Assistant/Fundamental_Concept_Questions/Year_1/Mock.json

[
  {
    "question_num": 1,
    "query": "气瘿肝郁气滞证首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "开郁散",
      "B": "参苓白术散",
      "C": "四海舒郁丸",
      "D": "生脉散",
      "E": "逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "气瘿肝郁气滞证治宜疏肝解郁，化痰软坚，方选四海舒郁九加减肉瘿气滞痰凝证治宜理气解郁，化痰软坚，方选逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 2,
    "query": "肉瘿气滞痰凝证首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "开郁散",
      "B": "参苓白术散",
      "C": "四海舒郁丸",
      "D": "生脉散",
      "E": "逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "气瘿肝郁气滞证治宜疏肝解郁，化痰软坚，方选四海舒郁九加减肉瘿气滞痰凝证治宜理气解郁，化痰软坚，方选逍遥散合海藻玉壶汤加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 3,
    "query": "皮肤上有一红色结块，直径约3cm，无脓头，表面灼热，触之疼痛。此为",
    "options": {
      "A": "有头疖",
      "B": "无头疖",
      "C": "疖病",
      "D": "蛇肚疔",
      "E": "蛇头疔"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "无头疖:皮肤上有一红色结块，直径约3cm,无头，表面灼热，触之疼痛,2~3天化脓，溃后迅速愈合。蛇肚疗，发于指腹部，患指红肿疼痛，呈圆柱形，形似小红萝卜，关节轻度屈曲，不能伸展，强行扳直剧痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 4,
    "query": "患指红肿疼痛，呈圆柱形，形似小红萝卜，关节轻度屈曲，不能伸展，强行扳直剧痛。此为",
    "options": {
      "A": "有头疖",
      "B": "无头疖",
      "C": "疖病",
      "D": "蛇肚疔",
      "E": "蛇头疔"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "无头疖:皮肤上有一红色结块，直径约3cm,无头，表面灼热，触之疼痛,2~3天化脓，溃后迅速愈合。蛇肚疗，发于指腹部，患指红肿疼痛，呈圆柱形，形似小红萝卜，关节轻度屈曲，不能伸展，强行扳直剧痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 5,
    "query": "癥瘕湿热瘀阻证，治疗首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "香棱丸",
      "B": "大黄蟅虫丸",
      "C": "大黄牡丹汤",
      "D": "苍附导痰丸",
      "E": "益肾调经汤"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "癞疲湿热瘀阻证治宜清热利湿，化瘀消疲，方选大黄牡丹汤;微痕痰湿瘀结证治宜化痰除湿，活血消瘢，方选苍附导痰丸合桂枝茯苓丸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 6,
    "query": "癥瘕痰湿瘀结证，治疗首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "香棱丸",
      "B": "大黄蟅虫丸",
      "C": "大黄牡丹汤",
      "D": "苍附导痰丸",
      "E": "益肾调经汤"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "癞疲湿热瘀阻证治宜清热利湿，化瘀消疲，方选大黄牡丹汤;微痕痰湿瘀结证治宜化痰除湿，活血消瘢，方选苍附导痰丸合桂枝茯苓丸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 7,
    "query": "胃有宿食，可闻到",
    "options": {
      "A": "口气臭秽",
      "B": "口气酸臭",
      "C": "口气酒臭",
      "D": "口气腐臭",
      "E": "口中散发烂苹果气味"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "A项属胃热;B项可见于胃有宿食;C项可见于饮酒过多者，如为陈啤酒味，可见于淋巴结结核患者;D项见于内有溃腐疮疡;E项可见于消渴重证"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 8,
    "query": "消渴重证，可闻到",
    "options": {
      "A": "口气臭秽",
      "B": "口气酸臭",
      "C": "口气酒臭",
      "D": "口气腐臭",
      "E": "口中散发烂苹果气味"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "A项属胃热;B项可见于胃有宿食;C项可见于饮酒过多者，如为陈啤酒味，可见于淋巴结结核患者;D项见于内有溃腐疮疡;E项可见于消渴重证"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 9,
    "query": "血瘀证可见的症状是",
    "options": {
      "A": "刺痛拒按，固定不移，舌暗，脉涩",
      "B": "气短疲乏，脘腹坠胀，舌淡，脉弱",
      "C": "胸胁胀闷窜痛，时轻时重，脉弦",
      "D": "面色淡白，口唇爪甲色淡，舌淡，脉细",
      "E": "少气懒言，疲乏无力，自汗，舌淡，脉虚"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "血瘀证可见疼痛状如针刺刀割，痛处不移而固定，在腹内者，可触及较坚硬而推之不移的肿块(称为微积)，出血反复不止，色紫暗或夹有血块，或大便色黑如柏油状，可见面色黎黑，或唇甲青紫，或皮下紫斑，或肌肤甲错，或腹部青筋显露，或皮肤出现丝状红缕(皮肤显露红色脉络)，或下肢筋青胀痛，妇女可见经闭。气陷证主要表现为头晕目花，少气倦怠,久痢久泄,腹部有坠胀感,脱肛或子宫脱垂等;舌淡苔白,脉弱。以气虚证伴有内脏下垂为辨证要点。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 10,
    "query": "气陷证可见的症状是",
    "options": {
      "A": "刺痛拒按，固定不移，舌暗，脉涩",
      "B": "气短疲乏，脘腹坠胀，舌淡，脉弱",
      "C": "胸胁胀闷窜痛，时轻时重，脉弦",
      "D": "面色淡白，口唇爪甲色淡，舌淡，脉细",
      "E": "少气懒言，疲乏无力，自汗，舌淡，脉虚"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "血瘀证可见疼痛状如针刺刀割，痛处不移而固定，在腹内者，可触及较坚硬而推之不移的肿块(称为微积)，出血反复不止，色紫暗或夹有血块，或大便色黑如柏油状，可见面色黎黑，或唇甲青紫，或皮下紫斑，或肌肤甲错，或腹部青筋显露，或皮肤出现丝状红缕(皮肤显露红色脉络)，或下肢筋青胀痛，妇女可见经闭。气陷证主要表现为头晕目花，少气倦怠,久痢久泄,腹部有坠胀感,脱肛或子宫脱垂等;舌淡苔白,脉弱。以气虚证伴有内脏下垂为辨证要点。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 11,
    "query": "胃脘胀痛，痛连两胁，遇烦恼则痛作或痛甚，嗳气、矢气则痛舒，胸闷嗳气，喜长叹息，大便不畅，舌苔多薄白，脉弦。证属",
    "options": {
      "A": "寒邪客胃证",
      "B": "饮食伤胃证",
      "C": "肝气犯胃证",
      "D": "湿热中阻证",
      "E": "瘀血停胃证"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "肝气横逆犯胃,胃气上逆,胃脘胀痛，痛连两胁,遇烦恼则痛作或痛甚;胃失和降,气机上逆,故嗳气;肝失疏泄,气机不畅，则胸闷，喜长叹息;大便不畅，舌苔多薄白,脉弦，为肝郁气滞所致。A项寒邪犯胃,凝滞气机，胃失和降,故胃痛暴作;寒为阴邪,得阳则散,遇寒更凝滞不行,故恶寒喜暖得温痛减,遇寒加重，或喜热饮;寒邪内盛，阴不耗津,故口淡不渴;舌淡苔薄白，脉弦紧为寒邪内患、凝滞气机之象。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 12,
    "query": "胃痛暴作，恶寒喜暖，得温痛减，遇寒加重，口淡不渴，或喜热饮，舌淡苔薄白，脉弦紧。证属",
    "options": {
      "A": "寒邪客胃证",
      "B": "饮食伤胃证",
      "C": "肝气犯胃证",
      "D": "湿热中阻证",
      "E": "瘀血停胃证"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "肝气横逆犯胃,胃气上逆,胃脘胀痛，痛连两胁,遇烦恼则痛作或痛甚;胃失和降,气机上逆,故嗳气;肝失疏泄,气机不畅，则胸闷，喜长叹息;大便不畅，舌苔多薄白,脉弦，为肝郁气滞所致。A项寒邪犯胃,凝滞气机，胃失和降,故胃痛暴作;寒为阴邪,得阳则散,遇寒更凝滞不行,故恶寒喜暖得温痛减,遇寒加重，或喜热饮;寒邪内盛，阴不耗津,故口淡不渴;舌淡苔薄白，脉弦紧为寒邪内患、凝滞气机之象。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 13,
    "query": "肺气上逆的特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "恶心呕吐",
      "B": "眩晕晕厥",
      "C": "咳嗽气喘",
      "D": "腹胀便秘",
      "E": "脘部绞痛"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "咳嗽,气喘,咳痰为肺气上逆;恶心,呕吐,嗳气,呃逆,为胃气上逆;头目胀痛，眩晕耳鸣，面红目赤，为肝气上逆;奔豚气，妇女倒经，妊娠恶阻或胸闷气急为冲任上逆。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 14,
    "query": "胃气上逆的特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "恶心呕吐",
      "B": "眩晕晕厥",
      "C": "咳嗽气喘",
      "D": "腹胀便秘",
      "E": "脘部绞痛"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "咳嗽,气喘,咳痰为肺气上逆;恶心,呕吐,嗳气,呃逆,为胃气上逆;头目胀痛，眩晕耳鸣，面红目赤，为肝气上逆;奔豚气，妇女倒经，妊娠恶阻或胸闷气急为冲任上逆。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 15,
    "query": "既治亡阳证，又治阳虚外感风寒的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "附子",
      "B": "干姜",
      "C": "肉桂",
      "D": "吴茱萸",
      "E": "小茴香"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "附子可回阳救逆:补火助阳，散寒止痛，可治疗亡阳证，又因其辛甘温煦，有峻补元阳、益火消阴之效，凡肾、脾心诸脏阳气衰弱者均可应用。干姜可温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮。肉桂可补火助阳，散寒止痛，温经通脉，引火归原。吴茱英可散寒止痛，降逆止呕，助阳止泻，主入肝经,既散肝经之寒邪，又疏肝气之郁滞、故可治厥阴头病又因其性味辛热，能温脾益肾，助阳止泻，为治脾肾阳虚、五更泄泻之常用药。小香可般寒止痛，理气和胃。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 16,
    "query": "既治厥阴头痛，又治脾肾阳虚之五更泄的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "附子",
      "B": "干姜",
      "C": "肉桂",
      "D": "吴茱萸",
      "E": "小茴香"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "附子可回阳救逆:补火助阳，散寒止痛，可治疗亡阳证，又因其辛甘温煦，有峻补元阳、益火消阴之效，凡肾、脾心诸脏阳气衰弱者均可应用。干姜可温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮。肉桂可补火助阳，散寒止痛，温经通脉，引火归原。吴茱英可散寒止痛，降逆止呕，助阳止泻，主入肝经,既散肝经之寒邪，又疏肝气之郁滞、故可治厥阴头病又因其性味辛热，能温脾益肾，助阳止泻，为治脾肾阳虚、五更泄泻之常用药。小香可般寒止痛，理气和胃。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 17,
    "query": "既能凉血止血，又能活血祛瘀的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "三七",
      "B": "蒲黄",
      "C": "茜草",
      "D": "白及",
      "E": "白茅根"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "茜草既能凉血止血，又能活血行血，可用于血热妄行或血瘀脉络之出血证。蒲黄止血，化瘀，利尿，长于收级止血，兼有活血行瘀之功，又能利尿通涨，可用于血淋、尿血。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 18,
    "query": "既能化瘀止血，又能利尿通淋的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "三七",
      "B": "蒲黄",
      "C": "茜草",
      "D": "白及",
      "E": "白茅根"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "茜草既能凉血止血，又能活血行血，可用于血热妄行或血瘀脉络之出血证。蒲黄止血，化瘀，利尿，长于收级止血，兼有活血行瘀之功，又能利尿通涨，可用于血淋、尿血。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 19,
    "query": "\"益火之源，以消阴翳\"适用的病证是",
    "options": {
      "A": "阳偏胜",
      "B": "阳偏衰",
      "C": "阴偏胜",
      "D": "阴偏衰",
      "E": "阴阳两虚"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "对于阳偏衰，要用补阳的方法，又称补阳以抑阴，王冰称为“益火之源，以消阴翳”《内经》称为“阴病治阳”。对于阴偏衰，要用补阴的方法，又称滋阴以抑阳，王冰称为“壮水之主，以制阳光”《内经》称为“阳病治阴”"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 20,
    "query": "患者水肿日久，腰以下肿甚，按之凹陷不起，畏寒肢冷，尿少，舌淡苔白滑，脉沉弱，其证候是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "风水泛滥",
      "B": "湿毒浸淫",
      "C": "水湿浸渍",
      "D": "湿热壅盛",
      "E": "脾阳虚衰"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "患者畏寒肢冷，提示有阳虚的症状，选项中只有E项符合答案。浮肿延及全身，伴有恶寒发热，此症状大多提示有风邪夹杂。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 21,
    "query": "\"壮水之主，以制阳光\"适用的病证是",
    "options": {
      "A": "阳偏胜",
      "B": "阳偏衰",
      "C": "阴偏胜",
      "D": "阴偏衰",
      "E": "阴阳两虚"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "对于阳偏衰，要用补阳的方法，又称补阳以抑阴，王冰称为“益火之源，以消阴翳”《内经》称为“阴病治阳”。对于阴偏衰，要用补阴的方法，又称滋阴以抑阳，王冰称为“壮水之主，以制阳光”《内经》称为“阳病治阴”"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 22,
    "query": "患者眼睑浮肿，继则四肢及全身皆肿，来势迅速，伴有恶寒发热，小便不利，舌苔薄白，脉浮紧，其证候是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "风水泛滥",
      "B": "湿毒浸淫",
      "C": "水湿浸渍",
      "D": "湿热壅盛",
      "E": "脾阳虚衰"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "患者畏寒肢冷，提示有阳虚的症状，选项中只有E项符合答案。浮肿延及全身，伴有恶寒发热，此症状大多提示有风邪夹杂。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 23,
    "query": "补中益气汤的主治病证是",
    "options": {
      "A": "表虚自汗证",
      "B": "气阴两虚证",
      "C": "心脾两虚证",
      "D": "脾虚气陷证",
      "E": "脾虚夹湿证"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "补中益气汤补中益气，升阳举陷，用于脾虚气陷证。玉屏风散益气固表止汗，用于表虚自汗证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 24,
    "query": "以突然昏仆，不省人事，口吐白沫，两目上视，四肢抽搐为主要表现的病证是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "痿证",
      "B": "痉证",
      "C": "痹证",
      "D": "厥证",
      "E": "痫证"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "痫证是以突然昏仆，不省人事，口吐白沫，两目上视，四肢抽搐为主要表现的病证。痿证是以肢体筋脉弛缓，软弱无力，日久因不能随意运动而致肌肉萎缩为主要表现的病证。痉证以四肢抽搐、项背强直，甚至角弓反张为主症。痹证是以肢体筋骨、关节、肌肉等处发生疼痛、重着、酸楚、麻木，或关节屈伸不利，僵硬，肿大，变形等为主要表现的病证。厥证是以突然昏倒，不省人事，四肢厥冷为主要临床表现的一种病证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 25,
    "query": "玉屏风散的主治病证是",
    "options": {
      "A": "表虚自汗证",
      "B": "气阴两虚证",
      "C": "心脾两虚证",
      "D": "脾虚气陷证",
      "E": "脾虚夹湿证"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "补中益气汤补中益气，升阳举陷，用于脾虚气陷证。玉屏风散益气固表止汗，用于表虚自汗证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 26,
    "query": "以肢体筋脉弛缓，软弱无力，日久因不能随意运动而致肌肉萎缩为主要表现的病证是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "痿证",
      "B": "痉证",
      "C": "痹证",
      "D": "厥证",
      "E": "痫证"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "痫证是以突然昏仆，不省人事，口吐白沫，两目上视，四肢抽搐为主要表现的病证。痿证是以肢体筋脉弛缓，软弱无力，日久因不能随意运动而致肌肉萎缩为主要表现的病证。痉证以四肢抽搐、项背强直，甚至角弓反张为主症。痹证是以肢体筋骨、关节、肌肉等处发生疼痛、重着、酸楚、麻木，或关节屈伸不利，僵硬，肿大，变形等为主要表现的病证。厥证是以突然昏倒，不省人事，四肢厥冷为主要临床表现的一种病证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 27,
    "query": "治疗中焦虚寒，肝气上逆之巅顶头痛，宜选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "丁香",
      "B": "肉桂",
      "C": "吴茱萸",
      "D": "干姜",
      "E": "花椒"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "吴茱英的功效:散寒止痛,降逆止呕，助阳止泻，为治寒滞肝经诸痛之要药，巅顶头痛为厥阴肝经的头病表现，花椒的功效:温中止痛，杀虫，止痒，可用于虫积腹痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 28,
    "query": "以“补血而不滞血，行血而不伤血”为配伍特点的方剂是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "四物汤",
      "B": "归脾汤",
      "C": "炙甘草汤",
      "D": "补中益气汤",
      "E": "当归补血汤"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "四物汤：主治营血虚滞证。方中以熟地黄、白芍阴柔补血之品与辛香之当归、川芎等量相配，动静相宜，补血而不滞血，行血而不伤血，补中有行，散中有收，温而不燥，滋而不腻。归脾汤配伍特点：心脾同治，重在补脾；气血并补，重在补气；补行结合。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 29,
    "query": "治疗蛔虫引起的腹痛，呕吐，宜选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "丁香",
      "B": "肉桂",
      "C": "吴茱萸",
      "D": "干姜",
      "E": "花椒"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "吴茱英的功效:散寒止痛,降逆止呕，助阳止泻，为治寒滞肝经诸痛之要药，巅顶头痛为厥阴肝经的头病表现，花椒的功效:温中止痛，杀虫，止痒，可用于虫积腹痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 30,
    "query": "以“心脾同治，重在补脾”为配伍特点的方剂是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "四物汤",
      "B": "归脾汤",
      "C": "炙甘草汤",
      "D": "补中益气汤",
      "E": "当归补血汤"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "四物汤：主治营血虚滞证。方中以熟地黄、白芍阴柔补血之品与辛香之当归、川芎等量相配，动静相宜，补血而不滞血，行血而不伤血，补中有行，散中有收，温而不燥，滋而不腻。归脾汤配伍特点：心脾同治，重在补脾；气血并补，重在补气；补行结合。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 31,
    "query": "患者头痛发热，烦渴欲饮，水入即吐，小便不利，舌苔白，脉浮。治疗应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "猪苓汤",
      "B": "五苓散",
      "C": "防己黄芪汤",
      "D": "实脾散",
      "E": "真武汤"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "127题辨证为表邪未解，内停水湿证，五苓散能利水渗湿，温阳化气，故可选用，而防己黄芪汤主治为风水、风湿卫表不固证，实脾散、真武汤主治为阳虚水肿证，不符合条件不选用:128题辨证为水热互结下焦，阴液受损证，猪苓汤利水清热养阴，可选用。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 32,
    "query": "肝气郁结型郁证治法为()",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏肝理气解郁",
      "B": "清肝泻火，解郁和胃",
      "C": "甘润缓急，养心安神",
      "D": "健脾养心，益气补血",
      "E": "滋阴清热，镇心安神"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "肝气郁结型郁证治疗当疏肝理气解郁，方选柴胡疏肝散；而心神失养型心气不足，当甘润缓急，养心安神，方选甘麦大枣汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 33,
    "query": "患者小便涩痛，时或尿中带血，发热，口渴欲饮，心烦不寐。治疗应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "猪苓汤",
      "B": "五苓散",
      "C": "防己黄芪汤",
      "D": "实脾散",
      "E": "真武汤"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "127题辨证为表邪未解，内停水湿证，五苓散能利水渗湿，温阳化气，故可选用，而防己黄芪汤主治为风水、风湿卫表不固证，实脾散、真武汤主治为阳虚水肿证，不符合条件不选用:128题辨证为水热互结下焦，阴液受损证，猪苓汤利水清热养阴，可选用。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 34,
    "query": "心神失养型郁证治法为()",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏肝理气解郁",
      "B": "清肝泻火，解郁和胃",
      "C": "甘润缓急，养心安神",
      "D": "健脾养心，益气补血",
      "E": "滋阴清热，镇心安神"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "肝气郁结型郁证治疗当疏肝理气解郁，方选柴胡疏肝散；而心神失养型心气不足，当甘润缓急，养心安神，方选甘麦大枣汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 35,
    "query": "在八脉交会穴中，通任脉的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "后溪",
      "B": "公孙",
      "C": "太渊",
      "D": "列缺",
      "E": "内关"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "八脉交会穴是寄经入脉与十二经之气相交会的8个腧穴，均分布于腕踩部上、下。公孙通冲脉、内关通阴维脉;后溪通督脉、申脉通阳跷脉;足临泣通带脉、外关通阳维脉;列缺通任脉、照海通阴跣脉。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 36,
    "query": "治疗中风中经络，肝肾阴虚，风阳上扰证，应首选()",
    "options": {
      "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
      "B": "半夏白术天麻汤",
      "C": "镇肝熄风汤",
      "D": "补阳还五汤",
      "E": "地黄饮子"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "天麻钩藤饮具有平肝息风潜阳作用，用于中风中经络，肝肾阴虚，风阳上扰证。半夏白术天麻汤燥湿化痰，平肝息风，用于治疗脾虚湿盛，风痰上扰之眩晕。C项用于阴虚风动之眩晕，症见头痛、舌强、肢颤等；D项适用于中风恢复阶段，气虚血滞；E项用于下元虚衰，虚火上炎，痰浊上泛所致之舌强不语、足废不用等症。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 37,
    "query": "在八脉交会穴中，通督脉的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "后溪",
      "B": "公孙",
      "C": "太渊",
      "D": "列缺",
      "E": "内关"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "八脉交会穴是寄经入脉与十二经之气相交会的8个腧穴，均分布于腕踩部上、下。公孙通冲脉、内关通阴维脉;后溪通督脉、申脉通阳跷脉;足临泣通带脉、外关通阳维脉;列缺通任脉、照海通阴跣脉。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 38,
    "query": "治疗眩晕痰浊中阻证，应首选()",
    "options": {
      "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
      "B": "半夏白术天麻汤",
      "C": "镇肝熄风汤",
      "D": "补阳还五汤",
      "E": "地黄饮子"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "天麻钩藤饮具有平肝息风潜阳作用，用于中风中经络，肝肾阴虚，风阳上扰证。半夏白术天麻汤燥湿化痰，平肝息风，用于治疗脾虚湿盛，风痰上扰之眩晕。C项用于阴虚风动之眩晕，症见头痛、舌强、肢颤等；D项适用于中风恢复阶段，气虚血滞；E项用于下元虚衰，虚火上炎，痰浊上泛所致之舌强不语、足废不用等症。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 39,
    "query": "前发际至后发际的骨度分寸是",
    "options": {
      "A": "13寸",
      "B": "12寸",
      "C": "9寸",
      "D": "6寸",
      "E": "5寸"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "内辅骨下廉(胫骨内下缘)至内踝高点的骨度分寸是13寸;前发际正中至后发际正中的骨度分寸为12寸等脐中至横骨上廉(耻骨联合上缘)的骨度分寸是5寸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 40,
    "query": "气瘿漫肿，边缘不清，随喜怒消长，皮色如常，其治法是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏肝解郁",
      "B": "清热化痰",
      "C": "调和冲任",
      "D": "益气养阴",
      "E": "清热解表"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "瘿病多由气滞、痰凝、血瘀等因素导致脏腑经络功能失调而引起，随喜怒消长，显然病因为肝郁气滞，故治宜疏肝解郁。汗出心悸、失眠多梦、形体消瘦可提示此患者为气阴两虚，故治宜益气养阴。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 41,
    "query": "脐中至横骨上廉（耻骨联合上缘）的骨度分寸是",
    "options": {
      "A": "13寸",
      "B": "12寸",
      "C": "9寸",
      "D": "6寸",
      "E": "5寸"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "内辅骨下廉(胫骨内下缘)至内踝高点的骨度分寸是13寸;前发际正中至后发际正中的骨度分寸为12寸等脐中至横骨上廉(耻骨联合上缘)的骨度分寸是5寸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 42,
    "query": "肉瘿伴急躁易怒、汗出心悸、失眠多梦、形体消瘦，其治法是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏肝解郁",
      "B": "清热化痰",
      "C": "调和冲任",
      "D": "益气养阴",
      "E": "清热解表"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "瘿病多由气滞、痰凝、血瘀等因素导致脏腑经络功能失调而引起，随喜怒消长，显然病因为肝郁气滞，故治宜疏肝解郁。汗出心悸、失眠多梦、形体消瘦可提示此患者为气阴两虚，故治宜益气养阴。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 43,
    "query": "肾虚水泛的临床表现是",
    "options": {
      "A": "畏寒身肿，小便短少",
      "B": "畏寒肢冷，倦卧嗜睡",
      "C": "腰酸耳鸣，小便失禁",
      "D": "眩晕咽干，腰膝酸软",
      "E": "发脱齿摇，健忘恍惚"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "肾病常见症状包括腰膝酸软而病、耳鸣耳、发白早脱、齿牙动摇、阳痿遗精、女子不孕等。肾虚水泛主要因肾阳虚不能制水，致水饭泛溢而出现相关症状，在肾阳虚基础上突出表现为水肿、尿少。肾气不固是指肾气亏虚、固摄无权所表现的证候，在肾气虚的基础上突由表现为肾与膀胱固摄失职的症状，而小便失禁正是膀胱固摄失职的表现。眩晕咽干、腰膝酸软是肾阴虚的表现;畏寒肢冷、倦卧嗜睡是贤阳虚的表现;发脱齿摇、健忘恍惚是肾精不足的症状。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 44,
    "query": "患者停经45天，1周前查尿妊娠试验阳性，近2天恶心，呕吐酸水，恶闻油腻，口干口苦，胸满胁痛，舌淡红，苔微黄，脉弦滑，其治法是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "健脾养阴，和胃止呕",
      "B": "健脾祛湿，豁痰止呕",
      "C": "健脾和胃，降逆止呕",
      "D": "健脾益气，降逆止呕",
      "E": "清肝和胃，降逆止呕"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "呕吐酸水，恶闻油腻，口干口苦，胸满胁痛，舌淡红，苔微黄，脉弦滑，证属妊娠恶阻肝胃不和证。治法：清肝和胃，降逆止呕。代表方：橘皮竹茹汤或苏叶黄连汤酌加姜半夏、枇杷叶、竹茹、乌梅。恶心呕吐，食入即吐，口淡，头晕体倦，脘痞腹胀，舌淡，苔白，脉缓滑无力，为妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证。治法：健脾和胃，降逆止呕。代表方：香砂六君子汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 45,
    "query": "肾气不固的临床表现是",
    "options": {
      "A": "畏寒身肿，小便短少",
      "B": "畏寒肢冷，倦卧嗜睡",
      "C": "腰酸耳鸣，小便失禁",
      "D": "眩晕咽干，腰膝酸软",
      "E": "发脱齿摇，健忘恍惚"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "肾病常见症状包括腰膝酸软而病、耳鸣耳、发白早脱、齿牙动摇、阳痿遗精、女子不孕等。肾虚水泛主要因肾阳虚不能制水，致水饭泛溢而出现相关症状，在肾阳虚基础上突出表现为水肿、尿少。肾气不固是指肾气亏虚、固摄无权所表现的证候，在肾气虚的基础上突由表现为肾与膀胱固摄失职的症状，而小便失禁正是膀胱固摄失职的表现。眩晕咽干、腰膝酸软是肾阴虚的表现;畏寒肢冷、倦卧嗜睡是贤阳虚的表现;发脱齿摇、健忘恍惚是肾精不足的症状。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 46,
    "query": "患者停经45天，1周前查尿妊娠试验阳性，近2天恶心、呕吐，食入即吐，口淡，头晕体倦，脘痞腹胀，舌淡，苔白，脉缓滑无力，其治法是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "健脾养阴，和胃止呕",
      "B": "健脾祛湿，豁痰止呕",
      "C": "健脾和胃，降逆止呕",
      "D": "健脾益气，降逆止呕",
      "E": "清肝和胃，降逆止呕"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "呕吐酸水，恶闻油腻，口干口苦，胸满胁痛，舌淡红，苔微黄，脉弦滑，证属妊娠恶阻肝胃不和证。治法：清肝和胃，降逆止呕。代表方：橘皮竹茹汤或苏叶黄连汤酌加姜半夏、枇杷叶、竹茹、乌梅。恶心呕吐，食入即吐，口淡，头晕体倦，脘痞腹胀，舌淡，苔白，脉缓滑无力，为妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证。治法：健脾和胃，降逆止呕。代表方：香砂六君子汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 47,
    "query": "X线下见右下肺出现大片的浓密阴影，其内见一个含有液平面的圆形空洞，洞内壁不规整，洞壁较厚。应首先考虑的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肺大疱",
      "B": "肺脓肿",
      "C": "浸润型肺结核空洞形成",
      "D": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核",
      "E": "周围型肺癌空洞形成"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "肺脓肿胸片见较大的片状致密影，在致密的实变区中可见含有液面的空洞，内壁不规整。慢性肺脓肿可见空洞壁变薄，周围有较多紊乱的纤维条素状阴影，慢性纤维空洞型肺结核胸片见两肺上部多发厚壁的慢性纤维病变及空洞，周围有广泛的纤维条索影和散在的新老病灶。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 48,
    "query": "治疗月经过少肾虚证，应首选()",
    "options": {
      "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "B": "启宫丸",
      "C": "乌药汤",
      "D": "归肾丸",
      "E": "滋血汤"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "肾气不足，精血亏虚，冲任气血衰少，血海满溢不多，故经量明显减少，或点滴即净，色淡暗，质稀；精血衰少，脑髓不充，故头晕耳鸣；肾虚腰腿失养，故腰腿酸软；肾虚膀胱失于温固，故小便频数。舌淡，苔薄，脉沉细，也为肾虚之征。治宜补肾养血调经，方选归肾丸。冲任气血不足，血海满溢不多，故月经量少，不日即净，或点滴即止，经色淡红，质稀；血虚不能上荣清窍，故头晕眼花；血少内不养心，故心悸失眠；血虚外不荣肌肤，故面色萎黄，皮肤不润。舌淡苔薄，脉细无力，为血虚之征。治宜养血调经，方选滋血汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 49,
    "query": "X线下见右上肺有多发的厚壁空洞，周围有较广泛的纤维条索影。应首先考虑的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肺大疱",
      "B": "肺脓肿",
      "C": "浸润型肺结核空洞形成",
      "D": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核",
      "E": "周围型肺癌空洞形成"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "肺脓肿胸片见较大的片状致密影，在致密的实变区中可见含有液面的空洞，内壁不规整。慢性肺脓肿可见空洞壁变薄，周围有较多紊乱的纤维条素状阴影，慢性纤维空洞型肺结核胸片见两肺上部多发厚壁的慢性纤维病变及空洞，周围有广泛的纤维条索影和散在的新老病灶。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 50,
    "query": "治疗月经过少血虚证，应首选()",
    "options": {
      "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "B": "启宫丸",
      "C": "乌药汤",
      "D": "归肾丸",
      "E": "滋血汤"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "肾气不足，精血亏虚，冲任气血衰少，血海满溢不多，故经量明显减少，或点滴即净，色淡暗，质稀；精血衰少，脑髓不充，故头晕耳鸣；肾虚腰腿失养，故腰腿酸软；肾虚膀胱失于温固，故小便频数。舌淡，苔薄，脉沉细，也为肾虚之征。治宜补肾养血调经，方选归肾丸。冲任气血不足，血海满溢不多，故月经量少，不日即净，或点滴即止，经色淡红，质稀；血虚不能上荣清窍，故头晕眼花；血少内不养心，故心悸失眠；血虚外不荣肌肤，故面色萎黄，皮肤不润。舌淡苔薄，脉细无力，为血虚之征。治宜养血调经，方选滋血汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 51,
    "query": "雷火针灸归属的灸法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "艾条灸",
      "B": "艾炷灸",
      "C": "温和灸",
      "D": "温针灸",
      "E": "直接灸"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "艾条灸包括悬起灸和实按灸。悬起灸包括温和负、崔啄灸、回旋灸;实按灸包括太乙针灸和雷火针灸。艾炷负分为直接灸和间接灸。直接灸分为疲痕灸、无瘢痕灸，间接灸分为隔姜灸、隔蒜灸、隔盐灸、隔附子饼灸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 52,
    "query": "行气活血法适用于()",
    "options": {
      "A": "阴囊红肿热痛，肾子肿痛，尿急尿频，尿液黄赤，茎中热痛，精液赤浊，苔黄腻",
      "B": "肾子硬结，少腹或会阴胀痛，排尿困难或闭塞不通，舌暗或有瘀点瘀斑",
      "C": "肾子上或阴茎上慢性结节，皮色不变，亦不疼痛",
      "D": "腰膝酸痛，头目眩晕，健忘少寐，五心烦热，阳事易兴，小溲黄热而淋沥不爽，舌红苔少",
      "E": "腰膝冷痛，形寒肢冷，性欲减退，阳痿遗精，小便频数，遗尿不禁，囊内积水，舌淡脉细弱"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "B项为气血瘀滞表现，治疗当行气活血。A项为湿热下注表现，治疗应当清利湿热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 53,
    "query": "隔附子饼灸归属的灸法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "艾条灸",
      "B": "艾炷灸",
      "C": "温和灸",
      "D": "温针灸",
      "E": "直接灸"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "艾条灸包括悬起灸和实按灸。悬起灸包括温和负、崔啄灸、回旋灸;实按灸包括太乙针灸和雷火针灸。艾炷负分为直接灸和间接灸。直接灸分为疲痕灸、无瘢痕灸，间接灸分为隔姜灸、隔蒜灸、隔盐灸、隔附子饼灸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 54,
    "query": "清利湿热法适用于()",
    "options": {
      "A": "阴囊红肿热痛，肾子肿痛，尿急尿频，尿液黄赤，茎中热痛，精液赤浊，苔黄腻",
      "B": "肾子硬结，少腹或会阴胀痛，排尿困难或闭塞不通，舌暗或有瘀点瘀斑",
      "C": "肾子上或阴茎上慢性结节，皮色不变，亦不疼痛",
      "D": "腰膝酸痛，头目眩晕，健忘少寐，五心烦热，阳事易兴，小溲黄热而淋沥不爽，舌红苔少",
      "E": "腰膝冷痛，形寒肢冷，性欲减退，阳痿遗精，小便频数，遗尿不禁，囊内积水，舌淡脉细弱"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "B项为气血瘀滞表现，治疗当行气活血。A项为湿热下注表现，治疗应当清利湿热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 55,
    "query": "内关位于腕掌侧远端横纹上",
    "options": {
      "A": "0.5寸",
      "B": "1寸",
      "C": "2寸",
      "D": "3寸",
      "E": "5寸"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "内关、都门均为手厥阴经穴。内关定位:在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上2寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。郑门定位:在前臂前区，腕堂侧远端横纹上5寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 56,
    "query": "薄荷在逍遥散中的主要作用是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏散肺经风热",
      "B": "透达肝经郁热",
      "C": "辛凉散邪透疹",
      "D": "清利头目利咽",
      "E": "辛凉解表疏肝"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "逍遥散中加少许薄荷，疏散肝经逾遏之气，透达肝经郁遏之热。银翘散中薄荷、牛蒡子，味辛性凉，疏散风热，清利头目，且可解毒利咽。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 57,
    "query": "郄门位于腕掌侧远端横纹上",
    "options": {
      "A": "0.5寸",
      "B": "1寸",
      "C": "2寸",
      "D": "3寸",
      "E": "5寸"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "内关、都门均为手厥阴经穴。内关定位:在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上2寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。郑门定位:在前臂前区，腕堂侧远端横纹上5寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 58,
    "query": "薄荷在银翘散中的主要作用是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏散肺经风热",
      "B": "透达肝经郁热",
      "C": "辛凉散邪透疹",
      "D": "清利头目利咽",
      "E": "辛凉解表疏肝"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "逍遥散中加少许薄荷，疏散肝经逾遏之气，透达肝经郁遏之热。银翘散中薄荷、牛蒡子，味辛性凉，疏散风热，清利头目，且可解毒利咽。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 59,
    "query": "原发性肺癌的临床表现是",
    "options": {
      "A": "刺激性干咳、少量黏液痰",
      "B": "持续性低热、盗汗",
      "C": "急性起病、高热、大量脓痰",
      "D": "起病缓慢、乏力、咽痛、咳嗽",
      "E": "急性起病、高热、咳铁锈色痰"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "刺激性干咳往往是肺癌出现的症状，伴随咯血、消瘦等,而肺炎链球菌肺炎典型表现则是咳吐铁锈色痰。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 60,
    "query": "治疗积滞乳食内积证，应首选的方剂是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "肥儿丸或疳积散",
      "B": "消乳丸或保和丸",
      "C": "健脾丸",
      "D": "八珍汤",
      "E": "肥儿丸"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "积滞乳食内积证治法：消乳化食，和中导滞。主方：乳积者，选消乳丸；食积者，选保和丸。积滞脾虚夹积证治法：健脾助运，消食化滞。主方：健脾丸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 61,
    "query": "肺炎链球菌肺炎的临床表现是",
    "options": {
      "A": "刺激性干咳、少量黏液痰",
      "B": "持续性低热、盗汗",
      "C": "急性起病、高热、大量脓痰",
      "D": "起病缓慢、乏力、咽痛、咳嗽",
      "E": "急性起病、高热、咳铁锈色痰"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "刺激性干咳往往是肺癌出现的症状，伴随咯血、消瘦等,而肺炎链球菌肺炎典型表现则是咳吐铁锈色痰。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 62,
    "query": "治疗积滞脾虚夹积证，应首选的方剂是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "肥儿丸或疳积散",
      "B": "消乳丸或保和丸",
      "C": "健脾丸",
      "D": "八珍汤",
      "E": "肥儿丸"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "积滞乳食内积证治法：消乳化食，和中导滞。主方：乳积者，选消乳丸；食积者，选保和丸。积滞脾虚夹积证治法：健脾助运，消食化滞。主方：健脾丸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 63,
    "query": "左心衰竭急性肺水肿时需鉴别的疾病是",
    "options": {
      "A": "支气管哮喘",
      "B": "肝硬化",
      "C": "肺气肿",
      "D": "胃癌",
      "E": "慢性肾炎"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "左心衰竭合并肺水肿，出现呼吸困难，咳吐粉红色泡沫痰，需要与支气管哮喘相鉴别。右心衰竭合并腹水，需要与肝硬化相鉴别，因为肝硬化失代偿期最典型的体征就是腹水"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 64,
    "query": "水痘的临床特征是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "热退疹出",
      "B": "鸡皮样皮疹，颜面无疹，口周苍白圈",
      "C": "充血性皮疹，耳后、枕部淋巴结肿大",
      "D": "皮疹以口腔、四肢为主，口腔疱疹破溃后形成溃疡",
      "E": "皮疹向心性分布，同一皮损区丘疹、疱疹、结痂并存"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "皮疹向心性分布，同一皮损区丘疹、疱疹、结痂并存为水痘的临床特征。皮疹以口腔、四肢为主，口腔疱疹破溃后形成溃疡为手足口病的临床特征。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 65,
    "query": "右心衰竭腹水时主要需鉴别的疾病是",
    "options": {
      "A": "支气管哮喘",
      "B": "肝硬化",
      "C": "肺气肿",
      "D": "胃癌",
      "E": "慢性肾炎"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "左心衰竭合并肺水肿，出现呼吸困难，咳吐粉红色泡沫痰，需要与支气管哮喘相鉴别。右心衰竭合并腹水，需要与肝硬化相鉴别，因为肝硬化失代偿期最典型的体征就是腹水"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 66,
    "query": "手足口病的临床特征是()",
    "options": {
      "A": "热退疹出",
      "B": "鸡皮样皮疹，颜面无疹，口周苍白圈",
      "C": "充血性皮疹，耳后、枕部淋巴结肿大",
      "D": "皮疹以口腔、四肢为主，口腔疱疹破溃后形成溃疡",
      "E": "皮疹向心性分布，同一皮损区丘疹、疱疹、结痂并存"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "皮疹向心性分布，同一皮损区丘疹、疱疹、结痂并存为水痘的临床特征。皮疹以口腔、四肢为主，口腔疱疹破溃后形成溃疡为手足口病的临床特征。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 67,
    "query": "反映医患关系本质的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "医患关系是一种民事法律关系",
      "B": "医患关系是具有道德意义较强的社会关系",
      "C": "医患关系是一种商家与消费者的关系",
      "D": "医患关系是包括非技术性和技术性方面的关系",
      "E": "医患关系是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "医患关系本质是具有较强的道德意义社会关系。医患关系的内容包括两方面，一是医务人员与病人在医疗措专业内容，另一方面表现为医务人员对病人的服务质量和伦理道德的非技术关系。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 68,
    "query": "患者，女性，50岁。甲状腺功能亢进症症状较轻，甲状腺中度肿大。治疗应选用()",
    "options": {
      "A": "抗甲状腺药物",
      "B": "无机碘液",
      "C": "普萘洛尔",
      "D": "放射性碘治疗",
      "E": "手术治疗"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "抗甲状腺药物治疗的适应证包括以下几点：①病情轻、甲状腺轻度至中度肿大者；②年龄在20岁以下，或孕妇、年迈体弱或合并严重心、肝、肾疾病等而不宜手术者；③术前准备；④甲状腺次全切除后复发而不宜用¹³¹I治疗者；⑤作为放射性¹³¹I治疗前后的辅助治疗。手术治疗的适应证：中、重度甲亢，长期服药无效，停药后复发，或不愿长期服药者；甲状腺巨大，有压迫症状者；胸骨后甲状腺肿伴甲亢者；结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢者。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 69,
    "query": "概括医患关系内容的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "医患关系是一种民事法律关系",
      "B": "医患关系是具有道德意义较强的社会关系",
      "C": "医患关系是一种商家与消费者的关系",
      "D": "医患关系是包括非技术性和技术性方面的关系",
      "E": "医患关系是患者与治疗者在诊疗和保健中所建立的联系"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "医患关系本质是具有较强的道德意义社会关系。医患关系的内容包括两方面，一是医务人员与病人在医疗措专业内容，另一方面表现为医务人员对病人的服务质量和伦理道德的非技术关系。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 70,
    "query": "患者，女性，36岁。甲状腺肿大压迫气管。治疗应选用()",
    "options": {
      "A": "抗甲状腺药物",
      "B": "无机碘液",
      "C": "普萘洛尔",
      "D": "放射性碘治疗",
      "E": "手术治疗"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "抗甲状腺药物治疗的适应证包括以下几点：①病情轻、甲状腺轻度至中度肿大者；②年龄在20岁以下，或孕妇、年迈体弱或合并严重心、肝、肾疾病等而不宜手术者；③术前准备；④甲状腺次全切除后复发而不宜用¹³¹I治疗者；⑤作为放射性¹³¹I治疗前后的辅助治疗。手术治疗的适应证：中、重度甲亢，长期服药无效，停药后复发，或不愿长期服药者；甲状腺巨大，有压迫症状者；胸骨后甲状腺肿伴甲亢者；结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢者。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 71,
    "query": "病原携带状态是指",
    "options": {
      "A": "病原体进入机体后，被非特异性免疫所清除",
      "B": "病原体侵入机体后，仅引起特异性免疫应答，不出现任何临床表现",
      "C": "病原体侵入机体后，既引起特异性免疫，又出现相应临床表现",
      "D": "病原体侵入机体后，寄生于机体某些部位，被机体免疫功能局限化，功能下降时，可引起相应的临床表现",
      "E": "病原体侵入机体后，不引起相应的临床表现，但机体能排出病原体"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "机体与病原体相互作用可出现五种不同的程度:①病原体被清除;➁隐性感染;③显性感染;④病原携带状态;⑤潜伏性感染。病原携带状态:病原体侵入机体后。不引起相应的临床表现，但机体能排出病原体，是主要的传染源。病原体被清除;病原体进入机体后，被非特异性免疫所清除。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 72,
    "query": "治疗胃火牙痛，在基本处方的基础上，宜配用()",
    "options": {
      "A": "胃俞、劳宫",
      "B": "太溪、行间",
      "C": "内庭、二间",
      "D": "外关、风池",
      "E": "大杼、束骨"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "胃火牙痛者，加内庭、二间以清泻胃火。阴虚牙痛者，加太溪、行间以滋阴。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 73,
    "query": "病原被清除是指",
    "options": {
      "A": "病原体进入机体后，被非特异性免疫所清除",
      "B": "病原体侵入机体后，仅引起特异性免疫应答，不出现任何临床表现",
      "C": "病原体侵入机体后，既引起特异性免疫，又出现相应临床表现",
      "D": "病原体侵入机体后，寄生于机体某些部位，被机体免疫功能局限化，功能下降时，可引起相应的临床表现",
      "E": "病原体侵入机体后，不引起相应的临床表现，但机体能排出病原体"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "机体与病原体相互作用可出现五种不同的程度:①病原体被清除;➁隐性感染;③显性感染;④病原携带状态;⑤潜伏性感染。病原携带状态:病原体侵入机体后。不引起相应的临床表现，但机体能排出病原体，是主要的传染源。病原体被清除;病原体进入机体后，被非特异性免疫所清除。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 74,
    "query": "治疗阴虚牙痛，在基本处方的基础上，宜配用()",
    "options": {
      "A": "胃俞、劳宫",
      "B": "太溪、行间",
      "C": "内庭、二间",
      "D": "外关、风池",
      "E": "大杼、束骨"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "胃火牙痛者，加内庭、二间以清泻胃火。阴虚牙痛者，加太溪、行间以滋阴。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 75,
    "query": "流行性乙型脑炎病毒属",
    "options": {
      "A": "拉沙病毒",
      "B": "汉坦病毒",
      "C": "嗜肝DNA病毒",
      "D": "反转录病毒",
      "E": "黄病毒"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "乙脑病毒属于虫媒病毒黄病毒科黄病毒属。流行性出血热病毒属于布尼亚病毒科汉坦病毒属。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 76,
    "query": "感染HBV后，最早出现的抗体为()",
    "options": {
      "A": "HBsAg",
      "B": "抗-HBs",
      "C": "HBcAg",
      "D": "抗-HBc",
      "E": "抗-HBe"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "乙型肝炎的实验室检查。感染HBV后最早出现的抗体为抗-HBc，不游离存在于血液中的标志物为HBcAg。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 77,
    "query": "流行性出血热病毒属",
    "options": {
      "A": "拉沙病毒",
      "B": "汉坦病毒",
      "C": "嗜肝DNA病毒",
      "D": "反转录病毒",
      "E": "黄病毒"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "乙脑病毒属于虫媒病毒黄病毒科黄病毒属。流行性出血热病毒属于布尼亚病毒科汉坦病毒属。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 78,
    "query": "不游离存在于血液中的标志物为()",
    "options": {
      "A": "HBsAg",
      "B": "抗-HBs",
      "C": "HBcAg",
      "D": "抗-HBc",
      "E": "抗-HBe"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "乙型肝炎的实验室检查。感染HBV后最早出现的抗体为抗-HBc，不游离存在于血液中的标志物为HBcAg。"
  }
]