joystick as a mouse with Fedora

I would like to use a joystick as a mouse with Fedora 12. I tried js2mouse but didn't work. Is there another solution? How should I configure the system?


Display command in xterm titlebar

My Bash Prompt is currently setting the xterm titlebar using the following sequence:               PS1='\033]0;\u@\h>\w\007'      Is there an easy way to display the current command in the titlebar. For example, if I am tailing a file using `tail -f foo.log`, I want my titlebar to say `tail -f foo.log`.


Change title on xterm

> **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Display command in xterm titlebar Like `konsole`'s tabs on KDE I want the title on `xterm` do the same thing (automatically changes). ¿Can anyone teach me? Thanks!


Does Debian have any kind of virtual environment for make install?

If someone used a Python virtualenv he knows we can run scripts in its own environment installing all necessary libraries which won't impact main python distribution. Do we have something similar in a Linux (Debian) world for `make` utility?   1. Case 1: I downloaded sources and I know what dependencies I need. I put libraries somewhere in home directory and I explicitly say to `make` utility where to search them.   2. Case 2: I run some kind of virtualenv for `make` utility and I call there `apt-get install lib-required-dev` so downloaded libraries would be placed in this virtual environment and won't pollute my OS. And then I run `make`.


RHEL - not able to write in /opt as root

I am trying to copy a virtual box image inside **/opt** folder in _RHEL 5.6_. I am logged in as the _root_ and I strangely see that I am not able to write anything into **/opt** folder. I checked the permissions from other machines in the lab and see that the permissions are set correctly. However, in the **/etc/fstab** file in all the remaining machines (where everything is correct and working fine), I see the below entry.               LABEL = /home1 /opt ext3 defaults 1 2      In the faulty machine where **/opt** directory is not writable, I see the **/etc/fstab** file entry as,               LABEL = /home /opt ext3 defaults 1 2      I am quite new to system administration and I believe it has to do something with the improper mounting of the file system as read only. I checked the **dmesg** for any errors but was not able to understand it. I think I have to remount the **/opt** with the proper settings. But I don't want to do anything in the lab to disturb the current setup. I just wanted to know if my understanding is correct and, is it the missing " **1** " in **/etc/fstab** file causing the **/opt** to be read only? **EDIT:** After I run the mount command, The output from the faulty machine,               /dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)     proc on /proc type proc (rw)     sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)     devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)     /dev/sda5 on /opt type ext3 (rw)     /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)     tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)     none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)     sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)     XXXserver.XXX.XXX:/opt/vbox_image on /opt/vbox_image type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.1.10)     nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)      The output from the correct machine               /dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)     proc on /proc type proc (rw)     sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)     devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)     /dev/sda5 on /opt type ext3 (rw)     /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)     tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)     none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)     sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)     ascentserver.uta.edu:/opt/vbox_image on /opt/vbox_image type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.1.10)     **none on /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint type vmblock (rw)**     nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)      **EDIT 2:** If I run the command, `for i in $( cat /proc/partitions | awk '{ print $4 }' ) ; do e2label /dev/$i ; done`, I get the below output. I am not able to debug this output.               e2label: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/name     Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.     e2label: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda     Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.     /boot1     /1     e2label: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda3     Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.     e2label: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read while trying to open /dev/sda4     Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.     /home      **EDIT 3:** The `ls-l` command on /opt directory shows I have rwx permission on all the files inside it. However, I tried creating a simple text file and it was not allowing me to create the file.


Why does `tmux` copy operation always output temporary gibberish to the terminal?

If I complete a copy operation using `tmux`, I always get one or more lines of gibberish written to my screen, which goes away when I change windows or do a paste. Why does this happen, and can it be disabled?


Focusrite Scarlett 8i6 With linux mint

I have a focusrite scarlett 8i6 soundcard and I would like to make many sounds with it. Currently it's deadly silent and I want to crack on with some programming whilst listening to music! I usually go for a very standard Ubuntu install, but thought I would give Linux Mint a try, but the soundcard doesn't seem to work currently. After some fiddling with Linux Mint I've actually made it recognise the soundcard. `cat /proc/asound/cards`:                1 [USB            ]: USB-Audio - Scarlett 8i6 USB                       Focusrite Scarlett 8i6 USB at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, high speed      I've blacklisted the onboard soundcard, but now I'm not sure how to use this one. It isn't picked up in sound preferences, by default that just has a dummy output now. I've got `pulseaudio`, `alsa` and `jack` installed, but have no idea how to actually get any or all of those working together. Some other info:               # /sbin/lsmod | grep snd     snd_usb_audio         149200  0        snd_usbmidi_lib        25070  1 snd_usb_audio     snd_hwdep              13602  1 snd_usb_audio     snd_seq_midi           13324  0      snd_seq_midi_event     14899  1 snd_seq_midi     snd_rawmidi            30095  2 snd_usbmidi_lib,snd_seq_midi     snd_seq                61560  2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi     snd_pcm               102033  1 snd_usb_audio     snd_seq_device         14497  3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi     snd_page_alloc         18710  1 snd_pcm     snd_timer              29433  2 snd_pcm,snd_seq     snd                    69141  9                         snd_usb_audio,snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_seq,sn     d_rawmidi,snd_usbmidi_lib,snd_seq_device,snd_seq_midi     soundcore              12680  1 snd      I've also updated `/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf`:               options snd-usb-audio index=0      `aplay --list-devices`:                **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****      card 1: USB [Scarlett 8i6 USB], device 0: USB Audio [USB Audio]       Subdevices: 1/1       Subdevice #0: subdevice #0      * * * I don't really know much about pulseaudio, other than the basic of what it does. But the soundcard doesn't seem to be picked up by it.               pacmd list-cards     Welcome to PulseAudio! Use "help" for usage information.     >>> 0 card(s) available.      For completeness the output of speaker test               speaker-test 1.0.27.1          Playback device is default     Stream parameters are 48000Hz, S16_LE, 1 channels     Using 16 octaves of pink noise     Rate set to 48000Hz (requested 48000Hz)     Buffer size range from 192 to 2097152     Period size range from 64 to 699051     Using max buffer size 2097152     Periods = 4     was set period_size = 524288     was set buffer_size = 2097152     0 - Front Left     Time per period = 12.425529      But still no sound. Any suggestions? *********UPDATE************* Command: amixer -c 0 contents               numid=1,iface=MIXER,name='Scarlett 8i6 USB-Sync'       ; type=ENUMERATED,access=rw------,values=1,items=2       ; Item #0 'Internal'       ; Item #1 'S/PDIF'       : values=0


How to apply a patch correctly?

I am trying to patch a linux 3.13.7 source tree to 3.13.8 using the `patch-3.13.8.xz` file. Since the patch file is in `xz` format, I used the following command to apply it while in the source tree:               unxz -cd ../patch-3.13.8.xz | patch -p1      But I receive:               Reversed (or previously applied) patch detected!  Assume -R? [n]      I have checked `man patch` for the `-R` flag and the description makes no sense to me. Can someone please explain what is going on and what I need to do to fix this?


Add/update a file to an existing tar.gz archive?

Is there a way to add/update a file in a tar.gz archive? Basically, I have an archive which contains a file at `/data/data/com.myapp.backup/./files/settings.txt` and I'd like to pull that file from the archive (already done) and push it back into the archive once the edit has been done. How can I accomplish this? Is it problematic because of the `.` in the path?


xmodmap causes incorrect keyboard shortcuts

I used `xmodmap` to switch the Caps Lock and Ctrl keys on my Thinkpad X120e. The keys are swapped but this has caused keyboard shortcuts in several applications to stop working correctly. In Libre Office `Ctrl+Shift+s` no longer works (but `Ctrl+s` and `Ctrl+Shift+v` do). `Ctrl+Shift+S` is also broken in `emacs` (where I have it mapped to save as) and `Ctrl+N` and `Ctrl+Shift+N` have swapped purposes (new buffer and new frame). My `.xmodmap` file looks as follows:               remove Lock = Caps_Lock     remove Control = Control_L     keysym Control_L = Caps_Lock     keysym Caps_Lock = Control_L     add Lock = Caps_Lock     add Control = Control_L      I used the same file on my desktop (also running Debian Wheezy) and did not experience these problems.


logging session with 'script' - how later read it?

I log my terminal session with `script`. As we know, it contains all characters that were send to terminal, including control ones, like backspaces etc. This makes output file a kind of unreadable, therefore: What's the best way to later read output of `script`? (so it looks more like terminal after finished session)


What is a good way of layering zfs filsystems to manage unpredictable future workload that doesn't severely compromise performance?

I've been playing around with ZFS and using sparse files as virtual devices to learn how to use the zfs tools. It seems that there isn't much of a hit in performance by creating a raid pool out of sparse files which are on top of JBOD filesystems that are located on different devices. So I'm wondering if this is a good way to have a flexible system going forward seen as it's not possible to shrink zfs filesystems. So for example I have four disks. Each one has a single device filesystem on it. I create 4 sparse files, one on each filesystem therefore disk. The load is spread across the devices and they are also providing redundancy. Until the raid array fills, I still have all the rest of the disk space for some things which may not need raid such as temporary bulky files. I expect that there would be a major performance penalty when both types of filesystem would be busy at the same time. Are there some more pros and cons of such an approach?


Cups configuration does not consider my new PPD driver (Debian Wheezy)

My Brother HL-4040CN is very unpredictible when trying to print images or PDFs. Searching around, I found an accurate driver description file at openprinting.org: http://www.openprinting.org/printer/Brother/Brother- HL-4040CN I downloaded it to /usr/lib/cups/driver and, using cups admin console, I tried to change the driver of my printer. Unfortunately, even when deleting/recreating the printer, cups is putting back the default driver: Brother HL-4040CN Foomatic/pxlcolor (recommended) (color, 2-sided printing) Do you have any suggestion to solve my printing issue ?


Boot 32-bit OS from 64-bit GRUB2

I can't believe nobody has asked this already, but... If I've installed a 64-bit version of GRUB v2, is it supposed to be possible to load a 32-bit Linux kernel? Or will it only load a 64-bit one? Is this something that's supposed to work? Or is this effort doomed to failure?


Do we have an undo in Linux?

I renamed a few files in one batch script. Is there a way to undo the changes without having to rename them back? Does Linux provide some native way of `undo`ing?


How to enable two finger scrolling without trackpad options?

I just installed Katya (linux mint 11) on my new Dell Inspiron 15R, and in Windows, my mouse supports multitouch (two finger scroll, three finger swipe, etc.). I have checked `Preferences->Mouse` and there is supposed to be a `Touchpad`, or similar section, but there is no such section available. Sidescrolling works, but I am unable to find any trackpad/touchpad specific settings. Anyone have a solution? **EDIT:** for clarification, i am dual booting Win7 and Mint in separate partitions on the same machine.


Removed GNOME desktop, cannot connect to internet from terminal

I'm using Fedora 19. I removed my GNOME-Desktop (`sudo yum remove @gnome- desktop`). After that when I try to connect to internet from command line i'm facing all sorts of issues.. Ethernet cable is also connected however when i execute               $ ping www.google.com      returns               connect: Network is unreachable      When I try to execute commands like `wifi-menu` or `netctl`, i'm getting error that               $ bash: command not found      Any idea on how to resolve this...


add .pdf to the end of text in a text file - bash

#!/bin/bash     #read the text line by line and cut off the extension     while read filenames ; do         dataset=$filenames         nameis=${dataset%.*}         echo "$nameis" >> /infanass/dev/admin/test/parsed.txt     done < /infanass/dev/admin/test/tobeparsed.txt #location where file names w/ extensions are           while read line ; do         grep "^$line$" /infanass/dev/admin/test/parsed.txt >>matches.txt     done < /infanass/dev/admin/test/file1.txt      I compare my text between the two files and if they match they get sent to the matches.txt The values that get sent to matches.txt have no extensions (just names) i want to add .pdf to all of them when they get sent to the matches.txt Does anybody have an idea?


Run a command for a specified time and then abort if time exceeds

I want know how I can run a command for a specified time say, one minute and if it doesn't complete execution then I should be able to stop it.


Is there a way to call a command with a set time limit and kill it when that time passes?

> **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Run a command for a specified time and then abort if time exceeds I was working on a continuos integration build script when a need for such a command arose. Basically put, I need to launch a command with a set time limit for it to run before it gets killed and all of the proceeding commands should immediately be run once this command launches the time -limited process in the background and not wait for it get to be killed. A sort of asynchronous concurency. Here's what I imagine:               timelimited --limit=10 'somecommand --someoptions'     someothercommand //This gets launched immediately once 'timelimited' is done creating the background process


How to cat a file for a certain number of seconds?

> **Possible Duplicate:**   >  Run a command for a specified time and then abort if time exceeds Looked all over and I can't find the answer... Simple question: How can I cat a large file for, lets say, 45 seconds and output it to the screen or redirect to another file. Thanks!


How do I get the nc command to end after 2 seconds?

I have to write a maintenance script that iterates over our IPs testing their connectivity to certain services such as `nc -sip# mailin-01.mx.aol.com 25`. It has a flag `-w ...` but it's not what I think it is. That is, I only want this program to run for at max 3 seconds and the places we are connecting to are always up (unless major network problems that the script shouldn't worry about --- not its particular job and would be noticed before the script is run). I just need it to connect and see if we are getting an error message. This is required before we assign an IP to a user for their web page (this is an alternative to CPanel stuff -- we want our own).


Printing failure in Linux Mint 13

I installed Mint 13, 64-bit, Cinnamon, and have a Canon ImageClass MF4150 printer. I retrieved and installed the drivers. I added the printer and tried to print a test page. The message said "printing", then "printing completed." However, nothing printed. I used the following commands to install drivers:               dpkg -i cndrvcups-common_2.40-2_amd64.deb          dpkg -i cndrvcups-ufr2-us_2.40-2_amd64.deb Then I add the printer in Printer settings. I also add myself as an allowed user. Then I tried printing a test page and got a message saying "Printing test page on MF4100 series". After about 2 seconds I get a message saying "Printing completed ..." but nothing prints. What am I doing wrong?


Is there a way to list the connected devices on my wifi access point?

I have an Angstrom Linux device acting as an access point, running `hostapd`, `dhcpd`, which works fine. Can I get a list of devices connected to the Wi-Fi? I know I can get the DHCP leases, but I need to know which devices connect through `wlan0`. I've tried this (`iwlist` has options):               iwlist wlan0 ap     iwlist wlan0 accesspoints     iwlist wlan0 peers      but all return:               wlan0     Interface doesn't have a list of Peers/Access-Points      `iwconfig`, `iwgetid`, `iwpriv` and `iwspy` are also present in `/sbin`, but don't seem to have options to display the client list.


Unable to use -o allow_other with sshfs (option enabled in fuse.conf)

I have the following on my `/etc/fuse.conf` file:               # Set the maximum number of FUSE mounts allowed to non-root users.                            # The default is 1000.                                                                        #                                                                                #mount_max = 1000                                                                                # Allow non-root users to specify the 'allow_other' or 'allow_root'                           # mount options.                                                                              #                                                                                user_allow_other          But when I try to mount a remote path with the option `allow_other`:               > sshfs name@server:/remote/path /local/path -o allow_other      I get:               fusermount: failed to open /etc/fuse.conf: Permission denied     fusermount: option allow_other only allowed if 'user_allow_other' is set in /etc/fuse.conf      I have triple checked and the option `user_allow_other` is uncommented in my `fuse.conf`,as I copied above. I have also executed `sudo adduser my_user_name fuse` (not sure if this is needed though), but I still get the same problem. Why is it not parsing the `/etc/fuse.conf` file correctly?


Is there a way to select by several conditions in `ps`?

It seems I am missing something blindingly obvious, but still:               ps -f -u myuser --ppid 1      Seems to only take a look at parent pid of the process, and returns all the processes that have parent pid of 1 - even when the user is not `myuser`. The `-u` alone works correctly (selecting only processes of `myuser`):               ps -f -u myuser      What am I missing? Is there some built-in way to filter by several conditions in `ps`? **EDIT:** My current workaround:               ps -f -p $(join <(ps h --ppid 1 -o pid | sort) <(ps h -u myuser -o pid | sort))


Grub2 without arrow keys

My laptop keyboard recently had a losing encounter with a beer, and the arrow keys don't work anymore. No big deal, I figured -- I remapped CAPS+hjkl to the arrows in xkb, and after a little getting used to it's an improvement. The one problem is that I can't navigate the menu in GRUB anymore. Is there any alternative way to choose which option to boot in GRUB, besides scrolling up and down? PgUp and PgDn will get me the first and last options, so I can put the two most common choices there and get the rest as needed with a USB keyboard. Obviously this isn't ideal. I vaguely remember that in the old GRUB the options could be selected by number -- is it possible to enable this somehow?


Systemd: Timeout a service

Is there a way to have systemd stop a service after it has been running for X amount of seconds? I looked at just wrapping `ExecStart` with `timeout`, however I believe it might not work if my service is the `forking` type.


Is it possible to start administering a linux box via Ansible with just the root account and its password?

I recently rented a Linux box and I intend to provision it using Ansible. I'd like to use Ansible as early as possible in the process. At this stage I only have a root account and the corresponding password. ### Questions   * Given the fact that my target box as well as OpenSSH-Server is running, would it be possible to copy my public key to the server and configure it with Ansible at this early stage?   * Do I have to manually copy the pub key to the server and configure ssh for Ansible to be able to communicate with the server in the first place?  EDIT 1: I should've mentioned, that after reading the docs I used the following syntax:               ansible <nameoftargetbox> -m ping -u root -k      The command basically means use user root ( -u ) and ask for password ( -k ). I am correctly prompted for the password, but I keep getting this response:                <nameoftargetbox>| FAILED => to use -c ssh with passwords, you must install the sshpass program      Needless to say that a common `ssh root@<targetbox>` works flawlessly. After researching some more I found a solution in the Ansible github issue tracker. I'll post it as an answer to this question.


How can I give a permssion to all users for a path using the octal notation?

I'd like to give execute permissions on a path recursively so I can read a file in the directory. The `chmod` binary that I'm using on Android only supports the octal/numeric notation though. Normally I'd do `chmod -R a+x /this/file/is/here/filename.txt` but don't know how I'd do this numerically. I've Googled but haven't found an answer to this. * * * Looking at at the question "Is it possible to represent the +X symbolic permission with an octal value?", I don't think this is possible but what would the easiest recommended way.


How to check if NTPD updates Linux machine's time successfully using shell?

I'm trying to use NTPD to update my Linux machine's time to a specified NTP server.   Here is the scenario: Each time the Linux machine starts up, I want to update the time from NTP server and **if it's not successful, I want to try again every 5 minutes until successfully** (max is 2 hours). I searched around and find that I should(?) use NTPD and use some command like: `#ntpdate ntp.server.com` (before starting NTPD)   `#ntpd some_options_to_start` The questions are:   1. How can I know if the time was successfully updated by these commands?   2. Can I set the interval to update time from ntpd? (or I have to use something like `sleep` and loop with `do`..`while`/`for` in shell?) Note that I want to execute the above commands in a shell script and will put the shell in a web server. Then clients (with a web browser browser) will execute the script on the website. So I need to check if the update is successful or not to send result to the client (over the web).


/etc/rc*: Why does this command stop NFS services from starting at boot?

I recently found this home networking tutorial surprisingly enlightening. However, there is one thing I don't understand: > Disabling NFS Start On Boot: If you are not planning on regularly accessing > files via NFS, you should not leave the NFS server running and vulnerable to > outside attacks. The startup scripts for NFS are in the /etc/rc* directories > and you should rename them with the K prefix instead of the S prefix so they > do not start at boot time: the tutorial then gives the following command:               sudo rename s/S/K/ /etc/rc*/*nfs*      I have never really understood the way /etc/rc*/ works. But I assume there are certain directories in which the `service servicename start` scripts are always run, right? That's just a guess. So, in this case, why does renaming these have an effect? How does the naming of directories affect this particular instance? What does that rename command actually do? Why does the new directory name ensure that NFS is not started at boot time?


Running 64-bit Linux with 750 MB of RAM: worth it?

I have a Debian server VPS, and the provider installed 64-bit Debian 5. Should I ask for an 32-bit install, given that I have only 750 MB RAM and I have heard that variables take more RAM on 64-bit systems?


Why rsync attempts to copy file that is already up-to-date?

I have two same files, on local machine and on remote one. Their sizes are equal, and file on local machine is newer than on remote one - but rsync still attempts to copy the file. I invoke rsync as follows:               rsync -nv -e "ssh -p 2222" user@host:/data/file.fif data/file.fif      (if I don't use `-n` option, it initiates the copy operation) Rsync docs explicitly state that it shouldn't be happening:               Rsync  finds files that need to be transferred using a "quick check" algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed in size or in last-modified time.      Outputs from `stat`:               # remote file       File: `data/fif/Skovorodko_Olga_45_raw.fif'       Size: 1137551966  Blocks: 2221784    IO Block: 4096   regular file     Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 286338      Links: 1     Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--)  Uid: ( 1037/  platon)   Gid: ( 1047/  platon)     Access: 2013-08-08 18:40:16.907581658 +0400     Modify: 2013-07-16 12:01:09.158763284 +0400     Change: 2013-07-16 12:01:09.158763284 +0400          # local file       File: `data/fif/Skovorodko_Olga_45_raw.fif'       Size: 1137551966  Blocks: 2221792    IO Block: 4096   regular file     Device: 801h/2049d  Inode: 12987232    Links: 1     Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: ( 1005/  platon)   Gid: ( 1003/  platon)     Access: 2013-08-08 19:02:57.146223369 +0400     Modify: 2013-08-08 19:02:57.146223369 +0400     Change: 2013-08-08 19:02:57.146223369 +0400      Why does this happen? **UPDATE:** Doing `rsync --size-only` results file not being copied:               delta-transmission enabled     Skovorodko_Olga_45_raw.fif is uptodate     total: matches=0  hash_hits=0  false_alarms=0 data=0          sent 14 bytes  received 114 bytes  85.33 bytes/sec     total size is 1137551966  speedup is 8887124.73 (DRY RUN)


Problems with YUM/Scientifix Linux 6.3 (inconsistent rpm database?..)

Recently I saw this:               [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d] yum update     Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, presto, security     Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile     epel/metalink                                                                                |  17 kB     00:00           * epel: mirror.pmf.kg.ac.rs      * rpmforge: ftp.lug.ro      * sl: ftp.scientificlinux.org      * sl-security: ftp.scientificlinux.org     Setting up Update Process     Resolving Dependencies     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package wine.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: wine-openal(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-openal(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     ---> Package wine-capi.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-capi.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-capi.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-capi.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-cms.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-cms.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-cms.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-cms.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-common.noarch 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-common.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-core.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-core.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-core.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 for package: wine-core-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libgstbase-0.10.so.0 for package: wine-core-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libgstapp-0.10.so.0 for package: wine-core-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-core.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-courier-fonts.noarch 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-courier-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-desktop.noarch 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-desktop.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-fonts.noarch 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: wine-tahoma-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     --> Processing Dependency: wine-ms-sans-serif-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     ---> Package wine-ldap.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-ldap.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-ldap.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-ldap.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-marlett-fonts.noarch 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-marlett-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-pulseaudio.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-pulseaudio.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-pulseaudio.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: wine-alsa(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-pulseaudio-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: alsa-plugins-pulseaudio(x86-32) for package: wine-pulseaudio-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-pulseaudio.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: wine-alsa(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-pulseaudio-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     ---> Package wine-small-fonts.noarch 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-small-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-symbol-fonts.noarch 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-symbol-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-system-fonts.noarch 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-system-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-twain.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-twain.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-twain.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-twain.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     ---> Package wine-wow.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-wow.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package alsa-plugins-pulseaudio.i686 0:1.0.21-3.el6 will be installed     ---> Package gstreamer.i686 0:0.10.29-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package gstreamer-plugins-base.i686 0:0.10.29-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libtheoraenc.so.1(libtheoraenc_1.0) for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libcdda_interface.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: liboil-0.3.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libtheoradec.so.1(libtheoradec_1.0) for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libvisual-0.4.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libcdda_paranoia.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libtheoradec.so.1 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libgudev-1.0.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libtheoraenc.so.1 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-alsa.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-alsa.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-ms-sans-serif-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-openal.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libopenal.so.1 for package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-openal.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libopenal.so.1()(64bit) for package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     ---> Package wine-tahoma-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package cdparanoia-libs.i686 0:10.2-5.1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package libgudev1.i686 0:147-2.40.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libudev = 147-2.40.el6 for package: libgudev1-147-2.40.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libudev.so.0 for package: libgudev1-147-2.40.el6.i686     ---> Package liboil.i686 0:0.3.16-4.1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package libtheora.i686 1:1.1.0-2.el6 will be installed     ---> Package libvisual.i686 0:0.4.0-9.1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-openal.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libopenal.so.1 for package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-openal.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libopenal.so.1()(64bit) for package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package libudev.i686 0:147-2.40.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-openal.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libopenal.so.1 for package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-openal.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libopenal.so.1()(64bit) for package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Finished Dependency Resolution     Error: Package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.i686 (epel)            Requires: libopenal.so.1     Error: Package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64 (epel)            Requires: libopenal.so.1()(64bit)      You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem      You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest     [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d] yum update --skip-broken     Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, presto, security     Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile      * epel: mirror.pmf.kg.ac.rs      * rpmforge: ftp.lug.ro      * sl: ftp.scientificlinux.org      * sl-security: ftp.scientificlinux.org     Setting up Update Process     Resolving Dependencies     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package wine.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: wine-openal(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-openal(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     ---> Package wine-capi.i686 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated     ---> Package wine-capi.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el6 will be updated      ...bla-bla               --> Processing Dependency: wine-common = 1.2.3-1.el6 for package: wine-desktop-1.2.3-1.el6.noarch     --> Processing Dependency: wine-common = 1.2.3-1.el6 for package: wine-core-1.2.3-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: wine-common = 1.2.3-1.el6 for package: wine-core-1.2.3-1.el6.x86_64     --> Finished Dependency Resolution     Skip-broken could not solve problems     Error: Package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.i686 (epel)            Requires: libopenal.so.1     Error: Package: wine-openal-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64 (epel)            Requires: libopenal.so.1()(64bit)      You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest     [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d]      [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d] rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest     [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d]      ..and the same starts again if I yum update.. I can't install the               wine-openal.i686 : Openal support for wine     wine-openal.x86_64 : Openal support for wine      why?? I tryied to yum remove wine*..ok it removed all the wine* packages from my system, but... when I tried to yum install wine... the same error message with "Requires: libopenal.so.1"...came up.. I tried to:               rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db*     rpm -vv --rebuilddb      but it didn't helped..               [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d] ls     epel.repo           linux_signing_key.pub    mirrors-rpmforge-testing  sl.repo           virtualbox.repo     epel-testing.repo   mirrors-rpmforge         rpmforge.repo             sl.repo;502df2db     google-chrome.repo  mirrors-rpmforge-extras  sl-other.repo             sl.repo;502e1e13     [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d]       I primary use rpmforge, and epel is just this:               [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d] cat epel.repo      [epel]     name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch     #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch     mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch     failovermethod=priority     enabled=1     gpgcheck=1     gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6     includepkgs=nss-mdns wine* gparted cups-pdf       Q: How can I resolve this problem? =============================================== UPDATE: I tried to download the:               http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/15175751/dir/scientific_linux_6/com/openal-soft-1.12.854-1.el6.x86_64.rpm.html     http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/15174245/dir/scientific_linux_6/com/openal-soft-1.12.854-1.el6.i686.rpm.html      but it gives "Error 550" ... ... So... I tried:               http://pkgs.org/centos-6-rhel-6/atrpms-i386/openal-soft-1.12.854-1.el6.i686.rpm/download/     http://pkgs.org/centos-6-rhel-6/epel-x86_64/openal-soft-1.12.854-1.el6.x86_64.rpm/download/      "rpm -i"-ed the two rpm packages (these packages provided the libopenal.so.1's..), then:               [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d] yum install wine     Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, presto, security     Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile      * epel: mirror.pmf.kg.ac.rs      * rpmforge: ftp.lug.ro      * sl: ftp1.scientificlinux.org      * sl-security: ftp1.scientificlinux.org     Setting up Install Process     Resolving Dependencies     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package wine.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: wine-wow(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-twain(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-twain(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-pulseaudio(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-pulseaudio(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-openal(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-openal(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-ldap(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-ldap(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-desktop = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-core(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-core(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-cms(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-cms(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-capi(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Processing Dependency: wine-capi(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package wine-capi.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-capi.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-cms.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-cms.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-core.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: wine-common = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-core-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 for package: wine-core-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libgstbase-0.10.so.0 for package: wine-core-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libgstapp-0.10.so.0 for package: wine-core-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-core.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-desktop.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: wine-tahoma-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     --> Processing Dependency: wine-system-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     --> Processing Dependency: wine-symbol-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     --> Processing Dependency: wine-small-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     --> Processing Dependency: wine-ms-sans-serif-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     --> Processing Dependency: wine-marlett-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     --> Processing Dependency: wine-courier-fonts = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-fonts-1.4.1-1.el6.noarch     ---> Package wine-ldap.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-ldap.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-openal.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-openal.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-pulseaudio.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: wine-alsa(x86-32) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-pulseaudio-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: alsa-plugins-pulseaudio(x86-32) for package: wine-pulseaudio-1.4.1-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-pulseaudio.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: wine-alsa(x86-64) = 1.4.1-1.el6 for package: wine-pulseaudio-1.4.1-1.el6.x86_64     ---> Package wine-twain.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-twain.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-wow.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package alsa-plugins-pulseaudio.i686 0:1.0.21-3.el6 will be installed     ---> Package gstreamer.i686 0:0.10.29-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package gstreamer-plugins-base.i686 0:0.10.29-1.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libtheoraenc.so.1(libtheoraenc_1.0) for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libcdda_interface.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: liboil-0.3.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libtheoradec.so.1(libtheoradec_1.0) for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libvisual-0.4.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libcdda_paranoia.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libtheoradec.so.1 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libgudev-1.0.so.0 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libtheoraenc.so.1 for package: gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-1.el6.i686     ---> Package wine-alsa.i686 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-alsa.x86_64 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-common.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-courier-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-marlett-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-ms-sans-serif-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-small-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-symbol-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-system-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package wine-tahoma-fonts.noarch 0:1.4.1-1.el6 will be installed     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package cdparanoia-libs.i686 0:10.2-5.1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package libgudev1.i686 0:147-2.40.el6 will be installed     --> Processing Dependency: libudev = 147-2.40.el6 for package: libgudev1-147-2.40.el6.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libudev.so.0 for package: libgudev1-147-2.40.el6.i686     ---> Package liboil.i686 0:0.3.16-4.1.el6 will be installed     ---> Package libtheora.i686 1:1.1.0-2.el6 will be installed     ---> Package libvisual.i686 0:0.4.0-9.1.el6 will be installed     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package libudev.i686 0:147-2.40.el6 will be installed     --> Finished Dependency Resolution     Error: Protected multilib versions: libudev-147-2.40.el6.i686 != libudev-147-2.41.el6.x86_64     Error: Protected multilib versions: libgudev1-147-2.40.el6.i686 != libgudev1-147-2.41.el6.x86_64      You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem      You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest     [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d]      [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d] rpm -qa | grep -i libudev     libudev-147-2.41.el6.x86_64     [root@NOTEBOOK /etc/yum.repos.d]      ...so now I got a: Error: Protected multilib versions: libudev-147-2.40.el6.i686 != libudev-147-2.41.el6.x86_64 Error: Protected multilib versions: libgudev1-147-2.40.el6.i686 != libgudev1-147-2.41.el6.x86_64 error message... what to do next?? how can I fix this??


Driver is sometimes loaded, sometimes not

I was assigned an Ubuntu desktop with some stuff already on it. I did not reformat it, but attached a mini-PCI wireless card over a PCI to mini-PCI adapter. I manually built the `madwifi` driver and installed its .ko files. Now `lshw -C network` always shows the card, but it sometimes shows it as 'unclaimed' and sometimes it shows with the `madwifi` (i.e. `ath_pci`) driver. Any idea what can cause this effect? EDIT: Snippet from `/var/log/kern.log`, on failed load.               Apr 19 11:47:21 manju-desktop kernel: [    9.935304] ath_hal: module license 'Proprietary' taints kernel.     Apr 19 11:47:21 manju-desktop kernel: [    9.936614] ath_hal: 0.9.18.0 (AR5210, AR5211, AR5212, RF5111, RF5112, RF2413, RF5413)     Apr 19 11:47:21 manju-desktop kernel: [    9.958671] wlan: svn r4133 (branch madwifi-0.9.4)     Apr 19 11:47:21 manju-desktop kernel: [    9.975867] ath_pci: svn r4133 (branch madwifi-0.9.4)     Apr 19 11:47:21 manju-desktop kernel: [    9.975940] ath_pci 0000:02:04.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17     Apr 19 11:47:21 manju-desktop kernel: [    9.976024] ath_pci: HAL doesn't support MAC revision 0xffffffff     Apr 19 11:47:21 manju-desktop kernel: [    9.976037] ath_pci 0000:02:04.0: PCI INT A disabled      Output of `lshw -C network`                 *-network:1 UNCLAIMED            description: Ethernet controller            product: AR5413 802.11abg NIC            vendor: Atheros Communications Inc.            physical id: 4            bus info: pci@0000:02:04.0            version: 01            width: 32 bits            clock: 33MHz            capabilities: pm cap_list            configuration: latency=168 maxlatency=12 mingnt=10


How to find the machine from which a user logged into current machine using ssh?

In a multi server architecture, is it possible to find out from which machine a user logged into current machine using `ssh`? For example, `user1` logged into `host1`. From there, the user logged into `host2` as `sruser` using `ssh`. In above example, would it be possible to trace the `sruser` session of `host2` back to `user1` session in `host1`? Would it be possible to get the hostname or terminal of `user1` session?


sssd: login problems with AD user

I've setup my samba4 DC to get account information from a central AD provider via sssd. What I'd like to do now is permit some subset of these users to login via ssh (to linux machines) or via RDP (to windows machines). I can get passwd information from the AD provider using `getent passwd <name>`. Unfortunately this is coming in with params that don't seem to work locally: > johndoe:*:53122:513:John Doe:\\nafs2\u204\johndoe:212578 The errors in `/var/log/secure` appear as follows:               Jul 16 03:42:46 beanbag sshd[3303]: User johndoe not allowed because shell 212578 does not exist       Jul 16 03:42:46 beanbag sshd[3304]: input_userauth_request: invalid user johndoe       Jul 16 03:42:50 beanbag sshd[3303]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=server.edu  user=johndoe       Jul 16 03:42:51 beanbag sshd[3303]: pam_sss(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=server.edu user=johndoe       Jul 16 03:42:51 beanbag sshd[3303]: pam_sss(sshd:auth): received for user johndoe: 6 (Permission denied)       Jul 16 03:42:53 beanbag sshd[3303]: Failed password for invalid user johndoe from 10.95.20.20 port 1714 ssh2      What step(s) have I missed in getting sssd (and it's kin) setup? CentOS 6.4 (x64) NOTE: I have run `authconfig --enablesssd --enablesssdauth --update`. * * * EDIT: Fixed the first part of this problem - 'shell does not exist'. FIX: in `/etc/sssd/sssd.conf` add these lines to the [nss] section:               allowed_shells = /bin/bash     shell_fallback = /bin/bash      Now it attempts to create the (invalid) home directory \\nafs2\u204\johndoe and then returns a 'This account is currently not available.' error. * * * EDIT: If you use the entry `override_shell = /bin/bash (or whatever)` in your domain listing it will fix the above problem.


Fluxbox shuts my screens off after some idle moment

I have fluxbox installed beside unity, my distro being ubuntu 13.04. Under unity I have configured my computer not to suspend, not to lock, and not to shut off screens after some idle moment. This works ok. However, I am using fluxbox 99% of the time, and under fluxbox, my screens shut off after something like 10 or 15 minutes. It's not a screensaver, my screens go into pause. I don't know the application that manage this, and how to configure it so as my screens won't shut off. This is a problem for me because when waking up, only the second screen will be restored, even if I run arandr scripts again and again, trying to get my main screen back. My main screen only comes back if I close then reopen my laptop. Maybe that's the issue I should worry about, but I have not the single idea which application manage that either. Any idea what's going on and where I should look at ? **Note** : I've found here a suggestion for modifying `~/.xinitrc` and adding `xset -dpms s off`. However I don't have such file in my ~ directory. I have found a file with a similar name /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc. Should I modify this one ?


Display Present working directory in Terminal

I am complete newbie to Mac/*nix. This is what I presently see in Mac Terminal as always > EN-AAABBBB:~ username$ Probably, my understanding is `EN-AAABBBB` is my Mac name and followed by username. But I would like to transform this into this format > username@pwd$ How do I achieve this? and some other customization tips are welcome :) [Colors etc..] _Note_ : I tried adding `PS1='\u@ \W \$ '` to `.bash_profile`, now getting the result as > username@ ~ $ `\w or \W` should display working directory, which's not. Any help!


Switch between numbers and symbols on caps lock

Is it possible to set caps lock to switch between inserting numbers and the symbols they normally trigger when one holds shift? e.g. when you normally press the 9 key, you get a `(` unless caps lock is on. I tried adding this line to my layout file, on `/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols`:               key <AE05> {        [ percent, 5 ]       };      This effectively switches the 'normal' and 'shift' meanings, but it won't work on caps lock - only on shift.


Tmux Split Panes in the same window

I am new to using tmux in scripting and I am attempting to manipulate it so when I run a script I can have multiple screens attached and split in my `Putty` session, and also have it color coded and binded so that if I use `ALT+arrow key` it will switch to the next pane. This is what I have so far for coding:               tmux new-session -d -s PortalDB     tmux selectp -t PortalDB     tmux splitw -h -p 50     tmux attach -t PortalDB     tmux set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg yellow     tmux new-session -d -s HardwareAgent     tmux selectp -t HardwareAgent     tmux splitw -h -p 50     tmux attach -t HardwareAgent     tmux set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg blue     tmux new-session -d -s Profile     tmux selectp -t Profile     tmux splitw -h -p 50     tmux attach -t Profile     tmux set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg red     tmux new-session -d -s JoinCode     tmux selectp -t JoinCode     tmux splitw -h -p 50     tmux attach -t JoinCode     tmux set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg green               tmux bind -n M-Left select-pane -L     tmux bind -n M-Right select-pane -R     tmux bind -n M-Up select-pane -U     tmux bind -n M-Down select-pane -D      When I run the script, the color coding works, however I want it to split the screens horizontally, but instead I get this: ![Result](http://i.stack.imgur.com/PQVfO.png) Can someone suggest a way where I can split the panes evenly? Another thing I noticed is that when I run this script, it runs 4 different windows attached to the sessions I named, I just need it to split horizontally 4 times in one window. Can anyone suggest how to make it as such?


Can I highlight the current prompt line in zsh?

Is it possible to highlight (set a background colour) for the whole line of the prompt in `zsh`? In my emacs config I have the line on which the cursor sits a slightly different colour to the window background, which is a great visual aid. I'm wondering whether it's possible to do the same in my terminal/zsh prompt, so that it effectivly "draws a line" under everthing that's been run. I've tried setting `PROMPT='%{$bg[grey]%}# '` in my `.zshrc` but the highlight only extends as far as I type, not to the edge of the terminal. Is what I'm trying to achieve possible?


what is the purpose of -i in front of scp and ssh commands?

What is the "-i" for in the command "scp -i _key_ *username*@ _address_ : _path 1_ *path 2*"? Note: I've seen "-i" used in ssh commands as well.


terminal: displaying special characters

In some programs, such as `htop` the lines and frames are not displayed correctly. Instead, they are displayed as `-` and `/`. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/09Xkp.png) But on another machine, they are displayed correctly as proper lines: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/klp54.png) I am not sure if this is a terminal issue, or if perhaps some package is necessary. Can somebody please advise? In case it is relevant: My system is Debian Wheezy, my interpreter is `bash` and my terminal emulator is `gnome-terminal`


Can't Log into Fedora 19 after force shutdown

I was exploring my new fedora 19 after a crash in KDE (I don't know what I just did). I couldn't shutdown my laptop either with the graphical method or the terminal way (because the terminal refused to open). So I forced the shutdown by pressing the shutdown button in my laptop. After I restarted my laptop and entered my password and user, a black screen appeared and went back to logging screen again (the same thing happened with root). So how should I fix this problem?


Bash ignoring my PATH and it's cache

I have installed pip in my ~/.local/bin/ directory. Here are the outputs of which, type and $PATH               $ type pip     pip is hashed (/home/bcc/pedros/.local/bin/pip)     $ which pip     /usr/bin/pip     $ echo $PATH     ~/.local/bin/:~/bin:~/.bin:/global/bin:/opt/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games      I can't figure out whats wrong with my PATH. This is affecting other installations in my linux as well. My linux:               Distributor ID: Debian     Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.7 (squeeze)


Show only hidden files (dot files) in ls alias

I'm using the command `ls -a | grep '^\\.'` for showing only the hidden files. I added the line `alias hidden='ls -a | grep '^\\.'' # show only hidden files` to `.bash_aliases` file but this does not work. It's probably the problem with `'` character. Could you please help me write the correct alias (and possible rename the title for this question)?


Show older or newer history items with the history command in zsh

I typed in the history command and it showed me the last 10 commands executed by me. Now I wanted to see the last 20 commands executed by me so (after reading the documentation): > An argument of n lists only the last n lines. I typed in `history 20`. This showed me all the commands starting from command number 20 to the current command which was somewhere around 2000. So I tried `history -20` and this works. It shows me the last 20 commands. But this is not what is said in the documentation. Also `history -d [offset]` is supposed to delete the command on that offset. Even that does not work in my zsh. This is straight out of my zsh shell : ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Oz3Mk.png)


BluRay Burner High I/O Wait State with UDF; Optimization Possible?

I've recently scaled back my home network, with one of the bigger changes being a switch-over to using a BD-RE drive for backup. With years of pictures and home video consuming about 25GB, and [important] documents well under 10GB, this SEEMED like a great way to go. Everything WORKS perfectly, my only concern is the overhead. I have the disc formatted UDF, and a script running `rsync` nightly to sync up selected paths in the filesystem to the drive. During the sync, My CPU(s) are showing roughly 25% in the wait state. This wouldn't be so bad, but it STAYS at this level for a very long time, and in the process, slows everything down to a crawl. I've even observed my load average spiking to 15.9+ (on a Core 2 Quad). The "actual" CPU utilization during this time is only around 6% (ALL VMs combined), so this is strictly an I/O bottleneck. Documentation specific to Blu-Ray burners is scarce (under Linux) compared to everything else, and I've never had an I/O bottleneck high enough to warrant any in-depth analysis. Considering the drive is burning at 2x (~9MB/s), it should complete in roughly an hour, but instead runs for many hours. Is there any way to optimize this to reduce the wait states? Am I simply constrained by kernel drivers/hardware/??? Is this just a nasty side-effect of using UDF that I'm unaware of? Could this have anything to do with running 3 VMs (2x Windows & 1x MythTV) as well as NFS along with this process? Is there any way to determine with certainty which piece of the puzzle is the problem? Sorry for the barrage of questions at the end; any help is greatly appreciated. **EDIT:** After the answer from psusi, I had a thought; is there a way to prioritize I/O on a per-device basis? Something along the lines of "guaranteed XXX PCI card 1MB/s", "limit XXX block device to 20MB/s", etc.???


How to change readline's/bash's meta key?

Readline/bash use the meta key quite often but it only works when I use the Esc-key for it. How can I configure bash/readline to accept a different key as meta?


Fedora 16 fails to boot after Win7 installed a GPT Drive

So, I have Windows 7 and Fedora 16 installed on my old HDD. Everything worked well and fine before I've had my new 3TB drive built in, which I initialized as GPT in Windows. Actually I initialized 1,5TB - the rest remains untouched. After that Fedora won't boot up anymore. Instead it prompts me to maintenance mode, showing something like:               [...]/sbin/blkid -o udev -p /dev/sda[number] [...] terminated by signal 15 (Terminated)      Whenever I press Ctrl+D it shows one or multiple messages similar to that. Using               parted /dev/sdb print      shows that the drive as such is recognized as GPT. It also shows up in /etc/fstab. Using older kernels results in the same problem. What should I do ? Edit: I initialized the remaining ~1,5TB in Windows - nothing changed.


Adjusting rsync TCP timeout

I'm using rsync in my own C++ program by issueing the command `system("rsync -rauzvq root@host:/folder");` I use this for keeping multiple systems in sync. Now I have the problem that when a remote host shuts off and there it was still rsync-ing with my program, my program hangs for the period of the TCP timeout. So I thought, I would adjust the TCP timeout parameter for the rsync socket, but I can't figure out how (--sockopts isn't working). Another way of fixing this would involve making a forked system call and check whether the rsync pID still exists after a certain timeout, otherwise kill it. Only downside on this is that I can't check whether the process is genuinely syncing or just hanging on a TCP timeout? So, what would you guys try?


command line friendly search engine, for use with Links

Are there any search engines that are friendly enough to be used in Links? Perhaps a google proxy that has no clutter, I find that Google takes a lot of navigating through the mass of links before being able to put cursor in the search bar, bing a little less, duck duck go is almost there but search results work better in google in my opinion. Is there a better search engine I can use or maybe something I can do in Links to get to the seach box faster, currently using arrow keys.


How to redirect/forward between a tun/tap device and a socket using linux tools?

I have a socks5 proxy that is bind to eth0. It opens two ports, Port1 is used to connect to remote (for example a http server), Port2 is to listen for clients to connect. Then I created a tun device. And set routing table to make all data go through the tun device. Now is my question, how to link the tun device and Port2? So all data will actually go through the socks5 proxy? I have found tun2socks that could do this. But still, I am wondering if there is other ways like using iptables to archive that.


Shell Script for going through a dir recursively and chmodding based on conditions of file type

Can anyone point me to either code or a tutorial for writing a shell script that can recursively go through an entire directory structure (starting at the current working directory, or given an required argument of where to start at) and can:   1. Determine whether an item is a directory, and if it is, `chmod 755` it, or...   2. Determine whether an item is a file (not a dir), and `chmod 644` it. I'm looking for compatibility with Ubuntu, Debian, RHEL-Based, etc., so I'm not tagging this with any particular language. I'd like this in Bash, but if you have a ZSH script, that will work also.


How to find information about the system/machine in Unix?

I have always found it difficult to find information about the system itself in Unix, whether it be   * Which OS I am using (version number and all, to compare it with the latest available builds)?   * Which Desktop Environment am I using? If I am using KDE, most of the programs begin with a K and I can say I am using KDE, but there should be some way to query this, say from a script.   * Which kernel version am I using? (For example, I am using Fedora, and I want to know what Linux kernel version I am using) Basically, what I miss is a single point/utility that can get all this information for me. Most of the times the solutions to the above would themselves be OS specific. Then, you are stuck.


destination IP mangle table

I have machine with 2 interfaces:               eth1 connected to internet (ip xx.xx.xx.xx)     eth0 connected to my laptop (ip yy.yy.yy.yy)      I add those lines to the firewall file in order to manage the bandwidth               iptables -t mangle -N TRAFFICSHAPING 2> /dev/null     iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d ! yy.yy.yy.yy -j TRAFFICSHAPING     iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -d yy.yy.yy.yy --dport 3128 -j TRAFFICSHAPING     iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -s yy.yy.yy.yy --sport 3128 -j TRAFFICSHAPING     iptables -t mangle -A FORWARD -j TRAFFICSHAPING.      in this way I control the bandwidth for all the website. What do I do need to do if I want to control a specific website? For example: if the user try to download from 4shared.com he will get 400Kb/s , and get full speed for the rest.


FTP error 553could not create file in RHEL

We need to transfer a file from local machine to remote machine. Remote machines settings is as below:               [540607@hsldevoradb ~]$ su - Saphr002     Password:     [Saphr002@hsldevoradb ~]$ pwd     /odi/CSV/in     [Saphr002@hsldevoradb ~]$ ls -ld /odi/CSV/in     drwxrwxr-x. 2 oraedw oedw 4096 Oct 28 18:33 /odi/CSV/in     [Saphr002@hsldevoradb ~]$ groups     Saphr002 oedw     [Saphr002@hsldevoradb ~]$ touch a     [Saphr002@hsldevoradb ~]$ ls     a      Here `/odi/CSV/in` is the home directory for the user Saphr002. There is full permission for the directory `/odi/CSV/in` to the user Saphr002 and we are able to create a file inside that directory remotely. But Whenever we try to transfer file from `ftp`, it will throw "553 could not create file" error.               C:\Users\osprbs01>ftp 192.168.5.52     Connected to 192.168.5.52.     220 (vsFTPd 2.2.2)     User (192.168.5.52:(none)): Saphr002     331 Please specify the password.     Password:     230 Login successful.          ftp> put test.csv.odt     200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.     553 Could not create file.     ftp>      Kindly help to transfer the file through `ftp`.


How to install much newer mpt2sas driver version in debian squeeze?

Linux debian squeeze 6.0.6 (2.6.32-5-amd64) is supplied with quite an old 02.100.03.00 version of the mpt2sas driver. I do wish to install a much **newer mpt2sas driver version**. In know there are backported kernel versions available, like bpo.3 and bpo.4. Those backports both contain version 10 of the mpt2sas driver. The mpt2sas.ko module is already blacklisted from being loaded during boot, with:               $ echo 'blacklist mpt2sas' >> /etc/modprobe.d/mpt2sas.conf; depmod; update-initramfs -u -k $(uname -r)      For this mpt2sas driver are precompiled binaries available in rpm format for RHEL5 and SLES10, and there is source code available. How can a newer much mpt2sas driver be installed in debian?


Forcing sudo to prompt for a password

If I do the following:               sudo su -     //enter password     exit     exit     //login again straight away     sudo su -      The second invocation of sudo does not request a password because even though I have logged out again, I am still within some time limit meaning that I do not need to be prompted for my password again. Because I am trying out some new privs to make sure they work, this is really slowing me down while I wait for the timeout to happen. Is there a command I can run to reset the timeout? I don't want to change the timeout or affect other users, by the way!


How do I change the GRUB default boot?

I'm trying to configure grub on my computer. I use the dual boot with Windows and Ubuntu. The grub always suggest with a countdown from 10 seconds to boot the Ubuntu. However, I do not want to be that way because other people in my home also use the computer and do not have much affinity with Linux. I wonder if there is a way to set Windows as the main option. I found these commands but I could not move much:               ~$ grub-     grub-bios-setup       grub-mkconfig         grub-mkstandalone     grub-editenv          grub-mkdevicemap      grub-mount     grub-file             grub-mkfont           grub-ntldr-img     grub-fstest           grub-mkimage          grub-probe     grub-glue-efi         grub-mklayout         grub-reboot     grub-install          grub-mknetdir         grub-render-label     grub-kbdcomp          grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2  grub-script-check     grub-macbless         grub-mkrelpath        grub-set-default     grub-menulst2cfg      grub-mkrescue         grub-syslinux2cfg      Could you help me?


TAR: better to skip directory or use split

I've got a file.tar.gz that I create and backup to Amazon S3. It's gotten bigger than Amazon's limits and thus has not been backing up. This is my current command:               tar -cpzf file.tar.gz directory/      Is it better, with TAR's --exclude functionality to skip a directory where the bulk of files live or TAR and Gzip the entire directory and then use something like 'split' to break it up into smaller chunks?


How to find files compared to the time of a specific file

How can I search for files that were modified or changed 5 minutes before and 5 minutes after, a certain file. I have tried               mint@mint ~/Desktop $ touch -t 201210101315 /tmp/timestamp     mint@mint ~/Desktop $ sudo find . ~ -cmin -5 | xargs ls -l      to create a temp file with that time stamp and search for files changed within 5 minutes but I'm only getting files changed 5 minutes within current time. What is the simplest way?


Which filesystem to use when a samba share should allow for NTFS encryption?

I'm using a NAS (Buffalo LinkStation Pro with SSH access, if that matters) which runs Linux (`2.6.31.8 #1 Fri Jun 8 11:07:30 JST 2012 armv5tel GNU/Linux`, with `smbd --version` = `Version 3.0.30-1.4.osstech`), while all clients run Windows 7. Currently, the shares are on a xfs partition. How can samba be modified such that the share behaves like an NTFS share to the clients, i.e. allowing for encryption? Or do I need to reformat the partition as an NTFS drive (or more likely, use a loop-mounted NTFS file)?


Is there an easy way to create a FreeBSD rc script?

I have a FreeBSD jail in which I run a server using the command:               /usr/sbin/daemon /path/to/script.py      At the moment I have to run this command every time I restart the machine and the jail starts. I'd like to have this command started from `/etc/rc`. Is there an easy way to create a FreeBSD rc script for a `daemon` command? * * * **UPDATE:** I read through this BSD documentation about rc scripts, and from that I created the following script in `/etc/rc.d/pytivo`:               #!/bin/sh          . /etc/rc.subr          name=pytivo     rcvar=pytivo_enable     procname="/usr/local/pytivo/pyTivo.py"          command="/usr/sbin/daemon -u jnet $procname"          load_rc_config $name     run_rc_command "$1"      This works to start the python script I am wanting as a daemon when the jail starts... (given `pytivo_enable="YES"` is in `/etc/rc.conf`) but the rc script doesn't know if the daemon is running (it thinks it isn't when it is) and it gives a warning when I try to start it:               [root@meryl /home/jnet]# /etc/rc.d/pytivo start     [: /usr/sbin/daemon: unexpected operator     Starting pytivo.     [root@meryl /home/jnet]#       So it's _close_ , and it _works_ , but I feel like I should be able to get better functionality than this.


wget duplicate files

I'm executing the command: > wget -b --no-clobber -nc -w 0 -Q 0 -r -E -e robots=off -U mozilla -t 0 --no- > dns-cache -4 -R gif,jpeg,tif,jpg,pdf,bmp,png,css,js > http://www.mywebsitearchive.com Problem: If I re-run the command (when necessary if wget abruptly stops) I get duplicates for [some] files, such as example.html and example.1.html. Oddly enough a .2.html .3.html is never created. Any idea how to prevent this?


I'm looking for a videochat/videoconferencing server software (Debian)

I'd like to host a videochat/videoconferencing server on my Debian VPS. It should be in first place SECURE and light. It should use `RTMPE` protocol because `RTMP` is not secured, `RTMPS` needs an SSL certificate from a Certificate Authority, that I don't want to buy. I have tried `Apache OpenMeetings` and it was pretty good (even though it had too many features for my needs). This software anyway is not suitable because it doesn't support `RTMPE` and the Linux and Mac flash clients do not support `RTMPS`. Which is the best free software to obtain simple and secure video-chatting or conferencing? Any alternative to RTMPE will be appreciated.


How to resize application windows in an arbitrary direction (not vertical and not horizontal)

One of the most annoying things for me in using Linux, is resizing an open window, such as a terminal window. I'd like to resize the terminal window (make it larger or smaller). But when I put the mouse at the lower right corner to grab the corner point, it is trial and error to get the mouse to become at an angle so I can resize the terminal in an arbitrary direction this way:                        \               \                \ |               ___|      It insists that I resize it either like this               ---->        or like this                 |       |       V      Sometimes it takes 5 seconds of trial error moving of the mouse around the corner of the window and error in order for the mouse to show at an angle instead of up or sideways so that the window can be resize in direction other than vertical or horizontal only. I am using standard terminal emulation that appears in the menu->system->terminal. I think this is has to do with the desktop type. I am using Linux mint 14, with xfce distribution. Is there a way to disable the horizontal and vertical resizing, and just keep the angle resizing? As I can use that for both and it is much more flexible. Now I have to first resize vertically, then resize horizontally to enlarge the window which is very silly. This actually affects all windows, not just the terminal. For example, when I open firefox, and want to resize it, same problem happens. That is why I think it is a window manager configuration issue, and not the gnome-terminal itself. In other words, I want it to work just like on windows, where I grab the corner of any window, and I can resize at an arbitrary direction always. Surely one can do this in Linux.


Can I run several TKL appliances on one server box (eg, HP Microserver)?

I'm interested in by Ubuntu-based TurnKey Linux (TKL)'s many (apparently) ready-to-use, FOSS appliances. Is it possible to create one server box (without virtualization) that runs more than one TKL appliance?


using sf probe to make u-boot faster

My uboot was running slow on a ARM cortex A9 processor based Xilinx zynq chip. Xilinx forum referred me to the following to solve this issue:                   +From 0a212cfc2dd4e4d1595de2ca2dde3f642e5707e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001              +From: Mike Looijmans <mike.looijmans@topic.nl>              +Date: Fri, 18 Apr 2014 11:15:34 +0200              +Subject: [PATCH] configs/zynq-common: Don't add parameters to "sf probe"          + command          +          +When booting from QSPI flash, the system "hangs" for a few seconds           +between reading the devicetree and reading the kernel.           +         +This only happens for "run qspiboot", it did not happen when entering         +the read commands manually. I suspect it is triggered by reading the          +environment from flash somehow.              +              +"sf probe 0 0 0" triggers this, "sf probe" does not. So do not pass          +any parameters to sf probe.          +---          + include/configs/zynq-common.h |    2 +-       + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)       +       +diff --git a/include/configs/zynq-common.h b/include/configs/zynq-common.h        +index 2c7f257..f2c1ddb 100644              +--- a/include/configs/zynq-common.h         ++++ b/include/configs/zynq-common.h         +@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@         +         "fatload mmc 0 ${loadbit_addr} ${bitstream_image} && " \              +         "fpga load 0 ${loadbit_addr} ${filesize}\0" \              +     "qspiboot=echo Booting from QSPI flash... && " \         +-        "sf probe 0 0 0 && " \              ++        "sf probe && " \              +         "sf read 0x2A00000 " STR(CONFIG_SYS_SPI_DEVTREE_OFFS) " ${devicetree_size} && " \         +         "sf read ${kernel_addr} " STR(CONFIG_SYS_SPI_UIMAGE_OFFS) " ${kernel_size} && " \         +         "bootm ${kernel_addr} - 0x2A00000\0" \              +--               +1.7.9.5              +      The link is here: But I could not get what I have to do so , as suggested above I changed `sf probe 0 0 0` to `sf probe` in zynq_common.h But even now the u-boot execution speed is the same. Is there any other correct method for making the changes?


Why I'm still able to use ssh reverse tunnel after closing reverse ssh connection?

I have created a reverse ssh tunnel to connect to a computer behind NAT using: `ssh -R 9050:localhost:22 user@middleserver` in the destination system. I closed the terminal that I entered this command in. But I'm still able to connect to the destination computer using `ssh destuser@middleserver -p 9050` from my system Is this normal?


How do I force yum to download from a specific mirror?

In a Fedora system, I can access only ftp and not http. When I try to install a package with _yum_ , it usually tries to download from http mirrors. How do I force it to download from a ftp mirror(listed here http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/17/i386/) ?


Missing "version.h" when installing fglrx

I have downloaded the fglrx driver installer from the ATI drivers page. when I start the installation, everything goes smoothly until I hit an error message, telling me to check `/usr/share/ati/fglrx-install.log`. The contents of that file are as follows: > Check if system has the tools required for installation. fglrx installation > requires that the system have kernel headers. > /lib/modules/3.8.11-200.fc18.x86_64/build/include/linux/version.h cannot be > found on this system. One or more tools required for installation cannot be > found on the system. Install the required tools before installing the fglrx > driver. Optionally, run the installer with --force option to install without > the tools. Forcing install will disable AMD hardware acceleration and may > make your system unstable. Not recommended. Now, after a bit of searching around, I found that the symbolic link called `build` in `/lib/modules/3.8.11-200.fc18.x86_64` points to a nonexistent location. I installed the `kernel-devel` package, and now it had pointed to an existing directory. However, in the `/lib/modules/3.8.11-200.fc18.x86_64/build/include/linux/` directory, that is populated with various header files - I cannot find the one I need - `version.h`. How can I solve this problem? Should I install the driver in a different manner? Which other package can I install to get the `version.h` file? I'm running a clean install (default) of Fedora 18, which I had updated today.


NFS partition mounted as read only

(Disclaimer: I've read "NFS sharing is read only" and I think it's not the same problem) I have just setup NFS on my raspberry (Raspbian) and I'm trying to access it from OSX. So far so good, I can mount the partition but unfortunately it's **read only**. Some more info: ## Client (OSX)               ➜  ~ mount     /dev/disk0s2 on / (hfs, local, journaled)     devfs on /dev (devfs, local, nobrowse)     map -hosts on /net (autofs, nosuid, automounted, nobrowse)     map auto_home on /home (autofs, automounted, nobrowse)     192.168.1.102:/export/data on /media (nfs)          ➜  ~  ls -ld /media         drwxr-xr-x  3 root  wheel  4096 Mar  8 15:57 /media      ## Server (Raspbian)               pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cat /etc/exports           /export       192.168.0.0/16(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_subtree_check,async)     /export/data  192.168.0.0/16(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async)          pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cat /etc/idmapd.conf      [General]          Verbosity = 0     Pipefs-Directory = /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs     # set your own domain here, if id differs from FQDN minus hostname     # Domain = localdomain          [Mapping]          Nobody-User = nobody     Nobody-Group = nogroup      As I said the problem comes when trying to create a file in the mounted directory:               ➜  /media  touch foo     touch: foo: Permission denied     ➜  /media  sudo touch foo     Password:     touch: foo: Permission denied      Note that **I can create a file from the server** , the problem must be in the nfs mount. (BTW I followed this guide to set the whole thing up) ## Additional info (edit): Here's how I'm mounting the partition on osx: `sudo mount -t nfs -o rw 192.168.1.102:/export/data /media`


Short read while trying to open partition

On my personal home computer running Kubuntu Linux 13.04 I'm having trouble mounting a partition that is very dear to me. My backup policy is to perform a backup about monthly, so I do have a backup from August :). Is there any way to recover the personal files that are on this drive? The drive is a 1.5 year old 1000 GiB Western Digital Green drive, with home mounted on `/dev/sdc2`, the filesystem root on `/dev/sdc6`, and media files on `/dev/sdc3`. Therefore of course `sdc2` would be the one to go! So far as I know there were no power outages or other such events during the life of the drive. I managed to get this information by running a Kubuntu LiveCD:               kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l          Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes     255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors     Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes                                                                                Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes     I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes     Disk identifier: 0x00008044            Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System     /dev/sdc1   *        4094    88066047    44030977    5  Extended     /dev/sdc2        88066048  1419266047   665600000   83  Linux     /dev/sdc3      1419266048  1953523711   267128832   83  Linux     /dev/sdc5            4096     6146047     3070976   82  Linux swap / Solaris     /dev/sdc6         6148096    47106047    20478976   83  Linux     /dev/sdc7        47108096    88066047    20478976   83  Linux               kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdc2 c1     mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc2,       missing codepage or helper program, or other error       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try       dmesg | tail  or so                 kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ sudo debugfs -c /dev/sdc2      debugfs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)          /dev/sdc2: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read while opening filesystem     debugfs:  quit               kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ sudo fsck /dev/sdc2     fsck from util-linux 2.20.1     e2fsck 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)     fsck.ext4: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read while trying to open /dev/sdc2     Could this be a zero-length partition?               kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ sudo fsck.ext4 -v /dev/sdc2     e2fsck 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)         fsck.ext4: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in short read while trying to open /dev/sdc2     Could this be a zero-length partition?               kubuntu@kubuntu:~$ dmesg | tail     [ 2684.532855] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):     [ 2684.532858]         72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00      [ 2684.532876]         05 3f c8 b0      [ 2684.532885] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdc]       [ 2684.532893] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed     [ 2684.532898] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB:      [ 2684.532902] Read(10): 28 00 05 3f c8 b0 00 00 08 00     [ 2684.532917] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 88066224     [ 2684.532927] Buffer I/O error on device sdc2, logical block 22     [ 2684.532973] ata6: EH complete      Help me Unix & Linux, you're our only hope.


Multiple processes reporting signals received

If I run multiple programs with `program &` in one terminal, and then from another one start sending `SIGKILL` `SIGINT` or any other signal, will the terminal running all the processes tell me what process received what signal?


Installing GCC 4.5 on Fedora 16

The default GCC package available in the Fedora 16 repositories is `gcc-4.6`. I need to install `gcc-4.5` on my system.   I downloaded the packages from the kijo repository, but when I try to install them it shows that a newer `libstdc++4.6` is installed. If I try to uninstall `libstdc++4.6` it tries to uninstall the system itself! (Almost every package in the system). And it would not allow me install `libstdc++4.5` along with `libstdc++4.6`. Is there a easy way that I can install `gcc-4.5` on my system?


Parameter splitting

I have a bash script that is a simple wrapper around another process:               $ cat ~/bin/s3cmd     #!/bin/sh     trickle -u 80 ~/bin/s3cmd.py $*     $      This works great when the parameters don't contain spaces. However, it seems to fail whenever the parameters passed to the outer `s3cmd` script contain spaces, even if those are escaped on the command line. How do I whitespace-proof this, such that each single parameter is passed on properly to `s3cmd.py`?


Where does g++ store compiled sources?

I compiled an application with a Makefile and g++ and it turned out, that g++ doesn't have to recompile the whole application again when I modify the Makefile (I changed to paths to the dynamic link libraries). At that time the application haven't yet compiled successfully, so there was no final executable application available. But g++ didn't compile the whole application again.   Where is this information or compiled sources stored? I didn't see anything neither in /tmp nor in any hidden file within my home dir, nor within the root directory of the application itself. (Maybe I didn't look well enough).


Identifying files with special characters in its name in a terminal

Something strange happened today.   I was connected to an HP server with putty, and saw two files with exact same name: > -rw-r--r-- 1 hemantj 3368 Apr 1 12:47 test   >  -rw-r--r-- 1 hemantj 20 Sep 1 12:47 test It was very strange as you can't have files with the same name. Later when I was connected with FileZilla I saw that there is some special   character at the end of the second file name. My Question: is it possible to highlight special characters in the file name in a terminal? I am connected to HP-UX and my shell is tcsh and ksh. **EDIT:** Thanks all for your reply but I think Keymon's solution is the simplest and more portable.   +1 for all of you -- I learned a lot from your responses


Display file using Dialog

I have a file on disk which contains some text I want to display on the screen. You can do it like this:               dialog --yesno "`cat FILE`" 10 100      However, I'm concerned that if `FILE` becomes large, I'm likely to exceed the command length limits of the shell. Is there some other way to accomplish this task? I want to display the contents of the file so the user can scroll through it (if it's _really_ long), and then select what to do next. (I've relabelled the "yes" and "no" buttons to something more meaningful.) Presumably trying to pipe six pages of text through the command line like this is going to break.


Cannot add ubuntu to the suse grub

I am running SuSE 11.2. I also have windows and Ubuntu on the same machine. The problem is that I cannot get Ubuntu to show as a boot option on SuSE's grub. The Ubuntu partition is on `/dev/sda5`. Here is my `/boot/grub/menu.lst`:               # Modified by YaST2. Last modification on Wed Sep 15 13:08:06 SAST 2010     # THIS FILE WILL BE PARTIALLY OVERWRITTEN by perl-Bootloader     # Configure custom boot parameters for updated kernels in /etc/sysconfig/bootloader          default 0     timeout 8     ##YaST - generic_mbr     gfxmenu (hd0,2)/boot/message     ##YaST - activate          ###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: linux###     title Desktop -- openSUSE 11.2 - 2.6.31.12-0.2         root (hd0,2)         kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31.12-0.2-desktop root=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST3160815AS_9RX3KRP8-part3 resume=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST3160815AS_9RX3KRP8-part2 splash=silent quiet showopts vga=0x31a         initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.31.12-0.2-desktop          ###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: failsafe###     title Failsafe -- openSUSE 11.2 - 2.6.31.12-0.2         root (hd0,2)         kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31.12-0.2-desktop root=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST3160815AS_9RX3KRP8-part3 showopts apm=off noresume nosmp maxcpus=0 edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max_cstate=1 x11failsafe vga=0x31a         initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.31.12-0.2-desktop          ###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: windows###     title Windows         rootnoverify (hd0,0)         chainloader +1          #Don’t change this comment – YaST2 identifier: Original name: none#     title Ubuntu 10.04         root (hd0,4)         kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda5 ro quiet splash         initrd /initrd.img


Change terminal resolution on Whiite (Wii Linux)

Is there a way to change the terminal resolution in Whiite (Linux for Wii)? All the answers I can find suggest editing grub configuration, but Whiite uses a custom bootloader instead of grub.


Stop compiz from animating chromium history drop-down box?

I don't know how to stop compiz from animating the drop-down list from chromium browser, it only appears if you type something, and disappears when focus is lost. Any ideas on how to do it? I just don't want the default window animation to be applied on that. **EDIT** Doesn't seem to work: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/2nMQG.png)


SSH key-only remote login, is disabling password a good practice?

I need a maintenance user which only requires a remote login. I'll preferably use only public keys to login into the account. I thought of just creating the user with `useradd myuser`, adding later the required public keys to its `authorized_hosts` file. `useradd` disables the password by default. Do I still require to run a `passwd -l myuser` to lock it? Any drawbacks here?


Prevent Wacom tablet from moving mouse pointer

I have a Wacom CTF-221 graphics tablet, and I use it with Linux Wacom drivers. However when I draw it's annoying that the mouse pointer moves with the pen and clicks outside of the drawing window. When I draw in GIMP, I see another pointer that is "locked" inside the image, so I think that my PC sees two devices, one as a tablet and one as a virtual mouse. Is it possible to disable this behavior, so that my tablet movement will be seen only by the program I'm drawing to?


install BIND9 AS A source RPMs

I want to install BIND9 with its source code on Linux (CentOS 6.3), we know by using `yum install bind*` we don't get the source code, we get only the binary files. Can anybody explain to me how to install BIND with its whole source code especially the `.c` files by using source RPM? Something like this:               $ yumdownloader --source module-init-tools


Processor use and core use

I want to play around with threading and parallelism. I know my processor has multiple cores, but do not know how to see what is happening on each of them. What is the right way to access this information? More concretely, I am planning the following: I imagine writing a little program that launches several threads, these threads should then be spread over the cores and communicate with each other where needed. I would like to be able to observe where which thread is running, any hints? I am completely new to trying this kind of thing (I would also be quite happy with any information related to this that does not directly address this question). Best, Bart (googling only got me to "cat /proc/cpuinfo", which seems to tell me I have 7 processors. This is not a true fact, which tells me I do not know how to read this output.)


Using a variable in a regex

How can I use a variable string in a regular expressions                while read line         do             if [[ line =~ *"$key"* ]]; then                 echo line             fi         done < "$filename"      `$key` is a string variable and I want to print all the lines that has the value of `$key`


Nautilus alternative for debian

I am having a hard time installing Marlin on Debian. PPA command doesn't seem to be working in Debian. Is there any other way I can get rid of Nautilus and install another alternative? Or better yet get Nautilus to not eat up CPU like cereals for breakfast.


How to clone btrfs filesystem into different medium preserving snapshots' sharing data

I have decided to give btrfs raid capabilities a try. I set up a btrfs with               sudo mkfs.btrfs -m raid10 -d raid10 /dev/sda9 /dev/sdb9 /dev/sdc9 /dev/sdd9      Now I want to clone my existing btrfs partition, (which sits on top of linux- raid). can't use a simple `cp -a`, because there is over 40 snapshot-based backups (which I wish to preserve), and I would simply overfill all the storage I can spare multiple times. So far I can see two options:               partclone.btrfs -s /path/to/original/fs -o /dev/sda9 -b      and I suppose I would also need to `btrfs balance start /dev/sda9` and do: incrementaly copy with `cp -a` as much as fits into the storage, and then use `bedup` to de-duplicate files, and loop. What is the preferred (i.e. best-practice) method? I would much prefer the first one; it should take much less time. Or maybe there is some evil "gotcha" lurking in any of this procedures (beside the fact that btrfs is experimental, of course) * * * The first question is simply out of question; however wonderful tool the `partclone.btrfs` is, it obviously doesn't support multi-device file systems. :-(


Tool to create a bad physical location report on disk

I am in need of a tool that would run on an Ubuntu system that would be able to report the following:   1. Bad physical locations on a disk (cylinders, sectors)   2. Files that are affected by these bad locations. Filesystem I currently have is NTFS but it would be good to have for ext2/3/4 as well.


Going into a directory linked by a link

When I `cd` a link, my current path is prefixed with the link's path, rather than the path of the directory the link links to. E.g.               ~/dirlinks/maths$ ls -l logic     lrwxrwxrwx 1 tim tim 71 Jul 27 10:24 logic -> /windows-d/academic discipline/study objects/areas/formal systems/logic          ~/dirlinks/maths$ cd logic     ~/dirlinks/maths/logic$ pwd     /home/tim/dirlinks/maths/logic          ~/dirlinks/maths/logic$ cd ..     ~/dirlinks/maths$      I would like to have my current path changed to the path of the linked dir, so that I can work with the parent dirs of the linked dir as well. Besides `ls` the link to find out the linked dir, and then `cd` into it, what are some simpler ways to accomplish that? For example, after `cd` into a link, how do you change your current path to the path of the linked dir?


A better paste command

I have the following two files ( I padded the lines with dots so every line in a file is the same width and made file1 all caps to make it more clear).               contents of file1:          ETIAM......     SED........     MAECENAS...     DONEC......     SUSPENDISSE          contents of file2          Lorem....     Proin....     Nunc.....     Quisque..     Aenean...     Nam......     Vivamus..     Curabitur     Nullam...      Notice that file2 is longer than file1. When I run this command:               paste file1 file2      I get this output               ETIAM...... Lorem....     SED........ Proin....     MAECENAS... Nunc.....     DONEC...... Quisque..     SUSPENDISSE Aenean...         Nam......         Vivamus..         Curabitur         Nullam...      **What can I do for the output to be as follows ?**               ETIAM...... Lorem....     SED........ Proin....     MAECENAS... Nunc.....     DONEC...... Quisque..     SUSPENDISSE Aenean...                 Nam......                 Vivamus..                 Curabitur                 Nullam...      I tried               paste file1 file2 | column -t      but it does this:               ETIAM......  Lorem....     SED........  Proin....     MAECENAS...  Nunc.....     DONEC......  Quisque..     SUSPENDISSE  Aenean...     Nam......     Vivamus..     Curabitur     Nullam...      non as ugly as original output but wrong column-wise anyway.


Count lines matching pattern and matching previous line

I want to count the number of times that a role is successfully deleted. The problem is that one line of the log file will show that the script is about to delete the role:               Prepare to remove role X      The next line will tell me if the delete is successful or not: Successful delete:               Delete Successful      Unsuccessful delete:               Failed to delete role X: error code      How do I count the number of successful Role deletes? I would just use the following grep:               grep "Delete Successful" | wc -l      HOWEVER, I am also deleting policies which is logged in the same manner as the roles are above. IE:               Prepare to delete policy X     Delete Successful      OR               Failed to delete policy X: error code      Any way to search for "Prepare to delete role" on one line and then count the number of times the very next line says "delete successful?"


LILO vga option

In `LILO` config file (`/etc/lilo.conf`) what's the difference between specifying `vga` option in `Global` section and when specifying it in `per- image` section.


How to use command line to change volume?

I am trying to control the volume using my programming script. How can I do the following in Fedora 15, Ubuntu linux?   1. Mute/ Unmute   2. Volume up and volume down Note: Please note that I use a web USB microphone/speaker and also Analogue microphone/speaker. I want to apply to all to be sure.