| [ | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 1, | |
| "query": "机体阴阳失调后的一个完整的异常生命过程,指的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "疾病", | |
| "B": "证候", | |
| "C": "症状", | |
| "D": "病证", | |
| "E": "体征" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "阴阳失调是病机,病机影响下一个完整的异常生命过程,就是疾病。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 2, | |
| "query": "疾病过程中某一阶段或某一类型的病理概括,指的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "疾病", | |
| "B": "证候", | |
| "C": "症状", | |
| "D": "病证", | |
| "E": "体征" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "“证候”概持为一系列有相互关联的症状总称,即通过望、闻、问、切四诊所获知的疾病过程中表现在整体层次上的机体反应状态及其运动、变化,也是疾病某一阶段的特征。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 3, | |
| "query": "阳虚日久,导致阴气化生不足反映的阴阳关系是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "互根互用", | |
| "B": "阴阳转化", | |
| "C": "阴阳消长", | |
| "D": "阴阳互藏", | |
| "E": "对立相反" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "阳损及阴,体现阴阳互根。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 4, | |
| "query": "统一体中的阴阳双方,每一方都包含有另一方的阴阳关系是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "互根互用", | |
| "B": "阴阳转化", | |
| "C": "阴阳消长", | |
| "D": "阴阳互藏", | |
| "E": "对立相反" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "阴中有阳,阳中有阴,体现阴阳互藏。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 5, | |
| "query": "五体中与脾相合的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "脉", | |
| "B": "皮", | |
| "C": "肉", | |
| "D": "筋", | |
| "E": "骨" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "五体是指肢体的筋、脉、肉、皮、骨等。五体与五脏相合。肝合筋、心合脉、脾合肉、肺合皮、肾合骨。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 6, | |
| "query": "五体中与肺相合的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "脉", | |
| "B": "皮", | |
| "C": "肉", | |
| "D": "筋", | |
| "E": "骨" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "五体是筋脉肉皮骨，肝在体合筋,心在体合脉,脾在体合肉,肺在体合皮，肾在体合骨。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 7, | |
| "query": "依据内经所述,具有主蛰守位生理特性的脏是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "心", | |
| "B": "肝", | |
| "C": "脾", | |
| "D": "肺", | |
| "E": "肾" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "肾主封藏,主蛰守位。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 8, | |
| "query": "依据内经所述,被称为生之本的脏是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "心", | |
| "B": "肝", | |
| "C": "脾", | |
| "D": "肺", | |
| "E": "肾" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "心主神明,为生之本。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 9, | |
| "query": "与语言、呼吸、心搏强弱有关的气是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "卫气", | |
| "B": "宗气", | |
| "C": "营气", | |
| "D": "中气", | |
| "E": "元气" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "宗气贯心脉助心行血,走息道助肺呼吸,与视听言动密切相关。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 10, | |
| "query": "行于脉外具有慓急滑利之性的气是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "卫气", | |
| "B": "宗气", | |
| "C": "营气", | |
| "D": "中气", | |
| "E": "元气" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "行于脉外慓急滑利是卫气,行于脉内化生血液的是营气。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 11, | |
| "query": "疾病治疗及时,趋于好转痊愈的病机是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "正胜邪退", | |
| "B": "邪去正虚", | |
| "C": "邪胜正衰", | |
| "D": "邪正相持", | |
| "E": "正虚邪恋" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 12, | |
| "query": "疾病后期遗留某些后遗症的主要病机是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "正胜邪退", | |
| "B": "邪去正虚", | |
| "C": "邪胜正衰", | |
| "D": "邪正相持", | |
| "E": "正虚邪恋" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "邪正盛衰与疾病转归;①正胜则邪退,疾病趋向于好转和痊愈;②邪胜则正衰,疾病趋向于恶化,甚则导致死亡;③若邪正双方力量对比势均力敌;或正虚邪恋,出现邪去而正气不复的情况,则疾病多由急性转为慢性,或留下后遗症而持久难愈。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 13, | |
| "query": "上述各项,属虚证的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "咽部溃烂,分散表浅", | |
| "B": "咽部溃烂成片或凹陷", | |
| "C": "咽部溃烂日久,周围苍白", | |
| "D": "咽部溃烂,其上所覆白腐松厚", | |
| "E": "咽部溃烂,其上所覆白腐坚韧" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "咽喉溃烂是指溃烂成片或凹陷。若腐烂分散浅表者,为肺胃之热尚轻;若溃腐日久,周围淡红或苍白者,多属虚证。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 14, | |
| "query": "上述各项,属疫喉的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "咽部溃烂,分散表浅", | |
| "B": "咽部溃烂成片或凹陷", | |
| "C": "咽部溃烂日久,周围苍白", | |
| "D": "咽部溃烂,其上所覆白腐松厚", | |
| "E": "咽部溃烂,其上所覆白腐坚韧" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "伪膜:咽部溃烂处上履白腐,形如白膜者。如果伪膜松厚,容易拭去,去后不复生,此属肺胃热浊上壅于咽,证较轻;如果伪膜坚韧,不易剥离,重剥则出血,或剥去随即复生,此属重证，多是白喉,又称“疫喉”。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 15, | |
| "query": "热毒炽盛,气血壅滞常见的舌象", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "青紫舌", | |
| "B": "淡紫舌", | |
| "C": "绛紫舌", | |
| "D": "点刺舌", | |
| "E": "瘦薄舌" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "舌绛紫而干为热盛伤津，气血壅滞。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 16, | |
| "query": "阳气虚衰,气血运行不畅最常见的舌象是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "青紫舌", | |
| "B": "淡紫舌", | |
| "C": "绛紫舌", | |
| "D": "点刺舌", | |
| "E": "瘦薄舌" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "舌淡紫而湿润为阴寒内盛,或阳气虚衰而致寒凝血瘀。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 17, | |
| "query": "以自言自语,喃喃不休,见人则止为特征的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "谵语", | |
| "B": "独语", | |
| "C": "郑声", | |
| "D": "错语", | |
| "E": "狂言" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "独语指自言自语,喃喃不休,见人语止,首尾不续的症状。多因心气虚弱,神气不足,或气郁痰阻,蒙蔽心神所致,属阴证。常见于癫病、郁病。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 18, | |
| "query": "以神志清楚,但语言时有错乱，语后自知言错为特征的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "谵语", | |
| "B": "独语", | |
| "C": "郑声", | |
| "D": "错语", | |
| "E": "狂言" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "说错话,言后知错是错语。独语、错语都提示心气不足。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 19, | |
| "query": "上述各项,痰饮或疼痛者多见的脉象是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "涩脉", | |
| "B": "弱脉", | |
| "C": "细脉", | |
| "D": "濡脉", | |
| "E": "弦脉" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "弦脉主肝胆病、痰饮和痛症,或为胃气衰败者。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 20, | |
| "query": "上述各项,精伤血少者多见的脉象", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "涩脉", | |
| "B": "弱脉", | |
| "C": "细脉", | |
| "D": "濡脉", | |
| "E": "弦脉" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "涩脉主气滞血瘀、精伤血少。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 21, | |
| "query": "属于气滞血瘀临床表现的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "唇甲色淡,胁下痞块,拒按,舌暗,脉沉涩", | |
| "B": "胸胁胀闷窜痛,时轻时重,舌苔薄白,脉弦", | |
| "C": "两胁胀闷窜痛,胁下痞块,舌略紫,脉涩", | |
| "D": "面唇色淡白,疲乏无力,自汗,脉弱", | |
| "E": "少气懒言,疲乏无力,自汗,舌淡,脉弱" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "两胁胀闷窜痛属于气滞;胁下痞块,舌略紫,脉涩属于血瘀。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 22, | |
| "query": "属于气血两虚临床表现的是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "唇甲色淡,胁下痞块,拒按,舌暗,脉沉涩", | |
| "B": "胸胁胀闷窜痛,时轻时重,舌苔薄白,脉弦", | |
| "C": "两胁胀闷窜痛,胁下痞块,舌略紫,脉涩", | |
| "D": "面唇色淡白,疲乏无力,自汗,脉弱", | |
| "E": "少气懒言,疲乏无力,自汗,舌淡,脉弱" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "面唇色淡白,是血虚;疲乏无力,自汗是气虚。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 23, | |
| "query": "以久病咳嗽,呼多吸少,乏力少气,自汗耳鸣，腰膝酸软为特征的症候是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "肺肾气虚", | |
| "B": "肺气虚", | |
| "C": "脾肺气虚", | |
| "D": "心肺气虚", | |
| "E": "肾气不固" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "久病咳嗽,呼多吸少,乏力少气，自汗耳鸣腰膝酸软属肺肾两虚。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 24, | |
| "query": "以久病咳喘,胸闷心悸,乏力少气,自汗声低为特征的证候是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "肺肾气虚", | |
| "B": "肺气虚", | |
| "C": "脾肺气虚", | |
| "D": "心肺气虚", | |
| "E": "肾气不固" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "久病咳喘,心悸属心肺气虚。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 25, | |
| "query": "治疗瘰疬、瘿瘤,应首选的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "夏枯草", | |
| "B": "淡竹叶", | |
| "C": "马齿苋", | |
| "D": "地骨皮", | |
| "E": "龙胆草" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "夏枯草主治:头晕目赤,痰热互结之瘰疬瘿瘤,乳痈。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 26, | |
| "query": "治疗湿热黄疸，应首选的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "夏枯草", | |
| "B": "淡竹叶", | |
| "C": "马齿苋", | |
| "D": "地骨皮", | |
| "E": "龙胆草" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "龙胆草主治:湿热黄疸、湿疹、带下、肝火头痛、目赤、耳聋，惊风抽搐。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 27, | |
| "query": "具有峻下冷积功效的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "巴豆", | |
| "B": "大黄", | |
| "C": "火麻仁", | |
| "D": "郁李仁", | |
| "E": "松子仁" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 28, | |
| "query": "治疗喘证风寒壅肺证，应首选的方剂是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "射干麻黄汤", | |
| "B": "麻黄汤合华盖散", | |
| "C": "二陈汤合三子养亲汤", | |
| "D": "三拗汤合止嗽散", | |
| "E": "生脉散合补肺汤" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "喘证风寒壅肺证,治法:宣肺散寒。代表方:麻黄汤合华盖散加减。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 29, | |
| "query": "具有逐水退肿功效的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "巴豆", | |
| "B": "大黄", | |
| "C": "火麻仁", | |
| "D": "郁李仁", | |
| "E": "松子仁" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "巴豆功效:峻下冷积.逐水退肿、祛痰利咽、外用蚀疮。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 30, | |
| "query": "治疗喘证痰浊阻肺证，应首选的方剂是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "射干麻黄汤", | |
| "B": "麻黄汤合华盖散", | |
| "C": "二陈汤合三子养亲汤", | |
| "D": "三拗汤合止嗽散", | |
| "E": "生脉散合补肺汤" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "喘证痰浊阻肺证,治法:祛痰降逆，宣肺平喘。代表方:二陈汤合三子养亲汤加减。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 31, | |
| "query": "具有通络功效的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "狗脊", | |
| "B": "独活", | |
| "C": "防己", | |
| "D": "五加皮", | |
| "E": "乌梢蛇" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 32, | |
| "query": "治疗胁痛肝胆湿热证，应首选方剂（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "龙胆泻肝汤", | |
| "B": "柴胡疏肝散", | |
| "C": "血府逐瘀汤", | |
| "D": "一贯煎", | |
| "E": "茵陈蒿汤" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "胁痛肝胆湿热证，治法:疏肝利胆，清热利湿。代表方:龙胆泻肝汤加减。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 33, | |
| "query": "具有止疼功效的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "狗脊", | |
| "B": "独活", | |
| "C": "防己", | |
| "D": "五加皮", | |
| "E": "乌梢蛇" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "乌梢蛇功效:祛风、通络、止痉。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 34, | |
| "query": "治疗胁痛瘀血阻络证，应首选的方剂（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "龙胆泻肝汤", | |
| "B": "柴胡疏肝散", | |
| "C": "血府逐瘀汤", | |
| "D": "一贯煎", | |
| "E": "茵陈蒿汤" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "胁痛瘀血阻络证,治法:祛瘀通络。代表方:血府逐瘀汤。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 35, | |
| "query": "治疗痈肿疮疡、手足皲裂,应首选的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "白及", | |
| "B": "艾叶", | |
| "C": "小蓟", | |
| "D": "白茅根", | |
| "E": "侧柏叶" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "白及具有收敛止血,消肿生肌的功效,善治手足皲裂。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 36, | |
| "query": "患者眩晕日久，精神萎靡，腰膝酸软，少寐多梦，健忘，两目干涩，视力减退，遗精，泄泻，耳鸣，齿摇，舌红少苔，脉细数，其证候是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "肝阳上亢证", | |
| "B": "气血亏虚证", | |
| "C": "肾精不足证", | |
| "D": "痰湿中阻证", | |
| "E": "瘀血阻络证" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "眩晕日久,精神萎靡,腰膝酸软，为肾虚之象,属肾精亏虚。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 37, | |
| "query": "治疗肺热咳嗽、须发早白，应首选的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "白及", | |
| "B": "艾叶", | |
| "C": "小蓟", | |
| "D": "白茅根", | |
| "E": "侧柏叶" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "侧柏叶凉血止血,清肺化痰,乌发生发,善治脱发。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 38, | |
| "query": "患者眩晕，头重昏蒙，伴视物旋转，胸闷恶心，呕吐痰涎，食少多梦，苔白腻，脉濡滑，其证候是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "肝阳上亢证", | |
| "B": "气血亏虚证", | |
| "C": "肾精不足证", | |
| "D": "痰湿中阻证", | |
| "E": "瘀血阻络证" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "眩晕,头重昏蒙,伴视物旋转，胸闷恶心，呕吐痰涎，食少多梦,苔白腻，脉濡滑，为湿重浊之繁,诊为痰湿中阻证。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 39, | |
| "query": "具有利尿，止汗,安胎功效的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "黄芩", | |
| "B": "甘草", | |
| "C": "白术", | |
| "D": "大枣", | |
| "E": "党参" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "白术健脾益气，燥湿利尿，止汗,安胎。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 40, | |
| "query": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物，分界清楚，便后能自行回纳，青蓝色，易出血，其诊断是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "二期内痔", | |
| "B": "三期内痔", | |
| "C": "一度直肠脱垂", | |
| "D": "二度直肠脱垂", | |
| "E": "三度直肠脱垂" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "排便时肛内脱出肿物,青蓝色，易出血,诊为二期内痔,外痔一般不出血。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 41, | |
| "query": "具有祛痰,止痛,解毒功效的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "黄芩", | |
| "B": "甘草", | |
| "C": "白术", | |
| "D": "大枣", | |
| "E": "党参" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "甘草具有补脾益气，祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,清热解毒的功效。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 42, | |
| "query": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物，为环状淡红色黏膜皱襞，长3~5cm，触之柔软，无弹性，便后能自行回纳，不易出血，其诊断是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "二期内痔", | |
| "B": "三期内痔", | |
| "C": "一度直肠脱垂", | |
| "D": "二度直肠脱垂", | |
| "E": "三度直肠脱垂" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物，为环状淡红色黏膜皱装，长3~5cm，触之柔软，无弹性，不易出血诊为脱肛，依据便后能自行回纳，诊为一度直肠脱垂。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 43, | |
| "query": "血府逐瘀汤组成中含有的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "当归,枳壳", | |
| "B": "当归,人参", | |
| "C": "人参,川芎", | |
| "D": "当归,苍术", | |
| "E": "山药,白术" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "血府逐瘀汤药物组成:桃仁、红花、当归、生地黄、川芎、赤芍、牛膝、桔梗、柴胡、枳壳、甘草。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 44, | |
| "query": "治疗乳岩正虚毒炽证，应首选的方剂是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "神效瓜蒌散", | |
| "B": "二仙汤", | |
| "C": "八珍汤", | |
| "D": "人参养荣汤", | |
| "E": "参苓白术散" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "乳岩正虚毒炽证,治法:调补气血，清热解毒。方药:八珍汤加减。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 45, | |
| "query": "补中益气汤组成中含有的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "当归,枳壳", | |
| "B": "当归,人参", | |
| "C": "人参,川芎", | |
| "D": "当归,苍术", | |
| "E": "山药,白术" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "补中益气汤药物由黄芪、炙甘草、人参、当归、橘皮、升麻、柴胡、白术组成。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 46, | |
| "query": "治疗乳岩气血两亏证，应首选的方剂是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "神效瓜蒌散", | |
| "B": "二仙汤", | |
| "C": "八珍汤", | |
| "D": "人参养荣汤", | |
| "E": "参苓白术散" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "乳岩气血两亏证,治法:补益气血，宁心安神。方药:人参养荣汤加味。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 47, | |
| "query": "龙胆泻肝汤治疗的病证是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "湿热下注证", | |
| "B": "湿热壅盛证", | |
| "C": "湿热中阻证", | |
| "D": "湿热黄疸证", | |
| "E": "湿热痢疾证" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "龙胆泻肝汤治疗肝胆实火上炎,肝胆湿热下注。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 48, | |
| "query": "患者月经一月两行，量多，色深红，质黏稠，口干，舌质红，苔黄，脉滑数，其证候是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "阳盛血热证", | |
| "B": "气虚证", | |
| "C": "血虚证", | |
| "D": "气滞血瘀证", | |
| "E": "肾虚证" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "月经一月两行,量多，色深红，质黏稠，口干，舌质红，苔黄，脉滑数，诊为月经先期阳盛血热证。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 49, | |
| "query": "茵陈蒿汤治疗的病证是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "湿热下注证", | |
| "B": "湿热壅盛证", | |
| "C": "湿热中阻证", | |
| "D": "湿热黄疸证", | |
| "E": "湿热痢疾证" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "茵陈蒿汤治疗阳黄,即湿热黄疸证。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 50, | |
| "query": "患者经行量多，色淡红，四肢倦怠，气短懒言，舌淡，脉细数，其证候是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "阳盛血热证", | |
| "B": "气虚证", | |
| "C": "血虚证", | |
| "D": "气滞血瘀证", | |
| "E": "肾虚证" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "经行量多，色淡红,四肢倦怠，气短懒言，舌淡，脉细数，诊为月经量多气虚型。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 51, | |
| "query": "六味地黄丸组成中含有的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "泽泻,丹参", | |
| "B": "茯苓，牡丹皮", | |
| "C": "阿胶,白术", | |
| "D": "滑石,山药", | |
| "E": "茯苓,滑石" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "六味地黄丸中含有的药物是茯苓、泽泻、牡丹皮。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 52, | |
| "query": "患者近1年来经行时间延长，9~11天方尽，量不多，色紫暗，有血块，伴有小腹疼痛拒按，舌暗，脉弦涩。应首选的方剂是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "桃核承气汤", | |
| "B": "膈下逐瘀汤", | |
| "C": "《金匮要略》温经汤", | |
| "D": "丹参饮", | |
| "E": "桃红四物汤合失笑散" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "经行时间延长，色紫暗，有血块，伴有小腹疼痛拒按，舌暗，脉弦涩，诊为经期延长血瘀型，治法:活血祛瘀止血。代表方:桃红四物汤合失笑散加味或桂枝茯苓九加味。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 53, | |
| "query": "猪苓汤组成中含有的药物是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "泽泻,丹参", | |
| "B": "茯苓，牡丹皮", | |
| "C": "阿胶,白术", | |
| "D": "滑石,山药", | |
| "E": "茯苓,滑石" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "猪苓汤药物组成:猪苓、茯苓、泽泻、滑石、阿胶。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 54, | |
| "query": "患者每于经行小腹疼痛，拒按，经行不畅，色紫暗有块，块下痛减，舌暗，脉弦。治疗应首选的方剂是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "桃核承气汤", | |
| "B": "膈下逐瘀汤", | |
| "C": "《金匮要略》温经汤", | |
| "D": "丹参饮", | |
| "E": "桃红四物汤合失笑散" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "经行小腹疼痛，拒按，经行不畅，色紫暗有块,块下痛减,舌暗,脉弦,诊为痛经气滞血瘀证，治法:理气行滞，化瘀止痛代表方，照下逐瘀汤。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 55, | |
| "query": "清营汤证发热的特点是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "夜热早凉", | |
| "B": "高热不退", | |
| "C": "身热夜甚", | |
| "D": "长期低热", | |
| "E": "白天高热" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "清营汤主热入营分,见热(身热夜甚)、烦(心烦)、绛(舌绛红)、斑(斑疹隐隐)。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 56, | |
| "query": "丹痧的典型舌象是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "镜面舌", | |
| "B": "地图舌", | |
| "C": "红绛舌", | |
| "D": "草莓舌", | |
| "E": "霉酱舌" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "丹痧的典型舌象是草莓舌、帕氏线、环口苍白圈。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 57, | |
| "query": "羚角钩藤汤证发热的特点是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "夜热早凉", | |
| "B": "高热不退", | |
| "C": "身热夜甚", | |
| "D": "长期低热", | |
| "E": "白天高热" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "羚角钩藤汤主治肝经热盛，热极动风证。邪热炽盛,故高烧不退;热扰心神;,则烦闷躁扰,其则神昏。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 58, | |
| "query": "胃之气阴不足的典型舌象是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "镜面舌", | |
| "B": "地图舌", | |
| "C": "红绛舌", | |
| "D": "草莓舌", | |
| "E": "霉酱舌" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "胃之气阴不足常见地图舌，" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 59, | |
| "query": "理中丸可用以治疗的病证是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "胸痹", | |
| "B": "心悸", | |
| "C": "胁痛", | |
| "D": "眩晕", | |
| "E": "头痛" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "理中丸主治脾胃虚寒所致的胸痹。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 60, | |
| "query": "连翘败毒散治疗紫癜的证候是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "风热伤络证", | |
| "B": "血热妄行证", | |
| "C": "气不摄血证", | |
| "D": "阴虚火旺证", | |
| "E": "气滞血瘀证" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "紫癜风热伤络证,治法:疏风散邪，清热凉血。主方:连翘败毒散。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 61, | |
| "query": "瓜蒌薤白白酒汤可用以治疗的病证是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "胸痹", | |
| "B": "心悸", | |
| "C": "胁痛", | |
| "D": "眩晕", | |
| "E": "头痛" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "瓜萎薤白白酒汤用于胸阳不振、痰气互结所致胸痹轻症。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 62, | |
| "query": "大补阴丸治疗紫癜的证候是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "风热伤络证", | |
| "B": "血热妄行证", | |
| "C": "气不摄血证", | |
| "D": "阴虚火旺证", | |
| "E": "气滞血瘀证" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "紫癜阴虚火旺证,治法:滋阴降火，凉血止血。主方:大补阴九、知柏地黄丸。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 63, | |
| "query": "干性胸膜炎的胸痛特点是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "精神紧张诱发", | |
| "B": "含化硝酸甘油减轻", | |
| "C": "呼吸时加重,屏气时消失", | |
| "D": "压迫加剧", | |
| "E": "进食加剧" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "干性胸膜炎的胸痛特点是尖锐刺痛或撕裂痛,呼吸时加重,屏气时消失。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 64, | |
| "query": "痹证属着痹者，治疗除主穴外，还应选取的配穴是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "膈俞、血海", | |
| "B": "肾俞、关元", | |
| "C": "阴陵泉、足三里", | |
| "D": "大椎、曲池", | |
| "E": "脾俞、胃俞" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "痹证的处方，主穴:阿是穴、局部经穴;配穴:行痹配膈俞、血海;痛痹配肾俞、关元;着痹配阴陵泉、足三里。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 65, | |
| "query": "食管疾病的胸痛特点是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "精神紧张诱发", | |
| "B": "含化硝酸甘油减轻", | |
| "C": "呼吸时加重,屏气时消失", | |
| "D": "压迫加剧", | |
| "E": "进食加剧" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "食管疾病常于吞咽时出现或加重。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 66, | |
| "query": "痹证属热痹者，治疗除主穴外，还应选取的配穴是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "膈俞、血海", | |
| "B": "肾俞、关元", | |
| "C": "阴陵泉、足三里", | |
| "D": "大椎、曲池", | |
| "E": "脾俞、胃俞" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "痹证的处方，主穴:阿是穴、局部经穴;配穴:热痹配大椎、曲池。另可根据疼痛的部位循经配穴。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 67, | |
| "query": "急性溶血可引起的尿液改变是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "乳糜尿", | |
| "B": "血红蛋白尿", | |
| "C": "胆红素尿", | |
| "D": "脓尿", | |
| "E": "血尿" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "急性溶血时游离血红蛋白在血浆内浓度超过130mg/dl时,即由尿液排出,出现血红蛋白尿。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 68, | |
| "query": "在踝区，外踝尖直下，外踝下缘与跟骨之间凹陷中的腧穴是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "商丘", | |
| "B": "丘墟", | |
| "C": "照海", | |
| "D": "申脉", | |
| "E": "然谷" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "在踝区,外踝尖直下,外踝下缘与跟骨之间凹陷中的腧穴是申脉。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 69, | |
| "query": "丝电病可引起的尿液改变是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "乳糜尿", | |
| "B": "血红蛋白尿", | |
| "C": "胆红素尿", | |
| "D": "脓尿", | |
| "E": "血尿" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "丝虫病可引起的尿液改变是乳糜尿。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 70, | |
| "query": "在踝区，内踝尖下1寸，内踝下缘切迹凹陷中的腧穴是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "商丘", | |
| "B": "丘墟", | |
| "C": "照海", | |
| "D": "申脉", | |
| "E": "然谷" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "在内踝尖下1寸,内踝下缘切迹凹陷中的腧穴是照海。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 71, | |
| "query": "对乙型肝炎病毒有免疫力的指标是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "HBsAg阳性", | |
| "B": "抗-HBs阳性", | |
| "C": "抗-HBc阳性", | |
| "D": "抗-HBe阳性", | |
| "E": "HBeAg阳性" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "乙肝病毒标志物中唯一有益的抗体是抗-HBs,表明注射乙肝疫苗或感染乙肝后产生免疫抗体。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 72, | |
| "query": "治疗绝经前后诸证烦躁失眠者，应选取的配穴是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "中脘、阴陵泉", | |
| "B": "关元、命门", | |
| "C": "风池、太沖", | |
| "D": "心俞、神门", | |
| "E": "照海、阴谷" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "绝经前后诸证处方，主穴：肾俞、肝俞、太溪、气海、三阴交。配穴:肾阴虚配照海、阴谷;肾阳虚配关元、命门;肝阳上亢配风池、太冲;痰气郁结配中脘、丰隆;烦躁失眠配心俞、神门。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 73, | |
| "query": "反映乙型肝炎病毒复制减少、传染性降低的指标是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "HBsAg阳性", | |
| "B": "抗-HBs阳性", | |
| "C": "抗-HBc阳性", | |
| "D": "抗-HBe阳性", | |
| "E": "HBeAg阳性" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "乙肝病毒复制减弱、传染性降低的指标是抗-HBe。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 74, | |
| "query": "治疗绝经前后诸证纳少便溏者，应选取的配穴是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "中脘、阴陵泉", | |
| "B": "关元、命门", | |
| "C": "风池、太沖", | |
| "D": "心俞、神门", | |
| "E": "照海、阴谷" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "绝经前后诸证处方，主穴：肾俞、肝俞、太溪、气海、三阴交。配穴:纳少便溏配中脘、阴陵泉。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 75, | |
| "query": "房颤可出现的脉搏是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "水冲脉", | |
| "B": "交替脉", | |
| "C": "脉搏短绌", | |
| "D": "重搏脉", | |
| "E": "奇脉" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "心律绝对不规则,脉率不等于心率(脉搏短绌或短绌脉),心音强弱不等都属于心房颤动的心律特点。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 76, | |
| "query": "上述各项中，属失血性休克病因的是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "上消化道大出血", | |
| "B": "急性心肌梗死", | |
| "C": "中毒性痢疾", | |
| "D": "严重低血压", | |
| "E": "张力性气胸" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "失血性休克多见于上消化道大出血、异位妊娠破裂、产后大出血、动脉瘤破裂等。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 77, | |
| "query": "主动脉瓣关闭不全可出现的脉搏是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "水冲脉", | |
| "B": "交替脉", | |
| "C": "脉搏短绌", | |
| "D": "重搏脉", | |
| "E": "奇脉" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "主动脉瓣关闭不全可出现周围血管体征:水冲脉,毛细血管搏动征,股动脉枪击音,股动脉收缩期和舒张期双重杂音，以及头部随心搏频率的上下摆动。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 78, | |
| "query": "上述各项中，属心脏压塞性休克病因的是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "上消化道大出血", | |
| "B": "急性心肌梗死", | |
| "C": "中毒性痢疾", | |
| "D": "严重低血压", | |
| "E": "张力性气胸" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "心脏压塞性休克多见于大量心包积液、心包内出血、张力性气胸。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 79, | |
| "query": "诊断骨折最常用的检查方法是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "X线检查", | |
| "B": "数字化减影血管造影", | |
| "C": "超声检查", | |
| "D": "CT检查", | |
| "E": "MRI检查" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "X线检查是诊断骨折最常用、最基本的方法。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 80, | |
| "query": "上述各项中，有助于白血病分型诊断及治疗监测的是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "血象", | |
| "B": "骨髓象", | |
| "C": "细胞化学染色", | |
| "D": "细胞遗传学检查", | |
| "E": "血生化" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "有助于白血病分型诊断及治疗监测的是细胞遗传学检查。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 81, | |
| "query": "诊断心脏和大血管病变最常用的检查方法是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "X线检查", | |
| "B": "数字化减影血管造影", | |
| "C": "超声检查", | |
| "D": "CT检查", | |
| "E": "MRI检查" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "超声检查可检测心脏、大血管和外周血管结构。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 82, | |
| "query": "上述各项中，有助于急性白血病分类鉴别的是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "血象", | |
| "B": "骨髓象", | |
| "C": "细胞化学染色", | |
| "D": "细胞遗传学检查", | |
| "E": "血生化" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "细胞化学染色有助于急性白血病分类鉴别，白血病确诊靠骨髓象。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 83, | |
| "query": "医学伦理学基本范畴的良心是指", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益", | |
| "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的责任和使命", | |
| "C": "医学关系中的主体在应尽义务中的自我认识和自我评价的能力", | |
| "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责中受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏", | |
| "E": "医学关系中的主体在对周围人、事以及自身的内心体验和感受" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "医学道德良心是指医务人员在履行义务的过程中,对自己行为应负道德责任的自觉认识和自我评价能力。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 84, | |
| "query": "艾滋病的病原体是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", | |
| "B": "冠状病毒", | |
| "C": "汉坦病毒", | |
| "D": "沙门病毒", | |
| "E": "志贺菌" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "艾滋病(AIDS)的病原体是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIIV)" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 85, | |
| "query": "医学伦理学基本范畴的情感是指", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权利和利益", | |
| "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的责任和使命", | |
| "C": "医学关系中的主体在应尽义务中的自我认识和自我评价的能力", | |
| "D": "医学关系中的主体因履行道德职责中受到褒奖而产生的自我赞赏", | |
| "E": "医学关系中的主体在对周围人、事以及自身的内心体验和感受" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "医学道德情感指的是医务人员对医学事业和服务对象所持的态度和内心体验,包括同情感,责任感和事业感。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 86, | |
| "query": "细菌性痢疾的病原体是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", | |
| "B": "冠状病毒", | |
| "C": "汉坦病毒", | |
| "D": "沙门病毒", | |
| "E": "志贺菌" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "E", | |
| "reason": "痢疾杆菌属肠杆菌科志贺菌属，为革兰氏阴性杆菌。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 87, | |
| "query": "窦性心动过速的心电图表现为", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "QRS时限常>0.12s", | |
| "B": "发作时S-T段下移", | |
| "C": "P波在I、Ⅱ、aVF、v_3~v_6。导联直立", | |
| "D": "P'-R间期>0.12s", | |
| "E": "出现逆行P'波" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 88, | |
| "query": "可确诊流行性脑脊髓膜炎的实验室检查是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "皮肤瘀点涂片检查", | |
| "B": "脑脊液常规", | |
| "C": "细菌培养", | |
| "D": "鲎溶解物试验", | |
| "E": "抗体检测" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "C", | |
| "reason": "确诊流行性脑脊髓膜炎的实验室检查是细菌培养，可取患者血液、脑脊液、骨髓等做病原菌培养，阳性即可确诊。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 89, | |
| "query": "房性期前收缩的心电图表现为", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "QRS时限常>0.12s", | |
| "B": "发作时S-T段下移", | |
| "C": "P波在I、Ⅱ、aVF、v_3~v_6。导联直立", | |
| "D": "P'-R间期>0.12s", | |
| "E": "出现逆行P'波" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 90, | |
| "query": "用于流行性脑脊髓膜炎早期诊断的检查是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "皮肤瘀点涂片检查", | |
| "B": "脑脊液常规", | |
| "C": "细菌培养", | |
| "D": "鲎溶解物试验", | |
| "E": "抗体检测" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "皮肤瘀点涂片染色，可见革兰氏染色阴性双球菌。为流行性脑脊髓膜炎早期诊断的重要方法。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 91, | |
| "query": "发生重大医疗过失行为导致3人以上人身损害的，医疗机构向上级报告的时限是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "1小时", | |
| "B": "2小时", | |
| "C": "6小时", | |
| "D": "12小时", | |
| "E": "3小时" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 92, | |
| "query": "上述传染病有发热且血常规嗜酸性粒细胞减少或消失的是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "霍乱", | |
| "B": "流脑", | |
| "C": "菌痢", | |
| "D": "伤寒", | |
| "E": "丙肝" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "D", | |
| "reason": "伤寒杆菌造成之伤寒病在伤寒流行季节和地区患者有持续性高热(40℃~41℃)为时1~2周以上,并出现特殊中毒面容，相对缓脉，皮肤玫瑰疹，肝脾肿大，周围血象白细胞总数低下，嗜酸性粒细胞消失骨髓象中有伤寒细胞(戒指细胞)。" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 93, | |
| "query": "医疗卫生机构发现传染病菌种、毒种丢失的，向上级报告的时限是", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "1小时", | |
| "B": "2小时", | |
| "C": "6小时", | |
| "D": "12小时", | |
| "E": "3小时" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "B", | |
| "reason": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "question_num": 94, | |
| "query": "上述传染病，一般无发热，血常规白细胞计数增多的是（）", | |
| "options": { | |
| "A": "霍乱", | |
| "B": "流脑", | |
| "C": "菌痢", | |
| "D": "伤寒", | |
| "E": "丙肝" | |
| }, | |
| "answer": "A", | |
| "reason": "霍乱患者脱水导致患者血液浓缩，外周红细胞、白细胞和血红蛋白均升高，其症状以剧烈腹泻和呕吐为主症，一般无发热和腹痛。" | |
| } | |
| ] |