directory stringclasses 119
values | filename stringlengths 13 32 | texts listlengths 0 514 |
|---|---|---|
C10 | C10-2119.json | [
"In recent years a variety of statistical models for realization ranking that take syntax into account have been proposed, including generative models (Bangalore and Rambow, 2000; Cahill and van Genabith, 2006; Hogan et al., 2007; Guo et al., 2008) , maximum entropy models (Velldal and Oepen, 2005; Nakanishi et al.... |
C82 | C82-1046.json | [
"The USSR Center for Translation of Scientific and Technical Literature and Documentation Moscow, USSR",
"The paper outlines fields of application of machine translation systems and computer dictionaries in technical translation as well as possible ways of development and operation of computer dictionaries. Inter... |
E03 | E03-1043.json | [
"The first Slovenian-German and German-Slovenian online dictionary is available at http ://www. stud.uni -h amburg. de/users/1.)i rte/slo Its current version, which was completed in November 2002, contains more than 4,800 entries covering the content of a beginners' textbook for Slovenian.",
"Section 2 gives some... |
A97 | A97-1004.json | [
"The task of identifying sentence boundaries in text has not received as much attention as it deserves. Many freely available natural language processing tools require their input to be divided into sentences, but make no mention of how to accomplish this (e.g. (Brill, 1994; Collins, 1996) ). Others perform the div... |
acl | 2021.acl-srw.1.json | [
"Recently, deep neural network models have emerged in various fields of natural language processing (NLP) and replaced the mainstream position of conventional count-based methods (Lample et al., 2016; Vaswani et al., 2017; Serban et al., 2016) . In addition to providing significant performance improvements, neural ... |
conll | 2020.conll-1.17.json | [
"The rampant success enjoyed by contextualized language models (CLMs) like CoVe (McCann et al., 2017) , ElMo (Peters et al., 2018) , BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) , and RoBERTa (Liu et al., 2019b) has precipitated a deluge of research into analyzing and interpreting their functionality. But to date, there has been lit... |
D16 | D16-1217.json | [
"Interest in sentiment analysis spans academic and commercial domains, with wide-ranging applications (Pang and Lee, 2008; Liu, 2012) . While the majority of tools for sentiment analysis have been developed for English text, ideally sentiment and emotion could be analyzed across many languages. Does one need to bui... |
C16 | C16-1095.json | [
"This paper describes our rapid construction of NER systems, as a part of a pilot study of Linguistic Rapid Response to potential emergency humanitarian relief situations. When a disaster strikes a community that speaks a low-resource language without an existing NLP infrastructure, how long would it take to put su... |
constraint | 2022.constraint-1.1.json | [
"The unwarranted spread of misinformation (Wu et al., 2019; Hardalov et al., 2022) , propaganda (Da San Martino et al., 2020a,b) , fake news (Lazer et al., 2018; Vosoughi et al., 2018) , COVID-19 infodemic Nakov et al., 2022) , hate speech (MacAvaney et al., 2019; Zampieri et al., 2019a) , and other harmful content... |
dravidianlangtech | 2021.dravidianlangtech-1.9.json | [
"Code-Switching is a common phenomenon which occurs in many bilingual and multilingual communities around the world. It is characterized by the usage of more than one language in a single utterance (Sitaram et al., 2019; Priyadharshini et al., 2020) . India is one such place with many communities using different Co... |
C12 | C12-1172.json | [
"A major bottleneck for any kind of conversational system is provision of sufficient content, and if one wishes to avoid repetition and to cover the many possible user inputs, there must be a substantial amount of content. In the case of chatbots such as ALICE (Wallace, 2009) , the content is custom-crafted to be a... |
E93 | E93-1060.json | [
"We propose a method for analyzing long complex and compound sentences that utilizes global structure analysis with domain-specific pattern grammar.",
"Previously, long sentence analysis with global information used the following methods: two-level analysis--global structure analysis of long sentences with domain... |
E09 | E09-1063.json | [
"State-of-the-art Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) requires a certain amount of bilingual corpora as training data in order to achieve competitive results. The only assumption of most current statistical models (Brown et al., 1993; Vogel et al., 1996; Deng and Byrne, 2005) is that the aligned sentences in such... |
D15 | D15-1263.json | [
"Sentiment analysis and opinion mining are among the most widely-used applications of language technology, impacting both industry and a variety of other academic disciplines (Feldman, 2013; Liu, 2012; Pang and Lee, 2008 ). Yet sentiment analysis is still dominated by bag-of-words approaches, and attempts to includ... |
acl | 2020.acl-main.619.json | [
"With the exponential popularity of deep learning approaches for a great range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks being integrated in our daily life, the need to address the issues of gender fairness 1 and gender bias has become a growing interdisciplinary concern. Present-day studies on a variety of NLP-re... |
E91 | E91-1005.json | [
"Scrambling, both local and long-distance, has recently attracted considerable attention among linguists and computational linguists. In this paper, we will explore the adequacy of the Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG) formalism for dealing with long-distance scrambling I in German. We will show that TAGs cannot capture... |
ccl | 2020.ccl-1.15.json | [
"1 引 引 引言 言 言 *通讯作者 c 2020 中国计算语言学大会 根据《Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License》许可出版 邵敬敏 (2013)注意到了疑问句形式与功能的关系，指出疑问句可分为结构类和功能类，其 中功能类包括回声问、反问、设问。但这些类别实际上并不完全是功能类，比如回声问主要是 针对上文的句子或者句子中的部分词语发出疑问，这仍是从形式上概括的。显然，功能类倾向 于无疑，而\"疑问\"本身是一个模糊的概念，在\"有疑而问\"与\"无疑而问\"之间存在疑问程度不同 的句子。徐杰、张林林 (1995)，徐盛桓 (1999)都强调疑问句内部存... |
D18 | D18-1497.json | [
"A classic problem that arises in (distributed) representation learning is that it is difficult to determine what information individual dimensions in an embedding encode. When training a classifier to distinguish between images of people and landscapes, we do not know a priori whether the model is sensitive to dif... |
D18 | D18-1491.json | [
"Long short term memory (LSTM) units (Hochreiter and Schmidhuber, 1997) are popular for many sequence modeling tasks and are used extensively in language modeling. A key to their success is their articulated gating structure, which allows for more control over the information passed along the recurrence. However, d... |
bcs | 1984.bcs-1.29.json | [
"Machine translation has been going for more than thirty years and yet it is still far from being in wide use. The reason is of course many sided. One thing worth noticing is that the existing machine translation systems are implemented on large computers and not everybody can get access to them. Since wide use and... |
D18 | D18-1376.json | [
"Online discussion forums allow people to join indepth conversations about different topics in form of threads. Each thread corresponds to one conversation, which is initiated by a post and users respond to it with comments. In addition, a comment can be further replied by another comment, forming a discussion tree... |
earlymt | 1976.earlymt-1.25.json | [
"The more programmers there are, the lower their average skill. In the e a r l y days of computation, t h e few programmers were brilliant; ss the number has increased, the number of brilliant programmers has gone up, but the number of adequate or inadequate programmers has gone up f a s t e r .",
"The buyer of a... |
emnlp | 2021.emnlp-main.401.json | [
"The Situated and Interactive Multimodal Conversational AI (SIMMC) challenge (Moon et al., 2020) , held as part of DSTC9 (Gunasekara et al., 2020) , aimed to lay the foundations for the real-world assistant agents that can handle multimodal inputs, and perform multimodal actions. Specifically, it provided the SIMMC... |
C69 | C69-0200.json | [
"Instead, it is a conceptual parser, concerned with determining the underlying meaning of the input. Given a natural language input, the parser identifies and disambiguates the concepts derivable from that input and places them into a network that explicates their inter-relations with respect to the unambiguous mea... |
D18 | D18-1145.json | [
"Language is a form of action, and written occurrences constitute a performance of power and control (Fairclough, 2001) . Research in natural language processing has long focused on distilling the constituents of writing that conveys authority (Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil et al., 2012) , dominance (Bradley and Lang, 19... |
C12 | C12-2020.json | [
"Current studies in plagiarism detection are mostly focused on the detection of plagiarised segments in a collection of documents or within a document. The direction of plagiarism is thus predetermined. Original documents and plagiarised documents are provided separately and the task is to determine which segments ... |
D12 | D12-1012.json | [
"Named-entity recognition (NER) is the task of identifying mentions of rigid designators from text belonging to named-entity types such as persons, organizations and locations (Nadeau and Sekine, 2007) . Generic NER rules have been shown to work reasonably well-out-of-the-box, and with further domain customization ... |
acl | 2020.acl-main.534.json | [
"Identifying the most influential articles is of great importance in many areas of research. It is often the case that we are increasingly exposed to numerous papers published every day. Research on influence evaluation can be applied to measure the scholarly impact of universities and research facilities. Besides,... |
emnlp | 2021.emnlp-main.199.json | [
"Paraphrase generation (Prakash et al., 2016a; Cao et al., 2016; Ma et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018) is the task of generating an output sentence which is semantically identical to a given input sentence but with variations in lexicon or syntax. It is a long-standing problem in the field of natural language process... |
acl | 2020.acl-main.38.json | [
"Neural machine translation has achieved great success in the last few years (Bahdanau et al., 2015; Gehring et al., 2017; Vaswani et al., 2017) . The Transformer (Vaswani et al., 2017) , which has outperformed previous RNN/CNN based translation models (Bahdanau et al., 2015; Gehring et al., 2017) , is based on mul... |
earlymt | 1962.earlymt-1.7.json | [
"Summary-After a historical introduction, a notation is described by means of which the syntactic structure of any sentence in any language in terms of immediate constituents can be expressed. The notation is designed so as to give complete information as to the componency and equipollence relations of the units re... |
C12 | C12-1065.json | [
"The last decade has seen an increasing interest in building automatic readability assessment systems. Such systems can help users in finding texts that they can understand, for example by identifying appropriate texts from the huge number of documents available on the web (Bennöhr, 2005; Miltsakaki, 2009; Ott and ... |
A97 | A97-2017.json | [
"yorick@dcs, shef. ac. uk For a variety of reasons NLP has recently spawned a related engineering discipline called language engineering (LE), whose orientation is towards the application of NLP techniques to solving large-scale, real-world language processing problems in a robust and predictable way. Aside from th... |
eacl | 2021.eacl-main.164.json | [
"Autoregressive sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) neural architectures have become the de facto approach in Machine Translation (MT). Such models include Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) (Sutskever et al., 2014; and Transformer networks (Vaswani et al., 2017) , among others. However, these models have as a serious limi... |
cmcl | 2022.cmcl-1.15.json | [
"In the last decade that has seen rapid developments in AI research, the emergence of the Transformer architecture ) marked a pivotal point in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Fine-tuning pretrained language models to work on various downstream tasks has become a dominant method of obtaining state-of-the-art perf... |
C16 | C16-2031.json | [
"Wikipedia has become an indispensable resource in knowledge acquisition and text understanding for both human beings and computers. The task of wikification or Entity Linking aims at disambiguating mentions (sub-strings) in text to the corresponding titles (entries) in Wikipedia. For English text, this problem has... |
coling | 2020.coling-main.220.json | [
"Automatic video to text translation is a very difficult, still unsolved problem, at the intersection of natural language processing, machine learning and computer vision which has been widely researched in the last years (Aafaq et al., 2019) . Its applications are varied and far reaching, with impact in virtually ... |
emnlp | 2020.emnlp-main.540.json | [
"Legal Judgment Prediction(LJP) aims to predict a law case's judgment results given a fact description text. LJP mainly contains three sub-tasks, law article prediction, charge prediction, and terms of penalty prediction. In the civil law system, the correct prediction of law article prediction can help improve the... |
D08 | D08-1058.json | [
"In recent years, sentiment analysis (including subjective/objective analysis, polarity identification, opinion extraction, etc.) has drawn much attention in the NLP field. In this study, the objective of sentiment analysis is to annotate a given text for polarity orientation (positive/negative). Polarity orientati... |
acl | 2020.acl-main.138.json | [
"Sequence labeling systems are generally trained on clean text, although in real-world scenarios, they often follow an error-prone upstream component, such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR; Neudecker, 2016) or Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR; Parada et al., 2011) . Sequence labeling is also often performed o... |
D19 | D19-6125.json | [
"Named Entity Recognition (NER) is one of the primary tasks in information extraction pipelines. (Ma and Hovy, 2016; Lample et al., 2016; Peters et al., 2018; Akbik et al., 2018) . Traditional studies apply statistical techniques such as Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) using large amo... |
C82 | C82-1052.json | [
"Reading newspapers may be seen as an \"everyday cognitive task\". Therefore it is not astonishing that some work in Artificial Intelligence aims at the simulation of aspects of the understanding processes of newspaper readers [Eisenstadt 1977; Rosenberg 1977] . There have even been pioneering system~: the Script ~... |
C88 | C88-1083.json | [
"From a computational point of vlew there is an important difficulty of an adequate formalization of both assertion and presupposition, It rests on dividing utterances into an explicit part (assertion) and an implicit one (presupposition).",
"Frege 118921 refused any explication of this implicit part, because of ... |
C88 | C88-2138.json | [
"l.e~icoii-drtvert forinalisi'ns (e, {I. Categorial Gramm~r, ili', , which dn r~ol have e×plicil phrase slitil~ilJre tales, ai'~ sutlable for higher le, vel syritax but eel far low level b.liigu~ljospoclfi(; ooii~trtlclions Stlch as dales (Jely l{; th, 15, at, ; ) , wlitch sootri to require lhe power of phrase .~it... |
eacl | 2021.eacl-main.154.json | [
"Language model pre-training has become a key component to improve performances on a majority of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks . Most of the recent competitive architectures Lan et al., 2020; Radford et al., 2018) are based on the efficient transformer layer introduced in Vaswani et al. (2017) . BERT is o... |
conll | 2020.conll-1.31.json | [
"In 2013, World Economic Forum (WEF) listed massive digital misinformation as one of the top global risks likely to occur in 10 years 1 . Unfortunately, we witnessed many unpleasant incidents due to misinformation spread over Internet such as massive stock price changes 2 , gunfights 3 , and others. Since the start... |
acl | 2021.acl-long.217.json | [
"Event extraction is an essential task for natural language understanding, aiming to transform the text into event records (Doddington et al., 2004; Ahn, 2006) . For example, in Figure 1 , mapping \"The man returned to Los Angeles from Mexico following his capture Tuesday by bounty hunters.\" into two event records... |
bionlp | 2021.bionlp-1.23.json | [
"Medical language processing (MLP), i.e., natural language processing (NLP) for the electronic medical record (EMR), has drawn significant attention over the past few decades (Rector et al., 1991; Friedman et al., 2004; Stevenson et al., 2012; Koleck et al., 2021) . EMR normally records the entire process of a pati... |
C69 | C69-5900.json | [] |
emnlp | 2020.emnlp-main.577.json | [
"Knowledge graphs (KGs) are a general-purpose approach for storing information in a structured, machine-accessible way (Van Harmelen et al., 2008) . They are used in various fields and domains to model knowledge about topics as different as lexical semantics (Fellbaum, 2005; van Assem et al., 2006) , common sense (... |
amta | 2012.amta-commercial.4.json | [
"It is generally agreed that, in commercial contexts, machine translation (MT) output still needs to be post-edited in order to be acceptable to, and usable by, end-users. However, a number of factors have generated interest in the possibility of using raw, i.e. non post-edited, MT output. First, the quality of raw... |
C10 | C10-1041.json | [
"Search queries present a particular challenge for traditional spelling correction methods. New search queries emerge constantly. As a result, many queries contain valid search terms, such as proper nouns and names, which are not well established in the language. Therefore, recent research has focused on the use of... |
amta | 2014.amta-researchers.16.json | [
"The China Workshop on Machine Translation has always been focusing on catching the latest development of Machine Translation (MT) and promoting the communication between related organizations in China. By convention, we organized a unified machine translation evaluation in 2013, sponsored by Chinese Information Pr... |
C12 | C12-2067.json | [
"Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is an indispensable pre-processing requirement for many Chinese language processing tasks, such as named entity recognition, syntactic parsing, semantic parsing, information extraction, and machine translation. Although state-of-the-art CWS systems report a high performance at the l... |
eamt | 2008.eamt-1.24.json | [
"Today, an ideal speech-to-speech translation system enabling a healthcare provider to communicate naturally with a patient across two different languages during a medical encounter is still well beyond what is possible given the state of the art. It is thus necessary to find good tradeoffs, and develop methodologi... |
C69 | C69-3000.json | [] |
amta | 2010.amta-papers.34.json | [
"System combination merges the output of several machine translation systems to form an improved translation. While individual systems perform similarly overall, human evaluators report different error distributions for each system (Peterson et al., 2009b) . For example, some systems are weak at word order while ot... |
C96 | C96-2117.json | [
"In the conventional approach to honorification in Korcan, attention has becn paid to subject honorification and a scntencc itself though the Korean honorification system consists of three types of honorification (that is, subject honorification, object honorifieation, and addrcssec honorification) and the scntence... |
C80 | C80-1084.json | [
"Den Abschlu[3 bildet ein Ausblick auf noch zu 15sende Fragen und auf Anwendungsmtiglichkeite-n, auch im Hinblick auf die Ubertragbarkeit auf andere Themenbereiche."
] |
eamt | 2006.eamt-1.24.json | [
"Almost all research in MT being carried out today is corpus-based, with by far the most dominant paradigm being phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). Phrasebased models have recently achieved considerable improvements in translation quality; however, they still face difficulty when it comes to modeli... |
acl | 2020.acl-main.740.json | [
"Today's pretrained language models are trained on massive, heterogeneous corpora (Raffel et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019) . For instance, ROBERTA was trained on over 160GB of uncompressed text, with sources ranging from Englishlanguage encyclopedic and news articles, to literary works and web content. Representati... |
dash | 2021.dash-1.1.json | [
"Domain-specific conceptual bases are a method for grasping the domain at a high level by capturing the notions that generally make up a domain. While ontology focus on formal representations and system of categories encompassing the domain information and conceptual models focus on linking the general ontological ... |
coling | 2020.coling-main.12.json | [
"Emotion cause analysis is a research branch of sentiment analysis and has gained increasing popularity in recent years Gui et al., 2016; . Its goal is to identify the potential causes that lead to the certain emotion. This is very useful in fields such as electronic commerce, where the sellers may concern about us... |
case | 2021.case-1.26.json | [
"Event detection and classification as Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks can be used to analyze data gathered in the information space. The findings of this analysis can then be connected to events in the physical world and contribute to situational awareness, particularly when they are related to socio-polit... |
emnlp | 2020.emnlp-main.214.json | [
"Neural machine translation (NMT) has recently achieved remarkable results (Bahdanau et al., 2015; Vaswani et al., 2017) , based on the exploitation of large parallel training corpora. Such corpora are only available for a limited number of languages. UNMT has attempted to address this limitation by training NMT sy... |
eamt | 2022.eamt-1.52.json | [
"SignON 1 focuses on the research and development of a sign language (SL) translation mobile application and an open communications framework. SignON addresses the lack of technology and services for the automatic translation between signed and spoken languages, through an inclusive, human-centric solution which fa... |
emnlp | 2020.emnlp-main.83.json | [
"Non-autoregressive neural machine translation (Gu et al., 2018) aims to enable the parallel generation of output tokens without sacrificing translation quality. There has been a surge of recent interest in this family of efficient decoding models, resulting in the development of iterative refinement (Lee et al., 2... |
constraint | 2022.constraint-1.6.json | [
"Social media have become one of the main communication channels for sharing information online. Unfortunately, they have been abused by malicious actors to promote their agenda using manipulative content, thus continuously plaguing political events, and the public debate, e.g., regarding the ongoing COVID-19 infod... |
D09 | D09-1034.json | [
"Assessment of linguistic complexity has played an important role in psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics for a long time, from the use of mean length of utterance and related scores in child language development (Klee and Fitzgerald, 1985) , to complexity scores related to reading difficulty in human sentence pr... |
E91 | E91-1044.json | [
"Natural language sentences like the notorious (1) Every man loves a woman, are usually regarded to be scope ambiguous. There have been two ways to attack this problem: To generate the most probable scoping and ignore the rest, or to generate all theoretically possible scopings.",
"Choosing the first alternative ... |
eamt | 2009.eamt-1.22.json | [
"Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems generally use the same setup to translate all sentences. During decoding, the SMT engine searches through a large set of model parameters. Many parameters are sparse, irrelevant and noisy with respect to the individual sentence that is being translated. The dominant so... |
coling | 2020.coling-main.465.json | [
"Simple factoid question answering over a knowledge base is an important task in natural language understanding. Although it only deals with factoid questions about a single entity and a predicate, they cover much of the real user queries (Dai et al., 2016) , and also, accurate mapping of these is a critical subpro... |
emnlp | 2021.emnlp-main.30.json | [
"Since the Transformer, a simple architecture based on attention mechanism, succeeded in machine translation tasks, Transformer-based models have become a new state of the arts that takes over more complex structures based on recurrent or convolution networks on various language tasks, e.g., language understanding ... |
D17 | D17-1069.json | [
"Distributed word embeddings represent words as dense, low-dimensional and real-valued vectors that can capture their semantic and syntactic properties. These embeddings are used abundantly by machine learning algorithms in tasks such as text classification and clustering. Traditional bagof-word models that represe... |
C02 | C02-1037.json | [
"I « Y A E % E A x Y I ¦ 3 Y E ¦ c ¦ 3 Y 3 c E f ¦ 3 Y I E c Y A E ¦ E c x ¦ A x I E c ¦ 3 Y 3 c ¦ Y E E Y I E c c E ¦ I ¦ 3 Y I E ! ¦ 6 ! f G 3 I I 6 % 6 # ¦ c ¦ E Y E 3 Y À Y Y ¦ c x 3 Y I E ! Á E c c  3 à 3 Ä 6 Å c AE % Ç f È ¦ x E  3 à 3 Ä 6 É E Ê 6 Ç A ¢ ( % c E c ª f c E ¦ Y 6 3 6 3 f f 3 A f c 3 c ¦ A 6 ¡ ... |
D16 | D16-1173.json | [
"Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in a large variety of application domains (Krizhevsky et al., 2012; Bahdanau et al., 2014) . However, the powerful end-to-end learning comes with limitations, including the requirement on massive amount of labeled data, uninterpretability of prediction r... |
C18 | C18-1140.json | [
"Representing the meanings of words is a fundamental task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). A popular approach to represent the meaning of a word is to embed it in some fixed-dimensional vector space (Turney and Pantel, 2010) . In contrast to sparse and high-dimensional counting-based distributional word repres... |
C88 | C88-1046.json | [
"TiLe identification of word boundaries fl'om continuous speech by human listeners depends, in part, on an interaction between :prosodic, syntactic and semantic processing, Since, however, ~his interaction is difficult to model in machines and since some prosodic variables, such as sentence stress patterns, are dif... |
amta | 2008.amta-papers.4.json | [
"A language model is an important tool in any task involving natural language generation. Language modeling has been especially useful in speech recognition and machine translation; by modeling the likelihood of generated sentences, language models greatly increase fluency, and provide contextual disambiguation bet... |
emnlp | 2020.emnlp-main.120.json | [
"Recent representation learning methods in NLP such as BERT have focused on learning two types of representations: the bottomlevel -a contextual representation centered at a single word, trained by recovering randomly masked tokens or predicting previous and next words, and the top-level text, implicitly represente... |
acl | 2020.acl-main.479.json | [
"An important property of human communication is that listeners can infer information beyond the literal meaning of an utterance. One well-studied type of inference is scalar inference (Grice, 1975; Horn, 1984) , whereby a listener who hears an utterance with a scalar item like some infers the negation of a stronge... |
acl | 2021.acl-short.89.json | [
"Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is the task of correcting grammatical and other related errors in text. It has been the subject of several modeling efforts in recent years due to its ability to improve grammaticality and readability of user generated texts. This is of particular importance to non-native speaker... |
D11 | D11-1116.json | [
"Parsers are critical components within many natural language processing (NLP) systems, including systems for information extraction, question answering, machine translation, recognition of textual entailment, summarization, and many others. Unfortunately, currently available dependency parsers suffer from at least... |
acl | 2021.acl-long.318.json | [
"Weakly supervised question answering is a common setting of question answering (QA) where only final answers are provided as supervision signals while the correct solutions to derive them are not. This setting simplifies data collection, but exposes model learning to the spurious solution problem: there may exist ... |
C12 | C12-3015.json | [
"Recently, a big grammatical mistake made by a Romanian politician brought in attention the plural form of Romanian nouns. The traditional analysis (Graur et al., 1966; Rosetti, 1965 Rosetti, , 1973 Corbett, 1991) identifies Romanian as the only Romance language bearing three lexical genders (masculine, feminine an... |
C92 | C92-4183.json | [
"One of the most well-known classifications of rewrite grammars is the Chomsky hierarchy. Grammars and languages ~Lre of type 3 (regular), type 2 (context-free), type 1 (context-sensitive) or of type 0 (unrestricted). It is easy to decide whether a string is in tile language generated by a regular or (:ontext-free ... |
C16 | C16-1011.json | [
"Interlingua based MT (Nirenburg, 1994; Dorr et al., 2010) relies on the principle that every language in the world can be mapped to a common linguistic representation. Further, given this representation, it should be possible to decode a target sentence in any language. This implies that given n languages we just ... |
autosimtrans | 2020.autosimtrans-1.3.json | [
"In recent years, neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved impressive progress and has shown superiority over statistical machine translation (SMT) systems on multiple language pairs . NMT models are usually built under the encoder-decoder architecture where the encoder produces a representation for the source... |
D13 | D13-1133.json | [
"In the United States, where 25 million adults per year suffer a major depressive episode (NAMI, 2013) , identifying people with mental health problems is a key challenge. For clinical psychologists, language plays a central role in diagnosis: many clinical instruments fundamentally rely on what is, in effect, manu... |
E91 | E91-1009.json | [
"We start our considerations on the mechanism of pronoun binding with the tentative formulation of a semantic binding condition in (I):",
"(I) ANP can bind pronouns in its scope",
"Taken that the \"scope of a NP\" means the scope of the (generalized) quantifier the NP translates to, and that pronouns are semant... |
D15 | D15-1004.json | [
"Compared to trees, which have dominated the field of natural language processing (NLP) for decades, graphs are more general for modelling natural languages. The corresponding grammars for recognizing and producing graphs are more flexible and powerful than tree grammars. However, because of their high complexity, ... |
C88 | C88-1023.json | [
"The proposal to use finlte-state transducers in morphology and phonology has been advocated in recent years by Kaplan and Kay /1981/, Koskenniemi /1983 Ft~,3",
"The model has been implemented in C-Prolog on a Hewlett Packard 9000."
] |
C10 | C10-1051.json | [
"In statistical machine translation (SMT), phrase reordering is a complicated problem. According to the type of phrases, the existing phrase reordering models are divided into two categories: contiguous phrase-based reordering models and non-contiguous phrase-based reordering models.",
"Contiguous phrase-based re... |
acl | 2021.acl-long.495.json | [
"Aspect category detection (ACD) (Pontiki et al., 2014 (Pontiki et al., , 2015 is an important task in sentiment analysis. It aims to identify the aspect categories mentioned in a given sentence from a predefined set of aspect categories. For example, in the sentence \"the cheesecake is tasty and the staffs are fri... |
amta | 2010.amta-workshop.0.json | [
"This one-day workshop was held at AMTA 2010, in Denver Colorado, on October 31 st , 2010. It focused on the impact (present or future) of new collaborative and crowdsourcing technologies on the world of translation.",
"Collaborative and social networking technologies like Wikipedia, Facebook and Amazon Mechanica... |
E17 | E17-1090.json | [
"Previous work on readability has classified or ranked texts based on document-level measures such as word length, sentence length, number of different phrasal categories & parse tree depth (Petersen, 2007) , and discourse coherence (Graesser et al., 2004) , inter alia. However, not all applications that need reada... |
aacl | 2020.aacl-srw.21.json | [
"The Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) task locates the best corresponding natural language answer when provided a question and its related context.",
"In recent years, MRC models using neural networks have been proposed for SQuAD (Pranav et al., 2016 (Pranav et al., , 2018 , which is a large-scale, high-qualit... |
econlp | 2021.econlp-1.3.json | [
"Global banking standards have been strictly organized and gradually evolved over time to reflect the changes of financial environment and new risks emerged. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) which is one of international rule setters governs to create and revise the international banking standards ... |
D19 | D19-1434.json | [
"What is the most difficult example in the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) data set (Bowman et al., 2015) or in the Stanford Sentiment Treebank (SSTB) (Socher et al., 2013) ? A priori the answer is not clear. How does one quantify the difficulty of an example and does it pertain to a specific model, or m... |
acl | 2021.acl-long.569.json | [
"Of late, large scale pre-trained Transformer-based (Vaswani et al., 2017) models-such as RoBERTa (Liu et al., 2019) , BART (Lewis et al., 2020) , and GPT-2 and -3 (Radford et al., 2019; Brown et al., 2020) -have exceeded recurrent neural networks' performance on many NLU tasks (Wang et al., 2018 (Wang et al., , 20... |
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