wired connection not working under Ubuntu 10.04

(using Ubuntu 10.04 LTS on a netbook prior to any updates) The wireless works fine, the wired connection has been tested using a Windows computer. Choosing auto eth0 from the power manager fails. Using Wicd network manager - pressing connect to Wired Nework - 'connecting' Wired network: Obtaining IP address... - Connection Failed: Unable to Get IP Address               alex@alex-laptop:~$ ifconfig -a     eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:24:54:df:22:d5             inet6 addr: fe80::224:54ff:fedf:22d5/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:8558 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000            RX bytes:526280 (526.2 KB)  TX bytes:9564 (9.5 KB)           Interrupt:18       testing dhclient on eth0               alex@alex-laptop:~$ sudo dhclient eth0     [sudo] password for alex:      Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.3     Copyright 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium.     All rights reserved.     For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/          Listening on LPF/eth0/00:24:54:df:22:d5     Sending on   LPF/eth0/00:24:54:df:22:d5     Sending on   Socket/fallback     DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3     DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3     DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5     DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 13     DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8     DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 18     DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 11     No DHCPOFFERS received.     No working leases in persistent database - sleeping.      running dmesg                   alex@alex-laptop:~$ dmesg | grep eth0     [    1.092888] sky2 eth0: addr 00:24:54:df:22:d5     [   13.521498] sky2 eth0: enabling interface     [   13.522027] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready     [   15.036628] sky2 eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex, flow control rx     [   15.099270] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready     [   21.505203] sky2 eth0: disabling interface     [   21.516896] sky2 eth0: enabling interface     [   21.517394] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready     [   21.544054] sky2 eth0: disabling interface     [   21.573775] sky2 eth0: enabling interface     [   21.574326] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready     [   23.085959] sky2 eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex, flow control rx     [   23.086287] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready     [   33.488031] eth0: no IPv6 routers present     [   98.269052] sky2 eth0: disabling interface     [   98.289665] sky2 eth0: enabling interface     [   98.290176] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready     [   99.795289] sky2 eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex, flow control rx     [   99.795826] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready     [  110.272732] eth0: no IPv6 routers present     [  133.463522] sky2 eth0: Link is down.     [ 7748.854103] sky2 eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex, flow control rx      running ifup                   alex@alex-laptop:~$ sudo ifup eth0     [sudo] password for alex:      Ignoring unknown interface eth0=eth0.      running lspci                   alex@alex-laptop:~$ lspci | grep -i ethernet     09:00.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88E8040 PCI-E Fast Ethernet Controller     alex@alex-laptop:~$ lshw -c Network | driver     WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.     No command 'driver' found, did you mean:      Command 'drivel' from package 'drivel' (universe)     driver: command not found     alex@alex-laptop:~$ lshw -c Network | grep driver     WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.            configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.60.48.36 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11            configuration: broadcast=yes driver=sky2 driverversion=1.25 firmware=N/A latency=0 multicast=yes      running route                 alex@alex-laptop:/etc$ route     Kernel IP routing table     Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface     link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 pan0     link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1      I have seen advice to edit the `/etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf` file by putting a # infront of rfc3442 and save and restart, but this did not work. Then I tried adding to `/etc/network/interfaces` **auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp**. Originally the interfaces file was:               auto lo     iface lo inet loopback      which I edited to be:                auto lo     iface lo inet loopback          auto eth0     iface eth0 inet dhcp      and then removing network manager from start up, and after a reboot this also did not help. any ideas why the wired connection still does not work?


In Openbox, is it possible to execute a command in a matching window, or open a new one if no match exists?

Essentially, I'm looking for a way to keep one terminal open running tmux, and open new windows inside of the session rather than spawning new terminals. On pushing a key sequence, I'd like to open a new terminal if there isn't one open. But if there is one open already, I'd like to switch to its desktop if necessary and focus the window, then send the command. I found the documentation for the `If` action for windows and I was hoping there was a similar construct for global actions as well, but I'm not seeing it. Edit: Solution I ended up using a simplified version of jw013's script. The original script was written for a quake terminal effect, but what I wanted was simpler: not to toggle a terminal, but simply to always open a window in a single tmux terminal session. The key component which I was missing was `wmctrl`, which I hadn't heard of. Using jw013's script as a base, I simplified to:               # the variable name for the window (used in openbox rc.xml for the rule as well)     wmclass=tmux_terminal          # if we successfully focus the window then open a new tmux window inside     if wmctrl -a $wmclass -x; then       tmux new-window          # otherwise the window hasn't been opened.  open it and attach to tmux.     else       urxvt -name $wmclass -e tmux attach &     fi      I then bound this to `W-space` in openbox, and set up an application for `name=tmux_terminal` to open maximized on the 1st desktop. Now if the terminal is not opened, `W-space` will open it and attach to tmux, else, it will simply switch to the existing tmux session window and open a new window inside of it.


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Ok, I have some data in the form:                                    and I'd like to change it to:               5-cervna      4-cervna      3-cervna      19-kvetna       ie. extract the date from the link and prepend it to the link. Is there a nice way to do this with regular expressions, or with some nice bash script? The number of dashes is not always the same and it's not "cervna" all the time either. I've arrived to the following grep command which grabs the appropriate output, I just don't know how to paste it together with the original data:               grep -Po '[0-9]{1,2}-[[:alpha:]]*'


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I am looking for a software in Linux, that will add the album-art/cover to each of the selected files in batch-mode. The album art is a jpg/png stored in my computer. It will be awesome if it can import from internet. Currently I have tried both Rhythmbox and Banshee. I have also tried `lame` and `easytag`, but seems they do not support batch mode. `lame` is _not_ adding the properties, but overwriting. (I know lame is the _only_ command line s/w i have used so far). So, basically I am looking for:               <some magic s/w> --picture=<my chosen picture> Music/Artist/*.mp3      That will add the picture to the metadata of the file, permanently. Can you suggest me any such software?


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Sometimes I need to do some operational work in text mode and I need to setup internet connection from command line (without any networkmanager applet). (Please note: that when I run Window Manager, I have network connection immediately, thanks to NetworkManager applet.) When I list my connections and look for wired one:               # nmcli con | grep Wired     New Wired Connection      b15ffacf-a5c58-44af-b755-b30c6d52e53e   802-3-ethernet    Thu Dec 27 21:31:21 2012        I get `uuid` and with it it's easy:               nmcli con up uuid b15ffacf-a5c58-44af-b755-b30c6d52e53e eth0      If someone wants to automate stuff, it goes like this:               nmcli con up uuid "$( nmcli con | awk '/Wired/ {print $4}' )" eth0      It's correct and working solution, but I have a feeling that there must be more elegant way to "up" this "Wired" device. Could you suggest more elegant way ?


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CPU: ARM Cortex A-9 This is the kernel command line that I appears in configuration menu               root=mtd:jffs2 rw rootfstype=jffs2 console=ttyps0,115200      I have put three files in flash: BOOT.BIN in mtd0 image.ub in mtd2 jffs2 in mtd3 to program flash I used the following command:               flashcp -v jffs2 /dev/mtd3      from a running system (from SD). similarly I put Boot.bin (containing bootloader i.e uboot) and image.ub (kernel). I got rootfs.jffs2, but I renamed it to jffs2, since it was giving the errors. I checked both rootfs.jffs2 and jffs2, but while booting both are giving same errors.               [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.904 2014] List of all partitions:         [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.904 2014] No filesystem could mount root, tried:  jffs2         [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.904 2014] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on mtd:      In fact whether I put jffs2 file or not this error is coming. Is it right to just copy jffs2 file in flash in mtd3 partition or do I need to change its type before copying? How do I solve the issue? I got this jffs2 file after compiling the kernel (selected jffs2 file system in config instad of initramfs). The complete the log message is given below:               [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.650 2014]      [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.650 2014]      [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.650 2014] U-Boot 2013.07 (Apr 07 2014 - 13:23:59)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.650 2014]      [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.650 2014] Memory: ECC disabled     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.650 2014] DRAM:  1 GiB     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.662 2014] SF: Detected N25Q128A with page size 64 KiB, total 16 MiB     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.683 2014] In:    serial     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.683 2014] Out:   serial     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.683 2014] Err:   serial     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:30.683 2014] Hit any key to stop autoboot:  3  2  1  0      [Tue Apr 08 14:42:33.700 2014] boot Petalinux     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:33.700 2014] Unknown command 'mmcinfo' - try 'help'     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:33.700 2014] U-Boot-PetaLinux> run sfboot     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.437 2014] SF: Detected N25Q128A with page size 64 KiB, total 16 MiB     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014] SF: 1180352 bytes @ 0x520000 Read: OK     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014] ## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 01000000 ...     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]    Using 'conf@1' configuration     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]    Trying 'kernel@1' kernel subimage     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      Description:  PetaLinux Kernel     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      Type:         Kernel Image     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      Compression:  gzip compressed     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      Data Start:   0x010000f0     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      Data Size:    1167695 Bytes = 1.1 MiB     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      Architecture: ARM     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      OS:           Linux     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      Load Address: 0x00008000     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]      Entry Point:  0x00008000     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014]    Verifying Hash Integrity ... OK     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.650 2014] ## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 01000000 ...     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]    Using 'conf@1' configuration     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]    Trying 'fdt@1' fdt subimage     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Description:  Flattened Device Tree blob     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Type:         Flat Device Tree     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Compression:  uncompressed     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Data Start:   0x0111d2f0     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Data Size:    11179 Bytes = 10.9 KiB     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Architecture: ARM     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Hash algo:    crc32     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Hash value:   a7a92b47     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.695 2014]      Hash algo:    sha1     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.696 2014]      Hash value:   cd303b74749b464a852b236214414effa1b98cdc     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.696 2014]    Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.696 2014]    Booting using the fdt blob at 0x111d2f0     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.711 2014]    Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.787 2014]    Loading Device Tree to 07ffa000, end 07fffbaa ... OK     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.787 2014]      [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.787 2014] Starting kernel ...     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:37.787 2014]      [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.392 2014] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.392 2014] Linux version 3.8.11 (root@xilinx) (gcc version 4.7.3 (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2013.05-40) ) #15 SMP PREEMPT Mon Apr 7 15:07:38 IST 2014     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.392 2014] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=18c53c7d     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.392 2014] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.392 2014] Machine: Xilinx Zynq Platform, model: Xilinx-ZC702-14.7     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.392 2014] Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writealloc     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.392 2014] PERCPU: Embedded 7 pages/cpu @c0a7b000 s5568 r8192 d14912 u32768     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.392 2014] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 260096     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014] Kernel command line: root=mtd:jffs2 rw rootfstype=jffs2 console=ttyPS0,115200     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014] __ex_table already sorted, skipping sort     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014] Memory: 1024MB = 1024MB total     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014] Memory: 1036960k/1036960k available, 11616k reserved, 270336K highmem     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014] Virtual kernel memory layout:     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.437 2014]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]     fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]     vmalloc : 0xf0000000 - 0xff000000   ( 240 MB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xef800000   ( 760 MB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]     pkmap   : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000   (   2 MB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]     modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000   (  14 MB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]       .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0220d94   (2148 kB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]       .init : 0xc0221000 - 0xc023c5c0   ( 110 kB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]       .data : 0xc023e000 - 0xc025c060   ( 121 kB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014]        .bss : 0xc025c060 - 0xc026f3d8   (  77 kB)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.481 2014] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014]  RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=4 to nr_cpu_ids=2.     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] MIO pin 47 not assigned(00001220)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] xslcr mapped to f0002000     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] Zynq clock init     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] sched_clock: 16 bits at 54kHz, resolution 18432ns, wraps every 1207ms     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] ps7-ttc #0 at f0004000, irq=43     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] Console: colour dummy device 80x30     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] Calibrating delay loop... 1332.01 BogoMIPS (lpj=6660096)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] pid_max: default: 4096 minimum: 301     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.529 2014] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] Setting up static identity map for 0x1cb148 - 0x1cb17c     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] L310 cache controller enabled     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] l2x0: 8 ways, CACHE_ID 0x000000c0, AUX_CTRL 0x72360000, Cache size: 524288 B     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] CPU1: Booted secondary processor     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] Brought up 2 CPUs     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] SMP: Total of 2 processors activated (2664.03 BogoMIPS).     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] devtmpfs: initialized     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] NET: Registered protocol family 16     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.566 2014] xgpiops e000a000.ps7-gpio: gpio at 0xe000a000 mapped to 0xf004e000     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] GPIO IRQ not connected     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] XGpio: /amba@0/gpio@41220000: registered, base is 255     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] GPIO IRQ not connected     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] XGpio: /amba@0/gpio@41200000: registered, base is 251     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] usbcore: registered new device driver usb     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] Switching to clocksource xttcps_clocksource     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] e0001000.serial: ttyPS0 at MMIO 0xe0001000 (irq = 82) is a xuartps     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.611 2014] console [ttyPS0] enabled     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.632 2014] xdevcfg f8007000.ps7-dev-cfg: ioremap f8007000 to f0074000 with size 100     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] xqspips e000d000.ps7-qspi: master is unqueued, this is deprecated     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] spi spi32766.0: setup: unsupported mode bits 3     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] xqspips e000d000.ps7-qspi: can't setup spi32766.0, status -22     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] spi_master spi32766: spi_device register error /amba@0/ps7-qspi@e000d000/ps7-qspi@0     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] xqspips e000d000.ps7-qspi: at 0xE000D000 mapped to 0xF0076000, irq=51     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.655 2014] libphy: XEMACPS mii bus: probed     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.667 2014] xemacps e000b000.ps7-ethernet: invalid address, use assigned     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.667 2014] xemacps e000b000.ps7-ethernet: MAC updated 7e:e2:ec:c2:7d:ec     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.667 2014] xemacps e000b000.ps7-ethernet: pdev->id -1, baseaddr 0xe000b000, irq 54     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.677 2014] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.689 2014] ULPI transceiver vendor/product ID 0x0424/0x0007     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.689 2014] Found SMSC USB3320 ULPI transceiver.     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.689 2014] ULPI integrity check: passed.     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.699 2014] xusbps-ehci xusbps-ehci.0: Xilinx PS USB EHCI Host Controller     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.699 2014] xusbps-ehci xusbps-ehci.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.723 2014] xusbps-ehci xusbps-ehci.0: irq 53, io mem 0x00000000     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.743 2014] xusbps-ehci xusbps-ehci.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.753 2014] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.753 2014] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.763 2014] xi2cps e0004000.ps7-i2c: 400 kHz mmio e0004000 irq 57     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.772 2014] xadcps f8007100.ps7-xadc: enabled:   yes reference:  external     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.788 2014] xwdtps f8005000.ps7-wdt: Xilinx Watchdog Timer at f00ea000 with timeout 10s     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.788 2014] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.788 2014] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.788 2014] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.798 2014] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.798 2014] usbhid: USB HID core driver     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.798 2014] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] MTD: MTD device with name "jffs2" not found.     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] List of all partitions:     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] No filesystem could mount root, tried:  jffs2     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on mtd:jffs2     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] CPU1: stopping     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] Backtrace:      [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] Function entered at [<c0011094>] from [<c01c63e8>]     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014]  r6:c0246418 r5:00000000 r4:00000001 r3:60000193     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] Function entered at [<c01c63d0>] from [<c0011fbc>]     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] Function entered at [<c0011f78>] from [<c0012270>]     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014]  r4:c0247ef4 r3:c0011f78     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014] Function entered at [<c001220c>] from [<c00084e4>]     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.843 2014]  r5:ef07bf68 r4:f8f00100     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014] Function entered at [<c0008484>] from [<c000da00>]     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014] Exception stack(0xef07bf68 to 0xef07bfb0)     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014] bf60:                   c0a838d0 00000000 00000003 00000000 ef07a000 c01cd528     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014] bf80: ef07a000 c025c418 0000406a 413fc090 00000000 ef07bfbc ef07bfc0 ef07bfb0     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014] bfa0: c000e94c c000e950 60000113 ffffffff     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014]  r6:ffffffff r5:60000113 r4:c000e950 r3:c000e94c     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014] Function entered at [<c000e924>] from [<c000eacc>]     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014] Function entered at [<c000ea40>] from [<c01c41e8>]     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014]  r5:00000001 r4:c024cf68     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.887 2014] Function entered at [<c01c40f8>] from [<001c37a8>]     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.904 2014]  r6:10c03c7d r5:00000015 r4:2f06406a r3:c01c3790     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.904 2014] List of all partitions:     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.904 2014] No filesystem could mount root, tried:  jffs2     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.904 2014] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on mtd:      Also here is my u-boot variables:               U-Boot-PetaLinux> printenv     autoload=no     baudrate=115200     bootcmd=setenv var "if test ${dtbsize} -le 0; then run sdboot; else run dtbboot; fi"; run var; setenv var     bootdelay=3     bootenvsize=0x00020000     bootenvstart=0x00500000     bootfile=image.ub     bootsize=0x00500000     bootstart=0x00000000     clobstart=0x1000000     console=console=ttyPS0,115200     cp_dtb2ram=sf probe 0; sf read ${clobstart} ${dtbstart} ${dtbsize}     dtbboot=sf probe 0; sf read ${netstart} ${kernstart} ${kernsize}; sf read ${dtbnetstart} ${dtbstart} ${dtbsize}; bootm ${netstart} - ${dtbnetstart}     dtbnetboot=tftp ${netstart} image.ub; tftp ${dtbnetstart} system.dtb; bootm ${netstart} - ${dtbnetstart}     dtbnetstart=0x11202c0     eraseconf=sf probe 0; sf erase ${confstart} ${confsize}     eraseenv=sf probe 0; sf erase ${bootenvstart} ${bootenvsize}     ethaddr=00:0a:35:00:75:11     fault=echo $img image size is greater than allocated place - $img is NOT UPDATED     get_dtb=run cp_dtb2ram; fdt addr ${clobstart}     hostname="Xilinx-ZC702-2013.3"     install_dtb=sf probe 0; sf erase ${dtbstart} ${dtbsize};sf write ${clobstart} ${dtbstart} ${filesize}     install_jffs2=sf probe 0; sf erase ${jffs2start} ${jffs2size};sf write ${clobstart} ${jffs2start} ${filesize}     install_kernel=sf probe 0; sf erase ${kernstart} ${kernsize};sf write ${fileaddr} ${kernstart} ${filesize}     install_uboot=sf probe 0; sf erase ${bootstart} ${bootsize};sf write ${clobstart} ${bootstart} ${filesize}     kernsize=0x001202c0     kernstart=0x00520000     load_boot=tftp ${clobstart} BOOT.BIN     load_dtb=tftp ${clobstart} system.dtb     load_jffs2=tftp ${clobstart} rootfs.jffs2     load_kernel=tftp ${clobstart} image.ub     loadaddr=0x1000000     mtdids=nor0=0     mtdparts=mtdparts=0:5M<boot>,128K<bootenv>,1216K<iamge>,5M<jffs2>     netboot=tftp ${netstart} image.ub && bootm     netstart=0x1000000     psserial0=setenv stdout ttyPS0;setenv stdin ttyPS0     sd_update_boot=echo Updating BOOT from SD;mmcinfo && fatload mmc 0:1 ${clobstart} BOOT.BIN && run install_uboot     sd_update_kernel=echo Updating Kernel from SD;mmcinfo && fatload mmc 0:1 ${clobstart} ${bootfile}&& set fileaddr ${clobstart}&&run install_kernel     sdboot=echo boot Petalinux; mmcinfo && fatload mmc 0 ${netstart} ${bootfile}&& bootm     serial=setenv stdout serial;setenv stdin serial     serverip=192.168.1.7     sfboot=sf probe 0; sf read ${netstart} ${kernstart} ${kernsize}; bootm ${netstart}     test_crc=if imi ${clobstart}; then run test_img; else echo $img Bad CRC - $img is NOT UPDATED; fi     test_img=setenv var "if test ${filesize} -gt ${psize}; then run fault; else run ${installcmd}; fi"; run var; setenv var     update_boot=setenv img BOOT.BIN; setenv psize ${bootsize}; setenv installcmd install_uboot; run load_boot test_img; setenv img; setenv psize; setenv installcmd     update_dtb=setenv img DTB; setenv psize ${dtbsize}; setenv installcmd install_dtb; run load_dtb test_img; setenv img     update_jffs2=setenv img JFFS2; setenv psize ${jffs2size}; setenv installcmd install_jffs2; run load_jffs2 test_img; setenv img; setenv psize; setenv installcmd     update_kernel=setenv img KERNEL; setenv psize ${kernsize}; setenv installcmd "install_kernel"; run load_kernel test_crc; setenv img; setenv psize; setenv installcmd          Environment size: 3195/131068 bytes     U-Boot-PetaLinux>      Another thing which is wrong and coming in log messages:               [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] xqspips e000d000.ps7-qspi: master is unqueued, this is deprecated     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] spi spi32766.0: setup: unsupported mode bits 3     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] xqspips e000d000.ps7-qspi: can't setup spi32766.0, status -22     [Tue Apr 08 14:42:38.647 2014] spi_master spi32766: spi_device register error /amba@0/ps7-qspi@e000d000/ps7-qspi@0      Just to remind you I am booting from qspi flash with mode 3.


Alt +Tab behaviour in Gnome

It may be a silly question but in Windows I used `Shift``Alt``Tab` to switch back between my open windows, that is go back to previous windows. Unfortunately, it is not working in Gnome. I have even used `Alt``Tab``Left` but with no success. So how can I do the same in Gnome on RHEL6?


copy files from one path to another path in linux

I am new to linux. I am trying to copy files from one path to another path. I have a text file which has all names of files in the following pattern:               file-1.txt     file-2.pdf     file-3.ppt     ....      I created a `.sh` file with the following code:                #!/bin/bash     file=`cat filenames.txt`;     fromPath='/root/Backup/upload/';     toPath='/root/Desktop/custom/upload/';     for i in $file;     do      filePath=$fromPath$i      #echo $filePath      if [ -e $filePath ];      then        echo $filePath        yes | cp -rf $filePath $toPath      else        echo 'no files'      fi     done      The above code is copying only the last file name from the text instead of all to the destination path. Please help.


How to debug MPI timing problems

While running Gromacs benchmarks in different setups (intra-node vs 2, 3, and 4 nodes connected with Infiniband), we have noticed severe performance degradation. In order to investigate, we have created a test program that uses `MPI_Alltoall()` to transfer data packages of various sizes (4 bytes to 2 MB) among all nodes. Both the internal timings of the test program and statistics gathered from IntelMPI's `I_MPI_STATS` facility show the same pattern: for small amounts of data, the resulting bandwidth is acceptable, whereas for larger payloads, behaviour becomes erratic: some of the transfers take extremely long (about 2.15 seconds), so average performance collapses. These very long delays seem to be occurring stochastically, so they may be absent or small sample sizes (e.g. 100 transfers per payload size). Here is some sample data taken with 4 nodes at 1000 transfers per size:               #           Message size    Call count  Min time    Avr time    Max time    Total time          Alltoall     1           2097152         1000        5649.09     13420.98    2152225.97  13420980.69     2           1048576         1000        2874.85     13000.87    2151684.05  13000867.13     3           524288          1000        1404.05     8484.15     2149509.91  8484153.99     4           262144          1000        719.07      5308.87     2148617.98  5308866.74     5           131072          1000        364.78      9223.77     2148303.99  9223767.04     6           65536           1000        206.95      5124.41     2147943.97  5124409.44     7           32768           1000        120.88      12562.09    2147678.85  12562089.68     8           16384           1000        36.00       57.03       93.94       57034.25     9           8192            1000        22.89       34.80       103.00      34803.87      We are using QDR Infiniband via an unmanaged switch, and IntelMPI 4.0.3. I have tried to check with MPI out of the way by setting up a ring-like transfer (node1 -> node2 -> node3 -> node4 -> node1) with ib_send_bw, but did not observe any problematic behaviour:               #bytes     #iterations    BW peak[MB/sec]    BW average[MB/sec]     16384      10000           1202.93            1202.91     32768      10000           1408.94            1367.46     65536      10000           1196.71            1195.85     131072     10000           1195.68            1180.71     262144     10000           1197.27            1167.45     524288     10000           1162.94            1154.15     1048576    10000           1184.48            1151.31     2097152    10000           1163.39            1143.60     4194304    10000           1157.77            1141.84     8388608    10000           1141.23            1138.36      My question: is there any way to look deeper into this to find out what the root cause of the problem is? I have already looked through the IntelMPI reference manual, but not seen anything helpful except for `I_MPI_STATS`.


Fedora auto suspend

I am using Fedora 13 and for shutting down and rebooting automatically, we have the following commands:               # shutdown -h/-r now       Similarly, if I want to make my system go into suspend mode after sometime, what command should I use?


Configure add-to-tranmission-daemon-action in firefox?

How do I configure firefox such that a clicked bittorent link is automatically added to a transmission daemon that runs on a remote machine? The transmission daemon is available via ssh/transmission-remote-control port. I can easily instruct firefox to open a torrent file with a shell script of my choice but then firefox downloads the torrent file to `/var/tmp` and supplies the temporary file path to the script. This is not exactly what I want - I need firefox to just call the shell script and supply the (original) URL as parameter. Bonus points for a setup where firefox even gives feedback in case the shell script's exit status is unequal 0. (I am mentioning shell scripts here, but don't hesitate other scripting solutions if they are more convenient for that purpose)


meaning of capital S in long ls output

What does this long listing mean?               $> ls -l developer.haml      -rw-rwSr-- 1 humon apache ...... I know what a usual listing means and I know all about what it means to be read 'r', write 'w', and executable 'x'. But what is 'S'?


nm-applet not showing until NetworkManager restart in GNOME 3

I have recently installed Arch Linux and GNOME 3 on my new laptop and have a problem whereby **`nm-applet`** is not showing in **`gnome-panel`** , unless I manually restart the NetworkManager daemon.


weird bug with xfce4: menu panel font very small

I am using debian wheezy with xfce4. With some applications I am experiencing a weird phenomena: The menu panel sometimes has a very tiny font (see Picture). This doesn't happen every time and only with some applications. I noticed it with `git gui` and `ocular`. Why is this happening and what can I do about it? ![Note the tiny font of the menu compared with the window title \(arrows\)](http://i.stack.imgur.com/bKMJV.jpg)


weird output when typing letter c in shell (non english input)

I had keyboard set to Georgian language input. Forgot to switch it back to English and typed letter c in shell. c = ც english c key is mapped to georgian letter ც - if this makes any difference. Output baffles me... What is this?![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Yo9Zo.png) high res image: http://s27.postimg.org/4uv9crivn/Screen_Shot_2014_04_24_at_12_30_13.png Target server is ubuntu server 12.04lts. UPDATE AS suggested I tried to run `type ც` but when I hit c or copy paste letter ც I get "type .bash_history .bash_logout .bashrc .cache .config .mysql_history .profile .rnd .selected_editor .ssh .subversion .vim .viminfo" This is how it looks: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/QnS8t.png) locale produces:               sandro@vps:~$ locale     LANG=     LANGUAGE=     LC_CTYPE="POSIX"     LC_NUMERIC="POSIX"     LC_TIME="POSIX"     LC_COLLATE="POSIX"     LC_MONETARY="POSIX"     LC_MESSAGES="POSIX"     LC_PAPER="POSIX"     LC_NAME="POSIX"     LC_ADDRESS="POSIX"     LC_TELEPHONE="POSIX"     LC_MEASUREMENT="POSIX"     LC_IDENTIFICATION="POSIX"     LC_ALL=


How can I preview the GRUB2 boot screen?

I've been reading a tutorial that shows how to set the background image that will be displayed behind the GRUB2 boot options menu. However, I am concerned that the text might not be visible against the image I've chosen. How can I preview what the screen will look like, without having to restart the computer?


FTP and iptables. Connection fails but ports are open

I installed proftp on my machine. With iptables disabled I can connect to the machine, using ftp-client or telnet.   With iptables connection fails - telnet says "Connection failed"                 # works     telnet 192.10.10.11 22           # connection failed     telnet 192.19.10.11 20     telnet 192.19.10.11 21      I found this topic, but it did not help. Since I do open the Ports 22 and 21,20 the same way they should all be accessable through telnet? But 22 works and 21,20 fail. Any ideas why this happens? `sudo iptables -L -v`                Chain INPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)      pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         0     0 ACCEPT     all  --  lo     any     anywhere             anywhere       100  7136 ACCEPT     tcp  --  any    any     anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:ssh         3   152 ACCEPT     tcp  --  any    any     anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:ftp         0     0 ACCEPT     tcp  --  any    any     anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpts:1010:1012       586 78898 ACCEPT     udp  --  eth0   any     anywhere             anywhere             udp dpt:openvpn         0     0 ACCEPT     all  --  tun+   any     anywhere             anywhere       348 22567 ACCEPT     all  --  tap+   any     anywhere             anywhere        69 10294 DROP       all  --  any    any     anywhere             anywhere          Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)      pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination          Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)      pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         0     0 ACCEPT     all  --  any    lo      anywhere             anywhere        95 11028 ACCEPT     tcp  --  any    any     anywhere             anywhere             tcp spt:ssh         0     0 ACCEPT     tcp  --  any    any     anywhere             anywhere             tcp spt:ftp-data       354 55626 ACCEPT     udp  --  any    eth0    anywhere             anywhere             udp dpt:openvpn         0     0 ACCEPT     all  --  any    tun+    anywhere             anywhere       353 26295 ACCEPT     all  --  any    tap+    anywhere             anywhere         4   392 DROP       all  --  any    any     anywhere             anywhere      `iptables configurations:`               #!/bin/sh          # Flushing all rules     iptables -F     iptables -X          # Setting default filter policy     iptables -P INPUT DROP     iptables -P OUTPUT DROP     iptables -P FORWARD DROP          # Allow unlimited traffic on loopback     iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT     iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT          # Allow ssh on Port 22     iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT     iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT                    # Ports for FTP          #Allowing FTP Connections, including passive ports. (proftpd)     sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT          # Allowing FTP Connections in active mode, where Data are passed through Port 20     sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 20 -j ACCEPT          # Allowing Ports for Passive Mode connection, where Data is passed through ports     sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1010:1012 -j ACCEPT                         # allow connection via 1194 so that openVpn can use the network adapter     iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT     iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT     # allow connections via openVPN tun and tap interfaces     iptables -A INPUT -i tun+ -j ACCEPT     iptables -A OUTPUT -o tun+ -j ACCEPT     iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT     iptables -A OUTPUT -o tap+ -j ACCEPT               # make sure nothing else comes or goes out of this box     iptables -A INPUT -j DROP     iptables -A OUTPUT -j DROP


Unmet Dependencies and sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code(1) error in DEBIAN

I'm trying to install desktop environment on Debian in VM gnome:                 apt-get install gnome-desktop-environment      Throws Error:                Reading package lists.. Done      Building dependency tree      Reading state information.. Done      You might want to run 'apt-get-f install' to correct these;      The following packages have unmet Dependencies:      gnome-desktop-environment : Depends: gnome(>=1:3.4+7+deb7u1) but it is not going to be installed       liblouis2 : Depends: liblouis-data but it is not going to be installed       python-pyatspi2 : Depends: python-pyatspi(=2.5.3+dfsg-3) but it is not going to be installed       tracker-gui: Depends: tracker(=0.14.1-3) but it is not going to be installed       E:Unmet dependencies. Try apt-get install with no packages(or specify a solution).      Then tried this code               apt-get -f install       Errors were encountered while processing                  /var/cache/apt/archives/tracker_0.14.1-3_amd64.deb        /var/cache/apt/archives/liblouis-data_2.4.1-1_all.deb        /var/cache/apt/archives/libatk-adapter_2.5.3-2_amd64.deb        /var/cache/apt/archives/libgail-common_2.24.10-2_amd64.deb        /var/cache/apt/archives/python-pyatspi_2.5.3+dfsg-3_all.deb      E: sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code(1)       And also i have tried below code but failed                    # apt-get install aptitude tasksel          # tasksel install gnome-desktop --new-install


How to find 3G signal strength when connection is already established by pppd?

I want signal strength information when pppd connection is already running. I am running pppd on embedded Linux environment and 3g modem manufactured Cinterion. I knew commands from which i am able to know signal strength but when my pppd connection is running it will block /dev/ttyUSB and because of that i am not able to find signal strength information. Need further more information please tell me. Thanks in Advance, Ravi Bhuva.


Having multi lines in bash command substitution

I have a very long bash command inside a command substitution like following:               $( comaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaand )      I want to know if there is a way to break this command into shorter lines for the sake of readability like following:               $( com         aaaaaaaaaaaaaa        aaaaaaaaaaaaaa        nd )


Is there a way to prevent emerge --sync from deleting files from the portage tree?

Although `PORTAGE_RSYNC_OPTS`, a `make.conf` option, allows one to change the rsync options but removing `\--delete` from it causes `emerge` to fail. I think with it remarking about missing md5-cache entries or such. I would like to keep the old ebuild files for a bit longer than the upstream portage tree does.


Howto copy and text from termial to (GTK-)emacs?

If I select text in my terminal (in my case `urxvt`) and then click with the middle mouse button into an emacs window (GTK), it pastes the selected text from terminal. Since I don't want this behaviour for the middle mouse button I usually add this to my `.emacs` file:               (define-key global-map [mouse-2] nil)      However then I am not able to paste text from a terminal at all. So how can I fix this (for example that a selection from a terminal is inserted by `C-y`)? This worked in my old box but since upgrading to ubuntu 13.10 and emacs24 it doesn't. So it must be possible, but I don't know how to.


How to delete older files in a folder in unix?

Can anyone help me find the meaning of the below statement? I am new to Unix programming.               find /sourcedirectory -mtime +2 -exec mv "{}" /destination/directory/ \;


Giving www-data permision to Dropbox subfolder?

I want to give my website the permission to read files & folders from a Dropbox subfolder. I _think_ I have added the correct permissions, but I can't get the `www-data` user to get access to the folders.               $ cd /home/edent/Dropbox     $ ls -la     total 9944     drwxrwxr-x    6 edent edent       4096 Aug 14  2012 .     drwx------   67 edent edent      20480 Feb 27 09:11 ..     drwxrwxr-x+ 772 edent www-data  118784 Jan 29 20:45 Foo     drwxrwxr-x    4 edent edent       4096 Aug 14  2012 Bar      All the sub-folders and files of `Foo` are also `drwxrwxr-x+ edent www-data` So, I switch to the user `www-data` but it doesn't have permission to access those files and folders!               $ sudo su www-data     $ groups     www-data     $ id     uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)     $ cd /home/edent/Dropbox/Foo     sh: 3: cd: can't cd to /home/edent/Dropbox/Foo      However, if I **start** in `/home/edent/Dropbox/Foo` I can access files but _not_ directories.               $ cd ~/Dropbox/Foo/     $ sudo su www-data     $ ls     (file listing)     $ tail example.txt     (file displayed)     $ cd Bar/     sh: 4: cd: can't cd to Bar      What am I doing wrong? All I want is for Apache to access a limited set of folders - I don't want to open up my entire filesystem.


File monitoring to pre-empt hacker

We have a hacker occasionally attempting to hack a site, and so far unsuccessful, but I would like a way to determine if the site has been compromised (i.e., files edited). The type of attacks are LFI and attempting to inject iFrames in some source files. What can I install on my Debian server to alert me via an e-mail if certain files or directories are modified?


Completely Backing Up Linux Installation

I come from Windows, and I've been getting into Linux a little bit lately. Trying to make that my default OS for now. I've wanted to try out a couple different flavors of Linux. I spent probably a week getting Ubuntu to fully work correctly with drivers and all that and that is what I'm running right now. What I want to do is wipe out my Ubuntu installation and try some Fedora 15. I also come from the Android world where you boot into recovery, do a complete backup of everything, wipe it and flash something else and play around with it, and if you don't like it you restore your backup from before. Is there anything similar? So just in case I don't stick with Fedora I can reload my Ubuntu and not have to spend another week setting it up.


Debugging Java program for changing timezone configuration file on Ubuntu

Here is a ruby script I wrote to change the timezone configuration on Ubuntu. I run it with **jruby** (a Ruby interpreter running in a JVM).               require 'java'          if ARGV.length == 0       puts "Usage: jruby change_timezone.rb America/Toronto"       exit     end          old_zone = File.read("../../../etc/timezone")     puts old_zone     time1 = Time.now     puts "Current Time:"+time1.localtime.to_s          new_zone = ARGV[0]     open('../../../etc/timezone','w') do |f|       f.puts new_zone.to_s       f.close     end          new_zone = File.read("../../../etc/timezone")     puts new_zone     time2 = Time.now     puts "Updated Time:"+time2.localtime.to_s      It does change the configuration file properly. However, the output for the script is not as expected. Assume the default value for the timezone is `America/Toronto`. When I run the command `jruby change_timezone.rb Asia/Chongqing`, the output is:               America/Toronto     Current Time:Thu Jul 07 14:43:23 -0400 2011     Asia/Chongqing     Updated Time:Thu Jul 07 14:43:23 -0400 2011 (My Note: +0800 expected!!!)      Continuing with the command `jruby change_timezone.rb Europe/Amsterdam`, I end up with the following:               Asia/Chongqing     Current Time:Fri Jul 08 03:18:25 +0800 2011 (My Note: it actually got updated from last run!!!)     Europe/Amsterdam     Updated Time:Fri Jul 08 03:18:25 +0800 2011 (My Note: +0200 expected!!!)      Going further with `jruby change_timezone.rb Europe/Amsterdam` again, I get the following:               Europe/Amsterdam     Current Time:Thu Jul 07 21:21:27 +0200 2011     Europe/Amsterdam     Updated Time:Thu Jul 07 21:21:27 +0200 2011      Can someone figure out why it didn't work as expected?


CUPS: problem with color printing

I have two Debian machines, one has `CUPS` set up and I can print on my color printer, everything works fine. The other machine is new. I want to set up `CUPS` exactly same as on the first machine. I have simply copied the whole directory `/etc/cups/` from the first machine to the second, including the `.ppd` file for the color printer. However, when I print from the second machine on the color printer, it only prints black/white, instead of color. From the first machine, I can print color fine. But all the settings are the same (`.ppd` file is the same) Is it possible I need to install some additional package, to be able to print color ? This is my `/etc/cups/printers.conf`:               <DefaultPrinter XE_WC7346>     AuthInfoRequired none     Info Xerox WorkCentre 7346     Location C45     DeviceURI ipp://192.198.1.23/printers/XE_WC7346     State Idle     StateTime 1382368451     Reason media-low-report     Reason toner-low-report     Type 0     Accepting Yes     Shared No     JobSheets none none     QuotaPeriod 0     PageLimit 0     KLimit 0     OpPolicy default     ErrorPolicy stop-printer     </Printer>


Mutt: how to safely store password?

My .muttrc file looks something like this one or see below a glimpse. I am hesitant with the password. How should I store my password to use it with `mutt`?               set imap_user = "username@gmail.com"     set imap_pass = "password"          set smtp_url = "smtp://username@smtp.gmail.com:587/"     set smtp_pass = "password"     set from = "username@gmail.com"     set realname = "Your Real Name"


Kali linux dual boot with win 8 64 bit is not working

I have Windows 8 64-bit installed on my Lenovo Ideapad. I tried to install Kali Linux to dual boot with Windows by downloading Kali Linux 1.0.5 32-Bit ISO and then burning it into my USB stick using LinuxLive USB Creator 2.8.27. But when I tried to run the USB stick, it throws an error `You are running 32 bit version of image into 64 bit` which is completely correct. After this, I downloaded Kali Linux 1.0.5 64-Bit and followed the same procedure but this time I am getting this error: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ADKEh.png) Is it possible to install Kali Linux to dual boot with Windows 8 64-bit? If yes, then which version of Kali Linux is supported?


LVM RAID 1 for root

I have LVM RAID 1 (not mdadm RAID 1, but exactly LVM2 RAID 1) for my root partition. I would like to make my system boot without either of the HDDs where the underlying PVs of the root LVM partition reside. The kernel launch line in grub.cfg (automatically generated by GRUB2) looks like:               linux   /kernel-genkernel-x86-3.11.7-hardened-r1-3 root=/dev/mapper/vg-root ro dolvm      It looks perfectly with both disks enabled and the system is HDD fault- tolerant runtime, i.e. it works properly if either of HDDs are down during runtime. However, if I try to boot without one of HDDs, I am getting               Refusing activation of partial LV root. Use --partial to override.      during boot and kernel panic. From one side it seems reasonable since it's not a normal behavior for lvm to launch when one of PV is absent. However, it's absolutely necessary in order to boot server. The potential workaround I can think of is adding some additional option to kernel launch line. Do you know how to make the LVM RAID 1 work for root partition when on of HDDs does not work?


controlling module loading order using a shell script or systemd(fedora) service?

Using Ubuntu 12.04 with systemd(default). I have a broadcom 4312 wireless card which needs "wl" driver and broadcom NIC which uses "b44" "ssb" modules. now, the problem is, at boot the wireless card is not functioning. for that, I have to remove all related modules viz. wl,b44,ssb etc. later, If I modprobe wl;modprobe b44 - both the devices(Wireless and NIC) works fine. So, How can I modify the kernel module loading sequence such that "wl" loads first followed by "b44"? Is it worth using /etc/modprobe.d/aliases.conf adding aliases to the modules? **or** run a shell script that essentially runs **at the end of startup** running commands:               modprobe -r wl b44 ssb     wait 5 (to complete)     modprobe wl      wait 2     modprobe b44       I have no idea to write a systemd or autostart script. if a script works, that is the best option.


What would be the best way to work around this glibc problem?

I administer a Gentoo Hardened box that uses file capabilities to eliminate most of the need for setuid-root binaries (e.g. `/bin/ping` has CAP_NET_RAW, etc). Infact, the only binary I have left is this one:               abraxas ~ # find / -xdev -type f -perm -u=s     /usr/lib64/misc/glibc/pt_chown     abraxas ~ #       If I remove the setuid bit, or remount my root filesystem `nosuid`, sshd and GNU Screen stop working, because they call `grantpt(3)` on their master pesudoterminals and glibc apparently executes this program to chown and chmod the slave pseudoterminal under `/dev/pts/`, and GNU Screen cares about when this function fails. The problem is, the manpage for `grantpt(3)` explicitly states that under Linux, with the `devpts` filesystem mounted, no such helper binary is required; the kernel will automatically set the UID & GID of the slave to the real UID & GID of the process that opened `/dev/ptmx` (by calling `getpt(3)`). I have written a small example program to demonstrate this:               #include <string.h>     #include <sys/types.h>     #include <sys/stat.h>     #include <stdlib.h>     #include <stdio.h>     #include <unistd.h>     int main(void)     {         int master;         char slave[16];         struct stat slavestat;         if ((master = getpt()) < 0) {             fprintf(stderr, "getpt: %m\n");             return 1;         }         printf("Opened a UNIX98 master terminal, fd = %d\n", master);         /* I am not going to call grantpt() because I am trying to          * demonstrate that it is not necessary with devpts mounted,          * the owners and mode will be set automatically by the kernel.          */         if (unlockpt(master) < 0) {             fprintf(stderr, "unlockpt: %m\n");             return 2;         }         memset(slave, 0, sizeof(slave));         if (ptsname_r(master, slave, sizeof(slave)) < 0) {             fprintf(stderr, "ptsname: %m\n");             return 2;         }         printf("Device name of slave pseudoterminal: %s\n", slave);         if (stat(slave, &slavestat) < 0) {             fprintf(stderr, "stat: %m\n");             return 3;         }         printf("Information for device %s:\n", slave);         printf("    Owner UID:  %d\n", slavestat.st_uid);         printf("    Owner GID:  %d\n", slavestat.st_gid);         printf("    Octal mode: %04o\n", slavestat.st_mode & 00007777);         return 0;     }      Observe it in action with the setuid bit on the aforementioned program removed:               aaron@abraxas ~ $ id     uid=1000(aaron) gid=100(users) groups=100(users)     aaron@abraxas ~ $ ./ptytest      Opened a UNIX98 master terminal, fd = 3     Device name of slave pseudoterminal: /dev/pts/17     Information for device /dev/pts/17:         Owner UID:  1000         Owner GID:  100         Octal mode: 0620      I have only a few ideas as to how to work around this problem: 1) Replace the program with a skeleton that simply returns 0. 2) Patch grantpt() in my libc to do nothing. I can automate both of these, but does anyone have a recommendation for one over the other, or recommendations for how else to solve this? Once this is solved, I can finally `mount -o remount,nosuid /`.


Visually displaying keyboard layouts of X.org? / Also: where do X.org keyboard layouts came from?

I'd like to visually see how some of the keyboard layouts in X.org look like, as an example in Windows I can see them with a program called Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator or even on Wikipedia. Additionally, from where the layouts to X.org came from? some of them (namely: US International) are very different from their Windows counterparts. Edit: I would like to see all the possibilities with Ctrl, Shift, AltGr, etc., like in [Wikipedia's Keyboard layout page](insert link who has more reputation): (insert image of US International layout who has more reputation)


viewing variable values in a KSH script

I am using a KSH script that creates numerous variables from fairly complex code. What command can I place in the script to view the value of these variables as they are created? Would ECHO be the correct command, in a line like **echo variable is $variable_name**?


"Live" Processor hang under Ubuntu 11.10, how to diagnose/fix?

We recently upgraded to Ubuntu 11.10 on a virtual server. Since the upgrade, the server will periodically "hang" with processor use at zero (according to monitoring). Monit is still running and sending out notifications, cron will restart Apache etc., but we cannot ssh into the box and http does not start. Can anyone give pointers to where to start? Thanks!


Unix sort out of memory

I'm sorting a 25 GB file containing 200M lines on Fedora 18 using: sort -S 10G -T /bigdisk bigfile and I am getting process killed due to no memory. The process isn't maxing out my RAM before death (12 GB free) and disk space is ok. Any suggestions as to the cause appreciated. I'm sure sort can manage this due to its partitioning and merge. More info from dmesg               [87278.935572] Out of memory: Kill process 1971 (sort) score 258 or sacrifice child     [87278.935574] Killed process 1971 (sort) total-vm:4512168kB, anon-rss:4237040kB, file-rss:584kB


Why have a fake LR-WPAN driver?

In the Linux kernel configuration, a fake LR-WPAN driver can be enabled and added to the kernel that will be compiled. Why would someone want a fake LR- WPAN driver? I assume it would be for debugging, but I do not want to only assume. The documentation and Google do not appear to have an answer.


What is the smallest possible Linux implementation?

What are the bare minimum components for a Linux OS to be functional, and that I can use as a base to expand and improve as I learn Linux and my understanding and needs grow?


Fully seperate two accounts without installing seperate operating systems?

Our class is finally installing Mint Linux on our machines. The problem is our teacher is scared that we'll play war games against the two classes that use the computers. His solution is to install two separate operating systems due to that fact that we will need sudo ability but he doesn't want us to be able to break the OS for the other person (by either playing war games or by making mistakes) his solution is to install two separate operating systems yet I dislike this idea for a couple of reasons. First we have MBR so that limits the number of partitions and second it's just annoying because since they are both Mint Linux we'll choose the wrong one a good deal of the time. Anyone know of a way of separating the two operating systems so one person can't screw it up for the other. I'm less worried that we'll play war games because we could do this with the separate partitions and because it's less important. Anyone have any ideas? I was thinking of limiting the power a user has while still allowing them to use root however this could cause problems later on. The teacher wants to control the root account of course.


Iptables port forwarding to qemu vm

Is it possible to create an IPtables rule that forwards all incoming traffic on port 80 on the host to port 80 of the qemu VM? Is such a scenario possible with qemu?


Reassign users to a single group

Right now one of our server is setup such that all users are in their own group. Is it possible to reassign them to a single group and then allow each user READ only access to other user's directories? Any quick commands to do this for many users?


Debian - Boot from USB

I currently have Debian 7.0 installed on my laptop (HP Pavilion dv9700). I would now like to install Arch instead. I wrote the Arch ISO to a USB drive, but when I start up my computer, it automatically loads to Debian. I tried changing the boot order in the BIOS, but that didn't help, and there doesn't seem to be an option in the BIOS (PhoenixBIOS Setup Utility) to simply choose media to boot from. When setting USB Disk or USB diskette on key as the highest priority for booting, get the message "Remove disks or other media. Press any key to restart", which brings me to the GRUB loader when I remove the usb and press any key. I found this which is for booting Xubuntu while having Ubuntu installed, but I don't know how I'd apply that to Arch and Debian. How would I go about booting from the USB?


Header function with increasing number in bash

I would like to have a function in bash that I can use in some install scripts to announce that the next paragraph is starting. A simple solution (with colors) would be               headline(){       echo -e "\e[1;34m###########################################"       echo -e "##########  \e[1;37m$*"       echo -e "\e[1;34m###########################################\e[0m"     }      But How do I add an increasing number in it?


I want to run one sysvinit script before another and figured out how to do that. To make sure, this actually happens in the the order I like, I would like to see a list, in which order that happens. I found `sudo insserv --showall` already, but can't make head or tail of it, since it lists init scripts multiple times. How to find out in which order /etc/init.d scripts are load on Debian?


RAID-1 mirror has become a single hard disk

I have an HP N40L microserver, with 2 identical drives, I used the system to hardware-RAID them as a mirror. I then installed mint on the system about a year ago. This has been running perfectly, updating, etc. until I upgraded to Mint 17. I thought everything was fine, but I've noticed that mint is only using 1 of the drives to boot, then for some reason was showing the contents of the other drive. i.e. it boots `sdb1`, but `df` shows `sda1`. I'm _sure_ `df` used to show a `/dev/mapper/pdc_bejigbccdb1` drive which was the RAID array. Thus any updates to Grub go to `sda1`, but it boots `sdb1` then loads the fs `sda1`.               N40L marty # df     Filesystem     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on     /dev/sda1      233159608 113675036 107617644  52% /     none                   4         0         4   0% /sys/fs/cgroup     /dev             2943932        12   2943920   1% /media/sda1/dev     tmpfs             597588      1232    596356   1% /run     none                5120         0      5120   0% /run/lock     none             2987920         0   2987920   0% /run/shm     none              102400         4    102396   1% /run/user      From `cat /etc/fstab`               N40L marty # cat /etc/fstab     # /etc/fstab: static file system information.     #     # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a     # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices     # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).     #     # <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>     proc            /proc           proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0       0     /dev/mapper/pdc_bejigbccdb1 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1     /dev/mapper/pdc_bejigbccdb5 none            swap    sw              0       0      If I do `ls /dev/mapper/` I get               N40L marty # ls /dev/mapper     total 0     crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Jul 24 17:03 control      How do I get my raid back and how do I get grub to boot to it? * * * Further update:               N40L grub # dmraid -r     /dev/sdb: pdc, "pdc_bejigbccdb", mirror, ok, 486328064 sectors, data@ 0     /dev/sda: pdc, "pdc_bejigbccdb", mirror, ok, 486328064 sectors, data@ 0          N40L grub # dmraid -s     *** Set     name   : pdc_bejigbccdb     size   : 486328064     stride : 128     type   : mirror     status : ok     subsets: 0     devs   : 2     spares : 0          N40L grub # dmraid -ay -vvv -d     WARN: locking /var/lock/dmraid/.lock     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: asr     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: ddf1    discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: hpt37x  discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: hpt45x  discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: isw     discovering     DEBUG: not isw at 250059348992     DEBUG: isw trying hard coded -2115 offset.     DEBUG: not isw at 250058267136     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: jmicron discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: lsi     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: nvidia  discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: pdc     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: pdc metadata discovered     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: sil     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sdb: via     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: asr     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: ddf1    discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: hpt37x  discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: hpt45x  discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: isw     discovering     DEBUG: not isw at 250059348992     DEBUG: isw trying hard coded -2115 offset.     DEBUG: not isw at 250058267136     NOTICE: /dev/sda: jmicron discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: lsi     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: nvidia  discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: pdc     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: pdc metadata discovered     NOTICE: /dev/sda: sil     discovering     NOTICE: /dev/sda: via     discovering     DEBUG: _find_set: searching pdc_bejigbccdb     DEBUG: _find_set: not found pdc_bejigbccdb     DEBUG: _find_set: searching pdc_bejigbccdb     DEBUG: _find_set: not found pdc_bejigbccdb     NOTICE: added /dev/sdb to RAID set "pdc_bejigbccdb"     DEBUG: _find_set: searching pdc_bejigbccdb     DEBUG: _find_set: found pdc_bejigbccdb     DEBUG: _find_set: searching pdc_bejigbccdb     DEBUG: _find_set: found pdc_bejigbccdb     NOTICE: added /dev/sda to RAID set "pdc_bejigbccdb"     DEBUG: checking pdc device "/dev/sda"     DEBUG: checking pdc device "/dev/sdb"     DEBUG: set status of set "pdc_bejigbccdb" to 16     DEBUG: checking pdc device "/dev/sda"     DEBUG: checking pdc device "/dev/sdb"     DEBUG: set status of set "pdc_bejigbccdb" to 16     RAID set "pdc_bejigbccdb" was not activated     WARN: unlocking /var/lock/dmraid/.lock     DEBUG: freeing devices of RAID set "pdc_bejigbccdb"     DEBUG: freeing device "pdc_bejigbccdb", path "/dev/sda"     DEBUG: freeing device "pdc_bejigbccdb", path "/dev/sdb"      So my system sees the two drives and sees they should be part of an array, but will not activate the array and this not create `/dev/mapper/pdc_bejigbccdb` so I cannot load grub to it and boot from it. How do I get dmraid to activate and create the mapper entry?


why are there 3 debian DVD isos + 2 update DVD isos in my local debian mirror?

I want to try Debian for the 1st time and I wanted to download the full DVD so I went to my local Debian mirror and what I see are 3 DVDs and 2 update DVDs. what is each? Do I need more than just the 1st DVD?


Cannot install Fedora 18

I have a Dell Inspiron laptop with 2.5GB RAM and 120GB HDD. I have windows 7 and Ubuntu installed side by side. I have another 30GB space where I want to install Fedora 18 but when I try to install it, I get the following error               /dev/root not found      Can anyone tell me how to overcome this. I get the error as soon as I click to install it.


Java fails with “Could not find the main class”

I want to run a jar file in Linux (CentOS, 32-bit). But the following error occurs. What is the reason?               [root@server ~]# java -jar keygen.jar     Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: org/dgt/jl/App : Unsupported major.minor version 51.0             at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)             at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:643)             at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)             at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:277)             at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:73)             at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:212)             at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)             at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:205)             at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:323)             at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:294)             at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:268)     Could not find the main class: org.dgt.jl.App. Program will exi      My Java version:               java version "1.6.0_24"     OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea6 1.11.14) (rhel-1.42.1.11.14.el5_10-i386)     OpenJDK Client VM (build 20.0-b12, mixed mode)


RDP only Operating System

I am looking for an operating system where the login screen asks for a username and password for an rdp login prompt. I want an administrator to also be able to login to change the i.p. address for the server that hosts the accounts. Any suggestions?


Backed an ipod up with dd, how to retrieve all tracks in one go with gnupod?

I have had gnupod for a while. Still haven't figured out how to use it though. I usually just go for gtkpod. So this question, in case anyone had any doubts after reading everything below, _is purely about gnupod syntax_. Recently I decided to get my ipod replaced under this replacement scheme. (I don't like proprietary hardware, etc., but if someone is going to give me a brand new piece of hardware... for something that was originally a gift... hmm...) Anyway, long story short, I backed up my old ipod using dd:               dd if=/dev/sdb2 of=ipodbk      and just tried running gtkpod (with ipodbk mounted as `-t vfat -o loop`) to see if it would pick it up, like it does when an ipod is attached, which it does. But this question is not about that. I don't want to waste time with gtkpod's bugginess when it comes to exporting an entire ipod's files (tried it before. ended up with a lot of 0 byte files... no thanks). I just want to be able to export all the tracks from the disk image in one go. The command probably looks something like               gnupod_something (some switches) -m /home/user/ipodbkmount/ (some stuff?)      and the output probably looks something like               (window flooded with 1000 lines of text)      but I've never really been able to get `gnupod` to work. I'm sure it's a great program, and I have to usually invoke it as `gnupod_check -m ipod --fixit` once in a while when `gtkpod` loses track of what it's doing and makes errors when it writes files to the device. As for `gnupod`, I'm just not intelligent enough to figure out its syntax on the more routine ipod manipulations, I think. So, yeah, what's that command?


OpenSSL buffering problem

I have a stream that I would like to encrypt in real time, but the problem is that `openssl` encrypt only when it could read from stdin enough bytes, otherwise it waits. Look at those examples:               $ (echo Hello world; sleep 3) | cat -     Hello world     $ (echo Hello world; sleep 3) | openssl base64 | openssl base64 -d     Hello world      In the first case you see the output immediately, in the second one you have to wait three seconds. How could I could avoid this behavior? I tried `unbuffer -p` and `stdbuf -i0`, but they don't work in this case. In order to be more clear, I show you how I'm trying to use it (those are commands in order to send an audio stream over the network):               ### Not encrypted: works well     # Server     nc -ul 1234 | gst-launch fdsrc ! opusparse ! opusdec ! fdsink | pacat --latency-msec=20     # Client     parec --latency-msec=20 | gst-launch fdsrc ! audioparse rate=48000 channels=2 ! opusenc ! fdsink | nc -u localhost 1234          ### Encrypted: doesn't work     # Server     nc -l -u 1234 | openssl aes-256-cbc -pass pass:test -salt -d | gst-launch fdsrc ! opusparse ! opusdec ! fdsink | pacat --latency-msec=20     # Client     parec --latency-msec=20 | gst-launch fdsrc ! audioparse rate=48000 channels=2 ! opusenc ! fdsink | openssl aes-256-cbc -pass pass:test -salt | nc -u localhost 1234


How do you create and execute a bash script which calls an executable from higher folder?

I'm attempting to write a very simple script which calls an executable from a higher level folder. If I were just typing the command into the console, I would type               ../filenamehere {options} {parameters}      When I try to do the same thing in a .sh file in order to run multiple processes at the same time, I attempt to write the following:               ../filename {options} {parameters} &     ../filename {options2} {parameters} &     ../filename {options3} {parameters} &     ../filename {options4} {parameters} &      Then, to run the file, I entered               chmod a+x script_file.sh     ./script_file.sh      After which point I was given a "command not found" error 3 times. I assume this means that 1 of my 4 commands executed, but the other 3 didn't. If I type directly into the console exactly the same commands as I put in the .sh file, nothing goes wrong. What do I need to do to make this file run?


How to create an alias for opening a directory on Mac

Trying to create an alias `hello`. After typing `hello` in `Terminal`, then `vi` opens `hello_folder`. Now, this code returns:               $ hello      -bash: hello: command not found                  1 #!/bin/bash       2 cd ~/Documents/       3        4 # create directory if it does not exists..       5 mkdir -p hello_folder       6        7 # in this dir create a dummy hello_file and write something into it.       8 cd hello_folder       9 touch hello_file.md && echo 'hello' > hello_file.md.      10       11 # go to ~/.bash_profile and create alias.      12 # instructions:      13 # if you type hello in terminal, then it opens hello_folder in vim editor      14 echo "alias hello='vi /Users/fill_your_username/Documents/hello_folder/'" > ~/.bash_profile      What is missing in the code ? - `alias` is not recognised.


How to add TileStream in autoload CentOS

I'm new with CentOS. I have a installed tilestream. Now want to tilestream start automaticaly after system restart. Do like this tutorial. /etc/init/tilestream.conf               #!upstart     #description "node.js chatapp server"     #author      "subicura"          start on startup     stop on shutdown          script        export HOME="/home/myuser"#             echo $$ > /var/run/tilestream.pid        exec /usr/bin/node /usr/bin/tilestream >> /var/log/tilestream.log 2>&1     end script          pre-start script        # Date format same as (new Date()).toISOString() for consistency        echo "[`date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%T.%3NZ`] (sys) Starting" >> /var/log/tilestream.log     end script          pre-stop script        rm /var/run/tilestream.pid        echo "[`date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%T.%3NZ`] (sys) Stopping" >> /var/log/tilestream.log     end script      In cterminal do:               /sbin/start tilestream      Output:               tilestream start/running, process 2428      In log:               [2014-06-27T08:32:55.316Z] (sys) Starting     Creating tiles dir /home/myuser#/Documents/MapBox/tiles     Started [Server Tile].     Started [Server Core:8888].      But TileStream not work. If i start it with script /etc/init.d/tilestream               #!/bin/sh     ### BEGIN INIT INFO     # Provides:          tilestream     # Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named     # Required-Stop:     $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named     # Default-Start:     2 3 4 5     # Default-Stop:      0 1 6     # X-Interactive:     true     # Short-Description: Start TileStream server     ### END INIT INFO          TILESTREAM="/usr/bin/tilestream"     MAPPATH="/data"     HOST="host"     #HOST="localhost"     #UIPORT="9001"     UIPORT="8888"     #TILEPORT="9000"     TILEPORT="8888"     SUBDOMAINS="a,b,c,d"          case $1 in         start)             echo "Starting TileStream"            #$TILESTREAM --tiles=$MAPPATH --host=$HOST&            #$TILESTREAM --tiles=$MAPPATH --host=$HOST --uiPort=$UIPORT --tilePort=$TILEPORT --subdomains=$SUBDOMAINS&            $TILESTREAM --tiles=$MAPPATH --host=$HOST --uiPort=$UIPORT --tilePort=$TILEPORT&             ;;         stop)             echo "Stopping TileStream"             #PID=`ps aux | grep $TILESTREAM | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`         PID=`ps aux | grep "tilestream" | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`             kill -9 $PID             ;;         restart)             echo "Restarting TileStream"            $0 stop            sleep 1            $0 start            ;;         *)             echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}" >&2             exit 1             ;;         esac      In this case all work fine.   Any advices?


Why doesn't my supervisor daemon start on reboot?

I have added a crontab entry via `crontab -e` for the current user:               @reboot supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf      Yet after the reboot, supervisord demon is not running. I need to run the command again in bash. Only a second try yields in an error I expected right away after setting up the cronjob.               $ supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf     $ supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf     Error: Another program is already listening on a port that one of our HTTP servers is configured to use.  Shut this program down first before starting supervisord.      Why doesn't my cronjob work and how do I start supervisor daemon on boot?