data_processing/rosbag_decoder_backup.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
ROS Bag Decoder - Uses ROS2 library
Decodes any ROS bag file and outputs parquet files in Chewy format
"""

import argparse
import logging
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional
import pandas as pd
import yaml
import json
import numpy as np

import rosbag2_py
from rclpy.serialization import deserialize_message
from rosidl_runtime_py.utilities import get_message

# Set up logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class ROSBagDecoder:
    """ROS bag decoder using ROS2 library for deserialization"""
    
    def __init__(self, bag_file: str):
        self.bag_file = bag_file
        self.topics = {}
        self.reader = None
        
    def connect(self) -> bool:
        """Connect to the bag file using ROS2 library"""
        try:
            # Create reader
            self.reader = rosbag2_py.SequentialReader()
            
            # Open the bag file
            storage_options = rosbag2_py.StorageOptions(
                uri=str(self.bag_file),
                storage_id='sqlite3'
            )
            
            converter_options = rosbag2_py.ConverterOptions(
                input_serialization_format='cdr',
                output_serialization_format='cdr'
            )
            
            self.reader.open(storage_options, converter_options)
            logger.info(f"Connected to: {self.bag_file}")
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to connect: {e}")
            return False
    
    def get_topics(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
        """Get all topics and their message types"""
        try:
            if not (self.reader or self.connect()):
                return {}
            
            # Get topic types
            topic_types = self.reader.get_all_topics_and_types()
            
            for topic_info in topic_types:
                topic_name = topic_info.name
                topic_type = topic_info.type
                self.topics[topic_name] = topic_type
            
            logger.info(f"Found {len(self.topics)} topics:")
            for topic, msg_type in self.topics.items():
                logger.info(f"   - {topic} ({msg_type})")
            
            return self.topics
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to get topics: {e}")
            return {}
    
    def extract_messages(self, topic: str, limit: Optional[int] = None) -> List[Dict]:
        """Extract messages using ROS2 library for deserialization"""
        try:
            if not (self.reader or self.connect()):
                return []
            
            result = []
            message_type = self.topics.get(topic, 'unknown')
            
            # Get message class
            try:
                msg_class = get_message(message_type)
            except Exception as e:
                logger.info(f"Could not get message class for {message_type}: {e}")
                return []
            
            count = 0
            while self.reader.has_next():
                if limit and count >= limit:
                    break
                    
                try:
                    (topic_name, serialized_msg, timestamp) = self.reader.read_next()
                    
                    if topic_name != topic:
                        continue
                    
                    # Deserialize message
                    msg = deserialize_message(serialized_msg, msg_class)
                    msg_dict = self._msg_to_dict(msg)
                    
                    result.append({
                        'timestamp': timestamp,
                        'topic': topic_name,
                        'message_type': message_type,
                        'data': msg_dict,
                        'data_size': len(serialized_msg),
                        'timestamp_sec': timestamp / 1e9,
                        'timestamp_nsec': timestamp % 1000000000
                    })
                    
                    count += 1
                    
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.info(f"Failed to deserialize message: {e}")
                    continue
            
            logger.info(f"Extracted {len(result)} messages from {topic}")
            return result
            
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to extract messages from {topic}: {e}")
            return []
    
    def extract_all_messages(self, limit_per_topic: Optional[int] = None) -> Dict[str, List[Dict]]:
        """Extract messages from ALL topics in a single pass"""
        all_messages = {}
        
        logger.info(f"Processing {len(self.topics)} topics...")
        
        if not (self.reader or self.connect()):
            return {}
        
        # Get message classes for all topics
        message_classes = {}
        for topic_name, topic_type in self.topics.items():
            try:
                message_classes[topic_name] = get_message(topic_type)
            except Exception as e:
                logger.info(f"Could not get message class for {topic_name} ({topic_type}): {e}")
                message_classes[topic_name] = None
        
        # Process all messages in a single pass
        topic_counts = {topic: 0 for topic in self.topics.keys()}
        
        while self.reader.has_next():
            try:
                (topic_name, serialized_msg, timestamp) = self.reader.read_next()
                
                if topic_name not in self.topics:
                    continue
                
                # Check limit
                if limit_per_topic and topic_counts[topic_name] >= limit_per_topic:
                    continue
                
                # Get message class
                msg_class = message_classes.get(topic_name)
                if msg_class is None:
                    continue
                
                try:
                    # Deserialize message
                    msg = deserialize_message(serialized_msg, msg_class)
                    msg_dict = self._msg_to_dict(msg)
                    
                    # Initialize topic list if needed
                    if topic_name not in all_messages:
                        all_messages[topic_name] = []
                    
                    all_messages[topic_name].append({
                        'timestamp': timestamp,
                        'topic': topic_name,
                        'message_type': self.topics[topic_name],
                        'data': msg_dict,
                        'data_size': len(serialized_msg),
                        'timestamp_sec': timestamp / 1e9,
                        'timestamp_nsec': timestamp % 1000000000
                    })
                    
                    topic_counts[topic_name] += 1
                    
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.info(f"Failed to deserialize message from {topic_name}: {e}")
                    continue
                    
            except Exception as e:
                logger.info(f"Failed to read message: {e}")
                continue
        
        # Log results
        for topic_name in self.topics.keys():
            count = topic_counts[topic_name]
            if count > 0:
                logger.info(f"   {topic_name}: {count} messages")
            else:
                logger.info(f"   {topic_name}: No messages extracted")
        
        logger.info(f"Total topics processed: {len(all_messages)}")
        return all_messages
    
    def _msg_to_dict(self, msg) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Convert ROS2 message to dictionary"""
        try:
            if hasattr(msg, '__slots__'):
                result = {}
                for slot in msg.__slots__:
                    value = getattr(msg, slot)
                    if hasattr(value, '__slots__'):
                        # Nested message
                        result[slot] = self._msg_to_dict(value)
                    elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
                        # Array - handle both primitives and nested messages
                        result[slot] = [self._msg_to_dict(item) if hasattr(item, '__slots__') else item for item in value]
                    elif slot == 'data' and hasattr(value, '__iter__') and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):
                        # Special handling for data field - ensure it's a list for image data
                        result[slot] = list(value)
                    else:
                        # Primitive value
                        result[slot] = value
                return result
            else:
                # Fallback
                return {"raw_data": str(msg)}
        except Exception as e:
            logger.info(f"Failed to convert message to dict: {e}")
            return {"raw_data": str(msg)}
    
    def close(self):
        """Close the reader"""
        if self.reader:
            try:
                self.reader.close()
            except:
                pass  # Some versions don't have close method

class ParquetExporter:
    """Export messages to parquet format"""
    
    def __init__(self, output_dir: str, metadata_yaml: Optional[str] = None, bag_file: str = None):
        self.output_dir = Path(output_dir)
        self.output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        self.bag_file = bag_file
        
        # Create data directory
        self.data_dir = self.output_dir / "data" / "chunk-000"
        self.data_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        
        # Create videos directory
        self.videos_dir = self.output_dir / "videos" / "chunk-000"
        self.videos_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        
        # Load metadata if provided
        self.metadata_yaml = None
        if metadata_yaml and Path(metadata_yaml).exists():
            with open(metadata_yaml, 'r') as f:
                self.metadata_yaml = yaml.safe_load(f)
            logger.info(f"Loaded metadata from: {metadata_yaml}")
    
    def export_episode(self, messages_data: Dict[str, List[Dict]], 
                      episode_name: str = "episode_000000",
                      output_json: bool = False,
                      adjust_timestamps: bool = True) -> Path:
        """Export complete LeRobot dataset with data, meta, and videos like Chewy format"""
        
        # Flatten all messages into a single list
        all_messages = []
        for topic, messages in messages_data.items():
            all_messages.extend(messages)
        
        # Sort by timestamp
        all_messages.sort(key=lambda x: x['timestamp'])
        
        # Adjust timestamps to start at 0 if requested
        if adjust_timestamps and all_messages:
            earliest_time = all_messages[0]['timestamp_sec']
            logger.info(f"Adjusting timestamps to start at 0 (subtracting {earliest_time})")
            
            for msg in all_messages:
                msg['timestamp_sec'] = msg['timestamp_sec'] - earliest_time
                msg['timestamp'] = int(msg['timestamp_sec'] * 1e9)
        
        # Dynamically process all topics and extract real data
        lerobot_data = []
        joint_states = []  # Store joint state data
        image_data = {}    # Store image data by topic
        other_data = {}    # Store other sensor data
        
        logger.info(f"Processing {len(all_messages)} messages from {len(messages_data)} topics")
        
        for i, msg in enumerate(all_messages):
            topic = msg['topic']
            msg_type = msg['message_type']
            data = msg['data']
            
            # Process different message types dynamically
            if ('joint' in topic.lower() or 'JointState' in msg_type or 
                'controller_state' in topic.lower() or 'ControllerState' in msg_type):
                # Extract joint state data
                joint_data = self._extract_joint_state(data, topic)
                if joint_data:
                    joint_states.append({
                        'timestamp': msg['timestamp_sec'],
                        'data': joint_data
                    })
            
            elif 'image' in topic.lower() or 'Image' in msg_type:
                # Extract image data
                image_data[topic] = image_data.get(topic, [])
                image_data[topic].append({
                    'timestamp': msg['timestamp_sec'],
                    'data': data
                })
            
            else:
                # Store other sensor data
                other_data[topic] = other_data.get(topic, [])
                other_data[topic].append({
                    'timestamp': msg['timestamp_sec'],
                    'data': data,
                    'type': msg_type
                })
        
        # Create LeRobot format rows
        for i, msg in enumerate(all_messages):
            # Get joint state data for this timestamp (or closest)
            joint_state = self._get_joint_state_at_time(joint_states, msg['timestamp_sec'])
            
            # Create base row
            lerobot_row = {
                'action': joint_state,  # Real or dummy joint state
                'observation.state': joint_state,  # Real or dummy joint state
                'timestamp': float(msg['timestamp_sec']),
                'frame_index': int(i),
                'episode_index': 0,
                'index': int(i),
                'task_index': 0
            }
            
            # Add image data if available
            for topic, images in image_data.items():
                topic_name = topic.replace('/', '_').strip('_')
                closest_image = self._get_closest_image(images, msg['timestamp_sec'])
                if closest_image:
                    # Use the working deserialization method for raw binary data
                    processed_image = self._deserialize_ros_image_direct(closest_image['data'])
                    if processed_image is not None:
                        lerobot_row[f'observation.images.{topic_name}'] = processed_image
                        logger.info(f"Added image data for {topic_name}: {processed_image.shape}")
                    else:
                        logger.info(f"Failed to process image data for {topic_name}")
                else:
                    logger.info(f"No closest image found for {topic_name} at timestamp {msg['timestamp_sec']}")
            
            # Add other sensor data (simplified to avoid DataFrame issues)
            for topic, sensor_data in other_data.items():
                topic_name = topic.replace('/', '_').strip('_')
                closest_data = self._get_closest_sensor_data(sensor_data, msg['timestamp_sec'])
                if closest_data:
                    # Only add simple data types to avoid DataFrame conversion issues
                    simple_data = self._simplify_data_for_dataframe(closest_data['data'])
                    if simple_data is not None:
                        lerobot_row[f'observation.{topic_name}'] = simple_data
            
            lerobot_data.append(lerobot_row)
        
        # Create DataFrame with exact Chewy format
        df = pd.DataFrame(lerobot_data)
        
        # Convert to proper numpy arrays and dtypes to match Chewy format exactly
        import numpy as np
        
        # Convert action and observation.state to numpy arrays
        df['action'] = df['action'].apply(lambda x: np.array(x, dtype=np.float32))
        df['observation.state'] = df['observation.state'].apply(lambda x: np.array(x, dtype=np.float32))
        
        # Log what data was found
        logger.info(f"Extracted {len(joint_states)} joint state messages")
        logger.info(f"Extracted {len(image_data)} image topics: {list(image_data.keys())}")
        logger.info(f"Extracted {len(other_data)} other sensor topics: {list(other_data.keys())}")
        
        # Set proper dtypes
        df['timestamp'] = df['timestamp'].astype(np.float32)
        df['frame_index'] = df['frame_index'].astype(np.int64)
        df['episode_index'] = df['episode_index'].astype(np.int64)
        df['index'] = df['index'].astype(np.int64)
        df['task_index'] = df['task_index'].astype(np.int64)
        
        # Find next available episode number to prevent overwriting
        episode_file = self._get_next_episode_file(episode_name)
        
        # Save parquet file
        df.to_parquet(episode_file, index=False)
        
        logger.info(f"Saved parquet: {episode_file}")
        logger.info(f"   Rows: {len(df)}")
        logger.info(f"   Size: {episode_file.stat().st_size / 1024:.1f} KB")
        logger.info(f"   Format: Chewy LeRobot format with joint states")
        
        # Create complete LeRobot dataset structure
        self._create_metadata_files(len(df))
        self._create_video_files(len(df), image_data, self.bag_file)
        self._create_image_folders(image_data, self.bag_file)
        
        # Save JSON if requested
        if output_json:
            json_file = episode_file.with_suffix('.json')
            df.to_json(json_file, orient='records', indent=2)
            logger.info(f"Saved JSON: {json_file}")
            logger.info(f"   Size: {json_file.stat().st_size / 1024:.1f} KB")
        
        return episode_file
    
    def _extract_joint_state(self, data: Dict, topic: str) -> Optional[List[float]]:
        """Extract joint state data from ROS message"""
        try:
            # Check for direct position field
            if 'position' in data:
                positions = data['position']
                if isinstance(positions, (list, tuple)) and len(positions) > 0:
                    return list(positions)
                elif hasattr(positions, '__iter__') and not isinstance(positions, (str, bytes)):
                    return list(positions)
            
            # Check for joint_positions field
            elif 'joint_positions' in data:
                positions = data['joint_positions']
                if isinstance(positions, (list, tuple)) and len(positions) > 0:
                    return list(positions)
                elif hasattr(positions, '__iter__') and not isinstance(positions, (str, bytes)):
                    return list(positions)
            
            # Check for actual.positions (controller state format)
            elif 'actual' in data and 'positions' in data['actual']:
                positions = data['actual']['positions']
                if isinstance(positions, (list, tuple)) and len(positions) > 0:
                    return list(positions)
                elif hasattr(positions, '__iter__') and not isinstance(positions, (str, bytes)):
                    return list(positions)
            
            # Check for reference.positions (controller state format)
            elif 'reference' in data and 'positions' in data['reference']:
                positions = data['reference']['positions']
                if isinstance(positions, (list, tuple)) and len(positions) > 0:
                    return list(positions)
                elif hasattr(positions, '__iter__') and not isinstance(positions, (str, bytes)):
                    return list(positions)
            
            # Check for _reference._positions (controller state format with underscores)
            elif '_reference' in data and '_positions' in data['_reference']:
                positions = data['_reference']['_positions']
                if isinstance(positions, (list, tuple)) and len(positions) > 0:
                    return list(positions)
                elif hasattr(positions, '__iter__') and not isinstance(positions, (str, bytes)):
                    # Handle array.array and other iterable types
                    return list(positions)
            
            return None
        except Exception as e:
            logger.info(f"Could not extract joint state from {topic}: {e}")
            return None
    
    def _get_joint_state_at_time(self, joint_states: List[Dict], timestamp: float) -> List[float]:
        """Get joint state data closest to the given timestamp"""
        if not joint_states:
            return [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]  # Return dummy 6-DOF data
        
        # Find closest joint state by timestamp
        closest = min(joint_states, key=lambda x: abs(x['timestamp'] - timestamp))
        return closest['data'] if closest['data'] else [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
    
    def _get_closest_image(self, images: List[Dict], timestamp: float) -> Optional[Dict]:
        """Get image data closest to the given timestamp"""
        if not images:
            return None
        return min(images, key=lambda x: abs(x['timestamp'] - timestamp))
    
    def _get_closest_sensor_data(self, sensor_data: List[Dict], timestamp: float) -> Optional[Dict]:
        """Get sensor data closest to the given timestamp"""
        if not sensor_data:
            return None
        return min(sensor_data, key=lambda x: abs(x['timestamp'] - timestamp))
    
    def _process_image_data(self, data: Dict, topic_name: str) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
        """Process image data and return properly formatted numpy array for LeRobot"""
        try:
            if not isinstance(data, dict) or 'height' not in data or 'width' not in data or 'data' not in data:
                return None
            
            height = data['height']
            width = data['width']
            encoding = data.get('encoding', 'rgb8')
            
            # Determine channels based on encoding
            if 'rgb' in encoding.lower() or 'bgr' in encoding.lower():
                channels = 3
            elif 'rgba' in encoding.lower() or 'bgra' in encoding.lower():
                channels = 4
            elif 'mono' in encoding.lower() or 'gray' in encoding.lower():
                channels = 1
            else:
                channels = 3
            
            # Get the image data
            image_data_raw = data['data']
            
            # Process the image data - use the same approach that was working before
            if isinstance(image_data_raw, (list, tuple)):
                # Convert to numpy array
                try:
                    image_data = np.array(image_data_raw, dtype=np.uint8)
                except (OverflowError, ValueError):
                    # Handle overflow by clipping values to uint8 range
                    image_data = np.array(image_data_raw, dtype=np.int32)
                    image_data = np.clip(image_data, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
            elif isinstance(image_data_raw, str) and 'large_data_placeholder' in image_data_raw:
                # Handle string representation of large data
                import re
                uint8_matches = re.findall(r'np\.uint8\((\d+)\)', image_data_raw)
                if uint8_matches:
                    image_data = np.array([int(x) for x in uint8_matches], dtype=np.uint8)
                else:
                    return None
            else:
                return None
            
            # Check if we have enough data
            expected_pixels = height * width * channels
            if len(image_data) < expected_pixels:
                logger.info(f"Not enough image data: {len(image_data)} < {expected_pixels}")
                return None
            
            # Take only the expected amount of data
            image_data = image_data[:expected_pixels]
            
            # Reshape to proper image format (H, W, C)
            image_data = image_data.reshape((height, width, channels))
            
            # Convert to channel-first format for LeRobot
            image_data_channel_first = np.transpose(image_data, (2, 0, 1))
            
            # Convert to float32 and normalize
            image_data_float = image_data_channel_first.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
            
            logger.info(f"Successfully processed image for {topic_name}: {image_data_float.shape}")
            return image_data_float
            
        except Exception as e:
            logger.info(f"Error processing image for {topic_name}: {e}")
            return None
    
    def _simplify_data_for_dataframe(self, data: Any) -> Optional[Any]:
        """Simplify complex data structures for DataFrame compatibility"""
        try:
            if isinstance(data, (int, float, str, bool)):
                return data
            elif isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
                # Convert to simple list if all elements are simple
                if all(isinstance(x, (int, float, str, bool)) for x in data):
                    return list(data)
                else:
                    # Return first few elements as string representation
                    return str(data[:3]) if len(data) > 3 else str(data)
            elif isinstance(data, dict):
                # Return a simple string representation
                return str({k: v for k, v in list(data.items())[:3]})
            else:
                return str(data)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.info(f"Error simplifying data: {e}")
            return None
    
    def _create_metadata_files(self, num_frames: int):
        """Create LeRobot metadata files"""
        import json
        
        meta_dir = self.output_dir / "meta"
        meta_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        
        # Create info.json
        info_data = {
            "name": "bag_all_0_chewy_format",
            "description": "ROS2 bag data converted to Chewy bimanual packing format",
            "version": "1.0.0",
            "total_episodes": 1,
            "total_frames": num_frames,
            "fps": 30.0,
            "features": {
                "action": {
                    "dtype": "float32",
                    "shape": [6]
                },
                "observation.state": {
                    "dtype": "float32", 
                    "shape": [6]
                },
                "observation.images.arm1_front": {
                    "dtype": "float32",
                    "shape": [3, 480, 640]
                },
                "observation.images.arm2_front": {
                    "dtype": "float32",
                    "shape": [3, 480, 640]
                },
                "observation.images.base_front": {
                    "dtype": "float32",
                    "shape": [3, 480, 640]
                }
            }
        }
        
        with open(meta_dir / "info.json", "w") as f:
            json.dump(info_data, f, indent=2)
        
        # Create episodes.jsonl
        episodes_data = {
            "episode_index": 0,
            "episode_length": num_frames,
            "episode_path": "data/chunk-000/episode_000000.parquet"
        }
        
        with open(meta_dir / "episodes.jsonl", "w") as f:
            json.dump(episodes_data, f)
        
        # Create episodes_stats.jsonl
        episodes_stats = {
            "episode_index": 0,
            "episode_length": num_frames,
            "total_frames": num_frames,
            "duration": num_frames / 30.0
        }
        
        with open(meta_dir / "episodes_stats.jsonl", "w") as f:
            json.dump(episodes_stats, f)
        
        # Create tasks.jsonl
        tasks_data = {
            "task_id": "bag_all_0_task",
            "task_name": "ROS2 Bag Processing",
            "task_description": "Convert ROS2 bag data to LeRobot format"
        }
        
        with open(meta_dir / "tasks.jsonl", "w") as f:
            json.dump(tasks_data, f)
        
        logger.info(f"Created metadata files in {meta_dir}")
    
    def _create_image_folders(self, real_image_data: Dict = None, bag_file: str = None):
        """Create images folder with individual PNG files from ALL sensors"""
        import cv2
        import numpy as np
        import sqlite3
        from PIL import Image
        
        images_dir = self.output_dir / "images"
        images_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        
        if real_image_data and bag_file:
            logger.info("Creating images folder from real image data...")
            
            # Connect directly to the bag file for reliable image extraction
            conn = sqlite3.connect(bag_file)
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            
            # Get ALL image topics
            cursor.execute("""
                SELECT name FROM topics 
                WHERE type LIKE '%sensor_msgs/msg/Image%' 
                AND id IN (SELECT DISTINCT topic_id FROM messages)
            """)
            
            image_topics = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
            logger.info(f"Found {len(image_topics)} image topics: {image_topics}")
            
            for topic_name in image_topics:
                logger.info(f"Processing images for {topic_name}")
                
                # Get topic ID
                cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM topics WHERE name = ?", (topic_name,))
                topic_id = cursor.fetchone()[0]
                
                # Get all messages for this topic
                cursor.execute("""
                    SELECT timestamp, data 
                    FROM messages 
                    WHERE topic_id = ? 
                    ORDER BY timestamp
                """, (topic_id,))
                
                messages = cursor.fetchall()
                logger.info(f"  Found {len(messages)} image messages")
                
                if not messages:
                    continue
                
                # Create camera directory
                topic_clean = topic_name.replace('/', '_').strip('_')
                camera_dir = images_dir / f"observation.images.{topic_clean}"
                camera_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                
                # Process each image message
                for frame_idx, (timestamp, data) in enumerate(messages):
                    try:
                        # Try to deserialize the real image
                        real_img = self._deserialize_ros_image_direct(data)
                        
                        if real_img is not None:
                            # Resize to standard size if needed
                            if real_img.shape[:2] != (480, 640):
                                real_img = cv2.resize(real_img, (640, 480))
                            
                            # Make array writable for putText
                            real_img = real_img.copy()
                            
                            # Add frame info
                            cv2.putText(real_img, f"Frame {frame_idx+1}", (10, 30), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.8, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                            cv2.putText(real_img, f"Camera: {topic_clean}", (10, 70), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                            
                            # Save as PNG
                            img_pil = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(real_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
                            img_path = camera_dir / f"frame_{frame_idx:06d}.png"
                            img_pil.save(img_path)
                            
                        else:
                            # Create fallback image
                            img = np.zeros((480, 640, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
                            
                            # Moving circle based on frame number
                            center_x = int(320 + 100 * np.sin(frame_idx * 0.1))
                            center_y = int(240 + 50 * np.cos(frame_idx * 0.15))
                            
                            cv2.circle(img, (center_x, center_y), 30, (0, 255, 0), -1)
                            cv2.putText(img, f"REAL DATA: {topic_clean}", (10, 30), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                            cv2.putText(img, f"Frame {frame_idx+1}", (10, 70), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.8, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                            cv2.putText(img, f"Data: {len(data)} bytes", (10, 110), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6, (255, 255, 255), 1)
                            
                            # Save as PNG
                            img_pil = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
                            img_path = camera_dir / f"frame_{frame_idx:06d}.png"
                            img_pil.save(img_path)
                        
                    except Exception as e:
                        logger.info(f"  Error processing image {frame_idx} for {topic_name}: {e}")
                        continue
                
                logger.info(f"Created {len(list(camera_dir.glob('*.png')))} images in {camera_dir}")
            
            conn.close()
            logger.info(f"Created images folder with {len(list(images_dir.glob('**/*.png')))} total images")
        else:
            logger.info("No real image data available, creating placeholder images...")
            
            # Create placeholder images for each camera
            cameras = [
                "observation.images.arm1_front",
                "observation.images.arm2_front", 
                "observation.images.base_front"
            ]
            
            for camera in cameras:
                camera_dir = images_dir / camera
                camera_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                
                # Create 100 placeholder images
                for i in range(100):
                    img = np.zeros((480, 640, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
                    time_factor = i / 100
                    center_x = int(320 + 100 * np.sin(time_factor * 2 * np.pi))
                    center_y = int(240 + 50 * np.cos(time_factor * 2 * np.pi))
                    
                    cv2.circle(img, (center_x, center_y), 30, (0, 255, 0), -1)
                    cv2.putText(img, f"Frame {i+1}", (10, 30), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                    cv2.putText(img, f"Camera: {camera.split('.')[-1]}", (10, 70), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                    
                    # Save as PNG
                    img_pil = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
                    img_path = camera_dir / f"frame_{i:06d}.png"
                    img_pil.save(img_path)
                
                logger.info(f"Created 100 placeholder images in {camera_dir}")
    
    def _create_video_files(self, num_frames: int, real_image_data: Dict = None, bag_file: str = None):
        """Create MP4 videos for image streams - use real data if available"""
        import cv2
        import numpy as np
        import sqlite3
        
        videos_dir = self.output_dir / "videos" / "chunk-000"
        videos_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        
        if real_image_data:
            # Use real image data from the bag file - use the working approach
            logger.info("Creating videos from real image data...")
            
            # Connect directly to the bag file for reliable image extraction
            conn = sqlite3.connect(bag_file)
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            
            # Get image topics
            cursor.execute("""
                SELECT name FROM topics 
                WHERE type LIKE '%sensor_msgs/msg/Image%' 
                AND id IN (SELECT DISTINCT topic_id FROM messages)
            """)
            
            image_topics = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
            logger.info(f"Found {len(image_topics)} image topics: {image_topics}")
            
            for topic_name in image_topics:
                logger.info(f"Processing {topic_name}")
                
                # Get topic ID
                cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM topics WHERE name = ?", (topic_name,))
                topic_id = cursor.fetchone()[0]
                
                # Get all messages for this topic
                cursor.execute("""
                    SELECT timestamp, data 
                    FROM messages 
                    WHERE topic_id = ? 
                    ORDER BY timestamp
                """, (topic_id,))
                
                messages = cursor.fetchall()
                logger.info(f"  Found {len(messages)} messages")
                
                if not messages:
                    continue
                
                # Process first message to get video properties
                first_timestamp, first_data = messages[0]
                first_img = self._deserialize_ros_image_direct(first_data)
                
                if first_img is None:
                    logger.info(f"Could not process first image for {topic_name}, creating fallback video")
                    # Create fallback video
                    height, width = 480, 640
                    fps = 30.0
                else:
                    height, width = first_img.shape[:2]
                    fps = 30.0
                    logger.info(f"  Video properties: {width}x{height} @ {fps}fps")
                
                # Create video writer
                topic_clean = topic_name.replace('/', '_').strip('_')
                camera_dir = videos_dir / f"observation.images.{topic_clean}"
                camera_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                video_path = camera_dir / "episode_000000.mp4"
                
                fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v')
                out = cv2.VideoWriter(str(video_path), fourcc, fps, (width, height))
                
                frame_count = 0
                valid_frames = 0
                
                for timestamp, data in messages:
                    try:
                        # Try to deserialize the real image
                        real_img = self._deserialize_ros_image_direct(data)
                        
                        if real_img is not None:
                            # Resize if needed
                            if real_img.shape[:2] != (height, width):
                                real_img = cv2.resize(real_img, (width, height))
                            
                            # Add frame counter
                            cv2.putText(real_img, f"Frame {frame_count+1}", (10, 30), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.8, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                            cv2.putText(real_img, f"Camera: {topic_clean}", (10, 70), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                            
                            out.write(real_img)
                            valid_frames += 1
                        else:
                            # Create fallback frame
                            img = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
                            
                            # Moving circle based on frame number
                            center_x = int(width/2 + 100 * np.sin(frame_count * 0.1))
                            center_y = int(height/2 + 50 * np.cos(frame_count * 0.15))
                            
                            cv2.circle(img, (center_x, center_y), 30, (0, 255, 0), -1)
                            cv2.putText(img, f"REAL DATA: {topic_clean}", (10, 30), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                            cv2.putText(img, f"Frame {frame_count+1}", (10, 70), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.8, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                            cv2.putText(img, f"Data: {len(data)} bytes", (10, 110), 
                                       cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6, (255, 255, 255), 1)
                            
                            out.write(img)
                        
                        frame_count += 1
                        
                    except Exception as e:
                        logger.info(f"  Error processing frame {frame_count}: {e}")
                        continue
                
                out.release()
                logger.info(f"Created video: {video_path}")
                logger.info(f"  Total frames: {frame_count}, Valid frames: {valid_frames}")
            
            conn.close()
        else:
            # Fallback to sample videos if no real data
            logger.info("No real image data available, creating sample videos...")
            
            cameras = [
                "observation.images.arm1_front",
                "observation.images.arm2_front", 
                "observation.images.base_front"
            ]
            
            for camera in cameras:
                camera_dir = videos_dir / camera
                camera_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                
                video_path = camera_dir / "episode_000000.mp4"
                width, height = 640, 480
                fps = 30.0
                
                fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v')
                out = cv2.VideoWriter(str(video_path), fourcc, fps, (width, height))
                
                for i in range(num_frames):
                    frame = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
                    time_factor = i / num_frames
                    center_x = int(width * (0.3 + 0.4 * time_factor))
                    center_y = int(height * (0.3 + 0.4 * np.sin(time_factor * 2 * np.pi)))
                    
                    cv2.circle(frame, (center_x, center_y), 50, (0, 255, 0), -1)
                    cv2.putText(frame, f"Frame {i}", (10, 30), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                    cv2.putText(frame, f"Camera: {camera.split('.')[-1]}", (10, 70), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (255, 255, 255), 2)
                    
                    out.write(frame)
                
                out.release()
                logger.info(f"Created sample video: {video_path}")
    
    def _deserialize_ros_image_direct(self, data):
        """Deserialize a ROS2 sensor_msgs/Image message directly from bag file - using the working approach"""
        try:
            data_size = len(data)
            
            # Use the exact working approach from create_real_videos_working.py
            if data_size == 2764864:  # 1280x720x3 with 64-byte header
                height, width = 720, 1280
                channels = 3
                
                header_size = 64  # ROS2 header size
                image_data = data[header_size:]
                
                if len(image_data) >= height * width * channels:
                    img_array = np.frombuffer(image_data[:height * width * channels], dtype=np.uint8)
                    img = img_array.reshape((height, width, channels))
                    
                    # ROS images are typically BGR, keep as BGR for OpenCV
                    return img
                else:
                    return None
            elif data_size >= 921600:  # 640x480x3
                height, width = 480, 640
                channels = 3
                
                header_size = 32
                image_data = data[header_size:]
                
                if len(image_data) >= height * width * channels:
                    img_array = np.frombuffer(image_data[:height * width * channels], dtype=np.uint8)
                    img = img_array.reshape((height, width, channels))
                    return img
                else:
                    return None
            else:
                return None
                
        except Exception as e:
            logger.info(f"Error deserializing image: {e}")
            return None
    
    def _get_next_episode_file(self, episode_name: str) -> Path:
        """Find the next available episode file to prevent overwriting"""
        # Extract base name and number from episode_name (e.g., "episode_000000" -> "episode", 0)
        if '_' in episode_name:
            base_name, episode_num_str = episode_name.rsplit('_', 1)
            try:
                episode_num = int(episode_num_str)
            except ValueError:
                base_name = episode_name
                episode_num = 0
        else:
            base_name = episode_name
            episode_num = 0
        
        # Find next available episode number
        while True:
            episode_file = self.data_dir / f"{base_name}_{episode_num:06d}.parquet"
            if not episode_file.exists():
                return episode_file
            episode_num += 1
    
    def save_metadata_yaml(self) -> Optional[Path]:
        """Save the original metadata YAML file"""
        if self.metadata_yaml:
            metadata_file = self.output_dir / "metadata.yaml"
            with open(metadata_file, 'w') as f:
                yaml.dump(self.metadata_yaml, f, default_flow_style=False)
            logger.info(f"Saved original metadata: {metadata_file}")
            return metadata_file
        return None

def select_bag_files(bag_path: str) -> List[str]:
    """Interactive selection of bag files when multiple db3 files are found"""
    if Path(bag_path).is_file():
        return [bag_path]
    
    # Find all db3 files
    db3_files = list(Path(bag_path).glob("*.db3"))
    if not db3_files:
        logger.error(f"No .db3 files found in {bag_path}")
        return []
    
    if len(db3_files) == 1:
        logger.info(f"Found single bag file: {db3_files[0]}")
        return [str(db3_files[0])]
    
    # Multiple files found - let user choose
    logger.info(f"Found {len(db3_files)} bag files:")
    for i, db3_file in enumerate(db3_files, 1):
        file_size = db3_file.stat().st_size / (1024 * 1024)  # MB
        logger.info(f"  {i}. {db3_file.name} ({file_size:.1f} MB)")
    
    while True:
        try:
            selection = input(f"\nSelect bag files (1-{len(db3_files)}, comma-separated, or 'all'): ").strip()
            
            if selection.lower() == 'all':
                selected_files = [str(f) for f in db3_files]
                logger.info(f"Selected all {len(selected_files)} bag files")
                return selected_files
            
            # Parse comma-separated numbers
            indices = [int(x.strip()) - 1 for x in selection.split(',')]
            
            # Validate indices
            if all(0 <= i < len(db3_files) for i in indices):
                selected_files = [str(db3_files[i]) for i in indices]
                logger.info(f"Selected {len(selected_files)} bag files")
                return selected_files
            else:
                logger.info("Invalid selection. Please enter valid numbers.")
                
        except (ValueError, KeyboardInterrupt):
            logger.info("Invalid input. Please enter numbers or 'all'.")
            continue

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='ROS Bag Decoder - One bag file = One episode (uses ROS2 library)')
    parser.add_argument('bag_file', help='Path to ROS bag file or directory')
    parser.add_argument('--output-dir', '-o', default='./datasets/decoded', help='Output directory')
    parser.add_argument('--episode-name', '-e', default='episode_000000', help='Episode name')
    parser.add_argument('--metadata-yaml', '-m', help='Path to metadata YAML file')
    parser.add_argument('--topics', '-t', nargs='+', help='Specific topics to extract')
    parser.add_argument('--limit', '-l', type=int, help='Limit messages per topic')
    parser.add_argument('--json', action='store_true', help='Also output JSON file')
    parser.add_argument('--no-adjust-timestamps', action='store_true', help='Do not adjust timestamps to start at 0')
    parser.add_argument('--multi-bag', action='store_true', help='Process multiple bag files as separate episodes (one bag = one episode)')
    
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    try:
        # Check if bag file exists
        if not Path(args.bag_file).exists():
            logger.error(f"Bag file not found: {args.bag_file}")
            return 1
        
        # Get bag files to process
        if args.multi_bag:
            bag_files = select_bag_files(args.bag_file)
            if not bag_files:
                logger.error("No bag files selected")
                return 1
        else:
            bag_files = [args.bag_file]
        
        logger.info("Starting ROS bag decoding (one bag = one episode)")
        logger.info(f"Processing {len(bag_files)} bag file(s) as {len(bag_files)} episode(s)")
        logger.info(f"Output: {args.output_dir}")
        
        successful_bags = 0
        failed_bags = 0
        
        for bag_idx, bag_file in enumerate(bag_files, 1):
            try:
                logger.info(f"\n--- Processing bag {bag_idx}/{len(bag_files)}: {Path(bag_file).name} ---")
                
                # Initialize decoder for this bag
                decoder = ROSBagDecoder(bag_file)
                
                # Step 1: Get topics
                topics = decoder.get_topics()
                if not topics:
                    logger.info(f"No topics found in {bag_file}")
                    decoder.close()
                    failed_bags += 1
                    continue
                
                # Step 2: Extract messages
                if args.topics:
                    # Extract specific topics
                    messages_data = {}
                    for topic in args.topics:
                        if topic in topics:
                            messages_data[topic] = decoder.extract_messages(topic, args.limit)
                        else:
                            logger.info(f"Topic {topic} not found in bag")
                else:
                    # Extract all topics
                    messages_data = decoder.extract_all_messages(args.limit)
                
                if not messages_data:
                    logger.info(f"No messages extracted from {bag_file}")
                    decoder.close()
                    failed_bags += 1
                    continue
                
                # Step 3: Export to parquet
                # Create experiment-specific output directory
                if args.multi_bag:
                    experiment_name = f"experiment_{bag_idx-1:04d}"
                    experiment_output_dir = Path(args.output_dir) / experiment_name
                    episode_name = f"episode_{bag_idx-1:06d}"
                else:
                    experiment_name = "experiment_0000"
                    experiment_output_dir = Path(args.output_dir) / experiment_name
                    episode_name = args.episode_name
                
                exporter = ParquetExporter(str(experiment_output_dir), args.metadata_yaml, bag_file)
                parquet_file = exporter.export_episode(
                    messages_data, 
                    episode_name, 
                    args.json,
                    adjust_timestamps=not args.no_adjust_timestamps
                )
                
                if parquet_file:
                    # Save original metadata YAML
                    exporter.save_metadata_yaml()
                    
                    # Summary for this bag
                    logger.info(f"Successfully processed {Path(bag_file).name} as {episode_name}")
                    logger.info(f"  Topics processed: {len(messages_data)}")
                    logger.info(f"  Total messages: {sum(len(msgs) for msgs in messages_data.values())}")
                    logger.info(f"  Parquet file: {parquet_file}")
                    
                    successful_bags += 1
                else:
                    logger.info(f"Failed to export {bag_file}")
                    failed_bags += 1
                
                # Cleanup
                decoder.close()
                
            except Exception as e:
                logger.info(f"Failed to process {bag_file}: {e}")
                failed_bags += 1
                continue
        
        # Final summary
        logger.info(f"\n=== Processing Complete ===")
        logger.info(f"Successful episodes: {successful_bags}")
        logger.info(f"Failed episodes: {failed_bags}")
        logger.info(f"Total processed: {successful_bags + failed_bags}")
        
        return 0 if failed_bags == 0 else 1
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Decoding failed: {e}")
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()
        return 1

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    sys.exit(main())