[
  {
    "question_num": 1,
    "query": "\"气之根\"是指",
    "options": {
      "A": "心",
      "B": "肺",
      "C": "脾",
      "D": "肝",
      "E": "肾"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "《类证治裁·喘证》说:“肺为气之主,肾为气之根。肺主出气，肾主纳气。阴阳相交，呼吸乃和。若出纳升降失常，斯喘作焉。”肺主一身之气，是指肺有主司一身之气的生成和运行的作用，故《素问·六节藏象论》说““肺者,气之本。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 2,
    "query": "\"气之主\"是指",
    "options": {
      "A": "心",
      "B": "肺",
      "C": "脾",
      "D": "肝",
      "E": "肾"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "《类证治裁·喘证》说:“肺为气之主,肾为气之根。肺主出气，肾主纳气。阴阳相交，呼吸乃和。若出纳升降失常，斯喘作焉。”肺主一身之气，是指肺有主司一身之气的生成和运行的作用，故《素问·六节藏象论》说““肺者,气之本。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 3,
    "query": "最易伤肺的病邪是",
    "options": {
      "A": "风",
      "B": "寒",
      "C": "火",
      "D": "湿",
      "E": "燥"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "凡致病具有干燥、收敛等特性的外邪，称为燥邪。燥邪伤人，多自口鼻而入，首犯肺卫，发为外燥病证。火热之邪侵入，热淫于内，一方面迫津外泄，因气随津泄而致津亏气耗;另一方面则直接消灼煎熬津液，耗伤人体的阴液，即所谓热盛伤阴。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 4,
    "query": "易伤津耗气的病邪是",
    "options": {
      "A": "风",
      "B": "寒",
      "C": "火",
      "D": "湿",
      "E": "燥"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "凡致病具有干燥、收敛等特性的外邪，称为燥邪。燥邪伤人，多自口鼻而入，首犯肺卫，发为外燥病证。火热之邪侵入，热淫于内，一方面迫津外泄，因气随津泄而致津亏气耗;另一方面则直接消灼煎熬津液，耗伤人体的阴液，即所谓热盛伤阴。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 5,
    "query": "肠道燥热内结发热的热型是",
    "options": {
      "A": "身热不扬",
      "B": "日晡潮热",
      "C": "发热恶寒",
      "D": "壮热汗出",
      "E": "长期微热"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "身热不扬多见于湿温;日哺潮热又称阳明潮热，多见于胃肠燥热内结;发热恶寒多见于外感表证;壮热汗出多见于外感温热病在气分阶段;长期微热多见于阴虚潮热、气虚发热及小儿夏季热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 6,
    "query": "气虚发热的热型是",
    "options": {
      "A": "身热不扬",
      "B": "日晡潮热",
      "C": "发热恶寒",
      "D": "壮热汗出",
      "E": "长期微热"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "身热不扬多见于湿温;日哺潮热又称阳明潮热，多见于胃肠燥热内结;发热恶寒多见于外感表证;壮热汗出多见于外感温热病在气分阶段;长期微热多见于阴虚潮热、气虚发热及小儿夏季热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 7,
    "query": "胃气衰败的舌象是",
    "options": {
      "A": "厚苔化薄",
      "B": "腻苔化松",
      "C": "厚苔骤剥",
      "D": "燥苔转润",
      "E": "黄苔转白"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "A说明正气渐复主病退;BD项主病退;C项苔由胃气所生，所以厚苔骤剥为胃气衰败之证;E项为热邪退去之证，黄苔主热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 8,
    "query": "热邪已退的舌象是",
    "options": {
      "A": "厚苔化薄",
      "B": "腻苔化松",
      "C": "厚苔骤剥",
      "D": "燥苔转润",
      "E": "黄苔转白"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "A说明正气渐复主病退;BD项主病退;C项苔由胃气所生，所以厚苔骤剥为胃气衰败之证;E项为热邪退去之证，黄苔主热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 9,
    "query": "尿浊的主症是",
    "options": {
      "A": "小便点滴短少",
      "B": "小便浑浊如米泔水",
      "C": "小便时尿道刺痛有血",
      "D": "小便点滴不通",
      "E": "小便有血"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "A项小便点滴短少为癃证的表现。B项小便混浊如米泔水为尿浊的主要表现。C项小便时尿道刺病有血为血淋的主症。D项小便点滴不通为闭证的主症。E项小便有血为尿血的主症。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 10,
    "query": "血淋的主症是",
    "options": {
      "A": "小便点滴短少",
      "B": "小便浑浊如米泔水",
      "C": "小便时尿道刺痛有血",
      "D": "小便点滴不通",
      "E": "小便有血"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "A项小便点滴短少为癃证的表现。B项小便混浊如米泔水为尿浊的主要表现。C项小便时尿道刺病有血为血淋的主症。D项小便点滴不通为闭证的主症。E项小便有血为尿血的主症。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 11,
    "query": "可见步履不稳，眩晕欲仆症状的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肝阳化风证",
      "B": "阴虚动风证",
      "C": "血虚生风证",
      "D": "热极生风证",
      "E": "肝阳上亢证"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "A项肝阳化风,风动于上，阴亏于下，上盛下虚,故步履不稳,肝怕化风，肝风内旋，上扰头目，则眩晕欲仆;B项可见手足蠕动;C项血虚不能上荣头面，故见眩晕，而白无华，肝主筋，血虚筋脉失养，故见肢体震频;D项可见高热神骨，躁扰如狂，于足抽搞等;E项可见眩晕耳鸣，头目胀痛等，"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 12,
    "query": "可见眩晕肢体震颤，面白无华症状的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "肝阳化风证",
      "B": "阴虚动风证",
      "C": "血虚生风证",
      "D": "热极生风证",
      "E": "肝阳上亢证"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "A项肝阳化风,风动于上，阴亏于下，上盛下虚,故步履不稳,肝怕化风，肝风内旋，上扰头目，则眩晕欲仆;B项可见手足蠕动;C项血虚不能上荣头面，故见眩晕，而白无华，肝主筋，血虚筋脉失养，故见肢体震频;D项可见高热神骨，躁扰如狂，于足抽搞等;E项可见眩晕耳鸣，头目胀痛等，"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 13,
    "query": "痢下赤多者，应重用",
    "options": {
      "A": "温药",
      "B": "凉药",
      "C": "血药",
      "D": "气药",
      "E": "寒药"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "痢疾是由外感时邪病毒和饮食不节导致邪蕴肠腑，气血壅滞，传导失司，肠络受伤而发病的。采取热痢清之寒痢温之,初痢实则通之，久虚痢则补之,寒热错杂者清温并用，虚实夹杂着攻补兼施。刘河间提出的“调气则后重自除，行血则便脓自愈调气和血之法，赤多用血药，白多用气药。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 14,
    "query": "痢下白多者，应重用",
    "options": {
      "A": "温药",
      "B": "凉药",
      "C": "血药",
      "D": "气药",
      "E": "寒药"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "痢疾是由外感时邪病毒和饮食不节导致邪蕴肠腑，气血壅滞，传导失司，肠络受伤而发病的。采取热痢清之寒痢温之,初痢实则通之，久虚痢则补之,寒热错杂者清温并用，虚实夹杂着攻补兼施。刘河间提出的“调气则后重自除，行血则便脓自愈调气和血之法，赤多用血药，白多用气药。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 15,
    "query": "具有解表功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "独活",
      "B": "防己",
      "C": "秦艽",
      "D": "木瓜",
      "E": "威灵仙"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "独活可祛风湿，止痛，解表。防己可祛风湿，止痛，利水消肿。秦艽可祛风湿，通络止痛，退虚热，清湿热。木瓜可舒筋活络，和胃化湿。威灵仙可祛风湿，通络止痛，消骨鲠。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 16,
    "query": "具有利水功效的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "独活",
      "B": "防己",
      "C": "秦艽",
      "D": "木瓜",
      "E": "威灵仙"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "独活可祛风湿，止痛，解表。防己可祛风湿，止痛，利水消肿。秦艽可祛风湿，通络止痛，退虚热，清湿热。木瓜可舒筋活络，和胃化湿。威灵仙可祛风湿，通络止痛，消骨鲠。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 17,
    "query": "产后腹痛血虚证的治法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "养血活血",
      "B": "补血益气",
      "C": "行气养血",
      "D": "活血止痛",
      "E": "活血化瘀，散寒止痛"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "养血活血适应于营血虚滞证;补血益气适用于血虚证;行气养血适用于气滞血虚证;活血止痛适用于血瘀证;活血化瘀，散寒止痛适用于寒凝血瘀证"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 18,
    "query": "产后腹痛血瘀证的治法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "养血活血",
      "B": "补血益气",
      "C": "行气养血",
      "D": "活血止痛",
      "E": "活血化瘀，散寒止痛"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "养血活血适应于营血虚滞证;补血益气适用于血虚证;行气养血适用于气滞血虚证;活血止痛适用于血瘀证;活血化瘀，散寒止痛适用于寒凝血瘀证"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 19,
    "query": "治疗寒饮呕吐，宜选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "白芥子",
      "B": "杏仁",
      "C": "半夏",
      "D": "桔梗",
      "E": "竹茹"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "半夏可燥湿化痰:降逆止呕,消病散结，为燥湿化痰、温化寒痰之要药。对各种原因的呕吐，皆可随证配伍用之,对痰饮或胃寒所致的胃气上逆呕吐尤宜。另外，半夏辛开散结，可化痰消痞，又可治疗湿阻致心下痞满。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 20,
    "query": "治疗湿阻胸脘痞闷，宜选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "白芥子",
      "B": "杏仁",
      "C": "半夏",
      "D": "桔梗",
      "E": "竹茹"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "半夏可燥湿化痰:降逆止呕,消病散结，为燥湿化痰、温化寒痰之要药。对各种原因的呕吐，皆可随证配伍用之,对痰饮或胃寒所致的胃气上逆呕吐尤宜。另外，半夏辛开散结，可化痰消痞，又可治疗湿阻致心下痞满。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 21,
    "query": "治疗麻疹初热期应首选的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "黄连解毒汤",
      "B": "宣毒发表汤",
      "C": "清咽下痰汤",
      "D": "清解透表汤",
      "E": "羚角钩藤汤"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "治疗麻疹初热期应首选的方剂是宣毒发表汤。治疗麻疹出疹期应首选的方剂是清解透表汤，"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 22,
    "query": "治疗肝火犯肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "二陈汤合三子养亲汤",
      "B": "清金化痰汤",
      "C": "桑杏汤",
      "D": "黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散",
      "E": "三拗汤合止嗽散"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "肝火犯肺型咳嗽是由于肝郁化火，上逆侮肺所致，治宜清肝泻肺，化痰止咳，方用黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散。痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽是由于脾湿生痰、上渍于肺、壅遏肺气所致，治宜健脾燥湿，化痰止咳，方用二陈汤合三子养亲汤。清金化痰汤治疗痰热郁肺证；桑杏汤治疗风燥伤肺证咳嗽；三拗汤合止嗽散治疗风寒袭肺证咳嗽。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 23,
    "query": "治疗麻疹出疹期应首选的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "黄连解毒汤",
      "B": "宣毒发表汤",
      "C": "清咽下痰汤",
      "D": "清解透表汤",
      "E": "羚角钩藤汤"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "治疗麻疹初热期应首选的方剂是宣毒发表汤。治疗麻疹出疹期应首选的方剂是清解透表汤，"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 24,
    "query": "治疗痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "二陈汤合三子养亲汤",
      "B": "清金化痰汤",
      "C": "桑杏汤",
      "D": "黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散",
      "E": "三拗汤合止嗽散"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "肝火犯肺型咳嗽是由于肝郁化火，上逆侮肺所致，治宜清肝泻肺，化痰止咳，方用黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散。痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽是由于脾湿生痰、上渍于肺、壅遏肺气所致，治宜健脾燥湿，化痰止咳，方用二陈汤合三子养亲汤。清金化痰汤治疗痰热郁肺证；桑杏汤治疗风燥伤肺证咳嗽；三拗汤合止嗽散治疗风寒袭肺证咳嗽。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 25,
    "query": "小肠者",
    "options": {
      "A": "仓廪之官，五味出焉",
      "B": "中正之官，决断出焉",
      "C": "受盛之官，化物出焉",
      "D": "相傅之官，治节出焉",
      "E": "作强之官，伎巧出焉"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "《素问·灵兰秘典论》:“心者，君主之官也,神明出焉。肺者，相傅之官，治节出焉。肝者，将军之官，谋虑出焉。胆者，中正之官，决断出焉。中者，臣使之官，喜乐出焉。脾胃者，仓廪之官，五味出焉。大肠者，传导之官，变化出焉。小肠者，受盛之官，化物出焉。肾者，作强之官，伎巧出焉。三焦者，决渎之官，水道出焉。者，州，，伴没服病:则能出关"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 26,
    "query": "寒邪内阻型腹痛，治疗首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "柴胡疏肝散",
      "B": "逍遥散",
      "C": "良附丸合正气天香散",
      "D": "木香顺气散",
      "E": "小建中汤"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "寒邪内阻型腹痛，治当散寒温里，理气止痛，方选良附丸合正气天香散。肝郁气滞型腹痛，治当疏肝解郁，理气止痛，方选柴胡疏肝散。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 27,
    "query": "肺者",
    "options": {
      "A": "仓廪之官，五味出焉",
      "B": "中正之官，决断出焉",
      "C": "受盛之官，化物出焉",
      "D": "相傅之官，治节出焉",
      "E": "作强之官，伎巧出焉"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "《素问·灵兰秘典论》:“心者，君主之官也,神明出焉。肺者，相傅之官，治节出焉。肝者，将军之官，谋虑出焉。胆者，中正之官，决断出焉。中者，臣使之官，喜乐出焉。脾胃者，仓廪之官，五味出焉。大肠者，传导之官，变化出焉。小肠者，受盛之官，化物出焉。肾者，作强之官，伎巧出焉。三焦者，决渎之官，水道出焉。者，州，，伴没服病:则能出关"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 28,
    "query": "肝郁气滞型腹痛，治疗首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "柴胡疏肝散",
      "B": "逍遥散",
      "C": "良附丸合正气天香散",
      "D": "木香顺气散",
      "E": "小建中汤"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "寒邪内阻型腹痛，治当散寒温里，理气止痛，方选良附丸合正气天香散。肝郁气滞型腹痛，治当疏肝解郁，理气止痛，方选柴胡疏肝散。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 29,
    "query": "患者头微痛，恶寒无汗，咳嗽痰稀，鼻塞咽干，苔白，脉弦。治宜选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "清燥救肺汤",
      "B": "杏苏散",
      "C": "桑杏汤",
      "D": "麦门冬汤",
      "E": "百合固金汤"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "杏苏散轻宣凉燥，止咳化痰，适用于外感凉燥证。麦门冬汤滋养肺胃，降逆和中，适用于肺胃阴伤气逆之肺瘘及胃阴不足证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 30,
    "query": "百合固金汤主治",
    "options": {
      "A": "阴虚肺热咳血",
      "B": "胃热壅盛吐血",
      "C": "阴虚火旺尿血",
      "D": "肝火犯肺咳血",
      "E": "肾虚不固尿血"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "百合固金汤能滋阴润肺，宁络止血，适用于阴虚肺热的咳嗽痰少，痰中带血。无比山药丸能补肾固摄，适用于肾气不固所致的尿血、腰膝酸软。B项用泻心汤合十灰散；C项用知柏地黄丸；D项用泻白散合黛蛤散加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 31,
    "query": "患者咳唾涎沫，短气喘促，咽喉干燥，舌干红少苔，脉虚数。治宜选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "清燥救肺汤",
      "B": "杏苏散",
      "C": "桑杏汤",
      "D": "麦门冬汤",
      "E": "百合固金汤"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "杏苏散轻宣凉燥，止咳化痰，适用于外感凉燥证。麦门冬汤滋养肺胃，降逆和中，适用于肺胃阴伤气逆之肺瘘及胃阴不足证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 32,
    "query": "无比山药丸主治",
    "options": {
      "A": "阴虚肺热咳血",
      "B": "胃热壅盛吐血",
      "C": "阴虚火旺尿血",
      "D": "肝火犯肺咳血",
      "E": "肾虚不固尿血"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "百合固金汤能滋阴润肺，宁络止血，适用于阴虚肺热的咳嗽痰少，痰中带血。无比山药丸能补肾固摄，适用于肾气不固所致的尿血、腰膝酸软。B项用泻心汤合十灰散；C项用知柏地黄丸；D项用泻白散合黛蛤散加减。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 33,
    "query": "高热不退，烦闷躁扰，手足抽搐，舌绛而干，脉弦数者。治宜选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
      "B": "大定风珠",
      "C": "羚角钩藤汤",
      "D": "镇肝熄风汤",
      "E": "川芎茶调散"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "高热不退，手足抽搞，提示此患者有风有热，由此判断为热盛动风之证，羚角钩藤汤凉肝息风，增液舒筋。口苦面红，舌红苔黄为肝阳亢盛之证;肝阳上亢以致头痛眩晕，失眠多梦，天麻钩藤饮乎肝息风，清热活血，补益肝肾。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 34,
    "query": "肝脾血瘀型臌胀可见",
    "options": {
      "A": "腹大，按之不坚，胁下胀满或痛，纳食减少",
      "B": "腹膨大如鼓，按之坚满，脘闷纳呆",
      "C": "腹大坚满，青筋暴露，胁腹攻痛，可触及肿块",
      "D": "腹大胀满，人暮尤甚，面色萎黄或㿠白，肢冷浮肿",
      "E": "腹大坚满，胁腹疼痛拒按，烦热口苦，渴不欲饮"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "肝脾血瘀型臌胀可见腹大坚满，青筋暴露，胁腹攻痛，可触及肿块。臌胀水湿内停证可见按之坚满，脘闷纳呆。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 35,
    "query": "头痛眩晕，失眠多梦，舌红苔黄，口苦面红，脉弦数者。治宜选用",
    "options": {
      "A": "天麻钩藤饮",
      "B": "大定风珠",
      "C": "羚角钩藤汤",
      "D": "镇肝熄风汤",
      "E": "川芎茶调散"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "高热不退，手足抽搞，提示此患者有风有热，由此判断为热盛动风之证，羚角钩藤汤凉肝息风，增液舒筋。口苦面红，舌红苔黄为肝阳亢盛之证;肝阳上亢以致头痛眩晕，失眠多梦，天麻钩藤饮乎肝息风，清热活血，补益肝肾。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 36,
    "query": "水湿内停型臌胀可见",
    "options": {
      "A": "腹大，按之不坚，胁下胀满或痛，纳食减少",
      "B": "腹膨大如鼓，按之坚满，脘闷纳呆",
      "C": "腹大坚满，青筋暴露，胁腹攻痛，可触及肿块",
      "D": "腹大胀满，人暮尤甚，面色萎黄或㿠白，肢冷浮肿",
      "E": "腹大坚满，胁腹疼痛拒按，烦热口苦，渴不欲饮"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "肝脾血瘀型臌胀可见腹大坚满，青筋暴露，胁腹攻痛，可触及肿块。臌胀水湿内停证可见按之坚满，脘闷纳呆。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 37,
    "query": "以狂躁、面赤、哭笑无常为主要临床表现的证候是",
    "options": {
      "A": "痰蒙心神证",
      "B": "胆郁痰扰证",
      "C": "痰火扰神证",
      "D": "瘀阻脑络证",
      "E": "痰阻心脉证"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "狂躁、面赤、哭笑无常属阳证，多见于狂证，系痰火扰神;而惊悸不宁、烦躁失眠，大多责之于胆,胆主决断,所以诊为胆郁痰扰证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 38,
    "query": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物，分界清楚，便后能自行回纳，青蓝色，易出血，其诊断是",
    "options": {
      "A": "Ⅱ期内痔",
      "B": "Ⅲ期内痔",
      "C": "一度直肠脱垂",
      "D": "二度直肠脱垂",
      "E": "三度直肠脱垂"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "内痔分期：①Ⅰ期内痔，无明显自觉症状，痔核小，便时粪便带血，或滴血，量少，无痔核脱出，镜检痔核小，质软，色红；②Ⅱ期内痔，周期性、无痛性便血，呈滴血或射血状，量较多，痔核较大，便时痔核能脱出肛外，便后能自行还纳；③Ⅲ期内痔，便血少或无便血，痔核大，呈灰白色，便时痔核经常脱出肛外，甚至行走、咳嗽、喷嚏、站立时也会脱出肛门，不能自行还纳，须用手托、平卧休息或热敷后方能复位；④Ⅳ期内痔，平时或腹压稍大时痔核即脱出肛外，手托亦常不能复位，痔核经常位于肛外，易感染，形成水肿、糜烂和坏死，疼痛剧烈。直肠脱垂分度：①一度脱垂为直肠黏膜脱出，脱出物淡红色，长3-5cm，触之柔软，无弹性，不易出血，便后可自行回纳；②二度脱垂为直肠全层脱出，脱出物长5-10cm，呈圆锥状，淡红色，表面为环状而有层次的黏膜皱襞，触之较厚，有弹性，肛门松弛，便后有时需用手回复；③三度脱垂为直肠及部分乙状结肠脱出，长10cm以上，呈圆柱形，触之很厚，肛门松弛无力。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 39,
    "query": "以惊悸不宁、烦躁失眠为主要临床表现的证候是",
    "options": {
      "A": "痰蒙心神证",
      "B": "胆郁痰扰证",
      "C": "痰火扰神证",
      "D": "瘀阻脑络证",
      "E": "痰阻心脉证"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "狂躁、面赤、哭笑无常属阳证，多见于狂证，系痰火扰神;而惊悸不宁、烦躁失眠，大多责之于胆,胆主决断,所以诊为胆郁痰扰证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 40,
    "query": "患者排便时肛内脱出肿物，为耳状淡红色黏膜皱襞，长3～5cm，触之柔软，无弹性，便后能自行回纳，不易出血，其诊断是",
    "options": {
      "A": "Ⅱ期内痔",
      "B": "Ⅲ期内痔",
      "C": "一度直肠脱垂",
      "D": "二度直肠脱垂",
      "E": "三度直肠脱垂"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "内痔分期：①Ⅰ期内痔，无明显自觉症状，痔核小，便时粪便带血，或滴血，量少，无痔核脱出，镜检痔核小，质软，色红；②Ⅱ期内痔，周期性、无痛性便血，呈滴血或射血状，量较多，痔核较大，便时痔核能脱出肛外，便后能自行还纳；③Ⅲ期内痔，便血少或无便血，痔核大，呈灰白色，便时痔核经常脱出肛外，甚至行走、咳嗽、喷嚏、站立时也会脱出肛门，不能自行还纳，须用手托、平卧休息或热敷后方能复位；④Ⅳ期内痔，平时或腹压稍大时痔核即脱出肛外，手托亦常不能复位，痔核经常位于肛外，易感染，形成水肿、糜烂和坏死，疼痛剧烈。直肠脱垂分度：①一度脱垂为直肠黏膜脱出，脱出物淡红色，长3-5cm，触之柔软，无弹性，不易出血，便后可自行回纳；②二度脱垂为直肠全层脱出，脱出物长5-10cm，呈圆锥状，淡红色，表面为环状而有层次的黏膜皱襞，触之较厚，有弹性，肛门松弛，便后有时需用手回复；③三度脱垂为直肠及部分乙状结肠脱出，长10cm以上，呈圆柱形，触之很厚，肛门松弛无力。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 41,
    "query": "属于手少阴心经的腧穴是",
    "options": {
      "A": "曲池",
      "B": "曲泽",
      "C": "尺泽",
      "D": "少海",
      "E": "小海"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "属于手少阴心经的腧穴是少海。属于手太阴肺经的腧穴是尺泽。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 42,
    "query": "多局限于指甲一侧的疔疮称为",
    "options": {
      "A": "螺疔",
      "B": "蛇头疔",
      "C": "蛇眼疔",
      "D": "蛀节疔",
      "E": "蛇肚疔"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "生在手指指节间的，绕指肿痛，色黄或紫，叫蛀节疔。生于手指螺纹的，叫螺疔。蛇头疔指指端焮热红肿。蛇眼疔多局限于指甲一侧。生于指腹部的疔疮称蛇肚疔。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 43,
    "query": "属于手太阴肺经的腧穴是",
    "options": {
      "A": "曲池",
      "B": "曲泽",
      "C": "尺泽",
      "D": "少海",
      "E": "小海"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "属于手少阴心经的腧穴是少海。属于手太阴肺经的腧穴是尺泽。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 44,
    "query": "生于指腹部的疔疮称为",
    "options": {
      "A": "螺疔",
      "B": "蛇头疔",
      "C": "蛇眼疔",
      "D": "蛀节疔",
      "E": "蛇肚疔"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "生在手指指节间的，绕指肿痛，色黄或紫，叫蛀节疔。生于手指螺纹的，叫螺疔。蛇头疔指指端焮热红肿。蛇眼疔多局限于指甲一侧。生于指腹部的疔疮称蛇肚疔。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 45,
    "query": "腹膜刺激征多见于",
    "options": {
      "A": "急性腹膜炎",
      "B": "胆囊结石",
      "C": "急性阑尾炎",
      "D": "急性胰腺炎",
      "E": "肾结石"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "腹肌紧张伴压痛反跳痛称为腹膜刺激征，是急性腹膜炎的可靠体征。麦氏点(右髂前上棘与脐连线中外1/3交界处)压痛多考虑急性阑尾炎。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 46,
    "query": "慢脾风患儿的目态是",
    "options": {
      "A": "戴眼反折",
      "B": "目睛凝视",
      "C": "睡眠露睛",
      "D": "双睑下垂",
      "E": "横目斜视"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "睡眠露睛：患者昏昏欲睡，睡后胞睑未闭而睛珠外露。多属脾气虚弱，气血不足，胞睑失养所致。常见于吐泻伤津和慢脾风的患儿。双睑下垂：多为先天不足，脾肾亏虚。目睛凝视：两眼固定，不能转动。固定前视者，称瞪目直视；固定上视者，称戴眼反折；固定斜视者，称横目斜视。多属肝风内动之证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 47,
    "query": "麦氏点压痛多考虑",
    "options": {
      "A": "急性腹膜炎",
      "B": "胆囊结石",
      "C": "急性阑尾炎",
      "D": "急性胰腺炎",
      "E": "肾结石"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "腹肌紧张伴压痛反跳痛称为腹膜刺激征，是急性腹膜炎的可靠体征。麦氏点(右髂前上棘与脐连线中外1/3交界处)压痛多考虑急性阑尾炎。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 48,
    "query": "脾肾两亏的目态是",
    "options": {
      "A": "戴眼反折",
      "B": "目睛凝视",
      "C": "睡眠露睛",
      "D": "双睑下垂",
      "E": "横目斜视"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "睡眠露睛：患者昏昏欲睡，睡后胞睑未闭而睛珠外露。多属脾气虚弱，气血不足，胞睑失养所致。常见于吐泻伤津和慢脾风的患儿。双睑下垂：多为先天不足，脾肾亏虚。目睛凝视：两眼固定，不能转动。固定前视者，称瞪目直视；固定上视者，称戴眼反折；固定斜视者，称横目斜视。多属肝风内动之证。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 49,
    "query": "正常脾脏检查时表现为",
    "options": {
      "A": "不易触及",
      "B": "Courvoisier征阳性",
      "C": "左季肋部和肋脊点有压痛",
      "D": "上腹部肋下或左季肋部触及囊性肿物，位置固定，表面光滑，无压痛",
      "E": "上腹部轻压痛"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "正常情况下脾不能触及。内脏下垂或左侧胸腔积液、积气时膈下降，可使脾向下移位。除此以外，能触到脾则提示脾增大至正常2倍以上。癌发生于胰头部者，可出现梗阻性黄症及胆食肿大而无压痛(即Courvoisier征阳性)。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 50,
    "query": "直接损伤冲任，导致妇科疾病的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "气血失调，脏腑功能失常",
      "B": "情志不畅，肝气郁结",
      "C": "思虑过度，劳伤心脾",
      "D": "阴虚肺燥，虚火内生",
      "E": "经期产时，感染邪毒"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "经期产时，忽视卫生，感染邪毒，搏结胞宫，损伤冲任；久居湿地，冒雨涉水，或经期游泳，寒湿之邪侵袭胞宫，客于冲任；跌仆闪挫，外伤（含宫腔手术创伤），房事不节，或“合之非道”，可直接伤及胞宫。脏腑功能失常是间接导致冲任受损的病因。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 51,
    "query": "胰头癌检查时表现为",
    "options": {
      "A": "不易触及",
      "B": "Courvoisier征阳性",
      "C": "左季肋部和肋脊点有压痛",
      "D": "上腹部肋下或左季肋部触及囊性肿物，位置固定，表面光滑，无压痛",
      "E": "上腹部轻压痛"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "正常情况下脾不能触及。内脏下垂或左侧胸腔积液、积气时膈下降，可使脾向下移位。除此以外，能触到脾则提示脾增大至正常2倍以上。癌发生于胰头部者，可出现梗阻性黄症及胆食肿大而无压痛(即Courvoisier征阳性)。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 52,
    "query": "间接损伤冲任，导致妇科疾病的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "气血失调，脏腑功能失常",
      "B": "情志不畅，肝气郁结",
      "C": "思虑过度，劳伤心脾",
      "D": "阴虚肺燥，虚火内生",
      "E": "经期产时，感染邪毒"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "经期产时，忽视卫生，感染邪毒，搏结胞宫，损伤冲任；久居湿地，冒雨涉水，或经期游泳，寒湿之邪侵袭胞宫，客于冲任；跌仆闪挫，外伤（含宫腔手术创伤），房事不节，或“合之非道”，可直接伤及胞宫。脏腑功能失常是间接导致冲任受损的病因。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 53,
    "query": "肝硬化并发上消化道出血，首选的治疗方法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "奥美拉唑静脉注射",
      "B": "胃内注入去甲肾上腺素",
      "C": "气囊压迫止血",
      "D": "垂体后叶素静脉注射",
      "E": "手术治疗"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "肝硬化并发上消化道出血、首选垂休后叶素静脉注射。消化性溃疡并发上消化道出血，首选奥美拉唑静脉注射,奥美拉唑可抑制胃酸分泌，升高胃内pH促进止血。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 54,
    "query": "治疗产后发热血瘀证，应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "五味消毒饮",
      "B": "生化汤",
      "C": "补中益气汤",
      "D": "荆防四物汤",
      "E": "银翘散"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "产后瘀血内阻，营卫不通，阴阳失和，则乍寒乍热，其治疗原则为活血祛瘀，和营除热。产后亡血伤津，阴血骤虚，阳无所依，虚阳越浮于外，则身有微热，其治法为养血益气，和营退热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 55,
    "query": "消化性溃疡并发上消化道出血，首选的治疗方法是",
    "options": {
      "A": "奥美拉唑静脉注射",
      "B": "胃内注入去甲肾上腺素",
      "C": "气囊压迫止血",
      "D": "垂体后叶素静脉注射",
      "E": "手术治疗"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "肝硬化并发上消化道出血、首选垂休后叶素静脉注射。消化性溃疡并发上消化道出血，首选奥美拉唑静脉注射,奥美拉唑可抑制胃酸分泌，升高胃内pH促进止血。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 56,
    "query": "治疗产后发热血虚证，应首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "五味消毒饮",
      "B": "生化汤",
      "C": "补中益气汤",
      "D": "荆防四物汤",
      "E": "银翘散"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "产后瘀血内阻，营卫不通，阴阳失和，则乍寒乍热，其治疗原则为活血祛瘀，和营除热。产后亡血伤津，阴血骤虚，阳无所依，虚阳越浮于外，则身有微热，其治法为养血益气，和营退热。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 57,
    "query": "医师经注册后，可以",
    "options": {
      "A": "经资格认定取得执业证书，取得开展诊疗活动资格",
      "B": "在医疗卫生机构中执业，从事相应的医疗卫生服务",
      "C": "经医学本科学历教育，具备申请医师资格考试的基本条件",
      "D": "增加执业范围",
      "E": "经相应职称评审发给执业证书，取得相应的专业职称系列资格"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "医师经注册后，可以在医疗卫生机构中按照注册的执业地点、执业类别、执业范围执业,从事相应的医疗卫生服务中医、中西医结合医师可以在医疗机构中的中医科、中西医结合科或者其他临床科室按照注册的执业类别、执业范围执业。医师经相关专业培训和考核合格,可以增加执业范围。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 58,
    "query": "汗证肺卫不固的主症是",
    "options": {
      "A": "自汗为主，头部、肩背部明显",
      "B": "自汗为主，汗出遍身而不温",
      "C": "盗汗为主，手足心热",
      "D": "自汗或盗汗，头部、四肢为多",
      "E": "盗汗为主，遍身汗出"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "汗证肺卫不固多见于体质虚弱的小儿，以自汗为主，头部、肩背部明显，可伴有盗汗，易外感；汗证营卫失调以自汗为主，营卫之气遍绕全身，所以汗出全身而不温，没有固定的部位。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 59,
    "query": "医师经相关专业培训和考核合格，可以",
    "options": {
      "A": "经资格认定取得执业证书，取得开展诊疗活动资格",
      "B": "在医疗卫生机构中执业，从事相应的医疗卫生服务",
      "C": "经医学本科学历教育，具备申请医师资格考试的基本条件",
      "D": "增加执业范围",
      "E": "经相应职称评审发给执业证书，取得相应的专业职称系列资格"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "医师经注册后，可以在医疗卫生机构中按照注册的执业地点、执业类别、执业范围执业,从事相应的医疗卫生服务中医、中西医结合医师可以在医疗机构中的中医科、中西医结合科或者其他临床科室按照注册的执业类别、执业范围执业。医师经相关专业培训和考核合格,可以增加执业范围。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 60,
    "query": "汗证营卫失调的主症是",
    "options": {
      "A": "自汗为主，头部、肩背部明显",
      "B": "自汗为主，汗出遍身而不温",
      "C": "盗汗为主，手足心热",
      "D": "自汗或盗汗，头部、四肢为多",
      "E": "盗汗为主，遍身汗出"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "汗证肺卫不固多见于体质虚弱的小儿，以自汗为主，头部、肩背部明显，可伴有盗汗，易外感；汗证营卫失调以自汗为主，营卫之气遍绕全身，所以汗出全身而不温，没有固定的部位。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 61,
    "query": "心肌梗死合并急性左心衰竭的主要治疗药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "吗啡和利尿剂",
      "B": "硝普钠",
      "C": "毛花苷C",
      "D": "卡托普利",
      "E": "美托洛尔"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "心肌梗死合并急性左心衰竭,以应用吗啡(或哌替啶)为主，亦可选用血管扩张剂减轻左心室的负荷，或用短效血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂从小剂量等开始治疗。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂适用于伴有心力衰竭、心肌梗死后、糖耐量异常或糖尿病肾病的高血压患者。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 62,
    "query": "治疗麻疹初热期应首选的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "黄连解毒汤",
      "B": "宣毒发表汤",
      "C": "清咽下痰汤",
      "D": "清解透表汤",
      "E": "羚角钩藤汤"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "麻疹初热期，治宜辛凉透表，清宣肺卫，方选宣毒发表汤。麻疹出疹期，治宜清热解毒，佐以透发，方选清解透表汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 63,
    "query": "高血压伴心力衰竭的患者应选用的药物是",
    "options": {
      "A": "吗啡和利尿剂",
      "B": "硝普钠",
      "C": "毛花苷C",
      "D": "卡托普利",
      "E": "美托洛尔"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "心肌梗死合并急性左心衰竭,以应用吗啡(或哌替啶)为主，亦可选用血管扩张剂减轻左心室的负荷，或用短效血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂从小剂量等开始治疗。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂适用于伴有心力衰竭、心肌梗死后、糖耐量异常或糖尿病肾病的高血压患者。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 64,
    "query": "治疗麻疹出疹期应首选的方剂是",
    "options": {
      "A": "黄连解毒汤",
      "B": "宣毒发表汤",
      "C": "清咽下痰汤",
      "D": "清解透表汤",
      "E": "羚角钩藤汤"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "麻疹初热期，治宜辛凉透表，清宣肺卫，方选宣毒发表汤。麻疹出疹期，治宜清热解毒，佐以透发，方选清解透表汤。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 65,
    "query": "用补益药治疗闭塞不通症状的病证，属于",
    "options": {
      "A": "热因热用",
      "B": "寒因寒用",
      "C": "塞因塞用",
      "D": "通因通用",
      "E": "热者寒之"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "热因热用即以热药治疗真寒假热之法;寒因寒用指用寒凉药治疗内真热而外假寒的方法;通因通用是以通治通，即用通利药治疗具有实性通泄症状的病证;塞因塞用,前“塞”为塞法,指补养固涩，后“寒”为寒证,指本虚标实之满胀不通的病证!热者寒之指热性的疾病，用寒凉的方药治疗。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 66,
    "query": "根据五行相克规律确定的治则是",
    "options": {
      "A": "益火补土",
      "B": "培土制水",
      "C": "滋水涵木",
      "D": "泻南补北",
      "E": "佐金平木"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "“培土制水法”是用温运脾阳或温肾健脾药以治疗水湿停聚为病的一种方法，即加强“土”的力量以克制“水”。“佐金平木法”是清肃肺气以抑制肝木的方法。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 67,
    "query": "用热性药治疗具有假热症状的病证，属于",
    "options": {
      "A": "热因热用",
      "B": "寒因寒用",
      "C": "塞因塞用",
      "D": "通因通用",
      "E": "热者寒之"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "热因热用即以热药治疗真寒假热之法;寒因寒用指用寒凉药治疗内真热而外假寒的方法;通因通用是以通治通，即用通利药治疗具有实性通泄症状的病证;塞因塞用,前“塞”为塞法,指补养固涩，后“寒”为寒证,指本虚标实之满胀不通的病证!热者寒之指热性的疾病，用寒凉的方药治疗。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 68,
    "query": "清肃肺气以抑制肝木的治法属于",
    "options": {
      "A": "益火补土",
      "B": "培土制水",
      "C": "滋水涵木",
      "D": "泻南补北",
      "E": "佐金平木"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "“培土制水法”是用温运脾阳或温肾健脾药以治疗水湿停聚为病的一种方法，即加强“土”的力量以克制“水”。“佐金平木法”是清肃肺气以抑制肝木的方法。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 69,
    "query": "\"无恒德者，不可以作医，人命死生之系。\"出自的著作是",
    "options": {
      "A": "《省心录·论医》",
      "B": "《备急千金要方》",
      "C": "《外科正宗》",
      "D": "《本草纲目》",
      "E": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "“无恒德者,不可以作医，人命死生之系”，出自我国古代的医学道德著作《省心录·论医》。“启我爱医术，复爱世间人，愿绝名利心，尽力为病人，无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁。”出自阿拉伯医学道德著作《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 70,
    "query": "患者因流产而失血过多，导致月经不调，久不怀孕，其病在哪经",
    "options": {
      "A": "阴跷脉、阳跷脉",
      "B": "阴维脉、阳维脉",
      "C": "督脉、任脉",
      "D": "冲脉、任脉",
      "E": "阴跷脉、阴维脉"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "任脉可调节全身阴经脉气，故称“阴脉之海”；冲脉可含蓄调节十二经气血，故称“十二经之海”，又称“血海”。根据任脉和冲脉的作用，妇女月经病多与冲任二脉有关。阴跷脉和阳跷脉具有调节肢体运动，司眼睑开合的作用，故当患者久病，眼睑开合失司，下肢运动不利时，病应在阴跷脉和阳跷脉。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 71,
    "query": "\"启我爱医术，复爱世间人，愿绝名利心，尽力为病人，无分爱与憎，不问富与贫，凡诸疾病者，一视如同仁。\"出自的著作是",
    "options": {
      "A": "《省心录·论医》",
      "B": "《备急千金要方》",
      "C": "《外科正宗》",
      "D": "《本草纲目》",
      "E": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》"
    },
    "answer": "E",
    "reason": "“无恒德者,不可以作医，人命死生之系”，出自我国古代的医学道德著作《省心录·论医》。“启我爱医术，复爱世间人，愿绝名利心，尽力为病人，无分爱与憎,不问富与贫,凡诸疾病者,一视如同仁。”出自阿拉伯医学道德著作《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 72,
    "query": "患者久病，眼睑开合失司，下肢运动不利，其病在哪经",
    "options": {
      "A": "阴跷脉、阳跷脉",
      "B": "阴维脉、阳维脉",
      "C": "督脉、任脉",
      "D": "冲脉、任脉",
      "E": "阴跷脉、阴维脉"
    },
    "answer": "A",
    "reason": "任脉可调节全身阴经脉气，故称“阴脉之海”；冲脉可含蓄调节十二经气血，故称“十二经之海”，又称“血海”。根据任脉和冲脉的作用，妇女月经病多与冲任二脉有关。阴跷脉和阳跷脉具有调节肢体运动，司眼睑开合的作用，故当患者久病，眼睑开合失司，下肢运动不利时，病应在阴跷脉和阳跷脉。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 73,
    "query": "上述各项中符合急诊科道德要求的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "尊重病人的人格",
      "B": "精诚团结，密切协作",
      "C": "分秒必争，全力以赴",
      "D": "具有无私奉献精神",
      "E": "保守隐私和秘密"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "急诊科道德要求做好充分的急救准备;要争分夺秒，积极抢救病人要勇于承担风险，团结协作。传染科道德要求重视消毒和隔离;强化社会预防保健意识;要有不怕苦、不怕果、勇于献身的高尚道德情操;严格疫情报告制度;科学防治，不断探索。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 74,
    "query": "阻塞性黄疸，常出现",
    "options": {
      "A": "水样或粥样稀便",
      "B": "灰白色便",
      "C": "鲜血便",
      "D": "细条状便",
      "E": "褐色球状便"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "灰白色便常见于梗阻性黄疸；下消化道出血常见鲜血便；细条状便可见于直肠狭窄；水样便或粥样稀便多见于腹泻；褐色球状便多见于便秘。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 75,
    "query": "上述各项中符合传染科道德要求的是",
    "options": {
      "A": "尊重病人的人格",
      "B": "精诚团结，密切协作",
      "C": "分秒必争，全力以赴",
      "D": "具有无私奉献精神",
      "E": "保守隐私和秘密"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "急诊科道德要求做好充分的急救准备;要争分夺秒，积极抢救病人要勇于承担风险，团结协作。传染科道德要求重视消毒和隔离;强化社会预防保健意识;要有不怕苦、不怕果、勇于献身的高尚道德情操;严格疫情报告制度;科学防治，不断探索。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 76,
    "query": "直肠狭窄，常出现",
    "options": {
      "A": "水样或粥样稀便",
      "B": "灰白色便",
      "C": "鲜血便",
      "D": "细条状便",
      "E": "褐色球状便"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "灰白色便常见于梗阻性黄疸；下消化道出血常见鲜血便；细条状便可见于直肠狭窄；水样便或粥样稀便多见于腹泻；褐色球状便多见于便秘。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 77,
    "query": "评价医务人员医疗行为善恶的标准的出发点和根本标准是",
    "options": {
      "A": "经济标准",
      "B": "疗效标准",
      "C": "社会标准",
      "D": "行为标准",
      "E": "科学标准"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "医德评价的标准有利于疾病的缓解、痊愈和生命的安全;有利于医学科学的发展和揭示人类生命的奥妙;有利于人类生存环境的保护和改善。疗效标准是详价医务人员医疗行为善恶标准的出发点和根本标准。社会标准是评价医疗行为是否有利于人类生存和改善，是否有利于人类健康。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 78,
    "query": "遗尿肾气不足者，首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、百会、神门",
      "B": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、肺俞、脾俞",
      "C": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、脾俞、胃俞",
      "D": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、肾俞、命门",
      "E": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、足三里、胃俞"
    },
    "answer": "D",
    "reason": "遗尿之肾气不足证，应在主穴关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交的基础上加肾俞、命门以培补肾气。遗尿脾肺气虚证，应在主穴关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交的基础上加肺俞、脾俞以补益脾肺。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 79,
    "query": "评价医疗行为是否有利于人类生存和改善，是否有利于人类健康符合",
    "options": {
      "A": "经济标准",
      "B": "疗效标准",
      "C": "社会标准",
      "D": "行为标准",
      "E": "科学标准"
    },
    "answer": "C",
    "reason": "医德评价的标准有利于疾病的缓解、痊愈和生命的安全;有利于医学科学的发展和揭示人类生命的奥妙;有利于人类生存环境的保护和改善。疗效标准是详价医务人员医疗行为善恶标准的出发点和根本标准。社会标准是评价医疗行为是否有利于人类生存和改善，是否有利于人类健康。"
  },
  {
    "question_num": 80,
    "query": "遗尿脾肺气虚者，首选",
    "options": {
      "A": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、百会、神门",
      "B": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、肺俞、脾俞",
      "C": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、脾俞、胃俞",
      "D": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、肾俞、命门",
      "E": "关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交、足三里、胃俞"
    },
    "answer": "B",
    "reason": "遗尿之肾气不足证，应在主穴关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交的基础上加肾俞、命门以培补肾气。遗尿脾肺气虚证，应在主穴关元、中极、膀胱俞、三阴交的基础上加肺俞、脾俞以补益脾肺。"
  }
]