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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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---
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---
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license: mit
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task_categories:
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- other
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tags:
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- pde
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- optimal-control
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- operator-learning
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- deeponet
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- differentiable-predictive-control
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- scientific-machine-learning
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pretty_name: PDE Control with DPC and Time-Integrated Neural Operators
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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---
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# PDE Control — TI-DeepONet Training Datasets
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Simulation datasets for **"Learning to Control PDEs with Differentiable Predictive Control
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and Time-Integrated Neural Operators"**.
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- 📄 Paper: [arXiv:2511.08992](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08992)
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- 💻 Code: [github.com/Centrum-IntelliPhysics/PDEControl_DPC](https://github.com/Centrum-IntelliPhysics/PDEControl_DPC)
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These are the trajectory datasets used to train the **TI-DeepONet surrogates**. Each file
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holds 3000 controlled trajectories generated by a classical numerical solver under randomly
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sampled control sequences.
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> **You may not need these.** The pretrained checkpoints are committed in the code
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> repository, and both notebooks in each experiment directory run without any download.
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> You need these files only to retrain a surrogate from scratch.
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## Files
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| File | System | Size | Trajectories | Timesteps | Controls |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| `heat_dataset_dpc.npz` | 1D heat equation | 895 MB | 3000 | 401 | 4 |
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| `burgers_smooth_f_dataset.npz` | 1D Burgers' equation | 670 MB | 3000 | 301 | 2 |
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| `reaction_diffusion_dataset200.npz` | 1D reaction–diffusion | 893 MB | 3000 | 401 | 4 |
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All arrays are `float64`. Spatial resolution is $N = 100$ on $x \in [0,1]$ with
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$\Delta t = 10^{-3}$ throughout.
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## Contents
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Each `.npz` contains:
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| Key | Shape | Meaning |
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|---|---|---|
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| `solutions` | `(3000, T+1, 100)` | state trajectories $u(x,t)$ |
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| `controls` | `(3000, T, n_c)` | control amplitudes $c_i(t)$ |
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| `x` | `(100,)` | spatial grid, `linspace(0, 1, 100)` |
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| `dt` | scalar | time step, `1e-3` |
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Plus per-system physical parameters:
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- **heat** — `nu` (diffusivity, 0.1), `centers` (4 actuator positions), `sigma` (actuator width)
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- **burgers** — no extra keys; actuator geometry lives in the code's `config.py`
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- **reaction–diffusion** — `D` (diffusivity, 0.01), `r` (reaction rate, 1.0), `centers`, `sigma`
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Control enters every system as a sum of Gaussian sources:
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$$f(x,t) = \sum_{i=1}^{n_c} c_i(t)\,\exp\!\left(-\frac{(x - x_i)^2}{2\sigma^2}\right)$$
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## Generation
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| System | Solver |
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|---|---|
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| Heat | Crank–Nicolson |
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| Burgers' | Upwind advection + forward Euler |
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| Reaction–diffusion | Backward Euler + Newton iteration, Neumann BCs |
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The generating scripts are in the code repository (`heat_1D_gen.py`,
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`Burgers_1D_smooth_f_gen.py`, `RD_1D_gen2.py`), so every file here is reproducible from
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source.
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## Usage
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/Centrum-IntelliPhysics/PDEControl_DPC.git
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cd PDEControl_DPC
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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python download_data.py # all three
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python download_data.py heat # or just one
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```
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Files land where each `config.py` expects them. Then:
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```bash
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cd HE_TT && python train_ti_don.py --epochs 120000
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```
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To load one directly:
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```python
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import numpy as np
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d = np.load("heat_dataset_dpc.npz")
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print(d["solutions"].shape) # (3000, 401, 100)
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print(d["controls"].shape) # (3000, 400, 4)
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```
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{sarkar2025learningcontrolpdesdifferentiable,
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title={Learning to Control PDEs with Differentiable Predictive Control and Time-Integrated Neural Operators},
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author={Dibakar Roy Sarkar and Ján Drgoňa and Somdatta Goswami},
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year={2025},
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eprint={2511.08992},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CE},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08992},
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}
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```
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## License
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MIT, matching the code repository.
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