Datasets:

Bolin97
/

TCMLE

[
  {
    "question_num": 1,
    "query": "在手指末端交接的经脉是",
    "options": {
      "A": "手之阳经与手之阴经",
      "B": "手之阳经与足之阳经",
      "C": "手之阴经与足之阴经",
      "D": "足之阳经与足之阴经",
      "E": "手之阳经与足之阴经"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "十二经脉按照一定的循行走向，相互联系，有三种交接方式:①相为表里的阴经与阳经在四肢末端交挟;②同名手、足阳经在头面部交接;③手、足阴经在胸部交接。根据这三种交接方式可以断定:在手指未端交接的经脉是手之阳经与手之阴经。在头面部交接的经脉是手之阳经与足之阳经"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 2,
    "query": "在头面部交接的经脉是",
    "options": {
      "A": "手之阳经与手之阴经",
      "B": "手之阳经与足之阳经",
      "C": "手之阴经与足之阴经",
      "D": "足之阳经与足之阴经",
      "E": "手之阳经与足之阴经"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "十二经脉按照一定的循行走向，相互联系，有三种交接方式:①相为表里的阴经与阳经在四肢末端交挟;②同名手、足阳经在头面部交接;③手、足阴经在胸部交接。根据这三种交接方式可以断定:在手指未端交接的经脉是手之阳经与手之阴经。在头面部交接的经脉是手之阳经与足之阳经"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 3,
    "query": "艾滋病的发病,属于",
    "options": {
      "A": "猝发",
      "B": "伏而后发",
      "C": "徐发",
      "D": "继发",
      "E": "复发"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "人体感染艾滋病后，潜伏期通常为2~10年。徐发为感邪后缓慢发病，年老体弱者之病，多属于此。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 4,
    "query": "年老体弱之人为病,多属",
    "options": {
      "A": "猝发",
      "B": "伏而后发",
      "C": "徐发",
      "D": "继发",
      "E": "复发"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "人体感染艾滋病后，潜伏期通常为2~10年。徐发为感邪后缓慢发病，年老体弱者之病，多属于此。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 5,
    "query": "热邪壅肺证,可见",
    "options": {
      "A": "咳嗽,咳痰稀白",
      "B": "咳嗽,痰多泡沫",
      "C": "咳喘,咳痰黄稠",
      "D": "咳嗽,痰少难咳",
      "E": "咳喘,痰多易咳"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "A项属外感风寒咳嗽;B项属寒痰咳嗽;C项属热邪炽盛，内壅肺脏，肺气上逆而为咳嗽,炼液为痰，则咳痰黄稠;D项燥邪易伤肺津，由于肺津受伤，肺失滋润，清肃失职,故咳嗽,痰少难咳;E项属痰湿阻肺致肺气上逆,故咳嗽,痰多易咳。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 6,
    "query": "燥邪犯肺证,可见",
    "options": {
      "A": "咳嗽,咳痰稀白",
      "B": "咳嗽,痰多泡沫",
      "C": "咳喘,咳痰黄稠",
      "D": "咳嗽,痰少难咳",
      "E": "咳喘,痰多易咳"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "A项属外感风寒咳嗽;B项属寒痰咳嗽;C项属热邪炽盛，内壅肺脏，肺气上逆而为咳嗽,炼液为痰，则咳痰黄稠;D项燥邪易伤肺津，由于肺津受伤，肺失滋润，清肃失职,故咳嗽,痰少难咳;E项属痰湿阻肺致肺气上逆,故咳嗽,痰多易咳。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 7,
    "query": "具有利湿退黄,解毒消肿功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "茵陈",
      "B": "萆薢",
      "C": "虎杖",
      "D": "地肤子",
      "E": "金钱草"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "茵陈利湿退黄,解毒疗疮。草游利湿去浊，祛风除痹。虎杖利湿去黄，清热解毒,散瘀止痛，化痰止咳。地肤子利尿通淋，清热利湿，止痒。金钱草利湿退黄利尿通淋，解毒消肿，"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 8,
    "query": "具有利湿退黄,散瘀止痛功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "茵陈",
      "B": "萆薢",
      "C": "虎杖",
      "D": "地肤子",
      "E": "金钱草"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "茵陈利湿退黄,解毒疗疮。草游利湿去浊，祛风除痹。虎杖利湿去黄，清热解毒,散瘀止痛，化痰止咳。地肤子利尿通淋，清热利湿，止痒。金钱草利湿退黄利尿通淋，解毒消肿，"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 9,
    "query": "颈项强直,角弓反张多见于",
    "options": {
      "A": "阴虚动风证",
      "B": "血虚生风证",
      "C": "肝阳化风证",
      "D": "热极生风证",
      "E": "外感风邪证"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "肝阳化风证临床表现:眩晕欲仆,步履不稳,头胀头痛，急躁易怒,耳鸣,项强，头摇，肢体震颤,手足麻木,语言謇涩,面赤，舌红，或有苔腻,脉弦细有力。甚至突然昏仆，口眼喝斜,半身不遂,舌强语塞。热极生风以手足抽搐，颈项强直，两目上视，角弓反张等表现多见。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 10,
    "query": "眩晕欲仆,肢体麻木多见于",
    "options": {
      "A": "阴虚动风证",
      "B": "血虚生风证",
      "C": "肝阳化风证",
      "D": "热极生风证",
      "E": "外感风邪证"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "肝阳化风证临床表现:眩晕欲仆,步履不稳,头胀头痛，急躁易怒,耳鸣,项强，头摇，肢体震颤,手足麻木,语言謇涩,面赤，舌红，或有苔腻,脉弦细有力。甚至突然昏仆，口眼喝斜,半身不遂,舌强语塞。热极生风以手足抽搐，颈项强直，两目上视，角弓反张等表现多见。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 11,
    "query": "具有凉血退蒸,清泄肺热功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "地骨皮",
      "B": "青蒿",
      "C": "白薇",
      "D": "银柴胡",
      "E": "胡黄连"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "地骨皮可凉血除蒸，清肺降火。青蒿可清透虚热，凉血除蒸，解暑，截疟。白被可清热凉血，利尿通淋,解毒疗疮。银柴胡可清虚热，除疳热，凉血，解暑。胡黄连可退虚热，除疳热，清湿热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 12,
    "query": "具有退虚热,凉血,解暑功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "地骨皮",
      "B": "青蒿",
      "C": "白薇",
      "D": "银柴胡",
      "E": "胡黄连"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "地骨皮可凉血除蒸，清肺降火。青蒿可清透虚热，凉血除蒸，解暑，截疟。白被可清热凉血，利尿通淋,解毒疗疮。银柴胡可清虚热，除疳热，凉血，解暑。胡黄连可退虚热，除疳热，清湿热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 13,
    "query": "柏子仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
    "options": {
      "A": "平喘",
      "B": "通便",
      "C": "敛汗",
      "D": "消食",
      "E": "利尿"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "柏子仁养心安神润肠通便。酸枣仁养心益肝，安神，敛汗。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 14,
    "query": "酸枣仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
    "options": {
      "A": "平喘",
      "B": "通便",
      "C": "敛汗",
      "D": "消食",
      "E": "利尿"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "柏子仁养心安神润肠通便。酸枣仁养心益肝，安神，敛汗。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 15,
    "query": "脾病及肾,体现的关系是",
    "options": {
      "A": "母病及子",
      "B": "子病及母",
      "C": "相乘传变",
      "D": "相侮传变",
      "E": "母子同病"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "相乘,即相克太过，五行相克顺序为木→土→水→火→金-木,对应五脏的相乘次序为肝→脾→肾→>心→肺->肝。相侮次序与相乘次序相反。相侮，即反克。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 16,
    "query": "土壅木郁,体现的关系是",
    "options": {
      "A": "母病及子",
      "B": "子病及母",
      "C": "相乘传变",
      "D": "相侮传变",
      "E": "母子同病"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "相乘,即相克太过，五行相克顺序为木→土→水→火→金-木,对应五脏的相乘次序为肝→脾→肾→>心→肺->肝。相侮次序与相乘次序相反。相侮，即反克。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 17,
    "query": "能止咳平喘,润肠通便,但有小毒的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "葶苈子",
      "B": "杏仁",
      "C": "白芥子",
      "D": "黄药子",
      "E": "紫苏子"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "葶苈子能泻肺平喘，利水消肿;杏仁能止咳平喘、润肠通便,但有小毒;白芥子可以温肺化痰，利气散结，通络止痛;黄药子偏重于消痰软坚散结，清热解毒;紫苏子偏于降气化痰，止咳平喘，润肠通便，且无毒性。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 18,
    "query": "治疗水肿湿热壅盛证，应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏凿饮子",
      "B": "八正散",
      "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
      "D": "加味二妙散",
      "E": "薏苡仁汤"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "疏凿饮子，攻逐水湿，分治表里水湿，使蓄积之水从二便排出。加味二妙散，清利湿热，补肾通脉，用于湿热内盛兼见虚火之痿证。B项治疗热淋；C项治疗肝胆湿热证；E项治疗着痹。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 19,
    "query": "能止咳平喘,润肠通便,且无毒性的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "葶苈子",
      "B": "杏仁",
      "C": "白芥子",
      "D": "黄药子",
      "E": "紫苏子"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "葶苈子能泻肺平喘，利水消肿;杏仁能止咳平喘、润肠通便,但有小毒;白芥子可以温肺化痰，利气散结，通络止痛;黄药子偏重于消痰软坚散结，清热解毒;紫苏子偏于降气化痰，止咳平喘，润肠通便，且无毒性。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 20,
    "query": "治疗湿热浸淫之痿证，应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏凿饮子",
      "B": "八正散",
      "C": "龙胆泻肝汤",
      "D": "加味二妙散",
      "E": "薏苡仁汤"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "疏凿饮子，攻逐水湿，分治表里水湿，使蓄积之水从二便排出。加味二妙散，清利湿热，补肾通脉，用于湿热内盛兼见虚火之痿证。B项治疗热淋；C项治疗肝胆湿热证；E项治疗着痹。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 21,
    "query": "患者高热不退,手足抽搐,有时神昏,舌绛而干,脉弦数。治疗应选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "羚角钩藤汤",
      "B": "大定风珠",
      "C": "天麻钩藤饮",
      "D": "消风散",
      "E": "镇肝熄风汤"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "根据题干所述，可以明确125题为肝热生风证，126题为湿疹治疗应分别选用能凉肝息风、增液舒筋的羚角钩藤汤和疏风养血、清热除湿的消风散。大定风珠的功用是滋阴息风，适用于治疗阴虚动风证。天麻钩藤饮的功用是平肝息风，清热活血，补益肝肾，适用于治疗肝阳偏亢，肝风上扰证。镇肝熄风汤的功用是镇肝熄风，滋阴潜阳，适用于治疗类中风。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 22,
    "query": "治疗痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤",
      "B": "清金化痰汤",
      "C": "桑杏汤",
      "D": "黛蛤散合加减泻白散",
      "E": "三拗汤合止嗽散"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽应燥湿化痰，理气止咳，代表方剂是二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤加减。肝火犯肺型咳嗽应清肺泻肝，顺火降气，代表方剂是黛蛤散合加减泻白散加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 23,
    "query": "患者皮肤疹出色红,瘙痒,抓破后渗出津水,舌苔白,脉浮数有力。治疗应选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "羚角钩藤汤",
      "B": "大定风珠",
      "C": "天麻钩藤饮",
      "D": "消风散",
      "E": "镇肝熄风汤"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "根据题干所述，可以明确125题为肝热生风证，126题为湿疹治疗应分别选用能凉肝息风、增液舒筋的羚角钩藤汤和疏风养血、清热除湿的消风散。大定风珠的功用是滋阴息风，适用于治疗阴虚动风证。天麻钩藤饮的功用是平肝息风，清热活血，补益肝肾，适用于治疗肝阳偏亢，肝风上扰证。镇肝熄风汤的功用是镇肝熄风，滋阴潜阳，适用于治疗类中风。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 24,
    "query": "治疗肝火犯肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤",
      "B": "清金化痰汤",
      "C": "桑杏汤",
      "D": "黛蛤散合加减泻白散",
      "E": "三拗汤合止嗽散"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽应燥湿化痰，理气止咳，代表方剂是二陈平胃散合三子养亲汤加减。肝火犯肺型咳嗽应清肺泻肝，顺火降气，代表方剂是黛蛤散合加减泻白散加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 25,
    "query": "治疗风疹的代表方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "六一散",
      "B": "当归六黄汤",
      "C": "消风散",
      "D": "龙胆泻肝汤",
      "E": "香薷散"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "六一散主治感暑夹湿，暑湿下注证;当归六黄汤主治阴虚火扰之盗汗;消风散主治风毒湿热之风疹、湿疹;龙胆泻肝汤主治肝胆实火上类证、肝经湿热下注证。香蕾散主治夏月伤于寒湿之阴暑证"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 26,
    "query": "胃痛暴作，畏寒喜暖，脘腹得温则痛减，口淡不渴，喜热饮，舌苔薄白，脉弦紧，其治法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "健脾化湿",
      "B": "温中健脾",
      "C": "温中补肾",
      "D": "散寒止痛",
      "E": "散寒除湿"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "胃痛暴作是由于寒邪犯胃或饮食生冷，寒积于胃，寒凝气滞，不通则痛所致；恶寒喜暖，得温则痛减，遇寒加重，由于寒遏胃肠，温则寒散，寒则增其邪势；胃无热邪则口淡不渴；由于热能胜寒则喜热饮；苔薄白为寒痛之象；脉弦紧，弦脉主痛，紧脉主寒。辨证分析为寒邪客胃证，治宜散寒止痛。胃痛隐隐、绵绵不休为脾胃虚寒，胃络失于温养；喜温喜按为虚则喜按，寒则喜暖；空腹痛甚、得食痛减是因胃络借饮食之暖，以温通血脉；时呕清水、神疲纳少、四肢倦怠乏力是因为脾运迟缓，水饮停留，胃虚和降无权；大便溏薄、舌淡、脉软弱为中虚有寒、脾阳虚弱之象。辨证分析为脾胃虚寒证，治宜温中健脾，和胃止痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 27,
    "query": "治疗湿疹的代表方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "六一散",
      "B": "当归六黄汤",
      "C": "消风散",
      "D": "龙胆泻肝汤",
      "E": "香薷散"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "六一散主治感暑夹湿，暑湿下注证;当归六黄汤主治阴虚火扰之盗汗;消风散主治风毒湿热之风疹、湿疹;龙胆泻肝汤主治肝胆实火上类证、肝经湿热下注证。香蕾散主治夏月伤于寒湿之阴暑证"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 28,
    "query": "胃痛隐隐，喜温喜按，空腹痛甚，得食痛减，泛吐清水，神疲乏力，大便溏薄，舌淡苔白，脉迟缓，其治法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "健脾化湿",
      "B": "温中健脾",
      "C": "温中补肾",
      "D": "散寒止痛",
      "E": "散寒除湿"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "胃痛暴作是由于寒邪犯胃或饮食生冷，寒积于胃，寒凝气滞，不通则痛所致；恶寒喜暖，得温则痛减，遇寒加重，由于寒遏胃肠，温则寒散，寒则增其邪势；胃无热邪则口淡不渴；由于热能胜寒则喜热饮；苔薄白为寒痛之象；脉弦紧，弦脉主痛，紧脉主寒。辨证分析为寒邪客胃证，治宜散寒止痛。胃痛隐隐、绵绵不休为脾胃虚寒，胃络失于温养；喜温喜按为虚则喜按，寒则喜暖；空腹痛甚、得食痛减是因胃络借饮食之暖，以温通血脉；时呕清水、神疲纳少、四肢倦怠乏力是因为脾运迟缓，水饮停留，胃虚和降无权；大便溏薄、舌淡、脉软弱为中虚有寒、脾阳虚弱之象。辨证分析为脾胃虚寒证，治宜温中健脾，和胃止痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 29,
    "query": "治疗虚热肺痿,应首先考虑的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "清燥救肺汤",
      "B": "炙甘草汤",
      "C": "麦门冬汤",
      "D": "大补阴丸",
      "E": "养阴清肺汤"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "炙甘草汤为阴阳气血双补之剂，既能治疗阴血不足、阳气虚弱证，又能治疗虚劳肺癌证;麦门冬汤清养肺胃，降逆下气，主治虚热肺痿证及胃阴不足证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 30,
    "query": "血栓性外痔好发于肛门齿线下",
    "options": {
      "A": "截石位3、7、11点",
      "B": "截石位3、9点",
      "C": "截石位6、12点",
      "D": "截石位6、7点",
      "E": "截石位9、12点"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "肛门病的部位常用膀胱截石位表示，以时钟面的十二等分标记法，将肛门分成12个部位。会阴部正中称12点，骶尾部正中称6点，其余依次类推。血栓性外痔好发于夏季，多发生肛缘截石位3、9点处。内痔是好发于截石位的3、7、11点处，又称为母痔区。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 31,
    "query": "治疗虚劳肺痿,应首先考虑的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "清燥救肺汤",
      "B": "炙甘草汤",
      "C": "麦门冬汤",
      "D": "大补阴丸",
      "E": "养阴清肺汤"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "炙甘草汤为阴阳气血双补之剂，既能治疗阴血不足、阳气虚弱证，又能治疗虚劳肺癌证;麦门冬汤清养肺胃，降逆下气，主治虚热肺痿证及胃阴不足证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 32,
    "query": "内痔好发于肛门齿线上",
    "options": {
      "A": "截石位3、7、11点",
      "B": "截石位3、9点",
      "C": "截石位6、12点",
      "D": "截石位6、7点",
      "E": "截石位9、12点"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "肛门病的部位常用膀胱截石位表示，以时钟面的十二等分标记法，将肛门分成12个部位。会阴部正中称12点，骶尾部正中称6点，其余依次类推。血栓性外痔好发于夏季，多发生肛缘截石位3、9点处。内痔是好发于截石位的3、7、11点处，又称为母痔区。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 33,
    "query": "邪气入经,指纹的表现是",
    "options": {
      "A": "显于风关",
      "B": "达于气关",
      "C": "达于命关",
      "D": "透关射甲",
      "E": "未超风关"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "指纹显于风关，是邪气入络，邪浅病轻，可见于外感初起。指纹达于气关，是邪气入经，邪深病重。指纹达于命关，是邪入脏腑，病情严重。指纹直达指端(称透关射甲)，提示病情凶险，预后不良。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 34,
    "query": "淋病，尿道口红肿，尿液浑浊如脂，尿急，尿频，尿痛，其证候是",
    "options": {
      "A": "血热内蕴证",
      "B": "湿热毒蕴证",
      "C": "毒邪流窜证",
      "D": "热毒蕴积证",
      "E": "阴虚毒恋证"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "淋病分两型，湿热毒蕴证（急性淋病）表现：尿道口红肿，尿液浑浊如脂，尿急，尿频，尿痛；阴虚毒恋型（慢性淋病）表现：小便短涩，淋漓不尽，白带增多，腰酸腿软，五心烦热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 35,
    "query": "邪入脏腑,病情严重者,指纹的表现是",
    "options": {
      "A": "显于风关",
      "B": "达于气关",
      "C": "达于命关",
      "D": "透关射甲",
      "E": "未超风关"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "指纹显于风关，是邪气入络，邪浅病轻，可见于外感初起。指纹达于气关，是邪气入经，邪深病重。指纹达于命关，是邪入脏腑，病情严重。指纹直达指端(称透关射甲)，提示病情凶险，预后不良。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 36,
    "query": "淋病，小便短涩，淋沥不尽，白带增多，腰酸腿软，五心烦热，其证候是",
    "options": {
      "A": "血热内蕴证",
      "B": "湿热毒蕴证",
      "C": "毒邪流窜证",
      "D": "热毒蕴积证",
      "E": "阴虚毒恋证"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "淋病分两型，湿热毒蕴证（急性淋病）表现：尿道口红肿，尿液浑浊如脂，尿急，尿频，尿痛；阴虚毒恋型（慢性淋病）表现：小便短涩，淋漓不尽，白带增多，腰酸腿软，五心烦热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 37,
    "query": "第9胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸的腧穴是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肝俞",
      "B": "心俞",
      "C": "脾俞",
      "D": "肺俞",
      "E": "肾俞"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "俞穴是脏腑之气输注之处，均位于腰背部。俞穴分布在足太阳膀胱经，肝俞当第9胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肾俞当第2腰椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;脾俞当第11胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肺俞当第3胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;心俞当第5胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 38,
    "query": "泌尿、男性疾病肝经湿热证的临床特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肾子上或阴茎上慢性结节，皮色不变，亦不疼痛",
      "B": "尿急尿频，尿液黄赤，茎中热痛，精液赤浊，舌红苔黄腻",
      "C": "阴囊红肿热痛，肾子肿痛，小便短赤，口苦纳呆，苔黄腻",
      "D": "肾子硬结，少腹或会阴胀痛，排尿困难或闭塞不通，舌暗或有瘀点、瘀斑",
      "E": "阴囊内积水，口干少津，大便秘结，舌干苔腻"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "肝经循行环绕阴部，至小腹，故阴囊红肿热痛；肝经影响胆经，故患者口苦；苔黄腻，小便短赤均为湿热表现。脾经出现病变，津液运化失常，故可出现口干少津，大便秘结而阴囊内却有积水。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 39,
    "query": "第11胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸的腧穴是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肝俞",
      "B": "心俞",
      "C": "脾俞",
      "D": "肺俞",
      "E": "肾俞"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "俞穴是脏腑之气输注之处，均位于腰背部。俞穴分布在足太阳膀胱经，肝俞当第9胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肾俞当第2腰椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;脾俞当第11胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;肺俞当第3胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸;心俞当第5胸椎棘突下旁开1.5寸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 40,
    "query": "泌尿、男性疾病脾经湿热证的临床特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肾子上或阴茎上慢性结节，皮色不变，亦不疼痛",
      "B": "尿急尿频，尿液黄赤，茎中热痛，精液赤浊，舌红苔黄腻",
      "C": "阴囊红肿热痛，肾子肿痛，小便短赤，口苦纳呆，苔黄腻",
      "D": "肾子硬结，少腹或会阴胀痛，排尿困难或闭塞不通，舌暗或有瘀点、瘀斑",
      "E": "阴囊内积水，口干少津，大便秘结，舌干苔腻"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "肝经循行环绕阴部，至小腹，故阴囊红肿热痛；肝经影响胆经，故患者口苦；苔黄腻，小便短赤均为湿热表现。脾经出现病变，津液运化失常，故可出现口干少津，大便秘结而阴囊内却有积水。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 41,
    "query": "鹅口疮心脾积热证症见",
    "options": {
      "A": "口舌白屑满布",
      "B": "口舌白屑散在",
      "C": "舌如草莓",
      "D": "舌起芒刺",
      "E": "恶寒发热"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "本题考查鹅口疮的临床表现。鹅口疮心脾积热证症见口舌白盾满布。鹅口疮虚火上浮证症见口舌白盾散在。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 42,
    "query": "治疗月经过少血瘀证，应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "B": "启宫丸",
      "C": "桃红四物汤",
      "D": "乌药汤",
      "E": "苍附导痰丸"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "月经过少血瘀证由瘀血内停、阻于冲任造成，其治疗法则为活血化瘀，理气调经。桃红四物汤贵在理气调经，活血消瘀。月经过少痰湿证由痰湿内停、冲任受阻造成，其治疗法则为祛湿化痰，理气调经。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 43,
    "query": "鹅口疮虚火上浮证症见",
    "options": {
      "A": "口舌白屑满布",
      "B": "口舌白屑散在",
      "C": "舌如草莓",
      "D": "舌起芒刺",
      "E": "恶寒发热"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "本题考查鹅口疮的临床表现。鹅口疮心脾积热证症见口舌白盾满布。鹅口疮虚火上浮证症见口舌白盾散在。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 44,
    "query": "治疗月经过少痰湿证，应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "B": "启宫丸",
      "C": "桃红四物汤",
      "D": "乌药汤",
      "E": "苍附导痰丸"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "月经过少血瘀证由瘀血内停、阻于冲任造成，其治疗法则为活血化瘀，理气调经。桃红四物汤贵在理气调经，活血消瘀。月经过少痰湿证由痰湿内停、冲任受阻造成，其治疗法则为祛湿化痰，理气调经。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 45,
    "query": "曲池在五输穴中,属于",
    "options": {
      "A": "井穴",
      "B": "荥穴",
      "C": "合穴",
      "D": "经穴",
      "E": "输穴"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "曲池为手阳明大肠经合穴，手阳明大肠经井、荥、输、经、合穴分别为商阳、二间、三间、阳溪、曲池。太溪为足少阴肾经输穴，足少阴肾经井、荣、输、经、合穴分别为涌泉、然谷、太溪、复溜、阴谷"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 46,
    "query": "治疗肺炎喘嗽心阳虚衰型应首选的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "参附汤合桂枝汤",
      "B": "黄连解毒汤合麻杏石甘汤",
      "C": "羚角钩藤汤合牛黄清心丸",
      "D": "温胆汤合安宫牛黄丸",
      "E": "参附龙牡救逆汤"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "肺炎喘嗽心阳虚衰型证候：面色苍白，口唇紫绀，呼吸浅促，四肢厥冷，虚烦不安或神萎淡漠，舌质略紫，苔薄白，脉细弱而数，指纹紫滞，可达命关。治法：温补心阳，救逆固脱。主方：参附龙牡救逆汤。肺炎喘嗽邪陷厥阴型证候：壮热烦躁，口唇紫绀，气促，喉间痰鸣，烦躁不安，神昏谵语，双目上视，舌红苔黄，指纹青紫，可达命关，或透关射甲。治法：平肝息风，清心开窍。主方：羚角钩藤汤合牛黄清心丸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 47,
    "query": "太溪在五输穴中,属于",
    "options": {
      "A": "井穴",
      "B": "荥穴",
      "C": "合穴",
      "D": "经穴",
      "E": "输穴"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "曲池为手阳明大肠经合穴，手阳明大肠经井、荥、输、经、合穴分别为商阳、二间、三间、阳溪、曲池。太溪为足少阴肾经输穴，足少阴肾经井、荣、输、经、合穴分别为涌泉、然谷、太溪、复溜、阴谷"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 48,
    "query": "治疗肺炎喘嗽邪陷厥阴型应首选的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "参附汤合桂枝汤",
      "B": "黄连解毒汤合麻杏石甘汤",
      "C": "羚角钩藤汤合牛黄清心丸",
      "D": "温胆汤合安宫牛黄丸",
      "E": "参附龙牡救逆汤"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "肺炎喘嗽心阳虚衰型证候：面色苍白，口唇紫绀，呼吸浅促，四肢厥冷，虚烦不安或神萎淡漠，舌质略紫，苔薄白，脉细弱而数，指纹紫滞，可达命关。治法：温补心阳，救逆固脱。主方：参附龙牡救逆汤。肺炎喘嗽邪陷厥阴型证候：壮热烦躁，口唇紫绀，气促，喉间痰鸣，烦躁不安，神昏谵语，双目上视，舌红苔黄，指纹青紫，可达命关，或透关射甲。治法：平肝息风，清心开窍。主方：羚角钩藤汤合牛黄清心丸。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 49,
    "query": "肝硬化门静脉高压时出现的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "蜘蛛痣",
      "B": "脾大",
      "C": "肝掌",
      "D": "扑翼样震颤",
      "E": "出血倾向"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "肝硬化肝功能失代偿期,雌激素失衡，有出血和贫血表现，会出现蜘蛛痣、黄疸等症。门静脉高压时，出现脾大，肝硬化最严重的并发症肝性脑病，会出现扑翼性震颤，易导致患者死亡。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 50,
    "query": "经间期出血量少，色红质黏腻，胸闷烦躁。治疗应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "知柏地黄汤",
      "B": "清肝止淋汤",
      "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "D": "解毒活血汤",
      "E": "逐瘀止血汤"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "“色红质黏腻，胸闷烦躁”—湿热证典型表现，故139题为经间期出血之湿热证，治以清利湿热，固冲止血，代表方为清肝止淋汤（去阿胶、红枣，加小蓟、茯苓）。“色紫黑，有小血块，少腹胀痛”—血瘀证典型表现，故140题为经间期出血之血瘀证，治以化瘀止血，代表方为逐瘀止血汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 51,
    "query": "肝硬化合并肝性脑病的特殊体征是",
    "options": {
      "A": "蜘蛛痣",
      "B": "脾大",
      "C": "肝掌",
      "D": "扑翼样震颤",
      "E": "出血倾向"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "肝硬化肝功能失代偿期,雌激素失衡，有出血和贫血表现，会出现蜘蛛痣、黄疸等症。门静脉高压时，出现脾大，肝硬化最严重的并发症肝性脑病，会出现扑翼性震颤，易导致患者死亡。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 52,
    "query": "经间期出血量少，色紫黑，有小血块，少腹胀痛。治疗应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "知柏地黄汤",
      "B": "清肝止淋汤",
      "C": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "D": "解毒活血汤",
      "E": "逐瘀止血汤"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "“色红质黏腻，胸闷烦躁”—湿热证典型表现，故139题为经间期出血之湿热证，治以清利湿热，固冲止血，代表方为清肝止淋汤（去阿胶、红枣，加小蓟、茯苓）。“色紫黑，有小血块，少腹胀痛”—血瘀证典型表现，故140题为经间期出血之血瘀证，治以化瘀止血，代表方为逐瘀止血汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 53,
    "query": "法的各种具体表现形式是指",
    "options": {
      "A": "法律的渊源",
      "B": "法律的规范",
      "C": "卫生法",
      "D": "卫生法律",
      "E": "卫生法规"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "卫生法渊源也叫作法律形式，是法的各种具体表现形式。包括宪法、卫生法律、卫生行政法规、卫生行政规章、地方性卫生法规、民族自治地方的卫生自治条例与单行条例、地方性卫生规章、卫生国际条约等。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 54,
    "query": "外感风热病人，可见的症状是",
    "options": {
      "A": "鼻孔咽喉干燥",
      "B": "鼻塞流浊涕",
      "C": "鼻流浊涕腥臭",
      "D": "鼻血鲜红",
      "E": "鼻塞流清涕"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "鼻孔咽喉干燥见于阴虚；鼻塞流浊涕见于外感风热或肺胃蕴热；鼻流腥臭脓涕，日久不愈者，见于鼻渊；鼻腔出血见于肺胃蕴热，或阴虚肺燥；鼻流清涕见于外感风寒或阳气虚弱。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 55,
    "query": "法律形式也叫作",
    "options": {
      "A": "法律的渊源",
      "B": "法律的规范",
      "C": "卫生法",
      "D": "卫生法律",
      "E": "卫生法规"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "卫生法渊源也叫作法律形式，是法的各种具体表现形式。包括宪法、卫生法律、卫生行政法规、卫生行政规章、地方性卫生法规、民族自治地方的卫生自治条例与单行条例、地方性卫生规章、卫生国际条约等。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 56,
    "query": "鼻渊病人，可见的症状是",
    "options": {
      "A": "鼻孔咽喉干燥",
      "B": "鼻塞流浊涕",
      "C": "鼻流浊涕腥臭",
      "D": "鼻血鲜红",
      "E": "鼻塞流清涕"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "鼻孔咽喉干燥见于阴虚；鼻塞流浊涕见于外感风热或肺胃蕴热；鼻流腥臭脓涕，日久不愈者，见于鼻渊；鼻腔出血见于肺胃蕴热，或阴虚肺燥；鼻流清涕见于外感风寒或阳气虚弱。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 57,
    "query": "可以双方当事人协商解决",
    "options": {
      "A": "医疗事故赔偿",
      "B": "申请再次鉴定",
      "C": "处理医疗事故工作",
      "D": "首次医疗事故技术鉴定工作",
      "E": "再次医疗事故技术鉴定工作"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "医疗事故赔偿有争白行快市解法的医定机拍当自协商解决之日起7日内向所在地卫生行政部门作出书面报告，并附具协议书。卫生行政部门应当依照本条例和有关法律、行政法规、部门规章的规定，对发生医疗事故的医疗机构和医务人员作出行政处理"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 58,
    "query": "既能祛风湿，又能消骨鲠的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "威灵仙",
      "B": "防己",
      "C": "狗脊",
      "D": "独活",
      "E": "木瓜"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "独活祛风湿，止痹痛，解表，尤其善治下半身风湿痹痛；防己祛风湿，止痛，利水消肿；威灵仙祛风湿，通经络，消骨鲠；木瓜舒筋活络，除湿和胃；狗脊祛风湿，补肝肾，强腰膝。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 59,
    "query": "卫生行政部门负责",
    "options": {
      "A": "医疗事故赔偿",
      "B": "申请再次鉴定",
      "C": "处理医疗事故工作",
      "D": "首次医疗事故技术鉴定工作",
      "E": "再次医疗事故技术鉴定工作"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "医疗事故赔偿有争白行快市解法的医定机拍当自协商解决之日起7日内向所在地卫生行政部门作出书面报告，并附具协议书。卫生行政部门应当依照本条例和有关法律、行政法规、部门规章的规定，对发生医疗事故的医疗机构和医务人员作出行政处理"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 60,
    "query": "既能祛风湿，又能强腰膝的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "威灵仙",
      "B": "防己",
      "C": "狗脊",
      "D": "独活",
      "E": "木瓜"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "独活祛风湿，止痹痛，解表，尤其善治下半身风湿痹痛；防己祛风湿，止痛，利水消肿；威灵仙祛风湿，通经络，消骨鲠；木瓜舒筋活络，除湿和胃；狗脊祛风湿，补肝肾，强腰膝。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 61,
    "query": "阿托品是对抗有机磷杀虫药中毒的",
    "options": {
      "A": "毒蕈碱样症状",
      "B": "烟碱样症状",
      "C": "休克",
      "D": "心力衰竭",
      "E": "呼吸衰竭"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "阿托品能阻断乙酰胆碱的作用，缓解毒革碱样症状及中枢神经系统症状，对烟碱样症状无效，不能恢复胆碱酯酶活力。胆碱酯酶复能剂可恢复被抑制的胆碱酯酶的活性，并可缓解烟碱样症状。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 62,
    "query": "心绞痛与急性心肌梗死的主要鉴别依据是",
    "options": {
      "A": "胸痛的部位",
      "B": "胸痛的性质",
      "C": "胸痛持续的时间",
      "D": "心电图检查",
      "E": "红细胞沉降率"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "急性心肌梗死心电图出现病理性Q波，心绞痛仅为ST段改变；心绞痛胸痛持续3分钟，心脏神经官能症持续的时间较长。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 63,
    "query": "胆碱酯酶复能剂是解除有机磷杀虫药中毒的",
    "options": {
      "A": "毒蕈碱样症状",
      "B": "烟碱样症状",
      "C": "休克",
      "D": "心力衰竭",
      "E": "呼吸衰竭"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "阿托品能阻断乙酰胆碱的作用，缓解毒革碱样症状及中枢神经系统症状，对烟碱样症状无效，不能恢复胆碱酯酶活力。胆碱酯酶复能剂可恢复被抑制的胆碱酯酶的活性，并可缓解烟碱样症状。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 64,
    "query": "心绞痛与心脏神经官能症的主要鉴别依据是",
    "options": {
      "A": "胸痛的部位",
      "B": "胸痛的性质",
      "C": "胸痛持续的时间",
      "D": "心电图检查",
      "E": "红细胞沉降率"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "急性心肌梗死心电图出现病理性Q波，心绞痛仅为ST段改变；心绞痛胸痛持续3分钟，心脏神经官能症持续的时间较长。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 65,
    "query": "流行性出血热治疗原则为\"稳、促、导、透\"的时期是",
    "options": {
      "A": "发热期",
      "B": "低血压休克期",
      "C": "少尿期",
      "D": "多尿期",
      "E": "恢复期"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "流行性出血热治疗原则。①发热期:控制感染，减轻外渗，改善中毒症状和预防DIC;②低血压休克期:积极补充血容量，注意纠正酸中毒和改善微循环功能;③少尿期:“稳、促、导、透”;④多尿期:移行期和多尿早期的治疗同少尿期。多尿后期主要是维持水和电解质平衡，防治继发感染。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 66,
    "query": "从耳后，入耳中至目外眦之下的经脉是",
    "options": {
      "A": "足太阳膀胱经",
      "B": "手阳明大肠经",
      "C": "足少阳胆经",
      "D": "手少阳三焦经",
      "E": "手太阳小肠经"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "手少阳三焦经，从耳后分出，进入耳中，再浅出到耳前，经上关、面颊到目外眦。手太阳小肠经，从缺盆分出，沿着颈部，上达面颊，到目外眦，向后进入耳中。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 67,
    "query": "流行性出血热治疗原则为补充血容量,纠正酸中毒,改善微循环的时期是",
    "options": {
      "A": "发热期",
      "B": "低血压休克期",
      "C": "少尿期",
      "D": "多尿期",
      "E": "恢复期"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "流行性出血热治疗原则。①发热期:控制感染，减轻外渗，改善中毒症状和预防DIC;②低血压休克期:积极补充血容量，注意纠正酸中毒和改善微循环功能;③少尿期:“稳、促、导、透”;④多尿期:移行期和多尿早期的治疗同少尿期。多尿后期主要是维持水和电解质平衡，防治继发感染。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 68,
    "query": "至目外眦，转入耳中的经脉是",
    "options": {
      "A": "足太阳膀胱经",
      "B": "手阳明大肠经",
      "C": "足少阳胆经",
      "D": "手少阳三焦经",
      "E": "手太阳小肠经"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "手少阳三焦经，从耳后分出，进入耳中，再浅出到耳前，经上关、面颊到目外眦。手太阳小肠经，从缺盆分出，沿着颈部，上达面颊，到目外眦，向后进入耳中。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 69,
    "query": "丙型肝炎病毒复制的直接标志是",
    "options": {
      "A": "乙型肝炎病毒e抗体阳性",
      "B": "丙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性",
      "C": "乙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性",
      "D": "乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性",
      "E": "丙型肝炎抗体阳性"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "丙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性是病毒感染和复制的直接标志。乙型肝类病毒表面抗原阳性反应HBV感染，阴性不能排除HBV感染;乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性表示病毒复制活跃且有较强的传染性:乙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性是病毒复制和传染性的直接标志。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 70,
    "query": "眩晕兼见头重如裹，胸闷恶心，神疲困倦，舌胖，苔白腻，脉濡滑，可在主方的基础上加",
    "options": {
      "A": "气海、脾俞、胃俞",
      "B": "太溪、悬钟、三阴交",
      "C": "行间、侠溪、太溪",
      "D": "头维、丰隆、中脘",
      "E": "风池、百会、内关、太冲"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "眩晕兼见头重如裹，胸闷恶心，神疲困倦，舌胖，苔白腻，脉濡滑，为痰湿中阻证，治疗应加头维、丰隆、中脘健脾化痰祛湿。眩晕兼见耳鸣，腰膝酸软，遗精，舌淡，脉沉细，为肾精亏损证，治疗应加太溪、悬钟、三阴交补肾益精。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 71,
    "query": "乙型肝炎病毒复制的直接标志是",
    "options": {
      "A": "乙型肝炎病毒e抗体阳性",
      "B": "丙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性",
      "C": "乙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性",
      "D": "乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性",
      "E": "丙型肝炎抗体阳性"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "丙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性是病毒感染和复制的直接标志。乙型肝类病毒表面抗原阳性反应HBV感染，阴性不能排除HBV感染;乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性表示病毒复制活跃且有较强的传染性:乙型肝炎病毒核酸阳性是病毒复制和传染性的直接标志。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 72,
    "query": "眩晕兼见耳鸣，腰膝酸软，遗精，舌淡，脉沉细，可在主方的基础上加",
    "options": {
      "A": "气海、脾俞、胃俞",
      "B": "太溪、悬钟、三阴交",
      "C": "行间、侠溪、太溪",
      "D": "头维、丰隆、中脘",
      "E": "风池、百会、内关、太冲"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "眩晕兼见头重如裹，胸闷恶心，神疲困倦，舌胖，苔白腻，脉濡滑，为痰湿中阻证，治疗应加头维、丰隆、中脘健脾化痰祛湿。眩晕兼见耳鸣，腰膝酸软，遗精，舌淡，脉沉细，为肾精亏损证，治疗应加太溪、悬钟、三阴交补肾益精。"
  }
]