[
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_0",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "豌豆种皮色中有灰色和白色，灰色（G）对白色（g）为显性。一豌豆植株自交产生了108粒灰色籽粒、37粒白色籽粒，该植株的基因型为\nA. GG\nB. gg\nC. Gg\nD. 无法确定"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "高等生物细胞质遗传物质的载体有\nA. 噬菌体\nB. 质体\nC. 质粒\nD. 线粒体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_2",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "杂合体减数分裂终变期会出现四体环或四体链的染色体结构变异类型是\nA. 易位\nB. 重复\nC. 倒位\nD. 缺失"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_3",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "哺乳动物的性别由以下什么因素决定\nA. 剂量补偿\nB. 取决于环境因素\nC. Y染色体决定\nD. X-染色体和常染色体的平衡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_4",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "用放射性32P标记实验前的噬菌体的DNA，然后让它去感染含31P的细菌。实验后，含32P的是\nA. 部分子代噬菌体的DNA\nB. 全部子代噬菌体的DNA\nC. 全部子代噬菌体的蛋白质外壳\nD. 部分子代噬菌体的蛋白质外壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_5",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在形成性细胞的减数分裂中，染色体数目的减半发生在\nA. 前期I\nB. 后期II\nC. 前期II\nD. 后期I"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_6",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于遗传密码特征的描述中，哪一个是错误的\nA. 真核生物内显子的存在表明遗传密码可以是非连续的\nB. 多数氨基酸可以由两种或两种以上的密码子编码\nC. 三个碱基决定一个氨基酸\nD. 病毒的遗传密码和人类核基因的遗传密码是通用的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_7",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "已知a，b，c3对基因独立遗传。基因型为AaBbCc的个体自交后代有纯合基因型\nA. 4种\nB. 2种\nC. 8种\nD. 1种"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_8",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "细胞减数分裂过程中，非同源染色体的自由组合发生在\nA. 后期I\nB. 中期I\nC. 中期II\nD. 后期II"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_9",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于基因的概念，错误的叙述是\nA. 基因是控制生物性状的遗传物质的结构单位和功能单位\nB. 基因是DNA上有一定功能的特异碱基排列顺序\nC. 基因是染色体的一段\nD. 基因是有遗传效应的DNA片段"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_10",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "栽培马铃薯是一个同源四倍体（2n=48），其单倍体在减数分裂时可能出现的配对形式包括\nA. 四价体、三价体、二价体和单价体\nB. 三价体、二价体和单价体\nC. 二价体和单价体\nD. 二价体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_11",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "遗传学上把同一植物上的自花授粉或同株上的异花授粉称为\nA. 自交\nB. 测交\nC. 杂交\nD. 回交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_12",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列DNA损伤修复途径中，哪种途径通常能够恢复碱基序列的正确性\nA. SOS修复\nB. 复制后修复\nC. 直接修复\nD. 双链断裂修复"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_13",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酵母抑制型小菌落突变类型与正常菌落杂交后代中\nA. 全部为正常菌落\nB. 全部为小菌落\nC. 等比例的正常菌落和小菌落\nD. 不定比例的正常菌落和小菌落"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_14",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "玉米T型不育系是属于孢子体不育型，用S（rr）雌性×N（RR）雄性，F2育性表现为\nA. 3/4可育植株:1/4不育植株\nB. 全部植株花粉可育\nC. 同一植株上3/4花粉可育:1/4花粉不育\nD. 3/4植株表现穗上花粉育性分离:1/4植株完全不育"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_15",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一个小麦杂交组合的F三个世代的粒重方差分别为500，400和450，则该杂交组合粒重的狭义遗传率为\nA. 30%\nB. 15%\nC. 85%\nD. 60%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_16",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "细胞分裂中期，染色体\nA. 收缩到最粗最短分布于细胞核中\nB. 呈松散状态分散于细胞质中\nC. 呈松散状态分散于细胞核中\nD. 收缩到最粗最短分布于赤道板上"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_17",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据红色面包霉的研究，提出“一个基因一种酶”理论的科学家是\nA. Gregor Mendel\nB. Beadle G.W\nC. Avery O. T\nD. Barbara McClintock"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_18",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一个小麦杂交组合的F2，B1，B2三个世代的粒重方差分别为500，400和450，则该杂交组合粒重的狭义遗传率为\nA. 60%\nB. 85%\nC. 15%\nD. 30%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_19",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下哪一类型的染色体畸变不能回到野生型的状态\nA. 重复\nB. 缺失\nC. A和C均是\nD. 转位"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_20",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪些叙述是正确的\nA. 外显子在基因组和 cDNA 中顺序相同\nB. 人体中的所有细胞表达相同的一套基因\nC. 人体中的所有细胞均按相同的方式拼接每个基因的 RNA\nD. 内含子通常被翻译"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_21",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "将一对等位基因的杂合体做亲本逐代自交三次，F3代纯合体的比例为\nA. 3/4\nB. 15/16\nC. 7/8\nD. 1/8"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_22",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "大肠杆菌的染色体为\nA. 单链线状DNA分子\nB. 双链线状DNA分子\nC. 单链环状DNA分子\nD. 双链环状DNA分子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_23",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人类中的红绿色盲为隐性伴性遗传，如果一色盲携带者（XCXc）与一正常男性结婚，子代中男孩的表现型是\nA. ½色盲，½正常\nB. 全为色盲\nC. ¾色盲，¼正常\nD. 全为正常"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_24",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在普通光学显微镜下，可识别的染色体形态不包括\nA. 染色体大小\nB. 着丝粒位置\nC. 着丝粒大小\nD. 随体大小"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_25",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列染色体结构变异体中，生活力和配子育性最低的是\nA. 倒位纯合体\nB. 缺失纯合体\nC. 易位纯合体\nD. 重复纯合体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_26",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在估算异花授粉植物广义遗传率时，可以用来估计性状环境方差的是\nA. 回交世代的表现方差\nB. F1的表现方差\nC. F2的表现方差\nD. 亲本的表现方差"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_27",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "栽培大麦（2n=14）有丝分裂中期细胞内具有的染色单体数目为\nA. 14条\nB. 7条\nC. 28条\nD. 42条"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_28",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一对同源染色体\nA. 在细胞分裂间期配对平行排列\nB. 总是带有相同的基因\nC. 形态和结构相同\nD. 来源于生物同一亲本"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_29",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在细胞分裂前期，发生的是\nA. 染色质卷缩成为染色体\nB. 染色体解螺旋成为染色质\nC. 染色体卷缩为染色体质\nD. 染色质解螺旋成为染色体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_30",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "香蕉是一个同源三倍体(2n=33)，其同源染色体在减数分裂时可能出现的配对形式包括\nA. 三价体和单价体\nB. 二价体和单价体\nC. 三价体、二价体和单价体\nD. 三价体和四价体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_31",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "F1产生杂种优势的遗传基础是\nA. 基因型杂合一致\nB. 表现型纯合一致\nC. 基因型纯合一致\nD. 表现型杂合一致"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_32",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "个体的基因型是XXXY，它的表现型是\nA. 雄性或雌性\nB. 雌性\nC. 雄性\nD. 雌雄同体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_33",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面是对数量性状特点的几点描述，其中哪一个是错误的\nA. 也受遗传的制约，但本质上与孟德尔式遗传完全不同\nB. 易受环境的影响而变异\nC. 受许多基因共同作用的结果，其中每个基因的单独作用较小\nD. 界限不分明，不易分类，表现连续变异"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_34",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于基因组文库中的克隆片段，以下正确的是\nA. 以上都不对\nB. 包括了所有的基因信息\nC. 只包括了表达基因的信息\nD. 不带有内含子序列"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_35",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于病毒遗传物质的叙述，下列哪一项正确的\nA. 都是RNA\nB. 同时存在DNA和RNA\nC. 都是DNA\nD. 有的是DNA，有的是RNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_36",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "豌豆中，高茎(T)对矮茎(t)为显性，黄子叶(Y)对绿子叶(y)为显性，假定这两个位点的遗传符合孟德尔第二定律，若把真实遗传的高茎黄子叶个体与矮茎绿子叶个体进行杂交，F2代中矮茎黄子叶的概率是\nA. 1/16 \nB. 3/16\nC. 1/16\nD. 1/8"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_37",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "6如果用三点测验法对三对连锁基因定位，必须进行\nA. 一次杂交和一次测交\nB. 杂交、自交和回交各一次\nC. 两次杂交和两次测交\nD. 三次杂交和三次测交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_38",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "紫茉莉绿白斑遗传实验中，绿色、白色、绿白斑三种枝条上的花粉分别给绿色枝条上的花授粉时，杂种植株表现为\nA. 绿白斑\nB. 绿色\nC. 绿色、白色、绿白斑\nD. 白色"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_39",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "遗传信息传递的中心法则表明\nA. 细胞内遗传信息传递是单向的\nB. 细胞内RNA分子只能由DNA转录产生\nC. 细胞内蛋白质只能由RNA指导合成\nD. 细胞内DNA只有通过自我复制产生"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_40",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "受体酪氨酸激酶\nA. 配体结合后不发生二聚化\nB. 有一个胞质激酶区\nC. 其配体一般是甾类物质\nD. 配体结合胞质区使受体构型发生改变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_41",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "同源四倍体往往比其二倍体原始种\nA. 开花早而多\nB. 生长发育快\nC. 结实率高\nD. 气孔大"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_42",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "唐氏(Turner)综合症人群的染色体为非整倍体，因为\nA. 有一整套额外的染色体\nB. 缺少一条染色体\nC. 第22条染色多了一个拷贝\nD. 有一条额外的X染色体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_43",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "按分子遗传学的观点，突变的最小单位是\nA. 基因\nB. 顺反子\nC. 突变子\nD. 重组子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_44",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下哪一类型的细菌遗传交换，必需以直接的细胞与细胞的接触为前提\nA. 转化\nB. 以上所有\nC. 接合\nD. 转导"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_45",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在核质互作雄性不育型中，具有S(rr)遗传组成的品系是\nA. 保持系\nB. 不育系\nC. 全恢复系\nD. 半恢复系"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_46",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "通过下列哪种途径不能得到同源三倍体\nA. 未减数的二倍性雌配子和正常雄配子结合\nB. 两个精核进入同一胚囊和一个卵核结合\nC. 用秋水仙素处理二倍体\nD. 用同源四倍体为母本，与同一物种的二倍体杂交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_47",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "反转录酶催化的过程是\nA. DNA→RNA\nB. RNA→DNA\nC. tRNA→mRNA\nD. rRNA→DNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_48",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于p53 基因，下列哪项描述不对\nA. 其表达产物功能可以被某些病毒蛋白抑制\nB. 编码一个转录因子\nC. 是一个抑癌基因\nD. 一般不发生突变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_49",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列那种叙述不是细胞质遗传所特有的\nA. 细胞质遗传属母性遗传因此也称母性影响\nB. 遗传方式是非孟德尔遗传\nC. 不能在染色体上进行基因定位\nD. F1代的正反交结果不同"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_50",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "栽培大麦（2n=14）有丝分裂中期细胞内具有的染色单体数目为\nA. 28条\nB. 14条\nC. 7条\nD. 42条"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_51",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "如果用三点测验法进行3对连锁基因定位，需要进行\nA. 三次杂交和三次测交\nB. 一次杂交，一次自交和一次测交\nC. 两次杂交和两次测交\nD. 一次杂交和一次测交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_52",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "利用花粉直感现象测定基因突变频率时，在亲本配置上\nA. 用纯合显性个体作母本\nB. 无需考虑母本遗传组成\nC. 用纯合隐性个体母本\nD. 用杂合体作母本"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_53",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪些关于 ras 说法是不正确的\nA. 基因突变可能在结构上活化 Ras，从而不水解 GTP\nB. 基因常发生突变，突变能在 V-ras 或 C-ras 发生\nC. ras 蛋白直接结合到胞外配体上\nD. 有时可能通过野生型 Ras 蛋白的过量表达而引起肿瘤发生"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_54",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "雄性不育系（ms/ms）×杂合可育株（Ms/ms）的F1\nA. 全为不育株\nB. 全为可育株\nC. 可育株和不育株各占1/2\nD. 3/4为可育株，1/4为不育株"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_55",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "已知栽培大麦的体细胞有7对同源染色体，则有丝分裂中期细胞内有染色体\nA. 14条\nB. 42条\nC. 28条\nD. 7条"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_56",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "重复杂合体在减数分裂配对时形成的重复圈中包含\nA. 两条重复染色体\nB. 一条重复染色体\nC. 两条正常染色体\nD. 一条正常染色体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_57",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "研究人类性状遗传较好的方法是\nA. 进行x2卡平方检验\nB. 以上所有方法\nC. 构建和评估家族系谱图\nD. 进行可控的交配实验"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_58",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "光颖、抗锈、无芒（ppRRAA）小麦和毛颖、感锈、有芒（PPrraa）小麦杂交，已知3对基因互不连锁。试问要从F2中选出270株毛颖、抗锈、无芒个体，F2至少要种植\nA. 810株\nB. 7290株\nC. 270株\nD. 640株"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_59",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生物的主要遗传物质是\nA. RNA\nB. 酶\nC. 蛋白质\nD. DNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_60",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在某些条件下，X染色体的某些部位趋向于断裂。具有这种症状的综合症是\nA. 特纳综合症\nB. 脆性X染色体病\nC. 普来德-威利综合征\nD. 猫叫综合征"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_61",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在杂交实验中，亲代的成员间进行杂交产生的后代被称为\nA. F代\nB. F2代\nC. 亲代\nD. F1代"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_62",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "父亲正常，母亲患红绿色盲，生了一个性染色体为XXY的不色盲儿子。该儿子多出的一条染色体来自\nA. 卵细胞\nB. 精子和卵细胞\nC. 精子或卵细胞\nD. 精子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_63",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "基因型为XXY的群体，它的表型是\nA. 雌性\nB. 雄性\nC. 雌性或雄性\nD. 雌雄同体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_64",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "遗传漂变最易发生在\nA. 随机交配的大群体中\nB. 基因频率为1的群体中\nC. 基因型频率为1的群体中\nD. 数量很少的有限群体中"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_65",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "同源染色体的配对，发在减数分裂Ⅰ的\nA. 细线期\nB. 偶线期\nC. 双线期\nD. 粗线期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_66",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某个体发生了隐性突变，在自交后代中，突变性状的表现和检出突变纯合体分别是\nA. 第二代表现，第三代纯合\nB. 第二代表现，第二代纯合\nC. 第一代表现，第二代纯合\nD. 第一代表现，第一代纯合"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_67",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "遗传漂变指的是\nA. 基因频率的降低\nB. 基因频率在小群体中的随机增减\nC. 基因由A变为a或由a变为A\nD. 基因频率的增加"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_68",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "DNA半保留复制的含义是新合成的DNA分子中\nA. 保留亲代DNA分子一条单链\nB. 保留亲代DNA分子一半的核糖\nC. 保留亲代DNA分子半条双链\nD. 保留亲代DNA分子一半的碱基"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_69",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在人类中，褐色眼（B）对蓝色眼（b）为显性性状。一个褐色眼的男性与一个褐色眼的女性结婚，他们生了3个蓝色眼的女儿。决定父亲和母亲眼睛颜色的基因型分别是\nA. Bb和Bb\nB. Bb和bb\nC. BB和BB\nD. BB和Bb"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_70",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某3个连锁基因杂种的亲本型配子是BDE和bde，双交换型配子是bdE各BDe。由此可知，3个基因在染色体上的排列顺序是\nA. EDB\nB. DBE\nC. BDE\nD. BED"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_71",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于连锁基因的说法，正确的是\nA. 在同一个细胞核里\nB. 通过着丝粒连接的\nC. 仅在性染色体上出现\nD. 出现在同一条染色体上"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_72",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "果蝇生殖细胞的细胞核内有几条染色体\nA. 4\nB. 8\nC. 12\nD. 2"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_73",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列几种基因突变中，对生物个体影响最大的是\nA. 错义突变\nB. 同义突变\nC. 移码突变\nD. 中性突变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_74",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "决定狭义遗传率大小的因子是\nA. 平均数与加性方差\nB. 遗传方差与表现型方差\nC. 平均数与表现型方差\nD. 加性方差与表现型方差"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_75",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一只大熊猫的不同组织细胞中，所含的DNA和RNA是\nA. DNA相同，RNA不相同\nB. DNA不相同，RNA相同\nC. DNA相同，RNA也相同\nD. DNA不相同，RNA也不相同"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_76",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "缺失定位是利用缺失的哪种遗传效应确定某些基因在染色体上的位置\nA. 降低重组率\nB. 半不育\nC. 假显性现象\nD. 部分不育"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_77",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一个具有三对杂合基因的杂种自交，子代群体的应有基因型\nA. 27种\nB. 8种\nC. 16种\nD. 9种"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_78",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "已知两对基因独立遗传，F2代分离比例为15:1。则两对基因间存在\nA. 互补作用\nB. 积加作用\nC. 抑制作用\nD. 重叠作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_79",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面哪个家庭可能产生O血型的小孩\nA. AB型父亲和A型母亲\nB. AB血型父亲和O型母亲\nC. A血型夫妇\nD. AB型父亲和B型母亲"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_80",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "两对非等位基因连锁，对其杂种的100个孢母细胞进行检查，发现有15个孢母细胞在两基因相连区段内发生了交换，则其交换值为\nA. 30%\nB. 15%\nC. 7.50%\nD. 5%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_81",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "染色体的某一部位增加了自己的某一区段的染色体结构变异称为\nA. 易位\nB. 缺失\nC. 倒位\nD. 重复"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_82",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一条染色体上的一个区域与同一条染色体上的另一区域发生交换，这种畸变属于什么类型\nA. 倒位\nB. 重复\nC. 缺失\nD. 转换"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_83",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人类白化症是常染色体单基因隐性遗传病，这意味着白化症患者的双亲必须\nA. 双亲都是白化症患者\nB. 双亲之一是携携带者\nC. 双亲都是纯合体\nD. 双亲都是致病基因携带者"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_84",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "用两个玉米自交系进行杂交，在后代中出现某一性状极端个体的频率为1/256，推测控制该性状的基因对数可能为\nA. 3\nB. 2\nC. 4\nD. 5"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_85",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "魏斯曼(A.Weismann)代表性的遗传学说是\nA. 种质连续论\nB. 获得性状遗传\nC. 泛生论\nD. 突变论"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_86",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "紫外线诱发生物突变最有效波长和DNA最大吸收紫外线光谱分别是\nA. 280nm与280nm\nB. 260nm与260nm\nC. 280nm与260nm\nD. 260nm与280nm"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_87",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据人类血型遗传知识，可以鉴别亲子间的血缘关系。已知父母中之一方AB血型，另一方为Ｏ血型，其子女的血型可能是\nA. O型\nB. A型或B型\nC. A型\nD. AB型"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_88",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "被遗传学家作为研究对象的理想生物，应具有哪些特征？\nA. 以上均是理想的特征\nB. 相对较短的生命周期\nC. 种群中的各个个体的遗传差异较大\nD. 每次交配产生大量的子代"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_89",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "最早根据杂交实验的结果建立起遗传学基本原理的科学家是\nA. Barbara McClintock\nB. Aristotle\nC. James D.Watson\nD. Gregor Mendel"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_90",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "最深红粒的小麦和白粒小麦杂交，F1为中间类型的红粒，F2中大约有1/64为白粒，其余为由深至浅的红色籽粒。由此可以判断控制该性状的基因有\nA. 1对\nB. 3对\nC. 4对\nD. 2对"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_91",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在核—质互作雄性不育中，S（rfrf）雌性×N（rfrf）雄性交配，后代基因型及育性为\nA. S（rfrf），雄性可育\nB. N（rfrf），雄性不育\nC. N（rfrf），雄性可育\nD. S（rfrf），雄性不育"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_92",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一个同源三倍体的单式杂合体(Aaa)，如果按染色体随机分离，不考虑配子育性等其它因素的影响，形成a配子的比例为\nA. 1/3\nB. 1/12\nC. 1/6\nD. 1/4"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_93",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对一个生物个体细胞有丝分裂进行细胞学检查，发现后期出现染色体桥，表明该生物个体可能含有\nA. 相互易位\nB. 臂间倒位\nC. 顶端缺失\nD. 臂内倒位"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_94",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "突变的重演性是\nA. 显性基因突变为隐性基因或隐性基因突变为显性基因\nB. 同一突变可以在同一个体的不同基因上多次发生\nC. 同一突变可以在同种生物的不同个体上多次发生\nD. 同一基因能多次重复产生一种突变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_95",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "真核基因常常断裂，这\nA. 意味着初始转录子不需要先加工后才能被翻译为蛋白质\nB. 表明编码的外显子被非编码的内含子隔开\nC. 提示真核DNA是线性的，并分散在各个染色体中。因此基因可能一部分在一条染色体上，而另一部分在另一条染色体上\nD. 反映了真核 mRNA 是多顺反子的事实"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_96",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "连锁遗传规律适用于\nA. 不同染色体上的非等位基因间\nB. 同一染色体上的等位基因间\nC. 不同染色体上的等位基因间\nD. 同一染色体上的非等位基因间"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_97",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "高等植物的10个花粉母细胞可以形成40个\nA. 花粉粒\nB. 卵细胞\nC. 胚囊\nD. 精核"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_98",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "细胞分裂时，细胞质中的细胞器分配不均等，所以由叶绿体、线粒体上的基因决定的性状，具有不同于染色体上的基因决定的性状的遗传规律。例如\nA. 人的ABO血型\nB. 水稻的有芒与无芒\nC. 紫茉莉的绿枝条与白枝条\nD. 玉米的甜粒与非甜粒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_99",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "细胞减数分裂过程中，非姊妹染色单体的相互交换主要发生在\nA. 细线期\nB. 双线期\nC. 粗线期\nD. 偶线期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_100",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人类的血管性假血友病基因位于第12号染色体上，目前该病有20多种类型，这表明基因突变具有\nA. 可逆性\nB. 重复性\nC. 随机性\nD. 多方向性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_101",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在下列各种基因型中，哪一种能产生8种类型配子\nA. AABbddEe\nB. aaBbEe\nC. AaBBDdEe\nD. DdHhee"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_102",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一对夫妻都正常，他们的父母也正常，妻子的弟弟是色盲。请你预测，他们的儿子是色盲的几率是\nA. /1/8\nB. 1/2\nC. 1/4\nD. 1"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_103",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "受一对基因控制的相对性状，在完全显性情况下，杂种F2代表现型的分离比例为\nA. 1:1\nB. 2:1\nC. 1:2:1\nD. 3:1"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_104",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "要使两对基因杂合体自交后代群体纯合率达到96%以上，至少应该连续自交\nA. 7代\nB. 4代\nC. 5代\nD. 6代"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_105",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "很多科学家认为，多基因家族（比如，珠蛋白基因）的进化是由于以下哪一种遗传重组的结果\nA. 倒位\nB. 重复\nC. 易位\nD. 缺失"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_106",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "豌豆籽粒黄色对绿色为显性，圆粒对皱粒为显性，红花对白花为显性。以黄色、圆粒、红花亲本与绿色、皱粒、白花亲本杂交(YYRRCC×yyrrcc)，试问F2代中基因型为YyRRCc的个体比率为\nA. 1/64\nB. 1/16\nC. 1/8\nD. 1/32"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_107",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "用红花纯合体与白花纯合体杂交，杂种F1代全部为红花，因此红花为\nA. 显性性状\nB. 质量性状\nC. 单位性状\nD. 隐性性状"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_108",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "已知普通小麦2n=6x=42=AABBDD，它的每个染色体组含有的染色体\nA. 21条\nB. 6条\nC. 7条\nD. 2条"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_109",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "细胞与组织的特异性取决于\nA. 染色质的状态\nB. 特异的 DNA 序列\nC. 特异的基因的表达\nD. 组蛋白与 DNA 的相互作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_110",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面是对基因型和表现型关系的叙述，其中错误的是\nA. 在相同生活环境中，基因型相同，表现型一定相同\nB. 基因型相同，表现型一定相同\nC. 在相同生活环境中，表现型相同，基因型不一定相同\nD. 表现型相同，基因型不一定相同"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_111",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "如果连续多代回交，则回交后代基因型将趋于\nA. 杂种F1\nB. 母本\nC. 非轮回亲本\nD. 轮回亲本"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_112",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "利用细胞质核互作雄性不育生产杂交种，必须采用三系配套。所谓“三系”是指\nA. 不育系、自交系和恢复系\nB. 不育系、纯系和恢复系\nC. 不育系、自交系和保持系\nD. 不育系、保持系和恢复系"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_113",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "我国婚姻法规定禁止近亲结婚的理论依据是\nA. 近亲结婚违反社会的伦理道德\nB. 近亲结婚后代患遗传病的机会增大\nC. 近亲结婚必然使后代患遗传病\nD. 人类遗传病都是由隐性基因控制的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_114",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "突变时一种嘌呤变成另一种嘌呤，或一种嘧啶变成另一种嘧啶称为\nA. 颠换\nB. 转换\nC. 交换\nD. 转化"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_115",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列有关C质基因叙说中，哪一条是不正确的\nA. 细胞质基因通过雄配子传递\nB. 细胞质基因也能发生突变，并能把产生的变异传给后代，能引起核基因突变的因素，也能诱发细胞质基因突变\nC. 细胞质质基因也是按半保留方式进行自我复制，并能转录mRNA，最后在核糖体合成蛋白质\nD. 细胞质基因在细胞分裂时的分配是随机的，在子代的分布是不均等的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_116",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "广义遗传率是一个比率，其分子为遗传方差，分母为\nA. 表型方差\nB. 上位性方差\nC. 显性方差\nD. 加性方差"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_117",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于遗传与变异的关系，下列表述正确的是\nA. 遗传和变异都是绝对的\nB. 遗传是相对的，而变异是绝对的\nC. 遗传是绝对的，而变异是相对的\nD. 遗传和变异都是相对的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_118",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "如果群体中男性红绿色盲患者的表现型频率为0.08，且群体处于平衡状态。那么，女性表现正常但为红绿色盲携带者的频率是女性患者频率的\nA. 10倍\nB. 23倍\nC. 5倍\nD. 15倍"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_119",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于基因突变的叙述，错误的是\nA. 突变频率很低，但是多方向的\nB. 表现出亲代所没有的表现型叫基因突变\nC. 基因突变能够产生新的基因\nD. DNA分子中有遗传效应的片段中碱基发生变化的是基因突变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_120",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对于等位基因A和a，下列群体处于遗传平衡\nA. 49AA:14Aa:9aa\nB. 50AA:50aa\nC. 100AA:0aa\nD. 49AA:42Aa:9aa"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_121",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "普通小麦为异源六倍体作物（2n=6x=42），它可以形成单体\nA. 21种\nB. 42种\nC. 28种\nD. 7种"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_122",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "小麦高秆（D）对矮秆（d）为显性，抗锈病（R）对感锈病（r）为显性，现以高秆抗锈×矮秆感锈，杂交子代分离出15株高秆抗锈，17株高秆感锈，14株矮秆抗锈，16株矮秆感锈，可知其亲本基因型为=\nA. Ddrr×ddRr\nB. DdRr×ddrr\nC. DdRR×ddrr\nD. DDRr×ddrr"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_123",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "紫茉莉花斑性状受细胞质基因控制，用花斑枝条上的花自交，后代\nA. 有白色、绿色、花斑3种\nB. 全部为花斑\nC. 全部为绿色\nD. 全部为白色"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_124",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "减数分裂前期I可被分为5个时期，依次是\nA. 终变期→细线期→粗线期→偶线期→双线期\nB. 偶线期→双线期→细线期→终变期→粗线期\nC. 细线期→粗线期→偶线期→双线期→终变期\nD. 细线期→偶线期→粗线期→双线期→终变期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_125",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "为了证明DNA时遗传物质，Hershey和Chase所使用的实验生物是\nA. 大肠杆菌\nB. 酿酒酵母\nC. 黑腹果蝇\nD. 噬菌体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_126",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在细胞分裂末期，发生的是\nA. 染色体解螺旋成为染色质\nB. 染色质卷缩成为染色体\nC. 染色质解螺旋成为染色体\nD. 染色体卷缩成为染色质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_127",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在豌豆杂交实验中，黄色饱满对绿色皱缩为显性，基因型均为SsYy的F1代间进行杂交产生F2代，在F2代中，黄色饱满的种子所占的比例是多少\nA. 3/16\nB. 1/16\nC. 3/4\nD. 9/16"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_128",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下生物中，环境因素决定性别的是\nA. 乌龟\nB. 鸟类\nC. 蝴蝶\nD. 人类"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_129",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "单体减数分裂能够产生n和n-1两种四分体，其可育花粉粒中\nA. n>n-1\nB. n<n-1\nC. 不确定\nD. n=n-1"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_130",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "已知a和b的图距为20单位，从杂交后代测得的重组值仅为18％，说明其间的双交换值为\nA. 2%\nB. 4%\nC. 难以确定\nD. 1%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_131",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "非姐妹染色单体之间发生交换-可见交叉crossing-over，染色体/gene发生重组，出现在减数分裂前期的\nA. 细线期leptotenestage\nB. 双线期Dipleoidstage\nC. 粗线期Pachytenestage\nD. 偶线期zygotenestage"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_132",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于遗传学研究任务的各项描述中，错误的是\nA. 阐明生物遗传和变异的现象及其表现的规律\nB. 指导动植物、微生物的育种实践，提高医疗卫生水平\nC. 探索遗传和变异的原因及其物质基础，揭示其内在规律\nD. 证明生物性状表现受遗传因素控制，与环境因素无关"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_133",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某一植物中两个连锁基因间的交换值为20%，在双线期观察100个孢母细胞，在这两位点间形成交叉的孢母细胞应该有\nA. 40个\nB. 80个\nC. 10个\nD. 20个"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_134",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有一株单倍体，已知它具有两个染色体组，在减数分裂时发现其全部为单价体而不能联会，说明它是来自一个\nA. 单体植株\nB. 同源四倍体\nC. 同源多倍体\nD. 异源四倍体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_135",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "观察鉴定染色体数目和形态的最佳时期是细胞分裂\nA. 中期\nB. 前期\nC. 后期\nD. 间期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_136",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生物在繁殖过程中，亲子代之间传递的是\nA. 不同频率的基因型\nB. 亲代的性状\nC. 各种表现型\nD. 不同频率的基因"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_137",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人类的一个三体细胞包含的染色体数目是\nA. 45条\nB. 48条\nC. 47条\nD. 46条"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_138",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在质核不育型中，由N（rr）基因型植株组成的品系是\nA. 保持系\nB. 不育系\nC. 恢复系\nD. 纯合系"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_139",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "玉米条纹叶的性状受叶绿体基因和核基因共同控制。今以IjIj（绿）为母本，与ijij（条纹）杂交，F2代个体性状表现及比例为\nA. 全是条纹\nB. 1绿色：2条纹：1白化\nC. 3绿色：1条纹或白化\nD. 绿色：条纹：白化是随机的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_140",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在转化实验中，Griffiths使用的细菌的种类是\nA. 大肠杆菌\nB. 酿酒酵母\nC. 肺炎双球菌\nD. 蜡状芽孢杆菌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_141",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "顺反子\nA. 是指一个开放阅读框的遗传功能单位\nB. 在真核生物中，它一般等同于基因\nC. 指一个基因的全部序列\nD. 在原核生物中，它不等同于基因"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_142",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "突变的多方向性指\nA. 一个基因可以在同种生物的不同个体上发生突变\nB. 一个基因可以通过突变产生不同等位基因形式\nC. 一个基因可以在同一生物体的多个细胞内发生突变\nD. 一个基因可以通过突变转移到染色体的多个位置"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_143",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "达尔文的进化理论认为\nA. 自然选择是生物进化的主要动力\nB. 自然选择是生物变异的根本原因\nC. 生殖隔离是生物进化的主要动力\nD. 环境条件是生物变异的根本原因"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_144",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "杂合体能够引起花粉和胚囊均出现半不育的结构变异类型是\nA. 顺接重复\nB. 顶端缺失\nC. 相互易位\nD. 臂内倒位"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_145",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "杂种优势是指两个遗传组成不同的亲本之间杂交产生的杂种F1在哪些方面比亲本优越的现象\nA. 以上均是理想的特征\nB. 生长势和生活力\nC. 繁殖力和抗逆性\nD. 数量和大小"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_146",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "如果A-B两显性基因相引相的重组率为20％，那么A-b相斥相的重组率为\nA. 20%\nB. 40%\nC. 30%\nD. 80%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_147",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "通常把一个二倍体生物配子所具有的染色体称为该物种的\nA. 一个染色体组\nB. 一个同源组\nC. 一个单价体\nD. 一对同源染色体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_148",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在果蝇测交实验中，如果重组型个体占测交后代总数的16%，则\nA. 雌果蝇初级卵母细胞减数分裂时，有32%发生连锁基因间的染色单体发生互换\nB. 雄果蝇初级精母细胞减数分裂时，有16%的染色单体发生互换\nC. 雄果蝇初级精母细胞在减数分裂时，有32%发生连锁基因间的染色单体发生互换\nD. 雌果蝇初级卵母细胞减数分裂时，有16%的染色单体未发生互换"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_149",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下几种真核生物，遗传学家已广泛研究的包括\nA. 以上选项均是\nB. 玉米\nC. 酵母\nD. 果蝇"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_150",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "性连锁基因位于（）上：\nA. Y染色体\nB. X染色体\nC. A和B均正确\nD. 常染色体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_151",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对于复等位基因的任何基因，双倍体生物在一个基因座位上最多有多少个等位基因\nA. 10\nB. 6\nC. 2\nD. 1"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_152",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "老鼠中，毛色基因位于常染色体上，黑毛对白毛为完全显性，如果白毛与黑毛杂合体交配，子代将显示\nA. 所有个体都是灰色\nB. 黑毛：白毛=1：1\nC. 黑毛：白毛=3：1\nD. 全部黑毛"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_153",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以5'-A-A-T-C-C-G-C-A-T-3'为模板转录合成的RNA链的序列为\nA. 5'-U-U-A-G-G-C-G-T-A-3'\nB. 5'-A-U-G-C-G-G-A-U-U-3'\nC. 5'-A-T-G-C-G-G-A-T-T-3'\nD. 5'-T-T-A-G-G-C-G-T-A-3'"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_154",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "已知一个单位性状受两对独立遗传基因共同控制，AABB×aabb杂种F2代中，分离比例为9:7。则两对基因间的互作类型为\nA. 积加作用\nB. 重叠作用\nC. 互补作用\nD. 抑制作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_155",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血友病的遗传属于伴性遗传．某男孩为血友病患者，但他的父母亲、祖父母、外祖父母都不是患者。血友病基因在该家族中传递的顺序是\nA. 祖母→父亲→男孩\nB. 外祖父→母亲→男孩\nC. 外祖母→母亲→男孩\nD. 祖母→父亲→男孩祖父→父亲→男孩"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_156",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "噬菌体侵染细菌的实验，可以证明\nA. RNA是遗传物质\nB. DNA是主要的遗传物质\nC. 蛋白质是遗传物质\nD. DNA是遗传物质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_157",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "报道基因\nA. 用于检测蛋白活性\nB. 是用一个易于测定的编码区替换目的基因的编码区\nC. 是以一个易于测定的启动子区替换目的基因的启动子区\nD. 不可用于测定启动子何时，何处被激活"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_158",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在人类中，隐性性状在哪些人群中被表现出来\nA. 携带一个隐性等位基因的人\nB. 仅限于女性\nC. 每代人群都会表现\nD. 携带两个隐性等位基因的人"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_159",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "白猫与黑猫交配，F1都是白猫。F1相互交配，F2中白、黑、棕三种小猫的比例为12:3:1，是下列哪一种原因引起的\nA. 显性上位作用\nB. 隐性上位作用\nC. 抑制作用\nD. 互补作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_160",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)是\nA. 两个种的两个个体之间限制图谱的差别\nB. 两个等位基因之间限制图谱的差别\nC. 用于遗传指纹图谱的技术\nD. 单倍体的两种不同的限制图谱的差别"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_161",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "可以将两个正常连锁群改组为两个新的连锁群的结构变异是\nA. 重复\nB. 易位\nC. 缺失\nD. 倒位"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_162",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以某一种基因型纯合率的进度上作比较时，回交\nA. 小于自交\nB. 无法比较\nC. 等于自交\nD. 大于自交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_163",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在某些昆虫的幼虫中，多线染色体产生的原因是\nA. 在染色体复制之前，细胞分裂发生了几次\nB. 染色体发生了复制，但没有发生相对应的核分裂\nC. 一条染色体发生断裂，与同一条染色体的另一部位重新连接\nD. 在进行非等位交换时，一条染色体的一小部分发生了复制"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_164",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对一生物花粉母细胞减数分裂过程制片观察，发现后期I出现染色体桥，表明该个体可能是\nA. 臂间倒位杂合体\nB. 臂内倒位杂合体\nC. 顶端缺失杂合体\nD. 相互易位杂合体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_165",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "遗传图距的单位――厘摩（centi-Morgan）表示的意义是\nA. 两个基因间的核苷酸数目\nB. 相当于100个核苷酸\nC. 连锁基因间重组频率的度量单位\nD. 相当于厘米"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_166",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在减数分裂过程中，同源染色体等位基因片断产生交换和重组一般发生在\nA. 粗线期\nB. 双线期\nC. 偶线期\nD. 细线期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_167",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒甲具有RNA甲和蛋白质甲，病毒乙具有RNA乙和蛋白质乙。若将RNA甲和蛋白质乙组成一种病毒丙，再以病毒丙去感染宿主细胞，则细胞中的病毒具有\nA. RNA甲和蛋白质甲\nB. RNA乙和蛋白质甲\nC. RNA乙和蛋白质乙\nD. RNA甲和蛋白质乙"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_168",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "当杂合基因对数与交配代数相同时，回交与自交后代群体具有相同的\nA. 纯合体比例\nB. 性状均值\nC. 单种基因型纯合进度\nD. 纯合基因型种类"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_169",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某DNA分子一条单链上（A+G）/（T+C）=0.5，则该DNA的另一条单链上同样的碱基比是\nA. 1.5\nB. 1\nC. 0.5\nD. 2"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_170",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下事件中有3种是有丝分裂也是减数分裂的一部分，只有一种事件只在减数分裂中出现，这种事件是\nA. 纺锤体形成\nB. 染色单体形成\nC. 染色体向两级移动\nD. 染色体配对"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_171",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下这些突变中，哪一种最可能是致死性突变\nA. 重复\nB. 易位\nC. 缺失\nD. 点突变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_172",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "控制某一性状的3个或3个以上的等位基因称为\nA. 微效多基因\nB. 复等位基因\nC. 拟等位基因\nD. 连锁基因"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_173",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "隐性致死突变的特点是\nA. 致死基因纯合时才产生致死效应\nB. 纯合体和杂合体都表现致死效应\nC. 杂合状态时即产生致死效应\nD. 当代不致死，后代表现致死效应"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_174",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "遗传学上把同一植株上的自花授粉或同株上的异花授粉称为\nA. 杂交\nB. 测交\nC. 回交\nD. 自交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_175",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "证明DNA是遗传物质的科学家是\nA. Beadle和Tatum\nB. Gierer和Schramm\nC. Hershey和Chase\nD. Watson和Crick"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "genetics"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_176",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "临床营养第二次革命的主要精神和内容是指\nA. 临床营养师加入治疗小组\nB. 临床营养引起全面的重视\nC. 推动了静脉高营养的发展\nD. 尽量采取自然途径摄取食物补充营养"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_177",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关血糖生成指数的描述错误的是\nA. 血糖生成指数越高，血糖升高越趋缓和\nB. 血糖生成指数是衡量食物引起餐后血糖反应的一项有效指标\nC. 血糖生成指数即GI值，是食物的一种生理学参数\nD. 血糖生成指数是表示含50克有价值的碳水化合物的食物和相当量的葡萄糖或面包在2小时内体内血糖应答水平百分比值"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_178",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "作为n-6系列脂肪酸的前体可转变成γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸的必需脂肪酸是\nA. 亚麻酸\nB. α-亚麻酸\nC. 亚油酸\nD. 二十碳五烯酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_179",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "牛肾和猪肾（）含量最高，是其他一般食品的数十倍。\nA. 硒\nB. 锌\nC. 磷\nD. 铬"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_180",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对于儿童，首选的饮品是\nA. 白开水\nB. 运动饮料\nC. 果汁\nD. 乳饮料"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_181",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "食物中蛋白质含量测定一般使用的是下列哪一个方法，测定食物中的氮含量。\nA. 称量法\nB. 灰化法\nC. 系数计算法\nD. 微量凯氏定氮法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_182",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下食物，每100g可食部含维生素C最高的是\nA. 土豆\nB. 油菜\nC. 白菜\nD. 青椒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_183",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面哪种氨基酸为半必需氨基酸\nA. 赖氨酸\nB. 亮氨酸\nC. 半胱氨酸\nD. 蛋氨酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_184",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "玉米中的尼克酸不易被人体吸收利用是因为其化学结构主要为何型？\nA. 游离型\nB. 半结合型\nC. 结合型\nD. 半游离型"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_185",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "哪些不是胃炎的营养治疗原则?\nA. 浅表性胃炎胃酸分泌过多者，可用烤面包以中和胃液\nB. 急性胃炎的患者应少饮水，以免引起呕吐\nC. 增加营养，挑选富含生物价值高的蛋白质和维生素的食物，\nD. 定时定量，细嚼慢咽，避免暴饮暴食"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_186",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "食品防腐剂不包括\nA. 木糖醇\nB. 苯甲酸\nC. 山梨酸\nD. 丙酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_187",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪项维生素参与感光物质构成，缺乏可致夜盲症\nA. 维生素A\nB. 烟酸\nC. 维生素C\nD. β胡萝卜素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_188",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于食物特别动力作用的产生下列选项正确的是\nA. 摄食吞咽动作产生的\nB. 是机体由于摄取食物而引起体内能量消耗增加的现象。\nC. 食物本身所具有的热能和温度\nD. 咀嚼动作引起咀嚼肌运动产热"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_189",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列食物含果胶较多的是\nA. 香蕉\nB. 黄豆\nC. 面粉\nD. 黄瓜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_190",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列尿中排出的含氮物不受膳食摄入氮影响的是\nA. 尿素\nB. 肌酐\nC. 氨\nD. 尿酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_191",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪项不属于化学性消化\nA. 脂肪变成甘油\nB. 淀粉变成麦芽糖\nC. 氨基酸变成蛋白质\nD. 麦芽糖变成葡萄糖"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_192",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下关于脂肪酸的叙述，错误的是\nA. 氢化脂肪酸是饱和脂肪酸\nB. 动物脂肪主要由饱和脂肪酸构成\nC. EFA为PUFA\nD. 脂肪酸的饱和程度影响其物理性状及生理特性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_193",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于膳食营养素摄入量标准的说法，哪一项正确?\nA. 膳食营养素供给量可略低于营养素生理需要量\nB. 膳食营养素供给量要略高于营养素生理需要量\nC. 膳食营养素供给量要和生理需要量相等\nD. 膳食营养素供给量可根据营养素生理需要量在一定幅度内调整"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_194",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "维生素B2缺乏体征之一是\nA. 周围神经炎\nB. 脂溢性皮炎\nC. 牙龈疼痛出血\nD. 腹泻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_195",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "半胱氨酸和酪氨酸在人体内可分别由什么转变而来。\nA. 胱氨酸和蛋氨酸\nB. 蛋氨酸和苯丙氨酸\nC. 赖氨酸和蛋氨酸\nD. 胱氨酸和苯丙氨酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_196",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在以下食物中饱和脂肪酸含量最低的油脂是\nA. 牛油\nB. 鱼油\nC. 猪油\nD. 羊油"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_197",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下属于半完全蛋白的是\nA. 肌蛋白\nB. 玉米胶蛋白\nC. 麦参蛋白\nD. 麦胶蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_198",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某食物中测得其氨基酸含量最低为丝氨酸，其次是赖氨酸，再次是苏氨酸，其他氨基酸含量与鸡蛋白比较相近，则该食物当中的\nA. 苏氨酸为第三限制氨基酸\nB. 丝氨酸为第一限制氨基酸\nC. 赖氨酸为第一限制氨基酸\nD. 赖氨酸为第二限制氨基酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_199",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "参与构成谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的营养素是\nA. 锌\nB. 铁\nC. 硒\nD. 硫胺素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_200",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "失水时表现为神志恍惚、尿少、尿比重降低，属于\nA. 低渗性脱水\nB. 等渗性脱水\nC. 高渗性脱水\nD. 脱水"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_201",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人体中氟缺乏时，会出现的相关的症状为\nA. 损伤免疫功能\nB. 氟骨病\nC. 斑釉症\nD. 骨质疏松症"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_202",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪类食物为酸性食物\nA. 大白菜\nB. 茶叶\nC. 鸡蛋\nD. 牛奶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_203",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "维生素A缺乏时，可能出现的症状包括\nA. 银屑病\nB. 毛囊上皮过度角化\nC. 皮下出血点\nD. 脂溢性皮炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_204",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "膳食纤维是\nA. 可被消化吸收的多糖\nB. 单糖类物质\nC. 不能被消化吸收的多糖\nD. 双糖类物质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_205",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列水果中VC含量最高的是\nA. 山楂\nB. 柠檬\nC. 猕猴桃\nD. 桔子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_206",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于“食物中毒”描述，不确切的是\nA. 相似的临床表现\nB. 对健康人不具有传染性\nC. 发病与食物有关\nD. 一次性或长期连续摄入有毒食物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_207",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面那一项不是脂肪的主要生理功能\nA. 作为热能的主要来源。\nB. 帮助脂溶性维生素的吸收\nC. 供给必需脂肪酸\nD. 构成组织细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_208",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面哪项不是维生素A功能\nA. 与明视觉及色视有关\nB. 维持机体的正常免疫功能\nC. 参与造血作用，减少贫血\nD. 促进糖代谢"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_209",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有人喝完牛奶后发生胀气、腹泻，其主要原因可能是由于体内缺乏\nA. 淀粉酶\nB. 蛋白酶\nC. 乳糖酶\nD. 脂肪酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_210",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某学生长期食欲不振.厌食.生长发育迟缓.个子矮小.易发生感染，检查发现是缺锌造成的，以下补救措施中，最优的是\nA. 喝强化锌奶粉\nB. 喝葡萄糖酸锌口服液\nC. 加强锻炼\nD. 增加肉类摄入量"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_211",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "提倡老年人应多吃些鱼，主要是因为鱼\nA. 不饱和脂肪酸较多\nB. 饱和脂肪酸较多\nC. 口感好，且易消化\nD. 蛋白质含量高"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_212",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "缺乏锌可引起的疾病不包括\nA. 性功能低下\nB. 痤疮\nC. 伤口不容易愈合\nD. 经常肌肉痉挛"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_213",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "母乳中的非特异性免疫物质包括\nA. 乳过氧化氢酶、乳铁蛋白、T淋巴细胞\nB. T淋巴细胞、抗体、B淋巴细胞\nC. 抗体、吞噬细胞、乳铁蛋白\nD. 乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶、双歧杆菌因子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_214",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪个酶不是肠液中的消化酶\nA. 氨基肽酶\nB. 羧基肽酶\nC. a-糊精酶\nD. 乳糖酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_215",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "能被人体消化吸收的碳水化合物是\nA. 淀粉\nB. 果胶\nC. 纤维素\nD. 棉籽糖"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_216",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "学龄儿童应该合理食用各类食物，取得平衡膳食，一日中午餐热量占一日总热量的\nA. 40%\nB. 30%\nC. 35%\nD. 25%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_217",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "日本神通川流域的“骨痛病”是因为\nA. 镉中毒引起。\nB. 铅中毒引起。\nC. 砷中毒引起。\nD. 汞中毒引起。"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_218",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "婴幼儿和青少年的蛋白质代谢状况应维持\nA. 氮平衡\nB. 排出足够的尿素氮\nC. 正氮平衡\nD. 负氮平衡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_219",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有机磷中毒后：\nA. 表现为中枢神经系统中毒症状。\nB. 症状不明显，几天后自愈。\nC. 口中有金属味。\nD. 发病人会惊叫。"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_220",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有利于非血红素铁吸收的是\nA. 维生素C\nB. 草酸\nC. 膳食纤维\nD. 钙"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_221",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "膳食纤维摄入过少易导致\nA. 以上都包括\nB. 大肠癌\nC. 肥胖症和胆石症\nD. 便秘和憩室病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_222",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "食品中检出下列哪一项可反应食品被粪便污染的程度。\nA. 伤寒杆菌\nB. 布氏杆菌\nC. 副溶血性弧菌\nD. 大肠杆菌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_223",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "适用于一般门诊病人的膳食调查方法的是\nA. 记帐法\nB. 称重法\nC. 询问法\nD. 查帐法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_224",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪类人群的主要营养问题是营养缺乏病\nA. 以动植物食物为主的平衡膳食结构\nB. 地中海膳食结构\nC. 以动物性食物为主的膳食结构\nD. 以植物性食物为主的膳食结构"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_225",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "学龄前儿童营养素摄取方面的主要问题是\nA. 碘、硒缺乏\nB. 蛋白质能量营养不良\nC. 钙、磷、钾缺乏\nD. 铁、锌、维生素的缺乏"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_226",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人体维生素B1缺乏时，红细胞转酮醇酶活力及TPP效应的变化应是\nA. 转酮醇酶活力增高，TPP效应降低\nB. 转酮醇酶活力及TPP效应均增高\nC. 转酮醇酶活力降低，TPP效应增高\nD. 转酮醇酶活力及TPP效应均降低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_227",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "微量元素是指下列哪一类元素\nA. 人体利用率很低的\nB. 自然界含量很少的\nC. 人体吸收率很低的\nD. 人体需要量很少的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_228",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "妊娠期营养不良将导致母体营养不良性水肿、骨质软化症和\nA. 营养性缺硒\nB. 营养性缺碘\nC. 营养性贫血\nD. 营养性缺锌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_229",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列叙述哪项是错误的？\nA. 皮下脂肪具有内分泌功能\nB. 食物中的脂肪具有一定生理功能，我们不应完全拒绝食用\nC. DHA是指二十二碳六烯酸\nD. 亚油酸是必需脂肪酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_230",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "水溶性维生素摄入过多时\nA. 可在体内大量贮存\nB. 极易引起中毒\nC. 通过胆汁缓慢排出体外\nD. 可经尿液排出体外"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_231",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪一项对于改善营养缺乏不仅效果良好，而且价格低廉，适用于大面积推广。\nA. 营养强化食品\nB. 保健补充剂\nC. 中草药制剂\nD. 保健食品"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_232",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《食物成分表2002》中的食物编码有6位，前2位是\nA. 食物的亚类编码\nB. 食物的类别编码\nC. 食物在亚类中的排列序号\nD. 营养素种类码"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_233",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "营养质量指数是一种\nA. 结合能量.蛋白质和维生素对食物进行综合评价的方法\nB. 结合蛋白质和碳水化合物对食物进行综合评价的方法\nC. 结合蛋白质和维生素对食物进行综合评价的方法\nD. 结合能量和营养素对食物进行综合评价的方法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_234",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血浆中维生素E由下列哪个蛋白质携带至各个组织\nA. α-脂蛋白\nB. β-脂蛋白\nC. 前β-脂蛋白\nD. 脂蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_235",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "营养声称是指一个食物\nA. 可口状态的声称\nB. 食物原料营养特性的声称\nC. 营养特性的说明\nD. 与其他食物比较的声称"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_236",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在铁减少期，生化指标出现\nA. 血清铁蛋白下降\nB. 血清铁下降\nC. 铁结合力上升\nD. 血红蛋白下降"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_237",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "核黄素良好的食物来源是\nA. 粮谷类\nB. 水果\nC. 动物内脏、蛋、奶类\nD. 蔬菜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_238",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪个蛋白质是结合蛋白质\nA. 球蛋白\nB. 磷蛋白\nC. 清蛋白\nD. 谷蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_239",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "钙的生理功能有\nA. 抗氧化\nB. 维持视觉\nC. 与骨骼牙齿发育有关\nD. 促进食欲"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_240",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "目前确定的必需脂肪酸是\nA. 亚油酸、花生四烯酸、α-亚麻酸\nB. 亚油酸、α-亚麻酸\nC. 亚油酸、花生四烯酸\nD. α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_241",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪一个与维生素K有关。\nA. 凝血\nB. 抗赖皮病\nC. 抗脚气病\nD. 抗不孕"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_242",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中国重体力活动成年女性推荐摄入能量是\nA. 2300kcal/日\nB. 2100kcal/日\nC. 2400kcal/日\nD. 2700kcal/日"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_243",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "可溶性膳食纤维主要包括果胶、树胶、黏胶、部分半纤维素和\nA. 纤维素\nB. 菊糖\nC. 木质素\nD. 果糖"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_244",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "膳食调查会标准化的根本目的是\nA. 在一定的范围内获得最佳秩序。\nB. 在一定的范围内获最小的损失。\nC. 在一定的范围内获得最佳秩序和效益。\nD. 在一定的范围内获得最佳效益。"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_245",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "完全依赖糖酵解提供能量的细胞是\nA. 神经细胞\nB. 脑细胞\nC. 肌纤维\nD. 红细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_246",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "哺乳期妇女每日摄入的蛋白质应比非妊娠妇女多摄入多少克膳食蛋白质？\nA. 10\nB. 20\nC. 25\nD. 15"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_247",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "可起到蛋白质互补作用的膳食是\nA. 土豆与油条同食\nB. 米饭与蔬菜同食\nC. 苹果与苦瓜同食\nD. 豆浆与米饭同食"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_248",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "引起促胰液素释放的最强物质是\nA. 碳酸氢盐\nB. 脂肪分解产物\nC. 蛋白质分解产物\nD. 盐酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_249",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列动植物中富含叶酸的食物是\nA. 韭菜\nB. 猪肾\nC. 花生\nD. 猪血"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_250",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在植物性食物的基础上再添加少量动物性食物，蛋白质的生物价\nA. 会降低\nB. 无法预计\nC. 会提高\nD. 不变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_251",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "水肿型营养不良的主要特征是\nA. 以蛋白质缺乏为主\nB. 以矿物质缺乏为主\nC. 以能量缺乏为主\nD. 蛋白质和能量同时缺乏"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_252",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关硫胺素，下列哪些说法是不正确的\nA. 硫胺素的典型缺乏症为脚气病\nB. 硫胺素在碱性溶液中十分稳定\nC. 硫胺素为羧化酶和转酮醇酶的辅酶\nD. 谷类食物过分精细加工会损失硫胺素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_253",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对于胃排空的叙述，下列哪一项是错误的\nA. 蛋白质食物比糖和脂肪食物排空慢\nB. 混合食物由胃完全排空需4～6小时\nC. 胃内食物的量与胃排空的速率有关\nD. 食物进入胃后5分钟即有部分排空"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_254",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于周围静脉营养的描述不正确的是\nA. 可以24h持续不断\nB. 多作为口服不足时的营养补充\nC. 使用的制剂一般以等渗溶液为宜\nD. 难以长期单独使用以满足机体的各种需要"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_255",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列选项当中，铬的生理功能是\nA. 加强胰岛素作用\nB. 维持正常造血功能\nC. 维持正常免疫功能\nD. 促进结缔组织的形成"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_256",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面哪条是碳水化合物独特的生理功能\nA. 构成机体组织成分\nB. 是维持神经系统正常活动不可缺少的物质\nC. 抗生酮作用\nD. 供给热能"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_257",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面关于基础代谢的问题，哪一个说法正确?\nA. 一般地，肥胖者的基础代谢小于瘦长者\nB. 欧洲人比亚洲人低，所以欧洲人肥胖者居多\nC. 同样年龄、身高、健康的男性基础代谢肯定比女性高\nD. 疾病使基础代谢增高"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_258",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在各种营养素中，妊娠期间增加的值较高的是\nA. 叶酸、能量、维生素C\nB. 叶酸、铁、维生素B1\nC. 叶酸、铁、维生素D\nD. 能量、叶酸、铁"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_259",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "孕妇摄入的营养素中与新生儿先天畸形有关的是\nA. 维生素A、碘、钙\nB. 维生素C、锌、碘\nC. 叶酸、维生素B6、铁\nD. 锌、叶酸、维生素A"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_260",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "膳食蛋白质中非必需氨基酸（）具有节约蛋氨酸的作用\nA. 半胱氨酸\nB. 丝氨酸\nC. 精氨酸\nD. 酪氨酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_261",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "N一亚硝基化合物的前体物为亚硝酸盐、胺类和\nA. 碳酸盐\nB. 硫酸盐\nC. 硝酸盐\nD. 磷酸盐"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_262",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人体每日摄入膳食纤维的适宜量为\nA. 20～30g\nB. 15～20g\nC. 10～15g\nD. 5～10g"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_263",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "引起组胶中毒的鱼类是\nA. 内陆湖泊鱼\nB. 河豚鱼\nC. 青皮红肉鱼\nD. 红肉鱼"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_264",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人体维生素B2缺乏的特异诊断方法是\nA. 尿核黄素测定\nB. 全血谷胱甘肽还原酶活力系数测定\nC. 红细胞核黄素测定\nD. 核黄素负荷实验"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_265",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "谷类，薯类是我国膳食能量的主要来源，但其主要的缺陷是缺乏\nA. 碳水化合物\nB. 维生素\nC. 脂肪\nD. 优质蛋白质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_266",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肝硬化患者的营养治疗原则哪一条是错误的?\nA. 主食中，谷类除玉米、高粱等粗粮外均可食用。\nB. 由于病人厌油和恶心，因此应给予低脂饮食。\nC. 由于病人可能有轻度腹水，宜低盐饮食。\nD. 要供给充足的热量。"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_267",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "具有消除体内自由基和过氧化物作用的营养素是\nA. 硒\nB. 铁\nC. 碘\nD. 钙"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_268",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对婴儿智力发育有促进作用的脂肪酸为\nA. n-6系列的花生四烯酸和DHA、n-3系列的γ一亚麻酸和DHA\nB. n-6系列的花生四烯酸、DHA和EPA、n-3系列的γ一亚麻酸\nC. n-6系列的γ-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸、n-3系列的EPA和DHA\nD. n-6系列的γ-亚麻酸和EPA、n-3系列的花生四烯酸和DHA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_269",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于砷中毒的描述，错误的是\nA. 进入人体后多以原有形式发挥其毒性\nB. 有机砷毒性大于无机砷\nC. 三价砷毒性大于五价砷\nD. 砷中毒首选二疏基丙磺酸纳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_270",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "导致维生素缺乏的原因是\nA. 以上都对\nB. 以玉米为主食，易患烟酸缺乏\nC. 慢性消耗病的病人维生素需要量增加，但摄入量相对未增加，导致维生素缺乏。\nD. 长期烹调方法不当如煮粥或炖肉时加碱可破坏维生素B1"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_271",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "胃分泌的内因子不足时，则（）吸收不良，影响红细胞的生成，造成巨幼红细胞性贫血\nA. 维生素B12\nB. 维生素B1\nC. 维生素B2\nD. 维生素A"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_272",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "用有机物破坏法进行样品预处理时，适合于下列哪种营养素的测定\nA. 脂肪酸\nB. 维生素B1\nC. 果糖\nD. 铁"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_273",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "食物热效应灼热效应为最高的是\nA. 维生素\nB. 脂肪\nC. 碳水化合物\nD. 蛋白质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_274",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "体内唯一不能合成的营养素是\nA. 矿物质\nB. 蛋白质\nC. 维生素\nD. 碳水化合物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_275",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列豆制品中，哪一种是VC的良好来源\nA. 豆薣\nB. 豆浆\nC. 豆芽\nD. 豆腐"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_276",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "食用油脂在烹调中的作用，哪一项描述不正确?\nA. 有良好的口味和色泽\nB. 高温加热可是油脂中的维生素\nC. 高温可缩短烹调时间，进而可减少维生素的损失，因此应高油温烹调加工蔬菜\nD. 能加快烹调的速度，缩短食物的成熟时间，使原料保持鲜嫩"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_277",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人的基础代谢能量指的是\nA. 以上都错误\nB. 处于清醒、空腹、安静的状态下维持体温的所需最低的能量\nC. 处于清醒、空腹、安静的状态下维持心脏器官活动等基本生命活动所需最低的能量\nD. A和B两者的总和"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_278",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一个60Kg体重的健康成人，从事建筑工作，其每天需要的热能大约是\nA. 1800千卡左右\nB. 2400千卡左右\nC. 2300千卡左右\nD. 2000千卡左右"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_279",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "利于钙吸收的因素是\nA. 乳糖\nB. 草酸\nC. 膳食纤维\nD. 植酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_280",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "副溶血性弧菌常生存在下列哪一项食品中。\nA. 罐头食品\nB. 不洁海鲜食物\nC. 腐败的蔬菜\nD. 米食制品"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_281",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中国成年居民钠的适宜摄入量为每日\nA. 2000mg\nB. 2lOOmg\nC. 2300mg\nD. 2200mg"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_282",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "孕期可刺激胎盘和胎儿的生长以及母体乳腺的发育和分泌的激素是\nA. 孕酮\nB. 雌激素\nC. 胎盘催乳素\nD. 促绒毛生长激素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_283",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "腌制蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量在：\nA. 7-8天明显减少。\nB. 7-8天降至最低。\nC. 7-8天达高峰。\nD. 7-8天开始增加。"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_284",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "体质指数(BMI)26者为\nA. 消瘦\nB. 中度肥胖\nC. 轻度肥胖\nD. 正常范围"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_285",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "脂餐膳食是检查（）的膳食。\nA. 人体对脂肪的代谢情况\nB. 检查高脂血症的膳食\nC. 小肠对脂肪的吸收能力\nD. 胆囊及胆管的形态和功能"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_286",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列食物中，碘的最好食物来源为\nA. 紫菜\nB. 糯米\nC. 猪肝\nD. 葡萄"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_287",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "医院营养科营养厨房物资保管分类应是\nA. 谷类、豆类；荤食品；杂品、调味品、油脂类\nB. 谷类、豆类、荤食品类；杂品，调味品、油脂类：干货类；蔬菜类；配方营养素类；日用品库内物品\nC. 谷类、豆类；荤食品类；杂品、调味品、油脂类及干货类\nD. 谷类、豆类；荤食品类"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_288",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "膳食调查和评价中经常使用的记账法的基础是\nA. 膳食账目的记录人。\nB. 膳食账目。\nC. 集体膳食内容。\nD. 个体膳食内容。"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_289",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于维生素描述正确的是\nA. 是维持人体正常功能的一类高分子有机化合物\nB. 需要量很小\nC. 体内完全不能合成\nD. 可构成身体组织"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_290",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列年份中没有进行全国性营养调查的是\nA. 2002年\nB. 1982年\nC. 1968年\nD. 1992年"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_291",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某一食物含蛋白质26克，测算其含氮量约为\nA. 2克\nB. 4克\nC. 1克\nD. 3克"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_292",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "膳食中可摄入一定量的深绿色或黄红色蔬菜补充维生素A原，就生理活性而言，摄入()ug胡萝卜素才相当于1ug维生素A。\nA. 5\nB. 6\nC. 9\nD. 3"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_293",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "维持人体基本生命活动的能量消耗是\nA. 体力活动耗能\nB. 基础代谢\nC. 非体力活动耗能\nD. 食物热效应耗能"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_294",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "参与葡萄糖耐量因子的微量元素有\nA. 硒\nB. 氟\nC. 铬\nD. 钼"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_295",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生理盲点测定可用于评价哪种维生素的营养状况\nA. 维生素C\nB. 维生素A\nC. 维生素B2\nD. 维生素B1"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_296",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "强化食品是在食品中添加\nA. 化学成分\nB. 功能成分\nC. 天然物质\nD. 强化剂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_297",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某种食物的含氮量为4克，那该种食物中的蛋白质含量为多少克。\nA. 25\nB. 75\nC. 64\nD. 4"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_298",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列谷类中，脂肪含量最高的是\nA. 荞麦\nB. 小麦\nC. 大米\nD. 高粱"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_299",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中国营养学会专家委员会于1997年对《中国居民膳食指南》进行了修改，公布了新膳食指南，强调\"常吃奶类、豆类\"，主要是因为我国居民膳食中哪一种物质的摄入量严重不足?\nA. 维生素A\nB. 钙\nC. 铁\nD. 蛋白质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_300",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列可作为减肥食品的原料的是\nA. 双糖\nB. 单糖\nC. 多糖\nD. 葡萄糖"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_301",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "动物性食品中能提供一定数量碳水化合物的有\nA. 猪肉\nB. 奶类\nC. 鱼肉\nD. 牛肉"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_302",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面哪种食物含维生素B1最丰富?\nA. 精白米\nB. 富强粉\nC. 玉米\nD. 糙米"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_303",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "椰子油是植物油的一种，所含脂肪酸\nA. 以上都对\nB. 以上都不对\nC. 主要以饱和脂肪酸为主\nD. 主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_304",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列选项当中，不可以被直接吸收的物质是\nA. 果糖\nB. 钙离子\nC. 维生素C\nD. 乳糖"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_305",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "哺乳期乳母的各种营养需求比妊娠期孕妇来得\nA. 一样\nB. 低\nC. 妊娠早期高，妊娠晚期低\nD. 高"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_306",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于脂肪酸下列说法正确的是\nA. 天然油脂中，脂肪酸多为反式的\nB. 反式脂肪酸使低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高\nC. 人造黄油中，脂肪酸多为顺式的\nD. 反式脂肪酸也使高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_307",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "引起胃酸分泌的内源性物质是\nA. 去甲肾上腺素\nB. 乙酰胆碱\nC. 肾上腺素\nD. 促胰液素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_308",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "容易导致肥胖不良的进食行为不包括\nA. 以吃东西作为缓解压力和紧张情绪的手段\nB. 食物块大，咀嚼少，进食速度快\nC. 边看电视边进食\nD. 进食速度慢"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_309",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "从一大批物品中抽取一部分，以代表全部的样品，这一过程称为试样的\nA. 以上均对\nB. 预处理\nC. 制备\nD. 采集"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_310",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "经检测，某食品每百克中视黄醇当量为310ug，能量577kJ。先已知推荐每日膳食中营养素供给量，成年轻体力劳动者视黄醇当量为800ug，能量为2600kcal。营养素密度为\nA. 0.5373\nB. 0.3875\nC. 5.373×10-3\nD. 0.2219"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_311",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "乳母膳食摄入量对乳汁中（）的影响不明显\nA. 钙\nB. 维生素A\nC. 维生素B1\nD. 乳糖"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_312",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "禾谷镰刀菌：\nA. 是引起赤霉病麦中毒的罪魁祸首。\nB. 是引起四季豆中毒的罪魁祸首。\nC. 是引起霉变甘蔗中毒的罪魁祸首。\nD. 是引起鲜黄花菜中毒的罪魁祸首。"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_313",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "营养学上，从食物蛋白质的含量、（）和被人体利用程度三个方面来全面地评价食品蛋白质的营养价值。\nA. 蛋白质种类\nB. 被消化吸收程度\nC. 蛋白质的生物价\nD. 氨基酸分类"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_314",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对肌肉神经兴奋和抑制作用相同又有拮抗作用的矿物质是\nA. 钙和钾\nB. 镁和磷\nC. 磷和钙\nD. 钙和镁"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_315",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "属于水溶性维生素的有\nA. VC\nB. VE\nC. VA\nD. VD"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_316",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面哪种食物不是补充钙的良好途径\nA. 乳及乳制品\nB. 小虾米皮\nC. 海带\nD. 骨头汤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_317",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "衡量食不过量的最好的指标为\nA. 体重\nB. 糖尿病的发病率\nC. 高血脂的发生率\nD. 能量的推荐摄入量"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_318",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质中属于多糖的是\nA. 葡萄糖\nB. 麦芽糖\nC. 蔗糖\nD. 糖元"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_319",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "治疗营养性肥胖的首选疗法是\nA. 药物治疗\nB. 手术疗法\nC. 控制饮食\nD. 控制饮食＋运动疗法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_320",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中国营养学会建议乳母钙的AI为\nA. 1500mg\nB. 1200mg\nC. 800mg\nD. 1000mg"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "nutrition"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_321",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“泻南补北”法适用于\nA. 肾阴虚而肝阳亢\nB. 肾阴虚而相火动\nC. 心阴虚而心阳亢\nD. 肾阴虚而心火旺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_322",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "由于暑性升散，故致病可见\nA. 易耗气伤津\nB. 易为阳热症状\nC. 易生风动血\nD. 易伤人体上部及肌表"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_323",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“血之府”是指\nA. 肝\nB. 脉\nC. 冲脉\nD. 心"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_324",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“大实有羸状”的病机应属于\nA. 真虚假实\nB. 虚实夹杂\nC. 真实假虚\nD. 虚中夹实"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_325",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在五行生克关系中，下列哪项是错误的？\nA. 木克土\nB. 火生土\nC. 水克木\nD. 金生水"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_326",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者身热，手足心热，微恶风寒，少汗，头昏心烦，口干，干咳少痰，鼻塞流涕，舌红少苔，脉细数。其治法为\nA. 益气解表\nB. 助阳解表\nC. 滋阴解表\nD. 养血解表"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_327",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不属于“阴盛则内寒“机理的是\nA. 寒气积于胸中\nB. 血凝泣\nC. 卫气不得泄越\nD. 脉不通"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_328",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "内湿的产生与哪一脏的关系最为密切\nA. 肺\nB. 肝\nC. 肾\nD. 脾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_329",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "罂粟壳每张处方用量规定为\nA. 15～18g\nB. 3～6g\nC. 5～8g\nD. 8～15g"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_330",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对机体各脏腑组织起着推动温煦作用的主要是\nA. 脾气\nB. 肾阳\nC. 心阳\nD. 肺气"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_331",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "眩晕，失眠，健忘，心悸，面唇紫暗，耳鸣耳聋，舌有瘀点，脉弦涩。此眩晕证属\nA. 肾精不足\nB. 肝阳上亢\nC. 痰浊中阻\nD. 瘀血阻络"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_332",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病人肢体软弱，行动不便属\nA. 瘫痪\nB. 痿病\nC. 痹病\nD. 痫病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_333",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在温病学方面，创立以“三焦为核心”的辨证论治方法的医家是\nA. 朱丹溪\nB. 吴又可\nC. 吴鞠通\nD. 刘完素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_334",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "据《素问·脉要精微论》，“五脏者，中之守也”是指\nA. 五脏内藏气血\nB. 五脏内舍五志\nC. 五脏内藏精气\nD. 五脏内守中气"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_335",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "据《素问·举痛论》，惊则\nA. 气缓\nB. 气上\nC. 气结\nD. 气乱"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_336",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "导致人体生命死亡的根本病机是\nA. 阴阳失调\nB. 阴阳偏盛\nC. 阴阳离决\nD. 阴阳偏衰"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_337",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某男，23岁。面目一身俱黄，色鲜如橘色，纳呆、恶心，脘胀、胁痛、胁下有痞块，小便黄少，大便溏薄，舌红苔黄腻，脉弦数。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 湿热蕴脾证\nB. 寒湿困脾证\nC. 大肠湿热证\nD. 肝胆湿热证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_338",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "循行于下肢内侧前缘内踝上八寸以下的经脉是\nA. 足阳明胃经\nB. 足厥阴肝经\nC. 足少阴肾经\nD. 足太阴脾经"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_339",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某男，42岁。干咳1年，未认真治疗，近因参加劳动，咳嗽加剧，并咳血数口，现痰中带血丝，心烦，自感手足心热，睡时常出汗，小便少，大便干，舌红苔少而干，脉细数。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 热邪壅肺证\nB. 燥邪犯肺证\nC. 肝火犯肺证\nD. 肺阴虚证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_340",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“主液”的腑是\nA. 胆\nB. 小肠\nC. 胃\nD. 大肠"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_341",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "胃与小肠上口相接处为\nA. 魄门\nB. 幽门\nC. 贲门\nD. 阑门"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_342",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者精神抑郁，表情淡漠，沉默痴呆，语无伦次，静而多喜少动，当诊为\nA. 狂证\nB. 郁证\nC. 痴呆\nD. 癫证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_343",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "半身不遂，口眼歪斜，舌强语蹇，偏身麻木，头晕目眩，舌质暗淡，舌苔白腻，脉弦滑。证属\nA. 痰热腑实，风痰上扰\nB. 肝阳暴亢，风火上扰\nC. 元神败脱，神明散乱\nD. 风痰瘀血，痹阻脉络"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_344",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列属于“用寒远寒”治法的是\nA. 阴盛慎用寒药\nB. 假寒慎用寒药\nC. 冬季慎用寒药\nD. 阳虚慎用寒药"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_345",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中国古代收方最多，为研究复方用药提供珍贵资料的方书典籍是\nA. 太平圣惠方\nB. 本草纲目\nC. 黄帝内经\nD. 普济方"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_346",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "益母草的功效是\nA. 活血、利尿、清热、解毒\nB. 活血、利尿、清热、通便\nC. 活血、利尿、凉血、止血\nD. 活血、利尿、消症、散结"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_347",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "喘息，呼吸气促，胸部胀闷，咳嗽，痰多稀薄色白，兼有头痛，鼻塞，恶寒无汗，舌苔薄白而滑，脉浮紧。其喘证证属\nA. 痰浊阻肺\nB. 风寒袭肺\nC. 肺气郁痹\nD. 表寒里热"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_348",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "脾胃气虚的面色是\nA. 面色萎黄\nB. 面目一身俱黄\nC. 面色青黄\nD. 面黄虚浮"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_349",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "三国演义有“望梅止渴”的典故，延伸至临床的情志护理是属于\nA. 暗示疗法\nB. 释疑解惑\nC. 发泄解郁\nD. 诱导疗法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_350",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "劳力过度主要伤及\nA. 精\nB. 气\nC. 神\nD. 血"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_351",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列除哪项外，均为风寒感冒与风热感冒的主要鉴别依据\nA. 流涕的清与浊\nB. 头痛身疼与否\nC. 恶寒发热的孰轻孰重\nD. 渴与不渴"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_352",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，45岁。2天前食后受凉，腹泻不止，日行六七次，水样便，腹微痛，纳呆恶心，小便短少，舌苔白厚腻，脉缓。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 胃寒证\nB. 脾阳虚证\nC. 外感寒湿证\nD. 寒湿困脾证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_353",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，58岁。近半月因工作劳累过度，时感气短乏力，与别人争执后心前区胀痛，且放射到左肩背部，伴心悸失眠，舌淡红苔薄白，脉沉弦。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 气滞血瘀证\nB. 心气虚证\nC. 气滞心脉证\nD. 肝气郁结证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_354",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者胸闷如窒而痛，痛引肩背，气短喘息，形体较胖，肢体困重，痰多，苔浊腻，脉滑。此胸痹证属\nA. 阴寒凝滞\nB. 心血瘀阻\nC. 痰浊壅塞\nD. 阳气虚衰"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_355",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "胃的生理功能是\nA. 主持诸气\nB. 受纳腐熟\nC. 传化糟粕\nD. 受盛化物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_356",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与甘草联用能增强抗炎、抗变态反应的西药是\nA. 氢化可的松\nB. 氯氮平\nC. 呋喃唑酮\nD. 碳酸锂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_357",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《素问·至真要大论》对“诸寒之而热者”宜采用的治法为\nA. 取之寒\nB. 取之热\nC. 取之阳\nD. 取之阴"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_358",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不宜用阴阳的基本概念来概括的是\nA. 动与静\nB. 邪与正\nC. 上与下\nD. 寒与热"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_359",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，42岁。胸中烦热，口苦咽干，腹痛喜暖，大便稀溏。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 真寒假热证\nB. 真热假寒证\nC. 表实里虚证\nD. 上热下寒证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_360",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "被称为“水谷之海”的是\nA. 小肠\nB. 脾\nC. 大肠\nD. 胃"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_361",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中医学整体观念的内涵是\nA. 时令晨昏对人体有影响\nB. 人体是一个整体，人和自然界相互统一\nC. 五脏与六腑是一个整体\nD. 自然界是一个整体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_362",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "长期使用会造成肾衰的成分是\nA. 甘草酸\nB. 甘草甜素\nC. 马兜铃酸\nD. 鞣酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_363",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "香加皮的主要不良反应是\nA. 心律失常，如心率减慢、早搏、房室传导阻滞\nB. 直接作用于中枢神经系统，甚或因呼吸中枢完全麻痹而致死\nC. 恶心呕吐，腹痛腹泻，重者可见黄疸、肝肿大、消化道出血\nD. 血小板、白细胞、血红蛋白减少，并可发生急性粒细胞减少"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_364",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以根、茎、种子类为主的汤剂，煎煮前需浸泡\nA. 10-15分钟\nB. 60分钟\nC. 20-30分钟\nD. 30-45分钟"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_365",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列中成药联合用药合理的是\nA. 珍菊降压片与复方枇杷糖浆\nB. 天麻丸与川贝枇杷胶囊\nC. 苏合香丸与胆宁片\nD. 二陈丸与平胃散"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_366",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "言人身脏腑之阴阳，则脾为\nA. 阴中之至阴\nB. 阴中之阳\nC. 阴中之阴\nD. 阳中之阴"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_367",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据病情和药效，健胃药宜\nA. 早餐后服\nB. 饭后服\nC. 睡前服\nD. 空腹服"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_368",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与语言、声音、呼吸的强弱有关的是\nA. 宗气\nB. 营气\nC. 卫气\nD. 元气"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_369",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对虚实错杂证运用先攻后补治则的主要根据是\nA. 正气虽虚尚可耐攻\nB. 先扶正可致留邪\nC. 先祛邪不会伤正\nD. 标症紧急先治其标"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_370",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "按五行相生相克的规律，以下哪一条是错误的?\nA. 木为水之子\nB. 水为火之所不胜\nC. 火为土之母\nD. 金为木之所胜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_371",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在服用补益药期间偶遇外感，为防“闭门留寇”，最好\nA. 增加服药次数\nB. 停服\nC. 减轻药量\nD. 减少服药次数"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_372",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不属于养生基本原则的是\nA. 辨证论治\nB. “节阴阳而调刚柔“的守中思想\nC. “治未病“的预防思想\nD. 突出精神心理健康"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_373",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "心悸不安，精神涣散，多由下列何种因素引起?\nA. 悲伤肺\nB. 怒伤肝\nC. 喜伤心\nD. 思伤脾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_374",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酸痛的常见病因是\nA. 湿侵肌肉关节\nB. 火邪窜至经络\nC. 寒邪阻滞经络\nD. 气血亏虚"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_375",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，29岁。2年来月经量多色淡，近半年失眠心悸，头晕眼花，纳少，腹胀，面唇淡白，舌淡苔少，脉弱。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 心血虚证\nB. 肝血虚证\nC. 心肝血虚证\nD. 心脾两虚证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_376",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，42岁。患“慢性胃炎“3年，胃脘隐痛，食后胀满，嗳气呃逆，虽饥而不欲多食，大便干，舌红无苔，脉细无力。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 胃阴虚证\nB. 脾胃气虚证\nC. 脾阴虚证\nD. 脾气虚证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_377",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "处方名益智仁，调剂时应付\nA. 蜜炙品\nB. 醋制品\nC. 煅制品\nD. 盐炙品"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_378",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "痰与饮的主要区别是\nA. 色黄者为痰，色白者为饮\nB. 得阳气煎熬而成者为痰，受阴气凝聚而成者为饮。\nC. 浓度较大，较粘稠者为痰；浓度较小，较清稀者为饮。\nD. 热者为痰，寒者为饮。"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_379",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "形成阴疽流注的病因多为\nA. 暑邪\nB. 瘀血\nC. 痰饮\nD. 热邪"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_380",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者喘促日久，呼多吸少，气不得续，动则喘甚，小便常因咳甚而失禁，形瘦神疲，汗出肢冷，面唇青紫，宜选用的方剂是\nA. 百合固金汤\nB. 金匮肾气丸\nC. 麻黄汤\nD. 桑白皮汤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_381",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“益火之源，以消阴翳”的治法适用于\nA. 实热证\nB. 实寒证\nC. 虚热证\nD. 虚寒证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_382",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "具有行气血作用的气是\nA. 营气\nB. 元气\nC. 宗气\nD. 卫气"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_383",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "据《素问·五常政大论》，能毒者当以\nA. 薄药\nB. 无毒药\nC. 厚药\nD. 针石"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_384",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某男，40岁。长期胃部胀痛，近半年脘胀痞满益甚，胸闷气塞，纳差，大便3日一行，但不干燥，伴气短乏力，检查腹部按之软。舌淡，苔少，脉弱。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 里实证\nB. 真虚假实证\nC. 里虚证\nD. 真实假虚证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_385",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "脾之华在\nA. 毛\nB. 发\nC. 面\nD. 唇"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_386",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "机体精神活动的物质基础是\nA. 津\nB. 血\nC. 精\nD. 气"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_387",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不属于谷食精气输布运行过程的是\nA. 通调水道，下输膀胱\nB. 脾气散精，上归于肺\nC. 浊阴归六腑\nD. 精气上输于脾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_388",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“用热远热，用寒远寒”是指治疗用药应注意\nA. 因时制宜\nB. 因地制宜\nC. 因人制宜\nD. 治标"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_389",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列除哪项外，均为饮食停滞型腹痛的主症\nA. 嗳腐吞酸\nB. 脘腹胀满\nC. 疼痛拒按\nD. 舌红少苔，脉细数"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_390",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "脾病面色黄，见何种脉时为逆\nA. 洪脉\nB. 弦脉\nC. 浮脉\nD. 缓脉"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_391",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某男，25岁。因腹泻就诊。症见腹痛肠鸣，泻下粪便臭如败卵，伴有未消化食物，泻后痛减，嗳腐吞酸，不思饮食。舌苔厚腻，脉滑。宜选用的中成药是\nA. 四神丸\nB. 参苓白术散\nC. 保和丸\nD. 葛根芩连丸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_392",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "苍耳子的主要不良反应是\nA. 血小板、白细胞、血红蛋白减少，并可发生急性粒细胞减少\nB. 恶心呕吐，腹痛腹泻，重者可见黄疸、肝肿大、消化道出血\nC. 直接作用于中枢神经系统，甚或因呼吸中枢完全麻痹而致死\nD. 导致精子产生和成熟发生障碍，抑制女性患者的卵巢功能"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_393",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "据《素问·脉要精微论》，“梦哭”是由于\nA. 肾气盛\nB. 肺气盛\nC. 肾气虚\nD. 肺气虚"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_394",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "服用银翘解毒丸宜用的“药引”是\nA. 盐水\nB. 焦三仙煎汤\nC. 芦根煎汤\nD. 黄酒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_395",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "六腑共同的生理特点是\nA. 化生精气\nB. 实而不满\nC. 储藏精气\nD. 藏而不泻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_396",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "据《素问·五藏别论》六腑的功能是\nA. 传化物而不藏\nB. 满而不能实\nC. 泻而不藏\nD. 藏精气而不泻也"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_397",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "乳食内积导致的食积，治宜选用的方剂是\nA. 消乳丸\nB. 保和丸\nC. 消积理脾汤\nD. 枳术丸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_398",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不属于六腑生理功能特点的是\nA. 其气象天\nB. 泻而不藏\nC. 天气之所生\nD. 象于地"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_399",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列无收涩敛疮功效的药物是\nA. 乌贼骨\nB. 乳香\nC. 孩儿茶\nD. 炉甘石"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_400",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "干咳少痰，或痰液胶粘难咯，多因感受哪种病邪?\nA. 寒邪\nB. 燥邪\nC. 风邪\nD. 暑邪"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_401",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者咳逆阵作，痰中带血，时时汗出，胸胁胀痛，口苦咽干，尿黄便秘，舌红苔薄黄，脉弦数。其诊断是\nA. 肺痨，阴虚火旺\nB. 肺痈，成痈期\nC. 咳嗽，肝火犯肺\nD. 咯血，肝火犯肺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_402",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《素问·上古天真论》认为男子衰老始于\nA. 四八\nB. 四七\nC. 五八\nD. 五七"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_403",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《素问·五脏别论》称为“满而不能实”者是指\nA. 六腑\nB. 奇恒之腑\nC. 五脏\nD. 脏腑"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_404",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "灌注于骨节、脏腑、脑髓的是\nA. 气\nB. 血\nC. 液\nD. 津"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_405",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "偏阴质在用药上的使用注意是\nA. 宜用温性药，忌用苦寒药\nB. 宜用凉润药，忌用辛香燥热药\nC. 宜用凉润药，忌用温热药\nD. 宜用寒性药，忌用温热药"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_406",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中医养生的三个层次包括\nA. 养身、养病、养心\nB. 养身、养性、养心\nC. 养身、养性、养神\nD. 养病、养性、养心"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_407",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《素问·六节藏象论》所论的五脏的“其华”中，心其华在\nA. 骨\nB. 筋\nC. 面\nD. 血"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_408",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "宜与土鳖虫对抗贮存的是\nA. 黑豆\nB. 花椒\nC. 大蒜\nD. 冰片"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_409",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "春季人体肝气、脾气相对不足，易精神倦怠，嗜睡，应适当控制睡眠时间，起居方面应遵循\nA. 夜卧晚起\nB. 早卧晚起\nC. 夜卧早起\nD. 早卧早起"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_410",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "据《素问·热论》，其满三日者当用\nA. 泄热之法\nB. 泻下之法\nC. 涌吐之法\nD. 发汗之法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_411",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《素问·至真要大论》中对“留者”病证的治疗宜采用\nA. 攻之\nB. 散之\nC. 削之\nD. 除之"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_412",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某男，35岁。舌左侧长一个黄豆大小的溃疡已一周，局部灼痛难耐，烦躁易怒，失眠多梦，溲赤便干，舌红苔黄干，脉滑数。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 肝胆湿热证\nB. 胃火亢盛证\nC. 心火亢盛证\nD. 肝火上炎证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_413",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不属于“阳盛则外热“机理的是\nA. 热气熏胸中\nB. 上焦不通利\nC. 腠理闭塞\nD. 皮肤致密"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_414",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中医治疗疾病的基本原则是\nA. 调整阴阳\nB. 治病求本\nC. 扶正祛邪\nD. 因地制宜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_415",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，26岁。新婚第3天，即发热，腰痛，尿频尿急，尿道灼痛，小便黄少，舌红苔黄，脉数。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 小肠实热证\nB. 湿热下注证\nC. 膀胱湿热证\nD. 热结膀胱证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_416",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "功能活血止痛，行气解郁，凉血清心，利胆退黄的药是\nA. 郁金\nB. 栀子\nC. 大黄\nD. 虎杖"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_417",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "据《素问·六节藏象论》，五脏中其华在发的是\nA. 肺\nB. 肝\nC. 心\nD. 肾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_418",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "分布于面颊部的经脉是\nA. 足少阳胆经\nB. 手太阳小肠经\nC. 足阳明胃经\nD. 手少阳三焦经"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_419",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“动极者镇之以静，阴亢者胜之以阳”说明了阴阳之间的何种关系\nA. 阴阳对立制约\nB. 阴阳相互消长\nC. 阴阳相互转化\nD. 阴阳互根互用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_420",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "久病畏寒的主要病因是\nA. 风邪袭表\nB. 寒邪内侵\nC. 阳气虚衰\nD. 湿邪外袭"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_421",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "脾统血的含义是\nA. 脾有贮藏血液的作用\nB. 脾有调节经脉中血流量的作用\nC. 脾有统摄血液在经脉中运行的作用\nD. 脾有推动血液在经脉中流行的作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_422",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "膀胱贮存和排泄小便，主要依赖于\nA. 肝的疏泄作用\nB. 膀胱的气化作用\nC. 肾的气化作用\nD. 肺的宣发肃降作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_423",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪项不是四逆汤中配伍炙甘草的用意\nA. 调和诸药\nB. 解生附子之毒\nC. 缓干姜之峻\nD. 缓生附子之峻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_424",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在《素问·脉要精微论》中，精明之府是指\nA. 髓\nB. 耳\nC. 头\nD. 目"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_425",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "属于阴中之阳的时间是\nA. 上午\nB. 前半夜\nC. 后半夜\nD. 下午"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_426",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "面色发黑的主病是\nA. 血虚\nB. 寒症\nC. 气虚\nD. 惊风"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_427",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，3岁。患“乙脑“病8天，低热不退，颧红盗汗，失语，手足蠕动，舌红绛苔无，脉细数。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 肝肾阴虚\nB. 肾阴虚\nC. 肝阴虚\nD. 阴虚动风"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_428",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "发热，口渴，胸痛，咯痰黄稠不爽，舌红，苔黄，脉滑数。风温证属\nA. 邪犯肺卫\nB. 热入心营\nC. 邪热壅肺\nD. 热郁阳明"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_429",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "五行中土的特性是\nA. 阳热、上炎\nB. 长养、化育\nC. 清静、收杀\nD. 生发、柔和"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_430",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "导致泄泻的关键病机是\nA. 脾虚湿盛\nB. 脾胃虚弱\nC. 食滞胃肠\nD. 脾肾阳虚"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_431",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "阴偏胜所致证候是：参考答案\nA. 虚寒证\nB. 实热证\nC. 虚热证\nD. 实寒证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_432",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "囟填的原因是\nA. 邪热亢盛\nB. 肾精亏损\nC. 津液亏损\nD. 外感风邪"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_433",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，女，25岁，妊娠8周。下列各项，可以服用的药组是\nA. 三棱、莪术、水蛭\nB. 当归、阿胶、丹参\nC. 巴豆、牵牛子、商陆\nD. 斑蝥、麝香、虻虫"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_434",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《素问·五常政大论》认为，治温病用凉药，服药宜\nA. 凉而行之\nB. 冷而行之\nC. 温而行之\nD. 热而行之"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_435",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "中医学“证”的概念是\nA. 对疾病症状与体征的分析过程\nB. 对疾病症状与体征的调查过程\nC. 疾病的症状与体征\nD. 疾病发展过程中某一阶段的病理概括"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_436",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列除哪项外，均为狂证的特征\nA. 动而多怒\nB. 精神亢奋\nC. 狂燥不安\nD. 表情淡漠"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_437",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在中医观察舌象的目的中哪项不对\nA. 了解病位深浅\nB. 判断正气盛衰\nC. 辨别病位深浅\nD. 区别病邪性质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_438",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "因情志刺激，突然出现下焦胀满，甚至小便失禁。此因\nA. 喜则气缓\nB. 恐则气下\nC. 惊则气乱\nD. 悲则气消"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_439",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "属于中医治则的是\nA. 扶正\nB. 催吐\nC. 发汗\nD. 调和"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_440",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "治疗阴暑，宜选用的方剂是\nA. 四物汤\nB. 香薷饮\nC. 左归丸\nD. 白虎汤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_441",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与情志抑郁最为关联的是\nA. 肝失疏泄\nB. 心神不足\nC. 肝升太过\nD. 髓海空虚"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_442",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不属于调养正气的方法是\nA. 加强锻炼\nB. 外避病邪\nC. 调摄精神\nD. 起居有常"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_443",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "质地沉重的矿石、化石、贝壳类药物，多放在斗架的\nA. 较下层\nB. 中上层\nC. 中下层\nD. 高层"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_444",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面既是病理产物，又是致病因素的是\nA. 六淫\nB. 饮食\nC. 七情\nD. 瘀血"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_445",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某患者，于夏日感受暑湿，身热烦渴，小便不利，大便泄泻。治疗宜首选的方剂是\nA. 香薷散\nB. 参苓白术散\nC. 六一散\nD. 藿香正气散"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_446",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "少阳经在头部经过的部位是\nA. 侧头部\nB. 头后部\nC. 头顶部\nD. 前额部"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_447",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者阳痿不举，面白神疲，腰膝酸软，形寒肢冷，舌迟沉。诊断为\nA. 脾虚气陷证\nB. 气不摄津证\nC. 肾气不固证\nD. 肾阳虚证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_448",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "痫证小发作时不发生\nA. 突然仆地\nB. 动作中断\nC. 头向前倾\nD. 持物落地"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_449",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，男，65岁。近期表现肢体关节疼痛，游走不定，屈伸不利，伴恶风发热，苔薄白，脉浮等症状。根据六淫致病特点，上述病证体现了该邪气什么致病特点\nA. 善行\nB. 开泄\nC. 干涩\nD. 凝滞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_450",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《金匮要略》所说：“见肝之病，知肝传脾”，是指\nA. 土侮木\nB. 子病犯母\nC. 木乘土\nD. 母病及子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_451",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某男，25岁。前日开始，右胸胁部泛起疱疹，灼热疼痛，口苦咽干，烦躁不安、溲赤便干，舌边红苔黄腻，脉弦数。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 肝胆湿热证\nB. 血热证\nC. 湿热蕴脾证\nD. 血热生风证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_452",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，32岁。下岗后心情不好，近半月自感胃脘痞满，嗳气时作，纳谷不香，胸闷喜叹息，舌正常，脉弦。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 肝气郁结证\nB. 肝胃不和证\nC. 肝郁脾虚证\nD. 肝气横逆证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_453",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "满面通红的病机是\nA. 真寒假热\nB. 邪热亢盛\nC. 虚阳上越\nD. 阴虚火旺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_454",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肿的基本病理是\nA. 筋络阻塞气滞血瘀\nB. 血瘀痰阻\nC. 毒邪滞留\nD. 痰湿内蕴"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_455",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者咳嗽剧烈，气粗，喉燥咽痛，咯痰不爽，痰粘色黄，常伴鼻塞流黄涕，口渴，头痛，发热恶风，舌苔薄黄，脉浮数。其证属\nA. 痰湿犯肺\nB. 风热犯肺\nC. 风寒袭肺\nD. 痰热郁肺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_456",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肾所藏之精是指\nA. 先天之精\nB. 包括先天之精和后天之精\nC. 生殖之精\nD. 后天之精"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_457",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某女，65岁。咳喘15年，每至冬季加重，面色淡白，咳声无力，动则气喘，痰清稀色白，四肢轻度浮肿，舌淡苔白，脉弱。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 肾不纳气证\nB. 心肺气虚证\nC. 肺气虚证\nD. 肺肾气虚证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_458",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，男，48岁，胃脘胀痛2周，连及胁肋，嗳气后疼痛减轻，每于情志刺激时胃痛加重，食欲不振，嘈杂吞酸，舌红，苔薄白，脉弦。该患者辨证为\nA. 肝胃不和\nB. 寒凝气滞\nC. 肝胃郁热\nD. 饮食停滞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_459",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血瘀致痛的特点是\nA. 空痛\nB. 胀痛\nC. 刺痛\nD. 重痛"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_460",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "能产生天癸的物质是\nA. 水谷精微\nB. 命门之火\nC. 冲任气血\nD. 肾精"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_461",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "实喘的主要病变脏腑是\nA. 心\nB. 肾\nC. 肺\nD. 肝"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_462",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "孙络是指\nA. 十二皮部的络脉\nB. 络脉中最细小的分支\nC. 十五别络\nD. 行于浅表部位的络脉"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_463",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在阴阳失调病机中，阳偏衰以哪脏为根本\nA. 脾\nB. 心\nC. 肾\nD. 肝"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_464",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不为郁证特征的是：\nA. 胁肋胀痛\nB. 易怒善哭\nC. 潮热盗汗\nD. 精神抑郁"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_465",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "因含砷类对肾有影响的中药是\nA. 细辛\nB. 鱼胆\nC. 雄黄\nD. 朱砂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_466",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对津液不具有直接固摄作用的是\nA. 肝\nB. 肺\nC. 肾\nD. 脾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_467",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“一源三歧”的三条经脉是\nA. 督、冲、带\nB. 任、督、带\nC. 冲、任、带\nD. 冲、任、督"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_468",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "气的上升运动太过，称为\nA. 气逆\nB. 气脱\nC. 气滞\nD. 气不降"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_469",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "水肿在什么情况下使用攻下逐水药最适宜？\nA. 病久体虚肿甚，日久不消\nB. 颜面浮肿，兼有表症\nC. 病初体实肿甚，正气已虚\nD. 病初体实肿甚，正气尚旺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_470",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据十二经脉流注次序，手少阳经应流注至\nA. 足少阳经\nB. 足厥阴经\nC. 手厥阴经\nD. 手少阴经"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_471",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者气粗息涌，喉中痰鸣如吼，胸高胁胀，呛咳阵阵，咯痰色黄粘稠，心烦，汗出，面赤，口渴喜饮，不恶寒，舌质红，舌苔黄腻，脉滑数。此哮证的护治原则为\nA. 清热宣肺，化痰平喘\nB. 温肺散寒，化痰平喘\nC. 开郁降气平喘\nD. 补肾纳气平喘"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_472",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "老年人用药时，不宜与麝香保心丸同时服用的药物是\nA. 阿卡波糖\nB. 地高辛\nC. 复方维生素\nD. 阿司匹林"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_473",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肺的生理特性是\nA. 喜燥恶湿\nB. 不耐寒热\nC. 喜润恶燥\nD. 体阴用阳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_474",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不是脾胃虚寒型胃痛主症的是\nA. 神疲纳呆，四肢倦怠\nB. 空腹痛甚，得食则缓\nC. 胃痛隐隐，绵绵不休\nD. 口干思饮，大便秘结"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_475",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不属于奇恒之腑的是\nA. 筋\nB. 脉\nC. 髓\nD. 骨"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_476",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "古代哲学精气概念的产生是源于\nA. 水地说\nB. 元气说\nC. 五方说\nD. 五材说"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_477",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某男，60岁。心悸、胸闷、气短已3年。近日加剧，面色淡白，神疲乏力，心悸时作，入夜不能安睡，舌淡苔白，脉弱。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 心阳虚证\nB. 血虚证\nC. 气虚证\nD. 心气虚证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_478",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《素问·水热穴论》称“胃之关”是\nA. 肺\nB. 肾\nC. 膀胱\nD. 脾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_479",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "川乌类有毒饮片宜先煎\nA. 2.5～3h\nB. 1～2h\nC. 0.5～1h\nD. 1.5～2.5h"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_480",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不是津所布散的主要部位的是\nA. 皮肤\nB. 孔窍\nC. 肌肉\nD. 关节"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_481",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "湿邪致病往往缠绵难愈，是由于\nA. 湿性趋下\nB. 湿性重浊\nC. 湿性粘滞\nD. 湿为阴邪"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_482",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与呼吸关系最密切的两脏是\nA. 肺与肾\nB. 肺与心\nC. 肺与肝\nD. 脾与肺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_483",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "易使人出现各种血证的是\nA. 火邪\nB. 暑邪\nC. 燥邪\nD. 风邪"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_484",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "小肠的功能是\nA. 运行水液\nB. 受纳腐熟\nC. 排泄糟粕\nD. 受盛化物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_485",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "十二经中具有两条别络的经脉是\nA. 足太阴脾经\nB. 足少阴肾经\nC. 手少阴心经\nD. 手太阴肺经"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_486",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某男，38岁。口苦，胸胁痛而不能转侧，时欲太息、头痛。临床诊断最可能是\nA. 手少阳三焦经病证\nB. 足厥阴肝经病证\nC. 手厥阴心包经病证\nD. 足少阳胆经病证"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_487",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "宜后下的饮片是\nA. 西红花\nB. 雷丸\nC. 阿胶\nD. 砂仁"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_488",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不属于津液的排泄途径是\nA. 尿\nB. 粪\nC. 汗\nD. 呕吐物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_489",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "既属腑，又归于奇恒之腑的是\nA. 胆\nB. 脉\nC. 髓\nD. 骨"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_490",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与血液生成关系最为密切的脏腑是\nA. 肺\nB. 心\nC. 脾\nD. 肝"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_491",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不属于奇恒之腑特点的是\nA. 泻而不藏\nB. 地气之所生\nC. 藏而不泻\nD. 藏于阴而象于地"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_492",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，女，30岁。胃脘胀痛，牵连胁痛，嗳气频频，舌苔薄白，脉弦。用药宜首选\nA. 陈皮、枳壳\nB. 苍术、厚朴\nC. 木香、砂仁\nD. 柴胡、青皮"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_493",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "枢折挈见于《素问·痿论》中痿证的\nA. 骨痿\nB. 肉痿\nC. 筋痿\nD. 脉痿"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_494",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "阳虚寒凝所致的便秘，宜选用的中成药是\nA. 桂附地黄丸与麻仁滋脾\nB. 清宁丸\nC. 槟榔四消丸\nD. 麻仁润肠丸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_495",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "呕吐吞酸，嗳气频作，胸胁胀满，脉弦。证属\nA. 肝郁化火\nB. 饮食停滞\nC. 胃阴不足\nD. 肝气犯胃"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_496",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "能调节十二经气血，主生殖功能的经脉是\nA. 任脉\nB. 带脉\nC. 冲脉\nD. 督脉"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_497",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据病情和药效，驱虫药宜\nA. 睡前服\nB. 饭后服\nC. 早餐后服\nD. 空腹服"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_498",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "心虚的老年人宜选用的补益药为\nA. 天王补心丹\nB. 六味地黄丸\nC. 龟龄集\nD. 人参归脾丸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_499",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列活血药中，哪一味不兼有行气作用\nA. 郁金\nB. 五灵脂\nC. 玄胡\nD. 三棱"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_500",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "《素问·太阴阳明论》认为“伤于风者”\nA. 腑先受之\nB. 脏先受之\nC. 上先受之\nD. 下先受之"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_501",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "痰、饮、水、湿同源而异流，其中最清稀的是\nA. 水\nB. 湿\nC. 饮\nD. 痰"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_502",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列药物其性属阳的是\nA. 生姜\nB. 黄芩\nC. 麦冬\nD. 黄柏"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_503",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，男，48岁，胃脘胀痛2周，连及胁肋，嗳气后疼痛减轻，每于情志刺激时胃痛加重，食欲不振，嘈杂吞酸，舌红，苔薄白，脉弦。针对此证应采用的治法是\nA. 疏肝理气，和胃止痛\nB. 导滞和胃\nC. 疏肝泄热，和胃止痛\nD. 温中散寒，和胃止痛"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_504",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“虚则补之，实则泻之”属于\nA. 反治\nB. 标本兼顾\nC. 治标\nD. 正治"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_505",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下哪种说法是错误的?\nA. 肺主气，司呼吸\nB. 肺主升清\nC. 肺主通调水道\nD. 肺主治节"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "traditional_chinese_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_506",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，45 岁，体重 65kg。因胆囊结石及胆总管结石行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石术，手术顺利。手术当日出入量如下：总输入液量 4500mL，出量：胃肠减压 500mL，T 管引流 450mL，腹腔引流液 50mL，尿量 2500mL。患者心、肾功能及血电解质正常，未用利尿剂。术后第一天补液中应包括生理盐水\nA. 1000mL\nB. 500mL\nC. 2000mL\nD. 1500mL"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_507",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对评估肝硬化患者预后意义不大的是\nA. 腹水\nB. 清蛋白\nC. 血电解质\nD. 凝血酶原时间"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_508",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，28岁，右髋关节疼痛伴肿物3个月，低热、咳嗽1个月。查体：右髋关节呈屈曲畸形，可触及一直径约5cm左右的肿物，屈伸活动受限，Thomas征（+），血沉58mm/h。X线：右髋关节间隙变窄，关节面有虫蚀样骨质破坏，右髋臼有约2cm大小的空洞。住院治疗4周后，患者精神状况和食欲改善，复查血沉20mm/h，但是肿物没有消失，进一步治疗方案为\nA. 人工关节置换术\nB. 肿物切除术\nC. 髋人形石膏固定\nD. 病灶清除术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_509",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60 岁。自述 1 年半前因直肠肿瘤在外院手术治疗，具体术式不清。检查见左下腹部旁正中 12cm直切口瘢痕，其外侧有一肠造口，肛门已不存在。推测患者所做的手术方式应是\nA. Dixon手术\nB. Miles手术\nC. 乙状结肠造瘘术\nD. Hartmann手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_510",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "腰椎间盘突出病人髓核突出于神经跟外侧，病人减轻疼痛的代偿性姿势变位是\nA. 腰椎凸向健侧\nB. 腰椎凸向患侧\nC. 腰椎前凸消失\nD. 腰椎无侧凸变化"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_511",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "胆石症病人切除胆囊后最可能出现的情况是\nA. 增加消化性溃疡风险\nB. 不会再发生胆道结石\nC. 影响脂肪性食物的消化\nD. 胆汁排出量明显减少"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_512",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，55岁。上腹部被汽车撞伤2小时，剧烈腹痛，伴恶心呕吐，神志淡漠。查体：P135次/分，BP75/45mmHg，全腹有压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张，移动性浊音可疑阳性，肠鸣音减弱。首选的诊断方法是\nA. 腹腔动脉造影\nB. 腹部CT检查\nC. 腹腔穿刺\nD. 立位腹平片"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_513",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，65岁。患胆总管结石，手术切开胆总管探查，取石，并放置T管引流。术后T管造影发现仍有0.5cm残余结石。可经T管瘘管取出残余结石的最短时间是\nA. 术后4周\nB. 术后2周\nC. 术后6周\nD. 术后8周"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_514",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "10岁男孩，左大腿下段疼痛伴高热40℃1天，怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。体格检查有力证据是\nA. 左股骨下端（干骨骺）深压痛\nB. 左股骨下端肿胀\nC. 左膝关节伸屈受限\nD. 左股骨下端皮温升高"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_515",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，40岁，发现甲状腺结节10年，近年来易出汗，心悸，渐感呼吸困难，查体：脉搏104次/分，血压130/70mmHg，无突眼，甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大，结节状，心电图示：窦性心律不齐。最可能的诊断是\nA. 桥本甲状腺炎\nB. 继发性甲亢\nC. 原发性甲亢\nD. 单纯性甲状腺肿"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_516",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，50岁。口干、乏力1年，加重伴夜尿增多1个月。既往体健。查体：舌面干裂，口腔颊黏膜见数处小溃疡，多发龋齿，多个残留黑色牙根。化验：ESR84mm／h，ANA1:160阳性，抗SSA抗体阳性。最可能的诊断是\nA. 干燥综合征\nB. 系统性红斑狼疮\nC. 贝赫切特病\nD. 多发性骨髓瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_517",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男，29岁。转移性右下腹痛伴发热，诊断为急性阑尾炎。查体：嘱患者仰卧，使右髋和右大腿屈曲，然后医生旋转其下肢，引起患者右下腹疼痛。提示阑尾的位置在\nA. 盆位\nB. 右下腹麦氏点\nC. 肝下位\nD. 盲肠后位"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_518",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，17岁。半小时前因跳马比赛不慎颈部受伤，初步检查：患者可主动作肩前屈、肘屈运动，但不能主动作肘伸运动，双下肢软瘫。患者入院后，出现呼吸道感染，最主要的原因是\nA. 双下肢软瘫\nB. 膈肌瘫痪\nC. 未联合使用抗生素\nD. 肋间肌瘫痪"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_519",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于上皮组织恶性肿瘤的描述，错误的是\nA. 质地多较硬，色灰白\nB. 主要经淋巴道转移\nC. 实质与间质多分界不清\nD. 肿瘤细胞间多无网状纤维"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_520",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男，20岁。施工时左大腿开放伤，未发现骨折，行简单的创口缝合。2天后感伤部包扎过紧，疼痛剧烈，患肢肿胀明显，缝合处血性液体渗出多，恶臭。导致这种感染最主要的原因是\nA. 未使用抗生素\nB. 初次清创不彻底\nC. 伤口包扎过紧\nD. 止血不充分"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_521",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于直肠癌的手术治疗，正确的有\nA. 只要肛门外括约肌和肛提肌未受累可行Dixon术\nB. Dixon术要求低位直肠癌远端距切缘至少1cm\nC. 全部正确\nD. 腹会阴根治术需行左下腹永久性乙状结肠单腔造口"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_522",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，16 岁，左手烫伤，红肿，少数水泡，无感染。经治疗痊愈，局部皮肤组织的病理变化表现为\nA. 纤维瘢痕形成\nB. 毛细血管增生\nC. 正常皮肤\nD. 皮肤附属器破坏"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_523",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，45 岁，体重 65kg。因胆囊结石及胆总管结石行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石术，手术顺利。手术当日出入量如下：总输入液量 4500mL，出量：胃肠减压 500mL，T 管引流 450mL，腹腔引流液 50mL，尿量 2500mL。患者心、肾功能及血电解质正常，未用利尿剂。患者手术当天的显性额外损失量是\nA. 2000mL\nB. 2500mL\nC. 1000mL\nD. 3500mL"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_524",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，63岁。半年来因下肢骨关节病疼痛服用布布洛芬治疗。10天来上腹不适，1周前突发腹痛，经禁食、输液4天后好转，但仍觉上腹胀满，不能进食，发热，查体：T37.8摄氏度，P96次/分，BP130/80mmHg，上腹饱满有压痛，轻度肌紧张，肠鸣音正常。B超：胆囊6.8×3.5，壁厚3mm，胰腺显示不清，上腹肝下有一直径10cm含液性病变。化验：WBC14×109/L，中性粒细胞84%，Hb112g/L，血尿淀粉酶正常。患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 巨大肝囊肿\nB. 胆囊穿孔包裹积液\nC. 胰腺假性囊肿\nD. 胃穿孔后包裹积液"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_525",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不符合ARDS治疗原则的是\nA. 用利尿剂促进水肿的消退\nB. 大潮气量复张萎陷的肺泡\nC. 允许存在呼吸性酸中毒\nD. 高浓度给氧尽快提高PaO2"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_526",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，47岁，腹胀、纳差半年，6小时前突发呕血来诊。既往HBsAg(+)。查体：P125次/分，BP70/50mmHg，巩膜轻度黄染，肝脾肋下未触及，移动性浊音(+)，下肢可凹性水肿。应首选的处理措施是\nA. 剖腹探查\nB. 三腔二囊管压迫\nC. 紧急输液和输血\nD. 急诊胃镜止血"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_527",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，47岁，腹胀、纳差半年，6小时前突发呕血来诊。既往HBsAg(+)。查体：P125次/分，BP70/50mmHg，巩膜轻度黄染，肝脾肋下未触及，移动性浊音(+)，下肢可凹性水肿。该患者最可能的出血量约为\nA. ＞50ml\nB. ＞400ml\nC. ＞250ml\nD. ＞1000ml"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_528",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，男，50 岁，2 个月前饮酒后剧烈腹痛，住院 30 天后好转，近日上腹稍左发现一包块，有轻度压痛，此患者应高度怀疑为\nA. 胰腺假性囊肿\nB. 胰腺炎性包块\nC. 胰腺恶性肿瘤\nD. 脾脏肿瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_529",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，24岁。背重物时突然晕倒2小时入院。查体：P120次/分，R30次/分，BP80/60mmHg，神清，面色苍白，腹胀，全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛，移动性浊音阳性，肠鸣音消失，左下胸有皮肤瘀斑痕迹。1周前因车祸撞击左下胸部，曾卧床休息2天。为进一步明确诊断，急诊首选的检查是\nA. MRI\nB. CT\nC. X线\nD. B超"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_530",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，65岁。胆囊结石10年，近来反复发作胆绞痛，要求手术治疗。有高血压、糖尿病病史，服药血压维持在150-160/85-95mmHg，空腹血糖7.3mmol/L。患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术，手术顺利。术后前3天引流管微黄清亮液体15-20ml/日，拔除引流管。术后10天自觉右上腹不适来院复查，T37.2℃，血WBC9.0×109/L，B超发现胆囊窝处4-5cm液性暗区，穿刺抽出黄色液体似胆汁。最合理的处理是\nA. 穿刺置管引流\nB. 局部理疗\nC. 加用抗生素\nD. 手术引流"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_531",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肠结核的溃疡特点是\nA. 烧瓶状\nB. 火山口状\nC. 裂隙状\nD. 环形腰带状"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_532",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "大肠癌的好发部位是\nA. 直肠及乙状结肠\nB. 横结肠\nC. 升结肠及结肠肝曲\nD. 降结肠及乙状结肠"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_533",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，29 岁。右前臂刀割伤半小时来诊。检查发现垂腕畸形，掌指关节不能主动伸直。最可能损伤的是\nA. 尺动脉\nB. 桡神经\nC. 正中神经\nD. 尺神经"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_534",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，56岁。三年来进行性加重劳累后心悸、气短，多次出现夜间睡眠中呼吸困难，需坐起后缓解。半年来感腹胀、食欲下降、尿少、下肢水肿。既往无高血压、糖尿病、高血脂症。查体：P88次/分，BP130/70mmHg，半卧位，颈静脉怒张，双肺底可闻及湿啰音，心前区搏动弥散，心界向两侧扩大，心率110次/分，心律不整，心音强弱不等，P2＞A2，心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期吹风样杂音，肝肋下2.0cm，肝颈静脉反流征(+)，下肢水肿(++)。该患者心律不整最可能的类型是\nA. 频发期前收缩\nB. 心房颤动\nC. 窦性心律不齐\nD. 阵发性室上性心动过速"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_535",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，55 岁。腰痛 3 个月。查体：L4、5 水平棘突间压痛。双下肢无畸形，肌力正常，双侧膝反射正常，跟腱反射未引出；双下肢肢体深浅感觉对称、正常，鞍区痛、触觉减退。首选的治疗方案是\nA. 非手术治疗\nB. 微创髓核摘除术\nC. 椎板减压加椎弓根钉内固定术\nD. 椎板切除减压术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_536",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，65岁，8天前行结肠癌根治术。2天来发热伴左下肢疼痛。查体：T38℃，腹部切口愈合好，已拆线。左小腿肿胀，腓肠肌压痛(+)，Homans征(+)。检查：胸片正常，腹部B超示腹腔无积液。化验：血WBC9.8×109／L，尿常规正常。最可能的诊断是\nA. 左下肢肌筋膜炎\nB. 左下肢深静脉血栓形成\nC. 左下肢丹毒\nD. 左下肢浅静脉炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_537",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，24岁。背重物时突然晕倒2小时入院。查体：P120次/分，R30次/分，BP80/60mmHg，神清，面色苍白，腹胀，全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛，移动性浊音阳性，肠鸣音消失，左下胸有皮肤瘀斑痕迹。1周前因车祸撞击左下胸部，曾卧床休息2天。该患者手术探查的顺序是\nA. 最先探查肠系膜根部大血管\nB. 先探查盆腔器官，后探查肝脾\nC. 先探查肝脾，后探查胃肠道\nD. 先探查胰腺，后探查肝脾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_538",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者在稳定期需要长期吸入糖皮质激素的主要指标是\nA. 去年发生2次或以上急性加重\nB. 肺功能示FEV1%预计值为70%\nC. 患者剧烈活动时出现呼吸困难\nD. 平地走数分钟后需停下来喘气"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_539",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60 岁。自述 1 年半前因直肠肿瘤在外院手术治疗，具体术式不清。检查见左下腹部旁正中12cm直切口瘢痕，其外侧有一肠造囗，肛门已不存在。患者一般状况尚好，肠造口排便正常。肝脏 CT 见右后叶下段肝内有一直径 2.5cm 结节，环周强化明显，血 CEA 升高，AFP、CA19-9 正常。应首先考虑的诊断是\nA. 肝转移癌\nB. 肝血管瘤\nC. 原发性肝癌\nD. 肝囊肿"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_540",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，60岁，间断水肿3年，加重1个月，气短、尿少2天。既往糖尿病病史2年。查体：血压150/90mmHg，移动性浊音阳性，下肢明显水肿。辅助检查：尿蛋白(++++)，红细胞0-2/HP，血浆白蛋白20g/L。对该患者确诊和治疗最有意义的检查是\nA. 肾功能\nB. 尿白蛋白排泄率\nC. 肾脏B超\nD. 肾活检"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_541",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，42 岁。无痛性甲状腺肿大 3 个月。查体：甲状腺弥漫性肿大，触诊质地较硬、韧，表面光滑。化验：T3、T4略低于正常。最可能的诊断是\nA. 甲状腺癌\nB. 亚急性甲状腺炎\nC. 单纯性甲状腺肿\nD. 慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_542",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，43岁。肝外胆管结石症史3年，10小时前突然右上腹绞痛，恶心、呕吐，继而出现，寒战、高热、神志淡漠、嗜睡，查体：T：40℃，P120次每分，BP：85/60mmHg，上腹轻压痛。最佳的处理措施是\nA. 联和抗生素保守治疗\nB. 静脉大量补液\nC. 紧急手术\nD. 静脉应用升压药"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_543",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "医院内肺炎的常见病原菌不包括\nA. 肺炎克雷伯杆菌\nB. 金黄色葡萄球菌\nC. 流感嗜血杆菌\nD. 鲍曼不动杆菌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_544",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，69岁。因2小时前(凌晨5:00)在睡眠中突发心前区疼痛伴大汗，自服速效救心丸无效，急送来院(晨7:00)。即刻作心电图为：Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段弓背向上抬高0.2～0.4mV。采血检查，最可能异常的项目是\nA. 谷草转氨酶\nB. 肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB\nC. 肌钙蛋白T\nD. 肌红蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_545",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，45岁。两侧颈部淋巴结无痛肿大1个月，无原因发热3天入院，既往体健。查体：T38.5℃，双颈部各触及2个肿大淋巴结，最大者为2.5×1.5cm，左腹股沟可触及1个1.5×1cm淋巴结，均活动无压痛，巩膜无黄染，心肺检查未见异常，肝肋下0.5cm，脾肋下1cm。化验Hb115g/L，WBC8.2×109/L，Plt149×109/L，颈部淋巴结活检示弥漫性小-中等大小细胞浸润，细胞免疫表型：CD5(+)，CD20(+)，CyclinD1(+)。该患者的诊断是\nA. Burkitt淋巴瘤\nB. 滤泡性淋巴瘤\nC. 脾边缘区细胞淋巴瘤\nD. 套细胞淋巴瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_546",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，72 岁，因车祸来院。查体：右下肢外旋、短缩畸形，X 线平片示：右股骨颈头下型骨折，部分移位。既往有高血压、服药控制在 130-140/80-90 mmHg。最适宜的治疗方法是\nA. 右下肢持续牵引、对症治疗\nB. 手法复位，石膏固定\nC. 切开复位内固定\nD. 人工关节置换"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_547",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，56 岁。2 天前突发持续上腹痛，阵发加剧，并腰背部胀痛，恶心、呕吐，急诊入院。既往有胆囊结石病史 3 年。查体：T36.9℃，P104 次/分，R20 次/分，BP 130/80mmHg，巩膜无黄染，上腹较膨隆，压痛，轻度肌紧张及反跳痛，肠鸣音弱。化验：Hb128g/L，WBC16.7*109/L，血淀粉酶786U/L，尿淀粉酶 1600U/L。此病人最可能的诊断是\nA. 急性胰腺炎\nB. 急性胆囊炎\nC. 急性胆管炎\nD. 上消化道穿孔"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_548",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，20岁。有静脉吸毒史，检测发现其HIV抗体(+)，患者要求医生为其保守秘密。医生正确的做法是\nA. 不公开患者该信息，只告知其直系家属\nB. 为患者保密，不告知任何人\nC. 得患者同意后报告疾控中心\nD. 不公开患者该信息，但报告疾控中心"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_549",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，18岁。近一年反复腰部疼痛，活动受限。近两月来又出现双髋疼痛，轻度屈曲畸形，需拄拐行走。X线检查显示：双侧骶髂关节面模糊，双侧股骨头表面毛糙，髋关节间隙变窄。患者所患疾病较少累及的部位是\nA. 髋关节\nB. 脊柱\nC. 手关节\nD. 膝关节"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_550",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，41岁。腹胀、低热3个月。既往有右侧附件结核病史2年。查体：T37.8℃，心肺未见异常，腹壁柔韧感，轻压痛，肝脾触诊不满意，移动性浊音阳性。对确定诊断最有价值的检查是\nA. 妇科检查\nB. 腹部CT\nC. 腹腔穿刺腹水检查\nD. 腹部B超"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_551",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，55岁。左侧乳房内肿块4×3cm，基底不固定，左腋下可触及多个质硬淋巴结相互融合，淋巴活检病理报告乳腺癌转移，未发现远处转移。按照国际标准，应属于的分期是\nA. T₂N₂M₀\nB. T₃N₁M₀\nC. T₂N₁M₀\nD. T₁N₁M₀"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_552",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，26岁。乏力、头晕2个月。既往月经过多2年。化验血：Hb65g／L，RBC2.8×1012／L，MCV69fl，MCHC28％，Ret1.2％，WBC4.5×109／L，Ph350×109／L。采用铁剂治疗时，最早上升的化验项目是\nA. MCV\nB. RBC\nC. Hb\nD. Ret"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_553",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60岁。自述1年半前因直肠肿瘤在外院手术治疗，具体术式不清。检查见左下腹部旁正中12cm腹直肌切口瘢痕，其外侧有一肠造口，肛门已不存在。患者一般状况尚好，肠造口排便正常。肝脏CT见肝右后叶下段内有一直径2.5cm结节，环周强化明显，血CEA升高，AFP、CA19-9正常。应首先考虑的诊断是\nA. 原发性肝内胆管细胞癌\nB. 转移性肝癌\nC. 原发性肝细胞癌\nD. 肝囊肿"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_554",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，45岁。两侧颈部淋巴结无痛肿大1个月，无原因发热3天入院，既往体健。查体：T38.5℃，双颈部各触及2个肿大淋巴结，最大者为2.5×1.5cm，左腹股沟可触及1个1.5×1cm淋巴结，均活动无压痛，巩膜无黄染，心肺检查未见异常，肝肋下0.5cm，脾肋下1cm。化验Hb115g/L，WBC8.2×109/L，Plt149×109/L，颈部淋巴结活检示弥漫性小-中等大小细胞浸润，细胞免疫表型：CD5(+)，CD20(+)，CyclinD1(+)。该患者治疗的最佳方案是\nA. R-CHOP\nB. ABVD\nC. CHOP\nD. MOPP"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_555",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，25岁。乏力、腹胀、消瘦1个半月。查体：心肺未见异常，腹软，肝肋下1Cm，脾肋下7Cm。化验血：Hb125g／L，WBC91.5×109／L，分类：中幼粒细胞6％，晚幼粒细胞11％，杆状核粒细胞23％，分叶中性粒细胞33％，嗜酸性粒细胞9％，嗜碱性粒细胞4％，淋巴细胞14％，Plt412×109／L，NAP阴性。最可能的诊断是\nA. 慢性髓系白血病\nB. 慢性淋巴细胞白血病\nC. 原发性骨髓纤维化\nD. 急性髓系白血病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_556",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "免疫组织化学染色显示肿瘤细胞呈HMB45阳性，首先考虑\nA. 星形细胞瘤\nB. Burkitt淋巴瘤\nC. 平滑肌肉瘤\nD. 黑色素瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_557",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "麻醉中发现 CO2 蓄积，如排出速度过快，最可能出现的临床表现是\nA. 血压上升，呼吸变快\nB. 血压上升，呼吸变慢\nC. 血压下降，呼吸暂停\nD. 血压下降，呼吸变快"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_558",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "伴明显呼吸功能障碍的肺泡蛋白沉着症患者首选的治疗方法是\nA. 避免抗原接触\nB. 全肺灌洗\nC. 糖皮质激素\nD. 肺移植"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_559",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，35岁，患有风湿性关节炎。3天来感冒、发热、咳嗽，入院前突感呼吸困难，咳粉红色泡沫样痰，烦躁不安。查体：心尖区闻及滚筒样舒张期杂音，胸骨左缘第2肋间递减型高调叹气样舒张期杂音，于吸气末增强，双肺散在哮鸣音，肺底湿啰音。该患者最可能的器质性病变是\nA. 二尖瓣狭窄伴肺动脉瓣狭窄\nB. 二尖瓣狭窄伴主动脉瓣关闭不全\nC. 二尖瓣狭窄伴肺动脉瓣关闭不全\nD. 二尖瓣狭窄"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_560",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，45岁。左乳房包块5个月。查体：左乳房外上象限可触及3cm×2cm包块，质硬，不光滑，无压痛，左腋窝触及3枚肿大淋巴结。钼靶：左乳房外上象限3cm×2cm高密度影，周边有毛刺，中央有细沙样钙化。经确诊予以手术，患者术后3年出现腰背部疼痛，逐渐加重，此时应首选的检查是\nA. CA15-3\nB. MRI\nC. BRCA\nD. ECT"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_561",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "慢性肺心病心功能代偿期除了有COPD的临床表现外，还可有的体征是\nA. 三尖瓣区舒张期杂音\nB. 腹腔积液\nC. 剑突下心脏搏动增强\nD. 肝颈静脉回流征"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_562",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，18岁。近一年反复腰部疼痛，活动受限。近两月来又出现双髋疼痛，轻度屈曲畸形，需拄拐行走。X线检查显示：双侧骶髂关节面模糊，双侧股骨头表面毛糙，髋关节间隙变窄。以下检查中，对该患者明确诊断帮助最大的是\nA. ESR、RF、骶髂关节CT\nB. ESR、RF、骶髂关节MRI\nC. ESR、HLA-B27、骶髂关节CT\nD. ESR、HLA-B27、骶髂关节MRI"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_563",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，男，60 岁，10 天前行胃癌根治术，近 5 天来体温 38℃左右，胸片正常，尿常规未见异常，腹部伤口愈合好，已拆线，上腹部 B 超未见积液，查体发现左小腿微肿，腓肠肌有压痛。对该患者不宜采取的措施是\nA. 抗感染\nB. 抬高患肢\nC. 多做下肢运动\nD. 手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_564",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，45岁，10年前患乙型肝炎，保肝治疗后病情缓解，近来查体发现脾大至肋缘，胃镜见食管下段静脉中度曲张。肝功能化验大致正常，血Hb124g/L，WBC2.9×109/L，plt40×109L，此病人恰当的处理方法是\nA. 脾切除术\nB. 脾切除术，贲门周围血管离断术\nC. 脾切除术，肝肾分流\nD. 保肝治疗，观察"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_565",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某患者家属来医院找骨科医生，诉其亲属因右脚踝部扭伤不能上班，请求开具假条。医生要求患者前来就诊，家属述患者行动困难，来医院不便。根据《医师法》相关规定，医生的正确做法是\nA. 考虑患者行动不便，为其开具假条\nB. 考虑家属带患者来诊困难，为其开具假条\nC. 落实简化就医流程，为其开具假条\nD. 未经亲自诊查患者，不开具假条"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_566",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60 岁。自述 1 年半前因直肠肿瘤在外院手术治疗，具体术式不清。检查见左下腹部旁正中 12cm直切口瘢痕，其外侧有一肠造囗，肛门已不存在。最佳治疗方法是\nA. 肿瘤射频消融\nB. 右半肝切除术\nC. 肝部分切除术\nD. 全身化疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_567",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，28岁，足底铁钉刺伤后两天，乏力，张口困难，继之苦笑面容，角张反弓，声响了诱发上述症状，神志清，无发热。该伤口处置应用\nA. 高锰酸钾溶液\nB. 高浓度抗生素\nC. 生理盐水\nD. 过氧化氢溶液"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_568",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，30岁。癔病发作后出现手足搐搦，口周麻木，其原因是\nA. 呼吸性酸中毒\nB. 代谢性碱中毒\nC. 呼吸性碱中毒\nD. 代谢性酸中毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_569",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "Richter疝易误诊的原因不包括\nA. 多无肠梗阻表现\nB. 嵌顿内容物为大网膜\nC. 不易引起肠绞窄\nD. 局部肿块不明显"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_570",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，24 岁。背重物时突然晕倒 2 小时入院，查体：P 120 次/分，R30 次/分，BP80/60mmHg，神清，面色苍白，腹胀，全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛，移动性浊音阳性，肠鸣音消失，左下胸有皮肤淤斑痕迹。1 周前因车祸撞击左下胸部，曾卧床休息 2 天。该病人最可能的诊断是\nA. 肠系膜血管破裂\nB. 腹膜后血肿\nC. 脾破裂\nD. 肝破裂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_571",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60岁。自述1年半前因直肠肿瘤在外院手术治疗，具体术式不清。检查见左下腹部旁正中12cm腹直肌切口瘢痕，其外侧有一肠造口，肛门已不存在。患者一般状况尚好，肠造口排便正常。肝脏CT见肝右后叶下段内有一直径2.5cm结节，环周强化明显，血CEA升高，AFP、CA19-9正常。目前最佳的治疗方案是\nA. 右半肝切除术\nB. 肝部分切除术\nC. 肿瘤射频消融\nD. 全身化疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_572",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，67 岁。3 小时前突发脐周绞痛，面色苍白，大汗，3 小时后疼痛减轻，出现腹胀。有心房颤动病史。查体：全腹压痛、反跳痛、轻度肌紧张，移动性浊音可疑，肠鸣音弱。最有诊断意义的检查是\nA. 选择性腹腔动脉造影\nB. 腹部B超检查\nC. 立卧位腹部平片\nD. 血淀粉酶测定"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_573",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，34 岁。1 年前打篮球受伤后膝关节经常隐痛，检查发现：右膝前内侧关节间隙处有压痛，Mc Murray 试验阳性，最有可能的诊断是\nA. 内侧半月板损伤\nB. 前十字韧带损伤\nC. 创伤性关节炎\nD. 内侧副韧带损伤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_574",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，22岁，右膝内侧肿块8年，无明显疼痛，X线示股骨下端内侧干骺端杵状肿块，首先考虑的诊断是\nA. 骨样骨瘤\nB. 骨软骨瘤\nC. 骨囊肿\nD. 软骨瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_575",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，42岁。2个月以来进行性乏力，头晕，心悸，纳差。查体：面色苍白，心率110次/分。血常规：Hb72g/L，MCV124fl，MCH40pg，MCHC330g/L，Ret1.0%，WBC3.4×109/L，Plt85×109/L。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 巨幼细胞性贫血\nB. 再生障碍性贫血\nC. 缺铁性贫血\nD. 溶血性贫血"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_576",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，25岁，1周来无明显诱因发热、双膝关节疼痛伴皮肤出血点，自测体温最高38.8℃，无寒战。既往体健。查体：T38.1℃，四肢皮肤可见出血点，口腔黏膜见两处溃疡。心、肺、腹无明显异常。化验血：Hb102g/L，WBC5.2×109/L，Plt24×109/L，网织红细胞4.9%，尿蛋白(++)。为明确诊断，查体中还需特别注意检查\nA. 杵状指\nB. 结节状红斑\nC. 盘状红斑\nD. 无痛性对称结节"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_577",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在肺血栓栓塞症的基本治疗中，尚不能满足要求的是\nA. 阿司匹林\nB. 华法林\nC. 普通肝素\nD. 利伐沙班"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_578",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，21岁。2周前咽痛、发热，体温最高为38.5℃，按“上感”治疗后好转，2天来眼睑水肿，尿少。查体：BP150／90mmHg，双眼睑水肿，心肺腹检查未见异常，双下肢凹陷性水肿(++)。尿常规：蛋白(++)，沉渣镜检红细胞20～25个／HP，白细胞0～3个／HP。该患者水肿的主要机制是\nA. 血浆胶体渗透压降低\nB. 醛固酮增高\nC. 抗利尿激素过多\nD. 肾小球滤过率下降"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_579",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，75岁。下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部致局部疼痛，2天后加重，不能下地行走。查体右下肢短缩，外旋50度，右髋肿胀不明显，有叩痛。最可能的诊断是\nA. 右股骨颈骨折\nB. 右股骨转子间骨折\nC. 右髋后脱位\nD. 右髋前脱位"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_580",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，45岁，因甲状腺癌行左叶甲状腺全切术，术后出现饮水时呛咳，发音无改变。为避免再次出现此手术并发症，应注意\nA. 要注意保护甲状腺腺体的背面\nB. 术中结扎甲状腺下动脉要远离下极\nC. 术前需要使用碘剂，并行颈部摄片\nD. 术中结扎甲状腺上动脉要紧贴上极"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_581",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，55 岁。反复发作上腹痛并发热 8 年，近日再次发作。查体：T39℃，P112 次/分，BP132/86mmHg，巩膜不黄，上腹压痛，轻度肌紧张，肝区叩痛。化验：Hb132g/L，WBC 13.8×109/L，N86%，ALT86U/L，T-Bil 28.5µmol/L。MRCP 提示：左侧肝内胆管局限性扩张，其内可见多发低信号影，右侧肝内胆管及肝外胆管未见扩张，胆囊不大，肝左叶体积缩小。该患者的诊断是\nA. 胆囊炎\nB. 左肝内胆管结石、胆管炎\nC. 左肝肝癌脓肿\nD. 左肝内胆管结石"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_582",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，32岁。发现持续性高血压3年，BP150-160/90-100mmHg，常因情绪激动或体位改变诱发血压升高，最高210/110mmHg，伴头痛、心悸、出汗。口服多种降压药疗效不佳。查体：T36.7℃，P90次/分，BP158/95mmHg，甲状腺(-)，双肺(-)，心界不大，心律不整，可闻及期前收缩5-6次/分，心尖部S1增强，腹部未闻及血管杂音，双下肢不肿。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 库欣综合征\nB. 原发性醛固酮增多症\nC. 嗜铬细胞瘤\nD. 肾动脉狭窄"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_583",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，47 岁。疑胆管结石行 ERCP 检查，4 小时后剑突下偏左出现持续性疼痛并呕吐。查体：T37.8 摄氏度，剑突下偏左轻压痛，无反跳痛和肌紧张。最可能的诊断是\nA. 胰腺炎\nB. 胃炎\nC. 胆囊炎\nD. 胆管炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_584",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁，4小时前吃枣时误服一枚枣核，现感腹痛，无呕吐、无排便。该病人可能发生的最严重的情况是\nA. 回盲瓣梗阻\nB. 幽门梗阻\nC. 消化道穿孔\nD. 消化道粘膜损伤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_585",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，30岁。上腹部钝器伤3小时来院，曾呕吐少量鲜血，诉上腹及腰部不适。查体上腹压痛，轻度肌紧张，肠鸣音弱。腹部平片见右肾及腰大肌轮廓模糊。最可能的诊断是\nA. 空肠破裂\nB. 胃破裂\nC. 脾破裂\nD. 十二指肠破裂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_586",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，55 岁。腰痛 3 个月。查体：L4、5 水平棘突间压痛。双下肢无畸形，肌力正常，双侧膝反射正常，跟腱反射未引出；双下肢肢体深浅感觉对称、正常，鞍区痛、触觉减退。本病与腰椎管狭窄进行鉴别诊断的要点是\nA. 持续跛行\nB. 症状多阳性体征少\nC. 下腰痛\nD. 鞍区感觉异常"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_587",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，男，60 岁，10 天前行胃癌根治术，近 5 天来体温 38℃左右，胸片正常，尿常规未见异常，腹部伤口愈合好，已拆线，上腹部 B 超未见积液，查体发现左小腿微肿，腓肠肌有压痛。可能的诊断是\nA. 左下肢深静脉血栓形成\nB. 左下肢肌筋膜炎\nC. 左膝关节炎\nD. 左下肢浅静脉炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_588",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，17岁。半小时前因跳马比赛不慎颈部受伤，初步检查：患者可主动作肩前屈、肘屈运动，但不能主动作肘伸运动，双下肢软瘫。急诊入院后，颈椎X线片未见骨折脱位，最适宜的处理是\nA. 半卧位，减轻腹部对胸腔的压力\nB. 平卧四头带颈部牵引\nC. 气管切开、呼吸机辅助呼吸\nD. 急诊手术探查颈髓损伤程度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_589",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，40岁。近三年经常于清晨突发晕厥，出冷汗，饮糖水后症状缓解。B超示胰腺占位，约1.5cm。该肿瘤好发部位依次是\nA. 胰尾、胰体、胰头\nB. 胰头体尾几率基本相等\nC. 胰头、胰颈、胰体\nD. 胰头、胰体、胰尾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_590",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某药企在一社区进行“某药对高血压患者脑卒中发生率的影响”随机双盲空白对照试验，受试者为高血压中危患者，时间为3年。患者发生脑卒中后即停止观察，实验组服用研究药物，对照组服用安慰剂。社区医生每招募1名受试者给其100元作为酬劳。从伦理学角度来说，以下说法正确的是\nA. 实验设计完全科学，故无伦理学的问题\nB. 实验设计不符合伦理学要求，招募者之间存在利益冲突\nC. 对于受试者有较大的风险，但可得到伦理辩护\nD. 实验设计符合伦理学要求，但招募者之间存在利益冲突"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_591",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，42岁。2个月以来进行性乏力，头晕，心悸，纳差。查体：面色苍白，心率110次/分。血常规：Hb72g/L，MCV124fl，MCH40pg，MCHC330g/L，Ret1.0%，WBC3.4×109/L，Plt85×109/L。最可能支持该患者诊断的骨髓象是\nA. 浆细胞增多\nB. 粒红倒置\nC. 核幼浆老\nD. 核老浆幼"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_592",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，50 岁。体重 60kg，行胃癌根治术，其术后每日需要最合适的热量是\nA. 1500kcal\nB. 1650kcal\nC. 1950kcal\nD. 1800kcal"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_593",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，35岁。甲状腺乳头状癌根治手术后第一天，发现饮水时有呛咳，说话音调降低。最可能的原因是\nA. 喉上神经损伤\nB. 喉返神经损伤\nC. 插管致声门水肿\nD. 声带损伤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_594",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，45岁，经常头痛、头晕，有时突然晕倒，随后很快清醒，偶有视物不清，颈椎侧弯或后伸可加重头晕。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 椎动脉型颈椎病\nB. 脊髓型颈椎病\nC. 神经根型颈椎病\nD. 交感型颈椎病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_595",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "6岁儿童诊断为急性阑尾炎，治疗应选择\nA. 保守治疗无效再手术\nB. 抗生素治疗\nC. 尽早手术\nD. 中药治疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_596",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不符合小结节性肝硬化特点描述的是\nA. 再生的肝细胞体积大，有双核、核大、深染\nB. 假小叶内的中央静脉缺如、偏位、两个以上\nC. 假小叶大小相仿，其内肝细胞排列紊乱\nD. 结节直径一般在3mm以下，纤维间隔较细"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_597",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，36岁。支气管哮喘30年，再发咳嗽伴喘息3天，吸入沙丁胺醇症状稍改善，1天来喘息加重。查体：R32次/分，端坐呼吸，大汗，语不成句，口唇发绀，双肺呼吸音低，可闻及散在哮鸣音，未闻及湿啰音，心率126次/分，有奇脉。对该患者应首选的辅助检查是\nA. 胸部X线片\nB. 心电图\nC. 肺功能\nD. 动脉血气分析"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_598",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，40岁，发现甲状腺结节10年，近年来易出汗，心悸，渐感呼吸困难，查体：脉搏104次/分，血压130/70mmHg，无突眼，甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大，结节状，心电图示：窦性心律不齐。首选的根治性治疗方法\nA. 甲状腺全切术\nB. 甲状腺大部分切除术\nC. 抗甲状腺药物治疗\nD. 同位素治疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_599",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，39岁，饱餐饮酒后持续性上腹部疼痛伴恶心呕吐，查体心率110次/分血压136/86mmHg，腹部平坦，中上腹部压痛阳性，轻度肌紧张，肠鸣音正常，化验结果wbc12X10⁹/L、N78%、血脂肪酶2130U/l腹部增强CT提示胰腺增大，密度不均，边界模糊，胰腺周围轻度渗出，胰体尾部低密度斑块影，密度不均。首选的治疗措施是\nA. 手术清除坏死组织加引流\nB. 保守对症支持治疗\nC. 胰腺体尾切除术\nD. 置管引流渗出液"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_600",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，25岁。2年来反复出现上腹痛，一般多发生于进餐1小时后。1天来呕吐咖啡渣样胃内容物伴黑便1次。既往无肝炎病史。查体：BP100／60mmHg，心率92次／分，心律整，上腹部轻压痛，肝脾肋下未触及。最可能的诊断是\nA. 肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血\nB. 胃溃疡出血\nC. 胃癌出血\nD. 十二指肠溃疡出血"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_601",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "直肠癌根治术后第一天，病人突然寒战高热，达 39℃，最可能的原因是\nA. 输液反应\nB. 肺炎\nC. 伤口感染\nD. 腹腔感染"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_602",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，55 岁。反复发作上腹痛并发热 8 年，近日再次发作。查体：T39℃，P112 次/分，BP132/86mmHg，巩膜不黄，上腹压痛，轻度肌紧张，肝区叩痛。化验：Hb132g/L，WBC 13.8×109/L，N86%，ALT86U/L，T-Bil 28.5µmol/L。MRCP 提示：左侧肝内胆管局限性扩张，其内可见多发低信号影，右侧肝内胆管及肝外胆管未见扩张，胆囊不大，肝左叶体积缩小。最佳的治疗方案是\nA. 保守治疗后左半肝切除术\nB. PTCD治疗\nC. 内镜下Oddi括约肌切开术\nD. 急行胆囊切除术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_603",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于增生型肠结核临床表现的描述，正确的是\nA. 腹痛在排便排气后不缓解\nB. 并发症以出血多见\nC. 常伴里急后重\nD. 以便秘为主"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_604",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男，50岁，上肢被开水烫伤，皮肤见多数较大水疱，其烧伤累及皮肤的深度是\nA. 表皮层\nB. 真皮深层\nC. 真皮浅层\nD. 皮肤全层"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_605",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁，4小时前吃枣将一枚枣核咽下，现腹痛，无呕吐、排便。经1天观察，腹痛减轻，仍未排便。处理措施是\nA. 结肠镜检查\nB. 开腹探查，取异物\nC. 胃镜检查\nD. 口服液体石蜡油"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_606",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "治疗肛瘘时最重要的是确定\nA. 肛瘘分泌物细菌培养的结果\nB. 肛瘘与肛门括约肌的解剖关系\nC. 肛瘘有几个内口\nD. 肛瘘有几个外口"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_607",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，36岁。支气管哮喘30年，再发咳嗽伴喘息3天，吸入沙丁胺醇症状稍改善，1天来喘息加重。查体：R32次/分，端坐呼吸，大汗，语不成句，口唇发绀，双肺呼吸音低，可闻及散在哮鸣音，未闻及湿啰音，心率126次/分，有奇脉。以下处理措施中，不恰当的是\nA. 持续雾化吸入β2受体激动剂\nB. 静脉滴注糖皮质激素\nC. 鼻导管吸氧\nD. 限制液体入量（＜2000ml/天）"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_608",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，35岁。因2个月来渐进性乏力、心悸、头晕来诊。平素食欲差，近5年来月经长期每20天左右一次，每次持续7～8天，量多。查体：T37.2℃，P102次／分，BP108／68mmHg。皮肤干燥，睑结膜苍白，双肺(-)，心律整，心尖部可闻及3／6级收缩期吹风样杂音，肝脾肋下未及，下肢不肿。根据上述病史及体征，最可能的诊断是\nA. 结核病\nB. 急性风湿热\nC. 甲状腺功能减退症\nD. 缺铁性贫血"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_609",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60岁，黄疸、尿色变深、皮肤瘙痒2周。查体：T36.5℃，皮肤巩膜黄染。右上腹无痛性圆形肿块，随呼吸上下运动，肿块最可能为\nA. 胰头部肿瘤\nB. 胆总管囊肿\nC. 肝脏下缘\nD. 胆囊"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_610",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列治疗休克的措施中，最重要的是\nA. 补充血容量\nB. 纠正酸碱平衡失调\nC. 保持合适的体位并吸氧\nD. 应用血管活性药"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_611",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，55岁，乙肝病史15年，CT提示右肝直径8cm肿物，靠近第一肝门，Child分级C级，AFP890ng/ml，考虑肝癌。最佳治疗方案\nA. 局部放射治疗\nB. 全身化疗\nC. 选择性肝动脉栓塞\nD. 局部无水酒精注射"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_612",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，28岁，右髋关节疼痛伴肿物3个月，低热、咳嗽1个月。查体：右髋关节呈屈曲畸形，可触及一直径约5cm左右的肿物，屈伸活动受限，Thomas征（+），血沉58mm/h。X线：右髋关节间隙变窄，关节面有虫蚀样骨质破坏，右髋臼有约2cm大小的空洞。下列检查中对确诊最有价值的是\nA. 骨扫描\nB. 胸部X线片\nC. 髋部B超\nD. 髋部MRI"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_613",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "T 型管拔出后患者出现持续性右上腹痛伴肌紧张，最可能的原因是\nA. 急性胰腺炎\nB. 胆道痉挛\nC. 急性胆管炎\nD. 胆汁性腹膜炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_614",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，65岁。胆囊结石10年，近来反复发作胆绞痛，要求手术治疗。有高血压、糖尿病病史，服药血压维持在150-160/85-95mmHg，空腹血糖7.3mmol/L。患者术前处理措施中，正确的是\nA. 血压、血糖均正常后再手术\nB. 血糖降至6.1mmol/L再手术\nC. 无需特殊处理，可手术\nD. 血压降至130/90mmHg再手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_615",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，45岁。自觉双手指关节疼痛2年，近半年感觉关节僵硬。血清学检查：类风湿因子阳性。该患者关节内的主要病理改变是\nA. 肉芽肿性炎\nB. 大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润\nC. 浆液渗出性炎\nD. 非化脓性增生性滑膜炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_616",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，65岁。反复上腹部不适、轻度黄疸3个月，腹痛、黄疸加重伴高热2天。入院查体：T39.5℃，P125次/分，BP75/50mmHg，右上腹压痛。腹部超声检查发现胆囊多发结石，胆总管直径1.5cm，胰头显示不清。血WBC15×10⁹/L，中性粒细胞90％。该患者首选的治疗方法是\nA. 大剂量抗生素抗感染后择期手术\nB. 大量输液抗休克同时尽早手术\nC. 全胃肠外营养后择期手术\nD. 应用血管收缩剂至血压正常后及早手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_617",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对肠黏膜细胞有营养作用的药物是\nA. 核苷酸\nB. 支链氨基酸\nC. 谷氨酰胺\nD. 精氨酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_618",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，58岁，脓血便2周，直肠指诊距肛缘4cm触及肿物，质硬，不活动，占据左侧结肠大半周，指套染血，拟珍直肠癌。应选择的手术方式是\nA. Mile术\nB. Hartmann术\nC. Park术\nD. Dixon术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_619",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，67 岁。3 小时前突发脐周绞痛，面色苍白，大汗，2 小时后疼痛减轻，出现腹胀。有心房颤动病史。查体：全腹压痛、反跳痛、轻度肌紧张，移动性浊音可疑，肠鸣音弱。最可能的诊断是\nA. 上消化道穿孔\nB. 重症急性胰腺炎\nC. 肠系膜上动脉栓塞\nD. 急性肠扭转"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_620",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，23岁。右腹股沟可复性包块2年。查体：肿块还纳后，压迫内环口不复出，无压痛。手术中最有可能的发现是\nA. 直疝三角部位腹壁薄\nB. 疝内容物常为大网膜\nC. 盲肠组成疝囊壁的一部分\nD. 疝囊颈位于腹壁下动脉外侧"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_621",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，32岁。饮酒后中上腹持续性疼痛6小时，并逐渐加剧，向肩、背部放射，伴恶心、呕吐。查体：P118次/分，BP90/75mmHg，急性面容，表情痛苦，全腹压痛，尤以中上腹为著，轻度肌紧张和反跳痛，肝区未触及肿块。外周血WBC15×109/L，中性粒细胞81%。明确诊断后，对决定治疗最有价值的诊断检查是\nA. 腹部B超\nB. 血、尿淀粉酶测定\nC. 血钙测定\nD. 腹部增强CT"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_622",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，75 岁，肠梗阻 5 天急行手术探查，术中发现结肠脾曲癌致结肠梗阻，无转移征象，横结肠扩张、水肿，恰当的手术方式是\nA. 横结肠造口术、二期左半结肠切除\nB. 肿瘤切除、横结肠造口术\nC. 左半结肠切除、横结肠乙状结肠吻合术\nD. 横结肠、乙状结肠侧侧吻合术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_623",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，60岁，间断水肿3年，加重1个月，气短、尿少2天。既往糖尿病病史2年。查体：血压150/90mmHg，移动性浊音阳性，下肢明显水肿。辅助检查：尿蛋白(++++)，红细胞0-2/HP，血浆白蛋白20g/L。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 肾病综合征\nB. 慢性肾炎急性发作\nC. 糖尿病肾病\nD. 急性肾小球肾炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_624",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，52岁，颈部痛伴右肩部痛1年余，近5个月出现四肢麻木，无力，行走时有踩棉花感，查体：颈部无明显畸形，活动轻度受限，右手及前臂尺侧感觉减退，双下肢肌紧张增高，肌力Ⅳ级，X线见颈椎骨质增生，生理曲度变直，最可能的诊断是\nA. 肩周炎\nB. 颈椎肿瘤\nC. 脊髓型颈椎病\nD. 交感神经型颈椎病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_625",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，43岁。肝外胆管结石症史3年，10小时前突然右上腹绞痛，恶心、呕吐，继而出现，寒战、高热、神志淡漠、嗜睡，查体：T：40℃，P120次每分，BP：85/60mmHg，上腹轻压痛。首选的腹部检查方法是\nA. 增强CT\nB. 头颅MRI\nC. B超\nD. X线平片"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_626",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，72岁，高血压、心绞痛病史2年。20小时前经股动脉途径行冠状动脉造影显示：升主动脉明显扩张，左前降支95%阻塞，半小时前患者起床后突感胸闷、胸痛、呼吸困难，血压70/50mmHg，颈静脉明显充盈，血气分析PaO245mmHg，PaCO235mmHg。最可能的诊断是\nA. 急性肺栓塞\nB. 心脏压塞\nC. 急性心肌梗死\nD. 主动脉夹层"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_627",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，60岁，间断水肿3年，加重1个月，气短、尿少2天。既往糖尿病病史2年。查体：血压150/90mmHg，移动性浊音阳性，下肢明显水肿。辅助检查：尿蛋白(++++)，红细胞0-2/HP，血浆白蛋白20g/L。该患者最主要的治疗药物是\nA. 糖皮质激素\nB. 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂\nC. 利尿剂\nD. 胰岛素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_628",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列选项中，属于医生义务的是\nA. 保障自身安全\nB. 使用医疗设备\nC. 妥善保管病历\nD. 开展科学研究"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_629",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列情况中，腹膜刺激征最轻的是\nA. 急性重症胰腺炎\nB. 脾破裂\nC. 急性胆囊炎\nD. 消化道穿孔"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_630",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男，80岁，摔倒后致右髋部疼痛2天，平素体健。X线检查见右股骨颈头下型骨折，有移位。最合适的治疗方法是\nA. 切开复位内固定\nB. 皮牵引\nC. 卧床休息，穿防旋转鞋\nD. 人工股骨头置换术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_631",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列肠梗阻表现中，揭示发生肠绞窄可能性较小的是\nA. 发病急，疼痛重而持续\nB. 腹膜刺激征明显，有休克表现\nC. 呕吐物为血性液体\nD. 有多次腹部手术史，反复发作腹痛"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_632",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，50 岁。1 个月来有过 2 次无痛性血尿，近日觉阴囊坠胀感，卧位坠胀无减轻，体检发现右侧阴囊内精索静脉曲张。最可能的诊断是\nA. 肾结石\nB. 肾癌\nC. 原发性精索静脉曲张\nD. 膀胱肿瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_633",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，36岁。支气管哮喘30年，再发咳嗽伴喘息3天，吸入沙丁胺醇症状稍改善，1天来喘息加重。查体：R32次/分，端坐呼吸，大汗，语不成句，口唇发绀，双肺呼吸音低，可闻及散在哮鸣音，未闻及湿啰音，心率126次/分，有奇脉。经治疗病情不缓解，病人出现嗜睡，意识模糊，不能言语，查体：哮鸣音消失，应采取的最主要的措施是\nA. 面罩吸氧\nB. 静脉注射肾上腺素\nC. 机械通气\nD. 静脉滴注呼吸兴奋剂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_634",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，56岁，2天前突发持续上腹痛，阵发加剧，并腰背部胀痛，恶心，呕吐，急诊入院。既往有胆囊结石病史3年，查体：T36.9℃，P104次每分，R20次每分，BP132/82mmHg，巩膜无黄染，上腹较彭隆，压痛，轻度肌紧张及反跳痛，肠鸣音弱。化验：Hb128g/L，WBC16.7×109/L，血淀粉酶786U/L，尿淀粉酶1600U/L.为明确诊断，最有效的检查方法是\nA. 腹部X线片\nB. 腹部CT\nC. ERCP\nD. 腹部B超"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_635",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肝炎后肝硬化病人，有黄疸和大量腹水，因大量呕血入院。下列治疗措施中，不宜采取的是\nA. 输血，静脉滴注垂体加压素\nB. 曲张静脉套扎、硬化\nC. 立即手术\nD. 三腔管压迫"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_636",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，25岁，突发上腹剧痛6小时，既往“胃病史”。查体:P110次/分，BP:130/80mmHg，全腹压痛，上腹部为著，板样腹，肠鸣音减弱。实验室检查:Hb120g/L，WBC10.5×10⁹/L。最有价值的检查是\nA. 腹部立位腹平片\nB. 腹部CT\nC. 腹部B超\nD. 腹腔穿刺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_637",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，73 岁。因肠梗阻 4 天手术探查，术中发现直肠、乙状结肠交接部直径约 3cm 肿瘤，尚可活动，近段结肠扩张、水肿。合理手术方式是\nA. 横结肠造口术\nB. Dixon手术\nC. Hartman 手术\nD. Miles 手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_638",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，32岁。发现持续性高血压3年，BP150-160/90-100mmHg，常因情绪激动或体位改变诱发血压升高，最高210/110mmHg，伴头痛、心悸、出汗。口服多种降压药疗效不佳。查体：T36.7℃，P90次/分，BP158/95mmHg，甲状腺(-)，双肺(-)，心界不大，心律不整，可闻及期前收缩5-6次/分，心尖部S1增强，腹部未闻及血管杂音，双下肢不肿。患者因疾病而明显烦躁、焦虑，测血压200/108mmHg，心率108次/分，应首选的治疗药物为\nA. 醛固酮受体拮抗剂\nB. β受体拮抗剂\nC. α受体拮抗剂\nD. 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_639",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，75岁，1周前因胆囊多发小结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术，近2天发现巩膜黄染，患者出现黄疸最可能的原因是\nA. 胆囊内结石落入胆管\nB. 胆管水肿狭窄\nC. 术中损伤胆总管\nD. 甲型肝炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_640",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，40岁。因呕血、黑便2天入院。既往乙型肝炎病史10年。查体：神志清，贫血貌，肝肋下未触及，脾肋下3Cm，腹部无压痛，移动性浊音(+)，肠鸣音活跃。化验：血Hb80g／L，血白蛋白20g／L，血总胆红素76μmol／L。应首先考虑的诊断是\nA. 胆管结石\nB. 十二指肠溃疡\nC. 门静脉高压症\nD. 胃癌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_641",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，29岁。高处坠落2小时，主诉胸背部疼痛，双下肢不能活动。根据患者情况，最有可能的情况是\nA. 脊柱损伤并脊髓损伤\nB. 脊柱损伤并骨盆骨折\nC. 脊柱损伤并双下肢骨折\nD. 胸部损伤合并骨盆骨折"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_642",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，49 岁。右肩痛，右上肢上举、外展受限 8 个月，无肩周红、肿、热等表现，疼痛可向右侧颈、耳、前臂及手放射。X 线示：右肩关节间隙变窄，软骨下骨囊性变，关节边缘骨质增生。最可能的诊断是\nA. 类风湿关节炎\nB. 粘连性肩关节囊炎\nC. 肩袖损伤\nD. 肩关节骨关节炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_643",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁，3个月来低热、盗汗、消瘦，1个月来劳累后气短。查体：T37.6度，右下肺触觉震颤减弱，叩诊呈浊音，呼吸音消失。心尖搏动向左移位，心音正常，心率98次/分，律整，无杂音，超声示右侧胸腔中等量积液。入院后最主要的诊断措施是\nA. 血肿瘤标志物\nB. 胸腔穿刺抽液检查\nC. 胸部CT检查\nD. PPD试验"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_644",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "系统性硬化症最主要的临床表现是\nA. Gottron征\nB. 鞍鼻\nC. 跖趾关节痛\nD. 雷诺现象"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_645",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，60岁。右下肢内侧静脉迂曲10年，伴酸胀。查体：Pratt实验阳性，其临床意义\nA. 下肢深静脉血栓形成\nB. 原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全\nC. 隐-股静脉瓣功能不全\nD. 交通支瓣膜功能不全"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_646",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于术前准备的叙述中，错误的是\nA. 肾功能重度损害者，在有效的透析疗法处理下，可耐受手术\nB. 高血压患者应继续服用降压药物，避免戒断综合征\nC. 糖尿病病人术前须将血糖控制到正常才能手术\nD. 确有凝血障碍者，择期手术前应作相应治疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_647",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，46岁。左耳后有圆形肿物3年，直径1cm，肿物表面可见一小黑点，基底活动，无压痛，曾有红肿史。应诊断的疾病是\nA. 皮样囊肿\nB. 血管瘤\nC. 淋巴结炎\nD. 皮脂腺囊肿"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_648",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对有心脑血管疾病的患者，下列术前准备错误的是\nA. 心肌梗死发病后2个月安排择期手术\nB. 脑卒中患者择期手术至少推迟2周\nC. 高血压患者术前继续服药\nD. 不要求血压降至正常后手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_649",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，45岁，因甲状腺癌行左叶甲状腺全切术，术后出现饮水时呛咳，发音无改变。最可能的原因是\nA. 喉上神经内支损伤\nB. 喉上神经外支损伤\nC. 交感神经损伤\nD. 喉返神经损伤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_650",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，23岁。接触花粉后突发喘憋半小时，家人送至急诊。既往体健。查体：意识模糊，双肺呼吸音明显减低，心率135次／分，律齐。鼻导管吸氧5L／min的情况下查动脉血气分析示pH7.10，PaCO292mmHg，PaO265mmHg，下一步治疗措施错误的是\nA. 静脉应用糖皮质激素\nB. 静脉应用大剂量利尿剂\nC. 气管插管机械通气\nD. 雾化吸入支气管扩张剂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_651",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，56岁。三年来进行性加重劳累后心悸、气短，多次出现夜间睡眠中呼吸困难，需坐起后缓解。半年来感腹胀、食欲下降、尿少、下肢水肿。既往无高血压、糖尿病、高血脂症。查体：P88次/分，BP130/70mmHg，半卧位，颈静脉怒张，双肺底可闻及湿啰音，心前区搏动弥散，心界向两侧扩大，心率110次/分，心律不整，心音强弱不等，P2＞A2，心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期吹风样杂音，肝肋下2.0cm，肝颈静脉反流征(+)，下肢水肿(++)。为明确诊断，最有价值的检查是\nA. 动态心电图\nB. 胸部X线片\nC. 超声心动图\nD. 冠状动脉CT"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_652",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，16岁。6个月来左小腿上段肿胀疼痛，近1个月来肿胀明显，以夜间痛为著。查体:左小腿上段肿胀，浅静脉怒张，压痛明显，触及一直径约6cm左右肿块，质硬，固定，边界不清。X线检查示，左胫骨上端呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏，骨膜反应明显，可见Codman三角。最适合的治疗方法\nA. 肿瘤刮除，骨水泥填充\nB. 病灶切除，前后化疗\nC. 单纯化疗\nD. 抗生素治疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_653",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "主动脉瓣狭窄患者的脉搏特点是\nA. 细迟脉\nB. 水冲脉\nC. 交替脉\nD. 短绌脉"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_654",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，32岁。间断吞咽困难伴呕吐10年。上消化道造影提示食管明显扩张，蠕动减弱，食管末端呈“鸟嘴”样狭窄，狭窄部黏膜尚光滑。宜采用的手术方式是\nA. 食管大部切除，胃代食管术\nB. 食管下段、贲门部肌层切开术\nC. 腹腔镜胃底折叠术\nD. 食管下段+近端胃切除术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_655",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60岁。自述1年半前因直肠肿瘤在外院手术治疗，具体术式不清。检查见左下腹部旁正中12cm腹直肌切口瘢痕，其外侧有一肠造口，肛门已不存在。推测患者所做的手术方式应是\nA. 乙状结肠造瘘\nB. Dixon术\nC. Hartmann术\nD. Miles术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_656",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，55岁。上腹部被汽车撞伤2小时，剧烈腹痛，伴恶心呕吐，神志淡漠。查体：P135次/分，BP75/45mmHg，全腹有压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张，移动性浊音可疑阳性，肠鸣音减弱。最可能的诊断是\nA. 胃穿孔\nB. 小肠破裂\nC. 腹膜后血肿\nD. 肝脾破裂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_657",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，43岁，术前送给主刀医生一个红包，医生再三拒收无果，患者表示若医生不收下，自己就没有信心上手术台。此时医生的最佳做法是\nA. 暂收红包并上交，待术后归还患者\nB. 医生在不得已时，将红包收为己有\nC. 收下红包，作为科室公共活动基金\nD. 患者坚持送红包，医生则拒绝手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_658",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，32岁。9个月因先天性胆总管囊肿行囊肿切除、胆肠Roux-Y吻合术，术中曾输血400ml。2个月来易“感冒”，自服抗生素好转，近一周出现发热、寒战，最高体温达39℃。查体：P123次/分，R22次/分，BP102/80mmHg，巩膜黄染，双肺呼吸音粗，上腹轻压痛。化验：WBC18×109/L，中性粒细胞89%，TBil121mmol/L，DBil86mmol/L，ALT203U/L。采取什么治疗措施\nA. 胆囊切除\nB. PTCD\nC. 应用大量抗生素\nD. ERCP穿刺引流"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_659",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，37岁。因左叶甲状腺乳头状癌行甲状腺左叶全切、峡部及右叶大部切除术。术后第一天发生呼吸急促，口周麻木，手足持续性痉挛。首选处理措施\nA. 拆除颈部伤口缝线\nB. 气管切开\nC. 检查引流管\nD. 静脉注射钙剂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_660",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肺纤维化病人，1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）/用力肺活量（FVC）的检查结果是\nA. FEV1和FVC均增大，FEV1/FVC基本不变\nB. FEV1和FVC均减小，FEV1/FVC基本不变\nC. FEV1减少，FVC基本不变，FEV1/FVC减小\nD. FEV1基本不变，FVC减小，FEV1/FVC增大"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_661",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列有关肿瘤生长特点的叙述，错误的有\nA. 异型性大的恶性肿瘤生长较快\nB. 多数恶性肿瘤细胞的倍增时间比正常细胞快\nC. 肿瘤细胞生成与死亡比例与其持续生长有关\nD. 生长分数高的肿瘤对于化学治疗敏感"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_662",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男，20岁，夜间骑自行车时头朝下跌于深沟，X线示枢椎齿状突骨折，Ⅲ型。该患者首选的治疗是\nA. 手术内固定\nB. Halo架固定6-8周\nC. Halo架固定12周\nD. 颅骨牵引4周"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_663",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，29岁。因右侧甲状腺结节手术，术中见甲状腺右叶多个囊实性结节，颈部无肿大淋巴结，行右叶全切除术。术后病理报告提示，甲状腺内有5mm乳头状癌灶。进一步的处理应是\nA. 口服甲状腺素\nB. 甲状腺全切及颈淋巴结清扫术\nC. 峡部及左叶部分切除术\nD. 甲状腺近全切除术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_664",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，28 岁。体检发现胆囊多发结石，最大直径 0.6cm，无症状。应采取的处理措施是\nA. 胆囊切除术\nB. 口服药物溶石\nC. 胆囊切开取石术\nD. 随访观察"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_665",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，22岁，5年前发现心脏杂音，2个月来乏力、头晕、食欲下降，四肢关节疼痛。1周来活动后气短，夜间反复憋醒而来院就诊。查体：T37．8℃，P96次/分，BP120/60mmHg，睑结膜苍白，可见小出血点，右肺底少许小水泡音，心尖部S1减弱，肝脾肋下均可及，下肢不肿。实验室检查：Hb84g/L，WBC12.1×109/L，血沉38mm/第1小时末，尿常规红细胞2-4/HP。对该患者确诊意义最大的检查是\nA. 心电图\nB. 胸部CT检查\nC. 血培养\nD. 超声心动图"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_666",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，66岁。半年来劳累后心悸、气短，1周来发热、咳嗽、心悸，气短症状明显加重，夜间不能平卧，尿少，下肢水肿。既往有高血压、心脏扩大病史。查体：T38.1℃，P88次／分，R18次／分，BP110／70mmHg。半卧位，颈静脉充盈，双肺均可闻及湿啰音，心界向左扩大，心率118次／分，心律绝对不整，心尖部可闻及3／6级收缩期吹风样杂音，双下肢凹陷性水肿(++)。超声心动图显示左房、左室扩大，左室壁弥漫性运动障碍，LVEF40％。该患者目前最主要的诊断是\nA. 瓣膜性心脏病\nB. 原发性高血压\nC. 扩张型心肌病\nD. 冠心病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_667",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，68岁，寒战高热1天，伴右侧胸痛，咳嗽，咳黄脓痰，量多。查体：R24次/分，口唇发绀，右肺叩浊，呼吸音减低，散在湿啰音。X线检查：右下肺实变影，其间有不规则透亮区，叶间隙下坠，伴少量胸腔积液。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 克雷伯杆菌肺炎\nB. 铜绿假单胞菌肺炎\nC. 肺炎链球菌肺炎\nD. 金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_668",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，36岁，因头晕头痛来医院。BP200/180mmHg，医生经诊疗和慎重考虑后，予留院观察，患者执意回家。从伦理学角度看\nA. 尊重患者的选择，但告知患者需承担离院后果\nB. 尊重患者自主权，但应尽力劝患者住院治疗\nC. 充分向其说明原因，若无效后使用干涉权\nD. 强行要求患者留院"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_669",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，30岁。晨起跑步时突然昏倒2小时入院。1周前因骑车摔倒撞击左下胸壁。曾卧床休息3天。查体：P120次／分，R30次／分，BP80／60mmHg，神清，面色苍白，左下胸可见皮下瘀斑。全腹轻度压痛及肌紧张，移动性浊音阳性，肠鸣音消失。最可能的诊断是\nA. 肠系膜撕裂\nB. 胰腺破裂\nC. 肝破裂\nD. 脾破裂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_670",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，25岁，半个月来怕热，心悸，多汗，体重下降6kg。查体：血压120/65mmHg，无突眼，甲状腺轻度弥漫性肿大，可闻及血管杂音，心率120次/分，律齐。若患者未愈而发生早孕，最佳的治疗方法是\nA. 口服丙硫氧嘧啶\nB. 甲状腺手术\nC. 131I治疗\nD. 口服甲巯咪唑"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_671",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，55 岁。腰痛 3 个月。查体：L4、5 水平棘突间压痛。双下肢无畸形，肌力正常，双侧膝反射正常，跟腱反射未引出；双下肢肢体深浅感觉对称、正常，鞍区痛、触觉减退。为明确诊断，应首选的检查是\nA. MRI\nB. 肌电图\nC. 脊髓造影\nD. X线片"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_672",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，65岁。上腹部不适、食欲不振2个月，体重下降。近20天来出现皮肤、巩膜黄染并进行性加重。粪便色灰白，尿色黄。查体：肝、脾未触及，深呼吸时，于右肋缘下可触及半球状肿物，墨菲征(-)，化验血：TBil230μmol／L，DBil186μmol／L。最可能的诊断是\nA. 胆总管结石\nB. 胰头癌\nC. 肝癌\nD. 慢性肝炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_673",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男，50岁。术后粘连性肠梗阻3天，加重1天。查体：可见肠型，右下腹局限性压痛。多次立位腹部X线片见固定的肿大肠袢。该患者应\nA. 使用吗啡止痛\nB. 补液，密切观察病情变化\nC. 在出现弥漫性腹膜炎后立即手术\nD. 剖腹探查"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_674",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，28岁。半小时前在山区修建公路时突发上腹部剧痛，持续并加重，近一年来常有空腹上腹痛。此时工地医生做体格检查，对该患者病因诊断最有价值的体征是\nA. 上腹部明显压痛\nB. 肝浊音界消失\nC. 心率加快106次／分\nD. 肠鸣音减弱"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_675",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，32岁。饮酒后中上腹持续性疼痛6小时，并逐渐加剧，向肩、背部放射，伴恶心、呕吐。查体：P118次/分，BP90/75mmHg，急性面容，表情痛苦，全腹压痛，尤以中上腹为著，轻度肌紧张和反跳痛，肝区未触及肿块。外周血WBC15×109/L，中性粒细胞81%。最可能的诊断是\nA. 急性胰腺炎\nB. 溃疡病穿孔\nC. 急性肠扭转\nD. 急性绞窄性肠梗阻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_676",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，56岁。劳累后发热1周，体温最高39.5℃，伴多汗、纳差，体重下降2公斤，同时出现右侧季肋部疼痛，疼痛较剧烈，夜间无法安睡，于外院输注哌拉西林／他唑巴坦3天无效收入院。既往史：类风湿关节炎20年，平素每日服用来氟米特及强的松治疗，病情稳定。入院时胸片显示右侧胸腔积液。胸腔穿刺化验结果：胸水比重1.038，白细胞16800×106／L，多核细胞80％，单核细胞20％，LDH3367U／L，ADA116U／L。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 类风湿相关胸腔积液\nB. 恶性胸腔积液\nC. 脓胸\nD. 结核性胸膜炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_677",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，17岁。半小时前因跳马比赛不慎颈部受伤，初步检查：患者可主动作肩前屈、肘屈运动，但不能主动作肘伸运动，双下肢软瘫。该患者损伤部位最可能是位于\nA. 颈6、7\nB. 颈3、4\nC. 颈4、5\nD. 颈5、6"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_678",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血液中胰岛素样生长因子-1水平明显升高，常提示的疾病是\nA. 糖尿病\nB. 侏儒症\nC. 呆小症\nD. 肢端肥大症"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_679",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "初诊为血栓闭塞性脉管炎的患者，最重要的医嘱是\nA. 使用止痛药\nB. 卧床休息\nC. 立即戒烟\nD. 注意保暖"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_680",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者误输异型血后无尿 2 天，无休克，此时最有效的治疗是\nA. 输注甘露醇\nB. 血液透析\nC. 静注大量速尿\nD. 注射地塞米松"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_681",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，32岁。9个月因先天性胆总管囊肿行囊肿切除、胆肠Roux-Y吻合术，术中曾输血400ml。2个月来易“感冒”，自服抗生素好转，近一周出现发热、寒战，最高体温达39℃。查体：P123次/分，R22次/分，BP102/80mmHg，，巩膜黄染，双肺呼吸音粗，上腹轻压痛。化验：WBC18×109/L，中性粒细胞89%，TBil121mmol/L，DBil86mmol/L，ALT203U/L。此病症的根本原因最可能是\nA. 体质虚弱易感染\nB. 肝门部胆管癌\nC. 胆肠吻合口狭窄\nD. 术中输血感染肝炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_682",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁，3个月来低热、盗汗、消瘦，1个月来劳累后气短。查体：T37.6度，右下肺触觉震颤减弱，叩诊呈浊音，呼吸音消失。心尖搏动向左移位，心音正常，心率98次/分，律整，无杂音，超声示右侧胸腔中等量积液。该患者还可能出现的体征是\nA. 双侧胸廓肋间隙变窄\nB. 气管向左移位\nC. 右上肺可闻及管状呼吸音\nD. 右侧肺底下移"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_683",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，25岁，头晕、乏力半年，门诊诊断为缺铁性贫血。当时化验Hb78g/L，RBC3.5×1012/L，网织红细胞1.5%，门诊给予口服琥珀酸亚铁0.1g，tid。1周后门诊复查：网织红细胞4%，但Hb和RBC未上升，最可能的原因是\nA. 服药时间短\nB. 药物吸收不良\nC. 患者尚有其它疾病\nD. 未按时服药"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_684",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60岁。左手麻木半年，双下肢乏力，行走不稳3个月。查体:左上肢桡骨膜反射减弱，左手拇指针刺觉减退，双下肢腱反射亢进，双侧Babinski征（+）。初步诊断为颈椎病。患者最终确诊颈椎单一节段椎间盘突出，相应平面颈椎管狭窄，颈脊髓变性，不宜采取的治疗是\nA. 按摩治疗\nB. 颈椎前路手术\nC. 颈椎前后路联合手术\nD. 颈椎后路手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_685",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者女性，45岁，B超查体发现多个胆囊结石。最大直径1.2cm。胆囊壁光滑，不厚，患者无明显症状，患者要求保留胆囊，应该怎么处理\nA. 体外碎石术\nB. 保留胆囊取石\nC. 药物碎石\nD. 观察"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_686",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，23岁，妊娠27周。因呼吸衰竭需要行剖宫产挽救患者生命。患者指定其家属做医疗决定。家属因对手术方案不理解拒绝签字。因其他抢救方案无效，患者和胎儿双双死亡，从医学伦理的角度看，以下说法中正确的是\nA. 医务人员不实施手术并不违法，符合伦理\nB. 抢救患者生命是医生的首要考虑\nC. 医务人员应尊重患者的自主决定权\nD. 医务人员履行了知情同意程序，医务人员就能免责"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_687",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "骨巨细胞瘤的常见 X 线表现是\nA. “溶冰征”\nB. “葱皮状”的现象\nC. “日光射线”形态\nD. “肥皂泡”样改变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_688",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，32岁。发现持续性高血压3年，BP150-160/90-100mmHg，常因情绪激动或体位改变诱发血压升高，最高210/110mmHg，伴头痛、心悸、出汗。口服多种降压药疗效不佳。查体：T36.7℃，P90次/分，BP158/95mmHg，甲状腺(-)，双肺(-)，心界不大，心律不整，可闻及期前收缩5-6次/分，心尖部S1增强，腹部未闻及血管杂音，双下肢不肿。为明确诊断，最有价值的检查是\nA. 头颅MRI\nB. 血电解质和肾素\nC. 肾及肾上腺CT\nD. 肾动脉造影"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_689",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男，28岁，足底铁钉刺伤后两天，乏力，张口困难，继之苦笑面容，角张反弓，声响了诱发上述症状，神志清，无发热。引起该患者症状的致病菌为\nA. 产气荚膜杆菌\nB. 厌氧芽孢杆菌\nC. 变形杆菌\nD. 大肠埃希菌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_690",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，46岁。因活动后出现心前区疼痛2个月，每次自含硝酸甘油无效来诊。既往有高血压病、关节炎史。查体：P80次／分，BP150／65mmHg，BMI35kg／m2，甲状腺无肿大，双肺(-)，心界向左扩大，心律整，心尖部S1减弱，可闻及舒张早中期隆隆样杂音，胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及舒张期叹气样杂音，双下肢水肿(±)。导致该患者心前区疼痛的最主要病因是\nA. 主动脉瓣关闭不全\nB. 二尖瓣狭窄伴肺动脉瓣关闭不全\nC. 肥厚性梗阻型心肌病\nD. 冠心病，高血压病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_691",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一例甲状腺肿瘤，呈浸润性生长，镜下可见癌细胞呈滤泡状排列，细胞核呈毛玻璃状，核重叠，核沟明显。应诊断为\nA. 未分化癌\nB. 滤泡状癌\nC. 乳头状癌\nD. 髓样癌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_692",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，48 岁。左腕部玻璃切割伤。表现为左腕部掌侧斜行切口，深达肌层，左手呈爪手畸形，拇指对掌功能丧失，手指浅感觉丧失。其损伤的神经是\nA. 桡神经及正中神经\nB. 尺神经及正中神经\nC. 正中神经\nD. 尺神经及桡神经"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_693",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男，58岁，进食后突发上腹部刀割样剧痛2小时。全腹压痛，板状腹，肝浊音界及肠鸣音消失。X线示膈下新月形游离气体。既往胃溃疡病史25年。最佳的治疗是\nA. 禁食补液\nB. 高选择性迷走神经切断术\nC. 胃大部切除术\nD. 修补缝合术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_694",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，30岁，腰背痛伴低热、盗汗1个月，既往有肺结核病史，体格检查发现胸11-12棘突明显压痛。最可能的诊断是\nA. 脊柱结核\nB. 强直性脊柱炎\nC. 脊柱肿瘤\nD. 化脓性脊柱炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_695",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，女，30 岁。甲亢行甲状腺次全切除术。返回病房 2 小时后感气憋，心闷，急查见患者面色发白，呼吸急促，30 次/分，血压 136/90mmHg，脉率 120 次/分，伤口部饱满，张力高。该患者最可能发生的并发症是\nA. 创面出血压迫气管\nB. 喉上神经损伤\nC. 喉返神经损伤\nD. 甲状旁腺损伤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_696",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "革兰阴性杆菌败血症的临床特点是\nA. 易并发心肌炎\nB. 热型为稽留热或驰张热\nC. 感染性休克发生早、持续时间长\nD. 常见可转移性脓肿"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_697",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，45岁。反复剑突下疼痛3年，呕吐10天，呕吐物有隔夜宿食。该患者最易发生的酸碱平衡失调是\nA. 代谢性酸中毒\nB. 代谢性碱中毒\nC. 呼吸性酸中毒\nD. 呼吸性碱中毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_698",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，16岁。6个月来左小腿上段肿胀疼痛，近1个月来肿胀明显，以夜间痛为著。查体:左小腿上段肿胀，浅静脉怒张，压痛明显，触及一直径约6cm左右肿块，质硬，固定，边界不清。X线检查示，左胫骨上端呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏，骨膜反应明显，可见Codman三角。在手术治疗前，必须要进行的检查是\nA. 胸部X线摄片\nB. 头颅CT\nC. 腹股沟淋巴结活检\nD. 肿块穿刺物细菌培养"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_699",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60岁。左手麻木半年，双下肢乏力，行走不稳3个月。查体:左上肢桡骨膜反射减弱，左手拇指针刺觉减退，双下肢腱反射亢进，双侧Babinski征（+）。初步诊断为颈椎病。颈椎病变的平面最可能位于\nA. 颈5-6\nB. 颈7-胸1\nC. 颈6-7\nD. 颈4-5"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_700",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁，反复水肿伴血压高5年，近半年夜尿增多，有时牙龈出血，口渴，气促，面色逐渐苍白。曾化验血红蛋白65g/L。1天前多次稀便后逐渐神志不清。2年前患急性甲型肝炎，已痊愈。为明确患者的昏迷原因，除全面的体格检查外，首选的检查是\nA. 骨髓穿刺\nB. 血糖\nC. 肝功能和血氨\nD. 血肌酐"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_701",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，47岁，腹胀、纳差半年，6小时前突发呕血来诊。既往HBsAg(+)。查体：P125次/分，BP70/50mmHg，巩膜轻度黄染，肝脾肋下未触及，移动性浊音(+)，下肢可凹性水肿。引起该患者呕血的最可能病因是\nA. 肝硬化\nB. 消化性溃疡\nC. 胃食管反流病\nD. 胃癌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_702",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，62岁，脓血便3个月，结肠镜检距肛门处7cm可见直肠肿瘤，直径约2cm，活检示直肠癌，合理的手术方式是:\nA. Miles术\nB. Dixon术\nC. Hartman术\nD. York-Mason术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_703",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，30岁。多食、易饥、心悸、多汗伴大便次数增多3个月，体重下降7kg。查体：皮肤湿润，弥漫性甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大。心率120次／分，律不齐，早搏3～4次／分。实验室检查：TgAb(-)，TPOAb(-)，TRAb(+)；肝功能和血常规均正常。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 结节性毒性甲状腺肿\nB. 桥本甲状腺炎\nC. 亚急性甲状腺炎\nD. Graves病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_704",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "由于医患双方拥有知识上的不平等，患者处于相对弱势地位，患者将健康和生命托付给医务人员，所以医务人员必须全心全意去为患者诊治，这种医患关系称为\nA. 依附关系\nB. 信托关系\nC. 契约关系\nD. 权利与义务关系"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_705",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者出现剧烈阵发性腹痛，约数分钟一次，无排气。查体：腹部膨隆，压痛(+)，可见肠型及蠕动波，肠鸣音亢进金属音调，最可能的诊断是\nA. 麻痹性肠梗阻\nB. 痉挛性肠梗阻\nC. 血管性肠梗阻\nD. 机械性肠梗阻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_706",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，55岁，乙肝病史15年，CT提示右肝直径8cm肿物，靠近第一肝门，Child分级C级，AFP890ng/ml，考虑肝癌。经过3个月的治疗，肿瘤缩小至5×6cm，肝功能好转，无远处转移，此时最适合的治疗是：\nA. 介入治疗\nB. 化疗\nC. 手术治疗\nD. 消融治疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_707",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，25岁，突发上腹剧痛6小时，既往“胃病史”。查体:P110次/分，BP:130/80mmHg，全腹压痛，上腹部为著，板样腹，肠鸣音减弱。实验室检查:Hb120g/L，WBC10.5×10⁹/L。最有效的的治疗方法\nA. 镇静镇痛治疗\nB. 手术探查\nC. 胃肠减压，补液\nD. 大量抗生素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_708",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "继发性颗粒性固缩肾常见于\nA. 慢性肾盂肾炎\nB. 急进型高血压\nC. 慢性肾小球肾炎\nD. 缓进型高血压"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_709",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，28岁。足底被铁钉刺伤2天，出现乏力，张口困难，继之出现苦笑面容，角弓反张，声响可诱发上述症状，神志清楚，无发热。治疗中不需要使用的药物是\nA. 丙种球蛋白\nB. TAT\nC. 甲硝唑\nD. 青霉素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_710",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，55岁。因腹痛1个月来诊。肠镜发现乙状结肠肿物，病理提示中分化腺癌。腹部CT提示乙状结肠肿物，5cm×4cm大小，侵及浆膜，肝左外叶可见直径2cm转移灶，腹腔内未见肿大淋巴结。首选的治疗措施是\nA. 结肠癌根治术\nB. 结肠癌根治联合肝左外叶切除术\nC. 全身化疗\nD. 局部放疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_711",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，13 岁。1 年前无意中发现双肩背部不等高，后逐渐明显。X 线显示胸椎侧凸畸形，Cobb 角 25 度，临床诊断为特发性脊柱侧凸。对该患者的最佳治疗方案是\nA. 牵引按摩治疗，每月随诊一次\nB. 改变坐姿\nC. 佩戴支具，每半年随诊一次\nD. 立即手术治疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_712",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁，4小时前感上腹部胀痛，伴恶心，呕吐一次为胃内容物，1小时来右侧腹痛，有便意，未排便，临床拟诊为急性阑尾炎。对确诊最有价值的是\nA. 发热和血白细胞升高\nB. McBurney点压痛\nC. Rovsing征\nD. 腰大肌试验阳性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_713",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，28岁，右髋关节疼痛伴肿物3个月，低热、咳嗽1个月。查体：右髋关节呈屈曲畸形，可触及一直径约5cm左右的肿物，屈伸活动受限，Thomas征（+），血沉58mm/h。X线：右髋关节间隙变窄，关节面有虫蚀样骨质破坏，右髋臼有约2cm大小的空洞。最可能的诊断是\nA. 髋关节骨关节炎\nB. 髋关节化脓性关节炎\nC. 全髋关节结核\nD. 肺癌骨转移"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_714",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "炎症引起局部疼痛的主要原因是\nA. 渗出物压迫及炎症介质刺激\nB. 局部组织变性及坏死\nC. 局部充血及血流量增多\nD. 细胞增生压迫神经末梢"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_715",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，45岁。因甲状腺癌行左叶甲状腺全切术。术后出现饮水呛咳，但发音正常。首先考虑的原因是\nA. 喉上神经外支损伤\nB. 喉返神经损伤\nC. 喉上神经内支损伤\nD. 交感神经损伤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_716",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，22 岁。无诱因突发右下腹部剧烈疼痛，向腰骶及会阴部放射，伴头晕、恶心、出大汗、欲排大便感，未作任何处理来院急诊。在询问病史中，对明确腹痛病因价值最大的是\nA. 转移性腹痛史\nB. 泌尿系结石史\nC. 不洁饮食史\nD. 婚姻月经史"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_717",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，25岁，1周来无明显诱因发热、双膝关节疼痛伴皮肤出血点，自测体温最高38.8℃，无寒战。既往体健。查体：T38.1℃，四肢皮肤可见出血点，口腔黏膜见两处溃疡。心、肺、腹无明显异常。化验血：Hb102g/L，WBC5.2×109/L，Plt24×109/L，网织红细胞4.9%，尿蛋白(++)。该患者最可能的诊断为\nA. 系统性硬化症\nB. 系统性红斑狼疮\nC. 贝赫切特病\nD. 类风湿性关节炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_718",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60岁。高血压病20余年，血压最高190／100mmHg，无自觉不适，未规律治疗。来院健康体检：P62次／分，BP180／90mmHg，心肺(-)。化验：尿蛋白(+)，血TC6.4mmol／L，HDL-C0.98mmol／L，LDL-C4.96mmol／L，Glu8.6mmol／L，Cr122μmol／L，UA365μmol／L。该患者应首选的降压药物是\nA. 氨氯地平\nB. 培哚普利\nC. 比索洛尔\nD. 吲达帕胺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_719",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在皮肤创伤愈合过程中，引起伤口收缩的是\nA. 伤口边缘新生的平滑肌细胞\nB. 肉芽组织中某些成纤维细胞\nC. 肉芽组织中的内皮细胞和巨噬细胞\nD. 肉芽组织中成纤维细胞分泌的胶原"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_720",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，30岁。发现颈部包块2年，包块逐渐增大，无甲亢表现，目前有憋闷感。查体：右侧甲状腺可触及4cm×3cm包块，光滑，质韧，随吞咽上下移动，无压痛，未触及肿大淋巴结。核素扫描：甲状腺右叶温结节。建议患者手术治疗最主要的依据是\nA. 可能继发甲亢\nB. 有压迫症状\nC. 易发生继发感染\nD. 包块可能发生破裂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_721",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "妊娠 36 周的阑尾炎如何治疗\nA. 中药治疗\nB. 尽早手术\nC. 抗生素治疗\nD. 保守治疗无效再手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_722",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "诊断肺结核的常规首选方法是\nA. 痰培养\nB. 胸部X线\nC. γ-干扰素释放试验\nD. 结核菌素试验"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_723",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，45岁。两侧颈部淋巴结无痛肿大1个月，无原因发热3天入院，既往体健。查体：T38.5℃，双颈部各触及2个肿大淋巴结，最大者为2.5×1.5cm，左腹股沟可触及1个1.5×1cm淋巴结，均活动无压痛，巩膜无黄染，心肺检查未见异常，肝肋下0.5cm，脾肋下1cm。化验Hb115g/L，WBC8.2×109/L，Plt149×109/L，颈部淋巴结活检示弥漫性小-中等大小细胞浸润，细胞免疫表型：CD5(+)，CD20(+)，CyclinD1(+)。其可能的染色体异常是\nA. t(11;14)\nB. t(11;18)\nC. t(14;18)\nD. t(8;14)"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_724",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，56岁。三年来进行性加重劳累后心悸、气短，多次出现夜间睡眠中呼吸困难，需坐起后缓解。半年来感腹胀、食欲下降、尿少、下肢水肿。既往无高血压、糖尿病、高血脂症。查体：P88次/分，BP130/70mmHg，半卧位，颈静脉怒张，双肺底可闻及湿啰音，心前区搏动弥散，心界向两侧扩大，心率110次/分，心律不整，心音强弱不等，P2＞A2，心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期吹风样杂音，肝肋下2.0cm，肝颈静脉反流征(+)，下肢水肿(++)。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 心包积液\nB. 心瓣膜病\nC. 冠状动脉性心脏病\nD. 扩张型心肌病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_725",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，82岁，粪便带血及脓液1月。1周前结肠镜发现距肛缘15cm处环周肿物，镜身不能进入，取活检。病例报告：中分化腺癌。3天前腹胀、腹痛，停止排便排气，诊断肠梗阻。应选择的手术方式是\nA. Dixon术\nB. Hartmann术\nC. Mile术\nD. Park术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_726",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "临床诊断急性链球菌感染后性肾小球肾炎的关键指标是\nA. IgA沿肾小球毛细血管壁沉积\nB. 肾功能不全\nC. 抗链球菌“O”升高\nD. 补体一过性降低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_727",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，40岁，发现甲状腺结节10年，近年来易出汗，心悸，渐感呼吸困难，查体：脉搏104次/分，血压130/70mmHg，无突眼，甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大，结节状，心电图示：窦性心律不齐。确诊的主要依据是\nA. 颈部MRI\nB. 血清T₃、T₄、TSH值\nC. 颈部CT\nD. 甲状腺B超"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_728",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，16岁。6个月来左小腿上段肿胀疼痛，近1个月来肿胀明显，以夜间痛为著。查体:左小腿上段肿胀，浅静脉怒张，压痛明显，触及一直径约6cm左右肿块，质硬，固定，边界不清。X线检查示，左胫骨上端呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏，骨膜反应明显，可见Codman三角。最可能的诊断是\nA. 左胫骨骨巨细胞瘤恶变\nB. 左胫骨软骨肉瘤\nC. 左胫骨骨肉瘤\nD. 左胫骨慢性骨髓炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_729",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，56岁，2天前突发持续上腹痛，阵发加剧，并腰背部胀痛，恶心，呕吐，急诊入院。既往有胆囊结石病史3年，查体：T36.9℃，P104次每分，R20次每分，BP132/82mmHg，巩膜无黄染，上腹较彭隆，压痛，轻度肌紧张及反跳痛，肠鸣音弱。化验：Hb128g/L，WBC16.7×109/L，血淀粉酶786U/L，尿淀粉酶1600U/L。诊断确定后，首选治疗措施是\nA. ERCP置管引流\nB. 急诊手术切除胆囊\nC. 保守治疗\nD. 急诊胆总管探查术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_730",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，45 岁，体重 65kg。因胆囊结石及胆总管结石行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石术，手术顺利。手术当日出入量如下：总输入液量 4500mL，出量：胃肠减压 500mL，T 管引流 450mL，腹腔引流液 50mL，尿量 2500mL。患者心、肾功能及血电解质正常，未用利尿剂。术后第一天输液总量应是\nA. 4500mL\nB. 3500mL\nC. 2000mL\nD. 1500mL"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_731",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，25 岁，火灾中烧伤，面积达 70%，准备转入 120km 以外的大医院救治。转运前最重要的处理是\nA. 建立静脉通道并输液\nB. 清创并包扎创面\nC. 注射止痛药物\nD. 准备烧伤饮料"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_732",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，80 岁。3 天来发现巩膜黄染、皮肤瘙痒，来院就诊。为了解黄疸性质，下列检查项目中最有意义的是\nA. DBil/TBil\nB. 乙肝病毒标志物\nC. AFP\nD. 转氨酶水平"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_733",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，50岁。右手中指晨起僵硬伴疼痛半年，近2周出现中指关节轻度肿胀及活动受限，活动患指可出现弹响伴明显疼痛。最可能的临床诊断是\nA. 狭窄性腱鞘炎\nB. 骨关节炎\nC. 类风湿关节炎\nD. 关节内游离体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_734",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，65 岁。右腹股沟包块 3 年，卧位可消失，12 小时前突然不能还纳，并出现右下腹痛。查体：T38℃，P100 次/分，右侧腹股沟 4×3cm 肿块，触痛明显，右下腹有压痛及肌紧张。正确的治疗措施是\nA. 急行疝修补术\nB. 切除坏死肠管、高位结扎疝囊\nC. 注射止痛剂后手法复位\nD. 切除坏死肠管后疝修补术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_735",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女，32岁。9个月因先天性胆总管囊肿行囊肿切除、胆肠Roux-Y吻合术，术中曾输血400ml。2个月来易“感冒”，自服抗生素好转，近一周出现发热、寒战，最高体温达39℃。查体：P123次/分，R22次/分，BP102/80mmHg，，巩膜黄染，双肺呼吸音粗，上腹轻压痛。化验：WBC18×109/L，中性粒细胞89%，TBil121mmol/L，Dbil86mmol/L，ALT203U/L。最可能的诊断是\nA. 上消化道穿孔\nB. 急性胰腺炎\nC. 急性重症胆管炎\nD. 急性肝炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_736",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁，3个月来间断上腹痛，有时夜间痛醒，反酸。1天前黑便1次，无呕血，但腹痛减轻，化验大便隐血呈阳性。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 胃溃疡\nB. 慢性胃炎\nC. 十二指肠溃疡\nD. 胃癌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_737",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁，5小时前重物砸伤大腿，急查血钾6.1mmol/L，心率50次/分，律不齐，应首选的静脉注射药物是\nA. 25%葡萄糖100ml+6U胰岛素\nB. 10%葡萄糖酸钙20ml\nC. 5%碳酸氢钠100ml\nD. 11.2%乳酸钠50ml"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_738",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，55 岁。因结节性甲状腺肿行双侧甲状腺次全切除术，术后病理报告，右叶甲状腺有 5mm 乳头状癌结节。对此患者进一步的处理是\nA. 终生口服甲状腺素纳\nB. 切除右叶甲状腺加颈淋巴结清扫\nC. 加用外照射治疗\nD. 手术切除剩余的右叶甲状腺"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_739",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，24岁。背重物时突然晕倒2小时入院。查体：P120次/分，R30次/分，BP80/60mmHg，神清，面色苍白，腹胀，全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛，移动性浊音阳性，肠鸣音消失，左下胸有皮肤瘀斑痕迹。1周前因车祸撞击左下胸部，曾卧床休息2天。该患者最可能的诊断为\nA. 脾破裂\nB. 腹膜后血肿\nC. 肝破裂\nD. 肠系膜血管破裂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_740",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，42岁。2个月以来进行性乏力，头晕，心悸，纳差。查体：面色苍白，心率110次/分。血常规：Hb72g/L，MCV124fl，MCH40pg，MCHC330g/L，Ret1.0%，WBC3.4×109/L，Plt85×109/L。该患者还有可能出现的体征有\nA. 肝脾肿大\nB. 皮肤瘀斑\nC. 匙状甲\nD. 牛肉样舌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_741",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患者，男，50 岁。昨日在全麻下进行右半结肠切除术，全天胃肠减压量 800ml，尿量2000ml，今晨电解质正常，今日输液的最佳方案应是\nA. 5%葡萄糖盐水 1500ml+10%葡萄糖 2500ml\nB. 5%葡萄糖盐水 1000ml+10%葡糖糖 2500ml\nC. 5%葡萄糖盐水 1500ml+10%葡萄糖 1000m\nD. 5%葡萄糖盐水 2000ml+10%葡萄糖 2800ml"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_742",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，43岁。肝外胆管结石症史3年，10小时前突然右上腹绞痛，恶心、呕吐，继而出现，寒战、高热、神志淡漠、嗜睡，查体：T：40℃，P120次每分，BP：85/60mmHg，上腹轻压痛。最可能诊断是\nA. 急性胰腺炎\nB. 急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎\nC. 急性胆囊炎\nD. 肝脓肿"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "clinical_knowledge"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_743",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在农业生产中被当作极其重要的劳动对象发挥作用，最主要的不可替代的基本生产资料是\nA. 农业生产工具\nB. 土地\nC. 劳动力\nD. 资金"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_744",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在孵化室温度为24～26°C的条件下，立体孵化器孵化鸡蛋的最适温度为\nA. 36°C\nB. 37.8°C\nC. 36.5°C\nD. 37°C"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_745",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "农业税的计税标准，按（）来进行\nA. 当年产量\nB. 三年平均产量\nC. 常年产量\nD. 去年产量"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_746",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "使用年限长，可以多次参加生产过程而不改变原有实物形态的资产属于\nA. 有形资产\nB. 流动资产\nC. 无形资产\nD. 固定资产"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_747",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "纤维作物中的麻类，如苎麻、亚麻、大麻、黄麻、红麻的产品是利用\nA. 种子表面着生的纤维\nB. 叶片的叶纤维\nC. 根的导管纤维\nD. 茎杆的韧皮纤维"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_748",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "现代化养猪生产，可使繁殖力高的母猪年提供肉猪达到多少以上\nA. 30头\nB. 20头\nC. 15头\nD. 10头"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_749",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列作物的果实为荚果的是\nA. 花生\nB. 向日葵\nC. 油菜\nD. 荞麦"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_750",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某农户种植小麦，总产量5000公斤，总成本5000元，副产品成本1000元，则小麦主产品成本每公斤为\nA. 1.10元\nB. 0.90元\nC. 0.80元\nD. 1.50元"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_751",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "细毛羊的毛被全部由哪种毛组成\nA. 无髓毛\nB. 两型毛\nC. 有髓毛\nD. 刺毛"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_752",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "只有在一个（）的市场条件下，生产要素的价格才能充分反映要素的稀缺程度，产品价格才能真正体现供求关系\nA. 完全垄断\nB. 完全竞争\nC. 竞争垄断\nD. 垄断竞争"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_753",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "畜禽采食生豆饼后出现拉稀，影响蛋白质的利用，其重要原因是生豆饼中含有\nA. 抗糖化酶\nB. 毒素\nC. 抗脂肪酶\nD. 抗胰蛋白酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_754",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某周的日均温分别为9°C、9°C、11°C、12°C、13°C、15°C、16°C，则对喜温作物(生物学零度为10°C)来说，这周的活动的积温为\nA. 67°C\nB. 18°C\nC. 85°C\nD. 17°C"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_755",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列技术中，由英国科学家F.Sanger发明的是\nA. SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳\nB. 用DNFB鉴定N-末端氨基酸\nC. 离子交换层析\nD. 多聚酶链式反应"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_756",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "稻草→牛→蚯蚓→鸡→猪→鱼是一条典型的\nA. 腐生食物链\nB. 寄生食物链\nC. 草牧食物链\nD. 混合食物链"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_757",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于铁元素生理功能的叙述，错误的是\nA. 铁可作为光系统工的组分参与光合电子传递\nB. 铁是硝酸还原酶的组分，缺铁时NO3－还原过程受阻\nC. 铁可作为细胞色素的组分参与呼吸电子传递\nD. 铁是叶绿素分子的组分，缺铁时植物会发生缺绿症状"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_758",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一般作物需水高峰期在\nA. 中期\nB. 播种出苗期\nC. 后期\nD. 前期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_759",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在砧木对接穗的影响关系中，矮化砧与乔化砧相比，一般矮化砧\nA. 使树体变矮小，枝量减少，树的寿命延长\nB. 使树体变矮小，枝量增多，树的寿命缩短\nC. 使树体变矮小，枝量减少，树的寿命缩短\nD. 使树体变高大，枝量增多，树的寿命延长"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_760",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "农产品规格差价属于\nA. 质量差价\nB. 季节差价\nC. 购销差价\nD. 地区差价"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_761",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "我国的国营农场主要分布在\nA. 司法系统\nB. 农垦系统\nC. 教育科研系统\nD. 部队系统"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_762",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "家畜的青年期指\nA. 从性成熟到开始衰老\nB. 从性成熟到体成熟\nC. 从断奶到体成熟\nD. 从断奶到性成熟"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_763",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列作物属于四碳作物的是\nA. 小麦\nB. 甘蔗\nC. 棉花\nD. 烟草"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_764",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列能促进果树插条生根的植物生长调节剂是\nA. 乙烯利\nB. 吲哚丁酸\nC. 脱落酸\nD. 多效唑"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_765",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对遗传起决定作用的是\nA. 染色体\nB. 氨基酸\nC. 去氧核糖核酸\nD. 蛋白质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_766",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "样方中种群个体分散度(S2)大于平均数(m)，这种分布格局称为\nA. 均匀型\nB. 成群型\nC. 随机型\nD. 生态型"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_767",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "农业自然资源的整体性是指\nA. 自然资源中各种资源数量上有一定比例关系\nB. 农业自然资源由多种资源组成\nC. 以上说法都不对\nD. 自然资源中各种资源是相互联系、相互制约，组成一个系统的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_768",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "沉积型循环的特点是\nA. 速度快，循环不完全\nB. 速度较慢，循环较为完全\nC. 速度较慢，循环不完全\nD. 速度快，循环比较完全"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_769",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "综观世界各国农业发展的历史与现实，农业与国民经济之间的关系大致可分为几个阶段\nA. 2个\nB. 4个\nC. 5个\nD. 3个"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_770",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "无色透明膜的特点为\nA. 透光性差，增温效果不显著\nB. 透光性好，增温效果显著\nC. 透光性差，增温效果显著\nD. 透光性好、增温效果不显著"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_771",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "产蛋鸡日粮中钙的含量一般为\nA. 3～4%\nB. 0.8～1.0%\nC. 4%以上\nD. 1～2%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_772",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "奶牛饲养标准中规定，日粮粗纤维含量最低不能低于\nA. 7%\nB. 11%\nC. 9%\nD. 13%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_773",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "动物的粪尿和垫料通过堆肥使其腐熟，其产生的（）可杀死细菌和寄生虫卵，并能提供优质的有机肥料\nA. 沼气(甲烷)\nB. 酶制剂\nC. 生物热\nD. 分解产物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_774",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列作物中，属于异花授粉的作物是\nA. 茄子\nB. 棉花\nC. 小麦\nD. 玉米"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_775",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在我国国家的农业基本建设投资主要用于\nA. 购买农机具\nB. 治理大江大河\nC. 农业科技推广\nD. 购买化肥和农药"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_776",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "种兔繁殖力最强的年龄为\nA. 3—4岁\nB. 5—6岁\nC. 1—2岁\nD. 0.5岁"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_777",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "相邻营养级之间的能量转化效率大约是\nA. 30%\nB. 1/5\nC. 1/10\nD. 1/20"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_778",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列动物中，能利用饲料中的粗纤维，但主要靠大肠中的微生物进行消化的动物是\nA. 牛和羊\nB. 家禽\nC. 猪\nD. 马和兔"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_779",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "猪妊娠期平均为\nA. 114天\nB. 285天\nC. 300天\nD. 150天"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_780",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生产上鱼类生长的警戒浓度一般是指水中溶解氧浓度为\nA. 2mg/L\nB. 5mg/L\nC. 1mg/L\nD. 3mg/L"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_781",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "就一般情况讲，我国目前农业集约经营类型主要是哪一种集约\nA. 资金\nB. 知识\nC. 技术\nD. 劳动"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_782",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质中，在脱落酸生物合成途径中出现的是\nA. 异戊烯基焦磷酸\nB. 蛋氨酸\nC. 色氨酸\nD. 1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_783",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "从植物学上看，水稻的穗是\nA. 复穗花序\nB. 穗状花序\nC. 伞状花序\nD. 圆锥花序"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_784",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "从系统的开放性上看，农业生态系统属于什么系统\nA. 开放性不确定(随时间或空间不断变化)\nB. 开放性\nC. 封闭性\nD. 半开放性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_785",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "从根本上说，农业政策的取向是跟农业问题的变化密切相关的。在以农业调整问题为主的阶段，要采取()政策\nA. 农业榨取\nB. 产业发展\nC. 农业保护\nD. 产业结构"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_786",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "奶牛日粮结构中，精料所占比例不宜超过\nA. 80%\nB. 60%\nC. 40%\nD. 50%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_787",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列生物中，能进行次级生产的是\nA. 小麦\nB. 兔\nC. 水稻\nD. 蔬菜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_788",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "乳牛干乳期一般为\nA. 80天\nB. 40天\nC. 60天\nD. 20天"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_789",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "大量用幼嫩的禾本科牧草饲喂牛羊，易引起\nA. 硝酸盐中毒\nB. 亚硝酸盐中毒\nC. 氢氰酸中毒\nD. 生物碱中毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_790",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酿热温床的热源是\nA. 蒸汽\nB. 烧煤\nC. 微生物分解酿热材料\nD. 电热"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_791",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "瘦肉型生长肥育猪宜采用的肥育方法是\nA. 阶段肥育法\nB. 前敞后限肥育法\nC. 前后敞开肥育法\nD. 吊架子肥育法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_792",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列各对种植方式中，都是由两种生育期相近的作物在田间构成复合群体的是\nA. 间作与轮作\nB. 混作与连作\nC. 间作与混作\nD. 间作与套作"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_793",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "鲜食甜玉米的采收一般是在（）时进行\nA. 籽粒淀粉含量最高、糖含量最高\nB. 籽粒淀粉含量最少、糖含量最少\nC. 籽粒淀粉含量最少、糖含量最高\nD. 籽粒淀粉含量最高、糖含量最少"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_794",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "奶牛的产奶量达到高峰期的胎次是\nA. 4—7胎\nB. 1—2胎\nC. 8—10胎\nD. 2—3胎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_795",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "由于环境条件中的不适因素所造成的暂停发芽、生长的现象叫\nA. 限制因素\nB. 自发休眠\nC. 生理休眠\nD. 强迫休眠"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_796",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据小麦的温光反应特性，小麦属于\nA. 低温长日作物\nB. 低温短日作物\nC. 高温长日作物\nD. 高温短日作物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_797",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生长肥育兔日粮中粗纤维的适宜含量为\nA. 14%～17%\nB. 8%～10%\nC. 5%～6%\nD. 10%～14%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_798",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "植物中含的麦角固醇经紫外线照射后可转化成\nA. VD2\nB. VE\nC. VA\nD. VD3"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_799",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "适合肉用仔鸡的饲养方式是\nA. 立体笼养\nB. 铁丝网上平养\nC. 厚垫料平养\nD. 无垫料平养"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_800",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据对温度条件的适应性不同，水稻可分为\nA. 常规稻和杂交稻\nB. 粘稻和糯稻\nC. 籼稻和粳稻\nD. 早稻和晚稻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_801",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "灌水定额是指单位土地面积上的\nA. 多次灌水量之和\nB. 灌水次数\nC. 作物需水量\nD. 一次灌水量"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_802",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "家畜的幼年期是指\nA. 出生到断奶\nB. 继奶到性成熟\nC. 性成熟到生理成熟\nD. 断奶至生理成熟"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_803",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "饲料中总能扣除粪能后称为\nA. 代谢能\nB. 热增能\nC. 净能\nD. 消化能"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_804",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列蔬菜中含维生素C较多的蔬菜是\nA. 南瓜\nB. 胡萝卜\nC. 辣椒\nD. 马铃薯"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_805",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一种农产品在市场的零售价和批发价的差额称为\nA. 批零差价\nB. 时间差价\nC. 地区差价\nD. 季节差价"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_806",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "脂肪是家兔能量来源和沉积体脂的营养物质之一。家兔日粮中粗脂肪的含量应为\nA. 1～２％\nB. 2～3％\nC. 4～5％\nD. 3～4％"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_807",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在促进细胞伸长生长过程中，赤霉素的作用主要是活化了\nA. 纤维素酶\nB. 木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶\nC. 扩张蛋白\nD. 果胶酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_808",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "（）%=发芽初期正常发芽粒数/供检总粒数×100\nA. 发芽势\nB. 发芽率\nC. 种子净度\nD. 品种纯度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_809",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "农业税的平均税率最高不得超过常年产量的\nA. 25%\nB. 15%\nC. 5%\nD. 10%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_810",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一个早稻品种在晚季(下半年)种植，则会产生\nA. 生育期延长\nB. 生育期没有变化\nC. 生育期缩短\nD. 不能收到产量"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_811",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "照射红光可以使植物体内的\nA. 向光素转变成有活性的形式\nB. 向光素转变成无活性的形式\nC. 光敏素转变成生理钝化形式\nD. 光敏素转变成生理活跃形式"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_812",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "级差地租第一形态产生的原因是\nA. 劳动者的技术水平不同\nB. 土地的肥沃程度和地理位置不同\nC. 劳动者的经营管理水平不同\nD. 对土地的投入水平不同"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_813",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "我国国营农场的土地、资产归（）所有\nA. 联合体\nB. 农场职工\nC. 集中\nD. 国家"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_814",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "我国国土辽阔，全国土地面积占世界陆地面积的7.4%，耕地面积占全球耕地总面积的（）左右\nA. 1/10\nB. 1/15\nC. 1/20\nD. 1/5"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_815",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "昆虫的不全变态在发育过程中包括的虫期有\nA. 卵—若虫—蛹—成虫\nB. 卵—蛹—成虫\nC. 卵—幼虫(若虫)—成虫\nD. 卵—幼虫—蛹—成虫"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_816",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "我国饲养标准所采用的能量体系中，猪通常用\nA. 消化能\nB. 总能\nC. 净能\nD. 代谢能"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_817",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "当小麦施肥量为15公斤时，产量为100公斤，当施肥量为20公斤时，小麦产量为130公斤，小麦价格为2.5元/公斤，则其边际收益为\nA. 75元\nB. 15元\nC. 325元\nD. 250元"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_818",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "能够决定地球上动物的人口生存数量的是\nA. 热量\nB. 初级生产量\nC. 次级生产量\nD. 三次生产量"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_819",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在同一地段上既有无性更新方式培育小径材，又培育实生树生产大径材的经营方法，称为\nA. 矮林作业\nB. 天然林经营\nC. 中林作业\nD. 次生林经营"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_820",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "雏鸡“溜腱症”是因日粮中缺少\nA. 钙元素\nB. 锰元素\nC. 磷元素\nD. 铜元素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_821",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质中，属于细胞壁组分的非多糖类物质是\nA. 木质素\nB. 果胶\nC. 淀粉\nD. 胼胝质"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_822",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "农产品储存的时间界定是\nA. 包含生产过程、不包含消费领域\nB. 从生产过程到消费领域\nC. 消费领域\nD. 从离开生产过程到尚未进入消费领域之前"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_823",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "夏天晚上昆虫向灯光群集这是什么引起的?\nA. 物流\nB. 信息流\nC. 价值流\nD. 能流"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_824",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "腌肉型(瘦肉型)猪的瘦肉率一般在\nA. 50%以上\nB. 46～50%以上\nC. 35～40%以上\nD. 56～60%以上"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_825",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "工厂化养猪普遍实行母猪高床产仔并设护仔架，产仔高床一般距地面为\nA. 65～70cm\nB. 20～35cm\nC. 50～60cm\nD. 45～50cm"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_826",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "植物从暗中转移到光下，类囊体膜上的玉米黄素和紫黄素含量的变化分别是\nA. 降低、降低\nB. 升高、降低\nC. 升高、升高\nD. 降低、升高"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_827",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一般豆科籽实饲料粗蛋白的含量为\nA. 50%～60%\nB. 10%～20%\nC. 40%～50%\nD. 20%～40%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_828",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "当需要改变原有品种主要生产力方向时，常采用的杂交方法是\nA. 轮回杂交\nB. 育成杂交\nC. 级进杂交\nD. 导入杂交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_829",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在下列植物生长调节剂中，促进花木插条生根的是\nA. 代剪灵\nB. 多效唑\nC. 三十烷醇\nD. 萘乙酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_830",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "雄鸟急速起飞，煽动双翅，给雌鸟发出警报的信息作用属于\nA. 化学信息\nB. 物理信息\nC. 行为信息\nD. 营养信息"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_831",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "可用于空气、物体表面消毒及组织表面感染治疗的光线是\nA. 光辐射\nB. 可见光线\nC. 紫外线\nD. 红外线"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_832",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "所选性状上，留种群与全群平均值之差称为\nA. 选择进展\nB. 选择强度\nC. 选择反应\nD. 选择差"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_833",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "变温能提高种子的发芽率，这属于植物的\nA. 光周期现象\nB. 温周期现象\nC. 变温作用\nD. 温光调控"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_834",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "母羊的发情旺季是\nA. 春季\nB. 秋季\nC. 夏季\nD. 冬季"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_835",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "我国饲料工业的分布主要是\nA. 靠近饲料原料产地\nB. 西北牧区\nC. 适应养殖业分布\nD. 集中于粮食大省"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_836",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列代谢途径中，既可在细胞质基质又可在质体中进行的是\nA. C3途径\nB. 柠檬酸循环\nC. 乙醛酸循环\nD. 磷酸戊糖途径"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_837",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "羊进行药浴的目的是\nA. 肥育\nB. 防治疥癣病\nC. 提高净毛率\nD. 驱除内寄生虫"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_838",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "信贷资金的基本特征是\nA. 效益性\nB. 固定性\nC. 强制性\nD. 有偿性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_839",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "家禽对光照的反应很敏感，光照长度的递增对公鸡精子的生成有\nA. 促进作用\nB. 抑制作用\nC. 刺激作用\nD. 杀灭作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_840",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种能源属自然辅助能\nA. 降水\nB. 石油\nC. 天然气\nD. 化肥"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_841",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "需要改变原有品种主要生产力的方向时，宜采用\nA. 三元杂交\nB. 级进杂交\nC. 轮回杂交\nD. 二元杂交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_842",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "饲料中的有机物质在动物体外或体内燃烧后所产生的热量称为\nA. 消化能\nB. 净能\nC. 总能\nD. 代谢能"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_843",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "植物体内产生的生理活性物质，称为\nA. 植物生长调节剂\nB. 植物激素\nC. 类激素物质\nD. 植物生长促进剂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_844",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下几种禽类中哪种需要弱光照\nA. 10日龄的肉仔鸡\nB. 2日龄的肉仔鸡\nC. 30周龄的产蛋鸡\nD. 2日龄的皱鸡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_845",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在下列描述中，错误的是\nA. 杂种一代的产量和产量因素一般较双亲高(多)\nB. 杂种一代的生长势和营养体一般较双亲旺\nC. 杂种一代的生育期一般较双亲长\nD. 杂种一代的抗逆性和适应性一般较双亲强"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_846",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列蛋白质中，属于乙烯受体的是\nA. ETR1\nB. TIR1\nC. GID1\nD. CRE1"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_847",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "植物细胞内活性氧产生的主要部位是\nA. 线粒体和液泡\nB. 叶绿体和细胞核\nC. 叶绿体和线粒体\nD. 叶绿体和液泡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_848",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "玉米一生中，生长发育最旺盛、形成穗粒数的重要时期是\nA. 拔节—抽雄\nB. 出苗—拔节\nC. 开花—成熟\nD. 抽雄—开花"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_849",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "棉花需水临界期是\nA. 苗期\nB. 花铃期\nC. 吐絮期\nD. 蕾期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_850",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某周的日平均气温分别为9°C、11°C、12°C、14°C、10°C、11°C、9°C，则对水稻而言，这一周的有效积温为\nA. 48°C\nB. 58°C\nC. 8°C\nD. 76°C"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_851",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下哪个不是农业对国民经济的作用\nA. 争取外汇\nB. 积累生产要素\nC. 提供食品和工业原料\nD. 输送高科技人才"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_852",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "太阳辐射中能被植物光合作用直接利用，具有光合效益的是\nA. 红外光\nB. 紫外光\nC. 可见光\nD. 远红外光"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_853",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据生产力的发展水平，一般可以把经济划分为自然经济和\nA. 市场经济\nB. 商品经济\nC. 农业经济\nD. 计划经济"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_854",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "既能补充钙又能补充磷的饲料是\nA. 贝壳粉\nB. 磷酸氢钙\nC. 碳酸钙\nD. 石粉"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_855",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "现代化养鸡生产中，蛋鸡的饲养周期一般为\nA. 2年\nB. 72周\nC. 1年\nD. 64周"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_856",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "产绒的羊种是\nA. 细毛羊\nB. 半毛羊\nC. 山羊\nD. 肉羊"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_857",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "环境中的生物会发生竞争，凡在竞争中以其“量”取胜的，则称为\nA. r-对策者\nB. K-对策者\nC. r-K连续体\nD. CAM-对策者"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_858",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "精液保存的技术关键是\nA. 减少精子能量损失\nB. 扩大利用率\nC. 延长保存时间\nD. 便于运输"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_859",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在我国对农业生产资料的管理主要表现在\nA. 城市\nB. 农村\nC. 生产领域\nD. 流通领域"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_860",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "母猪泌乳量在产后日渐上升，泌乳量达到最高峰是在\nA. 21—23天\nB. 7—10天\nC. 15—17天\nD. 30—35天"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_861",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "由于日照的增长和温度的升高刺激性机能而进行配种的动物是\nA. 猪、犬\nB. 禽、兔\nC. 牛、羊\nD. 马、骡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_862",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "我国下列家免中不属于引入品种的是\nA. 新西兰兔\nB. 哈白兔\nC. 加利福尼亚兔\nD. 青紫兰兔"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_863",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "工厂化养兔多用全进全出方法，一般多少日龄断奶\nA. 45～50\nB. 20～28\nC. 40～45\nD. 28～35"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_864",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "促进植物气孔张开最有效的光是\nA. 远红光\nB. 绿光\nC. 蓝光\nD. 黄光"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_865",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在扦插繁殖时，下列描述中错误的是\nA. 插条年龄大的较小的容易生根\nB. 主轴上的枝条较侧枝上的容易生根\nC. 在灌木中匍匐型较直立型容易生根\nD. 灌木比乔木容易生根"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_866",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在描述塑料大棚内气体变化的下列方式中，正确的是\nA. 白天CO_{2}低，O_{2}低\nB. 白天CO_{2}高，O_{2}低\nC. 夜间CO_{2}低，O_{2}高\nD. 夜间CO_{2}高，O_{2}低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_867",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "属于气候资源的是\nA. 降水\nB. 土壤\nC. 地下水\nD. 地表水"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_868",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "果品产生的特有气味和芳香主要决定于果实内的\nA. 挥发性有机物\nB. 糖分\nC. 糖酸比\nD. 硬度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_869",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "我国必须走资源节约、技术密集的农业发展道路，这决定于我国的\nA. 人口素质\nB. 经济发展速度\nC. 改革环境\nD. 基本国情"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_870",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列不是国民收入再分配的经济杠杆是\nA. 服务收费\nB. 财政\nC. 信贷\nD. 法律"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_871",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列植物激素中，能诱导多种逆境蛋白合成的是\nA. 细胞分裂素\nB. 赤霉素\nC. 生长素\nD. 脱落酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_872",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "商品蛋鸡的产量期一般是指\nA. 21—72周龄\nB. 20—78周龄\nC. 22—80周龄\nD. 18—64周龄"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_873",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "农业生态系统养分循环的三个主要养分库是\nA. 水体库、土壤库、生物库\nB. 土壤有效养分库、土壤矿物库、土壤有机物库\nC. 植物库、动物库、土壤库\nD. 土壤库、岩石库、生物库"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_874",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "秋天，落叶树的叶片会发生脱落，在这一过程中植物感受的主要环境信号和感受这一信号的部位分别是\nA. 短日照、叶片\nB. 水分供应减少、叶片\nC. 水分供应减少、芽\nD. 短日照、芽"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_875",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "精子有各种运动形态，其中正常的运动形态是\nA. 原地摆动\nB. 直线前进运动\nC. 尾部摆动\nD. 回旋转圈"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_876",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "叶肉细胞的细胞质基质中的无机磷酸（Pi）可以调节光合产物在叶绿体和细胞质基质间的分配，下列说法正确的是\nA. 当Pi浓度低时，有利于叶绿体基质中蔗糖的积累\nB. 当Pi浓度高时，有利于光合产物在叶绿体中积累\nC. 当Pi浓度高时，有利于光合产物向细胞质基质转移\nD. 当Pi浓度低时，有利于细胞质基质中淀粉的积累"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_877",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "全价配合饲料是由浓缩饲料与下列哪种饲料配合而成的\nA. 添加剂\nB. 蛋白质饲料\nC. 预混料\nD. 能量饲料"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_878",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "农业生产外延的扩大再生产是（）引起的生产规模的扩大\nA. 管理水平的提高\nB. 科学技术水平的提高\nC. 生产要素数量的增加\nD. 劳动生产率的提高"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_879",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "羊的妊娠期是\nA. 280天\nB. 114天\nC. 150天\nD. 30天"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_880",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "果树繁殖的方法有有性繁殖和无性繁殖两种。通过种子繁殖的苗木称为\nA. 实生苗\nB. 自根苗\nC. 嫁接苗\nD. 萌生苗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_881",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "适合于精子正常运动和存活的渗透压是\nA. 高渗\nB. 低渗\nC. 筹渗\nD. 偏低渗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_882",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "常温保存精液的温度是\nA. 10～30°C\nB. 15～25°C\nC. 5～25°C\nD. 10～25°C"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_883",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "羊在春季剪毛和抓绒后应进行药浴，其目的是\nA. 防治感冒\nB. 防治皮肤伤\nC. 防治传染病\nD. 防治疥癣病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_884",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪类国家选择的是劳动集约型的农业现代化发展道路\nA. 美国\nB. 法国、德国\nC. 日本\nD. 加拿大"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_885",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面关于演替的说法哪个正确?\nA. 演替以先锋种为发展顶点\nB. 演替就是一个物种取代另一个物种，无规律性\nC. 演替就是一个物种取代另一个物种，无方向性\nD. 演替是指在一定区域内一个群落被另一个群落所替代的过程"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_886",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在我国的整个能源结构中，我国的主要能源是\nA. 水电\nB. 石油\nC. 天然气\nD. 煤炭"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_887",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "影响嫁接亲和力的主要原因是砧木和接穗之间的\nA. 亲缘关系\nB. 树体年龄差异\nC. 树体形状差异\nD. 树体大小差异"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_888",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "仔兔睁眼前的生理状态是\nA. 可采食饲料\nB. 行动活跃\nC. 睡眼\nD. 生长发育快"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_889",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "按作物对二氧化碳同化途径的特点分类，下列作物中属于四碳作物的是\nA. 水稻、小麦\nB. 玉米、高梁\nC. 棉花、烟草\nD. 剑麻、龙舌兰麻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_890",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据物质循环的范围不同，生物地球化学循环可分为\nA. 气相型和沉积型循环\nB. 气相型循环和地质大循环\nC. 生物小循环和地质大循环\nD. 生物小循环和气相型循环"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_891",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "甜玉米的采收适期是\nA. 淀粉含量最少、糖含量最高时\nB. 淀粉含量最少、糖含量最低时\nC. 淀粉含量最多、糖含量最高时\nD. 淀粉含量最多、糖含量最低时"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_892",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列作物中，不耐连作的作物是\nA. 烟草\nB. 小麦\nC. 玉米\nD. 水稻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_893",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "华北地区不能栽培柑桔。主要影响因素是\nA. 活动积温\nB. 越冬最低温度\nC. 有效积温\nD. 最热月温度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_894",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面哪一个条件不是传统农业转变为现代农业所需要的社会经济及技术条件\nA. 工业要有一定程度的发展\nB. 教育水平要有一定程度的提高\nC. 职工的工资要有大幅度上涨\nD. 商品经济必须有一定程度的发展"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_895",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "利用外资主要有三种渠道。从国际组织获取资金的渠道称\nA. 多边渠道\nB. 官方渠道\nC. 双边渠道\nD. 民间渠道"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_896",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有害物质的富集使人类受害最大，这是因为\nA. 人处于食物链的终端\nB. 大多数人直接从事农牧业生产\nC. 人们经常接触有害物质\nD. 人类的摄食量大"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_897",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "暖地型草坪草生长的适宜温度为\nA. 30～35°C\nB. 20～25°C\nC. 15～20°C\nD. 25～30°C"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_898",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据水稻对温、光条件的反应，水稻是\nA. 低温、长日作物\nB. 高温、短日作物\nC. 高温、长日作物\nD. 低温、短日作物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_899",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "由植物内在因素引起的休眠，即使给予适宜的环境条件，依然要保持一段时间的休眠状态，仍不发芽，这称为\nA. 他发性休眠\nB. 短休眠\nC. 强迫休眠\nD. 生理休眠"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_900",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列生物膜中存在V型H＋-ATP酶的是\nA. 液泡膜\nB. 类囊体膜\nC. 质膜\nD. 线粒体膜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_901",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "杂交后代再与亲本之一杂交称为\nA. 复交\nB. 三交\nC. 单交\nD. 回交"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_902",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一般把作物种子播种(或出苗)到新种子成熟所经历的天数称为\nA. 物候期\nB. 生育时期\nC. 生育阶段\nD. 生育期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_903",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "气相型循环的特点是\nA. 速度较慢，循环较为完全\nB. 速度快，循环不完全\nC. 速度较慢，循环不完全\nD. 速度快，循环比较完全"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_904",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在群落中决定着整个群落的内部结构和特殊环境，往往是主要层的优势种的植物种是\nA. 亚优势种\nB. 附属种\nC. 建群种\nD. 优势种"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_905",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某些鲜活易腐且不易储存的农产品，在短期内其供给弹性\nA. 无限大\nB. 很大\nC. 很小\nD. 为零"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_906",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肉用仔鸡的饲养要采取\nA. 全期自由采食\nB. 前期自由采食，后期限饲\nC. 全期限饲\nD. 前期限饲，后期自由采食"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_907",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生态系统的生产者为\nA. 狼\nB. 鱼\nC. 森林\nD. 食用菌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_908",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列土壤类型中，保肥保水能力最强的是\nA. 砂土\nB. 粘土\nC. 壤土\nD. 砂壤土"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_909",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "猪群内个体间的相互识别，主要是利用猪的\nA. 视觉\nB. 听觉\nC. 嗅觉\nD. 群体位次"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_910",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列牛品种中，屠宰率最高、肉品质最好的是\nA. 夏洛来\nB. 延边牛\nC. 秦川牛\nD. 荷兰牛"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_911",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "凡饲料干物质中粗蛋白含量高于（）者，均称为蛋白质补充料\nA. 40%\nB. 20%\nC. 10%\nD. 30%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "agronomy"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_912",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列病毒中，属于是 DNA 病毒的是\nA. 新城疫病毒\nB. 马立克氏病病毒\nC. 口蹄疫病毒\nD. 禽流感病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_913",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "近百年来猩红热发病率有明显下降，轻型病人增多，病死率50年代为20年代的1/30，称疾病变化为\nA. 长期变动\nB. 季节性\nC. 周期性\nD. 短期波动"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_914",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "朊病毒的主要特征是\nA. 只有 ssRNA，没有蛋白质外壳\nB. 只有 DNA，没有蛋白质外壳\nC. 只有 dsRNA，没有蛋白质外壳\nD. 只有蛋白质，没有核酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_915",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒所合成的晚期蛋白的功能是\nA. 抑制宿主细胞蛋白质的合成\nB. 抑制宿主细胞核酸的合成\nC. 构成病毒衣壳蛋白\nD. 合成包涵体的基质蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_916",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "呈二十面体立体对称的DNA病毒是\nA. 腺病毒\nB. 正粘病毒\nC. 风疹病毒\nD. 弹状病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_917",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一种病毒所产生的衣壳或包膜包在另一种病毒基因组外，这种变异称之为\nA. 突变\nB. 表型混合\nC. 基因重组\nD. 加强作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_918",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "干扰素抗病毒作用的机制是\nA. 阻止病毒穿入\nB. 诱导细胞产生抗病毒蛋白\nC. 抑制病毒生物合成\nD. 抑制病毒吸附"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_919",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "用于预防病毒感染的减毒活疫苗是\nA. 乙脑疫苗\nB. 乙肝疫苗\nC. 脊髓灰质炎口服糖丸疫苗\nD. 狂犬疫苗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_920",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "逆转录病毒的核酸类型为\nA. 单股正链RNA\nB. 单股正链DNA\nC. 单股正链RNA 二聚体\nD. 单股负链DNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_921",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病原体能够引起临床疾病的能力被称为\nA. 致病力\nB. 侵袭力\nC. 传染性\nD. 毒力"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_922",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒在宿主细胞内的复制周期过程，正确的描述是\nA. 吸附、脱壳、生物合成、成熟及释放\nB. 吸附、结合、穿入、生物合成、成熟及释放\nC. 特异性结合、脱壳、复制、组装及释放\nD. 吸附、穿入、脱壳、生物合成、组装成熟与释放"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_923",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下述哪种属于病毒基因突变\nA. 多重复活\nB. 交叉复活\nC. 互补作用\nD. 温度敏感性变异"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_924",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一些传染病如菌痢，在我国终年均可发病，但每年8-9月份则出现一个发病高峰，此现象称为\nA. 长期变动\nB. 周期性\nC. 短期波动\nD. 季节性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_925",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以隐性感染为主的传染病是\nA. 麻疹\nB. 脊髓灰质炎\nC. 流行性感冒\nD. 狂犬病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_926",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某病的患病率与该病的发病率及病程有关，当后两者在相当长时间内保持稳定时，患病率为\nA. 新发病人数÷病程\nB. 发病率×病程\nC. 发病率÷病程\nD. 新发病人数×病程"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_927",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列为病毒的特殊结构是\nA. 核心\nB. 衣壳\nC. 刺突\nD. 核衣壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_928",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学的描述性研究不包括\nA. 病例对照研究\nB. 现况研究\nC. 普查\nD. 抽样调查"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_929",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "经垂直感染导致畸胎的病毒主要有\nA. 麻疹病毒\nB. 风疹病毒\nC. 乙脑病毒\nD. 流感病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_930",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关病毒感染的描述正确的是\nA. 病毒在人群个体间的相互相互传播为水平传播 ，主要经皮肤和粘膜传播\nB. 病毒感染细胞造成的免疫病理损伤仅限于Ⅳ型变态反应\nC. 慢发病毒感染就是病毒的慢性感染\nD. 母亲将病毒传给其子女的感染为垂直传播"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_931",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "可称为病毒体的结构是\nA. 核衣壳\nB. 核酸\nC. 包膜\nD. 衣壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_932",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒包膜的特点不包括\nA. 决定病毒感染细胞的宿主特异性\nB. 来源于宿主细胞\nC. 可被脂溶剂溶解\nD. 镶嵌有细胞编码的蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_933",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "夏季因气温高，雨量多，蚊媒密度升高而引起的蚊媒传染病的流行属于\nA. 宿主因素发生变化，宿主比重增加\nB. 在流行病学三角模型中环境因素不变，病因比重增加\nC. 病因、宿主环境三要素保持动态平衡\nD. 环境因素发生变化，导致病因比重增加"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_934",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "暴露人口也称危险人群，暴露人口必须有可能患所要观察的疾病，且必须是\nA. 观察地区内的全部居民\nB. 观察时期内、观察地区的人群\nC. 该疾病的接触者\nD. 观察地区的本地居民"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_935",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "注射白喉抗毒素的同时，又接种白喉类毒素，这种免疫称为\nA. 人工被动\nB. 自然自动\nC. 人工自动\nD. 人工自动被动免疫"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_936",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒的中和试验是病毒血清学特异试验，以下描述中不正确的是\nA. 中和试验是指中和抗体与病毒结合，使病毒失去感染性的一种试验\nB. 中和试验需用活细胞或鸡胚或动物来判断结果\nC. 中和抗体在体内维持时间较短\nD. 中和试验是一种特异性较高的试验"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_937",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不能诱导细胞产生干扰素的诱生剂是\nA. 头孢菌素\nB. 衣原体\nC. 细菌脂多糖\nD. 人工合成双股RNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_938",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于流行病学，下列哪种说法是正确的\nA. 从个体水平认识疾病和健康\nB. 从细胞水平认识疾病和健康\nC. 从群体水平认识疾病和健康\nD. 从整体水平认识疾病和健康"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_939",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对病毒包膜的叙述错误的是\nA. 包膜溶解可使病毒灭活\nB. 表面凸起称为壳粒\nC. 化学成分为蛋白质、脂类及多糖\nD. 具有病毒种、型特异性抗原"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_940",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒粒子中的一种结构是来自寄主细胞膜的，它是\nA. 刺突\nB. 包膜\nC. 核心\nD. 衣壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_941",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行性乙型脑炎传播媒介是：\nA. 革螨\nB. 虱\nC. 蚊\nD. 蝇"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_942",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "可直接作为mRNA翻译蛋白的病毒核酸类型是\nA. 双股RNA\nB. 单股正链RNA\nC. 双股DNA\nD. 单股负链RNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_943",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "如某一新的疗法可防止某疾病死亡，但不能促使其康复时，那么将会发生该病的\nA. 患病减少\nB. 患病率增加\nC. 发病率降低\nD. 发病率增加"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_944",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "可直接测量病毒体大小的方法是\nA. 电子显微镜观察\nB. 超速离心法\nC. 光学显微镜观察\nD. X线衍射法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_945",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒与立克次体相同的特点是\nA. 以二分裂方式进行繁殖\nB. 在人工合成的培养基中不能生长\nC. 含有DNA和RNA\nD. 含有核蛋白体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_946",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与衣壳生物学意义无关的是\nA. 组成病毒抗原\nB. 裸露病毒体吸附细胞的结构\nC. 决定病毒的致病特点\nD. 保护病毒核酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_947",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "呈螺旋对称型的RNA病毒是\nA. 流感病毒\nB. 腺病毒\nC. 痘类病毒\nD. 疱疹病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_948",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "目前在全世界已消灭的疾病是\nA. 天花\nB. 麻疹\nC. 霍乱\nD. 鼠疫"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_949",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "比较两个地区的流感流行程度时用\nA. 罹患率\nB. 发病率\nC. 标化发病率\nD. 患病率"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_950",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "从疾病生态学的角度来看，与疾病发生有关的三大因素是\nA. 易感性、传播途径、传染源\nB. 理化因素、生物学因素、社会经济因素\nC. 遗传、营养、身体锻炼\nD. 宿主、环境、病原物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_951",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下面各项陈述，何者不适于解释传染病水型流行\nA. 在水源易受污染的地区多发\nB. 疾病的发生与职业和性别无关\nC. 疾病的发生与冬季关系很大\nD. 多次暴发时流行曲线可能不只—个高峰"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_952",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "组织细胞对病毒的易感性取决于细胞支持病毒复制的能力及\nA. 病毒的特殊结构\nB. 组织中易感细胞数目\nC. 细胞是否处于感受态\nD. 病毒是否产生毒素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_953",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "构成“传染过程”的必备因素有\nA. 微生物、媒介、宿主\nB. 寄生虫、中间宿主、终末宿主\nC. 传染源、传播途径、易感人群\nD. 病原体、机体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_954",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "决定病毒具有感染性的是\nA. 包膜\nB. 神经氨酸酶\nC. 衣壳\nD. 核酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_955",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "疾病发生的基本条件是\nA. 人群中营养状况普遍不良\nB. 环境中有大量的病原体存在\nC. 致病因素与宿主同时存在\nD. 致病因素、宿主和环境相互作用失去平衡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_956",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对病毒抵抗力叙述错误的是\nA. 紫外线能灭活病毒\nB. 大多数病毒60℃30分钟可被灭活\nC. 大多数病毒在－70℃下可存活\nD. 所有病毒对脂溶剂都敏感"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_957",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "决定病毒体感染细胞的关键物质是\nA. 包膜\nB. 核酸\nC. 刺突\nD. 衣壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_958",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某病的发病率是指\nA. 某病在某年内发生的新病例数与同年暴露人口数之比\nB. 某种感染引起的病例数\nC. 某种原因导致某病的发病率\nD. 任何疾病的发病概率"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_959",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种传染病不需要隔离\nA. 病毒性肝炎\nB. 钩虫病\nC. 鼠疫\nD. 结核病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_960",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "通过现况调查与随后的定期随访，对早期糖尿病或无症状的葡萄糖耐受试验阳性者观察其经过若干年后的结局和转归。这类研究属于\nA. 疾病的管理模式研究\nB. 疾病的自然史研究\nC. 疾病各阶段的比例研究\nD. 疾病的危险因素研究"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_961",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "孕妇患风疹后，可能引起胎儿畸形，这种传播病原体的方式称为\nA. 水平传播\nB. 垂直传播\nC. 医源性传播\nD. 上行传播"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_962",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列抗病毒免疫因素中，特异性杀伤病毒感染细胞的因素是\nA. NK细胞\nB. Tc细胞\nC. 补体\nD. 巨噬细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_963",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以“出芽”方式从细胞释放的病毒是\nA. 柯萨奇病毒\nB. 腺病毒\nC. 麻疹病毒\nD. ECHO 病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_964",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "温和噬菌体的核酸类型都是\nA. ssRNA\nB. ssDNA\nC. dsDNA\nD. dsRNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_965",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "证明某因素是某病的病因须经历的步骤是\nA. 先对各病例进行检验，找出可疑病因，再作实验证实\nB. 从疾病的频率和分布中形成假设，经分析验证再进行病因推断\nC. 从病理资料提出病因假设，再通过实验证实\nD. 调查各病例，寻找其共同因素，并用此因素作实验，实验成功则病因成立"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_966",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "构成病毒核心的化学成分是\nA. 核酸\nB. 蛋白质\nC. 类脂\nD. 磷酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_967",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "疾病的三间分布包括\nA. 时间、地区和人群分布\nB. 职业、家庭和环境\nC. 短期波动、季节性和周期性\nD. 国家、地区和城乡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_968",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒感染造成细胞损伤的因素中不包括\nA. 病毒引起细胞融合\nB. 病毒大量增殖损伤靶细胞\nC. Tc细胞直接杀死靶细胞\nD. 中和抗体直接溶解靶细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_969",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "美国芬兰等国提出：早期发现并治疗高血压，提倡不吸烟或戒烟，推广健康饮食以控制高血脂等来预防冠心病。这是因为\nA. 流行病学调查研究找出了该病的危险因素，提供了对该病的预防途径\nB. 冠心病是这些国家的主要死因\nC. 通过生活方式等的改变可以去除或减轻冠心病的这些危险因素\nD. 冠心病是由多病因造成的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_970",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒体的定义是\nA. 可独立生存的病毒\nB. 无包膜的裸露病毒\nC. 结构完整有感染性的成熟病毒\nD. 有刺突的包膜病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_971",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一些传染病的流行其时间上具有规律性，称此状况为\nA. 短期波动\nB. 长期变动\nC. 季节性\nD. 周期性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_972",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学研究中使用最多的研究方法是\nA. 实验法\nB. 方法学研究\nC. 观察法\nD. 理论法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_973",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "干扰素的本质是\nA. 缺陷病毒编码的蛋白\nB. 受病毒抗原刺激后产生的抗体\nC. 受病毒感染后细胞产生的蛋白质\nD. 病毒抗原"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_974",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于流行病学，下列哪项是不正确的\nA. 它可以评价药物或保健措施的有效性、安全性问题\nB. 它是预防医学的基础学科\nC. 它以个体为研究对象\nD. 它可以研究疾病的自然史"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_975",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学探讨病因的一般程序是\nA. 从人为联系到统计学联系\nB. 从间接联系到因果联系\nC. 从间接联系到统计学联系\nD. 从统计学联系到因果联系"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_976",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "判断因果联系时的必要条件是\nA. 联系的强度\nB. 联系的合理性\nC. 时间顺序，即先“因”后“果”\nD. 联系的一致性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_977",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "逆转录病毒特有的酶是\nA. 依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶\nB. 依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶\nC. 依赖RNA的DNA聚合酶\nD. 依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_978",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在病因推断过程中，反映某个因素与疾病的关联强度最常用下列哪个指标\nA. 人群归因危险度\nB. 归因危险度\nC. 相对危险度\nD. 特异危险度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_979",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "无包膜的病毒是\nA. 腺病毒\nB. 流感病毒\nC. 披膜病毒\nD. 疱疹病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_980",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在分子流行病学研究中，暴露标志和效应标志是根据疾病的不同阶段和研究需要确定的。根据研究的目的不同，大多数情况下，一项生物标志\nA. 作为暴露标志就不能作为效应标志\nB. 作为效应标志就不能作为暴露标志\nC. 可以同时既是效应标志又是暴露标志\nD. 有时作为效应标志，有时也可以作为暴露标志"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_981",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生物标志的类型主要包括\nA. 暴露标志、效应标志、易感性标志\nB. 免疫标志、易感性标志、暴露标志\nC. 暴露标志、病理标志、易感性标志\nD. 暴露标志、免疫标志、效应标志"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_982",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学的定义可概括为\nA. 研究各种疾病的学科\nB. 研究疾病的诊断、治疗及预防的科学\nC. 研究传染病的发生、发展以及如何防制的科学\nD. 研究人群中疾病与健康状况分布及其影响因素，并研究如何防制疾病及促进健康的策略和措施的科学"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_983",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下述与病毒蛋白质无关的作用是\nA. 病毒包膜的成分\nB. 吸附作用\nC. 免疫原性\nD. 保护核酸作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_984",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒遗传信息从RNA转为DNA的过程称为\nA. 基因转化\nB. 基因变异\nC. 噬菌体转导\nD. 逆转录"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_985",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "疫源地范围的大小取决于\nA. 传染源活动范围，传播途径的特点和周围人群的免疫状态\nB. 传染源的活动范围，排出病原体的数量及毒力\nC. 传染源的数量，活动范围及周围人口数多少\nD. 传染源的活动范围，数量和周围人群的免疫状态"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_986",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒的特征中不包括\nA. 含两种核酸\nB. 无细胞结构\nC. 必须在易感活细胞内增殖\nD. 对抗生素不敏感"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_987",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "宿主状态是遗传因素与下列哪种因素相互作用的结果\nA. 生物因素\nB. 环境因素\nC. 化学因素\nD. 物理因素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_988",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "经吸血节肢动物传播的传染病的流行特征是\nA. 有明显的职业特点\nB. 无地区性，但有季节性\nC. 有地区件，但无季节性\nD. 无明显的职业特点"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_989",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与病毒复制中的隐蔽期有关的是\nA. 脱壳\nB. 吸附\nC. 生物合成\nD. 穿入"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_990",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "节肢动物自吸入病原体至能够感染易感者，需完成其生活周期中的某个阶段后，才具有传染性，所需的这段时间称为\nA. 非传染期\nB. 传染期\nC. 外潜伏期\nD. 前驱期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_991",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在分子流行病学研究中，选择偏倚除样本选择偏倚外，还可能出现\nA. 混杂偏倚\nB. 检测偏倚\nC. 标本储存偏倚\nD. 标本采集偏倚"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_992",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不能用照射紫外线制备病毒灭活疫苗的原因是\nA. 此种灭活的疫苗经可见光照射可复活毒株\nB. 此种灭活的疫苗容易诱发被接种者癌瘤\nC. 紫外线杀伤力弱不能灭活所有的病毒\nD. 此种灭活的疫苗抗原性弱"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_993",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "潜伏感染的特点是\nA. 症状多为亚急性\nB. 潜伏期长达数月至数十年\nC. 潜伏状态检测不到任何病毒指标\nD. 不侵犯中枢神经系统"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_994",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "分子流行病学与传统流行病学的区别是\nA. 群体测量方法不同\nB. 研究的目的不同\nC. 测量的结局不同\nD. 研究对象不同"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_995",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对病因含义最确切的表达是\nA. 物理因素\nB. 凡能使人们发病概率增加的因素\nC. 化学因素\nD. 心理因素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_996",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "传染源是指\nA. 机体内有病原体生长繁殖的人或动物\nB. 体内有细菌的人\nC. 机体内有病原体的人或动物\nD. 体内有病原体生长繁殖并能排出病原体的人或动物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_997",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在病因研究的轮状模型中，强调宿主与下列哪种因素的关系\nA. 精神因素\nB. 环境因素\nC. 生物因素\nD. 物理因素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_998",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于病毒结构叙述错误的是\nA. 衣壳由壳粒构成\nB. 病毒包膜表面可有刺突\nC. 核酸和衣壳组成核衣壳\nD. 有包膜的病毒才有感染性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_999",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "验证病因假设最可靠的方法是\nA. 现况调查\nB. 抽样调查\nC. 队列研究\nD. 实验研究"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1000",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于流行病学，下列哪种说法是正确的\nA. 研究人群中疾病和健康状况的分布及其影响因素\nB. 只研究慢性病的危险因素\nC. 只研究传染病的流行和防治\nD. 从个体的角度研究疾病和健康状况及其影响因素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1001",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "为了探讨某病在不同国家人群中的发病差异是环境因素或遗传因素所致常应用\nA. 遗传流行病学\nB. 描述流行病学\nC. 移民流行病学\nD. 血清流行病学"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1002",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "易发生潜伏感染的病毒是\nA. 疱疹病毒\nB. 麻疹病毒\nC. 轮状病毒\nD. 流感病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1003",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "感染率的指标常用于\nA. 慢性病\nB. 隐性感染较多的疾病\nC. 急性传染病\nD. 精神病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1004",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪些说法是不正确的\nA. 环境因素影响人们对疾病的暴露程度\nB. 病因作用于宿主即可发生疾病\nC. 病因、宿主、环境为疾病发生的三要素\nD. 宿主因素决定人们对疾病的易感性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1005",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "WHO提出的扩大免疫计划，以预防\nA. 白喉、百日咳、破伤风、流行性乙型脑炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎和肺结核\nB. 白喉、百日咳；破伤风、麻疹和流行性脑脊髓膜炎\nC. 白喉、百日咳、破伤风、流行性乙型脑炎、脊髓灰质炎和肺结核\nD. 白喉、百日咳、破伤风、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎和肺结核"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1006",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "引起医源性感染的细菌最常见的传播途径是\nA. 媒介昆虫传播\nB. 经污染物\nC. 共同媒介传播\nD. 经手直接传播"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1007",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "当对某病的情况了解不多时，开展的流行病学研究往往是\nA. 理论性的\nB. 描述性的\nC. 实验性的\nD. 分析性的"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1008",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "用于测量病毒大小的单位是：\nA. 毫微米(nm)\nB. 微微米(pm)\nC. 微米(μm)\nD. 毫微微米(fm)"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1009",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪一项不是病因推断的标准\nA. 相对危险度较大\nB. 致病因素与疾病一一对应\nC. 因先于果\nD. 因素的分布与疾病的分布一致"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1010",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "能吸附宿主细胞协助病毒侵入细胞的部分是\nA. 核酸\nB. 壳粒\nC. 包膜\nD. 衣壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1011",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪一项不是使人群易感性降低的因素\nA. 计划免疫\nB. 免疫人口的死亡\nC. 传染病流行\nD. 易感人口的迁出"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1012",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某单位有十余人吃了某冷饮店的冰棒后，感染了痢疾，同时防疫站从冰棒中分离到痢疾杆菌，从而确定冰棒是\nA. 传染源\nB. 传播媒介\nC. 传播途径\nD. 带菌者"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1013",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "二十面体对称的病毒粒子的五邻体位于\nA. 12 个顶角上\nB. 20 个面上\nC. 30 条棱上\nD. 分别位于 12 个顶角上、20 个面上、30 条棱上"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1014",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "用直接电镜法可做出早期快速诊断的病毒是\nA. 轮状病毒\nB. 疱疹病毒\nC. 巨细胞病毒\nD. 流感病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1015",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学的实验性研究不包括\nA. 社区干预试验\nB. 临床试验\nC. 人群现场试验\nD. 病例对照研究"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1016",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "通过性接触或吸毒共用污染注射器传播的病毒是\nA. 埃可病毒\nB. 水痘－带状疱疹病毒\nC. 甲型肝炎病毒\nD. 人类免疫缺陷病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1017",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "移民流行病学的研究目的是探索\nA. 肿瘤和慢性病的遗传因素\nB. 卫生水平对疾病的影响\nC. 疾病与环境的关系\nD. 遗传和环境的关系孰大"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1018",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以“出芽”方式从细胞释放的病毒是\nA. 腺病毒\nB. ECHO病毒\nC. 麻疹病毒\nD. 柯萨奇病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1019",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "子代病毒释放的途径中不包括\nA. 整合释放\nB. 细胞裂解释放\nC. 出芽释放\nD. 通过细胞间桥释放"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1020",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒不同于衣原体的特点是\nA. 可引起机体多部位感染\nB. 对抗生素不敏感\nC. 能通过细菌滤器\nD. 严格地细胞内寄生"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1021",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学的分析性研究不包括\nA. 病例对照研究\nB. 队列研究\nC. 现场试验\nD. 历史性队列研究"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1022",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "甲型肝炎病毒的主要传播途径是\nA. 昆虫叮咬吸血\nB. 呼吸道\nC. 粪—口途径\nD. 输血—注射"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1023",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "构成传染病流行的3个环节是\nA. 传染源、传播途径、易感人群\nB. 传染源、传播途径、机体\nC. 传染源、传播途径、自然环境\nD. 传染源、传播途径、环境"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1024",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "目前我国规定的监测传染病是\nA. 疟疾、流行性感冒、脊髓灰质炎、流行性斑疹伤寒、回归热、登革热\nB. 疟疾、流行性感冒、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、天花、霍乱\nC. 鼠疫、流行性感冒、回归热、艾滋病\nD. 霍乱、天花、流行性感冒、登革热"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1025",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "传播途径是指\nA. 病原体更换宿主在外界环境下所经历的途径\nB. 病原体更换宿主的过程\nC. 病原体自传染源排出的过程\nD. 病原体侵入易感者的过程"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1026",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "白喉棒杆菌当其染色体 DNA 整合了 噬菌体的核酸以后，就能合成白喉毒素，成为有毒菌株，此种现象称为\nA. 转染\nB. 转化\nC. 溶源转变\nD. 转导"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1027",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "通过现场调查把疾病在时间、地区及人群中分布的特征加以描述经比较后，提出致病因素的假设的过程是\nA. 实验性研究\nB. 理论性研究\nC. 分析性研究\nD. 描述性研究"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1028",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于狂犬病病毒描述正确的是\nA. 有囊膜、核酸为 DNA\nB. 有囊膜、核酸为 RNA\nC. 无囊膜、核酸为 RNA\nD. 无囊膜、核酸为 DNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1029",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "人畜共患的病毒不包括\nA. 朊病毒\nB. 流感病毒\nC. 狂犬病毒\nD. 乙肝病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1030",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对一种严重的致死性疾病采取一级预防措施时，评价其效果最恰当的指标是该病的\nA. 患病率\nB. 病死率\nC. 发病率\nD. 死亡率"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1031",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒感染细胞的宿主范围主要取决于\nA. 病毒表面的接触蛋白\nB. 细胞表面的受体\nC. 病毒表面的血凝素\nD. 病毒的衣壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1032",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对暴发流行的时间、地区和人群分布特征进行描述的主要目的是\nA. 提供可能暴露地点的线索\nB. 证实某些人群具有较大的危险性\nC. 识别可能引起续发传播的因素\nD. 收集有关信息，以便为形成传染源及传播方式的假说提出依据"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1033",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在病因学上，轮状模型与三角模型相比，其主要的不同点是\nA. 更强调影响疾病发生的三要素\nB. 更强调特异性病原学说\nC. 有差别地看待疾病的三要素\nD. 强调环境及环境与机体的密切关系"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1034",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "自病原体侵入机体到临床症状最早出现的一段时间称为\nA. 前驱期\nB. 潜伏期\nC. 发病前期\nD. 传染期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1035",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "传染期是指\nA. 从临床症状出现到停止排出病原体的时期\nB. 最短与最长潜伏期之间的时间\nC. 从感染病原体到症状出现的时期\nD. 病人能排出病原体的整个时期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1036",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在建立病因假设的时候，所用的逻辑思维法则通常不包括下列哪一项\nA. 排除法\nB. 求异法\nC. 演绎法\nD. 共变法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1037",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒囊膜的组成成分是\nA. 多糖\nB. 脂类\nC. 蛋白质\nD. 磷酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1038",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "含有宿主细胞成分的是\nA. 包膜\nB. 核衣壳\nC. 衣壳\nD. 核酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1039",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学的研究对象是\nA. 疾病\nB. 健康人\nC. 病人\nD. 人群"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1040",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "保护病毒核酸的是 \nA. 衣壳\nB. 核酸\nC. 核衣壳\nD. 包膜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1041",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下哪一项不是潜伏期的流行病学意义\nA. 其长短影响流行特征\nB. 是决定病人隔离期限的重要依据\nC. 决定预防措施\nD. 评价某项预防措施的效果"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1042",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有一类病毒的 RNA 是具有侵染性的，它是\nA. -RNA 病毒\nB. 反转录病毒\nC. +RNA 病毒\nD. RNA 病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1043",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学与临床医学的区别在于\nA. 不涉及药物治疗\nB. 研究疾病的病因学\nC. 提供诊断依据\nD. 在群体水平上研究疾病现象"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1044",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下述与病毒蛋白质无关的作用是\nA. 吸附作用\nB. 对脂溶剂敏感性\nC. 病毒包膜的成分\nD. 保护核酸作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1045",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "无环鸟苷(ACV)有效控制单纯疱疹病毒的作用机理\nA. 抑制病毒DNA多聚酶和DNA合成\nB. 抑制病毒RNA聚合酶\nC. 抑制敏感细胞DNA复制\nD. 作用于敏感细胞表面受体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1046",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于病毒说法错误的是\nA. 近有一种类型的核酸\nB. 没有细胞结构\nC. 缺乏完整的酶系统和能量合成系统\nD. 可以独立存活"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1047",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "储存病毒遗传信息的是\nA. 衣壳\nB. 包膜\nC. 核酸\nD. 核衣壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1048",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "干扰素的化学本质是\nA. 糖蛋白\nB. DNA\nC. RNA\nD. 脂肪"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1049",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "疾病发生的三角模型存在的缺陷是\nA. 强调病原物、宿主和环境同等重要\nB. 强调环境\nC. 强调宿主\nD. 强调遗传因素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1050",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列生物属于病毒的是\nA. 结核杆菌\nB. 大肠杆菌\nC. 痢疾杆菌\nD. 痢疾杆菌噬菌体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1051",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质中，具有感染性的是\nA. Dane 颗粒\nB. 小球形颗粒\nC. HBeAg\nD. 管形颗粒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1052",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在流行病学较常用的发病统计指标有\nA. 率、发病率、标化死亡率、病死率\nB. 发病率、患病率、相对危险度、归因危险度\nC. 罹患率、患病率、发病率、续发率\nD. 发病率、死亡率、病死率"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1053",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "确定暴露于某因素与某病发生因果关系时，下列哪一条可不加考虑\nA. 联系的强度和特异性\nB. 时间顺序即暴露于疾病发生之前\nC. 剂量反应关系与现代科学知识协调\nD. 对联系进行统计学检验所得P值大小"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1054",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种疾病不是人畜共患疾病\nA. 伤寒\nB. 结核病\nC. 阿米巴痢疾\nD. 钩端螺旋体病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1055",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒含有的核酸通常是\nA. DNA\nB. RNA\nC. DNA 或 RNA\nD. DNA 和 RNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1056",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "确定接触者检疫期限长短的主要依据是\nA. 潜伏期\nB. 传染期\nC. 前驱期\nD. 恢复期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1057",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "流行病学中的群体是指\nA. 传染病患者\nB. 有典型症状的病人\nC. 在一定范围内的人群，可以小到一个家庭，大到全人类\nD. 无症状的健康人"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1058",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有包膜的病毒侵人细胞的方式是\nA. 膜融合\nB. 裂解细胞膜\nC. 胞饮\nD. 直接穿人"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1059",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病原体生存、生长和繁殖的自然场所被称为\nA. 媒介物\nB. 临床病例\nC. 宿主\nD. 传染源"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1060",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "干扰素抗病毒感染的机制\nA. 影像病毒装配\nB. 直接干扰病毒 mRNA 的转录\nC. 诱导细胞产生抗病毒蛋白\nD. 阻止病毒进入易感染细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1061",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "病毒的致病物质是\nA. 热原\nB. 蛋白质和核酸\nC. 外毒素\nD. 内毒素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1062",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪项说法是错误的\nA. 轮状模型中的生物，物理化学和社会环境三个组成部分的比重因病种的变化而异\nB. 病因网用于疾病多因素研究而不强调疾病单一致病因子的作用\nC. 轮状模型用于疾病的多因素研究而不强调疾病单一致病因子的作用\nD. 轮状模型的生物，物理化学和社会环境三个组成部分的比重随宿主的遗传因素的不同而异"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1063",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型可引起\nA. 原发性肝癌\nB. 宫颈癌\nC. 肉瘤\nD. 细胞淋巴瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1064",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "1988年，上海市发生甲型肝炎大流行，病毒主要通过生食毛蚶而侵入人体，毛蚶为病因的工作假设是通过下列哪种方法找出的\nA. 求同法\nB. 排除法\nC. 求异法\nD. 实验法"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1065",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下哪种不是艾滋病主要传播方式\nA. 血液传播\nB. 垂直传播\nC. 性传播\nD. 唾液传播"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1066",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "计算某一时期内发病率时要考虑新发病例数和\nA. 病例按时间分布、暴露人口数\nB. 暴露人口数的年龄、性别分布\nC. 病例按性别年龄分布、暴露人口数\nD. 病例的地区分布、各地区暴露人口数"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1067",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "决定传染病患者隔离期限长短的主要依据是\nA. 临床症状期\nB. 前驱期\nC. 潜伏期\nD. 传染期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1068",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在流行病学研究中，由于研究者不能或不能全部掌握或控制所研究现象发生的条件，因此采用什么方法就是很重要的方法\nA. 实验研究\nB. 建立数学模型\nC. 观察法\nD. 临床试验"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1069",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "抗病毒中和抗体的作用是\nA. 激活补体杀伤靶细胞\nB. ADCC效应\nC. 阻止病毒吸附\nD. 降解病毒核酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1070",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以破胞方式从细胞向外释放的病毒是\nA. 脊髓灰质炎病毒\nB. 麻疹\nC. 流感病毒\nD. 腮腺炎病毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1071",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "裸露病毒体的结构是\nA. 核酸+包膜\nB. 核心+衣壳+包膜\nC. 核心+衣壳\nD. 核衣壳+包膜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1072",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列有关病毒结构和生命活动特点，叙述错误的是\nA. 病毒的繁殖是在寄主细胞内进行的\nB. 病毒可以利用自身的营养分裂形成新个体\nC. 病毒由蛋白质外壳和遗传物质内核组成\nD. 病毒没有细胞结构"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1073",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "为制定某地区人群原发性高血压的社区综合防制方案，拟对该地区某时点人群原发性高血压的患病情况进行调查。这类研究是\nA. 队列研究\nB. 流行病学实验\nC. 横断面研究\nD. 病例对照研究"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1074",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "无包膜病毒完整病毒体的是 \nA. 核酸\nB. 衣壳\nC. 包膜\nD. 核衣壳"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1075",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "疫源地是指\nA. 传染源容易聚集的地方\nB. 传染源能达到的范围\nC. 传染源所在的地区\nD. 传染源向四周传播病原体所能波及的范围"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1076",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于病毒基本性状叙述错误的是：\nA. 体积微小，无细胞结构\nB. 只能在活细胞中增殖\nC. 对干扰素敏感\nD. 含有DNA和RNA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1077",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "新的疫苗或预防药物在推广应用前必须做\nA. 通过动物试验证实其效果\nB. 证明其无严重副作用\nC. 通过现场试验考核其实际预防效果\nD. 通过毒理学鉴定证明其对人体无害"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1078",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪项不是人工自动免疫使用的制剂\nA. 脊髓灰质炎活疫苗\nB. 麻疹活疫苗\nC. 卡介苗\nD. 丙种球蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1079",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "现患研究主要分析指标是\nA. 死亡构成比\nB. 患病率\nC. 发病率\nD. 续发率"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1080",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于流行病学研究方法的叙述，下列哪项是错误的\nA. 人群现场是流行病学主要的实验室\nB. 分析性研究可人为控制研究条件\nC. 流行病学研究可应用于疾病的诊断及预后评价\nD. 理论流行病学研究又称数理流行病学研究"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "virology"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1081",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "NADH脱氢酶可以以下列哪一个辅酶或辅基为受氢体\nA. FAD\nB. NAD+\nC. FMN\nD. CoQ"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1082",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在酶促反应中，决定反应特异性的是\nA. 辅酶\nB. 酶蛋白\nC. 无机离子\nD. 溶液PH"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1083",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在脑内，NH3的主要储存和运输形式是\nA. 尿素\nB. 谷氨酰胺\nC. 天冬氨酸\nD. 丙氨酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1084",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "丙二酸对琥珀酸脱氢酶的抑制作用属于\nA. 非竞争性抑制作用\nB. 反竞争性抑制作用\nC. 非特异性抑制作用\nD. 竞争性抑制作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1085",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血液中的胆红素主要运输形式是\nA. 胆红素-Z蛋白\nB. 胆红素-Y蛋白\nC. 葡糖醛酸-胆红素\nD. 胆红素-清蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1086",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "炎症介质的主要作用是使\nA. 组织间液渗透压增高\nB. 组织分解代谢增强\nC. 局部氢离子浓度增高\nD. 血管扩张通透性增加"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1087",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "鸟氨酸循环的重要意义是\nA. 解除氨毒\nB. 合成尿素\nC. 促进氨的转运\nD. 促进氨基酸脱氨基"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1088",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于糖的有氧氧化，下述哪一项是错误的\nA. 葡萄糖氧化成CO2及H2O时可生成12分子ATP\nB. 有氧氧化可抑制糖酵解\nC. 三羧酸循环是三大营养物互变的途径\nD. 糖有氧氧化是细胞获得能量的主要方式"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1089",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种维生素，参与构成转氨酶的辅酶\nA. VitB2\nB. VitB1\nC. VitB12\nD. VitB6"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1090",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "大叶性肺炎的并发症，错误的是\nA. 肺脓肿\nB. 肺肉质变\nC. 肺褐色硬变\nD. 脓胸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1091",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "辅酶NADP+分子中含有下列哪种B族维生素\nA. 烟酰胺\nB. 核黄素\nC. 叶酸\nD. 吡哆醛"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1092",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于抑癌基因的叙述，正确的是\nA. 具有抑制细胞过度增殖的作用\nB. 抑癌基因只存在于肿瘤细胞中\nC. 维持细胞的正常生长，只要抑癌基因正常表达即可\nD. 人类正常细胞中不存在抑癌基因"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1093",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于ATP的叙述，错误的是\nA. ATP在反应中供出高能磷酸基后即变为ADP\nB. ATP都是由呼吸链过程中经氧化磷酸化产生的\nC. ATP是生物体的直接供能物质\nD. ATP的化学能可转变为机械能，渗透能，电能，热能等"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1094",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "次级胆汁酸是\nA. 在肝内由初级游离胆汁酸转变生成\nB. 在肠内由初级胆汁酸转变生成\nC. 在肠内由胆固醇转变生成\nD. 在肝内由初级结合胆汁酸转变生成"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1095",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关酶活性测定与酶活性单位的描述，错误的是\nA. 一定条件下，每分钟转化1μmol底物所需的酶量为一个酶活性国际单位（IU）\nB. 每分钟使1mol底物转化为产物所需的酶量为1催量（Kat)\nC. 测定酶活性大小可用单位时间内产物的生成量来表示\nD. “单位”越大，表示酶的活性越大或酶的含量越高 C"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1096",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生物体内ATP的生成方式有多少种\nA. 1\nB. 3\nC. 4\nD. 2"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1097",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "利用药学手段阻断钠泵后，下列正确的是\nA. 阻止细胞水肿\nB. 细胞内Na移向细胞外\nC. 细胞内K 浓度升高\nD. 细胞容积增大"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1098",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪一种酶是脂肪酸-氧化的限速酶\nA. 脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶\nB. 肉碱脂酰转移酶Ⅱ\nC. 脂酰辅酶A合成酶\nD. 肉碱脂酰转移酶I"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1099",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "1分子硬脂酰辅酶A经1次β氧化后，其产物(除16碳脂酰辅酶A外的其他产物)彻底氧化可净生成多少分子ATP\nA. 12分子\nB. 9分子\nC. 14分子\nD. 5分子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1100",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质彻底氧化生成ATP最多的是\nA. 葡糖-6-磷酸\nB. 果糖-1，6-二磷酸\nC. 甘油醛- 3-磷酸\nD. 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1101",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与内髓部高渗的形成有关的是\nA. Nacl\nB. Nacl和尿素\nC. Nacl和KCL\nD. K"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1102",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "根据抑制剂与酶结合的紧密程度不同，抑制作用可以分为以下两大类\nA. 竞争性抑制和非竞争性抑制\nB. 混合性抑制和反竞争性抑制\nC. 竞争性抑制和反竞争性抑制\nD. 可逆性抑制和不可逆性抑制"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1103",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "阿可匹林抑制血小板聚集，主要作用于\nA. 环氧化酶\nB. 血栓素合成酶\nC. 碳脂酶A2\nD. 凝血酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1104",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列对结合胆红素的说法哪一项是错误的\nA. 不易透过生物膜\nB. 与重氮试剂呈直接反应阳性\nC. 随正常人尿液大量排出\nD. 主要是双葡萄全算胆红素酯"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1105",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "间质性肺炎的主要病变特点是\nA. 间质充血水肿，单核细胞和淋巴细胞浸润\nB. 间质充血水肿，中性粒细胞浸润\nC. 间质充血水肿，淋巴细胞浸润\nD. 间质充血水肿及出血现象"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1106",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "食物特殊动力作用最高的物质是\nA. 蛋白质\nB. 糖\nC. 脂肪\nD. 混合食物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1107",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列与脂肪酸氧化无关的物质是\nA. FAD\nB. NADP+\nC. CoASH\nD. NAD+"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1108",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于化脓性炎的叙述，不正确的是\nA. 黏膜的化脓性炎又可称为脓性卡他\nB. 蜂窝织炎是指弥漫性化脓性炎\nC. 表面化脓是指发生在浆膜、黏膜的化脓性炎\nD. 痈不是多个疖的融合"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1109",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不在线粒体内传递的电子是\nA. CYT P450\nB. CYT B\nC. CYT A3\nD. CYT C"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1110",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种物质不属于类脂\nA. 糖脂\nB. 胆固醇\nC. 卵磷脂\nD. 三酰甘油"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1111",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肝可将乳酸改造转变为下列物质，错误的是\nA. 转变为糖原贮存\nB. 转变为甘油三酯\nC. 转变为血中葡萄糖\nD. 转变为营养必需氨基酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1112",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列组织中不可能发生化生的是\nA. 神经纤维\nB. 肾盂黏膜上皮\nC. 结缔组织\nD. 鼻腔黏膜上皮"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1113",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "胞质中1MOL乳酸彻底氧化为H2O跟CO2，产生ATP的摩尔数可能是\nA. 12 13\nB. 11 12\nC. 9 10\nD. 14 15"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1114",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关酶蛋白或辅助因子\nA. 酶蛋白参与氢原子或电子的作用\nB. 一种酶蛋白可与多种辅助因子结合成全酶\nC. 酶蛋白或辅助因子单独存在时均有催化作用\nD. 一种酶蛋白只能与一种辅助因子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1115",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酶的特异性是指\nA. 酶催化反应的机制各不同\nB. 酶对其所催化的底物有特异的选择性\nC. 酶在细胞中的定位是特异性的\nD. 酶与辅酶特异的结合"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1116",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生物体可以直接利用的能量物质是\nA. ATP\nB. 磷酸肌酸\nC. FAD\nD. ADP"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1117",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关酶与温度的关系，错误的论述是\nA. 低温可降低酶的活性但不使酶破坏，温度回升时酶又恢复活性\nB. 从生物组织中提取酶时应在低温下操作\nC. 酶蛋白易变性，所以反应都应该在低温中进行\nD. 酶的最适温度与反应时间有关"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1118",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "糖原合成过程中的关键酶是\nA. 糖原合酶\nB. 分支酶\nC. 糖原磷酸化酶\nD. 己糖激酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1119",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "高分化鳞癌中最典型的特征是\nA. 细胞分裂象少\nB. 出现角化珠\nC. 实质与间质分界清楚\nD. 形成癌巢"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1120",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "患下列哪项疾病时，基础代谢率明显升高\nA. 红细胞增多症\nB. 糖尿病\nC. 甲状腺功能亢进\nD. 白血病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1121",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下疾病中不易发生癌变的是\nA. 结肠多发性腺瘤\nB. 十二指肠溃疡\nC. 萎缩性胃炎\nD. 交界痣"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1122",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于酶的活性中心的论述，错误的是\nA. 与酶活性有关的必需基团在一级结构上彼此靠近，形成活性中心\nB. 活性中心以外的必须基团与维持酶的特定空间构象有关\nC. 酶分子中的各种化学基团不一定都与酶活性有关\nD. 活性中心的结合基团与底物结合形成酶-底物复合物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1123",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下哪一组酶为糖酵解的关键酶\nA. 已糖激酶，果糖磷酸激酶-1，丙酮酸激酶\nB. 已糖激酶，醛缩酶，丙酮酸激酶\nC. 已糖激酶，果糖磷酸激酶-1，葡糖-6-磷酸酶\nD. 已糖激酶，果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶， 丙酮酸激酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1124",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "非竞争性抑制剂对酶促反应速度的影响是\nA. Km不变，Vmax下降\nB. Km下降，Vmax上升\nC. Km下降，Vmax下降\nD. Km上升，Vmax不变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1125",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "以下生理功能活动中存在负反馈调节的是\nA. 望梅止渴的过程\nB. 血糖维持稳定的过程\nC. 生理性止血的过程\nD. 膝跳反射的过程"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1126",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在肌肉组织中，氨基酸脱氨基的主要方式是\nA. 嘌呤核苷酸循环\nB. 转氨基作用\nC. 氧化脱氨基作用\nD. 直接脱氨基作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1127",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "1分子葡萄糖经磷酸戊糖途径转变为核糖-5-磷酸过程中，还可产生\nA. 2分子NADH+H+\nB. 1分子NADH+H+\nC. 2分子NADPH+H+\nD. 1分子NADPH+H+"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1128",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在生物氧化中NAD+的作用是\nA. 递氢\nB. 脱羧\nC. 加氢\nD. 递电子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1129",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "漏出性出血的发生机制是由于\nA. 血管壁周围病变侵犯\nB. 毛细血管壁通透性增加\nC. 组织的渗透压增高\nD. 血浆胶体渗透压降低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1130",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "磺胺类药物的类似物是\nA. 叶酸\nB. 二氢叶酸\nC. 对氨基苯甲酸\nD. 四氢叶酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1131",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "糖酵解过程中，下列哪一反应过程为耗能阶段\nA. 葡萄糖→果糖1，6-二磷酸\nB. 果糖-1，6-二磷酸→磷酸丙糖\nC. 丙酮酸→乳酸\nD. 磷酸丙糖→丙酮酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1132",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于风湿性肉芽肿的叙述，错误的是\nA. 多发生于心肌间质血管旁\nB. 中心部位有较多纤维蛋白\nC. 特征性细胞是 Aschoff 细胞\nD. 常伴有淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1133",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种酶是糖酵解和糖异生途径中共有的\nA. 甘油醛-3-磷酸酶\nB. 丙酮酸羧化酶\nC. 已糖激酶\nD. 丙酮酸激酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1134",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "全酶是指\nA. 酶-抑制剂复合物\nB. 酶蛋白-辅助因子复合物\nC. 酶-底物复合物\nD. 酶-别构剂复合物"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1135",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于小叶性肺炎，错误的是\nA. 病灶融合为肺肉质变\nB. 可由多种细菌引起\nC. 常是某些疾病的并发症\nD. 易激发肺的细菌和病毒感染"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1136",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "正常人血浆中下列胆红素量很低\nA. 游离胆红素\nB. 间接胆红素\nC. 胆红素-清蛋白\nD. 结合胆红素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1137",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "右心衰竭时组织液生成增加而致水肿，主要原因是\nA. 组织液静水压降低\nB. 组织胶体渗透压增高\nC. 毛细血管血压增高\nD. 血浆胶体渗透压降低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1138",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "颈动脉窦压力感受器反射属于\nA. 神经—体液调节\nB. 自身调节\nC. 体液调节\nD. 神经调节"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1139",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "呼吸阻力中非弹性阻力的主要成分是\nA. 气道阻力\nB. 组织粘滞阻力\nC. 肺回缩力\nD. 肺泡表面张力"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1140",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "甘油-3-磷酸穿梭机制中3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶在胞质中的辅酶是\nA. FAD\nB. NAD+\nC. COQ\nD. FMN"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1141",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于PH酶促反应速度影响的论述，错误的是\nA. PH过高或过低可使酶发生变性\nB. 最适PH是酶的特性常数\nC. 最适PH不是酶的特性常数\nD. PH影响酶、底物或辅助因子的解离度，从而影响酶促反应速度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1142",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种离子能激活唾液淀粉酶的活性\nA. Zn2+\nB. Mg2+\nC. K+\nD. CL-"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1143",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酶与一般催化剂的区别是\nA. 只能加速热力学上可以进行的反应\nB. 不改变化学反应的平衡点\nC. 具有高度特异性\nD. 缩短达到化学平衡的时间"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1144",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有机磷农药中毒时，下列哪一种酶受到抑制\nA. 已糖激酶\nB. 胆碱酯酶\nC. 乳酸脱氢酶\nD. 碳酸酐酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1145",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于胆碱酯酶的描述不正确的是\nA. 可受有机磷化合物抑制\nB. 是催化乙酰胆碱水解的酶\nC. 属典型的巯基酶\nD. 该酶失活，可造成乙酰胆碱在体内过多堆积而中毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1146",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "磷酸戊糖途径的主要产物是\nA. NADPH+H+和FADH2\nB. NADPH+H+和核糖-5-磷酸\nC. NADPH+H+和甘油-3-磷酸\nD. NADPH+H+和葡糖-6-磷酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1147",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "冈崎片段产生的原因是\nA. 复制与解链方向相反\nB. 双向复制\nC. 复制中DNA有缠绕打结现象\nD. DNA复制速度太快"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1148",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "高血压病时，细小动脉硬化的主要病理改变是\nA. 内膜结缔组织增生\nB. 内膜胆固醇沉着\nC. 管壁玻璃样变\nD. 内膜弹力纤维增生"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1149",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "抑制动脉粥样硬化症发病的因素是\nA. 极低密度脂蛋白\nB. 胆固醇\nC. 低密度脂蛋白\nD. 高密度脂蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1150",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于糖酵解的正确描述是\nA. 在细胞质中进行\nB. 生成38分子ATP\nC. 全过程是可逆的\nD. 不消耗ATP"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1151",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有机磷杀虫剂对胆碱酯酶的抑制作用属于\nA. 反竞争性抑制作用\nB. 非竞争性抑制作用\nC. 不可逆性抑制作用\nD. 竞争性抑制作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1152",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "符合辅酶的叙述是\nA. 不能用透析与酶蛋白分开\nB. 参与氢原子、电子或化学基团的传递\nC. 决定酶的特异性\nD. 不参与活性部位的组成"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1153",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关原发性高血压的叙述，错误的是\nA. 高血压晚期的肾脏常为颗粒性固缩肾\nB. 高血压可继发糖尿病\nC. 高血压病常引起左心室肥大\nD. 高血压常引起下肢坏疽"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1154",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "反竞争性抑制作用的描述正确的是\nA. 抑制剂既与酶相结合又与酶-底物复合物相结合\nB. 抑制剂使酶促反应的Km值降低，Vmax升高\nC. 抑制剂只与酶-底物复合物结合\nD. 抑制剂使酶促反应的Km值升高，Vmax降低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1155",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酶与一般催化剂具有以下共性，例外的是\nA. 不能改变反应平衡点\nB. 降低反应活化能\nC. 反应前后自身没有质与量的改变\nD. 由特定构想的活性中心发挥作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1156",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "葡糖-6-磷酸→葡萄糖酸-6-磷酸，需要参与的辅酶是\nA. FMN\nB. NAD+\nC. NADP+\nD. FAD"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1157",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "1分子乙酰辅酶A经三羧酸循环氧化可产生ATP分子数\nA. 9\nB. 15\nC. 11\nD. 10"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1158",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质在体内氧化成CO2及H2O时生成ATP最多的是\nA. 乳酸\nB. 丙酮酸\nC. 谷氨酸\nD. 草酰乙酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1159",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于前馈控制的叙述中，正确的是\nA. 常在局部和短时间内发挥作用\nB. 具有滞后和波动的缺点\nC. 具有预见性，适应范围大\nD. 前馈控制不会发生失误"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1160",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "饥饿时肝中哪个代谢途径加强\nA. 糖异生\nB. 脂肪的合成\nC. 糖酵解\nD. 糖有氧氧化"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1161",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "1分子软脂酸彻底氧化分解，净产生多少分子ATP\nA. 127\nB. 128\nC. 106\nD. 131"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1162",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "干性坏疽与湿性坏疽的区别在于前者\nA. 全身中毒症状严重\nB. 与正常组织分界清楚\nC. 静脉回流通畅\nD. 好发生于四肢末端"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1163",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的赘生物脱落后最常见的栓塞部位是\nA. 脾\nB. 皮肤\nC. 脑\nD. 肾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1164",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "胰岛素降低血糖是多方面的综合作用效果，但不包括\nA. 抑制糖原的分解\nB. 加强糖原的合成\nC. 加强脂肪动员\nD. 加速糖的有氧氧化"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1165",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "三羧酸循环的起始反应是\nA. 乙酰辅酶A与二氧化碳缩合\nB. 乙酰辅酶A与草酰乙酸缩合\nC. 丙酮酸与草酰乙酸缩合\nD. 丙酮酸与二氧化碳缩合"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1166",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "温度对酶促反应速度影响的论述，正确的是\nA. 最适温度是酶的特性常数，与反应时间无关\nB. 温度升高反应速度加快，与一般催化剂完全相同\nC. 低温可使大多数酶发生变性而使酶活性降低\nD. 最适温度不是酶的特性常数，延长反应时间，其最适温度降低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1167",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "液化性坏死常见于\nA. 脑\nB. 肾脏\nC. 小肠\nD. 心脏"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1168",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪项情况下可以发生代谢性酸中毒\nA. 低血钾\nB. 肾小管NH生成过多\nC. 醛固酮分泌过少\nD. 通气过度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1169",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "浦肯野纤维细胞和心室肌细胞动作电位的区别主要是\nA. 4期自动除极有无\nB. 1期形成机制不同\nC. 3期复极速度不同\nD. 平台期持续时间相差较大"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1170",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "动脉粥样硬化复合病变中最危险的并发症是\nA. 血栓的形成\nB. 钙化\nC. 斑块内出血\nD. 动脉瘤的形成"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1171",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "三酰甘油的主要功能是\nA. 储能供能\nB. 是构成神经组织的成分\nC. 是构成生物膜的成分\nD. 是体液的主要成分"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1172",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "原发性高血压脑出血最常见的部位是\nA. 蛛网膜下隙\nB. 大脑皮质\nC. 内囊和基底核\nD. 豆状核和丘脑"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1173",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "急性炎症病灶中渗出的炎细胞主要是\nA. 单核细胞\nB. 中性粒细胞\nC. 淋巴细胞\nD. 嗜酸性粒细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1174",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "交感缩血管纤维分布最密集的血管是\nA. 冠状血管\nB. 脑动脉\nC. 骨骼肌血管\nD. 皮肤血管"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1175",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在心肌组织中，哪一种乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的含量最高\nA. LDH1\nB. LDH3\nC. LDH4\nD. LDH2"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1176",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与形成窦道有关的病变是\nA. 肛门直肠脓肿穿破皮肤\nB. 胃黏膜坏死脱落\nC. 深部组织脓肿穿破皮肤\nD. 食管癌穿破至气管"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1177",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "小叶性肺炎是\nA. 纤维素性炎\nB. 化脓性炎\nC. 急性浆液性炎\nD. 间质性肺炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1178",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肌肉中产生的氨在血液中的运输形式是\nA. 尿素\nB. 谷氨酰胺\nC. 丙氨酸\nD. NH3"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1179",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的论述，正确的是\nA. 它们的电泳行为相同\nB. 它们对同一底物有不同的Km值\nC. 它们在人体各组织器官的分布无显著差别\nD. M亚基和H亚基在乳酸脱氢酶同工酶中分布一样"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1180",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "具有抑制糖异生作用的激素是\nA. 胰高血糖素\nB. 肾上腺素\nC. 肾上腺皮质激素\nD. 胰岛素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1181",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关非竞争性抑制作用的论述，正确的是\nA. 酶与底物、抑制剂可同时结合，但不影响其释放出产物\nB. 抑制剂与酶结合后，不影响酶与底物的结合\nC. 改变Km值\nD. 不改变酶促反应的最大限度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1182",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血浆中脂类物质的运输形式是\nA. 球蛋白\nB. 核蛋白\nC. 糖蛋白\nD. 脂蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1183",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质彻底氧化时，生成30或32分子ATP式是哪一个\nA. 葡萄糖\nB. 丙酮酸\nC. 柠檬酸\nD. 硬脂酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1184",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种氨基酸脱氨基生成的α-酮酸是三羧酸循环的中间产物\nA. 丙氨酸\nB. 谷氨酸\nC. 赖氨酸\nD. 亮氨酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1185",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "α-酮戊二酸彻底氧化成CO2和H2O，可生成多少分子ATP\nA. 8\nB. 12\nC. 20\nD. 9"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1186",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "竞争性抑制剂对酶促反应速度影响是\nA. Km下降，Vmax上升\nB. Km上升，Vmax不变\nC. Km不变，Vmax下降\nD. Km下降，Vmax下降"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1187",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "神经处于静息电位时\nA. 没有K外流也没有Na内流\nB. 既有K外流也有少量Na内流\nC. 仅有少量K外流\nD. 仅有少量Na内流"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1188",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "心室肌细胞动作电位快速复极末期的原因\nA. Ca2+内流\nB. Na+内流\nC. Cl-内流\nD. K+外流"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1189",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "已知受血者血型为B型，在交又配血试验中主侧不凝集，次侧凝集，供血者血型可能是\nA. B型\nB. AB型\nC. A型\nD. O型"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1190",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对于结合酶来说，决定反应特异性的是\nA. 辅酶\nB. 全酶\nC. 酶蛋白\nD. 金属离子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1191",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列生化反应主要在线粒体中进行的是\nA. 脂肪酸合成\nB. 甘油磷脂合成\nC. 脂肪酸-氧化\nD. 三酰甘油合成"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1192",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪个为糖异生过程中的关键酶\nA. 醛缩酶\nB. 丙酮酸激酶\nC. 果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶\nD. 烯醇化酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1193",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "含有维生素B1的辅酶是\nA. CoA\nB. TPP\nC. NAD+\nD. FAD"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1194",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "某人潮气量为500ml， 生理无效腔为150ml， 呼吸频率为18次/分，此时每分肺泡通气量为\nA. 8850ml\nB. 6000ml\nC. 9000ml\nD. 6300ml"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1195",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪一种组织中缺乏高活性的甘油激酶，不能很好地利用甘油\nA. 脂肪组织\nB. 心\nC. 肠\nD. 肾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1196",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪些抑制作用属竞争性抑制作用\nA. 敌敌畏对胆碱酯酶的抑制作用\nB. 磺胺类药物对细菌体内二氢叶酸合成酶的抑制作用\nC. 氰化物对细胞色素氧化酶的抑制作用\nD. 砷化合物对巯基酶的抑制作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1197",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血中哪一种胆红素增加会使尿红素定性试验呈阳性反应\nA. 结合胆红素\nB. 游离胆红素\nC. 未结合胆红素\nD. 间接反映胆红素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1198",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "有关竞争性抑制剂的论述，错误的是\nA. 抑制程度只与抑制剂的浓度有关\nB. 在结构上与底物相似\nC. 与酶的结合是可逆的\nD. 与酶的活性中心相结合"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1199",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "1分子乳酸彻底氧化生成ATP分子数\nA. 20\nB. 36\nC. 14\nD. 15"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1200",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "最容易受毒性代谢产物损伤的器官是\nA. 肾脏\nB. 肺脏\nC. 肝脏\nD. 脾脏"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1201",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于酶活性中心的叙述，错误的是\nA. 必须基团可位于活性中心区域之内，也可位于活性中心之外\nB. 一般来说，形成酶活性中心的必须基团总是在多肽链的一级结构上相对集中的相邻的几个氨基酸的残基上\nC. 当底物分子与酶分子相接触时，可引起酶活性中心的构象改变\nD. 酶与底物接触只限于酶分子上与酶活性密切有关的较小区域"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1202",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对胃肠平滑肌收缩节律起决定性作用的是\nA. 平滑肌本身的节律\nB. 慢波的频率\nC. 动作电位的频率\nD. 动作电位的数值"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1203",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列那一种酶不参与糖异生过程\nA. 丙酮酸激酶\nB. 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶\nC. 丙酮酸羧化酶\nD. 果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1204",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "影响酶促反应速度的因素不包括\nA. 酶的浓度\nB. 反应环境的PH\nC. 反应温度\nD. 酶原的浓度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1205",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "高渗性脱水时，下列哪段小管液的渗透压可为低渗\nA. 内髓集合管\nB. 近端小管后半段\nC. 肾小囊超滤液\nD. 髓袢升支粗短末"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1206",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "不参与糖酵解作用的酶是\nA. 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶\nB. 果糖磷酸激酶-1\nC. 丙酮酸激酶\nD. 己糖激酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1207",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "急性炎症局部疼痛发生的主要原因是\nA. 局部充血及血流量增多\nB. 局部组织的变性及坏死\nC. 细胞增生压迫神经末梢\nD. 渗出压迫及炎症介质刺激"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1208",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酶的活性中心是\nA. 酶发挥催化作用的部位\nB. 酶蛋白分子与辅酶结合的部位\nC. 酶的必需基团在空间结构上集中形成的一个区域，能与特定的底物结合并使之转化为产物的部位\nD. 酶分子表面具有解离基团的部位"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1209",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于蜂窝织炎的叙述，正确的是\nA. 细菌不容易经组织间隙、淋巴管和血道蔓延扩散\nB. 常由草绿色链球菌感染引起\nC. 病变特点与链球菌分泌的链激酶和透明质酸酶有关\nD. 常见部位是内脏器官、肌肉和阑尾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1210",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "心力衰竭细胞是指\nA. 心力衰竭时肺泡内含有含铁血黄素的巨噬细胞\nB. 心力衰竭时肺内吞噬炭末的巨噬细胞\nC. 心力衰竭时肺内的泡沫细胞\nD. 心力衰竭时出现的含脂褐素的心肌细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1211",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于肺气肿患者的临床表现，下面错误的是\nA. 桶状胸\nB. 低氧血症\nC. 逐渐加强的吸气性呼吸困难\nD. 胸透肺野透明度增加"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1212",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列有关类脂生理功能的叙述，正确的是\nA. 是体内理想的供能和储能物质\nB. 保持体温\nC. 是构成机体各种生物膜的重要成分\nD. 保护和固定重要脏器"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1213",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "感染是由以下哪项引起的炎症\nA. 物理因子\nB. 坏死组织\nC. 变态反应\nD. 生物性因子"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1214",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "生成组织液的有效率过压等于\nA. (血浆胶体渗透压+组织液胶体渗透压)-(毛细血管压+组织液静水压)\nB. (毛细血管压+组织液静水压)-(毛细血管压+组织液胶体渗透压)\nC. (毛细血管压+组织液胶体渗透压)-(血浆胶体渗透压+组织液静水压)\nD. (毛细血管压+血浆胶体渗透压)-(组织液胶体渗透压+组织液静水压)"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1215",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "辅酶FAD分子中含有下列哪种B族维生素\nA. 吡哆醛\nB. 烟酰胺\nC. 叶酸\nD. 核黄素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1216",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "体内最重要的脱氨基方式是\nA. 氨基转移作用\nB. 联合脱氨基作用\nC. 氧化脱氨基\nD. 还原脱氨基"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1217",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪些情况可使心输出量增加\nA. 颈动脉窦内压降低\nB. 由平卧位转为立体位\nC. 心率加快超出180次/分\nD. 心舒张末期容积减少"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1218",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "辅酶TPP分子中含有哪种B族维生素\nA. 核黄素\nB. 叶酸\nC. 烟酰胺\nD. 硫胺素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1219",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "急进型高血压时，增生性小动脉硬化及坏死性细动脉炎主要发生于\nA. 肾\nB. 心\nC. 肾上腺皮质激素\nD. 脾"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1220",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血管壁的玻璃样变性主要发生于\nA. 细动脉\nB. 中等动脉\nC. 大动脉\nD. 小动脉"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1221",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "乳糜微粒中含量最多的成分是\nA. 蛋白质\nB. 磷脂\nC. 胆固醇\nD. 三酰甘油"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1222",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列哪种情况下尿中出现蛋白质\nA. 滤过膜上裂孔素数量减少\nB. 滤过分数增加\nC. 小管液流速加速\nD. GFR增加"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1223",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "同量的下列物质在体内经彻底氧化后，释放能量最多的是\nA. 葡萄糖\nB. 蛋白质\nC. 糖原\nD. 脂肪"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1224",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "静息电位实测值小于K平衡电位的理论值，主要是由于静息时膜的\nA. Na有小量的通透性\nB. Ca有小量的通透性\nC. Mg有小量的通透性\nD. Cl有小量的通透性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1225",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "氧离曲线是指\nA. PO2与血液pH间关系的曲线\nB. PO2与血氧容量间关系的曲线\nC. PO2与血氧含量间关系的曲线\nD. PO2与血氧饱和度间关系的曲线"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1226",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "甘油-3-磷酸穿梭机制中， 3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶在线粒体中的辅基是\nA. NAD+\nB. FMN\nC. NADP+\nD. FAD"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1227",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "体内转运一碳单位的载体是\nA. 生物素\nB. SAM\nC. 四氢叶酸\nD. 叶酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1228",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于胆汁酸的错误说法是\nA. 由胆固醇生成\nB. 是胆色素的成分\nC. 是乳化剂\nD. 能经长干循环被重吸收"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1229",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "体内CO2直接来自\nA. 脂肪分解\nB. 呼吸链的氧化还原过程\nC. 有机酸的脱羧\nD. 糖原子分解"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1230",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于酶的活性中心错误说法是\nA. 活性中心就是酶的催化基团和结合基团集中形成的具有一定空间构象的区域\nB. 活性中心可跨越在两条多肽链上\nC. 活性中心可处在一条多肽链上\nD. 酶的必须基团就是酶的活性中心"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1231",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列为pH对酶促反应速度影响的论述，错误的是\nA. 胃蛋白酶的最适pH约为1.8\nB. 胰蛋白酶的最适pH接近8.0\nC. 人体内极大多数酶的最适pH约为1.8\nD. 酶的最适pH不受酶纯度与底物种类等的影响"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1232",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "细胞色素体系中能与CO和氰化物结合使电子不能传递给氧而使呼吸链中断的是\nA. 细胞色素A3\nB. 细胞色素B1\nC. 细胞色素C\nD. 细胞色素B"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1233",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "蛋白质与脂酸分解代谢的最终产物不同的是\nA. CO2\nB. ATP\nC. 尿素\nD. H2O"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1234",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "蛋白质的互补作用是指\nA. 脂和蛋白质的混合食用，以提高营养价值\nB. 不同种类的蛋白质混合食用，以提高营养价值\nC. 糖和蛋白质的混合食用，以提高营养价值\nD. 糖和脂的混合食用，以提高营养价值"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1235",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "潜水员从深水中过快地升向水面，容易发生\nA. 肺水肿\nB. 二氧化碳栓塞\nC. 肺不张\nD. 氮气栓塞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1236",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "脂肪酸-氧化包括连续四步反应，其反应顺序是\nA. 加水、脱氢、再脱氢、硫解\nB. 加水、脱氢、硫解、再脱氢\nC. 硫解、脱氢、加水、再脱氢\nD. 脱氢、加水、再脱氢、硫解"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1237",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "胆红素在肝脏中的转化主要是\nA. 与葡萄糖酸结合\nB. 与Y蛋白结合\nC. 与清蛋白结合\nD. 与葡萄糖醛酸结合"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1238",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "1NADH+H+经NADH氧化呼吸链传递，最后交给0.5O2生成水，在此过程中生成几分子ATP\nA. 4\nB. 3\nC. 2.5\nD. 1"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1239",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "影响一碳单位代谢的维生素是\nA. 维生素B6和四氢叶酸\nB. 维生素B6和泛酸\nC. 维生素B12 和四氢叶酸\nD. 叶酸和泛酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1240",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "通过转氨基作用可以产生\nA. NH3\nB. 非必需氨基酸\nC. 必需氨基酸\nD. 尿素"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1241",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "慢性炎症病灶内浸润的炎性细胞主要为\nA. 中性粒细胞和浆细胞\nB. 单核细胞和淋巴细胞\nC. 嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞\nD. 淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1242",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一般情况下影响舒张压最主要的因素是\nA. 外周阻力\nB. 每搏输出量\nC. 心率\nD. 大动脉管壁弹性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1243",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血中葡萄糖可直接来自\nA. 肌糖原分解和脂肪酸转变\nB. 吸收的糖和肝糖原分解\nC. 吸收的糖和肌糖原分解\nD. 肝糖原和肌糖原分解"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1244",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "氧离曲线右移时\nA. 血红蛋白与氧亲和力降低，氧的释放减少\nB. 血红蛋白与氧亲和力降低，氧的释放增加\nC. 血红蛋白与氧亲和力增高，氧的释放减少\nD. 血红蛋白与氧亲和力增高，氧的释放增加"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1245",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肝细胞中催化葡糖-6-磷酸生成葡萄糖的酶是\nA. 葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶\nB. 磷酸化酶\nC. 葡萄糖激酶\nD. 已糖激酶"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1246",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，23岁。因乏力10天、牙龈出血伴皮肤淤斑4 天入院，既往体健。化验血 Hb 76 g/L，WBC 25X10^9/L，Plt 29X10^9/L，骨髓增生明显活跃，原始细胞占60%，POX染色(-)，PAS染色(+)成块，NSE 染色(-)。该患者的诊断是\nA. 急性红白血病\nB. 急性粒细胞白血病\nC. 急性单核细胞白血病\nD. 急性淋巴细胞白血病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1247",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，18 岁。因头痛针刺合谷穴后，次日局部形成血肿。半年前曾因右膝关节轻度外伤而出血。该患者出血最可能的机制是\nA. 血小板功能缺陷\nB. 凝血功能异常\nC. 血管壁功能异常\nD. 血小板数减少"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1248",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "儿童肘部外伤后，鉴别肪骨踝上骨折和肘关节脱位最可靠的体征是\nA. 畸形\nB. 活动明显受限\nC. 肿胀明显\nD. 肘后三角关系改变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1249",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "糖酵解途径所指的反应过程是\nA. 葡萄糖转变成丙酮酸\nB. 葡萄糖转变成磷酸二经丙酮\nC. 葡萄糖转变成乙酷CoA\nD. 葡萄糖转变成乳酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1250",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，48 岁。1个月来气短、呼吸困难，1周来发热、咳嗽，B超发现“右侧大量胸腔积液”。近半年日渐消瘦。查体:T37.5C，R 21次/分，轻度贫血貌，高枕右侧卧位。该患者胸部叩诊不可能出现的体征是\nA. 右肺肝界下移\nB. 心界叩诊向左侧移位\nC. 右肺叩诊呈实音\nD. 右侧肺底移动度消失"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1251",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "可以作为一碳单位来源的氨基酸是\nA. 丙氨酸\nB. 丝氨酸\nC. 甲硫氨酸\nD. 亮氨酸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1252",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "发生在下列不同部位的纤维蛋白性炎症中，属于假膜性炎症的是\nA. 胸膜\nB. 肠黏膜\nC. 心包膜\nD. 关节滑膜"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1253",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "灭活睾酮的器官是\nA. 肺脏\nB. 肝脏\nC. 靶组织细胞\nD. 肾脏"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1254",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列对诊断肝硬化门脉高压症最有价值的体征是\nA. 肝脏质地坚硬\nB. 脾脏肿大\nC. 蜘蛛痣\nD. 腹壁静脉曲张"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1255",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于原核生物蛋白质合成的叙述，正确的是\nA. 核内合成，胞液加工\nB. 一条mRNA编码几种蛋白质\nC. 释放因子是eRF\nD. 80S核蛋白体参与合成"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1256",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "影响外周血管阻力的主要因素是\nA. 血液黏滞性\nB. 大动脉弹性\nC. 血管长度\nD. 小动脉口径"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1257",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，35 岁。乏力、心悸1年余，近2个月症状加重，伴厌食、消瘦、手颤。查体:甲状腺弥漫性肿大，心率 126 次/分，心律整。实验室检查提示 FT3、FT4 显著增高，TSH降低。该患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 多结节性毒性甲状腺肿\nB. 亚急性甲状腺炎\nC. 自身免疫甲状腺炎\nD. Graves 病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1258",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "特发性肺纤维化的 HRCT典型表现是\nA. 双肺斑片状磨玻璃影\nB. 双下肺和胸膜下分布为主的网状改变\nC. 病灶与周围正常组织形成鲜明对照的“地图状”改变\nD. 双肺结节状阴影"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1259",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质中，能够在底物水平上生成 GTP的是\nA. 琥珀酰CoA\nB. 乙酰CoA\nC. 丙二酸单酰CoA\nD. 脂肪酰 CoA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1260",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "ABO血型系统的主要抗体是\nA. I恼E\nB. IgM\nC. IgA\nD. IgG"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1261",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60 岁。反复咳喘40 余年，活动后气短 10 余年，间断双下肢水肿5 年，加重1天人院。吸烟史40 年。查体:嗜睡，口唇发，颈静脉怒张，桶状胸，双肺可闻及干湿啰音，心率110 次/分，心律整，肝肋下3.0cm，双下肢水肿。血气分析示pH 7.26，PaO2 45 mmHg，PaCO2 75 mmHg。下列治疗措施错误的是\nA. 应用无创呼吸机改善通气\nB. 积极控制感染\nC. 应用支气管舒张剂\nD. 应用5%碳酸氢钠纠正酸中毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1262",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肾上腺皮质功能减退时出现的变化是\nA. 血浆Na+ 浓度升高\nB. 血容量减少\nC. 血压升高\nD. 血浆K+ 浓度降低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1263",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在下列癌前病变中，癌变概率最高的是\nA. 黏膜白斑\nB. 未降睾丸\nC. 结节性肝硬化\nD. 结肠腺瘤性息肉病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1264",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，55岁。因结节性甲状腺肿行双侧甲状腺次全切除术，术后病理报告，右叶甲状腺有5mm乳头状癌结节。对此患者进一步的处理是\nA. 加用外照射治疗\nB. 终生口服甲状腺素钠\nC. 手术切除剩余的右叶甲状腺\nD. 切除右叶甲状腺加颈淋巴结清扫"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1265",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，45 岁。间断双下肢水肿伴蛋白尿 10 年，乏力、纳差、恶心1周，刷牙时牙龈出血伴皮肤碰后发青3天人院。人院时测血压 150/90 mmHg，化验血Hb 80 g/L， WBC 6.4X10^9/L， Plt 192*10^9/L。尿蛋白(++)，尿比重 1.010，尿糖(±)，偶见颗粒管型。血 Cr 707 $\\mu$mol/L。该患者出血倾向最可能的原因是\nA. 凝血因子缺乏\nB. 血管脆性增加\nC. 纤溶亢进\nD. 血小板功能减低"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1266",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酒精中毒时，肝细胞内出现马洛里小体(Mallory body)，其病变性质是\nA. 纤维素样变性\nB. 水样变性\nC. 脂肪变性\nD. 玻璃样变性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1267",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，45 岁。间断双下肢水肿伴蛋白尿 10 年，乏力、纳差、恶心1周，刷牙时牙龈出血伴皮肤碰后发青3天人院。人院时测血压 150/90 mmHg，化验血Hb 80 g/L， WBC 6.4X10^9/L， Plt 192*10^9/L。尿蛋白(++)，尿比重 1.010，尿糖(±)，偶见颗粒管型。血 Cr 707 $\\mu$mol/L。该患者贫血最可能的原因是\nA. 失血因素\nB. 营养性造血原料不足\nC. 慢性溶血\nD. 红细胞生成素减少"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1268",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "别嘌呤醇治疗痛风的可能机制是\nA. 抑制脱氧核糖核酸的生成\nB. 促进dUMP的甲基化\nC. 抑制黄嘌吟氧化酶\nD. 促进尿酸生成的逆反应"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1269",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "酶 $K_m$值的大小所代表的含义是\nA. 最适的酶浓度\nB. 酶抑制剂的类型\nC. 酶对底物的亲和力\nD. 酶促反应的速度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1270",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "凝血酶的主要作用是\nA. 分解因子 I\nB. 激活因子 X III\nC. 活化血小板\nD. 激活因子 VIII"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1271",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，23岁。间断上腹痛2年，2天来柏油样便6次，今晨呕咖啡样物 200 mL。无肝病史。静脉输液后下一步诊治措施首选\nA. 腹部B型超声检查\nB. 急诊上消化道造影\nC. 急诊胃镜及镜下止血\nD. 外科手术"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1272",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，35 岁。乏力、心悸1年余，近2个月症状加重，伴厌食、消瘦、手颤。查体:甲状腺弥漫性肿大，心率 126 次/分，心律整。实验室检查提示 FT3、FT4 显著增高，TSH降低。为进一步确诊，下列检查项目中意义最大的是\nA. 甲状腺核素显像\nB. ${ }^{131} \\mathrm{I}$ 摄取率\nC. 甲状腺B超\nD. 促甲状腺激素受体抗体"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1273",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在下列病变中，含铁血黄素主要出现于\nA. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征\nB. 小叶性肺炎\nC. 肺褐色硬化\nD. 间质性肺炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1274",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，68 岁。3 年前诊断为 COPD，未规律治疗。2小时前无明显诱因突感左胸剧痛，继之呼吸困难、发维、大汗、烦躁。查体:BP 90/60 mmHg，气管右移，左肺呼吸音减弱，未闻及干湿性嘤音。最可能的诊断是\nA. 自发性气胸\nB. 肺栓塞\nC. 肺炎并发胸膜炎\nD. 急性心肌梗死"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1275",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "RNA编辑所涉及的反应过程是\nA. RNA合成后的加工过程\nB. RNA聚合酶识别模板的过程\nC. tRNA反密码对密码的识别过程\nD. DNA指导的RNA合成过程"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1276",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列胆囊疾病中，与胆囊癌发病无关的是\nA. 胆囊胆固醇息肉\nB. 胆囊结石>2cm\nC. 胆囊腺瘤\nD. “瓷化”胆囊"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1277",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断中，免疫组织化学染色角蛋白阳性，波形蛋白阴性，该肿瘤最可能的诊断是\nA. 神经内分泌肿瘤\nB. 肉瘤\nC. 癌\nD. 黑色素瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1278",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对中国人直肠癌，直肠指诊的发现率是\nA. 40%\nB. 60%\nC. 70%\nD. 50%"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1279",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于肾脏重吸收和分泌 $\\mathrm{K}^{+}$的叙述， 正确的是\nA. 远端肾小管分泌 $K^{+}$， 但不重吸收 $K^{+}$\nB. 近端肾小管重吸收 $25 \\% \\sim 30 \\%$ 的 $\\mathrm{K}^{+}$\nC. 远曲小管分泌 $\\mathrm{K}^{+}$受醛固酮调节\nD. 髓袢重吸收 $65 \\% \\sim 70 \\%$ 的 $\\mathrm{K}^{+}$"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1280",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于气体在血液中运输的叙述， 错误的是\nA. $\\mathrm{CO}_2$ 主要以 $\\mathrm{HCO}_3^{-}$形式运输\nB. $\\mathrm{O}_2$ 和 $\\mathrm{Hb}$ 结合反应快并需酶催化\nC. $\\mathrm{CO}_2$ 和 $\\mathrm{O}_2$ 都有物理溶解形式\nD. $\\mathrm{CO}_2$ 和 $\\mathrm{Hb}$ 结合不需要酶的催化"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1281",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "唾液淀粉酶发挥作用的最适 pH是\nA. 6.0~7.0\nB. 4.0~5.0\nC. 8.0~9.0\nD. 2.0~3.0"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1282",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "胃和小肠都具有的运动形式是\nA. 紧张性收缩\nB. 容受性舒张\nC. 分节运动\nD. 袋状往返运动"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1283",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "窦房结能成为心脏正常起搏点的原因是\nA. 阈电位为-40mV\nB. 静息电位仅为一70mV\nC. 4期去极化速率快\nD. 0期去极化速度快"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1284",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "当睫状肌收缩时， 可引起的生理效应是\nA. 角膜曲度增加\nB. 晶状体曲度增加\nC. 瞳孔增大\nD. 睫状小带紧张性增加"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1285",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "能够逆向转运胆固醇到肝的脂蛋白是\nA. CM\nB. LDL\nC. VLDL\nD. HDL"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1286",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "镜下坏死组织结构的轮廓消失，呈现一片嗜酸性颗粒状物，其坏死类型是\nA. 凝固性坏死\nB. 干酪样坏死\nC. 液化性坏死\nD. 脂肪坏死"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1287",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60 岁。反复咳喘40 余年，活动后气短 10 余年，间断双下肢水肿5 年，加重1天人院。吸烟史40 年。查体:嗜睡，口唇发，颈静脉怒张，桶状胸，双肺可闻及干湿啰音，心率110 次/分，心律整，肝肋下3.0cm，双下肢水肿。血气分析示pH 7.26，PaO2 45 mmHg，PaCO2 75 mmHg。经治疗后病情有好转，神志清醒。数日后出现烦躁，有时抽搐，血气分析 pH 7.49，PaO2 45mmHg，PaCO2 75mmHg，BE+15 mmol/L，上述情况最可能是\nA. 失代偿性代谢性碱中毒\nB. 呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性碱中毒\nC. 失代偿性呼吸性酸中毒\nD. 呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1288",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，55 岁。10 天前行胃癌根治术，术后3 天拔除胃管开始进流食。3 天来进食后半小时出现右上腹胀痛，伴呕吐，吐出物为大量胆汁，吐后症状缓解。此患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 吻合口梗阻\nB. 慢性输入袢梗阻\nC. 急性输入袢梗阻\nD. 输出袢梗阻"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1289",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，23岁。因乏力10天、牙龈出血伴皮肤淤斑4 天入院，既往体健。化验血 Hb 76 g/L，WBC 25X10^9/L，Plt 29X10^9/L，骨髓增生明显活跃，原始细胞占60%，POX染色(-)，PAS染色(+)成块，NSE 染色(-)。提示该患者预后差的染色体异常是\nA. t(16;16)\nB. t(9;22)\nC. t(8;21)\nD. t(15;17)"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1290",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，50岁。胃溃疡病史 10 年，近2个月患者腹痛加重，失去规律，经多种药物治疗无效体重下降。查体:浅表淋巴结无肿大，腹平软，上腹部有压痛。根据诊断，最佳的处理方法是\nA. 手术治疗\nB. 质子泵抑制剂治疗\nC. 根除幽门螺杆菌\nD. 胃黏膜保护剂治疗"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1291",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "最常见的原发性恶性骨肿瘤是\nA. 骨肉瘤\nB. 骨纤维肉瘤\nC. 尤文肉瘤\nD. 软骨肉瘤"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1292",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，62 岁。患高血压病 10 年，2个月来发作性心悸，心电图诊断为心房颤动，持续 5~24 小时自行恢复。4天前再次发作后持续不缓解来院。查体：BP 125/70 mmHg，心率90次/分对该患者正确的治疗措施是\nA. 立即采取电转复\nB. 经胸 UCG检查心房内无血栓即可转复\nC. 华法林抗凝3周后转复\nD. 立即静脉输注胺碘酮转复"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1293",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列治疗风湿病的非笛体抗炎药物中，胃肠道不良反应最小的是\nA. 炎痛喜康\nB. 双氯芬酸\nC. 萘普生\nD. 塞来昔布"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1294",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，50岁。胃溃疡病史 10 年，近2个月患者腹痛加重，失去规律，经多种药物治疗无效体重下降。查体:浅表淋巴结无肿大，腹平软，上腹部有压痛。为明确诊断，最有意义的检查是\nA. 类隐血试验\nB. 胃镜检查\nC. 餐造影\nD. 血清胃泌素测定"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1295",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列涉及G蛋白耦联受体信号的主要途径是\nA. 雌激素-核受体信号途径\nB. 丝/苏氨酸激酶受体信号途径\nC. 酪氨酸激酶受体信号途径\nD. CAMP-PKA信号途径"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1296",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列情况中，能够使肺通气/血流比值增高最明显的是\nA. 支气管哮喘发作\nB. 肺水肿\nC. 肺纤维化形成\nD. 肺栓塞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1297",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "原发性醛固酮增多症首选的治疗方法是\nA. 氨苯蝶啶\nB. 手术治疗\nC. 螺内醋\nD. 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1298",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列可以导致原癌基因激活的机制是\nA. p53蛋白诱导细胞凋亡\nB. 获得启动子\nC. 转录因子与RNA的结合\nD. 抑癌基因的过表达"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1299",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "颈椎病中发病率最高的类型是\nA. 交感型\nB. 神经根型\nC. 椎动脉型\nD. 脊髓型"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1300",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "腱器官传人冲动增加所引起的效应是\nA. 使梭外肌收缩增强\nB. 对同一肌肉的 $\\gamma$ 运动神经元起抑制作用\nC. 对同一肌肉的 $\\alpha$ 运动神经元起抑制作用\nD. 使梭内肌收缩增强"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1301",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "交感神经系统兴奋时，引起的生理效应是\nA. 瞳孔开大肌收缩\nB. 支气管平滑肌收缩\nC. 胃肠运动增强\nD. 促进胰岛素的分泌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1302",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肠梗阻患者不宜使用的麻醉药是\nA. 异氟烷\nB. 氧化亚氮\nC. 恩氟烷\nD. 七氟烷"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1303",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "血液流经肾小球时，促进原尿生成的直接动力是\nA. 肾小球毛细血管压\nB. 肾动脉压\nC. 血浆胶体渗透压\nD. 全身平均动脉压"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1304",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列疾病中，属于原发性心肌病范畴的是\nA. 围产期心肌病\nB. 自身免疫性心肌病\nC. 致心律失常型右室心肌病\nD. 酒精性心肌病"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1305",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "目前外科治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症主要目的是\nA. 改善肝功能\nB. 解除脾功能亢进\nC. 预防和治疗曲张静脉出血\nD. 减少腹水形成"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1306",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，45 岁。间断双下肢水肿伴蛋白尿 10 年，乏力、纳差、恶心1周，刷牙时牙龈出血伴皮肤碰后发青3天人院。人院时测血压 150/90 mmHg，化验血Hb 80 g/L， WBC 6.4X10^9/L， Plt 192*10^9/L。尿蛋白(++)，尿比重 1.010，尿糖(±)，偶见颗粒管型。血 Cr 707 $\\mu$mol/L。该患者血肌酥升高的最可能病因是\nA. 高血压病肾损害\nB. 慢性肾小球肾炎\nC. 糖尿病肾病\nD. 肾病综合征"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1307",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "神经冲动到达肌接头前膜时，引起开放的通道是\nA. K+通道\nB. Ca2+通道\nC. CI-通道\nD. Na+通道"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1308",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "目前基因治疗主要采用的方法是\nA. 提高患者的DNA合成能力\nB. 调整患者 DNA 修复的酶类\nC. 对患者缺陷基因进行重组\nD. 将表达目的基因的细胞输入患者体内"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1309",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肠结核溃疡的形态特征取决于\nA. 肠黏膜淋巴管的走向\nB. 肠黏膜淋巴小结的形态\nC. 肠黏膜血管的走向\nD. 肠黏膜的皱壁形态"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1310",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "红细胞悬浮稳定性降低的原因是\nA. 血浆白蛋白增多\nB. 红细胞脆性增加\nC. 红细胞叠连加速\nD. 血浆纤维蛋白原减少"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1311",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列原癌基因中，以点突变为主要激活方式成为癌基因的是\nA. ras\nB. myc\nC. cyclinD1l\nD. PDGF"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1312",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "对广泛 DNA 损伤进行紧急、粗糙高错误率的修复方式是\nA. SOS修复\nB. 切除修复\nC. 光修复\nD. 重组修复"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1313",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "甲状腺激素的化学本质是\nA. 肤类\nB. 类固醇类\nC. 胺类\nD. 糖蛋白"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1314",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在伤口愈合时，对增加伤口愈合强度起主要作用的因素是\nA. 良好的血供\nB. 毛细血管\nC. 细胞外基质\nD. 成纤维细胞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1315",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "急性非 ST段抬高心肌梗死治疗时不宜采用溶栓疗法的主要原因是\nA. 病情危急程度较轻\nB. 冠脉阻塞不完全\nC. 冠脉痉挛是发病的主要因素\nD. 冠脉内主要是白血栓"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1316",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列急性胸部损伤中，对生命威胁最大的是\nA. 闭合性气胸\nB. 开放性气胸\nC. 张力性气胸\nD. 血气胸"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1317",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "原核生物基因组的特点是\nA. 转录产物是多顺反子\nB. 线粒体 DNA为环状结构\nC. 核小体是其基本组成单位\nD. 基因的不连续性"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1318",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "雌激素和孕激素作用的相同点是\nA. 促进乳腺导管增生和延长\nB. 减少宫颈黏液的分泌\nC. 使子宫输卵管平滑肌活动减弱\nD. 使子宫内膜变厚"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1319",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在血吸虫病中，给患者造成最大危害的因素是\nA. 虫卵\nB. 尾蜘\nC. 童虫\nD. 成虫"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1320",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "一例甲状腺肿瘤，呈浸润性生长。镜下见癌细胞呈滤泡状排列，细胞核呈毛玻璃状，核重叠核沟明显。应诊断为\nA. 滤泡状癌\nB. 乳头状癌\nC. 髓样癌\nD. 未分化癌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1321",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "伴有血流动力学紊乱的大面积肺栓塞的栓治疗时间窗是\nA. <=3天\nB. <=7天\nC. <=30天\nD. <=14天"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1322",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "声波由鼓膜经听骨链传向卵圆窗时出现的振动变化是\nA. 幅度减小， 压强减小\nB. 幅度增大， 压强增大\nC. 幅度增大， 压强减小\nD. 幅度减小， 压强增大"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1323",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，50岁。体重60 kg，行胃癌根治术，其术后每日需要最合适的热量是\nA. 1500 kcal\nB. 1800 kcal\nC. 1950 kcal\nD. 1650 kcal"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1324",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，82岁。体型较消瘦，3 个月前口服葡萄糖耐量试验诊为糖尿病，平时空腹血糖6.5~7.2mmol/L，餐后2小时血糖12~14 mmol/L，有冠心病心衰病史10年，结肠癌术后 5年。为控制血糖，应首选的药物是\nA. 胰岛素\nB. 那格列奈\nC. 阿卡波糖\nD. 二甲双肌"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1325",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，23岁。因乏力10天、牙龈出血伴皮肤淤斑4 天入院，既往体健。化验血 Hb 76 g/L，WBC 25X10^9/L，Plt 29X10^9/L，骨髓增生明显活跃，原始细胞占60%，POX染色(-)，PAS染色(+)成块，NSE 染色(-)。该患者首选的治疗方案是\nA. COP\nB. ABVD\nC. DVLP\nD. DA"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1326",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列物质代谢调节方式中，属于快速调节的是\nA. 酶的别构调节\nB. 酶蛋白的降解作用\nC. 酶蛋白的诱导合成\nD. 产物对酶合成的阻遏作用"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1327",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "椎管内阻滞麻醉时，最先受到阻滞的神经是\nA. 运动神经\nB. 交感神经\nC. 副交感神经\nD. 感觉神经"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1328",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列临床上常见出现脉压减小的病变，不正确的是\nA. 主动脉瓣狭窄\nB. 重度二尖瓣关闭不全\nC. 心包积液\nD. 心力衰竭"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1329",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "下列关于动作电位的描述，正确的是\nA. 刺激强度达到闽值后，再增加刺激强度能使动作电位幅度增大\nB. 刺激强度小于闯值时，出现低幅度动作电位\nC. 传导距离较长时，动作电位的大小不发生改变\nD. 动作电位一经产生，便可沿细胞膜做电紧张性扩布"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1330",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "诊断腹腔隔室综合征(abdominalcompartment syndrome)时膀胱内测得的压力应大于\nA. 20 mmHg\nB. 10 mmHg\nC. 25 mmHg\nD. 15 mmHg"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1331",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在下列选项中，符合 IgA肾病镜下特征的病变是\nA. 肾小球内中性粒细胞浸润\nB. 肾小球毛细胞血管袢纤维素样坏死\nC. 肾小球系膜区细胞增生\nD. 肾小球内皮细胞增生"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1332",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在临床上，约有 40%的滤泡型淋巴瘤会转化为弥漫大 B细胞型淋巴瘤，其最常见的分子机制是\nA. bcr-abl融合基因形成\nB. ras基因突变\nC. p53基因突变\nD. myc基因扩增"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1333",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "心室肌收缩的后负荷是\nA. 快速射血期心室内压\nB. 减慢射血期心室内压\nC. 等容收缩期初心室内压\nD. 大动脉血压"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1334",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "关于二尖瓣狭窄心尖部舒张期杂音听诊特点的叙述，正确的是\nA. 向剑突方向传导\nB. 多为递增递减型\nC. 强度不受呼吸影响\nD. 为全舒张期"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1335",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，80岁。因突发全腹剧痛8 小时来院，途中频繁呕吐，随后出现气急、喘憋。既往有房颤史。入院查体;P 95 次/分，R 36 次/分，BP 84/60 mmHg，急性病容，呼吸急促，两肺均可闻及哮鸣音及湿啰音，右侧为著，心率120 次/分，节律不整，腹部膨隆，全腹均有压痛，右侧更明显，轻度反跳痛、肌紧张，肠鸣音弱。化验 Hb 124 g/L，WBC 30X10/L，中性粒细胞90%。患者的下列拟诊中可排除的是\nA. 肠系膜上动脉栓塞\nB. 上消化道穿孔\nC. 急性重症胰腺炎\nD. 乙状结肠扭转"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "D",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1336",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肝硬化失代偿期患者发生大呕血后出现的体征变化，正确的是\nA. 腹壁静脉曲张加重\nB. 腹水量明显减少\nC. 脾脏缩小\nD. 肝脏缩小"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1337",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "正常人体铁在消化道吸收的主要部位是\nA. 十二指肠\nB. 回肠\nC. 空肠下段\nD. 胃"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1338",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，60 岁。反复咳喘40 余年，活动后气短 10 余年，间断双下肢水肿5 年，加重1天人院。吸烟史40 年。查体:嗜睡，口唇发，颈静脉怒张，桶状胸，双肺可闻及干湿啰音，心率110 次/分，心律整，肝肋下3.0cm，双下肢水肿。血气分析示pH 7.26，PaO2 45 mmHg，PaCO2 75 mmHg。经治疗后症状好转出院，出院后应采取的措施不包括\nA. 长期口服小剂量糖皮质激素\nB. 长期使用长效支气管舒张剂\nC. 长期家庭氧疗\nD. 戒烟"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1339",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，50岁。胃溃疡病史 10 年，近2个月患者腹痛加重，失去规律，经多种药物治疗无效体重下降。查体:浅表淋巴结无肿大，腹平软，上腹部有压痛。就目前资料考虑，最可能的诊断是\nA. 胃溃疡复发\nB. 胃溃疡癌变\nC. 合并胃泌素瘤\nD. 复合性溃疡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1340",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与系统性红斑狼疮的发病无关的因素是\nA. 雄激素\nB. 化学试剂\nC. 紫外线照射\nD. 遗传"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1341",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "与幽门螺杆菌感染无关的疾病是\nA. 胃溃疡\nB. 胃炎\nC. 胃食管反流病\nD. 十二指肠溃疡"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1342",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "女性，35 岁。乏力、心悸1年余，近2个月症状加重，伴厌食、消瘦、手颤。查体:甲状腺弥漫性肿大，心率 126 次/分，心律整。实验室检查提示 FT3、FT4 显著增高，TSH降低。对该患者治疗，应首选的方法是\nA. ${ }^{131} \\mathrm{I}$治疗\nB. 咪哗类药物\nC. 手术治疗\nD. 碘制剂"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1343",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在下列叙述中，不会发生的化生是\nA. 纤维组织化生为软骨组织\nB. 柱状上皮化生为鳞状上皮\nC. 鳞状上皮化生为纤维组织\nD. 胃腺上皮化生为肠腺上皮"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1344",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "DNA理化性质中的“$T_m$”值所表达的含义是\nA. 复性时的温度\nB. 复制时的温度\nC. 50%双链被打开的温度\nD. 由B型转变成A型的温度"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1345",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，80岁。因突发全腹剧痛8 小时来院，途中频繁呕吐，随后出现气急、喘憋。既往有房颤史。入院查体;P 95 次/分，R 36 次/分，BP 84/60 mmHg，急性病容，呼吸急促，两肺均可闻及哮鸣音及湿啰音，右侧为著，心率120 次/分，节律不整，腹部膨隆，全腹均有压痛，右侧更明显，轻度反跳痛、肌紧张，肠鸣音弱。化验 Hb 124 g/L，WBC 30X10/L，中性粒细胞90%。患者突发严重喘憋最可能的原因是\nA. 急性心衰\nB. 哮喘发作\nC. 吸入性肺炎\nD. 肺栓塞"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1346",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，82 岁。前天饮酒后出现腹部胀痛，小便频，量少，逐渐加重。平时大便干燥，2~3天1次。查体:腹部膨隆，下腹为著，全腹压痛，下腹更重，肌紧张不明显，肠鸣音活跃。经肥皂水灌肠后，排出较多类块，腹痛无明显缓解。此患者最可能的诊断是\nA. 习惯性便秘\nB. 急性膀胱炎\nC. 急性尿潴留\nD. 乙状结肠扭转"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1347",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，35岁。因蛋白尿原因待查人院，24 小时尿蛋白定量3.8 g，血白蛋白30 g/L，肾活检示:轻度系膜增生性肾炎。该患者最不常见的并发症是\nA. 急性肾衰竭\nB. 肾静脉血栓形成\nC. 水、电解质紊乱\nD. 营养不良"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1348",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "肾小球源性血尿最常见的病因是\nA. 急性肾孟肾炎\nB. 慢性肾小球肾炎\nC. IgA肾病\nD. 急性肾小球肾炎"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "C",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1349",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，80岁。因突发全腹剧痛8 小时来院，途中频繁呕吐，随后出现气急、喘憋。既往有房颤史。入院查体;P 95 次/分，R 36 次/分，BP 84/60 mmHg，急性病容，呼吸急促，两肺均可闻及哮鸣音及湿啰音，右侧为著，心率120 次/分，节律不整，腹部膨隆，全腹均有压痛，右侧更明显，轻度反跳痛、肌紧张，肠鸣音弱。化验 Hb 124 g/L，WBC 30X10/L，中性粒细胞90%。即刻应采取的处理措施是\nA. 血管造影\nB. 快速补液加升压药\nC. 减慢心率\nD. 增强CT"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1350",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "“不同蛋白质有不同的空间构象”所指的含义是\nA. 结合蛋白质有多种辅基\nB. 一级结构决定高级结构\nC. 蛋白质的变性与复性\nD. 多肤链的折叠机制"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1351",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "传导慢痛的外周神经纤维是\nA. B 类纤维\nB. C 类纤维\nC. $\\mathrm{A}_\\gamma$ 纤维\nD. $A_\\delta$ 纤维"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1352",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "在下列选项中，符合肿瘤间变概念的是\nA. 肿瘤细胞的去分化\nB. 肿瘤亲子代之间的遗传特性继承\nC. 肿瘤发生过程中的一种癌前病变\nD. 良恶性肿瘤之间的形态改变"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "A",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": "cmmlu_1353",
        "conversations": [
            {
                "from": "human",
                "value": "男性，48 岁。1个月来气短、呼吸困难，1周来发热、咳嗽，B超发现“右侧大量胸腔积液”。近半年日渐消瘦。查体:T37.5C，R 21次/分，轻度贫血貌，高枕右侧卧位。该患者胸部听诊不可能出现的体征是\nA. 右中下肺语音共振消失\nB. 右下腋前线部可闻及胸膜摩擦音\nC. 右上肺可闻及支气管呼吸音\nD. 左上肺可闻及支气管肺泡呼吸音"
            }
        ],
        "eval": {
            "answer": "B",
            "type": "college_medicine"
        }
    }
]