology"
] | 2015 | A Genetic Strategy for Probing the Functional Diversity of Magnetosome Formation |
Understanding how multiple signals are integrated in living cells to produce a balanced response is a major challenge in biology . Two-component signal transduction pathways , such as bacterial chemotaxis , comprise histidine protein kinases ( HPKs ) and response regulators ( RRs ) . These are used to sense and respond... | Chemotactic bacteria sense nutrient gradients and swim towards better environments for growth . A cluster of receptors in the cell membrane detects nutrient levels and signals via a cytoplasmic signaling pathway to the flagellum . The complexity of this signaling pathway varies across different bacterial species . The ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks"
] | 2010 | Modeling Chemotaxis Reveals the Role of Reversed Phosphotransfer and a Bi-Functional Kinase-Phosphatase |
Dengue virus ( DV ) infection is one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases in the tropics . Recently , the severe forms , dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) and dengue shock syndrome ( DSS ) , have become the leading cause of death among children in Southern Vietnam . Protective and/or pathogenic T cell immunity ... | Dengue has become one of the most common viral diseases transmitted by infected mosquitoes ( with any of the four dengue virus serotypes: DEN-1 , -2 , -3 , or -4 ) . It may present as asymptomatic or illness , ranging from mild to severe disease . Recently , the severe forms , dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) and dengu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"immunology/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseas... | 2008 | Protective and Enhancing HLA Alleles, HLA-DRB1*0901 and HLA-A*24, for Severe Forms of Dengue Virus Infection, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome |
We previously identified a novel gene family dispersed in the genome of Schistosoma japonicum by retrotransposon-mediated gene duplication mechanism . Although many transcripts were identified , no homolog was readily identifiable from sequence information . Here , we utilized structural homology modeling and biochemic... | While isolating membrane-bound and secreted proteins as targets for Schistosoma japonicum vaccine , we identified a novel potentially functional gene family which had originated by a gene duplication mechanism . Here , we integrated structural homology modeling and biochemical methods to show that this gene family enco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genome",
"databases",
"functional",
"genomics",
"proteoglycans",
"sequence",
"databases",
"schistosomiasis",
"genome",
"evolution",
"comparative",
... | 2014 | Characterization of a Gene Family Encoding SEA (Sea-urchin Sperm Protein, Enterokinase and Agrin)-Domain Proteins with Lectin-Like and Heme-Binding Properties from Schistosoma japonicum |
Secondary bacterial infections contribute to the excess morbidity and mortality of influenza A virus ( IAV ) infection . Disruption of lung integrity and impaired antibacterial immunity during IAV infection participate in colonization and dissemination of the bacteria out of the lungs . One key feature of IAV infection... | Secondary bacterial infections constitute a leading cause of mortality during influenza epidemics and pandemics . Acute infections trigger the mobilization of myeloid cells from the bone marrow ( BM ) to the infected tissues , a process referred to as emergency myelopoiesis . Influenza infection leads to a profound alt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"cytokines",
"body",
"fluids",
"influenza",
"pathogens",
"imm... | 2018 | Alteration of Flt3-Ligand-dependent de novo generation of conventional dendritic cells during influenza infection contributes to respiratory bacterial superinfection |
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