/*
Copyright (c) MONAI Consortium
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <torch/extension.h>

#include <vector>

namespace {
template <typename scalar_t>
__device__ __forceinline__ scalar_t sigmoid(scalar_t z) {
  return 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-z));
}

template <typename scalar_t>
__device__ __forceinline__ scalar_t d_sigmoid(scalar_t z) {
  const auto s = sigmoid(z);
  return (1.0 - s) * s;
}

template <typename scalar_t>
__device__ __forceinline__ scalar_t d_tanh(scalar_t z) {
  const auto t = tanh(z);
  return 1 - (t * t);
}

template <typename scalar_t>
__device__ __forceinline__ scalar_t elu(scalar_t z, scalar_t alpha = 1.0) {
  return fmaxf(0.0, z) + fminf(0.0, alpha * (exp(z) - 1.0));
}

template <typename scalar_t>
__device__ __forceinline__ scalar_t d_elu(scalar_t z, scalar_t alpha = 1.0) {
  const auto e = exp(z);
  const auto d_relu = z < 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0;
  return d_relu + (((alpha * (e - 1.0)) < 0.0) ? (alpha * e) : 0.0);
}

template <typename scalar_t>
__global__ void lltm_cuda_forward_kernel(
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 3, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> gates,
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> old_cell,
    torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> new_h,
    torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> new_cell,
    torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> input_gate,
    torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> output_gate,
    torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> candidate_cell) {
  // batch index
  const int n = blockIdx.y;
  // column index
  const int c = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
  if (c < gates.size(2)) {
    input_gate[n][c] = sigmoid(gates[n][0][c]);
    output_gate[n][c] = sigmoid(gates[n][1][c]);
    candidate_cell[n][c] = elu(gates[n][2][c]);
    new_cell[n][c] = old_cell[n][c] + candidate_cell[n][c] * input_gate[n][c];
    new_h[n][c] = tanh(new_cell[n][c]) * output_gate[n][c];
  }
}

template <typename scalar_t>
__global__ void lltm_cuda_backward_kernel(
    torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> d_old_cell,
    torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 3, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> d_gates,
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> grad_h,
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> grad_cell,
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> new_cell,
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> input_gate,
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> output_gate,
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> candidate_cell,
    const torch::PackedTensorAccessor32<scalar_t, 3, torch::RestrictPtrTraits> gate_weights) {
  // batch index
  const int n = blockIdx.y;
  // column index
  const int c = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
  if (c < d_gates.size(2)) {
    const auto d_output_gate = tanh(new_cell[n][c]) * grad_h[n][c];
    const auto d_tanh_new_cell = output_gate[n][c] * grad_h[n][c];
    const auto d_new_cell = d_tanh(new_cell[n][c]) * d_tanh_new_cell + grad_cell[n][c];

    d_old_cell[n][c] = d_new_cell;
    const auto d_candidate_cell = input_gate[n][c] * d_new_cell;
    const auto d_input_gate = candidate_cell[n][c] * d_new_cell;

    d_gates[n][0][c] = d_input_gate * d_sigmoid(gate_weights[n][0][c]);
    d_gates[n][1][c] = d_output_gate * d_sigmoid(gate_weights[n][1][c]);
    d_gates[n][2][c] = d_candidate_cell * d_elu(gate_weights[n][2][c]);
  }
}
} // namespace

std::vector<torch::Tensor> lltm_cuda_forward(
    torch::Tensor input,
    torch::Tensor weights,
    torch::Tensor bias,
    torch::Tensor old_h,
    torch::Tensor old_cell) {
  auto X = torch::cat({old_h, input}, /*dim=*/1);
  auto gate_weights = torch::addmm(bias, X, weights.transpose(0, 1));

  const auto batch_size = old_cell.size(0);
  const auto state_size = old_cell.size(1);

  auto gates = gate_weights.reshape({batch_size, 3, state_size});
  auto new_h = torch::zeros_like(old_cell);
  auto new_cell = torch::zeros_like(old_cell);
  auto input_gate = torch::zeros_like(old_cell);
  auto output_gate = torch::zeros_like(old_cell);
  auto candidate_cell = torch::zeros_like(old_cell);

  const int threads = 1024;
  const dim3 blocks((state_size + threads - 1) / threads, batch_size);

  AT_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(gates.scalar_type(), "lltm_forward_cuda", ([&] {
                               lltm_cuda_forward_kernel<scalar_t><<<blocks, threads>>>(
                                   gates.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 3, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   old_cell.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   new_h.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   new_cell.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   input_gate.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   output_gate.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   candidate_cell.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>());
                             }));

  return {new_h, new_cell, input_gate, output_gate, candidate_cell, X, gates};
}

std::vector<torch::Tensor> lltm_cuda_backward(
    torch::Tensor grad_h,
    torch::Tensor grad_cell,
    torch::Tensor new_cell,
    torch::Tensor input_gate,
    torch::Tensor output_gate,
    torch::Tensor candidate_cell,
    torch::Tensor X,
    torch::Tensor gates,
    torch::Tensor weights) {
  auto d_old_cell = torch::zeros_like(new_cell);
  auto d_gates = torch::zeros_like(gates);

  const auto batch_size = new_cell.size(0);
  const auto state_size = new_cell.size(1);

  const int threads = 1024;
  const dim3 blocks((state_size + threads - 1) / threads, batch_size);

  AT_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(X.scalar_type(), "lltm_forward_cuda", ([&] {
                               lltm_cuda_backward_kernel<scalar_t><<<blocks, threads>>>(
                                   d_old_cell.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   d_gates.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 3, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   grad_h.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   grad_cell.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   new_cell.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   input_gate.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   output_gate.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   candidate_cell.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 2, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>(),
                                   gates.packed_accessor32<scalar_t, 3, torch::RestrictPtrTraits>());
                             }));

  auto d_gate_weights = d_gates.flatten(1, 2);
  auto d_weights = d_gate_weights.t().mm(X);
  auto d_bias = d_gate_weights.sum(/*dim=*/0, /*keepdim=*/true);

  auto d_X = d_gate_weights.mm(weights);
  auto d_old_h = d_X.slice(/*dim=*/1, 0, state_size);
  auto d_input = d_X.slice(/*dim=*/1, state_size);

  return {d_old_h, d_input, d_weights, d_bias, d_old_cell, d_gates};
}