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| 1 |
+
# HOT Dataset: HVAC Operations Transfer
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## Overview
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+
The **HOT (HVAC Operations Transfer)** dataset is the first large-scale open-source dataset purpose-built for transfer learning research in building control systems. Buildings account for approximately 10-15% of global energy consumption through HVAC systems, making intelligent control optimization critical for energy efficiency and climate change mitigation.
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### Key Statistics
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- **159,744** unique building-weather combinations
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- **15,808** building models with controllable zone-level setpoints
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- **19** ASHRAE climate zones across **76** global locations
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- **16** commercial building types (office, retail, school, hospital, etc.)
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- **12** systematic occupancy patterns
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- **3** thermal performance scenarios
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- **15-minute** timestep resolution for control applications
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## Dataset Description
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HOT addresses the critical infrastructure gap in building control transfer learning by providing systematic variations across four key context dimensions:
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### 🏢 **Building Geometry** (16 Types)
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- **Office**: Small (511 m²), Medium (4,983 m²), Large (46,323 m²)
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- **Retail**: Standalone (2,294 m²), Strip Mall (2,294 m²)
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- **Educational**: Primary School (6,874 m²), Secondary School (19,592 m²)
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- **Healthcare**: Hospital (22,443 m²), Outpatient (3,805 m²)
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- **Hospitality**: Small Hotel (3,726 m²), Large Hotel (11,349 m²)
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- **Residential**: Midrise Apartment (2,825 m²), Highrise Apartment (7,063 m²)
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- **Food Service**: Sit-down Restaurant (511 m²), Fast Food (232 m²)
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- **Industrial**: Warehouse (4,835 m²)
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### 🌡️ **Thermal Performance** (3 Scenarios)
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- **Default**: Baseline thermal properties (R_mult = 1.0)
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- **High Performance**: Enhanced insulation (R_mult = 2.0, U_mult = 0.5)
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- **Low Performance**: Minimal insulation (R_mult = 0.5, U_mult = 2.0)
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### 🌍 **Climate Conditions** (76 Locations)
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- **Complete ASHRAE coverage**: All 19 climate zones (0A through 8)
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- **Global diversity**: From tropical (Ho Chi Minh) to subarctic (Fairbanks)
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- **Weather data types**: TMY (Typical Meteorological Year) + Real historical (2014-2024)
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- **Temperature range**: -44.4°C to 47.0°C
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- **HDD range**: 0 to 7,673 heating degree days
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- **CDD range**: 6 to 4,301 cooling degree days
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### 👥 **Occupancy Patterns** (12 Schedules)
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- **Standard**: Traditional office hours (8 AM - 5 PM weekdays)
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- **Low/High Occupancy**: 50%/150% intensity variations
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- **Shift Operations**: Early (6 AM-3 PM), Late (2 PM-11 PM)
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- **Sector-Specific**: Retail (10 AM-9 PM), School (7 AM-4 PM + evening)
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- **Healthcare**: Hospital 24/7 with shift patterns
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- **Modern Work**: Flexible hybrid with staggered hours
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- **Specialized**: Gym (morning/evening peaks), Warehouse logistics
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- **Continuous**: 24/7 operations
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## Dataset Structure
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```
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data/
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├── buildings/ # Building model files (.epJSON)
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│ ├── base/ # Original DOE reference buildings
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│ ├── variations/
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│ │ ├── occupancy/ # Occupancy schedule variations
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│ │ ├── thermal/ # Thermal performance variations
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│ │ └── combined/ # Multi-variable combinations
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├── weather/ # Weather data files (.epw)
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│ ├── tmy/ # Typical Meteorological Year files
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│ └── real/ # Historical weather (2014-2024)
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├── tables/ # Metadata and combination tables
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│ ├── buildings.csv # Building characteristics
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│ ├── weather.csv # Weather file metadata
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│ └── combinations.csv # Building-weather pairings
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└── tools/ # Processing and analysis scripts
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├── preprocessing/
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├── variations/
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└── analysis/
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```
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## Key Features
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### 🎮 **Reinforcement Learning Ready**
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- **Controllable setpoints**: Zone-level heating/cooling temperature control
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- **Gymnasium interface**: Standard RL environment wrapper
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- **Comprehensive state space**: Zone temperatures, outdoor conditions, energy consumption
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- **Multi-objective rewards**: Energy efficiency + thermal comfort + control stability
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- **EnergyPlus integration**: Physics-based building simulation
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### 🔬 **Transfer Learning Framework**
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- **Similarity metrics**: Quantitative compatibility assessment across 4 dimensions
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- **Zero-shot evaluation**: Direct policy transfer without retraining
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- **Systematic variations**: Single and multi-variable transfer scenarios
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- **Benchmark protocols**: Standardized evaluation methodology
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### 🌐 **Global Climate Coverage**
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- **All inhabited regions**: Complete ASHRAE climate zone representation
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- **Real vs. synthetic**: TMY baseline + historical weather variability
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- **Extreme conditions**: From subarctic (-44°C) to desert (+47°C)
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- **Transfer analysis**: Climate adaptation and geographic deployment
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### 📊 **Research Infrastructure**
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- **Standardized formats**: Consistent EnergyPlus epJSON structure
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- **Processing pipeline**: Automated building modification tools
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- **Validation tools**: Building model verification and testing
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- **Similarity analysis**: Transfer feasibility assessment toolkit
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## Research Applications
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### 🤖 **Reinforcement Learning**
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- **Multi-agent control**: Coordinate multiple HVAC zones
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- **Meta-learning**: Fast adaptation to new buildings (MAML, Reptile)
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- **Foundation models**: Pre-train on diverse building types
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- **Safe RL**: Constraint-aware control with comfort guarantees
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### 🔄 **Transfer Learning**
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- **Domain adaptation**: Geographic and climate transfer
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- **Few-shot learning**: Minimal data adaptation for new buildings
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- **Cross-building generalization**: Policy transfer across archetypes
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- **Similarity-guided selection**: Optimal source building identification
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### 📈 **Building Analytics**
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- **Energy benchmarking**: Performance comparison across climates
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- **Occupancy analysis**: Usage pattern impact on energy consumption
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- **Envelope optimization**: Thermal performance sensitivity analysis
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- **Climate resilience**: Building adaptation to changing conditions
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## Dataset Statistics
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| **Dimension** | **Count** | **Range** | **Examples** |
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|---------------|-----------|-----------|--------------|
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| Building Types | 16 | 232-46,323 m² | Office, Hospital, School |
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| Climate Zones | 19 | -44°C to +47°C | 0A (Tropical) to 8 (Subarctic) |
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| Occupancy Schedules | 12 | 53-168 hrs/week | Office, Retail, Hospital, 24/7 |
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| Thermal Scenarios | 3 | 0.5-2.0× resistance | High/Default/Low performance |
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| Weather Files | 192 | TMY + Real (2014-2024) | Geographic + temporal variation |
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## File Formats
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### Building Models (`.epJSON`)
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- **Format**: EnergyPlus JSON input files
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- **Features**: Zone-level controllable setpoints, comprehensive meters
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- **Compatibility**: EnergyPlus 24.1+
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- **Size**: ~50-500 KB per building
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### Weather Files (`.epw`)
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- **Format**: EnergyPlus Weather format
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- **Frequency**: Hourly meteorological data
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- **Variables**: Temperature, humidity, solar, wind
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- **Size**: ~1-2 MB per location-year
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### Metadata Tables (`.csv`)
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- **Buildings**: Physical characteristics, variations, file paths
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- **Weather**: Climate statistics, location data, file paths
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- **Combinations**: Valid building-weather pairings (159,744 total)
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## Benchmarks and Baselines
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### Control Algorithms
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- **Static Baseline**: Seasonal ASHRAE setpoint schedules
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- **PPO**: Proximal Policy Optimization with building-specific tuning
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### Transfer Learning Methods
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- **Zero-shot**: Direct policy application without retraining
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- **Fine-tuning**: Limited adaptation with target building data
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- **Meta-learning**: MAML and Reptile for fast adaptation
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### Evaluation Metrics
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- **Transfer Performance Ratio**: Transferred vs. target-trained performance
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- **Energy Efficiency**: HVAC consumption reduction vs. baseline
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- **Comfort Violations**: Hours outside desired temperature range
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- **Training Acceleration**: Reduced learning time through transfer
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## Citation
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If you use the HOT dataset in your research, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{berkes2025hot,
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title={A HOT Dataset: 150,000 Buildings for HVAC Operations Transfer Research},
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author={anonymous},
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booktitle={x},
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year={2025},
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publisher={x}
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}
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```
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## License
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This dataset is released under the MIT License. See `LICENSE` file for details.
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## Contributing
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We welcome contributions to expand and improve the HOT dataset:
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- **New building types**: Additional commercial/residential archetypes
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- **Climate expansion**: More geographic locations and weather data
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- **Enhanced metadata**: Additional building characteristics
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- **Analysis tools**: Transfer learning evaluation scripts
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- **Bug reports**: Issues with building models or processing
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## Support and Contact
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- **Issues**: [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/your-org/building-generator/issues)
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- **Discussions**: [Hugging Face Discussions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BuildingBench/HOT/discussions)
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- **Email**: anonymous for now
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---
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**HOT Dataset** - Advancing building energy research through comprehensive, standardized, and globally-representative data for intelligent HVAC control systems.
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