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README.md
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: data/train-*
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---
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: data/train-*
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language:
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- en
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license: cc-by-4.0
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size_categories:
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- 1M<n<10M
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task_categories:
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- object-detection
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pretty_name: Breakpoint Grounding 5M
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tags:
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- object-detection
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- bounding-boxes
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- grounding
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- image-captioning
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---
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# Breakpoint Grounding 5M
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## Quick start
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("BreakpointAI/breakpoint-grounding-5m", split="train")
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ds[0] # {'source_dataset': ..., 'relative_path': ..., 'image_caption': ..., 'object_captions': [...], 'normalized_boxes': [...], 'img_size_wh': [...]}
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```
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## Dataset summary
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An annotations-only companion to
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[Breakpoint Grounding 55M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BreakpointAI/breakpoint-grounding-55m):
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image-level captions, object bounding boxes, and a caption for every box, for **5,788,300 images**
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drawn from 16 public object-detection/tracking benchmarks.
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**No image bytes are included in this release.** Several of the source benchmarks (notably
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ImageNet and Objects365) restrict redistribution of their images. To stay clear of that, this
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dataset publishes only the annotations Breakpoint authored, plus a `source_dataset` +
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`relative_path` pointer back to each image — usable by anyone who already has their own licensed
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copy of the relevant source dataset, laid out in its standard directory structure.
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- **5,788,300 images**, each with one image-level caption
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- **51,196,466 bounding boxes** (8.84 per image on average), each with its own caption
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## Source datasets
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| Source | Share | Description |
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|--------|------:|-------------|
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| Open Images (train/test/val) | 34.7% | Google's large-scale detection/annotation dataset |
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| Objects365 (train/test/unlabeled) | 34.8% | Megvii/BAAI large-vocabulary object detection dataset |
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| LaSOT | 13.3% | Large-scale single-object tracking benchmark |
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| ImageNet | 10.3% | Large-scale image classification dataset (ILSVRC) |
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| COCO (train) | 2.0% | Common Objects in Context detection/captioning benchmark |
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| Open Images (test) | 1.9% | (see above) |
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| RoboFlow 100 | 1.7% | Benchmark aggregating 100 diverse object-detection datasets |
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| LVIS (train) | 1.7% | Large-vocabulary instance segmentation, built on COCO images |
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| ObjectNet3D | 1.6% | Object recognition/pose dataset |
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| BDD100K | 1.4% | Berkeley DeepDrive large-scale driving-scene dataset |
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| CrowdHuman | 0.3% | Pedestrian / crowd detection benchmark |
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| UWISOccludedDataset | 0.15% | Occlusion-focused detection dataset |
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| LOCO | 0.1% | Logistics-scene object detection dataset |
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<!-- TODO: verify descriptions/full names above, especially UWISOccludedDataset and LOCO, whose
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provenance we're least certain about. Percentages from an earlier per-source row count. -->
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## How it was built
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- **Object detection**: bounding boxes and class labels were produced by an open-vocabulary
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detector (Grounding DINO) as an upstream step, on top of the source datasets' images.
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- **Per-object captions**: [InternVL3-2B](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternVL3-2B), served
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via LMDeploy. Each detected box was cropped (no padding) and captioned with:
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> `<image>` Describe this `<category name>` in 20 words or less and focus on its color,
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> appearance, size, and style, etc.
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where `<category name>` is the detector's class label for that box.
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- **Image-level captions**: [InternVL3-8B](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternVL3-8B),
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prompted with:
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> `<image>` Write a single, natural-language description of this image. Do not use bullet
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> points or lists. Keep it under 100 words.
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Annotations are **not human-labeled** and contain the usual model-generated errors: missed
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objects, spurious boxes, imprecise coordinates, caption hallucinations.
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## Dataset structure
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| Field | Type | Description |
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|-------|------|-------------|
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| `source_dataset` | `string` | Which of the 16 source benchmarks this image came from. |
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| `relative_path` | `string` | Path to the image within that source dataset's standard layout. |
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| `image_caption` | `string` | A single natural-language caption describing the whole image. |
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| `object_captions` | `Sequence(string)` | One caption per detected object. Index-aligned with `normalized_boxes`. |
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| `normalized_boxes` | `Sequence(Sequence(float32))` | One bounding box per detected object: `[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]` (xyxy), normalized to `[0, 1]`. |
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| `img_size_wh` | `Sequence(int32)` | Original image size as `[width, height]` in pixels. |
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## Licensing
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**The annotations in this dataset** (`image_caption`, `object_captions`, `normalized_boxes`,
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`img_size_wh`) are released by Breakpoint AI under **CC BY 4.0**.
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**Images are not included.** To use this dataset with actual pixels, obtain each source dataset
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separately under its own license/terms and join on `source_dataset` + `relative_path`. Several
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sources (ImageNet, Objects365 in particular) restrict commercial use and/or redistribution —
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check the terms of whichever source(s) you need before using their images.
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**Removal requests.** If you believe your content is represented in these annotations and want
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the corresponding row removed, open a discussion on this repository.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{breakpoint_grounding_5m,
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title = {Breakpoint Grounding 5M},
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author = {Wang, Franklin and Zhong, Desmond and Murdoch, Jamie},
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year = {2026},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/BreakpointAI/breakpoint-grounding-5m}
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}
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```
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