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# MalConfScan: Detecting Malware Configuration for Volatility
#
# LICENSE
# Please refer to the LICENSE.txt in the https://github.com/JPCERTCC/MalConfScan/
#
import volatility.plugins.taskmods as taskmods
import volatility.win32.tasks as tasks
import volatility.utils as utils
import volatility.debug as debug
import volatility.obj as obj
import volatility.plugins.vadinfo as vadinfo
import volatility.plugins.procdump as procdump
import volatility.plugins.malware.malfind as malfind
import volatility.plugins.linux.pslist as linux_pslist
import volatility.plugins.linux.linux_yarascan as linux_yarascan
import re
import os
import pefile
from struct import unpack_from
from collections import OrderedDict
from importlib import import_module
PATTERNS = ["PUSH", "MOV", "CMP", "LEA"]
try:
import yara
has_yara = True
except ImportError:
has_yara = False
try:
import distorm3
has_distorm3 = True
except ImportError:
has_distorm3 = False
class malconfScan(taskmods.DllList):
"""Detect infected processes and parse malware configuration"""
@staticmethod
def is_valid_profile(profile):
return profile.metadata.get('os', 'unknown'), profile.metadata.get('memory_model', '32bit')
def get_vad_base(self, task, address):
for vad in task.VadRoot.traverse():
if address >= vad.Start and address < vad.End:
return vad.Start, vad.End
return None
def calculate(self):
if not has_yara:
debug.error("Yara must be installed for this plugin")
addr_space = utils.load_as(self._config)
osversion, memory_model = self.is_valid_profile(addr_space.profile)
base = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
rules = yara.compile(base + "/yara/rule.yara")
if osversion == "windows":
for task in self.filter_tasks(tasks.pslist(addr_space)):
scanner = malfind.VadYaraScanner(task=task, rules=rules)
for hit, address in scanner.scan():
vad_base_addr, end = self.get_vad_base(task, address)
malname = str(hit).lower()
if str(hit) in ["Himawari", "Lavender", "Armadill", "zark20rk"]:
malname = "redleaves"
if str(hit) in "TSC_Loader":
malname = "tscookie"
if "Agenttesla" in str(hit):
malname = "agenttesla"
try:
module = import_module("volatility.plugins.malware.utils.{name}scan".format(name=malname))
module_cls = getattr(module, malname + "Config")
instance = module_cls(self._config)
except:
debug.error("Can't loading module volatility.plugins.malware.utils.{name}scan".format(name=malname))
for task, vad_base_addr, end, hit, memory_model, config_data in instance.calculate():
yield task, vad_base_addr, end, hit, memory_model, config_data
break
elif osversion == "linux":
debug.error("Please use linux_malconfscan.")
else:
debug.error("This command does not support the selected profile.")
def render_text(self, outfd, data):
delim = '-' * 70
outfd.write("[+] Searching memory by Yara rules.\n")
for task, start, end, malname, memory_model, config_data in data:
outfd.write("[+] Detect malware by Yara rules.\n")
outfd.write("[+] Process Name : {0}\n".format(task.ImageFileName))
outfd.write("[+] Process ID : {0}\n".format(task.UniqueProcessId))
outfd.write("[+] Malware name : {0}\n".format(malname))
outfd.write("[+] Base Address(VAD) : 0x{0:X}\n".format(start))
outfd.write("[+] Size : 0x{0:X}\n".format(end - start + 1))
outfd.write("{0}\n".format(delim))
outfd.write("Process: {0} ({1})\n\n".format(task.ImageFileName, task.UniqueProcessId))
outfd.write("[Config Info]\n")
for p_data in config_data:
for id, param in p_data.items():
outfd.write("{0:<22}: {1}\n".format(id, param))
class linux_malconfScan(linux_pslist.linux_pslist):
"""Detect infected processes and parse malware configuration for Linux"""
@staticmethod
def is_valid_profile(profile):
return profile.metadata.get('os', 'unknown'), profile.metadata.get('memory_model', '32bit')
def get_vma_base(self, task, address):
for vma in task.get_proc_maps():
if address >= vma.vm_start and address < vma.vm_end:
return vma.vm_start, vma.vm_end
return None
def filter_tasks(self):
tasks = linux_pslist.linux_pslist(self._config).calculate()
if self._config.PID is not None:
try:
pidlist = [int(p) for p in self._config.PID.split(',')]
except ValueError:
debug.error("Invalid PID {0}".format(self._config.PID))
pids = [t for t in tasks if t.pid in pidlist]
if len(pids) == 0:
debug.error("Cannot find PID {0}. If its terminated or unlinked, use psscan and then supply --offset=OFFSET".format(self._config.PID))
return pids
return tasks
def calculate(self):
if not has_yara:
debug.error("Yara must be installed for this plugin")
addr_space = utils.load_as(self._config)
osversion, memory_model = self.is_valid_profile(addr_space.profile)
base = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
rules = yara.compile(base + "/yara/rule.yara")
if osversion == "linux":
tasks = self.filter_tasks()
for task in tasks:
scanner = linux_yarascan.VmaYaraScanner(task = task, rules = rules)
for hit, address in scanner.scan():
start, end = self.get_vma_base(task, address)
malname = str(hit).lower()
try:
module = import_module("volatility.plugins.malware.utils.{name}scan".format(name=malname))
module_cls = getattr(module, malname + "Config")
instance = module_cls(self._config)
except:
debug.error("Can't loading module volatility.plugins.malware.utils.{name}scan".format(name=malname))
for task, start, end, hit, memory_model, config_data in instance.calculate():
yield task, start, end, hit, memory_model, config_data
break
elif osversion == "windows":
debug.error("Please use malconfscan.")
else:
debug.error("This command does not support the selected profile.")
def render_text(self, outfd, data):
delim = '-' * 70
outfd.write("[+] Searching memory by Yara rules.\n")
for task, start, end, malname, memory_model, config_data in data:
outfd.write("[+] Detect malware by Yara rules.\n")
outfd.write("[+] Process Name : {0}\n".format(task.comm))
outfd.write("[+] Process ID : {0}\n".format(task.pid))
outfd.write("[+] Malware name : {0}\n".format(malname))
outfd.write("[+] Address : 0x{0:X}\n".format(start))
outfd.write("[+] Size : 0x{0:X}\n".format(end - start))
outfd.write("{0}\n".format(delim))
outfd.write("Process: {0} ({1})\n\n".format(task.comm, task.pid))
outfd.write("[Config Info]\n")
for p_data in config_data:
for id, param in p_data.items():
outfd.write("{0:<22}: {1}\n".format(id, param))
class malstrScan(procdump.ProcDump, malfind.Malfind, vadinfo.VADDump):
"""Search strings with malicious space"""
def __init__(self, config, *args, **kwargs):
procdump.ProcDump.__init__(self, config, *args, **kwargs)
config.add_option("FULLSCAN", short_option="a", default=False, action="store_true",
help="Search with parent memory spaces.")
@staticmethod
def is_valid_profile(profile):
return (profile.metadata.get('os', 'unknown') == 'windows'), profile.metadata.get('memory_model', '32bit')
def Disassemble(self, data, start, pe, bits='32bit', stoponret=False):
if not has_distorm3:
raise StopIteration
if bits == "32bit":
mode = distorm3.Decode32Bits
else:
mode = distorm3.Decode64Bits
for address, _, code, hex_data in distorm3.DecodeGenerator(start, data, mode):
if stoponret and i.startswith("RET"):
raise StopIteration
yield address, code, len(hex_data)/2
def detect_injection_proc(self, proc, space):
detects = []
for vad, address_space in proc.get_vads(vad_filter=proc._injection_filter):
data = address_space.zread(vad.Start, vad.End + 1)
vad_protection = vadinfo.PROTECT_FLAGS.get(vad.VadFlags.Protection.v())
if self._is_vad_empty(vad, address_space):
continue
if obj.Object("_IMAGE_DOS_HEADER", offset=vad.Start, vm=address_space).e_magic != 0x5A4D:
nt_magic = unpack_from("<H", data, 0x3c)[0]
if nt_magic > 1 and nt_magic <= 0x100 and self._config.FULLSCAN:
data = "\x4d\x5a" + data[2:]
data = data[:nt_magic] + "\x50\x45" + data[nt_magic + 2:]
else:
continue
detects.append([vad.Start, vad.End, data, vad_protection])
return detects
def get_strings(self, data, n=5):
# ascii
for match in re.finditer(('([\x20-\x7e]{%s}[\x20-\x7e]*)' % n).encode(), data):
yield match.start(), match.group(0)
# unicode
for match in re.finditer(('(([\x20-\x7e]\x00){%s}([\x20-\x7e]\x00)*)' % n).encode(), data):
yield match.start(), match.group(0)
def ascii_check(self, code):
if (code >= "\x20" and code <= "\x7e") or code == "\x00" or code == "\x0a" or code == "\x0d":
return False
else:
return True
def search_strings(self, offset, data):
string_data = []
while 1:
if self.ascii_check(data[offset]) or self.ascii_check(data[offset + 1]):
string_data = []
break
string_data.append(data[offset])
if data[offset + 1] != "\x00" or data[offset + 2] != "\x00":
if data[offset - 1] != "\x00" or data[offset + 1] != "\x00":
string_data.append(data[offset + 1])
if data[offset + 2] == "\x00":
break
if data[offset - 1] != "\x00" and data[offset + 1] == "\x00":
break
offset += 2
else:
break
return string_data
def calculate(self):
if not has_distorm3:
debug.error("Distorm3 must be installed for this plugin")
addr_space = utils.load_as(self._config)
osversion, memory_model = self.is_valid_profile(addr_space.profile)
data = self.filter_tasks(tasks.pslist(addr_space))
for proc in data:
space = proc.get_process_address_space()
if space == None:
continue
for start, end, memdata, protection in self.detect_injection_proc(proc, space):
strings = {}
pe = pefile.PE(data=memdata)
if pe.FILE_HEADER.Machine in (pefile.MACHINE_TYPE['IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_IA64'], pefile.MACHINE_TYPE['IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64']):
mode = "64bit"
else:
mode = "32bit"
for curent_address, i, code_len in self.Disassemble(memdata, start, pe, bits=mode):
code = i.split(" ")
if code[0] in PATTERNS:
for ope in code:
if "0x" in ope:
string_addr = int(re.sub("[\],]", "", ope.split("0x")[1]), 16)
if mode == "32bit":
string_rva = string_addr - start
else:
string_rva = string_addr + curent_address + code_len - start
if string_rva > 0x1000 and string_rva < (end - start):
if mode == "32bit":
offset = unpack_from("<H", memdata, string_rva)[0]
else:
offset = unpack_from("<Q", memdata, string_rva)[0]
if offset > start and offset < end:
string_data = self.search_strings(offset - start, memdata)
string = str("".join(string_data)).replace("\n", " ").replace("\r", " ")
if len(string) > 1 and string != "\x00\x00":
strings[offset] = string
# print("0x{0:0>8X} -> 0x{1:0>8X}: {2}".format(string_addr, offset, string))
else:
string_data = self.search_strings(string_rva, memdata)
string = str("".join(string_data)).replace("\n", " ").replace("\r", " ")
if len(string) > 1 and string != "\x00\x00":
strings[string_rva + start] = string
# print("0x{0:0>8X}: {1}".format(string_addr, string))
levels = {}
if self._config.FULLSCAN:
for vad in proc.VadRoot.traverse():
if vad:
if vad.Start == start:
level = levels.get(vad.Parent.obj_offset, -1) + 1
levels[vad.obj_offset] = level
elif vad.Parent.obj_offset in levels:
level = levels.get(vad.Parent.obj_offset, -1) + 1
levels[vad.obj_offset] = level
if vad.Start > 0x70000000 and mode == "32bit":
break
data = space.zread(vad.Start, vad.End - vad.Start)
for addr, word in self.get_strings(data):
strings[vad.Start + addr] = word
yield proc, start, end, memdata, protection, strings
def render_text(self, outfd, data):
delim = '-' * 70
if self._config.FULLSCAN:
outfd.write("[+] Searching for malicious memory space and parent memory spaces.\n")
else:
outfd.write("[+] Searching for malicious memory space.\n")
for task, start, end, data, protection, strings in data:
outfd.write("[+] Detect Process Hollowing space.\n")
outfd.write("[+] Process Name : {0}\n".format(task.ImageFileName))
outfd.write("[+] Process ID : {0}\n".format(task.UniqueProcessId))
outfd.write("[+] Base Address(VAD) : 0x{0:X}\n".format(start))
outfd.write("[+] Size : 0x{0:X}\n".format(end - start + 1))
outfd.write("[+] Vad Protection : {0}\n".format(protection))
outfd.write("{0}\n".format(delim))
outfd.write("Process: {0} ({1})\n\n".format(task.ImageFileName, task.UniqueProcessId))
sort_strings = OrderedDict(sorted(strings.items()))
for address, str_data in sort_strings.items():
outfd.write("0x{0:0>8X}: {1}\n".format(address, str_data))
outfd.write("\n")
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