[
  {
    "question_num": 1,
    "query": "风寒表证的寒热特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "恶寒重发热轻",
      "B": "发热重恶寒轻",
      "C": "发热轻而恶风",
      "D": "但恶寒不发热",
      "E": "但发热不恶寒"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "有恶案重发热轻,是风寒表证的特征。发热重恶寒轻,是风热表证的特征。发热轻而恶风,是伤风表证的特征。但码寒不发热，,是里寄证的特征。但发热不显寒,是里热证的特征。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 2,
    "query": "风热表证的寒热特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "恶寒重发热轻",
      "B": "发热重恶寒轻",
      "C": "发热轻而恶风",
      "D": "但恶寒不发热",
      "E": "但发热不恶寒"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "有恶案重发热轻,是风寒表证的特征。发热重恶寒轻,是风热表证的特征。发热轻而恶风,是伤风表证的特征。但码寒不发热，,是里寄证的特征。但发热不显寒,是里热证的特征。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 3,
    "query": "心悸怔忡,纳呆腹胀,便溏乏力,舌淡嫩,脉弱,其证候是",
    "options": {
      "A": "心肝血虚证",
      "B": "心肾阴虚证",
      "C": "脾肺气虚证",
      "D": "心肾不交证",
      "E": "心脾气血虚证"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "心脾气血虚证:指脾气亏虚,心血不足,以心悸、神疲、头尝、食少、腹胀、便溏为主要表现。临床表现:心悸怔仲，头晕,多梦，健忘，食欲不振,腹胀,便溏,神疲乏力,或见皮下紫斑,女子月经量少色淡、淋漓不尽,面色萎黄,舌淡嫩,脉弱。心肾不交证:指心与肾阴液亏虚,阳气偏亢,以心烦失眠、梦遗、耳鸣、腰酸等为主要表现。临床表现:心烦失眠,惊悸健忘，头晕,耳鸣.腰膝酸软,.梦遗,口咽干燥,五心烦热,湖热盗汗,便结尿黄，舌红少苦,脉细数。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 4,
    "query": "心烦失眠,腰膝酸软,遗精盗汗,舌红少苔,脉细数,其证候是",
    "options": {
      "A": "心肝血虚证",
      "B": "心肾阴虚证",
      "C": "脾肺气虚证",
      "D": "心肾不交证",
      "E": "心脾气血虚证"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "心脾气血虚证:指脾气亏虚,心血不足,以心悸、神疲、头尝、食少、腹胀、便溏为主要表现。临床表现:心悸怔仲，头晕,多梦，健忘，食欲不振,腹胀,便溏,神疲乏力,或见皮下紫斑,女子月经量少色淡、淋漓不尽,面色萎黄,舌淡嫩,脉弱。心肾不交证:指心与肾阴液亏虚,阳气偏亢,以心烦失眠、梦遗、耳鸣、腰酸等为主要表现。临床表现:心烦失眠,惊悸健忘，头晕,耳鸣.腰膝酸软,.梦遗,口咽干燥,五心烦热,湖热盗汗,便结尿黄，舌红少苦,脉细数。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 5,
    "query": "急性胆囊炎出现的体征是",
    "options": {
      "A": "麦氏点压痛",
      "B": "墨菲征阳性",
      "C": "液波震颤阳性",
      "D": "振水音阳性",
      "E": "移动性浊音阳性"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "A项提示急性阑尾炎;B项提示和急性胆囊炎;C项提示腹腔内有大量游离液体；D项提示正常人餐后或大量饮水后;若空腹出现则提示胃内有液体潴留,见于胃扩张、幽门梗阻及胃液分泌过多等;E项提示肝硬化门静脉高压症、右侧心力衰竭、肾病综合枉严重营养不良以及渗出性腹膜炎等引起的腹水。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 6,
    "query": "幽门梗阻出现的体征是",
    "options": {
      "A": "麦氏点压痛",
      "B": "墨菲征阳性",
      "C": "液波震颤阳性",
      "D": "振水音阳性",
      "E": "移动性浊音阳性"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "A项提示急性阑尾炎;B项提示和急性胆囊炎;C项提示腹腔内有大量游离液体；D项提示正常人餐后或大量饮水后;若空腹出现则提示胃内有液体潴留,见于胃扩张、幽门梗阻及胃液分泌过多等;E项提示肝硬化门静脉高压症、右侧心力衰竭、肾病综合枉严重营养不良以及渗出性腹膜炎等引起的腹水。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 7,
    "query": "主治胸中血瘀证的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "温经汤",
      "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "C": "复元活血汤",
      "D": "补阳还五汤",
      "E": "桃核承气汤"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "血府逐瘀汤:活血化瘀.行气止痛,主治胸中血瘀证。温经汤:温经散寒,养血祛瘀,主治冲任虚寒,瘀血阻滞证。复元活血汤:活血祛瘀,疏肝通络,主治跌打损伤、瘀血阻滞证。补阳还五汤:补气，活血，通络,主治中风之气虚血瘀证。桃核承气汤:逐瘀泄热.主治下焦蓄血证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 8,
    "query": "主治冲任虚寒,瘀血阻滞证的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "温经汤",
      "B": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "C": "复元活血汤",
      "D": "补阳还五汤",
      "E": "桃核承气汤"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "血府逐瘀汤:活血化瘀.行气止痛,主治胸中血瘀证。温经汤:温经散寒,养血祛瘀,主治冲任虚寒,瘀血阻滞证。复元活血汤:活血祛瘀,疏肝通络,主治跌打损伤、瘀血阻滞证。补阳还五汤:补气，活血，通络,主治中风之气虚血瘀证。桃核承气汤:逐瘀泄热.主治下焦蓄血证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 9,
    "query": "表现为气不固证的临床表现是",
    "options": {
      "A": "面色苍白,口唇青紫",
      "B": "头晕眼花,气短疲乏",
      "C": "脘腹坠胀,便意频频,久泄脱肛",
      "D": "神疲乏力,气短,汗出不止,劳累后加重",
      "E": "全身瘫软,神志朦胧"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "气不固证临床表现:气短,疲乏，面白,舌质淡，脉虚无力;或见自汗不止;或为流涎不止;或见遗尿,余溺不尽.小便失禁;或为大便滑脱失禁;或妇女出现崩漏,或为滑胎,小产;或见男子遗精、滑精、早泄等。脾虚气陷证临床表现:脘腹重险作胀，食后益甚,或便意频数,肛门重坠,或久泄不止,甚或脱肛,或小便浑浊如米泔,或内脏、子宫下垂,气短懒言,神疲乏力,头晕目眩,面白无华,食少,便溏，,舌质淡苔白,脉缓或弱。A项和E项见于气脱证,B项见于气逆证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 10,
    "query": "表现为脾虚气陷证的临床表现是",
    "options": {
      "A": "面色苍白,口唇青紫",
      "B": "头晕眼花,气短疲乏",
      "C": "脘腹坠胀,便意频频,久泄脱肛",
      "D": "神疲乏力,气短,汗出不止,劳累后加重",
      "E": "全身瘫软,神志朦胧"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "气不固证临床表现:气短,疲乏，面白,舌质淡，脉虚无力;或见自汗不止;或为流涎不止;或见遗尿,余溺不尽.小便失禁;或为大便滑脱失禁;或妇女出现崩漏,或为滑胎,小产;或见男子遗精、滑精、早泄等。脾虚气陷证临床表现:脘腹重险作胀，食后益甚,或便意频数,肛门重坠,或久泄不止,甚或脱肛,或小便浑浊如米泔,或内脏、子宫下垂,气短懒言,神疲乏力,头晕目眩,面白无华,食少,便溏，,舌质淡苔白,脉缓或弱。A项和E项见于气脱证,B项见于气逆证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 11,
    "query": "七情内伤,易伤肺的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "惊",
      "B": "怒",
      "C": "喜",
      "D": "恐",
      "E": "悲"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "七情内伤:心在志为喜,过喜则伤心;肝在志为怒,过怒则伤肝;脾在志为思，过度思虑则伤脾；肺在志为悲为忧，过悲则伤肺;肾在志为恐,过恐则伤肾。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 12,
    "query": "七情内伤,易伤肾的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "惊",
      "B": "怒",
      "C": "喜",
      "D": "恐",
      "E": "悲"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "七情内伤:心在志为喜,过喜则伤心;肝在志为怒,过怒则伤肝;脾在志为思，过度思虑则伤脾；肺在志为悲为忧，过悲则伤肺;肾在志为恐,过恐则伤肾。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 13,
    "query": "具有滋补肝肾功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "西洋参",
      "B": "大枣",
      "C": "麦门冬",
      "D": "山药",
      "E": "女贞子"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "女贞子的功效;滋补肝肾,明目乌发。大枣的功效:补中益气，养血安神。西洋参的功效:补气养阴,清热生津。山药的功效;补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。麦门冬的功效:养阴润肺,益胃生津,清心除烦。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 14,
    "query": "具有养血安神功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "西洋参",
      "B": "大枣",
      "C": "麦门冬",
      "D": "山药",
      "E": "女贞子"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "女贞子的功效;滋补肝肾,明目乌发。大枣的功效:补中益气，养血安神。西洋参的功效:补气养阴,清热生津。山药的功效;补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。麦门冬的功效:养阴润肺,益胃生津,清心除烦。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 15,
    "query": "上述各项,可出现巴宾斯基征阳性的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "高血压病",
      "B": "锥体束病变",
      "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血",
      "D": "坐骨神经痛",
      "E": "腰椎间盘突出"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "巴宾斯基征提示锥体束病变;颈强直见于脑膜类、蛛网膜下腔出血、颈椎病、颈部肌肉病变等。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 16,
    "query": "上述各项,可出现颈强直的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "高血压病",
      "B": "锥体束病变",
      "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血",
      "D": "坐骨神经痛",
      "E": "腰椎间盘突出"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "巴宾斯基征提示锥体束病变;颈强直见于脑膜类、蛛网膜下腔出血、颈椎病、颈部肌肉病变等。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 17,
    "query": "具有舒筋活络功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "五加皮",
      "B": "桑寄生",
      "C": "狗脊",
      "D": "木瓜",
      "E": "川乌"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "木瓜功效:舒盘活络.和胃化温。川乌功效:祛风湿,温经止痛。五加皮功效：祛凤湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,利水。桑寄生功效:祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎。狗脊功效:祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 18,
    "query": "具有温经止痛功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "五加皮",
      "B": "桑寄生",
      "C": "狗脊",
      "D": "木瓜",
      "E": "川乌"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "木瓜功效:舒盘活络.和胃化温。川乌功效:祛风湿,温经止痛。五加皮功效：祛凤湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,利水。桑寄生功效:祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎。狗脊功效:祛风湿,补肝肾,强腰膝。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 19,
    "query": "治疗湿热黄疸，应选用的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "巴豆",
      "B": "芫花",
      "C": "大黄",
      "D": "甘遂",
      "E": "芒硝"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "大黄主治实热积滞便秘,血热吐衄.目赤咽肿,痈肿疗疮、肠痈腹痛,瘀血经闭、.产后瘀阻.跌打损伤,湿热痢疾、黄疸尿赤、淋证.水肿,烧波伤。巴豆主治寒积便秘,小儿乳食停积,腹水鼓胀.二便不通，,喉风、喉痹,痛肿脓成末溃、疥癣恶疮、疣痣。芫花主治水肿胀满,胸腹积水、痰饮积聚、气逆咳喘、二便不利,疥癣秃疮、痈肿、冻疮。甘遂主治水肿胀满、胸腹积水,痰饮积聚、气逆咳喘、二便不利,风痰癫痫,痈肿疮毒。芒硝主治实热积滞、腹满胀痛,大便燥结,肠痈腹痛,乳痈、痔疮肿痛、咽痛口疮、目赤肿痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 20,
    "query": "治疗瘀血经闭，应选用的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "巴豆",
      "B": "芫花",
      "C": "大黄",
      "D": "甘遂",
      "E": "芒硝"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "大黄主治实热积滞便秘,血热吐衄.目赤咽肿,痈肿疗疮、肠痈腹痛,瘀血经闭、.产后瘀阻.跌打损伤,湿热痢疾、黄疸尿赤、淋证.水肿,烧波伤。巴豆主治寒积便秘,小儿乳食停积,腹水鼓胀.二便不通，,喉风、喉痹,痛肿脓成末溃、疥癣恶疮、疣痣。芫花主治水肿胀满,胸腹积水、痰饮积聚、气逆咳喘、二便不利,疥癣秃疮、痈肿、冻疮。甘遂主治水肿胀满、胸腹积水,痰饮积聚、气逆咳喘、二便不利,风痰癫痫,痈肿疮毒。芒硝主治实热积滞、腹满胀痛,大便燥结,肠痈腹痛,乳痈、痔疮肿痛、咽痛口疮、目赤肿痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 21,
    "query": "上述各项,君药指的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "具有调和方中诸药作用的药物",
      "B": "引方中诸药至特定病所的药物",
      "C": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物",
      "D": "针对兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用的药物",
      "E": "直接治疗次要兼证的药物"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "A项为使药(调和药);B项为使药(引经药);C项为君药;D项为臣药;D项为佐药(佐助药)。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 22,
    "query": "上述各项,臣药指的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "具有调和方中诸药作用的药物",
      "B": "引方中诸药至特定病所的药物",
      "C": "针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物",
      "D": "针对兼病或兼证起主要治疗作用的药物",
      "E": "直接治疗次要兼证的药物"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "A项为使药(调和药);B项为使药(引经药);C项为君药;D项为臣药;D项为佐药(佐助药)。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 23,
    "query": "与五更泄泻的形成关系最密切的两脏是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肝肾",
      "B": "肺脾",
      "C": "心肺",
      "D": "脾肾",
      "E": "肝脾"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "了中医认为,五更泄泻主要由于命门火衰,火不暖土,脾失健运，肠失固涩所致。肝肾阴阳之间存在着互资互制的联系。肾阴与肾阳为五脏阴阳之本,肾阴滋养肝阴,共同制约肝阳;肾阳资助肝阳,温煦肝脉,防其寒滞。肝肾阴阳之间互制互用维持了肝肾之间的协调平衡。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 24,
    "query": "具有阴明互资互制关系的两脏是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肝肾",
      "B": "肺脾",
      "C": "心肺",
      "D": "脾肾",
      "E": "肝脾"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "了中医认为,五更泄泻主要由于命门火衰,火不暖土,脾失健运，肠失固涩所致。肝肾阴阳之间存在着互资互制的联系。肾阴与肾阳为五脏阴阳之本,肾阴滋养肝阴,共同制约肝阳;肾阳资助肝阳,温煦肝脉,防其寒滞。肝肾阴阳之间互制互用维持了肝肾之间的协调平衡。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 25,
    "query": "暑性炎热,故致病可出现的症状是",
    "options": {
      "A": "心烦脉洪",
      "B": "气短乏力",
      "C": "四肢困倦",
      "D": "尿赤短少",
      "E": "头昏目眩"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "暑为阳邪,其性炎热:暑为盛夏火热之气所化,故暑邪为阳邪。暑邪伤人多表现为一系列阳热症状,如高热,心烦、面赤、脉洪大等。暑多夹湿:暑季气候炎热,且常多雨潮湿,热蒸湿动,故署邪致病,多夹湿邪为患、临床表现除发热、烦渴等暑热症状外、常可见身热不扬,汗出不畅,四肢困重、倦怠乏力、胸闷呕恶、大便溏泄不爽等湿滞症状。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 26,
    "query": "治疗痢疾休息痢，应首选的方剂是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "白头翁汤",
      "B": "芍药汤",
      "C": "连理汤",
      "D": "桃花汤",
      "E": "驻车丸"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "痢疾休息痢治宜温中清肠，调气化滞，方选连理汤加减。痢疾湿热痢治宜清肠化湿，调气和血，方选芍药汤加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 27,
    "query": "暑性挟湿,故致病可出现的症状是",
    "options": {
      "A": "心烦脉洪",
      "B": "气短乏力",
      "C": "四肢困倦",
      "D": "尿赤短少",
      "E": "头昏目眩"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "暑为阳邪,其性炎热:暑为盛夏火热之气所化,故暑邪为阳邪。暑邪伤人多表现为一系列阳热症状,如高热,心烦、面赤、脉洪大等。暑多夹湿:暑季气候炎热,且常多雨潮湿,热蒸湿动,故署邪致病,多夹湿邪为患、临床表现除发热、烦渴等暑热症状外、常可见身热不扬,汗出不畅,四肢困重、倦怠乏力、胸闷呕恶、大便溏泄不爽等湿滞症状。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 28,
    "query": "治疗痢疾湿热痢，应首选的方剂是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "白头翁汤",
      "B": "芍药汤",
      "C": "连理汤",
      "D": "桃花汤",
      "E": "驻车丸"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "痢疾休息痢治宜温中清肠，调气化滞，方选连理汤加减。痢疾湿热痢治宜清肠化湿，调气和血，方选芍药汤加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 29,
    "query": "上消化道大出血的粪便特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "水样稀便",
      "B": "黏液脓血便",
      "C": "鲜血便",
      "D": "柏油样便",
      "E": "米泔样便"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "A项见于急性胃肠炎、甲亢等;B项见于痢疾、溃疡性结肠炎、直肠癌等;C项见于肠道下段出血,如痔疮、肛裂、直肠癌等；D项见于上消化道由血；E项见于霍乱。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 30,
    "query": "治疗气郁发热证，应首选的方剂是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "B": "黄连温胆汤",
      "C": "补中益气汤",
      "D": "金匮肾气丸",
      "E": "丹栀逍遥散"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "内伤发热气郁发热证治宜疏肝理气，解郁泄热，方选丹栀逍遥散加减。内伤发热气虚发热证治宜益气健脾，甘温除热，方选补中益气汤加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 31,
    "query": "霍乱的粪便特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "水样稀便",
      "B": "黏液脓血便",
      "C": "鲜血便",
      "D": "柏油样便",
      "E": "米泔样便"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "A项见于急性胃肠炎、甲亢等;B项见于痢疾、溃疡性结肠炎、直肠癌等;C项见于肠道下段出血,如痔疮、肛裂、直肠癌等；D项见于上消化道由血；E项见于霍乱。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 32,
    "query": "治疗气虚发热证，应首选的方剂是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "血府逐瘀汤",
      "B": "黄连温胆汤",
      "C": "补中益气汤",
      "D": "金匮肾气丸",
      "E": "丹栀逍遥散"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "内伤发热气郁发热证治宜疏肝理气，解郁泄热，方选丹栀逍遥散加减。内伤发热气虚发热证治宜益气健脾，甘温除热，方选补中益气汤加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 33,
    "query": "外敬散含有的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "青皮",
      "B": "地骨皮",
      "C": "牡丹皮",
      "D": "橘皮",
      "E": "梨皮"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "杏苏散组成药物，苏叶、半夏、茯苓、前胡、杏仁、苦桔梗、枳壳、橘皮、甘草、大枣、生姜。泻白散组成药物:桑白皮、地骨皮、粳米、甘草。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 34,
    "query": "痹症痛痹的主症特点是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "肢体关节疼痛，游走不定",
      "B": "肢体关节疼痛，遇寒加重",
      "C": "肢体关节疼痛，重着酸楚",
      "D": "肢体关节疼痛，灼热红肿",
      "E": "肢体关节疼痛，僵硬变形"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "A项为痹症行痹,B项为痹症痛痹，C项为痹症着痹，D项为风湿热痹，E项为痹症痰瘀痹阻证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 35,
    "query": "泻白散中含有的药肉是",
    "options": {
      "A": "青皮",
      "B": "地骨皮",
      "C": "牡丹皮",
      "D": "橘皮",
      "E": "梨皮"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "杏苏散组成药物，苏叶、半夏、茯苓、前胡、杏仁、苦桔梗、枳壳、橘皮、甘草、大枣、生姜。泻白散组成药物:桑白皮、地骨皮、粳米、甘草。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 36,
    "query": "痹症着痹的主症特点是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "肢体关节疼痛，游走不定",
      "B": "肢体关节疼痛，遇寒加重",
      "C": "肢体关节疼痛，重着酸楚",
      "D": "肢体关节疼痛，灼热红肿",
      "E": "肢体关节疼痛，僵硬变形"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "A项为痹症行痹,B项为痹症痛痹，C项为痹症着痹，D项为风湿热痹，E项为痹症痰瘀痹阻证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 37,
    "query": "川芎茶调散中偏于治阳明头痛的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "荆芥",
      "B": "细辛",
      "C": "白芷",
      "D": "川芎",
      "E": "羌活"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "川芎茶调散中羌活偏治太阳经头痛:白芷偏治阳明经头滴;细辛偏治少阴经头痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 38,
    "query": "多发于儿童头部的疾病是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "有头疖",
      "B": "无头疖",
      "C": "暑疖",
      "D": "蝼蛄疖",
      "E": "疖病"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "蝼蛄疖:多发于儿童头部。疖病:好发于项后发际、背部、臀部，几个到几十个,反复发作,缠绵不愈。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 39,
    "query": "川芎茶调散中偏于治太阳头痛的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "荆芥",
      "B": "细辛",
      "C": "白芷",
      "D": "川芎",
      "E": "羌活"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "川芎茶调散中羌活偏治太阳经头痛:白芷偏治阳明经头滴;细辛偏治少阴经头痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 40,
    "query": "好发于项后发际的疾病是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "有头疖",
      "B": "无头疖",
      "C": "暑疖",
      "D": "蝼蛄疖",
      "E": "疖病"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "蝼蛄疖:多发于儿童头部。疖病:好发于项后发际、背部、臀部，几个到几十个,反复发作,缠绵不愈。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 41,
    "query": "白茅根的主治病证是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肺热咳嗽",
      "B": "肠燥便秘",
      "C": "肺虚久咳",
      "D": "瘀血痛证",
      "E": "胃寒呕吐"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "白茅根甘,寒。归肺、胃、膀胱经。功效:凉血止血,清热利尿。主治血热吐血,衄血,尿血;热病烦渴，肺热咳嗽,胃热呕吐;温热黄疸,水肿尿少,热淋涩痛。蒲黄甘,平。归肝、心包经。功效:止血,化瘀，通淋。主治吐血,衄血,咯血,崩漏,外伤出血;经闭痛经,胸腹刺病痛，跌仆肿痛；血淋涩痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 42,
    "query": "治行油风气滞血瘀证、应首选的方剂是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "桃红四物汤",
      "B": "逍遥散合四物汤",
      "C": "通窍活血汤",
      "D": "六味地黄汤",
      "E": "七宝美髯丹"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "油风气滞血瘀证治法:通窍活血，祛瘀生发。代表方:通窍活血汤加减。油风肝肾不足证治法:滋补肝肾。代表方:七宝美髯丹加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 43,
    "query": "蒲黄的主治病证是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肺热咳嗽",
      "B": "肠燥便秘",
      "C": "肺虚久咳",
      "D": "瘀血痛证",
      "E": "胃寒呕吐"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "白茅根甘,寒。归肺、胃、膀胱经。功效:凉血止血,清热利尿。主治血热吐血,衄血,尿血;热病烦渴，肺热咳嗽,胃热呕吐;温热黄疸,水肿尿少,热淋涩痛。蒲黄甘,平。归肝、心包经。功效:止血,化瘀，通淋。主治吐血,衄血,咯血,崩漏,外伤出血;经闭痛经,胸腹刺病痛，跌仆肿痛；血淋涩痛。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 44,
    "query": "治疗油风肝肾不足证，应首选的方剂是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "桃红四物汤",
      "B": "逍遥散合四物汤",
      "C": "通窍活血汤",
      "D": "六味地黄汤",
      "E": "七宝美髯丹"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "油风气滞血瘀证治法:通窍活血，祛瘀生发。代表方:通窍活血汤加减。油风肝肾不足证治法:滋补肝肾。代表方:七宝美髯丹加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 45,
    "query": "符合二尖瓣狭窄震颤特点的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期震颤",
      "B": "胸骨左缘第2肋间收缩期震颤",
      "C": "胸骨左缘第3、4肋间收缩期震颤",
      "D": "心尖部舒张期震颤",
      "E": "胸骨左缘第2肋间及其附近连续性震颤"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": ""
  },
  {
    "question_num": 46,
    "query": "患者屡孕屡堕，头晕目眩，神疲无力，心悸气短，舌质淡，苔薄白，脉细弱，其证候是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "气血虚弱证",
      "B": "脾肾两虚证",
      "C": "肝肾阴虚证",
      "D": "肾虚肝郁证",
      "E": "肾阳亏虚证"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "滑胎气血虚弱证证候:屡孕屡堕;头晕目眩,神疲乏力，面色白,心悸气短;舌质淡，苔薄白，脉细弱。滑胎肾阳亏虚证证候:屡孕屡堕;腰膝酸软，甚则腰痛如折，头晕耳鸣，畏寒肢冷，小便清长，夜尿频多，大便溏薄;舌淡，苔薄而润，脉沉迟或沉弱。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 47,
    "query": "符合动脉导管未闭震颤特点的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期震颤",
      "B": "胸骨左缘第2肋间收缩期震颤",
      "C": "胸骨左缘第3、4肋间收缩期震颤",
      "D": "心尖部舒张期震颤",
      "E": "胸骨左缘第2肋间及其附近连续性震颤"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": ""
  },
  {
    "question_num": 48,
    "query": "患者屡孕屡堕，腰膝酸软，头晕耳鸣，畏寒肢冷，小便清长，夜尿频多，大便溏薄，舌质淡，苔薄而润，脉沉弱，其证候是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "气血虚弱证",
      "B": "脾肾两虚证",
      "C": "肝肾阴虚证",
      "D": "肾虚肝郁证",
      "E": "肾阳亏虚证"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "滑胎气血虚弱证证候:屡孕屡堕;头晕目眩,神疲乏力，面色白,心悸气短;舌质淡，苔薄白，脉细弱。滑胎肾阳亏虚证证候:屡孕屡堕;腰膝酸软，甚则腰痛如折，头晕耳鸣，畏寒肢冷，小便清长，夜尿频多，大便溏薄;舌淡，苔薄而润，脉沉迟或沉弱。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 49,
    "query": "急性阑尾炎的腹痛特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "腹部胀痛",
      "B": "转移性右下腹痛",
      "C": "周期性、节律性上腹隐痛",
      "D": "右上腹部剧烈绞痛",
      "E": "持续性、广泛性剧烈腹痛伴板状腹"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "急性阑尾炎为转移性右下腹疯痛;持续性.广泛性剧烈腹痛伴腹肌紧张或板状腹,提示为急性弥漫性腹膜炎。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 50,
    "query": "治疗不孕症肾气虚证，应首选的方剂是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "毓麟珠",
      "B": "温胞饮",
      "C": "胎元饮",
      "D": "逍遥丸",
      "E": "开郁种玉汤"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "不孕症肾气虚证治法:补肾益气,温养冲任。代表方:毓麟珠。不孕症肝气郁结证治法:疏肝解郁，理血调经。代表方:开郁种玉汤或百灵调肝汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 51,
    "query": "急性弥漫性腹膜炎的腹痛特点是",
    "options": {
      "A": "腹部胀痛",
      "B": "转移性右下腹痛",
      "C": "周期性、节律性上腹隐痛",
      "D": "右上腹部剧烈绞痛",
      "E": "持续性、广泛性剧烈腹痛伴板状腹"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "急性阑尾炎为转移性右下腹疯痛;持续性.广泛性剧烈腹痛伴腹肌紧张或板状腹,提示为急性弥漫性腹膜炎。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 52,
    "query": "治疗不孕症肝气郁结证，应首选的方剂是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "毓麟珠",
      "B": "温胞饮",
      "C": "胎元饮",
      "D": "逍遥丸",
      "E": "开郁种玉汤"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "不孕症肾气虚证治法:补肾益气,温养冲任。代表方:毓麟珠。不孕症肝气郁结证治法:疏肝解郁，理血调经。代表方:开郁种玉汤或百灵调肝汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 53,
    "query": "逍遥散中柴胡的配伍意义是",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏利肝胆",
      "B": "升清阳",
      "C": "疏肝解郁",
      "D": "和解少阳",
      "E": "透邪疏郁"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "逍遥散中以柴胡为君药,疏肝解郁,条达肝气。小柴胡汤中以苦平之柴胡为君药,入肝胆经,透泄少阳半表之邪,疏泄气机之郁滞,使少阳半表之邪得以疏解,气机得以调畅。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 54,
    "query": "乳婴儿中药汤剂用药剂量占成人量的比例是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "1/6",
      "B": "1/4",
      "C": "1/3",
      "D": "1/2",
      "E": "2/3"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "新生儿用量为成人的1/6,乳婴儿为成人的1/3,幼儿为成人的1/2,学龄期儿童为成人的2/3或接近成人量。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 55,
    "query": "小柴胡汤中柴胡的配伍意义是",
    "options": {
      "A": "疏利肝胆",
      "B": "升清阳",
      "C": "疏肝解郁",
      "D": "和解少阳",
      "E": "透邪疏郁"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "逍遥散中以柴胡为君药,疏肝解郁,条达肝气。小柴胡汤中以苦平之柴胡为君药,入肝胆经,透泄少阳半表之邪,疏泄气机之郁滞,使少阳半表之邪得以疏解,气机得以调畅。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 56,
    "query": "幼儿中药汤剂用药剂量占成人量的比例是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "1/6",
      "B": "1/4",
      "C": "1/3",
      "D": "1/2",
      "E": "2/3"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "新生儿用量为成人的1/6,乳婴儿为成人的1/3,幼儿为成人的1/2,学龄期儿童为成人的2/3或接近成人量。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 57,
    "query": "随着社会的发展,患者对医疗卫生保健的要求出现层次上、档次上的差别，指的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "医患关系的物化趋势",
      "B": "医患关系结构的“人机化”趋势",
      "C": "医患关系的经济化趋势",
      "D": "医患要求的多元化趋势",
      "E": "医患关系的法制化趋势"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "医患要求的“多元化“趋势,随着社会的发展,人们的价值观念的多元化倾向也反映在医患关系上,患者对医疗卫生保健的要求也有层次上,档次上的差别，呈现由多元化倾向。医患关系结构的“人机化\"趋势:医学高新技术的应用,使诊疗方式发生了巨大变化。医生可以通过高新技术.设备获得患者的生理指标、生化指标等根据,并为自己诊疗提供依据,这样就使医患之间的人(医生)人(患者)关系向人(医生)一机(仅器)一人(患者)的结构演变,因而医患之间直接交往减少,加重了医生对高新技术设备的依赖。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 58,
    "query": "小儿汗证肺卫不固证的主症是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "自汗为主，头部、肩背部明显",
      "B": "自汗为主，汗出遍身而不温",
      "C": "盗汗为王，手足心热",
      "D": "自汗或盗汗，头部、四肢多",
      "E": "盗汗为主，遍身汗出"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "小儿汗证肺卫不固证的证候:以自汗为主，或伴盗汗，以头颈、胸背部汗出明显，动则尤甚，神疲乏力，面色少华，平时易患感冒，舌质淡，苔薄白，脉细弱。小儿汗证营卫失调证的证候:以自汗为主，或伴盗汗，汗出遍身而抚之不温，畏寒恶风，不发热，或伴有低热，精神疲倦，胃纳不振，舌质淡红,苔薄白,脉缓。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 59,
    "query": "医学高新技术的应用,使诊疗方式发生了巨大的变化,加重了医生对高新技术设备的依赖,指的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "医患关系的物化趋势",
      "B": "医患关系结构的“人机化”趋势",
      "C": "医患关系的经济化趋势",
      "D": "医患要求的多元化趋势",
      "E": "医患关系的法制化趋势"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "医患要求的“多元化“趋势,随着社会的发展,人们的价值观念的多元化倾向也反映在医患关系上,患者对医疗卫生保健的要求也有层次上,档次上的差别，呈现由多元化倾向。医患关系结构的“人机化\"趋势:医学高新技术的应用,使诊疗方式发生了巨大变化。医生可以通过高新技术.设备获得患者的生理指标、生化指标等根据,并为自己诊疗提供依据,这样就使医患之间的人(医生)人(患者)关系向人(医生)一机(仅器)一人(患者)的结构演变,因而医患之间直接交往减少,加重了医生对高新技术设备的依赖。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 60,
    "query": "小儿汗证营卫失调证的主症是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "自汗为主，头部、肩背部明显",
      "B": "自汗为主，汗出遍身而不温",
      "C": "盗汗为王，手足心热",
      "D": "自汗或盗汗，头部、四肢多",
      "E": "盗汗为主，遍身汗出"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "小儿汗证肺卫不固证的证候:以自汗为主，或伴盗汗，以头颈、胸背部汗出明显，动则尤甚，神疲乏力，面色少华，平时易患感冒，舌质淡，苔薄白，脉细弱。小儿汗证营卫失调证的证候:以自汗为主，或伴盗汗，汗出遍身而抚之不温，畏寒恶风，不发热，或伴有低热，精神疲倦，胃纳不振，舌质淡红,苔薄白,脉缓。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 61,
    "query": "咳嗽,咳声不扬,痰稠色黄,不易咯出,其临床意义是",
    "options": {
      "A": "燥邪犯肺",
      "B": "痰湿阻肺",
      "C": "热邪犯肺",
      "D": "肺气虚损",
      "E": "肺阴不足"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "咳嗽,咳上声不畅,痰稠色黄,不易咯出,多属热证,多因热邪犯肺，肺津被灼所致。咳嗽,咳有痰声,妆多色白易咯,多属痰湿阻肺所致。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 62,
    "query": "上述各项，被称为“阳脉之海”的是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "任脉",
      "B": "督脉",
      "C": "冲脉",
      "D": "带脉",
      "E": "阳维脉"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "A项为阴脉之海,B项为阳脉之海,C项为血海、十二经脉之海。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 63,
    "query": "嘁,咳有痰声,痰多色白易咯・其临床意义是",
    "options": {
      "A": "燥邪犯肺",
      "B": "痰湿阻肺",
      "C": "热邪犯肺",
      "D": "肺气虚损",
      "E": "肺阴不足"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "咳嗽,咳上声不畅,痰稠色黄,不易咯出,多属热证,多因热邪犯肺，肺津被灼所致。咳嗽,咳有痰声,妆多色白易咯,多属痰湿阻肺所致。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 64,
    "query": "上述各项，被称为“血海”的是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "任脉",
      "B": "督脉",
      "C": "冲脉",
      "D": "带脉",
      "E": "阳维脉"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "A项为阴脉之海,B项为阳脉之海,C项为血海、十二经脉之海。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 65,
    "query": "小儿外感风寒常见到的指纹是",
    "options": {
      "A": "指纹淡白",
      "B": "指纹色青",
      "C": "指纹鲜红",
      "D": "指纹紫红",
      "E": "指纹紫黑"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "指纹淡白主脾虚、疳证;指纹青色主惊风、疼痛;指纹鲜红属外感表证、寒证;指纹紫红为里热证;指纹紫黑为血络瘀闭,病情危重。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 66,
    "query": "治疗中风上肢不遂者，除主穴外，还应选取的配穴是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "地仓、颊车",
      "B": "肩髃、手三里",
      "C": "环跳、阳陵泉",
      "D": "丘墟透照海",
      "E": "廉泉、通里"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "中风肝阳暴亢配太冲、太溪；风痰阻络配丰隆、合谷;痰热腑实配曲池、内定、丰隆；气虚血瘀配气海、血海、足三里；阴虚风动配太溪、风池;上肢不遂配肩髃、曲池、手三里、合谷；下肢不返配环跳、足三里、风市、阳陵泉、悬钟、太冲；病侧肢体屈曲拘孪者、肘部配曲泽、腕部配大陵、膝部配曲泉、踝部配太溪:足内翻配丘墟透照海;足外翻配太溪、中封；足下垂配解溪;口角㖞斜配地仓、颊车、合谷、太冲;语言謇涩配廉泉、通里、哑门;吞咽困难配廉泉、金津、玉液。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 67,
    "query": "小儿疳积常见到的指纹是",
    "options": {
      "A": "指纹淡白",
      "B": "指纹色青",
      "C": "指纹鲜红",
      "D": "指纹紫红",
      "E": "指纹紫黑"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "指纹淡白主脾虚、疳证;指纹青色主惊风、疼痛;指纹鲜红属外感表证、寒证;指纹紫红为里热证;指纹紫黑为血络瘀闭,病情危重。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 68,
    "query": "治疗中风足内翻者，除主穴外，还应选取的配穴是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "地仓、颊车",
      "B": "肩鶻、手三里",
      "C": "环跳、阳陵泉",
      "D": "丘墟透照海",
      "E": "廉泉、通里"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "中风肝阳暴亢配太冲、太溪；风痰阻络配丰隆、合谷;痰热腑实配曲池、内定、丰隆；气虚血瘀配气海、血海、足三里；阴虚风动配太溪、风池;上肢不遂配肩髃、曲池、手三里、合谷；下肢不返配环跳、足三里、风市、阳陵泉、悬钟、太冲；病侧肢体屈曲拘孪者、肘部配曲泽、腕部配大陵、膝部配曲泉、踝部配太溪:足内翻配丘墟透照海;足外翻配太溪、中封；足下垂配解溪;口角㖞斜配地仓、颊车、合谷、太冲;语言謇涩配廉泉、通里、哑门;吞咽困难配廉泉、金津、玉液。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 69,
    "query": "上述各项,属法定甲类传染病的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "风疹",
      "B": "流行性感冒",
      "C": "霍乱",
      "D": "流行性腮腺炎",
      "E": "狂犬病"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "甲类传染病:霍乱、鼠疫。乙类传染病;SARS、艾滋病、病毒性肝炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、麻疹、流行性出血热、狂犬病,流行性乙型脑炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、登革热、炭疽、细菌性痫疾和阿米巴性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒、肺结核、百日咳、白喉.新生儿破伤风、猩红热、布鲁氏菌病、淋病、梅毒、钩端螺族体病、血吸虫病、疟疾。ABD项为丙类传染病。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 70,
    "query": "治疗崩漏实证、应选取的主穴是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "三阴交、足三里、血海",
      "B": "三阴交、肝俞、气海",
      "C": "隐白、血海、阴陵泉、关元",
      "D": "关元、隐白、三阴交",
      "E": "三阴交、足三里、气海、肾俞"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "崩漏实证主穴:关元、三阴交、隐白。崩漏虚证主穴:气海、三阴交、肾俞、足三里。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 71,
    "query": "上述各项,属法定乙类传染病的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "风疹",
      "B": "流行性感冒",
      "C": "霍乱",
      "D": "流行性腮腺炎",
      "E": "狂犬病"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "甲类传染病:霍乱、鼠疫。乙类传染病;SARS、艾滋病、病毒性肝炎、脊髓灰质炎、人感染高致病性禽流感、麻疹、流行性出血热、狂犬病,流行性乙型脑炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、登革热、炭疽、细菌性痫疾和阿米巴性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒、肺结核、百日咳、白喉.新生儿破伤风、猩红热、布鲁氏菌病、淋病、梅毒、钩端螺族体病、血吸虫病、疟疾。ABD项为丙类传染病。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 72,
    "query": "治疗崩漏虚证，应选取的主穴是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "三阴交、足三里、血海",
      "B": "三阴交、肝俞、气海",
      "C": "隐白、血海、阴陵泉、关元",
      "D": "关元、隐白、三阴交",
      "E": "三阴交、足三里、气海、肾俞"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "崩漏实证主穴:关元、三阴交、隐白。崩漏虚证主穴:气海、三阴交、肾俞、足三里。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 73,
    "query": "治疗血瘀证,应选用的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "阿胶",
      "B": "白芍",
      "C": "当归",
      "D": "熟地黄",
      "E": "何首乌"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "当归:补血调经，活血止痛,润肠通便,用于血浓证。阿胶:补血,滋阴,润肺,止血,用于出血证,为止血要药。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 74,
    "query": "心肌梗死患者心电图出现V1～V6。导联ST段抬高，T波倒置，其定位诊断是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "下壁",
      "B": "前侧壁",
      "C": "高侧壁",
      "D": "前间壁",
      "E": "广泛前壁"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "下壁心肌梗死特征性心电图改变表现在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联;前侧壁心肌梗死表现在V1、V2、V3导联;高侧壁心肌梗死常表现在Ⅰ、aVL导联;前间壁心肌梗死常表现在V1、V2、V3导联;广泛前壁心肌梗死表现在V1~V6导联。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 75,
    "query": "治疗出血证,应选用的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "阿胶",
      "B": "白芍",
      "C": "当归",
      "D": "熟地黄",
      "E": "何首乌"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "当归:补血调经，活血止痛,润肠通便,用于血浓证。阿胶:补血,滋阴,润肺,止血,用于出血证,为止血要药。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 76,
    "query": "心肌梗死患者心电图出现Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段抬高，T波倒置，其定位诊断是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "下壁",
      "B": "前侧壁",
      "C": "高侧壁",
      "D": "前间壁",
      "E": "广泛前壁"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "下壁心肌梗死特征性心电图改变表现在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联;前侧壁心肌梗死表现在V1、V2、V3导联;高侧壁心肌梗死常表现在Ⅰ、aVL导联;前间壁心肌梗死常表现在V1、V2、V3导联;广泛前壁心肌梗死表现在V1~V6导联。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 77,
    "query": "上述各项,以突然昏厥,不省人事为特点的病理变化是",
    "options": {
      "A": "气滞",
      "B": "气道",
      "C": "气陷",
      "D": "气闭",
      "E": "气脱"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "气闭:指气机闭阻，失于外达,甚至清窍闭塞,出现昏厥的一种病理变化。气闭病机有因触冒秽浊之气所致的闭厥,突然精神刺激所致的气厥,剧靖所致的痛厥,痰闭气道的痰屡等。气脱:指气虚至极，不能内守而大量脱失,以致生命机能突然衰竭的一种病理变化。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 78,
    "query": "上述各项，有助于诊断Graves病的是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "血清甲状激素测定",
      "B": "促甲状腺激素测定",
      "C": "甲状腺自身抗体测定",
      "D": "甲状腺摄131^I率",
      "E": "放射性核素扫描"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)阳性率为75%~96%，是鉴别甲亢病因、诊断GD的指标之一。TSH测定是反映甲状腺功能最敏感的指标。A项可反映甲亢的程度与预后，是诊断甲亢的首选指标;D项主要用于甲状腺毒症病因鉴别;E项有助于诊断甲状腺自主高功能腺瘤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 79,
    "query": "上述各项、以全身机能突然衰竭为特点的病理变化是",
    "options": {
      "A": "气滞",
      "B": "气道",
      "C": "气陷",
      "D": "气闭",
      "E": "气脱"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "气闭:指气机闭阻，失于外达,甚至清窍闭塞,出现昏厥的一种病理变化。气闭病机有因触冒秽浊之气所致的闭厥,突然精神刺激所致的气厥,剧靖所致的痛厥,痰闭气道的痰屡等。气脱:指气虚至极，不能内守而大量脱失,以致生命机能突然衰竭的一种病理变化。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 80,
    "query": "上述各项，反映甲状腺功能最敏感的指标是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "血清甲状激素测定",
      "B": "促甲状腺激素测定",
      "C": "甲状腺自身抗体测定",
      "D": "甲状腺摄131^I率",
      "E": "放射性核素扫描"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)阳性率为75%~96%，是鉴别甲亢病因、诊断GD的指标之一。TSH测定是反映甲状腺功能最敏感的指标。A项可反映甲亢的程度与预后，是诊断甲亢的首选指标;D项主要用于甲状腺毒症病因鉴别;E项有助于诊断甲状腺自主高功能腺瘤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 81,
    "query": "判断邪气在表在里,主要观察的舌苔变化是",
    "options": {
      "A": "舌苔的润燥",
      "B": "舌昔的腐腻",
      "C": "舌苔的颜色",
      "D": "舌苔的偏全",
      "E": "舌苔的薄厚"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "舌苔的薄厚主要反映邪正的盛衰和邪气的深浅。舌苔的涧燥主要反映休内津液的盈亏和输布情况。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 82,
    "query": "丙型肝炎的主要传播途径是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "水源和食品污染",
      "B": "输血及血制品",
      "C": "母婴垂直传播",
      "D": "飞沫传播",
      "E": "虫媒传播"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "HAV、HEV主要经肠道排出体外，通过污染的手、水、食物等经口感染，以日常生活接触为主要方式，通常引起散发性发病，如水源被污染或生食污染的水产品(贝类动物)，可导致局部地区暴发流行。HBV通过血液和其他体液(汗液、唾液、尿液、乳汁、阴道分泌物、精液等)排出体外，主要传播途径:①输血及血制品以及使用污染的注射器或针刺等;②母婴垂直传播;③性接触传播。HCV传播途径与HBV相同而以输血及血制品传播为主。HDV的传播途径与HBV相同。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 83,
    "query": "判断津液盈亏,主要观察的舌苔变化是",
    "options": {
      "A": "舌苔的润燥",
      "B": "舌昔的腐腻",
      "C": "舌苔的颜色",
      "D": "舌苔的偏全",
      "E": "舌苔的薄厚"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "舌苔的薄厚主要反映邪正的盛衰和邪气的深浅。舌苔的涧燥主要反映休内津液的盈亏和输布情况。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 84,
    "query": "戊型肝炎的主要传播途径是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "水源和食品污染",
      "B": "输血及血制品",
      "C": "母婴垂直传播",
      "D": "飞沫传播",
      "E": "虫媒传播"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "HAV、HEV主要经肠道排出体外，通过污染的手、水、食物等经口感染，以日常生活接触为主要方式，通常引起散发性发病，如水源被污染或生食污染的水产品(贝类动物)，可导致局部地区暴发流行。HBV通过血液和其他体液(汗液、唾液、尿液、乳汁、阴道分泌物、精液等)排出体外，主要传播途径:①输血及血制品以及使用污染的注射器或针刺等;②母婴垂直传播;③性接触传播。HCV传播途径与HBV相同而以输血及血制品传播为主。HDV的传播途径与HBV相同。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 85,
    "query": "阳虚证的治法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "寒者热之",
      "B": "热者寒之",
      "C": "寒因寒用",
      "D": "阴病治阳",
      "E": "阳病治阴"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "阳病治阴适于阴虚之证。阴病治阳适用于阳虚之候。“阴虚则热“所出现的虚热证。采用\"阳病治阴\"的原则,滋阴以制阳亢.“阳虚则寒”所由现的虚寒证,采用\"阴病治阳\"的原则,阴虚者补阴,阳虚者补阳.以平为期。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 86,
    "query": "流行性乙型脑炎首选的治疗是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "抗菌治疗",
      "B": "抗病毒治疗",
      "C": "抗毒素治疗",
      "D": "补液治疗",
      "E": "对症治疗"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "流行性乙型脑炎为病毒感染，但目前在病原学治疗方面尚无特效的抗病毒药物，主要是采取积极对症治疗、支持治疗和护理，重点处理好高热、抽搐、控制脑水肿和呼吸衰竭等危重症状。流行性脑脊髓膜炎为细菌感染，治疗首选青霉素。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 87,
    "query": "阴虚证的治法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "寒者热之",
      "B": "热者寒之",
      "C": "寒因寒用",
      "D": "阴病治阳",
      "E": "阳病治阴"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "阳病治阴适于阴虚之证。阴病治阳适用于阳虚之候。“阴虚则热“所出现的虚热证。采用\"阳病治阴\"的原则,滋阴以制阳亢.“阳虚则寒”所由现的虚寒证,采用\"阴病治阳\"的原则,阴虚者补阴,阳虚者补阳.以平为期。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 88,
    "query": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎首选的治疗是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "抗菌治疗",
      "B": "抗病毒治疗",
      "C": "抗毒素治疗",
      "D": "补液治疗",
      "E": "对症治疗"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "流行性乙型脑炎为病毒感染，但目前在病原学治疗方面尚无特效的抗病毒药物，主要是采取积极对症治疗、支持治疗和护理，重点处理好高热、抽搐、控制脑水肿和呼吸衰竭等危重症状。流行性脑脊髓膜炎为细菌感染，治疗首选青霉素。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 89,
    "query": "君主之官指的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "心",
      "B": "肝",
      "C": "脾",
      "D": "肺",
      "E": "肾"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "】心的主要生理功能是主血脉,主藏神。由于心主宰人体整个生命活动.故称心为\"君主之官\"\"生之本\"五脏六腑之大主”。肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄与主藏血。生理特性主要有肝气升发与肝为刚脏。《素问·灵兰秘典论》说,“肝者,将军之官，谋虑出焉”,故149题选A项,150题选B项。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 90,
    "query": "伤寒的表现是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "高热、咳嗽、呼吸困难",
      "B": "高热、腹痛、脓血便",
      "C": "高热、抽搐、意识障碍",
      "D": "高热、头痛、皮下出血",
      "E": "高热、表情淡漠、相对缓脉"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "伤寒典型表现为高热,表情淡漠、反应迟钝、听力减退，可有相对缓脉、重脉。人感染高致病性禽流感的临床表现主要为发热，可伴有眼结膜炎、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、咽痛、头痛和全身不适，部分患者可出现恶心、腹痛、腹泻、稀水样便等消化道症状，重症者出现肺炎、ARDS、肾衰竭、败血症、休克等。B项为细菌性痢疾表现，C项为流行性乙型脑炎表现，D项为流行性脑脊髓膜炎表现。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 91,
    "query": "将军之官指的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "心",
      "B": "肝",
      "C": "脾",
      "D": "肺",
      "E": "肾"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "】心的主要生理功能是主血脉,主藏神。由于心主宰人体整个生命活动.故称心为\"君主之官\"\"生之本\"五脏六腑之大主”。肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄与主藏血。生理特性主要有肝气升发与肝为刚脏。《素问·灵兰秘典论》说,“肝者,将军之官，谋虑出焉”,故149题选A项,150题选B项。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 92,
    "query": "人感染高致病性禽流感的表现是（）",
    "options": {
      "A": "高热、咳嗽、呼吸困难",
      "B": "高热、腹痛、脓血便",
      "C": "高热、抽搐、意识障碍",
      "D": "高热、头痛、皮下出血",
      "E": "高热、表情淡漠、相对缓脉"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "伤寒典型表现为高热,表情淡漠、反应迟钝、听力减退，可有相对缓脉、重脉。人感染高致病性禽流感的临床表现主要为发热，可伴有眼结膜炎、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、咽痛、头痛和全身不适，部分患者可出现恶心、腹痛、腹泻、稀水样便等消化道症状，重症者出现肺炎、ARDS、肾衰竭、败血症、休克等。B项为细菌性痢疾表现，C项为流行性乙型脑炎表现，D项为流行性脑脊髓膜炎表现。"
  }
]