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[
{
"question_num": 1,
"query": "“气之本“指的是",
"options": {
"A": "肝",
"B": "心",
"C": "脾",
"D": "肺",
"E": "肾"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "《素问。六节藏象论》;“肺者,气之本。《类证治裁，喘证》:“肾为气之根。“"
},
{
"question_num": 2,
"query": "“气之根”指的是",
"options": {
"A": "肝",
"B": "心",
"C": "脾",
"D": "肺",
"E": "肾"
},
"answer": "E",
"reason": "《素问。六节藏象论》;“肺者,气之本。《类证治裁，喘证》:“肾为气之根。“"
},
{
"question_num": 3,
"query": "五脏与五志的关系中，在志为怒的是",
"options": {
"A": "心",
"B": "肝",
"C": "脾",
"D": "肺",
"E": "肾"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "心在志为喜,肺在志为忧(悲),肝在志为怒,脾在志为思,肾在志为恐。"
},
{
"question_num": 4,
"query": "五脏与五志的关系中，在志为恐的是",
"options": {
"A": "心",
"B": "肝",
"C": "脾",
"D": "肺",
"E": "肾"
},
"answer": "E",
"reason": "心在志为喜,肺在志为忧(悲),肝在志为怒,脾在志为思,肾在志为恐。"
},
{
"question_num": 5,
"query": "上述各项,行于脉中的是",
"options": {
"A": "元气",
"B": "宗气",
"C": "营气",
"D": "卫气",
"E": "经气"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "营气行于脉中而有营养作用，卫气行于脉外而有保卫作用。"
},
{
"question_num": 6,
"query": "上述各项,行于脉外的是",
"options": {
"A": "元气",
"B": "宗气",
"C": "营气",
"D": "卫气",
"E": "经气"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "营气行于脉中而有营养作用，卫气行于脉外而有保卫作用。"
},
{
"question_num": 7,
"query": "手三阳经的走向规律是",
"options": {
"A": "从胸走手",
"B": "从手走头",
"C": "从头走足",
"D": "从足走腹",
"E": "从腹走头"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "十二经脉的走向规律:手三阴经从胸走手；手三阳经从手走头;足三阳经从头走足；足三阴经从足走腹。"
},
{
"question_num": 8,
"query": "足三阴经的走向规律是",
"options": {
"A": "从胸走手",
"B": "从手走头",
"C": "从头走足",
"D": "从足走腹",
"E": "从腹走头"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "十二经脉的走向规律:手三阴经从胸走手；手三阳经从手走头;足三阳经从头走足；足三阴经从足走腹。"
},
{
"question_num": 9,
"query": "上述各项,其致病特点为“一气一病，症状相似\"的是",
"options": {
"A": "六淫",
"B": "疠气",
"C": "痰饮",
"D": "七情内伤",
"E": "劳逸失度"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "疠气致病特点:发病急骤,病情危笃:传染性强,易于流行:一气一病.症状相似。痰饮致病特点;阻滞气血运行；影响水液代谢;易于蒙蔽心神；致病广泛，变幻多端。"
},
{
"question_num": 10,
"query": "上述各项,其致病特点为“致病广泛，变幻多端\"的是",
"options": {
"A": "六淫",
"B": "疠气",
"C": "痰饮",
"D": "七情内伤",
"E": "劳逸失度"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "疠气致病特点:发病急骤,病情危笃:传染性强,易于流行:一气一病.症状相似。痰饮致病特点;阻滞气血运行；影响水液代谢;易于蒙蔽心神；致病广泛，变幻多端。"
},
{
"question_num": 11,
"query": "“大实有羸状”的病机是",
"options": {
"A": "真虚假实",
"B": "真实假虚",
"C": "虚中夹实",
"D": "实中夹虚",
"E": "因虚致实"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "真实假虚:本质为“实\"、表现为\"虚“的假象,为“大实有羸状\"。真虚假实：本质为“实虚、表现为\"实“的假象“，韦”至虚有盛候”。"
},
{
"question_num": 12,
"query": "“至虚有盛候”的病机是",
"options": {
"A": "真虚假实",
"B": "真实假虚",
"C": "虚中夹实",
"D": "实中夹虚",
"E": "因虚致实"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "真实假虚:本质为“实\"、表现为\"虚“的假象,为“大实有羸状\"。真虚假实：本质为“实虚、表现为\"实“的假象“，韦”至虚有盛候”。"
},
{
"question_num": 13,
"query": "素体阴虚火旺,复感寒湿之邪的舌象是",
"options": {
"A": "红绛舌,白滑腻苔",
"B": "绛舌,黄白苔",
"C": "淡白舌,黄裂苔",
"D": "淡白舌,黄腻苔",
"E": "红瘦薄舌,黑苔"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "】红绛舌,白滑腻苔,舌色红绛属内热盛,而白滑苔又常见于寒湿内阻,分析其成因可能是由于外感热病,营分有热,故舌色红绛,但气分有湿则苔白滑而腻;又有素体阴虚火旺,复感寒湿之邪或饮食积滞,亦可见红绛舌，白滑腻苔。"
},
{
"question_num": 14,
"query": "气分有湿，营分有热常见的舌象是",
"options": {
"A": "红绛舌,白滑腻苔",
"B": "绛舌,黄白苔",
"C": "淡白舌,黄裂苔",
"D": "淡白舌,黄腻苔",
"E": "红瘦薄舌,黑苔"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "】红绛舌,白滑腻苔,舌色红绛属内热盛,而白滑苔又常见于寒湿内阻,分析其成因可能是由于外感热病,营分有热,故舌色红绛,但气分有湿则苔白滑而腻;又有素体阴虚火旺,复感寒湿之邪或饮食积滞,亦可见红绛舌，白滑腻苔。"
},
{
"question_num": 15,
"query": "疼痛由一处抽掣牵引连及他处,其临床意义是",
"options": {
"A": "气滞作痛",
"B": "瘀血作痛",
"C": "经脉失养",
"D": "阳气不足",
"E": "阴虚火旺"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "擎痛:抽擎牵引作痛,由一处连及他处,多为经脉失养,或筋脉阻滞不通所致。隐痛:痛势较缓,绵绵不休,多为精血亏虚,或阳气不足,机体失养所致。"
},
{
"question_num": 16,
"query": "其经脉“入上齿中，还出挟口，环唇”的是（）",
"options": {
"A": "胃经",
"B": "肾经",
"C": "小肠经",
"D": "心经",
"E": "胆经"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "足阳明胃经起于鼻、入上齿，环口夹唇,循喉咙。手太阳小肠经起于小指(少泽穴→腕→前臂外侧缘→肘→上臂外侧后缘→肩胛->大椎……(外眼角)→面颊→目眶下→鼻→内眼角(交足太阳膀胱经)。"
},
{
"question_num": 17,
"query": "痛势较缓,绵绵不休,喜温喜按,其临床意义是",
"options": {
"A": "气滞作痛",
"B": "瘀血作痛",
"C": "经脉失养",
"D": "阳气不足",
"E": "阴虚火旺"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "擎痛:抽擎牵引作痛,由一处连及他处,多为经脉失养,或筋脉阻滞不通所致。隐痛:痛势较缓,绵绵不休,多为精血亏虚,或阳气不足,机体失养所致。"
},
{
"question_num": 18,
"query": "其经脉分支，既至“目锐眦”，又至“目内眦”的是（）",
"options": {
"A": "胃经",
"B": "肾经",
"C": "小肠经",
"D": "心经",
"E": "胆经"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "足阳明胃经起于鼻、入上齿，环口夹唇,循喉咙。手太阳小肠经起于小指(少泽穴→腕→前臂外侧缘→肘→上臂外侧后缘→肩胛->大椎……(外眼角)→面颊→目眶下→鼻→内眼角(交足太阳膀胱经)。"
},
{
"question_num": 19,
"query": "紧脉的主病是",
"options": {
"A": "邪热尤盛",
"B": "实寒证",
"C": "血瘀证",
"D": "虚阳浮越于外",
"E": "湿证"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "紧脉;绷急弹指,状如转索,主实寒证、疼痛、宿食。细脉:脉细如线,应指明显,主气血俱庶,湿证。"
},
{
"question_num": 20,
"query": "奶麻的特点是（）",
"options": {
"A": "发热3~4天，热退疹出",
"B": "发热3~4天，皮疹出现，热度增高",
"C": "发热1天左右出淡红色斑丘疹",
"D": "发热1~2天，出现斑疹、丘疹、水疱及结痂",
"E": "发热半天至1天出疹，疹点细小鲜红，颜面无疹"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "若发热3~4天后热退疹出，疹细稠密，如玫瑰红色，常为奶麻。风痧患儿发热1天左右，皮肤出现淡红色斑丘疹，可伴耳后枕部淋巴结肿大。皮疹初见于头面部，迅速向下蔓延，1天内布满躯千和四肢。出疹2~3天后，发热渐退，皮疹逐渐隐没，皮疹消退后，可有皮肤脱盾，但无色素沉着。"
},
{
"question_num": 21,
"query": "细脉的主病是",
"options": {
"A": "邪热尤盛",
"B": "实寒证",
"C": "血瘀证",
"D": "虚阳浮越于外",
"E": "湿证"
},
"answer": "E",
"reason": "紧脉;绷急弹指,状如转索,主实寒证、疼痛、宿食。细脉:脉细如线,应指明显,主气血俱庶,湿证。"
},
{
"question_num": 22,
"query": "风痧的特点是（）",
"options": {
"A": "发热3~4天，热退疹出",
"B": "发热3~4天，皮疹出现，热度增高",
"C": "发热1天左右出淡红色斑丘疹",
"D": "发热1~2天，出现斑疹、丘疹、水疱及结痂",
"E": "发热半天至1天出疹，疹点细小鲜红，颜面无疹"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "若发热3~4天后热退疹出，疹细稠密，如玫瑰红色，常为奶麻。风痧患儿发热1天左右，皮肤出现淡红色斑丘疹，可伴耳后枕部淋巴结肿大。皮疹初见于头面部，迅速向下蔓延，1天内布满躯千和四肢。出疹2~3天后，发热渐退，皮疹逐渐隐没，皮疹消退后，可有皮肤脱盾，但无色素沉着。"
},
{
"question_num": 23,
"query": "真寒假热的面色是",
"options": {
"A": "满面通红",
"B": "面红如妆",
"C": "面色紫暗",
"D": "面呈青色",
"E": "面呈黑色"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "真寒假热(虚阳浮越证);阴盛格阳、戴阳证;自觉发热,触胸腹无灼热;面红如妆,非满面通红;口渴但不欲饮;便秘但质不燥。真热假寒；阳盛格阴;胸腹灼热,口渴,便黄,舌质红，舌苔黄,脉有力;四肢厥冷,面色紫暗,脉沉迟。"
},
{
"question_num": 24,
"query": "其病因属感受特殊之毒的是（）",
"options": {
"A": "红丝疔",
"B": "失荣",
"C": "漆疮",
"D": "水火烫伤",
"E": "酒渣鼻"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "漆疮属于接触性皮炎的一种，主要是感受漆毒引起的。水火烫伤是由于热力外来伤害作用于人体而引起的一种局部或全身急性损伤性疾病。外科疾病的病因大致有外感六淫、情志内伤、饮食不节、外来伤害，劳伤虚损、感受特殊之毒,凝血瘀等7个方面。感受特殊之毒:虫毒、蛇毒、疯犬毒、药毒、食物毒、疫毒、漆毒等。外来伤害:跌仆损伤、水火烫伤、冻伤等。"
},
{
"question_num": 25,
"query": "真热假寒的面色是",
"options": {
"A": "满面通红",
"B": "面红如妆",
"C": "面色紫暗",
"D": "面呈青色",
"E": "面呈黑色"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "真寒假热(虚阳浮越证);阴盛格阳、戴阳证;自觉发热,触胸腹无灼热;面红如妆,非满面通红;口渴但不欲饮;便秘但质不燥。真热假寒；阳盛格阴;胸腹灼热,口渴,便黄,舌质红，舌苔黄,脉有力;四肢厥冷,面色紫暗,脉沉迟。"
},
{
"question_num": 26,
"query": "其病因属外来伤害的是（）",
"options": {
"A": "红丝疔",
"B": "失荣",
"C": "漆疮",
"D": "水火烫伤",
"E": "酒渣鼻"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "漆疮属于接触性皮炎的一种，主要是感受漆毒引起的。水火烫伤是由于热力外来伤害作用于人体而引起的一种局部或全身急性损伤性疾病。外科疾病的病因大致有外感六淫、情志内伤、饮食不节、外来伤害，劳伤虚损、感受特殊之毒,凝血瘀等7个方面。感受特殊之毒:虫毒、蛇毒、疯犬毒、药毒、食物毒、疫毒、漆毒等。外来伤害:跌仆损伤、水火烫伤、冻伤等。"
},
{
"question_num": 27,
"query": "上述各项,为气随血脱证临床表现的是",
"options": {
"A": "心悸、气短、失眠",
"B": "气短乏力,伴出血",
"C": "大出血后汗出肢厥",
"D": "乏力,伴腹部刺痛拒按",
"E": "呼吸微弱,伴大汗出"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "气随血脱证:大出血时,突然面色和蔡白,大汗淋漓,四肢厥冷,呼吸微弱,甚至晕厥,舌质淡，脉微欲绝或见芤脉。气虚血瘀证;面色淡白,神疲乏力,气短懒言,食少纳呆;面色晦滞,局部青紫.肿胀,刺痛不移而拒按,或肢体瘫痪、麻木,或可触及肿块,舌质淡紫或有瘀点、瘀班,脉细涩。"
},
{
"question_num": 28,
"query": "属于Ⅰ期内痔特点的是（)",
"options": {
"A": "无痔核脱出",
"B": "便时痔核能脱出肛外、便后能自行还纳",
"C": "便时痔核经常脫出肛外，不能自行还纳",
"D": "痔核即脱出肛外，手托亦常不能复位",
"E": "痔核经常位于肛外，易感染"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "内痔分期:①Ⅰ期内痔无明显自觉症状，痔核小，便时粪便带血，或滴血，量少，无痔核脱出，镜检痔核小，质软色红;②Ⅱ期内痔周期性、无痛性便血，呈滴血或射血状，量较多，痔核较大，便时痔核能脱出肛外，便后能自行还纳;③Ⅲ期内痔便血少或无便血，痔核大，呈灰白色，便时痔核经常脱出肛外,甚至行走、咳嗽、喷嚏、站立时也会脱出肛门，不能自行还纳，须用手托、平卧休息或热敷后方能复位；④Ⅳ期内痔平时或腹压稍大时痔核即脱由肛外，手托亦常不能复位。痔核经常位于肛外，易感染，形成水肿、糜烂和坏死，疼病剧烈。"
},
{
"question_num": 29,
"query": "上述各项,为气虚血瘀证临床表现的是",
"options": {
"A": "心悸、气短、失眠",
"B": "气短乏力,伴出血",
"C": "大出血后汗出肢厥",
"D": "乏力,伴腹部刺痛拒按",
"E": "呼吸微弱,伴大汗出"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "气随血脱证:大出血时,突然面色和蔡白,大汗淋漓,四肢厥冷,呼吸微弱,甚至晕厥,舌质淡，脉微欲绝或见芤脉。气虚血瘀证;面色淡白,神疲乏力,气短懒言,食少纳呆;面色晦滞,局部青紫.肿胀,刺痛不移而拒按,或肢体瘫痪、麻木,或可触及肿块,舌质淡紫或有瘀点、瘀班,脉细涩。"
},
{
"question_num": 30,
"query": "属于Ⅱ期内痔特点的是（）",
"options": {
"A": "无痔核脱出",
"B": "便时痔核能脱出肛外、便后能自行还纳",
"C": "便时痔核经常脫出肛外，不能自行还纳",
"D": "痔核即脱出肛外，手托亦常不能复位",
"E": "痔核经常位于肛外，易感染"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "内痔分期:①Ⅰ期内痔无明显自觉症状，痔核小，便时粪便带血，或滴血，量少，无痔核脱出，镜检痔核小，质软色红;②Ⅱ期内痔周期性、无痛性便血，呈滴血或射血状，量较多，痔核较大，便时痔核能脱出肛外，便后能自行还纳;③Ⅲ期内痔便血少或无便血，痔核大，呈灰白色，便时痔核经常脱出肛外,甚至行走、咳嗽、喷嚏、站立时也会脱出肛门，不能自行还纳，须用手托、平卧休息或热敷后方能复位；④Ⅳ期内痔平时或腹压稍大时痔核即脱由肛外，手托亦常不能复位。痔核经常位于肛外，易感染，形成水肿、糜烂和坏死，疼病剧烈。"
},
{
"question_num": 31,
"query": "上述各项,以胸胁胀痛、情志抑郁、便溏不爽为主要特征的是",
"options": {
"A": "肝胃不和证",
"B": "肝郁气滞证",
"C": "肝脾不调证",
"D": "胃肠气滞证",
"E": "肝胆湿热证"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "肝脾不调证以胸胁胀痛、情志抑郁、便溏不爽为主受特征，肝胃不和证以脘胁胀痛、嗳气、吞酸、情绪抑郁为主要特征。"
},
{
"question_num": 32,
"query": "治疗带下过少血枯瘀阻证，应首选的方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "左归丸",
"B": "右归丸",
"C": "四物汤",
"D": "小营煎",
"E": "六味地黄丸"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "带下过少肝肾亏损证治法:滋补肝肾，养精益血。代表方剂:左归九加减。带下过少血枯瘀阻证治法:补血益精，活血化瘀。代表方剂:小营煎加丹参、桃仁、牛膝。"
},
{
"question_num": 33,
"query": "上述各项,以脘胁胀痛、嗳气、吞酸、情绪抑郁为主要特征的是",
"options": {
"A": "肝胃不和证",
"B": "肝郁气滞证",
"C": "肝脾不调证",
"D": "胃肠气滞证",
"E": "肝胆湿热证"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "肝脾不调证以胸胁胀痛、情志抑郁、便溏不爽为主受特征，肝胃不和证以脘胁胀痛、嗳气、吞酸、情绪抑郁为主要特征。"
},
{
"question_num": 34,
"query": "治疗带下过少肝肾亏损证，应首选的方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "左归丸",
"B": "右归丸",
"C": "四物汤",
"D": "小营煎",
"E": "六味地黄丸"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "带下过少肝肾亏损证治法:滋补肝肾，养精益血。代表方剂:左归九加减。带下过少血枯瘀阻证治法:补血益精，活血化瘀。代表方剂:小营煎加丹参、桃仁、牛膝。"
},
{
"question_num": 35,
"query": "组成中含有干地黄、泽泻、炮附子的方剂是",
"options": {
"A": "大补阴丸",
"B": "一贯煎",
"C": "肾气丸",
"D": "地黄饮子",
"E": "六味地黄丸"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "肾气丸盛组成药物：干地黄山药、山萸肉、泽泻、茯苓、牡丹皮、桂枝、炮附子。地黄饮子组成药物:熟干地黄、炒山茱萸、石斛、麦门冬.五味子、巴戟天、肉苁蓉、炮附子、官桂、白茯苓、菖蒲、远志、生姜、大枣。"
},
{
"question_num": 36,
"query": "隔蒜灸的作用（）",
"options": {
"A": "解表散寒，温中止呕",
"B": "清热解毒杀虫",
"C": "温肾壮阳",
"D": "回阳救逆固脱",
"E": "温经散寒，活血行滞"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "隔蒜炙有清热解毒、杀虫等作用，多用于治疗疬、肺痨及肿疡初起等病证。隔盐炙有回阳、救逆、固脱的作用，多用于治疗伤寒阴证或中风脱证等。"
},
{
"question_num": 37,
"query": "组成中含有熟干地黄、白茯苓、炮附子的方剂是",
"options": {
"A": "大补阴丸",
"B": "一贯煎",
"C": "肾气丸",
"D": "地黄饮子",
"E": "六味地黄丸"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "肾气丸盛组成药物：干地黄山药、山萸肉、泽泻、茯苓、牡丹皮、桂枝、炮附子。地黄饮子组成药物:熟干地黄、炒山茱萸、石斛、麦门冬.五味子、巴戟天、肉苁蓉、炮附子、官桂、白茯苓、菖蒲、远志、生姜、大枣。"
},
{
"question_num": 38,
"query": "隔盐灸的作用（）",
"options": {
"A": "解表散寒，温中止呕",
"B": "清热解毒杀虫",
"C": "温肾壮阳",
"D": "回阳救逆固脱",
"E": "温经散寒，活血行滞"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "隔蒜炙有清热解毒、杀虫等作用，多用于治疗疬、肺痨及肿疡初起等病证。隔盐炙有回阳、救逆、固脱的作用，多用于治疗伤寒阴证或中风脱证等。"
},
{
"question_num": 39,
"query": "可出现呕血与黑便伴慢性、周期性、节律性上腹痛的疾病是",
"options": {
"A": "慢性胃炎",
"B": "消化性溃疡",
"C": "食管炎",
"D": "肝硬化门静脉高压",
"E": "胰腺炎"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "呕血与黑便:①伴慢性、周期性、节律性上腹痛,提示消化性满疡;②伴蛛痣、肝掌、黄疸、腹壁静脉曲张、腹水、脾大,提示肝硬化门静脉高压;③伴皮肤黏膜出血者,提示血液病及急性传染病;④伴右上腹痛、黄疸、寒战高热,提示和急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎。"
},
{
"question_num": 40,
"query": "被称作血海的经脉是（）",
"options": {
"A": "足阳明经",
"B": "任脉",
"C": "督脉",
"D": "冲脉",
"E": "足太阴经"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "冲脉的特点:①冲脉与督、任脉、足阳明、足少阴等经有联系，可涵蓄调节十二经气血，故有“十二经脉之海“”血海”之称;②《灵枢》:“夫冲脉者,五脏六腑之海也，五脏六腑皆禀焉”。131~132.EB【解析)胃痞湿热阻胃证,治宜清热化湿，和胃消痞。方药:连朴饮加减。胃痞痰湿中阻证，治宜除湿化痰，理气和中。方药:二陈平胃汤加减。"
},
{
"question_num": 41,
"query": "可出现呕血与黑便伴腹壁静脉曲张、腹水、脾大的疾病是",
"options": {
"A": "慢性胃炎",
"B": "消化性溃疡",
"C": "食管炎",
"D": "肝硬化门静脉高压",
"E": "胰腺炎"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "呕血与黑便:①伴慢性、周期性、节律性上腹痛,提示消化性满疡;②伴蛛痣、肝掌、黄疸、腹壁静脉曲张、腹水、脾大,提示肝硬化门静脉高压;③伴皮肤黏膜出血者,提示血液病及急性传染病;④伴右上腹痛、黄疸、寒战高热,提示和急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎。"
},
{
"question_num": 42,
"query": "被称作五脏六腑之海的经脉是（）",
"options": {
"A": "足阳明经",
"B": "任脉",
"C": "督脉",
"D": "冲脉",
"E": "足太阴经"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "冲脉的特点:①冲脉与督、任脉、足阳明、足少阴等经有联系，可涵蓄调节十二经气血，故有“十二经脉之海“”血海”之称;②《灵枢》:“夫冲脉者,五脏六腑之海也，五脏六腑皆禀焉”。131~132.EB【解析)胃痞湿热阻胃证,治宜清热化湿，和胃消痞。方药:连朴饮加减。胃痞痰湿中阻证，治宜除湿化痰，理气和中。方药:二陈平胃汤加减。"
},
{
"question_num": 43,
"query": "器质性二尖瓣关闭不全的杂音特点",
"options": {
"A": "前倾坐位深吸气时杂音听诊更明显",
"B": "前倾坐位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显",
"C": "左侧卧位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显",
"D": "左侧卧位深吸气时杂音听诊更明显",
"E": "仰卧位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显"
},
"answer": "E",
"reason": "左侧卧位可使二尖瓣狭窗的舒张中晚期隆样杂音更明显;前倾坐位可使主动脉瓣关闭不全的舒张期杂音更易于听到;仰卧位可使肺动脉瓣、二尖瓣、三尖瓣关闭不全的杂音更明显。深吸气时右心(三尖瓣、肺动脉瓣)的杂音增强;深呼气时左心(二尖瓣、主动脉瓣)的杂音增强。"
},
{
"question_num": 44,
"query": "胃痞湿热阻胃证的代表方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "越鞠丸合枳术丸加减",
"B": "二陈汤合平胃散加减",
"C": "木香顺气丸加减",
"D": "枳实消痞丸加减",
"E": "泻心汤合连朴饮加减"
},
"answer": "E",
"reason": "胃脾湿热阻胃证，治宜清热化湿，和胃消痞。方药：连朴饮加减。胃痞痰湿中阻证，治宜除湿化痰，理气和中。方药：二陈平胃汤加减。"
},
{
"question_num": 45,
"query": "主动脉瓣关闭不全的杂音特点是",
"options": {
"A": "前倾坐位深吸气时杂音听诊更明显",
"B": "前倾坐位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显",
"C": "左侧卧位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显",
"D": "左侧卧位深吸气时杂音听诊更明显",
"E": "仰卧位深呼气时杂音听诊更明显"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "左侧卧位可使二尖瓣狭窗的舒张中晚期隆样杂音更明显;前倾坐位可使主动脉瓣关闭不全的舒张期杂音更易于听到;仰卧位可使肺动脉瓣、二尖瓣、三尖瓣关闭不全的杂音更明显。深吸气时右心(三尖瓣、肺动脉瓣)的杂音增强;深呼气时左心(二尖瓣、主动脉瓣)的杂音增强。"
},
{
"question_num": 46,
"query": "胃痞痰湿中阻证的代表方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "越鞠丸合枳术丸加减",
"B": "二陈汤合平胃散加减",
"C": "木香顺气丸加减",
"D": "枳实消痞丸加减",
"E": "泻心汤合连朴饮加减"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "胃脾湿热阻胃证，治宜清热化湿，和胃消痞。方药：连朴饮加减。胃痞痰湿中阻证，治宜除湿化痰，理气和中。方药：二陈平胃汤加减。"
},
{
"question_num": 47,
"query": "腹壁紧张度增加呈揉面感，应考虑的疾病是",
"options": {
"A": "慢性肝炎",
"B": "急性胃肠炎",
"C": "胃肠道穿孔",
"D": "结核性腹膜炎",
"E": "重症肌无力"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "结核性腹膜炎时，全腹紧张,触之犹如揉面的柔韧之感，不易压陷,称为面团感或揉面感,此征还见于癌性腹膜炎。和急性胃肠道穿孔或实质脏器破裂所致急性弥漫性腹膜炎,因炎症刺激腹膜引起腹肌反射性痉挛,腹壁常有明显紧张,甚至强直硬如木板,称为板状腹。"
},
{
"question_num": 48,
"query": "治疗湿疮脾虚湿蕴证，应首选的方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "龙胆泻肝汤合萆薢渗湿汤",
"B": "除湿胃苓汤或参苓白术散加减",
"C": "当归饮子加减",
"D": "四物消风饮加减",
"E": "清瘟败毒饮加减"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "湿疮脾虚湿蕴证治宜健脾利湿止痒，方剂选除湿胃苓汤或参苓白术散。瘾疹血虚风燥证反复发作，迁延日久，午后或夜间加剧；伴心烦易怒，口干，手足心热，舌红少津，脉沉细。治宜养血祛风，润燥止痒，方剂选当归饮子加减。"
},
{
"question_num": 49,
"query": "腹壁紧张度增加硬如板状,应考虑的疾病是",
"options": {
"A": "慢性肝炎",
"B": "急性胃肠炎",
"C": "胃肠道穿孔",
"D": "结核性腹膜炎",
"E": "重症肌无力"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "结核性腹膜炎时，全腹紧张,触之犹如揉面的柔韧之感，不易压陷,称为面团感或揉面感,此征还见于癌性腹膜炎。和急性胃肠道穿孔或实质脏器破裂所致急性弥漫性腹膜炎,因炎症刺激腹膜引起腹肌反射性痉挛,腹壁常有明显紧张,甚至强直硬如木板,称为板状腹。"
},
{
"question_num": 50,
"query": "治疗瘾疹血虚风燥证，应首选的方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "龙胆泻肝汤合萆薢渗湿汤",
"B": "除湿胃苓汤或参苓白术散加减",
"C": "当归饮子加减",
"D": "四物消风饮加减",
"E": "清瘟败毒饮加减"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "湿疮脾虚湿蕴证治宜健脾利湿止痒，方剂选除湿胃苓汤或参苓白术散。瘾疹血虚风燥证反复发作，迁延日久，午后或夜间加剧；伴心烦易怒，口干，手足心热，舌红少津，脉沉细。治宜养血祛风，润燥止痒，方剂选当归饮子加减。"
},
{
"question_num": 51,
"query": "上腹壁反射消失,病变部位是",
"options": {
"A": "胸髓7~8节",
"B": "同侧锥体束",
"C": "胸椎9~10节",
"D": "胸椎11~12节",
"E": "腰椎2~4节"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "上腹壁、中腹壁、下腹壁反射减弱或消失,分别见于胸髓7～8节、9～10节、11～12节病损;一侧上、中、下腹壁反射同时消失,见于一侧锥体束病损;双侧上、中、下腹壁反射均消失,见于昏迷和和急性腹膜炎患者。"
},
{
"question_num": 52,
"query": "噎膈，饮食梗阻难下，呕出物如赤豆汁，胸膈疼痛，肌肤枯燥，形体消瘦，舌质紫暗，脉细涩。治宜选用（）",
"options": {
"A": "沙参麦冬汤",
"B": "通幽汤",
"C": "启膈散",
"D": "麦门冬汤",
"E": "补气运脾汤"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "噎瘀血内结证，治法:滋阴养血，破血行瘀。代表方剂:通幽汤加减。噎膈津亏热结证，治法:滋养津液，泻热散结。代表方剂:沙参麦冬汤加减。"
},
{
"question_num": 53,
"query": "一侧腹壁反射消失，病变部位是",
"options": {
"A": "胸髓7~8节",
"B": "同侧锥体束",
"C": "胸椎9~10节",
"D": "胸椎11~12节",
"E": "腰椎2~4节"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "上腹壁、中腹壁、下腹壁反射减弱或消失,分别见于胸髓7～8节、9～10节、11～12节病损;一侧上、中、下腹壁反射同时消失,见于一侧锥体束病损;双侧上、中、下腹壁反射均消失,见于昏迷和和急性腹膜炎患者。"
},
{
"question_num": 54,
"query": "噎膈，吞咽梗涩而痛，水饮难进，心烦口干，胃脘灼热，大便干结如羊屎，形体消瘦，皮肤干枯，小便短赤，舌质光红，干裂少津，脉细数。治宜选用（）",
"options": {
"A": "沙参麦冬汤",
"B": "通幽汤",
"C": "启膈散",
"D": "麦门冬汤",
"E": "补气运脾汤"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "噎瘀血内结证，治法:滋阴养血，破血行瘀。代表方剂:通幽汤加减。噎膈津亏热结证，治法:滋养津液，泻热散结。代表方剂:沙参麦冬汤加减。"
},
{
"question_num": 55,
"query": "膀胱癌尿外观改变是",
"options": {
"A": "血尿",
"B": "脓尿",
"C": "乳糜尿",
"D": "胆红素尿",
"E": "血红蛋白尿"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "血尿:见于泌尿系统的炎症、结核、结石、肿瘤及出血性疾病等。血红蛋白尿:见于蚕豆病、阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿、血型不合的输血反应及恶性疟疾等。胆虹素尿;见于肝细胞性黄疸及阻塞性黄竣。乳糜尿:见于丝虫病,少数因结核,肿瘤引起。肽尿和菌尿:见于泌尿系统感染,如肾盂肾炎、膀胱炎。"
},
{
"question_num": 56,
"query": "治疗手足口病湿热蒸盛证，应首选的方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "甘露消毒丹",
"B": "银翘散",
"C": "清瘟败毒饮",
"D": "凉营清气汤",
"E": "宜毒发表汤"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "手足口病湿热蒸盛证证候:身热持续，烦躁口渴，小便黄赤，大便秘结，手足、口部及四肢、臀部疱疹,痛痒剧烈，甚或拒食，疱疹色泽紫暗，分布稠密，或成簇出现,根盘红晕显著，疱液混浊，舌质红绛，苔黄厚腻或黄燥,脉滑数。治法:清热凉营，解毒祛湿。代表方剂：济瘟败毒饮。手足口病邪犯肺脾证证候：发热轻微，或无发热，或流涕咳嗽、纳差恶心、呕吐泄泻，1~2天后或同时出现口腔内疱疹，破溃后形成小的溃疡，疼痛流涎，不欲进食。随病情进展，手掌、足跖部出现米粒至疏豆大斑丘疹，并迅速转为疱疹，分布稀疏:疹色红润，根盘红晕不著，疱液清亮，舌质红，苔薄黄腻，脉浮数。治法:宣肺解表，清热化湿。代表方剂:甘露消毒丹。"
},
{
"question_num": 57,
"query": "血型不合的输血反应尿外观改变是",
"options": {
"A": "血尿",
"B": "脓尿",
"C": "乳糜尿",
"D": "胆红素尿",
"E": "血红蛋白尿"
},
"answer": "E",
"reason": "血尿:见于泌尿系统的炎症、结核、结石、肿瘤及出血性疾病等。血红蛋白尿:见于蚕豆病、阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿、血型不合的输血反应及恶性疟疾等。胆虹素尿;见于肝细胞性黄疸及阻塞性黄竣。乳糜尿:见于丝虫病,少数因结核,肿瘤引起。肽尿和菌尿:见于泌尿系统感染,如肾盂肾炎、膀胱炎。"
},
{
"question_num": 58,
"query": "治疗手足口病邪犯肺脾证，应首选的方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "甘露消毒丹",
"B": "银翘散",
"C": "清瘟败毒饮",
"D": "凉营清气汤",
"E": "宜毒发表汤"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "手足口病湿热蒸盛证证候:身热持续，烦躁口渴，小便黄赤，大便秘结，手足、口部及四肢、臀部疱疹,痛痒剧烈，甚或拒食，疱疹色泽紫暗，分布稠密，或成簇出现,根盘红晕显著，疱液混浊，舌质红绛，苔黄厚腻或黄燥,脉滑数。治法:清热凉营，解毒祛湿。代表方剂：济瘟败毒饮。手足口病邪犯肺脾证证候：发热轻微，或无发热，或流涕咳嗽、纳差恶心、呕吐泄泻，1~2天后或同时出现口腔内疱疹，破溃后形成小的溃疡，疼痛流涎，不欲进食。随病情进展，手掌、足跖部出现米粒至疏豆大斑丘疹，并迅速转为疱疹，分布稀疏:疹色红润，根盘红晕不著，疱液清亮，舌质红，苔薄黄腻，脉浮数。治法:宣肺解表，清热化湿。代表方剂:甘露消毒丹。"
},
{
"question_num": 59,
"query": "对危重、昏迷、手术等情况下的患者诊疗,适用的医患关系模式是",
"options": {
"A": "主动-被动模式",
"B": "指导一合作模式",
"C": "共同参与模式",
"D": "契约模式",
"E": "工程模式"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "主动一被动模式，得术休克等难以表达主观意愿的患者。指导一合作模式:有一定主动性,大部分患者。共同参与模式,有一定医学知识背景,慢性病患者。"
},
{
"question_num": 60,
"query": "治疗妊娠腹痛血瘀证，应首选（）",
"options": {
"A": "桂枝茯苓丸合寿胎丸",
"B": "少腹逐瘀汤合寿胎丸",
"C": "血府逐瘀汤合寿胎丸",
"D": "补肾祛瘀方",
"E": "身痛逐瘀汤合寿胎丸"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "中医有同病异治和异病同治，妊娠腹痛、胎动不安虽属于不同的两种病，但是同样的血瘀证治疗均以活血化瘀，补肾安胎，方剂选桂枝苓九合寿胎九。"
},
{
"question_num": 61,
"query": "对大多数慢性疾病，医患双方共同制订并实施诊疗方案，适用的医患关系模式是",
"options": {
"A": "主动-被动模式",
"B": "指导一合作模式",
"C": "共同参与模式",
"D": "契约模式",
"E": "工程模式"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "主动一被动模式，得术休克等难以表达主观意愿的患者。指导一合作模式:有一定主动性,大部分患者。共同参与模式,有一定医学知识背景,慢性病患者。"
},
{
"question_num": 62,
"query": "治疗胎动不安血瘀证，应首选（）",
"options": {
"A": "桂枝茯苓丸合寿胎丸",
"B": "少腹逐瘀汤合寿胎丸",
"C": "血府逐瘀汤合寿胎丸",
"D": "补肾祛瘀方",
"E": "身痛逐瘀汤合寿胎丸"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "中医有同病异治和异病同治，妊娠腹痛、胎动不安虽属于不同的两种病，但是同样的血瘀证治疗均以活血化瘀，补肾安胎，方剂选桂枝苓九合寿胎九。"
},
{
"question_num": 63,
"query": "协助医疗机构对拒绝隔离治疗的传染病患者采取强制隔离治疗措施的部门是",
"options": {
"A": "公安机关",
"B": "人民法院",
"C": "疾病预防控制中心",
"D": "卫生行政部门",
"E": "街道办事处"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "拒绝隔离治疗或隔离期未满擅自脱离隔离治疗的,可由公安机关协助医疗机构采取强制隔离治疗措施。国务院卫生行政部门定期公布全国传染病疫情信息。"
},
{
"question_num": 64,
"query": "闭经寒凝血瘀证的治法是（）",
"options": {
"A": "温经散寒，活血调经",
"B": "补肾益气，调理冲任",
"C": "温肾固冲，止血调经",
"D": "理气活血，祛瘀通经",
"E": "健脾燥湿化痰，活血调经"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": ""
},
{
"question_num": 65,
"query": "负责定期公布传染病疫情信息的部门是",
"options": {
"A": "公安机关",
"B": "人民法院",
"C": "疾病预防控制中心",
"D": "卫生行政部门",
"E": "街道办事处"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "拒绝隔离治疗或隔离期未满擅自脱离隔离治疗的,可由公安机关协助医疗机构采取强制隔离治疗措施。国务院卫生行政部门定期公布全国传染病疫情信息。"
},
{
"question_num": 66,
"query": "闭经气滞血瘀证的治法是（）",
"options": {
"A": "温经散寒，活血调经",
"B": "补肾益气，调理冲任",
"C": "温肾固冲，止血调经",
"D": "理气活血，祛瘀通经",
"E": "健脾燥湿化痰，活血调经"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": ""
},
{
"question_num": 67,
"query": "功能燥湿化痰的药物是",
"options": {
"A": "陈皮",
"B": "青皮",
"C": "香附",
"D": "沉香",
"E": "大腹皮"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "陈皮功效;理气健脾,燥湿化痰。青皮功效:疏肝破气，消积化滞。"
},
{
"question_num": 68,
"query": "肺痨之气阴耗伤的治法及方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "滋阴止咳，沙参麦冬汤",
"B": "滋阴降火，百合固金汤合秦艽鳖甲散",
"C": "益气养阴，保真汤或参苓白术散",
"D": "滋阴补阳，补天大造丸",
"E": "滋阴润肺，月华丸"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": ""
},
{
"question_num": 69,
"query": "功能疏肝破气的药物是",
"options": {
"A": "陈皮",
"B": "青皮",
"C": "香附",
"D": "沉香",
"E": "大腹皮"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "陈皮功效;理气健脾,燥湿化痰。青皮功效:疏肝破气，消积化滞。"
},
{
"question_num": 70,
"query": "肺痨之肺阴亏虚的治法及方剂是（）",
"options": {
"A": "滋阴止咳，沙参麦冬汤",
"B": "滋阴降火，百合固金汤合秦艽鳖甲散",
"C": "益气养阴，保真汤或参苓白术散",
"D": "滋阴补阳，补天大造丸",
"E": "滋阴润肺，月华丸"
},
"answer": "E",
"reason": ""
},
{
"question_num": 71,
"query": "仙鹤草的功效是",
"options": {
"A": "收敛止血",
"B": "凉血止血",
"C": "温经止血",
"D": "化瘀止血",
"E": "补气摄血"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "仙鹤草功效:收敛止血,止痫,截疟,补虚。三七功效:化瘀止血，活血定痛。"
},
{
"question_num": 72,
"query": "骨会是（）",
"options": {
"A": "大杼",
"B": "绝骨",
"C": "太渊",
"D": "膈俞",
"E": "膻中"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "《难经》:腑会太仓(中脘)，脏会季胁(章门)，筋会阳陵泉，髓会绝骨(悬钟)，血会膈俞，骨会大杼,脉会太渊。"
},
{
"question_num": 73,
"query": "三七的功效是",
"options": {
"A": "收敛止血",
"B": "凉血止血",
"C": "温经止血",
"D": "化瘀止血",
"E": "补气摄血"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "仙鹤草功效:收敛止血,止痫,截疟,补虚。三七功效:化瘀止血，活血定痛。"
},
{
"question_num": 74,
"query": "脉会是（）",
"options": {
"A": "大杼",
"B": "绝骨",
"C": "太渊",
"D": "膈俞",
"E": "膻中"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "《难经》:腑会太仓(中脘)，脏会季胁(章门)，筋会阳陵泉，髓会绝骨(悬钟)，血会膈俞，骨会大杼,脉会太渊。"
},
{
"question_num": 75,
"query": "既治亡阳证,又治阳虚外感风寒的药物是",
"options": {
"A": "附子",
"B": "干姜",
"C": "肉桂",
"D": "吴茱萸",
"E": "小茴香"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": "附子功效:回阳救逆,补火助阳,散寒止痛,主治亡阳证、阳虚证、寒痹证。吴茱萸功效:散寒止痛,降逆止呃，助阳止泻。主治:①寒凝疼痛,每与生姜,人参等同用,治厥阴头痛;②胃寒呕吐;③虚寒泄泻，为治脾肾阳虚、五更泄泻之常用药。"
},
{
"question_num": 76,
"query": "善于治疗形体羸瘦、脏气衰惫、乏力等气虚病证的腧穴是（）",
"options": {
"A": "阴陵泉",
"B": "膻中",
"C": "中极",
"D": "气海",
"E": "关元"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": ""
},
{
"question_num": 77,
"query": "既治厥阴头痛,又治脾肾阳虚之五更泻的药物是",
"options": {
"A": "附子",
"B": "干姜",
"C": "肉桂",
"D": "吴茱萸",
"E": "小茴香"
},
"answer": "D",
"reason": "附子功效:回阳救逆,补火助阳,散寒止痛,主治亡阳证、阳虚证、寒痹证。吴茱萸功效:散寒止痛,降逆止呃，助阳止泻。主治:①寒凝疼痛,每与生姜,人参等同用,治厥阴头痛;②胃寒呕吐;③虚寒泄泻，为治脾肾阳虚、五更泄泻之常用药。"
},
{
"question_num": 78,
"query": "善于治疗遗尿、小便不利、癃闭等泌尿系病证的腧穴是（）",
"options": {
"A": "阴陵泉",
"B": "膻中",
"C": "中极",
"D": "气海",
"E": "关元"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": ""
},
{
"question_num": 79,
"query": "柏子仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
"options": {
"A": "平喘",
"B": "通便",
"C": "敛汗",
"D": "消食",
"E": "利尿"
},
"answer": "B",
"reason": "了柏子仁功效:养心安神,润肠通便。酸枣仁功效:养心益肝,安神,敛汗,生津。"
},
{
"question_num": 80,
"query": "营养性缺铁性贫血肝肾阴虚证症见（）",
"options": {
"A": "面色苍白，唇甲色淡，头晕心悸",
"B": "面色苍黄，纳呆消瘦，大便不调",
"C": "面色苍白，头晕目涩，四肢震颤",
"D": "面色苍白，精神萎靡，四肢不温",
"E": "面色苍白，形体消瘦，发黄稀疏"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": ""
},
{
"question_num": 81,
"query": "酸枣仁除养心安神外,还具有的功效是",
"options": {
"A": "平喘",
"B": "通便",
"C": "敛汗",
"D": "消食",
"E": "利尿"
},
"answer": "C",
"reason": "了柏子仁功效:养心安神,润肠通便。酸枣仁功效:养心益肝,安神,敛汗,生津。"
},
{
"question_num": 82,
"query": "营养性缺铁性贫血心脾两虚证症见（）",
"options": {
"A": "面色苍白，唇甲色淡，头晕心悸",
"B": "面色苍黄，纳呆消瘦，大便不调",
"C": "面色苍白，头晕目涩，四肢震颤",
"D": "面色苍白，精神萎靡，四肢不温",
"E": "面色苍白，形体消瘦，发黄稀疏"
},
"answer": "A",
"reason": ""
}
] |