source_dataset
stringclasses 7
values | question
stringlengths 6
4.73k
| choices
listlengths 4
4
| answer
stringclasses 4
values | rationale
stringlengths 0
5.74k
⌀ | split
stringclasses 1
value | subject
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aqua_rat
|
The length of the bridge, which a train 130 meters long and travelling at 45 km/hr can cross in 30 seconds, is?
|
[
"156",
"245",
"288",
"265"
] |
C
|
Speed = (45 * 5/18) m/sec = (25/2) m/sec. Time
= 30 sec. Let the length of bridge be x meters. Then, (130 + X)/30 = 25/2 ==> 2(130 + X)
= 750 ==> X
= 245 m.
Answer: C
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Tick the \textbf{true} statement regarding $\mathsf{GF}(2^k)$.
|
[
"Addition is performed as bitwise XOR.",
"Multiplication is performed modulo $2^k$.",
"It has order $\\varphi(2^k)$.",
"Its characteristic is $k$."
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
The Time-Memory Tradeoff Attack ...
|
[
"is useful for finding a preimage within complexity $O\\big(\\big({\\frac{2}{3}}\\big)^N\\big).$",
"is useful for finding a preimage within complexity $O(N^{\\frac{2}{3}}).$",
"is a dedicated method which works only on SHA1.",
"can be combined with birthday paradox to find the order of the group in RSA efficiently."
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Tick the \textit{correct} assertion.
|
[
"In a finite field $K$, every element has exactly two square roots.",
"In a finite field $K$, 1 has exactly one square roots and it is 1.",
"The set of quadratic residues in $\\mathbb{Z}_n$ is a field.",
"An element can have more than two square roots in $\\mathbb{Z}_n$."
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
A large cold front is moving past the school on a hot, humid summer day. Which best describes the type of weather as the cold front passes by?
|
[
"A drought",
"A monsoon",
"A hurricane",
"A thunderstorm"
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
aqua_rat
|
Running at the same constant rate, 16 identical machines can produce a total of 32 shirt per minute. At this rate, how many shirt could 8 such machines produce in 10 minutes?
|
[
" 911",
" 101",
" 160",
" 785"
] |
C
|
Let's take the approach that uses the answer choices to eliminate wasted time.
32/16 = 2 shirt per minute per machine. 8 machines = 16 per minute. 10 minutes worth = 160 shirt.
Looking at the answers it is clear...we can only choose (D)
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D.
|
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
A 25 year old infeile male underwent semen analysis. Results show : sperm count - 15 million/ml; pH - 7.5; volume - 2 ml; no agglutination is seen. Morphology shows 60% normal and 60% motile sperms. Most likely diagnosis is:
|
[
"Normospermia",
"Oligospermia",
"Azoospermia",
"Aspermia"
] |
B
|
Oligospermia is defined as a sperm count below 20 million/mL. Ref: Textbook of Gynecology By D C Dutta, 4th Edition, Pages 217, 218, 225 ; Current Obs and Gynae Diagnosis and Treatment 9th Edition, Page 982
|
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
The Gothic arch tracing device is used to record
|
[
"The vertical dimension of occlusion",
"The centric relation",
"The centric occlusion",
"Vertical dimension at rest"
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
The continental crust floats on top of the mantle because the crust is
|
[
"less dense than the mantle.",
"made of a liquid material.",
"made up of oxygen which is a light element.",
"separated from the mantle by a layer of water."
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
For $K$ a field, $a,b\in K$ with $4a^3+27b^2 \neq 0$, $E_{a,b}(K)$ is
|
[
"a field.",
"a group.",
"a ring.",
"a ciphertext."
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
Once upon a time, there was a farmer in central China. He didn't have money, so instead of a tractor , he used an old horse to plow his field . One afternoon, while working in the field, the horse fell down, dead. Everyone in the village said, "Oh, what a horrible thing!" The farmer said simply, "We'll see." He was so peaceful and so calm that everyone in the village got together and, admiring his attitude, gave him a new horse as a gift. Everyone's reaction now was, "What a lucky man!" And the farmer said, "We'll see." A couple of days later, the new horse jumped over a fence and ran away. Everyone in the village shook their heads and said, "What a poor fellow!" The farmer smiled and said, "We'll see." Eventually, the horse found his way home, and everyone said, "What a fortunate man!" The farmer said, "We'll see." Later in the year, the farmer's young boy went out riding the horse and fell and broke his leg. Everyone in the village said, "What a poor boy!" The farmer said, "We'll see." Two days later, the army came into the village to draft new recruits .When they saw the farmer's son had a broken leg, they decided not to recruit him. Everyone said, "What a fortunate young man!" The farmer smiled again and said, "We'll see." There's no use in overreacting to the events and circumstances of our everyday lives. When our hearts are in the right place, all events and circumstances are gifts that we can learn valuable lessons from. What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"The miserable life of a farmer.",
"The success of a farmer.",
"The life attitude of a farmer.",
"The failure of a farmer."
] |
C
| null |
train
| |
m1_preference_data
|
You are given the task of choosing the parameters of a hash function. What value of the output will you recommend in order to be minimal and secure against second preimage attacks?
|
[
"40 bits",
"80 bits",
"160 bits",
"320 bits"
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
Which system of the human body provides protection to most of the major organs?
|
[
"skeletal system",
"circulatory system",
"respiratory system",
"muscular system"
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
aqua_rat
|
852.68 − 4.5 + 108.90 = ? − 2132.54
|
[
"6078.58",
"6258.58",
"6078.5",
"None"
] |
C
|
Option 'D'
|
train
| null |
mmlu
|
TOKYO (Reuters) - "Who played the father in the movie 'Kramer versus Kramer'?" That's one of the 50 questions Japanese men could face in a "daddy exam", meant to raise awareness about fatherhood in a country where men tend to work long hours and leave their wives in charge of childcare and household work. Even men who remember Dustin Hoffman struggling as a father in the movie may have a hard time answering questions ranging from baby food to politics. Tetsuya Ando, director of Fathering Japan, a Tokyo non-profit organization that came up with the test and will offer it to eager dads from next March, said the exam was an attracting way to get fathers into parenting. "There just isn't enough information about parenting for fathers. Through the exam, we want men to realize that they don't know anything about bringing up kids," he said. For the price of 3,900 yen ($34), fathers can find out whether they qualify as a "Super Dad," or are in need of more effort as a "Challenge Dad." "We have received inquiries from fathers, single men, to-be-dads, grandfathers ... even an aunt who was concerned that her nephew is too busy with work to notice the fun of parenting," Ando said. The image of fathers is gradually changing in Japan as younger men _ their own dads' hands-off way in favor of closer involvement, and a wave of new parenting magazines for male readers has been hitting newsstands. But it is still hard for Japanese fathers to cut down on their work hours and spend more time with their families. Only 0.5 percent of employed men in Japan took parental leave in 2011, compared with 14 percent in the United States and 12 percent in Britain in 2000. In the exam, the Japanese fathers may find that _ .
|
[
"they almost know nothing about the questions",
"the questions only make sense to to - be - dads",
"there is ample information about parenting",
"it's not a good way to get them into parenting"
] |
A
| null |
train
| |
m1_preference_data
|
Tick the \textbf{true} statement regarding RSA Cryptosystem.
|
[
"$(e,N,\\varphi(N))$ are the public parameters.",
"$e$ is a valid public key if $\\gcd(e,N)=1$.",
"Encryption and decryption are performed with the same key.",
"$ed \\equiv 1 \\pmod{\\varphi(N)}$."
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
There is a saying in French--"Si vieillesse pouvait, si jeunesse savait"--which means roughly "if age had the ability, if youth had the knowledge." I was reminded of this saying the other day when I saw an interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeon , now retired, about the impact of computer technology on modern surgery. He was referring to the difficulty people of his age had in using the new techniques, but also to the fact that younger surgeons, who are more comfortable with the technology, lack some of the wisdom of experience. It struck me that this problem is not just confined to specialized fields such as medicine, but is widespread in modern life. There are many areas where the rapid growth of technology has widened the generation gap. Young people are at ease with modern technology and propose all sorts of ways for using and developing it. But they often lack the experience needed to see further into the future to the possible dangers that a particular development may cause. Older people see all sorts of difficulties and dangers, but are sometimes ignored, or even accused of being against progress, if they point out potential problems. Equally, they may see potential uses, but not have the technical skills to put them into practice themselves or the trust in the younger generation to do so. Enthusiasm and inexperience come into conflict with caution and arrogance, usually with unsatisfactory results for both sides. What is needed is the development of a partnership, based on mutual respect, which can deliver real progress by combining enthusiasm and caution in a constructive way, rather than in conflict with each other. The old need to give the younger generation the time, the resources and, above all, the authority to develop new ideas and use their skills. In exchange, the young need to turn more actively to the older generation to seek their advice and exploit their greater experience of the world in foreseeing and overcoming potential problems. The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"the impact of computer technology on modern surgery",
"an interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeon",
"new generation gap between the old and the young",
"a conflict between knowledge and experience"
] |
C
| null |
train
| |
sciq
|
What is the name of the the most efficient possible engine?
|
[
"diesel engine",
"carnot engine",
"ventilation engine",
"excitation engine"
] |
B
|
An ideal engine, the most efficient theoretically possible, is called a Carnot Engine. Its efficiency is given by the following formula, where the temperatures are, respectively, the temperature of the exhaust environment and the temperature of the heat input, in Kelvins. In a Carnot engine heat is input and exhausted in isothermal cycles, and the efficiency is . In all real engines heat is lost to the environment, thus the ideal efficiency is never even close to being obtained.
|
train
| null |
mmlu
|
With roads and tube lines set to be more crowded than ever this summer, a few people may be tempted to use it as an excuse for a day off. But for employees at data services provider, Interxion, a chaotic commute during the Olympics will _ . That's because, in an effort to keep things from progressing slowly this summer, bosses at the London company are asking staff to sleep at work -- in space pods. Far from sleeping on the job, engineers will be asked to stay behind and sleep in the closed capsules to avoid the rush hour. And while other companies are planning to offer staff the luxury of working from home during the Games, the firm behind the capsules hopes to get more workplaces on board. Podtime, the firm behind the unusual cabins, are describing them as the perfect solution to the Olympics' crowded commute. On their official website they state 'London businesses will be severely affected by the transport problems caused by the Olympics.' Reasonable prices and various pods provide the best solution to this by allowing your staff to stay on site as necessary, in comfort and privacy. Coming in a range of colours, the capsules, made of polycarbonate, sell at anything from PS1,375. The stock models are fitted with either foam mattresses or a standard single mattress as well as a storage shelf, mirror and power points. These types of capsules have been around for years, in hotels, but Interxion is thought to be among the first to have them installed at the workplace. An independent report carried out by Oxford Economics last year estimated that around 450,000 visitors will stay in London while 5.5 million people will visit for at least a day during the Games. This will inevitably mean more cars on the road and greater congestion on the Underground. All the facilities are fitted to the stock models EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"foam single mattresses",
"storage shelves",
"mirrors",
"power points"
] |
A
| null |
train
| |
med_mcqa
|
In a patient of acute inferior wall MI : best modality of rx is -
|
[
"IV fluids",
"Digoxin",
"Diuretics",
"Vasodilators"
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
Playing video games has become a real job now. Players can get a lot of money. They compete, watched by thousands of fans in arenas , with millions more following online. 40 years ago the first known competition (playing Spacewar at the US's Standford University) offered a magazine as first prize. In 2014 the world championship for Dota 2 had the prize of almost $11 million and 10,000 fans watched live as Chinese team won the first prize. Last year also saw the first e-sports arenas open in the US and a 15,000-seater e-sports stadium in China, the e-TV sports report by sports network ESPN and the $450,000 worth e-sports scholarship offered by Chicago's Robert Morris University. If you're over 30, you probably don't, directly, unless you happen to be a fanatical player of the most popular e-sports games. But your children or grandchildren do. They know the players by their gaming handles and hope to follow their heroes into a gaming world. What has playing video games become now?
|
[
"A job.",
"A sport.",
"A hobby.",
"A competition."
] |
A
| null |
train
| |
sciq
|
A salt concentration of 32 percent is nearly ten times that of what abundant resource?
|
[
"oxygen",
"seawater",
"fresh water",
"algae"
] |
B
|
train
| null |
|
ai2_arc_ARC-Challenge
|
Which of the following is a function of the motor neurons in the nervous system?
|
[
"to directly apply force to the skeletal system",
"to gather information about the stimuli",
"to transmit messages from the brain to the body",
"to directly control the action of muscles"
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
aqua_rat
|
How many positive integers less than 100 are neither multiples of 2 or 3?
|
[
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34"
] |
C
|
1) multiples of 2 till 100 = 100/2 = 50
2) multiples of 3 till 100 = 100/3 = 33.33= 33
add the two 50+33=83 ;
subtract common terms that are multiple of both 2 and 3..
LCM of 2 and 3 = 6
Multiples of 6 till 100 = 100/6 = 16.66 = 16
so total multiples of 2 and 3 = 83-16 = 67
100-67 = 33
Answer : D
|
train
| null |
aqua_rat
|
A shopkeeper sold sarees at Rs. 266 each after giving 5% discout on labelled price. Had he not given the discount, he would have earned a profit of 12% on the cost price. What was the cost price of each saree?
|
[
"250",
"260",
"270",
"None"
] |
A
|
Sol.
S.P. of 1 saree = Rs.266. Let the labelled price of each saree be Rs. x.
Then, 95/100x = 266 ⇒ x = Rs. [266*100]/95 = Rs. 280.
New, S.P. = Rs. 280, Profit = 12%.
∴ C.P. of 1 saree = Rs. [100/112 * 280] = Rs. 250.
Answer B
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Pick the \emph{correct} statement.
|
[
"A homomorphism is defined as a bijective isomorphism.",
"An isomorphism is defined as a bijective homomorphism.",
"An isomorphism is any homomorphism $h: X\\rightarrow X$.",
"A homomorphism is any non-bijective isomorphism."
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
1-3 beta-D-glucanassay for fungi is not used for?
|
[
"Aspergillus species",
"Candida species",
"Cryptococcus species",
"Pneumocystis jirovecii"
] |
C
|
Ans. (c) Cryptococcus s(j. journal of ,\\,11crobiology 2013 Nov. 3478-3484 13-D-glucan is the component of fungal cell-wall of all fungus (except cryptococcus, zygomycetes and blastomyces dermatidis) which is detectable in case of invasive infection. Currently Fungitell assay is a FDA approved 13-DG assay which is positive in invasive candidiasis, Aspergillism and pneumocystis jirovecii. False positive reaction may be seen with ceain hemodialysis filters, beta lactam antimicrobials and immunoglobulins
|
train
| null |
sciq
|
What type of symmetry does an octopus have?
|
[
"essential",
"internal",
"bilateral",
"quadrilateral"
] |
C
|
The octopi in the above two videos are both opening jars. Observe their behavior closely. Do you think they are both displaying the same type of learning? Explain your reasoning fully, and be as specific as you can be.
|
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
To safely conduct an experiment using chemicals, what should students always do?
|
[
"Work in large groups.",
"Wear safety goggles.",
"Wear short sleeves.",
"Keep a window open."
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday. Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa. "Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive species," Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director general at the FAO's forestry department, said at the launch of the report. The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats. "The remaining populations become surrounded in very small ecosystems, they have inbreeding problems ... and at the end these species may disappear," he added. Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi. The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of native species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence. Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said. The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to dealing with climate change such as mangroves , inland waters, forests, savannahs and grasslands. The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was limited. The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed. It also urged local communities to develop projects that _ the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example. What would serve as the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Animals at risk due to climate change.",
"Global warming and its consequences.",
"Climate change and ecotourism.",
"Solutions to animal distinction."
] |
A
| null |
train
| |
med_mcqa
|
Which of the following poisonings causes the blood to become cherry red?
|
[
"Cyanide",
"H2S",
"Potassium per chlorate",
"Nitrite"
] |
A
|
Cyanide stops respiration at mitochondrial level so the O2 in the blood is not used and hence a high saturation of O2 in the blood gives it the bright red color. H2S changes the red blood pigment; blood turns brown to olive in color. In potassium per chlorate poisoning, the blood is of a chocolate color. Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia and anemic anoxia. Signs are dyspnea and coffee color of mucosae and blood.
|
train
| null |
sciq
|
Historically, malaria has rivaled what as the leading cause of human death by infectious disease?
|
[
"heart attack",
"hepatitis",
"tuberculosis",
"cancer"
] |
C
|
Alloys can be one of two general types. In one type, called a substitutional alloy, the various atoms simply replace each other in the crystal structure. In another type, called an interstitial alloy, the smaller atoms such as carbon fit in between the larger atoms in the crystal packing arrangement.
|
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Which of the following is involved when there is excessive bleeding after labor, and the laboratory studies demonstrate decreased platelets, prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, and increased fibrin split products?
|
[
"Disseminated intravascular coagulation",
"Hemophilia A",
"Severe liver disease",
"Vitamin K deficiency"
] |
A
|
This is a description of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a feared and often lifethreatening complication of many other disorders, including amniotic fluid embolism, infections (particularly gram negative sepsis), malignancy, and major trauma. This is suspected when a decrease in platelets and a prolongation of PT and PTT times are observed. The observed hematologic abnormalities are caused by consumption of platelets and clotting factors, caused by extensive microclot formation with accompanying fibrinolysis (reflected by the increased fibrin split products).
Hemophilia (choice B) alters the PTT without affecting the other indices.
Severe liver disease (choice C) produces alterations comparable to those in vitamin K deficiency; platelets can also be decreased secondary to a generalized metabolic marrow dysfunction, but fibrin split products would not be increased.
Vitamin K deficiency (choice D) is associated with alterations in PT and PTT, but platelets will not be decreased, nor will fibrin split products be increased.
Von Willebrand's disease (choice E) produces impaired platelet adhesion and increases the bleeding time and the PTT, but will not produce the other features described.
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
The little Fermat theorem states that for a prime $n$ and any $b\in \mathbb{Z}_n ^\star$ we have\dots
|
[
"$b^{n-1}\\mod n = 1$.",
"$b^{n-1}\\mod n = n$.",
"$b^{n}\\mod n = 1$.",
"$b^{n-1}\\mod n = b$."
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
Maybelle said she wouldn't be coming with me to the library. I asked why, and she said she could get all the short stories she wanted off the Internet. Saved walking all the way to the library, and putting up with my long chat on the way there, and on the way back. Maybelle is very direct like that, always has been. "But, Maybelle, we've been walking to the library every' Monday for the last fifty years!" She said," Why don't you get Internet'? We can send each other emails." So I had to get Internet. I called the local high school. They said they'd send me a good student to tell me all about computers and such. Evil thing, this Internet. Makes you lose old friends, forces you to learn new complex ideas, even if you're too old. But Maybelle said you have to be modern; otherwise, you're dead. The kid came the next day. Tall skinny black kid, by tile name of Arsenius, said his work would cost me. I said, "All right. As long as I get Internet." "You need a computer, then you need to get hooked up," he said. "Let's buy a computer and get hooked up, then." "How much you want to spend?" "Whatever it takes." "How many rams you want?" I wasn't going to show him my ignorance, so I said, "Whatever it takes." "Let's go to the mall. You got a car?" "In the garage." When I opened the garage door, he gasped. Daddy's car is still there, a'57 Chevy. I never drive it. Walk everywhere. I said," Let's walk. It's only a mile or so." He said," Let's drive, or you will faint on me in this heat." "Young man, I don't faint, never have. We're walking." "I get paid by the hour," he said. "Walking will cost you a lot more. Also, you feel like carrying a computer a mile or so?" Arsenius gives _ reasons for driving to the mall.
|
[
"two",
"three",
"four",
"five"
] |
B
| null |
train
| |
sciq
|
When a sperm penetrates the egg, it triggers the egg to complete what?
|
[
"meiosis",
"mutations",
"lesions",
"fertilization"
] |
A
|
When a sperm penetrates the egg, it triggers the egg to complete meiosis. The sperm also undergoes changes. Its tail falls off, and its nucleus fuses with the nucleus of the egg. The resulting cell, called a zygote, contains all the chromosomes needed for a new human organism. Half the chromosomes come from the egg and half from the sperm.
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Which mode of operation is similar to a stream cipher?
|
[
"ECB",
"OFB",
"CFB",
"CBC"
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Supposititious child is: March 2013 (d, h)
|
[
"Illegitimate child",
"Fictitious child",
"Battered child",
"Posthumous child"
] |
B
|
Ans. B i.e. Fictitious child Supposititious children are fraudulent offspring. These arose when an heir was required and so a suitable baby might be procured and passed off as genuine.
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Which of the following cryptographic primitives have a security level that is significantly lower than 80 bits?
|
[
"Symmetric key encryption with a secret key of 82 bits.",
"RSA signature scheme with a 1613-bit modulus.",
"ElGamal cryptosystem over a subgroup $H\\subset\\mathbb{Z}_p^*$ with a 1613-bit prime $p$ and $|H|\\approx 2^{70}$.",
"A hash function with the output of size 163 bits."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Average no. of girls that would be born to a woman if she experiences the current feility pattern throughout her reproductive span (15-44 or 49 years), assuming no moality known as
|
[
"Net reproduction rate",
"Gross reproduction rate",
"Total marital feility rate",
"Total feility rat"
] |
B
|
Term Definition Net reproduction rate No. of daughters a newborn girl will bear during her life time assuming fixed age specific feility and moality ratio Gross reproduction rate Average no. of girls that would be born to a woman if she experiences the current feility pattern throughout her reproductive span (15-44 or 49 years), assuming no moality Total marital feility rate Average no. of children that would be born to a married woman if she experiences the current feility pattern throughout her reproductive spam Total feility rate Average no. of children a woman would have if she were to pass through her reproductive bearing children at the same rates as the women now in each age group
|
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Following the given X Ray most probable diagnosis is ?
|
[
"Ewing sarcoma",
"Giant cell Tumor",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Aneurysmal Bone cyst"
] |
B
|
* Giant cell tumor - It goes till the joint. It is the only tumor to involve the joint. It is seen in 20-40 years of age (after skeletal maturity). It occurs in epiphysis (mainly) and extends into metaphysis, so called as epiphyseal-metaphysis tumor * Osteosarcoma - aggressive presentation and found in metaphysis. * Giant cell tumor-Osteoclastoma. * ABC - It occurs in metaphysis and seen in skeletally immature individuals (11-20 years)
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
What is the encryption of the word ``SECRECY'' under the Vigen\`ere cipher using the key ``ZAB''?
|
[
"``REDQEDX''",
"``RDDQEDX''",
"``REDQEKX''",
"``REDUEDX''"
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
The patient is delivered by cesarean section under general anaesthesia. The baby and placenta are easily delivered, but the uterus is noted to be boggy and atonic despite the intravenous infusion of Pitocin. All of the following are appropriate agents to use next Except
|
[
"Methylergonovine (Methergine) administered intramuscularly",
"Prostaglandin F2a intramuscularly",
"Misoprostol (Cytotec) suppositories",
"Terbutaline administered intravenously"
] |
D
|
Methylergonovine, prostaglandin F2a, prostaglandin E1 (Misoprostol), and prostaglandin E2 (Hemabate)are all uterotonic agents that can be used in situations where there is a postpaum haemorrhage due to uterine atony.Terbutaline would be contraindicated in this situation because it is a tocolytic that is used to promote uterine relaxation.
|
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
A 45 day–old infant developed icterus and two days later symptoms and signs of acute liver failure appeared. Child was found to be positive for Hbs Ag. The mother was also s Ag carrier. The mother's hepatitis B serological profile is likely to be –
|
[
"HBs Ag positive only",
"HBs Ag and Hbe Ag positivity",
"HBsAg and anti - HBe antibody positivity",
"Mother infected with mutant HBV"
] |
B
|
Perinatal transmission of H V
Most important risk factor that determines perinatal transmission is HBe Ag. HBs Ag carrier mothers who are HBe Ag positive almost invariably (> 90%) transmit hepatitis B infection to their offspring, where as carrier mothers with anti HBe rarely (10 to 15%) infect their offspring.
Most common time of perinatal transmission is at the time of delivery.
Most of the infected neonates are asymptomatic carrier with increased chances of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
Infections may be caused by
|
[
"mutations",
"microorganisms",
"toxic substances",
"climate changes"
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Challenge
|
Rubbing sandpaper on a piece of wood produces what two types of energy?
|
[
"heat and light",
"sound and heat",
"light and electricity",
"electricity and sound"
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Which of the following has a nonfunctional cusp?
|
[
"Mandibular canine",
"Maxillary second premolar",
"Mandibular first premolar",
"None of the above"
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Tick the \textbf{false} statement. Enigma ...
|
[
"was broken mainly because of design flaws in the patented documents.",
"was used by the German armies in World War 2.",
"relies on Kerchkoffs's Principle.",
"could be plugged into a radio transmitter."
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
A bunny is desperate for food and happily chows down when offered
|
[
"a meatball",
"some oregano",
"cat food",
"a steak"
] |
B
| null |
train
| |
m1_preference_data
|
Let $p$ be a prime number and $n$ be an integer. What is the order of $\mathrm{GF}(p^n)$?
|
[
"$p^n$",
"$p^n-1$",
"$p^{n-1}$",
"$1-p^n$"
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Choose the \emph{correct} statement
|
[
"Elliptic curves form a field.",
"Elliptic curves form a ring.",
"Elliptic curves form an Abelian group.",
"Elliptic curves form an ideal."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Challenge
|
Why are the rocks and pebbles found on riverbeds usually smooth?
|
[
"The rocks and pebbles in riverbeds are not very old.",
"The rocks and pebbles rub against each other as water flows over them.",
"Rivers can only flow over smooth rocks and pebbles.",
"Organisms in the rivers break down the rocks and pebbles."
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
aqua_rat
|
If x and y are positive integers such that (3x + 7y) is a multiple of 11, then which of the followings are divisible by 11?
|
[
"4x + 6y",
"4x - 9y",
"4x + 6y",
"8x + 4y"
] |
B
|
By hit and trial method, we get x=5 and y=1 such that 3x + 7y = 15 + 7 = 22 is a multiple of 11.
Then
(4x + 6y) = (4 × 5 + 6 × 1) = 26 which is not divisible by 11
(x + y + 4) = (5 + 1 + 4) = 10 which is not divisible by 11
(9x + 4y) = (9 × 5 + 4 × 1) = 49 which is not divisible by 11
(4x - 9y) = (4 × 5 - 9 × 1) = 20 - 9 = 11 which is divisible by 11
Answer is B
|
train
| null |
aqua_rat
|
Find the simple interest on Rs. 78000 at 15(2/5) % per annum for 9 months.
|
[
"Rs. 7804",
"Rs. 8046",
"Rs. 9009",
"None of these"
] |
C
|
Explanation:
P = Rs. 78000, R = 77/5 % p.a and T = 9/12 years = ¾ years
Therefore,
S.I = (P*R*T)/100
= (78000* 77/5 * ¾ * 1/100)
= Rs. 9009
ANSWER D
|
train
| null |
sciq
|
Low-level exposure of humans to radiation can cause what?
|
[
"bleeding",
"cancer",
"illness",
"coughing"
] |
B
|
We can see two general types of effects when humans are exposed to radiation. Low-level exposure can lead to development of cancer. The regulatory processes regulating cell growth are disrupted, leading to uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Acute exposure can produce nausea, weakness, skin burns, and internal tissue damage. Cancer patients receiving radiation therapy experience these symptoms, but the radiation is targeted to a specific site in the body so that the damage is primarily to the cancer cells and the patient is able to recover from the exposure.
|
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Malignant hyperthermia is a rare complication of the use of the following anaesthetic:
|
[
"Ketamine",
"Thiopentone sodium",
"Halothane",
"Ether"
] |
C
|
Rarely, halothane can cause malignant hyperthermia, which is treated with dantrolene.
|
train
| null |
aqua_rat
|
Find the number of square tiles to cover the floor of a room measuring 4.5 m * 10 m leaving 0.60 m space around the room. A side of square tile is given to be 11 cms?
|
[
"2710",
"4764",
"4000",
"2400"
] |
D
|
3.30 *8.80 = 11/100 * 11/100 * x => x = 2400
Answer: E
|
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Challenge
|
Which compound does not contain individual molecules?
|
[
"salt",
"water",
"hydrogen gas",
"carbon monoxide"
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
Every Thursday afternoon,my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall but in the Yale University Art Gallery. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or three of the paintings,many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class. The professor begins by selecting one work of art.After giving us a quick background on the artist,he'll open up for our class discussion.Everyone is strongly encouraged to give opinions about the work.Not every piece we study is necessarily famous or striking in appearance and subject matter.Yet we always manage to make some interesting observations. In America,professors always take every opportunity to push textbooks aside and expose students to real world experiences. With some creativity, almost any subject can be applied to such beyond classroom learning.My art history class trips to the gallery are but one example. Many other subjects also offer opportunities to learn outside the classroom,such as business,psychology, art,journalism and biology. A friend of mine from Yale taking an advanced psychology course spends every Saturday working with mentally disabled children.Her mornings are spent staying with the kids and studying their sometimes uncontrolled behavior.Then in the afternoon she writes a report on her observations. Students generally appreciate these unique learning opportunities. They're almost always fun and interesting,and professors like them because students learn so much in just a few short months. No one denies the value of classroom learning,but it can only take students so far.Slides and textbooks may do a good j ob of carrying facts and dates,but creativity and originality of thought cannot be taught.They can only be got through firsthand experience. In American universities, it is popular for professors to _
|
[
"create textbooks by themselves",
"teach their lectures through real world experiences",
"ask their students to memorize the texts",
"share their experiences with the students"
] |
B
| null |
train
| |
m1_preference_data
|
Let $(e,N)$ be the public parameters of the RSA cryptosystem. What is the advantage of taking a \emph{small} value for $e$?
|
[
"The complexity of the parameters generation is smaller.",
"The complexity of the encryption step is smaller.",
"The complexity of the decryption step is smaller.",
"The whole system is stronger against several attacks."
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
sciq
|
What particles allow fungi to reproduce through unfavorable conditions?
|
[
"bosons",
"quarks",
"spores",
"atoms"
] |
C
|
How about both? That would suggest that fungi can produce both diploid and haploid cells, which they can. Shown above are fungi mycelia and haploid spores. Spores allow fungi to reproduce through unfavorable conditions.
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Confidentiality means that:
|
[
"the message can be read by anyone.",
"information should not leak to any unexpected party.",
"the message should make clear who the author is.",
"the information must be protected against any malicious modification."
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
China's onlineretailers are busy preparing for what has become the country's annual online shoppingfestival on November 11th. November 11 is a datemade up of four ones, and "double eleven" has always been considered a specialday for single men and women inChina.Five years ago the Internet retailer Alibaba began promoting it as a shoppingfestival, and it has now turned to be the country's busiest day for onlineretailers and millions of shopping lovers. JD.com is trying toattract more retailers by offering them free delivery service for a month.Alibaba itself has invited some 30,000 offline stores to participate in theonline shopping party. More than 20,000 vendors on Alibaba's sites --Tmall and Taobao are promising 50 percent discounts on the day. Shanghai- based Yhd.com,also called Yihaodian, a Chinese e-commerce company that is majority-owned byWal-Mart Stores, is setting up a special sale of imported foods. Last year Alibaba earned19.1 billion yuan in sales during the double eleven promotions. And a 100billion yuan logistics network was set up by Alibaba this May that aims tomake 24-hour deliveries possible. The major logisticsplayer Shentong shipped more than 8 million items during "double eleven."Shentong has more than 150,000 staff, and expects things to be even busier thisyear. Yang Jinghai, Director Of Human Resources of Shentong Express, says, "Wehave hired 30 percent more staff for double eleven, and we have couriers' bonuses ready." On double elevenChina's e-commerce sites receive more visitsthan the entire population ofBrazil.It is believed thatChinawill replace theUSas the world's top e-commerce market this year. What kind of situation are you most likely to meet ifyou buy things online on "double eleven"?
|
[
"You will get a 50%discount.",
"You will find moregoods online.",
"You are not able tobuy imported goods.",
"You can get freedelivery service for a month."
] |
B
| null |
train
| |
med_mcqa
|
Submandibular gland is:
|
[
"Pure serous.",
"Pure mucous.",
"Mixed and predominantly serous.",
"Mixed and predominantly mucous."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
sciq
|
A catalyst can increase the rate of what, in general?
|
[
"chemical reaction",
"mechanicl reaction",
"carbon reaction",
"consumption reaction"
] |
A
|
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. The presence of a catalyst is one of several factors that influence the rate of chemical reactions. (Other factors include the temperature, concentration, and surface area of reactants. ) A catalyst isn’t a reactant in the chemical reaction it speeds up. As a result, it isn’t changed or used up in the reaction, so it can go on to catalyze many more reactions.
|
train
| null |
sciq
|
The two main fundamental particles that make up neutrons are quarks and what else?
|
[
"atoms",
"prions",
"gluons",
"leptons"
] |
C
|
Neutrons consist of fundamental particles known as quarks and gluons. Gluons carry the strong nuclear force that binds together the quarks in a neutron.
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
What is the inverse of 28 in $\mathbf{Z}_{77}$?
|
[
"$0$",
"$1$",
"$36$",
"$49$"
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
All are true regarding resistance of penicillin in staphylococcus aureus, except ?
|
[
"Penicillinase production is transmitted by transduction",
"Methicillin resistance is due to change in PBP",
"Hospital strains mostly produce type D penicillinase",
"Penicillinase production is plasmid mediated"
] |
C
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hospital strains mostly produce type D penicillinase Resistance to antibiotics a Penicillin resistance is of three types? 1. Production of beta-lactamase (penicillinase) It inactivates penicillin by splitting 13-lactam ring Its production is controlled by plasmid. Plasmid is transmitted by transduction (mainly) or conjugation. Penicillinase is an inducible enzyme As a result of the widespread dissemination of plasmids containing penicillinase, less than 5% strains of staph. remain susceptible to penicillin. Staphylococci produce four type of penicillinases, A to D. Hospital strains usually forms type 'A' penicillinase. 2. Changes in bacterial surface receptors by lack or inaccessibility of ceain penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) in the organism. Methicillin resistant is mainly due to this mechanism and is independent of /3 - lactamase production. It is due to production of PBP 2a. This change ( in bacterial surface receptors) is normally chromosomal in nature. The resistance gene is mec A gene which is a pa of large mobile genetic element - staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec). This genetic material has been transferred to Staph. aureus from S. seiuri. 3. Development of tolerance to penicillin, by which the bacterium is only inhibited but not killed
|
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
Which plant trait is inherited?
|
[
"the shape of its leaves",
"the amount of water it receives",
"the number of minerals it absorbs from soil",
"the level of sunlight to which it is exposed"
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
The non-active carious lesion is distinguished by all except:
|
[
"Covered by a layer of plaque",
"Soft and leathery in consistensy",
"Brown or black discolouration",
"Severe pain during caries removal"
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Tick the \textbf{true} assertion. MAC is \ldots
|
[
"\\ldots a computer.",
"\\ldots the name of a dish with chili.",
"\\ldots a Message Authentication Code.",
"\\ldots the encryption of KEY with the Ceasar cipher."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Challenge
|
The skin is the largest organ in the human body. Why is skin considered to be an organ?
|
[
"It is made of cells.",
"It acts as a barrier.",
"It is made of tissues.",
"It is part of an organism."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Indoor air pollution does not lead to:
|
[
"Chronic lung disease",
"Impaired neurological development",
"Adverse pregnancy outcome",
"Pneumonia in child"
] |
B
|
Indoor air pollution can lead to chronic lung disease, adverse pregnancy outcome and pneumonia in child.Indoor Air PollutionThe commonest pollutant is tobacco smoke, but additional offenders are CO, nitrogen dioxide, and asbestos. Volatile substances containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated by cooking oils and coal burning are impoant indoor pollutants in some regions of China.Wood smoke, containing various oxides of nitrogen and carbon paiculates, may not only be an irritant but also predisposes to lung infections and may contain the far more dangerous carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. Bioaerosols range from microbiologic agents capable of causing infectious diseases such as Legionnaires' disease, viral pneumonia, and the common cold, to less threatening but nonetheless distressing allergens derived from pet dander, dust mites, and fungi and molds responsible for rhinitis, eye irritation, and asthma.Radon, a radioactive gas derived from uranium widely present in soil and in homes, can cause lung cancer in uranium miners.Exposure to formaldehyde causes breathing difficulties and a burning sensation in the eyes and throat, and can trigger asthma attacks.
|
train
| null |
m1_preference_data
|
Under which condition is an element $x\in \mathbb{Z}_n$ invertible?
|
[
"$\\mathsf{gcd}(x,\\varphi (n)) = 1$.",
"$\\mathsf{gcd}(x,n-1) = 1$.",
"$\\mathsf{gcd}(x,n) = 1$.",
"$\\mathsf{gcd}(x,n) \\ne 1$."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
Which of the following is a property of CO2 gas?
|
[
"It feels like a rock.",
"It smells like a lemon.",
"It is colorless.",
"It is hard."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
sciq
|
What rigid external structure protects shellfish and other animals and provides points of attachment for the muscles that move the appendages?
|
[
"cocoon",
"claw",
"membrane",
"exoskeleton"
] |
D
|
train
| null |
|
sciq
|
In a medium, the closer the distribution of the material gets to what state, the slower the rate of diffusion becomes?
|
[
"equilibrium",
"elastic",
"erosion",
"gas"
] |
A
|
Each separate substance in a medium, such as the extracellular fluid, has its own concentration gradient, independent of the concentration gradients of other materials. Additionally, each substance will diffuse according to that gradient. Several factors affect the rate of diffusion. • Extent of the concentration gradient: The greater the difference in concentration, the more rapid the diffusion. The closer the distribution of the material gets to equilibrium, the slower the rate of diffusion becomes. • Mass of the molecules diffusing: More massive molecules move more slowly, because it is more difficult for them to move between the molecules of the substance they are moving through; therefore, they diffuse more slowly. • Temperature: Higher temperatures increase the energy and therefore the movement of the molecules, increasing the rate of diffusion. • Solvent density: As the density of the solvent increases, the rate of diffusion decreases. The molecules slow down because they have a more difficult time getting through the denser medium.
|
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Which of the following is not an anterior relation of second pa of duodenum ?
|
[
"gallbladder",
"transverse colon",
"transverse mesocolon",
"head of pancreas"
] |
D
|
Anterior Visceral relation of 2nd pa of duodenum: (a) Right lobe of the liver; (b) transverse colon, (c) root of the transverse mesocolon, and (d) small intestine. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 2 , pg. no., 286. FIG Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 2, Fig. 20.8a ( pg. no., 286 ).
|
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
What is the first step in designing a product?
|
[
"model a solution",
"communicate the solution",
"identify the need or want",
"build a prototype"
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
Visible light is which type of wave?
|
[
"seismic",
"mechanical",
"longitudinal",
"electromagnetic"
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
You can see lots of kangaroos in Australia, and not only in zoos but also outside the cities and towns. You can see them everywhere. Kangaroos are very popular in Australia. They have very strong legs, so they are very good at jumping. Their tails are very strong, too, so when they want to have a rest, they rest on their tails. Kangaroos are also good at looking after their babies. Mother kangaroos keep their babies safe in their pockets. How do kangaroos rest when they want to rest?
|
[
"on their legs",
"on their hands",
"on their tails",
"on their back"
] |
C
| null |
train
| |
sciq
|
Runoff is likely to cause more what if the land is bare?
|
[
"abrasion",
"weathering",
"sediment",
"erosion"
] |
D
|
Runoff is likely to cause more erosion if the land is bare. Plants help hold the soil in place. The runoff water in Figure below is brown because it eroded soil from a bare, sloping field. Can you find evidence of erosion by runoff where you live? What should you look for?.
|
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Cock up splint is used in treatment of -
|
[
"Radial nerve palsy",
"Ulnar nerve palsy",
"Median nerve palsy",
"Posterior interosseous nerve palsy"
] |
A
|
Ans. is 'a' I.e., Radial nerve palsy Maheshwari 4th/ep. 24]Splintso Any material which is used to support a fracture is called splint.o Splints are used for immobilizing fractures; either temporarily during transportation or for definitive treatment,o The most commonly employed splints is plaster of paris (POP) splint. Various POP splints are.Casts : - Here the POP roll completely encircles the limb.Slab : - It is not completely encircles the limb, but only one half or one third circumference.Spica : - This encircles a part of the body; e.g., hip spica for fractures around hip.o Important non-pop splints are : -NameUseCramer-wire splintThomas splintBohler-Braun splintAluminium splintDennis Brown splintCock-up splintKnuckle-bender splintToe-raising splintVolkmamfs splintFour-post collarAeroplane splintSOMI braceASHE (Anterior spinal hyperextension)Taylor's braceMilwaukee braceBoston braceLumbar corsetEmergency immobilizationFracture femur-anywhereFracture femur-anywhereImmobilization of fingersCTEVRadial nerve palsyUlnar nerve palsyFoot dropVolkmann's ischaemic contracture (VIC)Neck immbilisationBrachial plexus injuryCervical spine injuryDorso-lumbar spinal injury braceDorso-lumbar immobilisationScoliosisScoliosisBackache
|
train
| null |
sciq
|
What is the diversity of living things called?
|
[
"biodiversity",
"habitat",
"adaptation",
"ecosystem"
] |
A
|
The diversity of living things is called biodiversity.
|
train
| null |
aqua_rat
|
Salad dressing P is made up of 30% vinegar and 70% oil, and salad dressing Q contains 10% vinegar and 90% oil. If the two dressings are combined to produce a salad dressing that is 22% vinegar, dressing P comprises what percentage of the new dressing?
|
[
"40%",
"50%",
"60%",
"75%"
] |
C
|
Let x be the percentage of dressing P in the new dressing.
0.3x + 0.1(1-x) = 0.22
0.2x = 0.12
x = 0.6 = 60%
The answer is D.
|
train
| null |
mmlu
|
In today's world of modern science and medicine, a more traditional treatment is once again becoming popular-animal friendship. It is now well-known that people with problems such as heart disease or cancer live longer and get better more quickly if they have pets. Keeping pets lowers blood pressure and makes people less worried. Animals are increasingly important in treating older people who have memory loss and other brain problems. These people often feel nervous and upset. Activities with animals help them improve their physical condition and also give them joy, entertainment and loving friendship. Here is a case that shows the benefits of animals. John was a six-year-old _ . He had no physical problems. He just refused to talk. His older cousin, Ned, had a parrot called Sally, and John used to visit it. When he arrived, Net used to say, "Hi, John!" We all know parrots copy what they hear. After a few visits, Sally began saying "Hi, John!" when John came into the room. Then, one day, John turned to the parrot and replied "Hi, Sally!" Staying with the parrot encouraged John to begin talking. Another use of animal helpers is in schools. In some cases, animals are used to help children with physical or personal problems. In other cases, they are used to teach children to get on and share with others, and even to teach them about animals. If you want to know more about animal helper programs, you can get in touch with organizations like Riding for the Disabled or do a search under "animal therapy" on the Internet. You don't have to be an animal trainer or a doctor to join in. What is the best title of this passage?
|
[
"Be kind to animals",
"Talking to animals",
"The most dangerous diseases",
"Get healthy with animal helpers"
] |
D
| null |
train
| |
mmlu
|
Before Christmas Mr Smith broke his right leg and had to stay in hospital. When he was there, he always asked his doctor when he could go home. He didn't like to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctor did his best, Mr Smith didn't get better. So on Christmas Day he was still in hospital. He spent a bad day in bed thinking that he missed a lot of fun on such a happy day. The next day the doctor told him that he might be well enough to leave hospital in time for the New Year. Mr Smith was very happy to think that he would spend New Year's Day outside hospital. Soon Mr Smith left hospital and on New Year's Eve he went to a party. He enjoyed himself there. But he drank too much. On his way home that night, he had a fall and broke his left leg. What a unlucky man he was! Mr Smith spent Christmas Day in hospital because _ .
|
[
"he like to",
"his wife told him to",
"he broke his right leg",
"he had to"
] |
C
| null |
train
| |
mmlu
|
CHICAGO (Reuters) - Smoking not only can wrinkle the face and turn it yellow -- it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday. The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body -- even skin protected from the sun. "We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement. "In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their report. The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was. When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wrote. Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light. The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels beneath the skin to constrict , reducing blood supply to the skin. Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs. The best title for this passage would be _ .
|
[
"The danger of smoking",
"Smoking causes skin aging",
"Quit smoking for health",
"A survey of smokers"
] |
B
| null |
train
| |
sciq
|
What does phagocytosis defend the body from?
|
[
"pathogens",
"allergies",
"parasites",
"obesity"
] |
A
|
4. State how phagocytosis helps defend the body from pathogens.
|
train
| null |
mmlu
|
There is a place where Christmas lives all year long. It is called Bronner's Christmas Wonderland in Frankenmuth, Michigan. The family-owned business calls itself the world's largest Christmas store. The late Wally Bronner started the business in 1945. Wayne Bronner, Wally's son, is president and CEO of what is now a multi-million dollar corporation. He learned the business from an early age. Some of his best memories are traveling to other countries with his father to find new products for the store. Bronner's sells more than 50,000 holiday products from 70 nations. Half of the products cost less than ten dollars. Wayne Bronner says the demand for small objects to hang on Christmas trees has expanded over the years. People spend more time, effort and money into decorating their homes with these ornaments, lights and religious scenes. Bronner's is famous for its nativity scenes which show the birth of Jesus Christ. Michigan has the nation's highest unemployment rate. Bronner's has been affected by the recession, too. But not in reduced sales. Wayne Bronner said: "Even though people are spending less, we're having more people visit here. And as a result we've actually had a sales increase." Bronner's success is also linked to community cooperation and investment. Frankenmuth is a town of 5,000 people in eastern Michigan's farm country. The town was settled by Bavarian Germans in the 1800s. It has kept its traditions alive in buildings and restaurants. Bavarian cultural themes and Bronner's huge store bring 3,000,000 visitors a year. The town is the most popular place for tourists in the state. Bronner's business is aimed at a single day of the year. But that is not too different from other businesses. "About half of our business is done in the last quarter of the year, in the last three months. And actually when you compare that with most retailers, that follows the same pattern." Wayne Bronner says the family's long-term planning and willingness to reinvest profits has developed the company into what it is today. Still, it does not hurt to build a business on a holiday which is celebrated worldwide. Currently, about only two percent of sales are overseas. But Wayne Bronner sees room for growth, especially through the Internet. Bronner's mainly sells _ .
|
[
"holiday products imported from foreign countries",
"festival ornaments made by themselves",
"festival ornaments during the summer and winter holidays",
"holiday products to tourists from foreign countries"
] |
A
| null |
train
| |
med_mcqa
|
Embryo term is used till:
|
[
"12 weeks after LMP",
"10 weeks after fertilization",
"10 weeks after LMP",
"8 weeks of fertilization"
] |
D
|
Ans. D 8 weeks of fertilizationRef: Duttas Obstetrics, 7th ed. pg. 41The prenatal period can be divided intoPeriodProduct (known as)Extends* Ovular/GerminalOvum1st 2 weeks after ovulation* EmbryonicEmbryoFrom fertilization (2nd week of gestation) to 8th week of development after fertilization (10th week AOG)* FetalFetusFrom 8th week of fertilization (10th week AOG) till delivery
|
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Challenge
|
Which is a chemical change?
|
[
"Element 1 is hammered into a thin sheet.",
"Element 2 is heated and turns into a liquid.",
"Element 3 turns a greenish color as it sits in air.",
"Element 4 is ground up into a fine, slippery powder."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
A student is measuring a liquid in a graduated cylinder. The student is not tall enough to read the measurement at eye level. Which of these is the best action for the student to take to read the measurement correctly?
|
[
"stand on a chair",
"estimate the amount",
"pour out some of the liquid until it is at eye level",
"move the graduated cylinder to a lower table"
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Challenge
|
Limestone is a sedimentary rock and marble is a metamorphic rock. Even though limestone and marble have the same chemical makeup, they are classified as different rocks because they
|
[
"were formed from different fossils",
"took different amounts of time to form",
"formed at different times",
"formed by different methods"
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
A science class investigated the percentage of corn kernels that pop in bags of different brands of popcorn. Fifteen students tested three brands of popcorn each and reported their results to the class. Why did the teacher most likely have so many students report the results?
|
[
"for more accurate results",
"for more student participation",
"to help simplify the procedure",
"to help explain the hypothesis"
] |
A
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Challenge
|
What is the most common element in a star such as the Sun?
|
[
"helium",
"oxygen",
"nitrogen",
"hydrogen"
] |
D
| null |
train
| null |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
In the past, wild hogs called "javelinas" were seen only in the southern part of New Mexico. Now, javelinas are seen in areas 100 miles further north. What is the most likely cause of this expansion?
|
[
"Javelinas are reproducing less frequently.",
"Environmental conditions have changed.",
"The javelina's genetic traits have mutated.",
"Nutritional requirements of javelinas have changed."
] |
B
| null |
train
| null |
mmlu
|
Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for controversial employee opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name. The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees. A June 11, 2006 New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses. Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student's background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum . Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students' lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet -- especially Facebook -- for student bad behavior. For example, a college in Boston's Back Bay expelled its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook. Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities, many regular users still fail to take there basic security precautions . First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second , regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled former associate. Thrid, never post obviously offensive material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .
|
[
"explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacy",
"discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself",
"propose steps Facebook, MySpace and Google can take to protect user privacy",
"illustrate potential unintended uses of private information"
] |
B
| null |
train
| |
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
|
When ice melts, it becomes a
|
[
"gas.",
"solid.",
"liquid.",
"plasma."
] |
C
| null |
train
| null |
med_mcqa
|
Excess of avidin causes deficiency of:
|
[
"Folate",
"Choline",
"Vitamin B12",
"Biotin"
] |
D
|
Excess consumption of raw eggs, which contains a protein 'avidin' - a biotin binding protein leads to biotin deficiency When cooked, avidin is paially denatured and its binding to biotin is reduced. So cooked egg whites are safe to consume.
|
train
| null |
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