corpus,doc_id,sent_id,eg_id,index,text,text_w_pairs,seq_label,pair_label,context,num_sents
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,5,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_5_0,"We have gotten the agreement of the Chairman and the Secretary, preliminary to any opening statements, to stay until 1 p.m. We will probably have some votes, so we will maximize our time.","We have gotten the agreement of the Chairman and the Secretary, preliminary to any opening statements, to stay until 1 p.m. <ARG0>We will probably have some votes</ARG0>, so <ARG1>we will maximize our time</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,13,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_13_0,Members want to get a new context because the experience regarding Bear Stearns is clearly the context in which much of this hearing is and much of what we will be talking about is what happens if that should occur.,<ARG1>Members want to get a new context</ARG1> because <ARG0>the experience regarding Bear Stearns is clearly the context in which much of this hearing is and much of what we will be talking about is what happens if that should occur</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,15,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_15_0,"Given the importance of this, and given the interest of members in speaking, we are going to hold pretty firmly to the 5-minute rule.","Given <ARG0>the importance of this</ARG0>, and given the interest of members in speaking, <ARG1>we are going to hold pretty firmly to the 5-minute rule</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,25,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_25_0,"Where there was a strong argument as recently as November of 2006 that we had been over-regulating the financial system, I believe the evidence is now clear that we are in one of the most serious economic troubles that we have seen recently, in part because of an inadequacy of regulation.","Where there was a strong argument as recently as November of 2006 that we had been over-regulating the financial system, I believe the evidence is now clear that <ARG1>we are in one of the most serious economic troubles that we have seen recently</ARG1>, in part because of <ARG0>an inadequacy of regulation</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,38,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_38_0,"Something that simple causes problems in subprime, and it has caused problems elsewhere.","Something that simple causes problems in subprime, and <ARG0>it</ARG0> has caused <ARG1>problems</ARG1> elsewhere.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,38,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_38_1,"Something that simple causes problems in subprime, and it has caused problems elsewhere.","<ARG0>Something that simple</ARG0> causes <ARG1>problems</ARG1> in subprime, and it has caused problems elsewhere.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,40,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_40_0,"And, what we now have is a contagion, because people who bought loans in various forms that they shouldn't have bought are now resistant to buying things that they should buy.","And, <ARG1>what we now have is a contagion</ARG1>, because <ARG0>people who bought loans in various forms that they shouldn't have bought are now resistant to buying things that they should buy</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,41,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_41_0,"That is why I believe regulation properly done, regulation of risk that is too unconstrained today, because the various risk management techniques that were supposed to replace the lender-borrower relationship have not been successful.","<ARG0>That</ARG0> is why <ARG1>I believe regulation properly done, regulation of risk that is too unconstrained today, because the various risk management techniques that were supposed to replace the lender-borrower relationship have not been successful</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,44,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_44_0,"If properly done, a market sensitive regulatory authority not only prevents some of the problems, but is pro-market, because we have investors now who are unwilling to invest even in things they should.","If properly done, <ARG0>a market sensitive regulatory authority</ARG0> not only prevents <ARG1>some of the problems</ARG1>, but is pro-market, because we have investors now who are unwilling to invest even in things they should.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,44,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_44_1,"If properly done, a market sensitive regulatory authority not only prevents some of the problems, but is pro-market, because we have investors now who are unwilling to invest even in things they should.","If properly done, <ARG1>a market sensitive regulatory authority not only prevents some of the problems, but is pro-market</ARG1>, because <ARG0>we have investors now who are unwilling to invest even in things they should</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,46,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_46_0,"So our job, I believe--and I congratulate the officials of this Administration for having done a good job in the current legal context of dealing with these problems--is to look at what happened, to look at what is now going on, and to decide what should be done to provide a better statutory framework for the increase in regulation that I believe people agree should happen.","So our job, I believe--and I congratulate the officials of this Administration for having done a good job in the current legal context of dealing with these problems--is to look at what happened, to look at what is now going on, and to decide <ARG1>what should be done</ARG1> to <ARG0>provide a better statutory framework for the increase in regulation that I believe people agree should happen</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,51,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_51_0,"It is my expectation that the leaders of these agencies will appear at a subsequent hearing with their comments and that will supplement our understanding and the testimony we gather today on this difficult issue, and I trust that Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke agree that a collaborative effort that includes these agencies is going to be needed if we are to have a successful outcome.","It is my expectation that the leaders of these agencies will appear at a subsequent hearing with their comments and that will supplement our understanding and the testimony we gather today on this difficult issue, and I trust that Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke agree that <ARG0>a collaborative effort that includes these agencies</ARG0> is going to be needed if <ARG1>we</ARG1> are to <ARG1>have a successful outcome</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,61,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_61_0,"I believe we have reached a consensus that we must establish a modern, regulatory structure to strengthen the safety and soundness of our institutions and discourage unsound practices and conduct.","I believe we have reached a consensus that <ARG1>we must establish a modern, regulatory structure</ARG1> to <ARG0>strengthen the safety and soundness of our institutions and discourage unsound practices and conduct</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,62,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_62_0,"However, these regulations should not and cannot ensure that institutions will never fail.","However, <ARG0>these regulations</ARG0> should not and cannot ensure <ARG1>that institutions will never fail</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,63,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_63_0,"And if one does fail, we must ensure that taxpayers are not left holding the bag.","And if one does fail, <ARG0>we</ARG0> must ensure <ARG1>that taxpayers are not left holding the bag</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,64,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_64_0,"Thanks to the fast action of the Federal Reserve in cooperation with the SEC and the Treasury, we dodged a bullet when Bear Stearns collapsed.","Thanks to <ARG0>the fast action of the Federal Reserve in cooperation with the SEC and the Treasury</ARG0>, <ARG1>we dodged a bullet when Bear Stearns collapsed</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,66,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_66_0,"For that reason, I look forward to hearing from today's witnesses about what we can do to provide for an orderly resolution in the event a large financial institution fails.","For <ARG0>that reason</ARG0>, <ARG1>I look forward to hearing from today's witnesses about what we can do to provide for an orderly resolution in the event a large financial institution fails</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,67,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_67_0,"The regulatory regime we establish and follow must accomplish three things: ensure market discipline; provide a shock absorber against systemic risk; and, first and foremost, protect the taxpayer.","<ARG0>The regulatory regime we establish and follow</ARG0> must accomplish three things: ensure <ARG1>market discipline</ARG1>; provide a shock absorber against systemic risk; and, first and foremost, protect the taxpayer.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,20,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_20_0,"In this case, it seems clear to me that it is the Financial Institutions Subcommittee that is the developing subcommittee so that is how we will proceed.","In this case, <ARG0>it seems clear to me that it is the Financial Institutions Subcommittee that is the developing subcommittee</ARG0> so <ARG1>that is how we will proceed</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,41,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_41_1,"That is why I believe regulation properly done, regulation of risk that is too unconstrained today, because the various risk management techniques that were supposed to replace the lender-borrower relationship have not been successful.","That is why I believe regulation properly done, regulation of risk <ARG1>that is too unconstrained today</ARG1>, because <ARG0>the various risk management techniques that were supposed to replace the lender-borrower relationship have not been successful</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,44,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_44_2,"If properly done, a market sensitive regulatory authority not only prevents some of the problems, but is pro-market, because we have investors now who are unwilling to invest even in things they should.","If <ARG0>properly done</ARG0>, <ARG1>a market sensitive regulatory authority not only prevents some of the problems, but is pro-market, because we have investors now who are unwilling to invest even in things they should</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,54,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_54_0,We have seen the Federal Reserve intervene in order to avoid a cascading effect from Bear Stearns's collapse that could have spread throughout the financial system with what I believe would have been decidedly negative implications for the larger economy.,We have seen <ARG1>the Federal Reserve intervene</ARG1> in order to <ARG0>avoid a cascading effect from Bear Stearns's collapse that could have spread throughout the financial system with what I believe would have been decidedly negative implications for the larger economy</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,68,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_68_0,"To preserve market discipline and discourage moral hazard, we must see to it that no firm should be considered too big or interconnected to fail.","To <ARG0>preserve market discipline and discourage moral hazard</ARG0>, <ARG1>we must see to it that no firm should be considered too big or interconnected to fail</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,69,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_69_0,"To protect against systemic risk, we must ensure that when a firm fails, it does not bring down the entire financial system with it, i.e., an orderly liquidation.","To <ARG0>protect against systemic risk</ARG0>, <ARG1>we must ensure that when a firm fails, it does not bring down the entire financial system with it, i.e., an orderly liquidation</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,70,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_70_0,"And to protect the taxpayer, we have to make sure that the cost of that failure is borne by the firm's shareholders and creditors, and not passed on to the taxpaying public.","And to <ARG0>protect the taxpayer</ARG0>, <ARG1>we have to make sure that the cost of that failure is borne by the firm's shareholders and creditors, and not passed on to the taxpaying public</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,69,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_69_1,"To protect against systemic risk, we must ensure that when a firm fails, it does not bring down the entire financial system with it, i.e., an orderly liquidation.","To protect against systemic risk, <ARG0>we</ARG0> must ensure <ARG1>that when a firm fails, it does not bring down the entire financial system with it, i.e., an orderly liquidation</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,78,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_78_0,"As the economy reels from a widespread, far-reaching financial crisis that continues to wreak havoc on everything from the housing market to student loans, while we remain focused on many current economic difficulties average Americans face, we must simultaneously look to the future to determine how to prevent or at least mitigate future crises.","As the economy reels from a widespread, far-reaching financial crisis that continues to wreak havoc on everything from the housing market to student loans, while we remain focused on many current economic difficulties average Americans face, <ARG0>we</ARG0> must simultaneously look to the future to determine how to prevent or at least mitigate <ARG1>future crises</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,82,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_82_0,This bill seeks to make regulation more efficient by closing gaps in our regulatory structure and by promoting consolidation and cooperation among regulatory agencies.,<ARG0>This bill</ARG0> seeks to make <ARG1>regulation more efficient</ARG1> by closing gaps in our regulatory structure and by promoting consolidation and cooperation among regulatory agencies.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,82,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_82_1,This bill seeks to make regulation more efficient by closing gaps in our regulatory structure and by promoting consolidation and cooperation among regulatory agencies.,<ARG0>This bill</ARG0> seeks to make regulation more efficient by closing gaps in our regulatory structure and by promoting <ARG1>consolidation and cooperation among regulatory agencies</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,84,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_84_0,"Without a Federal repository to collect and analyze information on insurance issues, we cannot fully understand and control systemic risk.","Without <ARG0>a Federal repository to collect and analyze information on insurance issues</ARG0>, <ARG1>we cannot fully understand and control systemic risk</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,85,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_85_0,The Roundtable proposal would also expand the authority of the Federal Reserve so that investment banks who borrow from the Fed's discount window in various facilities do not get a free pass.,<ARG1>The Roundtable proposal would also expand the authority of the Federal Reserve</ARG1> so that <ARG0>investment banks who borrow from the Fed's discount window in various facilities do not get a free pass</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,91,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_91_0,"While many concur that the Federal Reserve's move to bail out Bear Stearns in March of this year was necessary to prevent a financial meltdown, most also agree that we should be concerned about setting precedents with broad ramifications down the road.","While many concur that <ARG0>the Federal Reserve's move to bail out Bear Stearns in March of this year</ARG0> was necessary to <ARG1>prevent a financial meltdown</ARG1>, most also agree that we should be concerned about setting precedents with broad ramifications down the road.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,92,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_92_0,"Taxpayers cannot be asked to bail out financial institutions, and we should look for ways to prevent such dire situations from arising in the future.","Taxpayers cannot be asked to bail out financial institutions, and <ARG0>we</ARG0> should look for ways to prevent <ARG1>such dire situations</ARG1> from <ARG1>arising in the future</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,78,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_78_1,"As the economy reels from a widespread, far-reaching financial crisis that continues to wreak havoc on everything from the housing market to student loans, while we remain focused on many current economic difficulties average Americans face, we must simultaneously look to the future to determine how to prevent or at least mitigate future crises.","As the economy reels from a widespread, far-reaching financial crisis that continues to wreak havoc on everything from the housing market to student loans, while we remain focused on many current economic difficulties average Americans face, <ARG1>we must simultaneously look to the future</ARG1> to <ARG0>determine how to prevent or at least mitigate future crises</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,105,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_105_0,Your steady leadership is helping us weather the storm that our markets and our economy are experiencing.,<ARG0>Your steady leadership</ARG0> is helping <ARG1>us weather the storm that our markets and our economy are experiencing</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,106,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_106_0,"As a side, Secretary Paulson, I would like to specifically thank you and your staff, as well as the public and private sector partners for organizing the HOPE NOW Alliance, which has helped to keep hundreds of thousands of families in their homes.","As a side, Secretary Paulson, I would like to specifically thank you and your staff, as well as the public and private sector partners for organizing the HOPE NOW Alliance, <ARG0>which</ARG0> has helped to <ARG1>keep hundreds of thousands of families in their homes</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,107,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_107_0,"And Chairman Bernanke, the Federal Reserve's actions continue to help preserve confidence and bring stability to our financial markets and institutions.","And Chairman Bernanke, <ARG0>the Federal Reserve's actions</ARG0> continue to help <ARG1>preserve confidence and bring stability to our financial markets and institutions</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,108,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_108_0,"Infusing liquidity into the marketplace has prevented the credit crunch from seizing the system, and facilitating the sale of Bear Stearns to J.P. Morgan is viewed by many as having been the lynchpin that prevented a run-on-the-bank type crises which could have spread throughout our financial system and caused irreparable harm.","<ARG0>Infusing liquidity into the marketplace</ARG0> has prevented <ARG1>the credit crunch</ARG1> from <ARG1>seizing the system</ARG1>, and facilitating the sale of Bear Stearns to J.P. Morgan is viewed by many as having been the lynchpin that prevented a run-on-the-bank type crises which could have spread throughout our financial system and caused irreparable harm.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,108,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_108_1,"Infusing liquidity into the marketplace has prevented the credit crunch from seizing the system, and facilitating the sale of Bear Stearns to J.P. Morgan is viewed by many as having been the lynchpin that prevented a run-on-the-bank type crises which could have spread throughout our financial system and caused irreparable harm.","Infusing liquidity into the marketplace has prevented the credit crunch from seizing the system, and facilitating the sale of Bear Stearns to J.P. Morgan is viewed by many as having been the lynchpin <ARG0>that</ARG0> prevented <ARG1>a run-on-the-bank type crises which could have spread throughout our financial system and caused irreparable harm</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,108,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_108_2,"Infusing liquidity into the marketplace has prevented the credit crunch from seizing the system, and facilitating the sale of Bear Stearns to J.P. Morgan is viewed by many as having been the lynchpin that prevented a run-on-the-bank type crises which could have spread throughout our financial system and caused irreparable harm.","Infusing liquidity into the marketplace has prevented the credit crunch from seizing the system, and facilitating the sale of Bear Stearns to J.P. Morgan is viewed by many as having been the lynchpin that prevented a run-on-the-bank type crises <ARG0>which</ARG0> could have spread throughout our financial system and caused <ARG1>irreparable harm</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,109,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_109_0,"What brought us here today are these specifically and the latter actions on the part of the Fed, actions that begged the question, what can the Federal Government do to prevent future, similar bailouts that can put taxpayer dollars at risk?","What brought us here today are these specifically and the latter actions on the part of the Fed, actions that begged the question, what can <ARG0>the Federal Government</ARG0> do to prevent <ARG1>future, similar bailouts that can put taxpayer dollars at risk</ARG1>?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,111,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_111_0,"Can a Federal regulator or regulators monitor specific indicators that will flag weaknesses within individual, financial institutions and prevent another Bear Stearns?","Can a Federal regulator or regulators monitor specific indicators <ARG0>that</ARG0> will flag weaknesses within individual, financial institutions and prevent <ARG1>another Bear Stearns</ARG1>?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,121,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_121_0,"And, I think, Mr. Paulson, that you have about 125 years on Mr. Bernanke, so we will begin with you.","And, <ARG0>I think, Mr. Paulson, that you have about 125 years on Mr. Bernanke</ARG0>, so <ARG1>we will begin with you</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,135,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_135_0,"Although our regulatory architecture and authorities are outdated and less than optimal, we have been working together; while respecting our different authorities or responsibilities, we have been working together to ensure the stability of the financial system, because it is in the interest of the American people that we do so.","Although our regulatory architecture and authorities are outdated and less than optimal, we have been working together; while respecting our different authorities or responsibilities, <ARG1>we have been working together to ensure the stability of the financial system</ARG1>, because <ARG0>it is in the interest of the American people that we do so</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,137,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_137_0,And our seamless cooperation to achieve it is made possible by the leadership and support provided by this committee and by other leaders in Congress.,And <ARG1>our seamless cooperation to achieve it</ARG1> is made <ARG1>possible</ARG1> by <ARG0>the leadership and support provided by this committee and by other leaders in Congress</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,140,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_140_0,"But we will ultimately emerge with strong capital markets, which will in turn enable our economy to continue to grow.","But we will ultimately emerge with strong capital markets, <ARG0>which</ARG0> will in turn enable <ARG1>our economy</ARG1> to <ARG1>continue to grow</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,145,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_145_0,"A major advantage of this structure is its timelessness and its flexibility, and that because it is organized by a regulatory objective rather than by financial institution category, it can more easily respond and adapt to the ever-changing marketplace.","A major advantage of this structure is its timelessness and its flexibility, and that because <ARG0>it is organized by a regulatory objective rather than by financial institution category</ARG0>, <ARG1>it can more easily respond and adapt to the ever-changing marketplace</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,149,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_149_0,"The Blueprint includes recommendations on a number of intermediate steps as well, focusing on payment and settlement systems in areas such as futures and securities, where our regulatory structure severely inhibits our competitiveness.","The Blueprint includes recommendations on a number of intermediate steps as well, focusing on payment and settlement systems in areas such as futures and securities, where <ARG0>our regulatory structure</ARG0> severely inhibits <ARG1>our competitiveness</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,151,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_151_0,"We also recommend the creation of a Federal charter for systemically important payment and settlement systems, and that these systems should be overseen by the Federal Reserve in order to guarantee the integrity of this vital--  The Chairman:  Mr. Secretary, I don't want you to feel constrained.","We also recommend the creation of a Federal charter for systemically important payment and settlement systems, and that <ARG1>these systems should be overseen by the Federal Reserve</ARG1> in order to <ARG0>guarantee the integrity of this vital--</ARG0>  The Chairman:  Mr. Secretary, I don't want you to feel constrained.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,158,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_158_0,"We have enough time to listen to this, so please don't be constrained.","<ARG0>We have enough time to listen to this</ARG0>, so <ARG1>please don't be constrained</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,165,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_165_0,"Therefore, we should consider how to most appropriately give the Federal Reserve the authority to access necessary information from complex financial institutions, whether it is a commercial bank, an investment bank, a hedge fund, or another type of financial institution, and the tools to intervene to mitigate systemic risk in advance of a crisis.","Therefore, we should consider how to most appropriately give the Federal Reserve the authority to access necessary information from complex financial institutions, whether it is a commercial bank, an investment bank, a hedge fund, or another type of financial institution, and the tools to <ARG1>intervene</ARG1> <ARG0>to mitigate systemic risk in advance of a crisis</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,167,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_167_0,"Market discipline is also critical to the health of our financial system, and must be reinforced, because regulation alone cannot eliminate all future bouts of market instability.","<ARG1>Market discipline</ARG1> is also critical to the health of our financial system, and <ARG1>must be reinforced</ARG1>, because <ARG0>regulation alone cannot eliminate all future bouts of market instability</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,168,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_168_0,"For market discipline to be effective, market participants must not expect that lending from the Fed or any other government support is readily available.","For <ARG1>market discipline</ARG1> to <ARG1>be effective</ARG1>, <ARG0>market participants</ARG0> must <ARG0>not expect that lending from the Fed or any other government support is readily available</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,171,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_171_0,"For market discipline to effectively constrain risk, financial institutions must be allowed to fail.","For <ARG1>market discipline</ARG1> to <ARG1>effectively constrain risk</ARG1>, <ARG0>financial institutions</ARG0> must <ARG0>be allowed to fail</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,172,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_172_0,"Today, two concerns underpin expectations of regulatory intervention to prevent a failure.","Today, two concerns underpin expectations of <ARG0>regulatory intervention</ARG0> to prevent <ARG1>a failure</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,153,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_153_0,"We will be constrained by them, but this is too important for you to be, so please, both of you can ignore the red lights.","We will be constrained by them, but <ARG0>this is too important for you to be</ARG0>, so <ARG1>please, both of you can ignore the red lights</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,37,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_37_0,A very large part of our problem is that we have not yet found sufficient replacement for the discipline of a lender not lending to a borrower unless the lender is sure that the borrower will be able to repay.,A very large part of our problem is that we have not yet found sufficient replacement for the discipline of <ARG1>a lender not lending to a borrower</ARG1> unless <ARG0>the lender is sure that the borrower will be able to repay</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,80,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_80_0,"But we must develop innovative, regulatory and oversight responses to keep pace as these market transactions evolve.","But <ARG1>we must develop innovative, regulatory and oversight responses</ARG1> to <ARG0>keep pace as these market transactions evolve</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,146,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_146_0,"If implemented, these recommendations eliminate regulatory competition that creates inefficiencies and can engender a race to the bottom.","If <ARG0>implemented</ARG0>, <ARG1>these recommendations eliminate regulatory competition that creates inefficiencies and can engender a race to the bottom</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,176,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_176_0,"It is clear that some institutions, if they fail, can have a systemic impact.","It is clear that <ARG1>some institutions</ARG1>, if <ARG0>they fail</ARG0>, <ARG1>can have a systemic impact</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,178,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_178_0,"To do this, we will need to give our regulators additional emergency authority to limit temporary disruptions.","To <ARG1>do this</ARG1>, <ARG0>we</ARG0> will need to <ARG0>give our regulators additional emergency authority to limit temporary disruptions</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,179,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_179_0,"These authorities should be flexible, and to reinforce market discipline, the trigger for invoking such authority should be very high, such as a bankruptcy filing.","These authorities should be flexible, and to <ARG0>reinforce market discipline</ARG0>, <ARG1>the trigger for invoking such authority should be very high, such as a bankruptcy filing</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,180,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_180_0,Any potential commitment of government support should be an extraordinary event that requires the engagement of the Treasury Department and contains sufficient criteria to prevent cost to the taxpayer to the greatest extent possible.,Any potential commitment of government support should be an extraordinary event that requires the engagement of the Treasury Department and contains <ARG0>sufficient criteria</ARG0> to prevent <ARG1>cost to the taxpayer</ARG1> to the greatest extent possible.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,54,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_54_1,We have seen the Federal Reserve intervene in order to avoid a cascading effect from Bear Stearns's collapse that could have spread throughout the financial system with what I believe would have been decidedly negative implications for the larger economy.,We have seen <ARG0>the Federal Reserve</ARG0> intervene in order to avoid <ARG1>a cascading effect from Bear Stearns's collapse that could have spread throughout the financial system with what I believe would have been decidedly negative implications for the larger economy</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,15,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_15_1,"Given the importance of this, and given the interest of members in speaking, we are going to hold pretty firmly to the 5-minute rule.","Given the importance of this, and given <ARG0>the interest of members in speaking</ARG0>, <ARG1>we are going to hold pretty firmly to the 5-minute rule</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,135,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_135_1,"Although our regulatory architecture and authorities are outdated and less than optimal, we have been working together; while respecting our different authorities or responsibilities, we have been working together to ensure the stability of the financial system, because it is in the interest of the American people that we do so.","Although our regulatory architecture and authorities are outdated and less than optimal, we have been working together; while respecting our different authorities or responsibilities, <ARG0>we</ARG0> have been working together to ensure <ARG1>the stability of the financial system</ARG1>, because it is in the interest of the American people that we do so.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,48,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_48_0,"Mr. Bachus:  I thank the chairman for holding this hearing on systemic risk and the appropriate regulatory responses to managing that risk and I know there will be short-term responses, and at some time in the future maybe a new regulatory structure which will take time.","Mr. Bachus:  <ARG1>I thank the chairman</ARG1> for <ARG0>holding this hearing on systemic risk and the appropriate regulatory responses to managing that risk</ARG0> and I know there will be short-term responses, and at some time in the future maybe a new regulatory structure which will take time.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,70,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_70_1,"And to protect the taxpayer, we have to make sure that the cost of that failure is borne by the firm's shareholders and creditors, and not passed on to the taxpaying public.","And to protect the taxpayer, <ARG0>we</ARG0> have to make sure <ARG1>that the cost of that failure is borne by the firm's shareholders and creditors, and not passed on to the taxpaying public</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,56,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_56_0,"But now that the immediate crisis created by the run on Bear Stearns has passed, we face some difficult, long-term policy questions.","But now that <ARG1>the immediate crisis</ARG1> created by <ARG0>the run on Bear Stearns</ARG0> has passed, we face some difficult, long-term policy questions.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,66,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_66_1,"For that reason, I look forward to hearing from today's witnesses about what we can do to provide for an orderly resolution in the event a large financial institution fails.","For that reason, I look forward to hearing from today's witnesses about <ARG1>what we can do</ARG1> to <ARG0>provide for an orderly resolution</ARG0> in the event a large financial institution fails.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,103,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_103_0,"Your responsiveness to the letter submitted in April by Mr. Garrett, Ranking Member Bachus, and more than a dozen of us on this side of the aisle is very much appreciated, and I would also like to thank Congressman Garrett for his leadership on this issue.","Your responsiveness to the letter submitted in April by Mr. Garrett, Ranking Member Bachus, and more than a dozen of us on this side of the aisle is very much appreciated, and I would also like to <ARG1>thank Congressman Garrett</ARG1> for <ARG0>his leadership on this issue</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,146,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_146_1,"If implemented, these recommendations eliminate regulatory competition that creates inefficiencies and can engender a race to the bottom.","If implemented, these recommendations eliminate regulatory competition <ARG0>that</ARG0> creates <ARG1>inefficiencies</ARG1> and can engender a race to the bottom.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,146,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_146_2,"If implemented, these recommendations eliminate regulatory competition that creates inefficiencies and can engender a race to the bottom.","If implemented, these recommendations eliminate regulatory competition <ARG0>that</ARG0> creates inefficiencies and can engender <ARG1>a race to the bottom</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,163,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_163_0,"First, Americans have come to expect the Federal Reserve to step in to avert events that pose unacceptable systemic risk.","First, Americans have come to expect the Federal Reserve to <ARG1>step in</ARG1> to <ARG0>avert events that pose unacceptable systemic risk</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,174,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_174_0,"Steps are being taken to improve market infrastructure, especially where our financial firms are highly intertwined.","<ARG1>Steps are being taken</ARG1> to <ARG0>improve market infrastructure</ARG0>, especially where our financial firms are highly intertwined.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,177,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_177_0,"Looking beyond immediate market challenges, last week I laid out my proposals for creating a resolution process that ensures the financial system can withstand the failure of a large, complex financial firm.","Looking beyond immediate market challenges, last week I laid out my proposals for creating a resolution process <ARG0>that</ARG0> ensures <ARG1>the financial system can withstand the failure of a large, complex financial firm</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,186,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_186_0,"Chairman Frank, Ranking Member Bachus, and other members of the committee, I am pleased to be here today to discuss financial regulation and financial stability.","Chairman Frank, Ranking Member Bachus, and other members of the committee, I am pleased to <ARG1>be here today</ARG1> to <ARG0>discuss financial regulation and financial stability</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,196,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_196_0,"Notably, recent events have led the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to consider higher capital charges for such items as certain complex structured credit products, assets and banks trading books, and liquidity guarantees provided to off-balance sheet vehicles.","Notably, <ARG0>recent events</ARG0> have led <ARG1>the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision</ARG1> to <ARG1>consider higher capital charges for such items as certain complex structured credit products, assets and banks trading books, and liquidity guarantees provided to off-balance sheet vehicles</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,198,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_198_0,"Regarding implementation, the recent reports have stressed the need for supervisors to insist on strong risk measurement and risk management practices that allow managers to assess the risk that they face on a firm-wide basis.","Regarding implementation, the recent reports have stressed the need for supervisors to insist on strong risk measurement and risk management practices <ARG0>that</ARG0> allow <ARG1>managers</ARG1> to <ARG1>assess the risk that they face on a firm-wide basis</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,201,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_201_0,"Since the near collapse of the Bear Stearns companies in March, the Federal Reserve has been working closely with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the functional supervisor of each of the primary dealers and the consolidated supervisor of the four large investment banks, to help ensure that those firms have the financial strength needed to withstand conditions of extreme market stress.","Since the near collapse of the Bear Stearns companies in March, <ARG0>the Federal Reserve</ARG0> has been working closely with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the functional supervisor of each of the primary dealers and the consolidated supervisor of the four large investment banks, to help <ARG1>ensure that those firms have the financial strength needed to withstand conditions of extreme market stress</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,201,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_201_1,"Since the near collapse of the Bear Stearns companies in March, the Federal Reserve has been working closely with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the functional supervisor of each of the primary dealers and the consolidated supervisor of the four large investment banks, to help ensure that those firms have the financial strength needed to withstand conditions of extreme market stress.","Since the near collapse of the Bear Stearns companies in March, <ARG0>the Federal Reserve</ARG0> has been working closely with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the functional supervisor of each of the primary dealers and the consolidated supervisor of the four large investment banks, to help ensure <ARG1>that those firms have the financial strength needed to withstand conditions of extreme market stress</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,202,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_202_0,"To formalize our effective working relationship, the SEC and the Federal Reserve this week agreed to a memorandum of understanding.","To <ARG0>formalize our effective working relationship</ARG0>, <ARG1>the SEC and the Federal Reserve this week agreed to a memorandum of understanding</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,204,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_204_0,"In the longer term, however, legislation may be needed to provide a more robust framework for prudential supervision of investment banks and other securities dealers.","In the longer term, however, <ARG1>legislation</ARG1> may be needed to <ARG0>provide a more robust framework for prudential supervision of investment banks and other securities dealers</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,207,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_207_0,"At the same time, reforms in the oversight of these firms must recognize the distinctive features of investment banking and take care neither to unduly inhibit innovation, nor to induce a migration of risk-taking activities to less-regulated or offshore institutions.","At the same time, <ARG0>reforms in the oversight of these firms</ARG0> must recognize the distinctive features of investment banking and take care neither to unduly inhibit innovation, nor to induce <ARG1>a migration of risk-taking activities to less-regulated or offshore institutions</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,212,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_212_0,"In these efforts we aim not only to make the financial system better able to withstand future shocks, but also to mitigate moral hazard and the problem of too big to fail by reducing the range of circumstances in which systemic stability concerns might prompt a government intervention.","In these efforts <ARG0>we</ARG0> aim not only to make <ARG1>the financial system better able to withstand future shocks</ARG1>, but also to mitigate moral hazard and the problem of too big to fail by reducing the range of circumstances in which systemic stability concerns might prompt a government intervention.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,213,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_213_0,"More generally, the stability of the broader financial system requires key payment and settlement systems to operate smoothly under stress and to effectively manage counterparty risk.","More generally, <ARG1>the stability of the broader financial system</ARG1> requires <ARG0>key payment and settlement systems</ARG0> to operate smoothly under stress and to effectively manage counterparty risk.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,216,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_216_0,"Because robust payment and settlement systems are vital for financial stability, the Congress should consider granting the Federal Reserve explicit oversight authority for systemically important payment and settlement systems.","Because <ARG0>robust payment and settlement systems are vital for financial stability</ARG0>, <ARG1>the Congress should consider granting the Federal Reserve explicit oversight authority for systemically important payment and settlement systems</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,166,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_166_0,"The MOU recently finalized between the SEC and the Federal Reserve is consistent with this long-term vision of the Blueprint, and should help inform future decisions, as our Congress considers how to modernize and improve our regulatory structure.","<ARG0>The MOU recently finalized between the SEC and the Federal Reserve</ARG0> is consistent with this long-term vision of the Blueprint, and should help <ARG1>inform future decisions</ARG1>, as our Congress considers how to modernize and improve our regulatory structure.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,220,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_220_0,"Because the resolution of a failing securities firm might have fiscal implications, it would be appropriate for the Treasury to take a leading role in any such process, in consultation with the firm's regulator and other authorities.","Because <ARG0>the resolution of a failing securities firm might have fiscal implications</ARG0>, <ARG1>it would be appropriate for the Treasury to take a leading role in any such process, in consultation with the firm's regulator and other authorities</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,223,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_223_0,The fiducial procedures give the FDIC the authority to act as a receiver for an insolvent bank and to set up a bridge bank to facilitate an orderly liquidation of that firm.,The fiducial procedures give the FDIC the authority to act as a receiver for an insolvent bank and to <ARG1>set up a bridge bank</ARG1> to <ARG0>facilitate an orderly liquidation of that firm</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,223,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_223_1,The fiducial procedures give the FDIC the authority to act as a receiver for an insolvent bank and to set up a bridge bank to facilitate an orderly liquidation of that firm.,The fiducial procedures give <ARG0>the FDIC</ARG0> the authority to act as a receiver for an insolvent bank and to set up a bridge bank to facilitate <ARG1>an orderly liquidation of that firm</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,232,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_232_0,"Let me begin with the Secretary, because I was pleased to note in your statement that you understand that the regulator at OFHEO, of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, believe that they are now adequately capitalized.","<ARG1>Let me begin with the Secretary</ARG1>, because <ARG0>I was pleased to note in your statement that you understand that the regulator at OFHEO, of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, believe that they are now adequately capitalized</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,244,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_244_0,"And I agree with both of you, that in order to do that, the Federal Reserve needs more power.","And I agree with both of you, that in order to <ARG0>do that</ARG0>, <ARG1>the Federal Reserve needs more power</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,279,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_279_0,"Or are we able to get by, given the cooperation we have had, given the kind of support we try to give you as much as possible, and begin working immediately together, so that early next year, one of the first items on the congressional agenda will be the legislation you talked about?","Or <ARG1>are we able to</ARG1> get by, given the cooperation we have had, given the kind of support we try to give you as much as possible, and <ARG1>begin working immediately together</ARG1>, so that <ARG0>early next year, one of the first items on the congressional agenda will be the legislation you talked about</ARG0>?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,238,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_238_0,"But there does seem to me to be emerging a consensus that we need a regulator concerned with threats to the systemic stability of the economy, that come from unconstrained risk-taking in a group of financial institutions outside the commercial banking system.","But there does seem to me to be emerging a consensus that we need a regulator concerned with threats to the systemic stability of the economy, <ARG1>that</ARG1> come from <ARG0>unconstrained risk-taking in a group of financial institutions outside the commercial banking system</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,275,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_275_0,"But we have I think taken out of that--and you have elaborated with the resolution issue--the question of macro-stability regulator, of the Federal Reserve being given powers to deal with the problems that could come to a system from someone too big or too unconnected to fail.","But we have I think taken out of that--and you have elaborated with the resolution issue--the question of macro-stability regulator, of the Federal Reserve being given powers to deal with the problems <ARG1>that</ARG1> could come to a system from <ARG0>someone too big or too unconnected to fail</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,279,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_279_1,"Or are we able to get by, given the cooperation we have had, given the kind of support we try to give you as much as possible, and begin working immediately together, so that early next year, one of the first items on the congressional agenda will be the legislation you talked about?","Or <ARG1>are we able to get by</ARG1>, given <ARG0>the cooperation we have had</ARG0>, given the kind of support we try to give you as much as possible, and begin working immediately together, so that early next year, one of the first items on the congressional agenda will be the legislation you talked about?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,279,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_279_2,"Or are we able to get by, given the cooperation we have had, given the kind of support we try to give you as much as possible, and begin working immediately together, so that early next year, one of the first items on the congressional agenda will be the legislation you talked about?","Or <ARG1>are we able to get by</ARG1>, given the cooperation we have had, given <ARG0>the kind of support we try to give you as much as possible</ARG0>, and begin working immediately together, so that early next year, one of the first items on the congressional agenda will be the legislation you talked about?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,106,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_106_1,"As a side, Secretary Paulson, I would like to specifically thank you and your staff, as well as the public and private sector partners for organizing the HOPE NOW Alliance, which has helped to keep hundreds of thousands of families in their homes.","As a side, Secretary Paulson, I would like to <ARG1>specifically thank you and your staff, as well as the public and private sector partners</ARG1> for <ARG0>organizing the HOPE NOW Alliance, which has helped to keep hundreds of thousands of families in their homes</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,214,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_214_0,"Currently the Federal Reserve relies on a patchwork of authorities, largely derived from our role as a banking supervisor as well as on moral suasion to help ensure that the various payment and settlement systems have the necessary procedures and controls in place to manage the risks that they face.","Currently the Federal Reserve relies on <ARG0>a patchwork of authorities, largely derived from our role as a banking supervisor as well as on moral suasion</ARG0> to help ensure <ARG1>that the various payment and settlement systems have the necessary procedures and controls in place to manage the risks that they face</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,219,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_219_0,"In particular, in light of the Bear Stearns episode, the Congress may wish to consider whether new tools are needed for ensuring an orderly liquidation of a systemically important securities firm that is on the verge of bankruptcy together with a more formal process for deciding when to use those tools.","In particular, in light of <ARG0>the Bear Stearns episode</ARG0>, <ARG1>the Congress may wish to consider whether new tools are needed for ensuring an orderly liquidation of a systemically important securities firm that is on the verge of bankruptcy together with a more formal process for deciding when to use those tools</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,225,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_225_0,"To be sure, securities firms differ significantly from commercial banks in their financing, business models, and in other ways, so the fiducial rules are not directly applicable to these firms.","To be sure, <ARG0>securities firms differ significantly from commercial banks in their financing, business models, and in other ways</ARG0>, so <ARG1>the fiducial rules are not directly applicable to these firms</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,57,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_57_0,"Perhaps the most critical question is, have we arrived at the place where virtually every primary dealer is considered too big or too interconnected to fail?","Perhaps the most critical question is, have we arrived at the place where virtually every primary dealer is considered <ARG0>too big</ARG0> or too interconnected to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,57,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_57_1,"Perhaps the most critical question is, have we arrived at the place where virtually every primary dealer is considered too big or too interconnected to fail?","Perhaps the most critical question is, have we arrived at the place where virtually every primary dealer is considered too big or <ARG0>too interconnected</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,275,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_275_1,"But we have I think taken out of that--and you have elaborated with the resolution issue--the question of macro-stability regulator, of the Federal Reserve being given powers to deal with the problems that could come to a system from someone too big or too unconnected to fail.","But we have I think taken out of that--and you have elaborated with the resolution issue--the question of macro-stability regulator, of the Federal Reserve being given powers to deal with the problems that could come to a system from someone <ARG0>too big</ARG0> or too unconnected to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,275,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_275_2,"But we have I think taken out of that--and you have elaborated with the resolution issue--the question of macro-stability regulator, of the Federal Reserve being given powers to deal with the problems that could come to a system from someone too big or too unconnected to fail.","But we have I think taken out of that--and you have elaborated with the resolution issue--the question of macro-stability regulator, of the Federal Reserve being given powers to deal with the problems that could come to a system from someone too big or <ARG0>too unconnected</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,58,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_58_0,"The logical extension of this too big to fail perception is that markets no longer work and that the government must not only exercise greater control of our capital markets, but also be the ultimate guarantor of financial solvency; that would be a conclusion I could not endorse.","The logical extension of this <ARG0>too big</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1> perception is that markets no longer work and that the government must not only exercise greater control of our capital markets, but also be the ultimate guarantor of financial solvency; that would be a conclusion I could not endorse.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,68,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_68_1,"To preserve market discipline and discourage moral hazard, we must see to it that no firm should be considered too big or interconnected to fail.","To preserve market discipline and discourage moral hazard, we must see to it that no firm should be considered <ARG0>too big or interconnected</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,153,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_153_1,"We will be constrained by them, but this is too important for you to be, so please, both of you can ignore the red lights.","We will be <ARG1>constrained by them</ARG1>, but this is <ARG0>too important</ARG0> for <ARG1>you</ARG1> to <ARG1>be</ARG1>, so please, both of you can ignore the red lights.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,173,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_173_0,They are that an institution may be too interconnected to fail or too big to fail.,They are that an institution may be <ARG0>too interconnected</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1> or too big to fail.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,173,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_173_1,They are that an institution may be too interconnected to fail or too big to fail.,They are that an institution may be too interconnected to fail or <ARG0>too big</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,218,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_218_0,"It is not too soon, however, to think about steps that might be taken to reduce the incidence and severity of future financial crises.","It is not <ARG0>too soon</ARG0>, however, to <ARG1>think about steps that might be taken to reduce the incidence and severity of future financial crises</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,218,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_218_1,"It is not too soon, however, to think about steps that might be taken to reduce the incidence and severity of future financial crises.","It is not too soon, however, to think about steps <ARG1>that might be taken</ARG1> to <ARG0>reduce the incidence and severity of future financial crises</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,212,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_212_1,"In these efforts we aim not only to make the financial system better able to withstand future shocks, but also to mitigate moral hazard and the problem of too big to fail by reducing the range of circumstances in which systemic stability concerns might prompt a government intervention.","In these efforts we aim not only to make the financial system better able to withstand future shocks, but also to mitigate moral hazard and the problem of <ARG0>too big</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1> by reducing the range of circumstances in which systemic stability concerns might prompt a government intervention.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,46,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_46_1,"So our job, I believe--and I congratulate the officials of this Administration for having done a good job in the current legal context of dealing with these problems--is to look at what happened, to look at what is now going on, and to decide what should be done to provide a better statutory framework for the increase in regulation that I believe people agree should happen.","So our job, I believe--and <ARG1>I congratulate the officials of this Administration</ARG1> for <ARG0>having done a good job in the current legal context of dealing with these problems</ARG0>--is to look at what happened, to look at what is now going on, and to decide what should be done to provide a better statutory framework for the increase in regulation that I believe people agree should happen.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,201,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_201_2,"Since the near collapse of the Bear Stearns companies in March, the Federal Reserve has been working closely with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the functional supervisor of each of the primary dealers and the consolidated supervisor of the four large investment banks, to help ensure that those firms have the financial strength needed to withstand conditions of extreme market stress.","Since the near collapse of the Bear Stearns companies in March, the Federal Reserve has been working closely with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the functional supervisor of each of the primary dealers and the consolidated supervisor of the four large investment banks, to help ensure that those firms have <ARG0>the financial strength</ARG0> needed to <ARG1>withstand conditions of extreme market stress</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,158,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_158_1,"We have enough time to listen to this, so please don't be constrained.","We have <ARG0>enough time</ARG0> to <ARG1>listen to this</ARG1>, so please don't be constrained.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,109,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_109_1,"What brought us here today are these specifically and the latter actions on the part of the Fed, actions that begged the question, what can the Federal Government do to prevent future, similar bailouts that can put taxpayer dollars at risk?","What brought us here today are these specifically and the latter actions on the part of the Fed, actions that begged the question, <ARG1>what can the Federal Government do</ARG1> to <ARG0>prevent future, similar bailouts that can put taxpayer dollars at risk</ARG0>?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,180,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_180_1,Any potential commitment of government support should be an extraordinary event that requires the engagement of the Treasury Department and contains sufficient criteria to prevent cost to the taxpayer to the greatest extent possible.,Any potential commitment of government support should be an extraordinary event that requires the engagement of the Treasury Department and contains <ARG0>sufficient criteria</ARG0> to <ARG1>prevent cost to the taxpayer to the greatest extent possible</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,297,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_297_0,"The Chairman:  I'm going to break my own rule just to make one statement, because I gather what you're saying is, it is better in this very complex and very important set of issues that we do it right and that we do it very quickly.","The Chairman:  I'm going to <ARG1>break my own rule</ARG1> just to <ARG0>make one statement</ARG0>, because I gather what you're saying is, it is better in this very complex and very important set of issues that we do it right and that we do it very quickly.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,214,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_214_1,"Currently the Federal Reserve relies on a patchwork of authorities, largely derived from our role as a banking supervisor as well as on moral suasion to help ensure that the various payment and settlement systems have the necessary procedures and controls in place to manage the risks that they face.","Currently the Federal Reserve relies on <ARG0>a patchwork of authorities, largely derived from our role as a banking supervisor as well as on moral suasion</ARG0> to help <ARG1>ensure that the various payment and settlement systems have the necessary procedures and controls in place to manage the risks that they face</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,224,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_224_0,"The fiducial law also requires that failing banks be resolved in a way that imposes the least cost to the government, except when the authorities through a well-defined procedure determine that following the least cost route would entail significant systemic risk.","<ARG0>The fiducial law</ARG0> also requires <ARG1>that failing banks be resolved in a way that imposes the least cost to the government, except when the authorities through a well-defined procedure determine that following the least cost route would entail significant systemic risk</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,213,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_213_1,"More generally, the stability of the broader financial system requires key payment and settlement systems to operate smoothly under stress and to effectively manage counterparty risk.","More generally, <ARG1>the stability of the broader financial system</ARG1> requires <ARG0>key payment and settlement systems</ARG0> to <ARG0>operate smoothly under stress</ARG0> and to <ARG0>effectively manage counterparty risk</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,237,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_237_0,That doesn't mean that it means more regulation everywhere.,That doesn't mean that <ARG0>it</ARG0> means <ARG1>more regulation everywhere</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,257,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_257_0,"I think this is an important task, and there's a great deal of agreement, that we should be moving to empower the Federal Reserve to have regulatory authority over a wide range of financial institutions in recognition in part of the fact that they have a systemic impact and that the current situation puts the Fed in an untenable position of being given a set of expectations to respond when it doesn't have the full panoply of tools to respond.","I think this is an important task, and there's a great deal of agreement, that <ARG0>we should be moving to empower the Federal Reserve to have regulatory authority over a wide range of financial institutions</ARG0> in recognition in part of <ARG1>the fact that they have a systemic impact and that the current situation puts the Fed in an untenable position of being given a set of expectations to respond when it doesn't have the full panoply of tools to respond</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,6,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_6_0,Let me remind the members that Chairman Bernanke will be before this committee next week for the Humphrey-Hawkins hearing on the economy.,Let me remind the members that <ARG1>Chairman Bernanke will be before this committee next week</ARG1> for <ARG0>the Humphrey-Hawkins hearing on the economy</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,9,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_9_0,"We will have the Chairman before us for 3 more hours next week to talk about the economy and Humphrey-Hawkins; and, again, I would urge members to do that.","<ARG1>We will have the Chairman before us for 3 more hours next week</ARG1> to <ARG0>talk about the economy and Humphrey-Hawkins</ARG0>; and, again, I would urge members to do that.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,13,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_13_1,Members want to get a new context because the experience regarding Bear Stearns is clearly the context in which much of this hearing is and much of what we will be talking about is what happens if that should occur.,Members want to get a new context because the experience regarding Bear Stearns is clearly the context in which much of this hearing is and much of what we will be talking about is <ARG1>what happens</ARG1> if <ARG0>that should occur</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,16,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_16_0,"And, obviously, we are not going to completely finish in 5 minutes, but no question can be asked after the 5 minutes have expired.","And, obviously, we are not going to completely finish in 5 minutes, but <ARG1>no question can be asked</ARG1> after <ARG0>the 5 minutes have expired</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,18,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_18_0,But I am going to have to restrain myself and others from asking any questions after the 5 minutes.,But I am going to have to restrain myself and others from <ARG1>asking any questions</ARG1> after <ARG0>the 5 minutes</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,19,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_19_0,"Under the rules that apply when we have cabinet and cabinet-level officials, there are two opening statements on each side, the chairs and ranking members of the appropriate subcommittees.","Under the rules <ARG1>that apply</ARG1> when <ARG0>we have cabinet and cabinet-level officials</ARG0>, there are two opening statements on each side, the chairs and ranking members of the appropriate subcommittees.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,22,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_22_0,"When I was about to become chairman of this committee in 2006, I was told by a wide range of people that our agenda should be that of further deregulating.","When <ARG0>I was about to become chairman of this committee in 2006</ARG0>, <ARG1>I was told by a wide range of people that our agenda should be that of further deregulating</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,31,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_31_0,"It is clear that this needs to be done in the context of international cooperation, and I am encouraged to believe, and the first trip this committee took when I became chairman was to Belgium and London to meet with people from the European Union and Great Britain in terms of their financial regulation.","It is clear that this needs to be done in the context of international cooperation, and I am encouraged to believe, and the first trip <ARG1>this committee took</ARG1> when <ARG0>I became chairman</ARG0> was to Belgium and London to meet with people from the European Union and Great Britain in terms of their financial regulation.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,35,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_35_0,"Innovation is very important, and an innovation that has brought a great deal of benefit during the last few decades is securitization.","Innovation is very important, and an innovation <ARG1>that has brought a great deal of benefit</ARG1> during <ARG0>the last few decades</ARG0> is securitization.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,25,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_25_1,"Where there was a strong argument as recently as November of 2006 that we had been over-regulating the financial system, I believe the evidence is now clear that we are in one of the most serious economic troubles that we have seen recently, in part because of an inadequacy of regulation.","Where <ARG0>there was a strong argument as recently as November of 2006 that we had been over-regulating the financial system</ARG0>, <ARG1>I believe the evidence is now clear that we are in one of the most serious economic troubles that we have seen recently, in part because of an inadequacy of regulation</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,39,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_39_0,We have had too many loans made without sufficient attention to whether or not the loans could be repaid.,We have had too many loans <ARG1>made</ARG1> without <ARG0>sufficient attention to whether or not the loans could be repaid</ARG0>.,0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,48,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_48_1,"Mr. Bachus:  I thank the chairman for holding this hearing on systemic risk and the appropriate regulatory responses to managing that risk and I know there will be short-term responses, and at some time in the future maybe a new regulatory structure which will take time.","Mr. Bachus:  I thank the chairman for holding this hearing on systemic risk and the appropriate regulatory responses to managing that risk and I know <ARG1>there will be</ARG1> short-term responses, and at <ARG0>some time in the future</ARG0> <ARG1>maybe a new regulatory structure which will take time</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,61,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_61_1,"I believe we have reached a consensus that we must establish a modern, regulatory structure to strengthen the safety and soundness of our institutions and discourage unsound practices and conduct.","I believe we have reached a consensus that <ARG0>we</ARG0> must establish a modern, regulatory structure to strengthen the safety and soundness of our institutions and discourage <ARG1>unsound practices and conduct</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,63,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_63_1,"And if one does fail, we must ensure that taxpayers are not left holding the bag.","And if <ARG0>one does fail</ARG0>, <ARG1>we must ensure that taxpayers are not left holding the bag</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,64,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_64_1,"Thanks to the fast action of the Federal Reserve in cooperation with the SEC and the Treasury, we dodged a bullet when Bear Stearns collapsed.","Thanks to the fast action of the Federal Reserve in cooperation with the SEC and the Treasury, <ARG1>we dodged a bullet</ARG1> when <ARG0>Bear Stearns collapsed</ARG0>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,68,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_68_2,"To preserve market discipline and discourage moral hazard, we must see to it that no firm should be considered too big or interconnected to fail.","To preserve market discipline and discourage <ARG1>moral hazard</ARG1>, <ARG0>we</ARG0> must see to it that no firm should be considered too big or interconnected to fail.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,69,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_69_2,"To protect against systemic risk, we must ensure that when a firm fails, it does not bring down the entire financial system with it, i.e., an orderly liquidation.","To protect against systemic risk, we must ensure that when <ARG0>a firm fails</ARG0>, <ARG1>it does not bring down the entire financial system with it, i.e., an orderly liquidation</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,71,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_71_0,"In conclusion, of necessity we have to plan for how to handle the failure of a major institution.","In conclusion, of <ARG0>necessity</ARG0> <ARG1>we have to plan for how to handle the failure of a major institution</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,77,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_77_0,"Mr. Kanjorski:  Mr. Chairman, this hearing comes at a critical juncture.","Mr. Kanjorski:  Mr. Chairman, <ARG1>this hearing comes</ARG1> at <ARG0>a critical juncture</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,78,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_78_2,"As the economy reels from a widespread, far-reaching financial crisis that continues to wreak havoc on everything from the housing market to student loans, while we remain focused on many current economic difficulties average Americans face, we must simultaneously look to the future to determine how to prevent or at least mitigate future crises.","As <ARG0>the economy reels from a widespread, far-reaching financial crisis that continues to wreak havoc on everything from the housing market to student loans</ARG0>, while we remain focused on many current economic difficulties average Americans face, <ARG1>we must simultaneously look to the future to determine how to prevent or at least mitigate future crises</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,78,3,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_78_3,"As the economy reels from a widespread, far-reaching financial crisis that continues to wreak havoc on everything from the housing market to student loans, while we remain focused on many current economic difficulties average Americans face, we must simultaneously look to the future to determine how to prevent or at least mitigate future crises.","As the economy reels from a widespread, far-reaching financial crisis that continues to wreak havoc on everything from the housing market to student loans, while <ARG0>we remain focused on many current economic difficulties average Americans face</ARG0>, <ARG1>we must simultaneously look to the future to determine how to prevent or at least mitigate future crises</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,80,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_80_1,"But we must develop innovative, regulatory and oversight responses to keep pace as these market transactions evolve.","But we must develop innovative, regulatory and oversight responses to <ARG1>keep pace</ARG1> as <ARG0>these market transactions evolve</ARG0>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,86,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_86_0,"No one else can borrow money without conditions, and the American people do not expect that the investment bank be allowed to do so.","<ARG1>No one else can borrow money</ARG1> without <ARG0>conditions</ARG0>, and the American people do not expect that the investment bank be allowed to do so.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,87,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_87_0,"Chairman Bernanke spoke 2 days ago and raised many of these issues and offered ideas for consideration, noting that the financial turmoil since August underscores the need to find ways to make the financial system more resilient and more stable.","Chairman Bernanke spoke 2 days ago and raised many of these issues and offered ideas for consideration, noting that <ARG1>the financial turmoil</ARG1> since <ARG0>August</ARG0> underscores the need to find ways to make the financial system more resilient and more stable.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,102,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_102_0,"Mrs. Biggert:  Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for holding today's hearing on systemic risk.","Mrs. Biggert:  Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and <ARG1>thank you</ARG1> for <ARG0>holding today's hearing on systemic risk</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,114,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_114_0,"I think without delay, we need to strike the right balance and create a simpler, stronger, regulatory system that preserves the resilience of our economy, protects taxpayers, and maintains the position of our financial system as the envy of the world.","I think without delay, <ARG0>we</ARG0> need to strike the right balance and create <ARG1>a simpler, stronger, regulatory system that preserves the resilience of our economy, protects taxpayers, and maintains the position of our financial system as the envy of the world</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,123,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_123_0,"As you know, our financial markets have been experiencing turmoil since last August.","As you know, <ARG1>our financial markets have been experiencing turmoil</ARG1> since <ARG0>last August</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,124,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_124_0,It will take additional time to work through these challenges.,It will take <ARG0>additional time</ARG0> to <ARG1>work through these challenges</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,130,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_130_0,Their regulator has made clear that they are adequately capitalized.,<ARG0>Their regulator</ARG0> has made <ARG1>clear that they are adequately capitalized</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,135,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_135_2,"Although our regulatory architecture and authorities are outdated and less than optimal, we have been working together; while respecting our different authorities or responsibilities, we have been working together to ensure the stability of the financial system, because it is in the interest of the American people that we do so.","Although our regulatory architecture and authorities are outdated and less than optimal, we have been working together; while <ARG0>respecting our different authorities or responsibilities</ARG0>, <ARG1>we have been working together to ensure the stability of the financial system, because it is in the interest of the American people that we do so</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,135,3,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_135_3,"Although our regulatory architecture and authorities are outdated and less than optimal, we have been working together; while respecting our different authorities or responsibilities, we have been working together to ensure the stability of the financial system, because it is in the interest of the American people that we do so.","Although our regulatory architecture and authorities are outdated and less than optimal, we have been working together; while respecting our different authorities or responsibilities, <ARG1>we have been working together</ARG1> to <ARG0>ensure the stability of the financial system</ARG0>, because it is in the interest of the American people that we do so.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,142,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_142_0,"I look forward to discussing these ideas with you today, even as we continue our primary focus on confronting current challenges and maintaining stable, orderly financial markets.","I look forward to <ARG1>discussing these ideas with you today</ARG1>, even as <ARG0>we continue our primary focus on confronting current challenges and maintaining stable, orderly financial markets</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,159,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_159_0,"Secretary Paulson:  When we released the Blueprint, I said that we were laying out a long-term vision that would not be implemented soon.","Secretary Paulson:  When <ARG0>we released the Blueprint</ARG0>, <ARG1>I said that we were laying out a long-term vision that would not be implemented soon</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,160,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_160_0,"Since then, the Bear Stearns episode and market turmoil more generally have placed in stark relief the outdated nature of our regulatory system and has convinced me that we must move much more quickly to update our regulatory structure and improve both market oversight and market discipline.","Since <ARG0>then</ARG0>, <ARG1>the Bear Stearns episode and market turmoil more generally have placed in stark relief the outdated nature of our regulatory system and has convinced me that we must move much more quickly to update our regulatory structure and improve both market oversight and market discipline</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,174,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_174_1,"Steps are being taken to improve market infrastructure, especially where our financial firms are highly intertwined.","<ARG1>Steps are being taken to improve market infrastructure</ARG1>, especially where <ARG0>our financial firms are highly intertwined</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,210,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_210_0,"For example, since September 2005, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has been leading a major joint initiative by both the public and private sectors to improve arrangements for clearing and settling credit default swaps and other OTC derivatives.","For example, since <ARG0>September 2005</ARG0>, <ARG1>the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has been leading a major joint initiative by both the public and private sectors to improve arrangements for clearing and settling credit default swaps and other OTC derivatives</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,243,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_243_0,"I have to say that there are people who say, well, either you create a brand new regulator, it seems to me, which would be I think a mistake, or you give it to the Federal Reserve.","I have to say that there are people who say, well, either <ARG0>you</ARG0> create <ARG1>a brand new regulator</ARG1>, it seems to me, which would be I think a mistake, or you give it to the Federal Reserve.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,245,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_245_0,"A situation in which the Federal Reserve is available and is under pressure to provide funding, but does not have the ability to act well before that time to diminish the need for that and to oppose conditions, that is unacceptable.","A situation in which the Federal Reserve is available and is under pressure to provide funding, but does not have the ability to <ARG1>act</ARG1> well before <ARG0>that time</ARG0> <ARG1>to diminish the need for that and to oppose conditions</ARG1>, that is unacceptable.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,257,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_257_1,"I think this is an important task, and there's a great deal of agreement, that we should be moving to empower the Federal Reserve to have regulatory authority over a wide range of financial institutions in recognition in part of the fact that they have a systemic impact and that the current situation puts the Fed in an untenable position of being given a set of expectations to respond when it doesn't have the full panoply of tools to respond.","I think this is an important task, and there's a great deal of agreement, that we should be moving to empower the Federal Reserve to have regulatory authority over a wide range of financial institutions in recognition in part of the fact that they have a systemic impact and that the current situation puts the Fed in an untenable position of being given a set of expectations to <ARG1>respond</ARG1> when <ARG0>it doesn't have the full panoply of tools to respond</ARG0>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,276,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_276_0,"Here is the question: Working together as we have within existing authorities, with yourselves, with I hope cooperation--that you understand cooperation with us--can we get by until the end of the year?","Here is the question: Working together as we have within existing authorities, with yourselves, with I hope cooperation--that you understand cooperation with us--<ARG1>can we get by</ARG1> until <ARG0>the end of the year</ARG0>?",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,72,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_72_0,"It is important, however, that we create a system focused not on failure, but on success.","It is important, however, that <ARG0>we</ARG0> create <ARG1>a system focused not on failure, but on success</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,148,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_148_0,"These include formalizing the current informal coordination among U.S. financial regulators by amending and enhancing the Executive Order which created the President's Working Group on Financial Markets, and while retaining State level regulation of mortgage origination practices, creating a new Federal level commission, the Mortgage Origination Commission, to establish minimum standards for among other things personal conduct and disciplinary history, minimum educational requirements, testing criteria and procedures, and appropriate licensing revocation standards.","These include formalizing the current informal coordination among U.S. financial regulators by amending and enhancing the Executive Order <ARG0>which</ARG0> created <ARG1>the President's Working Group on Financial Markets</ARG1>, and while retaining State level regulation of mortgage origination practices, creating a new Federal level commission, the Mortgage Origination Commission, to establish minimum standards for among other things personal conduct and disciplinary history, minimum educational requirements, testing criteria and procedures, and appropriate licensing revocation standards.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,17,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_17_0,We will allow the answers to conclude.,<ARG0>We</ARG0> will allow <ARG1>the answers</ARG1> to <ARG1>conclude</ARG1>.,0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,75,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_75_0,"Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for holding this hearing, and thank you to our witnesses.","<ARG1>Thank you, Mr. Chairman</ARG1>, for <ARG0>holding this hearing</ARG0>, and thank you to our witnesses.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,96,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_96_0,"To the extent that we can glean further insight from our panelists today, that would be of tremendous help, for it is true that speculators bear blame.","<ARG1>To the extent that we can glean further insight from our panelists today, that would be of tremendous help</ARG1>, for <ARG0>it is true that speculators bear blame</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,148,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_148_1,"These include formalizing the current informal coordination among U.S. financial regulators by amending and enhancing the Executive Order which created the President's Working Group on Financial Markets, and while retaining State level regulation of mortgage origination practices, creating a new Federal level commission, the Mortgage Origination Commission, to establish minimum standards for among other things personal conduct and disciplinary history, minimum educational requirements, testing criteria and procedures, and appropriate licensing revocation standards.","These include formalizing the current informal coordination among U.S. financial regulators by amending and enhancing the Executive Order which created the President's Working Group on Financial Markets, and while <ARG0>retaining State level regulation of mortgage origination practices</ARG0>, <ARG1>creating a new Federal level commission, the Mortgage Origination Commission, to establish minimum standards for among other things personal conduct and disciplinary history, minimum educational requirements, testing criteria and procedures, and appropriate licensing revocation standards</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,165,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_165_1,"Therefore, we should consider how to most appropriately give the Federal Reserve the authority to access necessary information from complex financial institutions, whether it is a commercial bank, an investment bank, a hedge fund, or another type of financial institution, and the tools to intervene to mitigate systemic risk in advance of a crisis.","Therefore, we should consider how to most appropriately give the Federal Reserve the authority to access necessary information from complex financial institutions, whether it is a commercial bank, an investment bank, a hedge fund, or another type of financial institution, and <ARG0>the tools</ARG0> to <ARG1>intervene to mitigate systemic risk in advance of a crisis</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,167,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_167_1,"Market discipline is also critical to the health of our financial system, and must be reinforced, because regulation alone cannot eliminate all future bouts of market instability.","<ARG0>Market discipline</ARG0> is also critical to <ARG1>the health of our financial system</ARG1>, and must be reinforced, because regulation alone cannot eliminate all future bouts of market instability.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,167,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_167_2,"Market discipline is also critical to the health of our financial system, and must be reinforced, because regulation alone cannot eliminate all future bouts of market instability.","Market discipline is also critical to the health of our financial system, and must be reinforced, because <ARG0>regulation alone</ARG0> cannot eliminate <ARG1>all future bouts of market instability</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,180,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_180_2,Any potential commitment of government support should be an extraordinary event that requires the engagement of the Treasury Department and contains sufficient criteria to prevent cost to the taxpayer to the greatest extent possible.,Any potential commitment of government support should be an extraordinary event <ARG0>that</ARG0> requires <ARG1>the engagement of the Treasury Department</ARG1> and contains sufficient criteria to prevent cost to the taxpayer to the greatest extent possible.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,183,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_183_0,"Again, thank you for your leadership.","Again, <ARG1>thank you</ARG1> for <ARG0>your leadership</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,187,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_187_0,The financial turmoil that began last summer has impeded the ability of the financial system to perform its normal functions and has adversely affected the broader economy.,<ARG0>The financial turmoil that began last summer</ARG0> has impeded <ARG1>the ability of the financial system to perform its normal functions</ARG1> and has adversely affected the broader economy.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,201,3,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_201_3,"Since the near collapse of the Bear Stearns companies in March, the Federal Reserve has been working closely with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the functional supervisor of each of the primary dealers and the consolidated supervisor of the four large investment banks, to help ensure that those firms have the financial strength needed to withstand conditions of extreme market stress.","Since <ARG0>the near collapse of the Bear Stearns companies in March</ARG0>, <ARG1>the Federal Reserve has been working closely with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the functional supervisor of each of the primary dealers and the consolidated supervisor of the four large investment banks, to help ensure that those firms have the financial strength needed to withstand conditions of extreme market stress</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,203,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_203_0,"Cooperation between the Fed and SEC is taking place within the existing statutory framework, with the objective of addressing the near-term situation.","<ARG1>Cooperation between the Fed and SEC is taking place within the existing statutory framework</ARG1>, with the objective of <ARG0>addressing the near-term situation</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,206,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_206_0,"Strong holding company oversight is essential, and thus in my view the Congress should consider requiring consolidated supervision of those firms and providing the regulator the authority to set standards for capital liquidity holdings and risk management.","<ARG0>Strong holding company oversight is essential</ARG0>, and thus <ARG1>in my view the Congress should consider requiring consolidated supervision of those firms and providing the regulator the authority to set standards for capital liquidity holdings and risk management</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,206,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_206_1,"Strong holding company oversight is essential, and thus in my view the Congress should consider requiring consolidated supervision of those firms and providing the regulator the authority to set standards for capital liquidity holdings and risk management.","Strong holding company oversight is essential, and thus in my view <ARG0>the Congress</ARG0> should consider requiring <ARG1>consolidated supervision of those firms</ARG1> and providing the regulator the authority to set standards for capital liquidity holdings and risk management.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,212,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_212_2,"In these efforts we aim not only to make the financial system better able to withstand future shocks, but also to mitigate moral hazard and the problem of too big to fail by reducing the range of circumstances in which systemic stability concerns might prompt a government intervention.","In these efforts we aim not only to make the financial system better able to withstand future shocks, but also to mitigate moral hazard and the problem of too big to fail by reducing the range of circumstances in which <ARG0>systemic stability concerns</ARG0> might prompt <ARG1>a government intervention</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,214,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_214_2,"Currently the Federal Reserve relies on a patchwork of authorities, largely derived from our role as a banking supervisor as well as on moral suasion to help ensure that the various payment and settlement systems have the necessary procedures and controls in place to manage the risks that they face.","Currently the Federal Reserve relies on a patchwork of authorities, largely derived from our role as a banking supervisor as well as on moral suasion to help ensure that the various payment and settlement systems have <ARG0>the necessary procedures and controls</ARG0> in place to <ARG1>manage the risks that they face</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,216,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_216_1,"Because robust payment and settlement systems are vital for financial stability, the Congress should consider granting the Federal Reserve explicit oversight authority for systemically important payment and settlement systems.","Because <ARG0>robust payment and settlement systems</ARG0> are vital for <ARG1>financial stability</ARG1>, the Congress should consider granting the Federal Reserve explicit oversight authority for systemically important payment and settlement systems.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,281,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_281_0,"Secretary Paulson:  Mr. Chairman, let me respond by saying first of all, the role of the Fed as a macro stability regulator will take time to think through.","Secretary Paulson:  Mr. Chairman, let me respond by saying first of all, the role of the Fed as a macro stability regulator will take <ARG0>time</ARG0> to <ARG1>think through</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,285,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_285_0,That will clearly take some time to consider and to get the legislation through.,That will clearly take <ARG0>some time</ARG0> to <ARG1>consider</ARG1> and to get the legislation through.,0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,285,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_285_1,That will clearly take some time to consider and to get the legislation through.,That will clearly take <ARG0>some time</ARG0> to consider and to <ARG1>get the legislation through</ARG1>.,0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,286,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_286_0,Even more pressing is--which is again a complex issue which will take time--is the issue of the resolution process and procedures for complex financial institutions that aren't federally insured.,Even more pressing is--which is again a complex issue <ARG1>which</ARG1> will take <ARG0>time</ARG0>--is the issue of the resolution process and procedures for complex financial institutions that aren't federally insured.,0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,289,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_289_0,But that will take some time.,But <ARG0>that</ARG0> will take <ARG1>some time</ARG1>.,0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann,146,3,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-1.ann_146_3,"If implemented, these recommendations eliminate regulatory competition that creates inefficiencies and can engender a race to the bottom.","If implemented, <ARG0>these recommendations</ARG0> eliminate <ARG1>regulatory competition that creates inefficiencies and can engender a race to the bottom</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,1,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_1_0,There are many steps that could be taken at the regulatory and supervisory level to strengthen the oversight of banks and other financial institutions.,There are many steps <ARG1>that could be taken at the regulatory and supervisory level</ARG1> to <ARG0>strengthen the oversight of banks and other financial institutions</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,6,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_6_0,So there are a number of things we can do to strengthen the oversight under existing statutes and to make sure that the infrastructure is working as well as possible.,So there are a number of things <ARG1>we can do</ARG1> to <ARG0>strengthen the oversight under existing statutes</ARG0> and to make sure that the infrastructure is working as well as possible.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,6,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_6_1,So there are a number of things we can do to strengthen the oversight under existing statutes and to make sure that the infrastructure is working as well as possible.,So there are a number of things <ARG1>we can do</ARG1> to strengthen the oversight under existing statutes and to <ARG0>make sure that the infrastructure is working as well as possible</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,6,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_6_2,So there are a number of things we can do to strengthen the oversight under existing statutes and to make sure that the infrastructure is working as well as possible.,So there are a number of things <ARG0>we</ARG0> can do to strengthen the oversight under existing statutes and to make sure <ARG1>that the infrastructure is working as well as possible</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,7,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_7_0,"For example, I mentioned also the private-public cooperation that we are now having to strengthen the OTC derivatives infrastructure and the like.","For example, I mentioned also the private-public cooperation <ARG1>that we are now having</ARG1> to <ARG0>strengthen the OTC derivatives infrastructure and the like</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,13,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_13_0,"Mr. Bachus:  You know, one thing I have noticed, I know the President's Working Group, you know, as far back as say a year ago or I think as late as March, talked about the risk management practices of the investment banks as being faulty and that resulted in a lot of what we are seeing, market turmoil.","Mr. Bachus:  You know, one thing I have noticed, I know the President's Working Group, you know, as far back as say a year ago or I think as late as March, talked about the risk management practices of the investment banks as being faulty and <ARG0>that</ARG0> resulted in <ARG1>a lot of what we are seeing, market turmoil</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,21,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_21_0,"We have encouraged, both of our organizations have encouraged financial institutions to recognize losses and to raise capital, because capital is available, and that is a much better alternative than shrinking their balance sheets and pulling back from the activities that are so necessary.","<ARG1>We have encouraged, both of our organizations have encouraged financial institutions to recognize losses and to raise capital</ARG1>, because <ARG0>capital is available, and that is a much better alternative than shrinking their balance sheets and pulling back from the activities that are so necessary</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,23,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_23_0,"Mr. Bernanke:  Congressman, our first objective is to make sure that these firms are safe and able to withstand the current stresses.","Mr. Bernanke:  Congressman, <ARG0>our</ARG0> first objective is to make sure <ARG1>that these firms are safe and able to withstand the current stresses</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,29,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_29_0,"But I think it's something that as we go forward, we will want to look at much harder to try to limit the regulatory impact on the procyclicality of credit.","But I think it's something <ARG1>that</ARG1> as we go forward, <ARG1>we will want to look at much harder</ARG1> to <ARG0>try to limit the regulatory impact on the procyclicality of credit</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,34,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_34_0,We are currently looking at that in the hope that we will make a clearer statement about when private equity can come in and add capital to the banking system.,<ARG1>We are currently looking at that</ARG1> in the hope that <ARG0>we will make a clearer statement about when private equity can come in and add capital to the banking system</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,40,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_40_0,And what occurs to me is that this gap we are talking about between now and when the new Congress convenes it could pass the emergency powers or extraordinary powers or change powers that are necessary to meet this crisis.,And what occurs to me is that this gap we are talking about between now and when the new Congress convenes it could pass the emergency powers or extraordinary powers or change powers <ARG0>that</ARG0> are necessary to <ARG1>meet this crisis</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,43,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_43_0,And is there perhaps a need for extraordinary emergency legislation to empower either the Federal Reserve or Treasury to take certain actions to prevent systemic risk if over the next 9-month period the Congress is not able to act and you discern that the powers you have are not adequate to meet the challenges?,And is there perhaps a need for extraordinary emergency legislation to empower either the Federal Reserve or Treasury to <ARG1>take certain actions</ARG1> to <ARG0>prevent systemic risk</ARG0> if over the next 9-month period the Congress is not able to act and you discern that the powers you have are not adequate to meet the challenges?,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,43,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_43_1,And is there perhaps a need for extraordinary emergency legislation to empower either the Federal Reserve or Treasury to take certain actions to prevent systemic risk if over the next 9-month period the Congress is not able to act and you discern that the powers you have are not adequate to meet the challenges?,And is there perhaps a need for extraordinary emergency legislation to empower either the Federal Reserve or Treasury to <ARG1>take certain actions to prevent systemic risk</ARG1> if <ARG0>over the next 9-month period the Congress is not able to act and you discern that the powers you have are not adequate to meet the challenges</ARG0>?,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,43,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_43_2,And is there perhaps a need for extraordinary emergency legislation to empower either the Federal Reserve or Treasury to take certain actions to prevent systemic risk if over the next 9-month period the Congress is not able to act and you discern that the powers you have are not adequate to meet the challenges?,And is there perhaps a need for extraordinary emergency legislation to empower <ARG0>either the Federal Reserve or Treasury</ARG0> to take certain actions to prevent <ARG1>systemic risk</ARG1> if over the next 9-month period the Congress is not able to act and you discern that the powers you have are not adequate to meet the challenges?,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,74,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_74_0,"To the Chairman of the Federal Reserve and to Secretary Paulson, I would just like to thank them I think for what has been excellent work in very difficult circumstances, as well as the chairman and the ranking member of the committee.","To the Chairman of the Federal Reserve and to Secretary Paulson, <ARG1>I would just like to thank them</ARG1> I think for <ARG0>what has been excellent work in very difficult circumstances</ARG0>, as well as the chairman and the ranking member of the committee.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,87,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_87_0,"First of all, your committee has been out in front on this, but let's get the GSE reform legislation done, to have a strong, independent regulator that will inject confidence into those institutions and into the markets, and that's a very positive thing.","First of all, your committee has been out in front on this, but <ARG1>let's get the GSE reform legislation done</ARG1>, to <ARG0>have a strong, independent regulator that will inject confidence into those institutions and into the markets</ARG0>, and that's a very positive thing.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,91,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_91_0,"But this is going to take some time, so begin work urgently on that.","But <ARG0>this is going to take some time</ARG0>, so <ARG1>begin work urgently on that</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,115,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_115_0,"But if you don't know which way you would like to head, you know, you have no chance of getting there.","But if <ARG0>you don't know which way you would like to head</ARG0>, you know, <ARG1>you have no chance of getting there</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,120,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_120_0,"And then the things we have talked about here that can be done quickly are the resolution authorities for complex financial institutions that aren't federally insured, giving the Federal Reserve authority and responsibility over the payment systems, which can be done very quickly; moving to have the Fed while retaining their responsibilities as a consolidated regulator, to give them the authorities they need to do the macro stability job, can be done.","And then the things we have talked about here that can be done quickly are the resolution authorities for complex financial institutions that aren't federally insured, giving the Federal Reserve authority and responsibility over the payment systems, which can be done very quickly; moving to have the Fed while retaining their responsibilities as a consolidated regulator, to give them <ARG0>the authorities</ARG0> they need to <ARG1>do the macro stability job</ARG1>, can be done.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,127,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_127_0,"I would like to thank you first for holding this very important hearing today, and I would like to thank both Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke for being here today.","I would like to <ARG1>thank you</ARG1> first for <ARG0>holding this very important hearing today</ARG0>, and I would like to thank both Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke for being here today.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,127,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_127_1,"I would like to thank you first for holding this very important hearing today, and I would like to thank both Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke for being here today.","I would like to thank you first for holding this very important hearing today, and I would like to <ARG1>thank both Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke</ARG1> for <ARG0>being here today</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,128,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_128_0,"Let me start by saying that which you have probably heard too often, how disappointed I am with all of us, Members of Congress, for what appears to have been weak oversight of our regulatory agencies, and our regulatory agencies for what appears to have been weak oversight of our financial institutions.","Let me start by saying that which you have probably heard too often, <ARG1>how disappointed I am with all of us, Members of Congress</ARG1>, for <ARG0>what appears to have been weak oversight of our regulatory agencies</ARG0>, and our regulatory agencies for what appears to have been weak oversight of our financial institutions.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,128,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_128_1,"Let me start by saying that which you have probably heard too often, how disappointed I am with all of us, Members of Congress, for what appears to have been weak oversight of our regulatory agencies, and our regulatory agencies for what appears to have been weak oversight of our financial institutions.","Let me start by saying that which you have probably heard too often, <ARG1>how disappointed I am with</ARG1> all of us, Members of Congress, for what appears to have been weak oversight of our regulatory agencies, and <ARG1>our regulatory agencies</ARG1> for <ARG0>what appears to have been weak oversight of our financial institutions</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,129,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_129_0,"I have to tell you, I have been holding hearings throughout the country on the subprime meltdown, and I'm absolutely stunned by the extent of the devastation to some of our families and communities caused by this subprime meltdown.","I have to tell you, I have been holding hearings throughout the country on the subprime meltdown, and I'm absolutely stunned by the extent of <ARG1>the devastation to some of our families and communities</ARG1> caused by <ARG0>this subprime meltdown</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,136,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_136_0,"I have to tell you, I'm surprised, because I thought that our regulatory agencies, no matter how they were organized, whether it was by financial institution category or not, had as its prime objective, all of those things that you talk about doing now.","I have to tell you, <ARG1>I'm surprised</ARG1>, because <ARG0>I thought that our regulatory agencies, no matter how they were organized, whether it was by financial institution category or not, had as its prime objective, all of those things that you talk about doing now</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,137,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_137_0,"So what I really want to know is not so much what you plan that may not be instituted for some time, because it takes some time to get this into practice, I want to know what you're doing now.","So <ARG1>what I really want to know is not so much what you plan that may not be instituted for some time</ARG1>, because <ARG0>it takes some time to get this into practice</ARG0>, I want to know what you're doing now.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,140,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_140_0,"And I want to know if you have anything in your plans to deal with them, because after we get finished with all of the President's HOPE NOW program and the money that we are giving to NeighborWorks and other organizations to do counseling, they can't do very much good, because the servicers are the ones who make the decisions.","And <ARG1>I want to know if you have anything in your plans to deal with them</ARG1>, because <ARG0>after we get finished with all of the President's HOPE NOW program and the money that we are giving to NeighborWorks and other organizations to do counseling, they can't do very much good, because the servicers are the ones who make the decisions</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,140,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_140_1,"And I want to know if you have anything in your plans to deal with them, because after we get finished with all of the President's HOPE NOW program and the money that we are giving to NeighborWorks and other organizations to do counseling, they can't do very much good, because the servicers are the ones who make the decisions.","And I want to know if you have anything in your plans to deal with them, because after we get finished with all of the President's HOPE NOW program and the money that we are giving to NeighborWorks and other organizations to do counseling, <ARG1>they can't do very much good</ARG1>, because <ARG0>the servicers are the ones who make the decisions</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,179,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_179_0,"And in a sense, when there's a principal writedown or other loan modification that is essentially what is happening, that you're giving a break to the borrower so the borrower can stay in the home, and I think that's a good thing to do.","And in a sense, when there's a principal writedown or other loan modification that is essentially what is happening, that <ARG1>you're giving a break to the borrower</ARG1> so <ARG0>the borrower can stay in the home</ARG0>, and I think that's a good thing to do.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,180,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_180_0,"The Chairman:  Let me ask, Mr. Secretary, that you respond in writing, particularly because of our time constraints, on the servicer issue.","The Chairman:  <ARG1>Let me ask, Mr. Secretary, that you respond in writing</ARG1>, particularly because of <ARG0>our time constraints</ARG0>, <ARG1>on the servicer issue</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,185,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_185_0,"I want to thank you, Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke, for being with us, and I want to begin with a question to Secretary Paulson.","I want to <ARG1>thank you, Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke</ARG1>, for <ARG0>being with us</ARG0>, and I want to begin with a question to Secretary Paulson.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,190,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_190_0,"Such private prudential regulation can be impaired, indeed even displaced,'' said Greenspan, ``if some counterparties assume that government regulators obviate private prudence.","<ARG1>Such private prudential regulation can be impaired, indeed even displaced</ARG1>,'' said Greenspan, ``if <ARG0>some counterparties assume that government regulators obviate private prudence</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,191,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_191_0,"We regulators are often perceived as constraining excessive risk-taking more effectively than is demonstrably possible in practice, except where market discipline is undermined by moral hazard, for example, because of federal guarantees of private debt, private regulation generally has proved far better at constraining excessive risk taking than has government regulation.''","We regulators are often perceived as constraining excessive risk-taking more effectively than is demonstrably possible in practice, except where <ARG1>market discipline is undermined by moral hazard</ARG1>, for example, because of <ARG0>federal guarantees of private debt</ARG0>, private regulation generally has proved far better at constraining excessive risk taking than has government regulation.''",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,194,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_194_0,"Other runs arise from fundamental developments, and for these, central bank intervention interference with market discipline distorts market prices.''","<ARG1>Other runs</ARG1> arise from <ARG0>fundamental developments</ARG0>, and for these, central bank intervention interference with market discipline distorts market prices.''",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,195,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_195_0,"And so I would ask you both if it is possible to establish a regulatory model that can provide a sense of security to prevent self-fulfilling prophesies, to use, you know, Jeffrey Lacker's words, with respect to runs on our financial institutions, and at the same time avoid interfering with the type of market discipline that Mr. Greenspan believes is so critical to the health of our capital markets.","And so I would ask you both if it is possible to establish a regulatory model <ARG1>that can provide a sense of security</ARG1> to <ARG0>prevent self-fulfilling prophesies, to use, you know, Jeffrey Lacker's words, with respect to runs on our financial institutions</ARG0>, and at the same time avoid interfering with the type of market discipline that Mr. Greenspan believes is so critical to the health of our capital markets.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,195,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_195_1,"And so I would ask you both if it is possible to establish a regulatory model that can provide a sense of security to prevent self-fulfilling prophesies, to use, you know, Jeffrey Lacker's words, with respect to runs on our financial institutions, and at the same time avoid interfering with the type of market discipline that Mr. Greenspan believes is so critical to the health of our capital markets.","And so I would ask you both if it is possible to establish a regulatory model <ARG0>that</ARG0> can provide a sense of security to prevent self-fulfilling prophesies, to use, you know, Jeffrey Lacker's words, with respect to runs on our financial institutions, and at the same time avoid <ARG1>interfering with the type of market discipline that Mr. Greenspan believes is so critical to the health of our capital markets</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,195,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_195_2,"And so I would ask you both if it is possible to establish a regulatory model that can provide a sense of security to prevent self-fulfilling prophesies, to use, you know, Jeffrey Lacker's words, with respect to runs on our financial institutions, and at the same time avoid interfering with the type of market discipline that Mr. Greenspan believes is so critical to the health of our capital markets.","And so I would ask you both if it is possible to establish a regulatory model that can provide a sense of security to prevent self-fulfilling prophesies, to use, you know, Jeffrey Lacker's words, with respect to runs on our financial institutions, and at the same time avoid interfering with the type of market discipline <ARG0>that</ARG0> Mr. Greenspan believes is so critical to <ARG1>the health of our capital markets</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,195,3,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_195_3,"And so I would ask you both if it is possible to establish a regulatory model that can provide a sense of security to prevent self-fulfilling prophesies, to use, you know, Jeffrey Lacker's words, with respect to runs on our financial institutions, and at the same time avoid interfering with the type of market discipline that Mr. Greenspan believes is so critical to the health of our capital markets.","And so I would ask you both if it is possible to establish a regulatory model <ARG0>that</ARG0> can provide a sense of security to prevent <ARG1>self-fulfilling prophesies</ARG1>, to use, you know, Jeffrey Lacker's words, with respect to runs on our financial institutions, and at the same time avoid interfering with the type of market discipline that Mr. Greenspan believes is so critical to the health of our capital markets.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,204,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_204_0,But our system will never be what it should be unless we can get to the point where market discipline plays its necessary role.,But <ARG1>our system will never be what it should be</ARG1> unless <ARG0>we can get to the point where market discipline plays its necessary role</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,205,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_205_0,"And in order to get there, I want to emphasize what Ben Bernanke said.","And in order to <ARG0>get there</ARG0>, <ARG1>I want to emphasize what Ben Bernanke said</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,206,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_206_0,"We need to do some things to strengthen the infrastructure we have, the over-the-counter derivative market, the tri-party repossession market, and that which is secured financing between institutions, and we need to do that so that the appearance and the reality that institutions are too interconnected to fail no longer exists, and we are going to need broader emergency authorities for the resolution or wind-down of complex financial institutions that don't have Federal deposit insurance.","We need to <ARG1>do some things</ARG1> to <ARG0>strengthen the infrastructure we have, the over-the-counter derivative market, the tri-party repossession market, and that which is secured financing between institutions</ARG0>, and we need to do that so that the appearance and the reality that institutions are too interconnected to fail no longer exists, and we are going to need broader emergency authorities for the resolution or wind-down of complex financial institutions that don't have Federal deposit insurance.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,206,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_206_1,"We need to do some things to strengthen the infrastructure we have, the over-the-counter derivative market, the tri-party repossession market, and that which is secured financing between institutions, and we need to do that so that the appearance and the reality that institutions are too interconnected to fail no longer exists, and we are going to need broader emergency authorities for the resolution or wind-down of complex financial institutions that don't have Federal deposit insurance.","We need to do some things to strengthen the infrastructure we have, the over-the-counter derivative market, the tri-party repossession market, and that which is secured financing between institutions, and we need to do that so that the appearance and the reality that institutions are <ARG0>too interconnected</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1> no longer exists, and we are going to need broader emergency authorities for the resolution or wind-down of complex financial institutions that don't have Federal deposit insurance.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,206,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_206_2,"We need to do some things to strengthen the infrastructure we have, the over-the-counter derivative market, the tri-party repossession market, and that which is secured financing between institutions, and we need to do that so that the appearance and the reality that institutions are too interconnected to fail no longer exists, and we are going to need broader emergency authorities for the resolution or wind-down of complex financial institutions that don't have Federal deposit insurance.","We need to do some things to strengthen the infrastructure we have, the over-the-counter derivative market, the tri-party repossession market, and that which is secured financing between institutions, and we need to <ARG1>do that</ARG1> so that <ARG0>the appearance and the reality that institutions are too interconnected to fail no longer exists</ARG0>, and we are going to need broader emergency authorities for the resolution or wind-down of complex financial institutions that don't have Federal deposit insurance.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,214,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_214_0,"Avoiding the moral hazard, having strong market discipline makes the system work better, and an example would be the counterparty discipline between the banks, investment banks, and the hedge funds, has protected the banks and the banks and the investment banks from any losses from hedge funds.","<ARG0>Avoiding the moral hazard, having strong market discipline</ARG0> makes <ARG1>the system work better</ARG1>, and an example would be the counterparty discipline between the banks, investment banks, and the hedge funds, has protected the banks and the banks and the investment banks from any losses from hedge funds.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,215,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_215_0,"There have been no material losses to banks or investment banks because of failing hedge funds, and because the banks have been doing due diligence, and that's what we want to see.","There have been no <ARG1>material losses to banks or investment banks</ARG1> because of <ARG0>failing hedge funds</ARG0>, and because the banks have been doing due diligence, and that's what we want to see.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,215,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_215_1,"There have been no material losses to banks or investment banks because of failing hedge funds, and because the banks have been doing due diligence, and that's what we want to see.","<ARG1>There have been no material losses to banks or investment banks because of failing hedge funds</ARG1>, and because <ARG0>the banks have been doing due diligence</ARG0>, and that's what we want to see.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,216,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_216_0,"Now in my view, our action to address the Bear Stearns situation was necessary, given the financial conditions at the time, but it's absolutely correct, as President Lacker has pointed out, it does raise moral hazard concerns going forward, and then the question is how do you address those.","Now in my view, <ARG1>our action to address the Bear Stearns situation was necessary</ARG1>, given <ARG0>the financial conditions at the time</ARG0>, but it's absolutely correct, as President Lacker has pointed out, it does raise moral hazard concerns going forward, and then the question is how do you address those.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,218,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_218_0,"The first is supervisory oversight of those institutions to make sure that they are in fact doing what they need to do to be safe and sound, are not taking advantage of the implicit backstop.","The first is <ARG1>supervisory oversight of those institutions</ARG1> to <ARG0>make sure that they are in fact doing what they need to do to be safe and sound, are not taking advantage of the implicit backstop</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,218,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_218_1,"The first is supervisory oversight of those institutions to make sure that they are in fact doing what they need to do to be safe and sound, are not taking advantage of the implicit backstop.","The first is supervisory oversight of those institutions to make sure that they are in fact doing what they need to <ARG0>do</ARG0> to <ARG1>be safe and sound</ARG1>, are not taking advantage of the implicit backstop.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,221,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_221_0,"Second, as Secretary Paulson mentioned, if we can strengthen our infrastructure sufficiently so that it could absorb the failure of a large firm--we felt it wasn't able to do so in March.","Second, as Secretary Paulson mentioned, if <ARG1>we can strengthen our infrastructure sufficiently</ARG1> so that <ARG0>it could absorb the failure of a large firm</ARG0>--we felt it wasn't able to do so in March.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,222,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_222_0,"But if it were clearer that the system could withstand the failure of a firm of Bear Stearns' size, then we would be much more comfortable letting it happen, because we would think the system would be preserved.","But if <ARG0>it were clearer that the system could withstand the failure of a firm of Bear Stearns' size</ARG0>, then <ARG1>we would be much more comfortable letting it happen, because we would think the system would be preserved</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,222,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_222_1,"But if it were clearer that the system could withstand the failure of a firm of Bear Stearns' size, then we would be much more comfortable letting it happen, because we would think the system would be preserved.","But if it were clearer that the system could withstand the failure of a firm of Bear Stearns' size, then <ARG1>we would be much more comfortable letting it happen</ARG1>, because <ARG0>we would think the system would be preserved</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,223,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_223_0,"And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures that would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time it would avoid moral hazard because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process.","And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures <ARG0>that</ARG0> would allow <ARG1>us</ARG1> to <ARG1>intervene in an early stage</ARG1> perhaps and to try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time it would avoid moral hazard because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,223,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_223_1,"And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures that would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time it would avoid moral hazard because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process.","And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures <ARG0>that</ARG0> would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to <ARG1>try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time it would avoid moral hazard because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,223,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_223_2,"And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures that would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time it would avoid moral hazard because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process.","And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures that would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time <ARG0>it</ARG0> would avoid <ARG1>moral hazard</ARG1> because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,223,3,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_223_3,"And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures that would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time it would avoid moral hazard because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process.","And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures that would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to try to create an orderly process <ARG0>that</ARG0> doesn't create <ARG1>the market externalities</ARG1> at the same time it would avoid moral hazard because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,233,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_233_0,"It's clear from recent events that many expected synergies of financial service activities, whatever benefits that they gave during times of economic prosperity, gave rise to conflicts and excessive risk taking.","It's clear from recent events that <ARG0>many expected synergies of financial service activities, whatever benefits that they gave during times of economic prosperity</ARG0>, gave rise to <ARG1>conflicts and excessive risk taking</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,234,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_234_0,It appears that many firms are in so many lines of businesses that conflicts and excessive risk arise.,It appears that many firms are in <ARG0>so many lines of businesses</ARG0> that <ARG1>conflicts and excessive risk arise</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,236,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_236_0,"For example, some have said Bear Stearns' trading operation may have caused risk to its clearing operations.","For example, some have said <ARG0>Bear Stearns' trading operation</ARG0> may have caused <ARG1>risk to its clearing operations</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,249,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_249_0,"I believe that the biggest problems we are dealing with is not the diversification of these organizations but it is the amount of risk that was taken on, and the amount of leverage, much greater than was understood, because a lot of it was taken on through complex products that were difficult to understand.","I believe that the biggest problems we are dealing with is not the diversification of these organizations but it is the amount of risk that was taken on, and the amount of leverage, <ARG1>much greater than was understood</ARG1>, because <ARG0>a lot of it was taken on through complex products that were difficult to understand</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,250,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_250_0,And that's why it's taking so long to work through this.,And <ARG0>that</ARG0>'s why <ARG1>it's taking so long to work through this</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,264,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_264_0,And we are also trying to do a better job of our consolidated supervision whereby we focus not just on the holding company but we make sure that we interact more intensively with the functional regulators of the subsidiaries or the affiliates.,And we are also trying to do a better job of our consolidated supervision whereby we focus not just on the holding company but <ARG0>we</ARG0> make sure that <ARG1>we interact more intensively with the functional regulators of the subsidiaries or the affiliates</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,271,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_271_0,"I'm delighted the two of you are here today because I might just get to the bottom of the question I have been asking for many years, which is, who is in charge of the dollar?","<ARG1>I'm delighted the two of you are here today</ARG1> because <ARG0>I might just get to the bottom of the question I have been asking for many years, which is, who is in charge of the dollar</ARG0>?",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,273,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_273_0,"I do want to acknowledge the gentleman from New Jersey, Mr. Garrett, for playing a part in bringing these hearings about, and also Chairman Frank for having these hearings because I deeply appreciate it.","I do want to <ARG1>acknowledge the gentleman from New Jersey, Mr. Garrett</ARG1>, for <ARG0>playing a part in bringing these hearings about</ARG0>, and also Chairman Frank for having these hearings because I deeply appreciate it.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,273,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_273_1,"I do want to acknowledge the gentleman from New Jersey, Mr. Garrett, for playing a part in bringing these hearings about, and also Chairman Frank for having these hearings because I deeply appreciate it.","I do want to <ARG1>acknowledge</ARG1> the gentleman from New Jersey, Mr. Garrett, for playing a part in bringing these hearings about, and <ARG1>also Chairman Frank</ARG1> for <ARG0>having these hearings</ARG0> because I deeply appreciate it.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,273,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_273_2,"I do want to acknowledge the gentleman from New Jersey, Mr. Garrett, for playing a part in bringing these hearings about, and also Chairman Frank for having these hearings because I deeply appreciate it.","<ARG1>I do want to acknowledge the gentleman from New Jersey, Mr. Garrett, for playing a part in bringing these hearings about, and also Chairman Frank for having these hearings</ARG1> because <ARG0>I deeply appreciate it</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,274,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_274_0,"But I would like to take a minute to just challenge something he said during his questioning, because he made the flat statement that there was no alternative to the Federal Reserve system.","But <ARG1>I would like to take a minute to just challenge something he said during his questioning</ARG1>, because <ARG0>he made the flat statement that there was no alternative to the Federal Reserve system</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,282,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_282_0,"I would like to see a lot more regulations on the government and on the Federal Reserve, because I think it's the ability of the government, through regulatory agencies as well as the Federal Reserve, to disrupt markets and destroy market discipline.","<ARG1>I would like to see a lot more regulations on the government and on the Federal Reserve</ARG1>, because <ARG0>I think it's the ability of the government, through regulatory agencies as well as the Federal Reserve, to disrupt markets and destroy market discipline</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,284,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_284_0,"When Enron failed, we immediately said, well, it must have happened because we didn't have enough regulation, so Congress immediately responded by passing Sarbanes-Oxley.","When Enron failed, we immediately said, well, <ARG1>it must have happened</ARG1> because <ARG0>we didn't have enough regulation</ARG0>, so Congress immediately responded by passing Sarbanes-Oxley.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,284,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_284_1,"When Enron failed, we immediately said, well, it must have happened because we didn't have enough regulation, so Congress immediately responded by passing Sarbanes-Oxley.","When Enron failed, <ARG0>we immediately said, well, it must have happened because we didn't have enough regulation</ARG0>, so <ARG1>Congress immediately responded by passing Sarbanes-Oxley</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,290,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_290_0,And of course I maintain that they're in disarray because our monetary policy disrupts the markets because we create interest rates below market rates.,And of course I maintain that they're in disarray because <ARG1>our monetary policy disrupts the markets</ARG1> because <ARG0>we create interest rates below market rates</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,290,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_290_1,And of course I maintain that they're in disarray because our monetary policy disrupts the markets because we create interest rates below market rates.,And of course I maintain that <ARG1>they're in disarray</ARG1> because <ARG0>our monetary policy disrupts the markets because we create interest rates below market rates</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,294,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_294_0,"And we wonder why there are disruptions when you have artificially low interest rates, you cause the malinvestment, you cause excessive debt to accumulate, and you cause the bubbles to burst.","And we wonder why there are disruptions when you have artificially low interest rates, you cause the malinvestment, <ARG0>you</ARG0> cause <ARG1>excessive debt</ARG1> to <ARG1>accumulate</ARG1>, and you cause the bubbles to burst.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,294,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_294_1,"And we wonder why there are disruptions when you have artificially low interest rates, you cause the malinvestment, you cause excessive debt to accumulate, and you cause the bubbles to burst.","And we wonder why there are disruptions when you have artificially low interest rates, you cause the malinvestment, you cause excessive debt to accumulate, and <ARG0>you</ARG0> cause <ARG1>the bubbles</ARG1> to <ARG1>burst</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,308,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_308_0,"So my question is directed to Secretary Paulson dealing with the dollar, because evidently he is the spokesman and he is the champion of the dollar, and all public statements are that the dollar is to be strong.","So <ARG1>my question is directed to Secretary Paulson dealing with the dollar</ARG1>, because <ARG0>evidently he is the spokesman and he is the champion of the dollar, and all public statements are that the dollar is to be strong</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,294,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_294_2,"And we wonder why there are disruptions when you have artificially low interest rates, you cause the malinvestment, you cause excessive debt to accumulate, and you cause the bubbles to burst.","And we wonder why there are disruptions when you have artificially low interest rates, <ARG0>you</ARG0> cause <ARG1>the malinvestment</ARG1>, you cause excessive debt to accumulate, and you cause the bubbles to burst.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,43,3,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_43_3,And is there perhaps a need for extraordinary emergency legislation to empower either the Federal Reserve or Treasury to take certain actions to prevent systemic risk if over the next 9-month period the Congress is not able to act and you discern that the powers you have are not adequate to meet the challenges?,And is there perhaps a need for extraordinary emergency legislation to empower either the Federal Reserve or Treasury to take certain actions to prevent systemic risk if over the next 9-month period the Congress is not able to act and you discern that <ARG0>the powers you have</ARG0> are not adequate to <ARG1>meet the challenges</ARG1>?,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,84,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_84_0,"Is there anything--and you probably have identified this in your testimony, but I must admit it's complicated enough for me to have trouble following.","Is there anything--and you probably have identified this in your testimony, but I must admit it's <ARG0>complicated enough</ARG0> for <ARG1>me</ARG1> to <ARG1>have trouble following</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,95,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_95_0,"It's just our sense, and of course you're in a better place than we are to make the judgment, that the more complex issues like resolution or even financial regulatory restructuring are simply not likely to happen in a short term, and we need to take the time to make sure it's done right and thoroughly worked through.","It's just our sense, and of course you're in a better place than we are to make the judgment, that the more complex issues like resolution or even financial regulatory restructuring are simply not likely to happen in a short term, and <ARG0>we</ARG0> need to take the time to make sure <ARG1>it's done right and thoroughly worked through</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,117,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_117_0,"And as I look at what can be done in terms of the timing the one thing we are not talking about a lot here, but I do believe we don't want to forget, is the fact that a lot of this problem came about as a result of sloppy and lax mortgage origination procedures.","And as I look at what can be done in terms of the timing the one thing we are not talking about a lot here, but I do believe we don't want to forget, is the fact that <ARG1>a lot of this problem came about</ARG1> as a result of <ARG0>sloppy and lax mortgage origination procedures</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,12,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_12_0,"Secretary Paulson:  I agree very much with what Chairman Bernanke has said, and I would just simply say that even if the structure isn't optimal and all of the authorities aren't optimal, regulators are working together seamlessly to address some of the issues that have arisen, and I think progress has been made.","Secretary Paulson:  I agree very much with what Chairman Bernanke has said, and I would just simply say that even if the structure isn't optimal and all of the authorities aren't optimal, <ARG1>regulators are working together seamlessly</ARG1> to <ARG0>address some of the issues that have arisen</ARG0>, and I think progress has been made.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,38,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_38_0,"Secretary Paulson, Chairman Bernanke, listening to your response to the chairman about timing, since last August of course all of us have examined and watched market failure occurring in various and sundry areas growing from subprime failure in August to what we call now a credit crisis.","Secretary Paulson, Chairman Bernanke, listening to your response to the chairman about timing, since <ARG0>last August</ARG0> of course <ARG1>all of us have examined and watched market failure occurring in various and sundry areas growing from subprime failure in August to what we call now a credit crisis</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,47,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_47_0,"We are dealing in a financial market that has evolved greatly since the time that many of our rules were put in place, that many of the--that the regulatory structure was set.","We are dealing in a financial market <ARG1>that has evolved greatly</ARG1> since <ARG0>the time that many of our rules were put in place, that many of the--that the regulatory structure was set</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,50,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_50_0,"But I will again say to you, even though this is a difficult period we are going through, and we both said that it's going to take some time to get through it, there will be some more bumps on the road, I really want to emphasize that you have seen the Federal Reserve, by opening up the discount window to the investment banks, through the Bear Stearns actions, to make a very strong statement about the importance of the stability of our financial system.","But I will again say to you, even though this is a difficult period we are going through, and we both said that it's going to take <ARG0>some time</ARG0> to <ARG1>get through it</ARG1>, there will be some more bumps on the road, I really want to emphasize that you have seen the Federal Reserve, by opening up the discount window to the investment banks, through the Bear Stearns actions, to make a very strong statement about the importance of the stability of our financial system.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,51,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_51_0,"And I have seen those investment banks working with the Fed and the SEC to strengthen their liquidity, strengthen their capital positions, and re-price risk.","And I have seen <ARG1>those investment banks working with the Fed and the SEC</ARG1> to <ARG0>strengthen their liquidity, strengthen their capital positions, and re-price risk</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,66,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_66_0,"Secretary Paulson:  Well, let me mention the student loans, because here is a case where I think you have seen our department work creatively with the Department of Education to deal with a problem that's here and now, and so we have a program in place which I think is going to be acceptable to most fellow lenders.","Secretary Paulson:  Well, let me mention the student loans, because here is a case where I think you have seen <ARG1>our department work creatively with the Department of Education</ARG1> to <ARG0>deal with a problem that's here and now</ARG0>, and so we have a program in place which I think is going to be acceptable to most fellow lenders.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,78,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_78_0,"When you're in Congress, you sort of think in terms of the next election or whatever it may be.","When <ARG0>you're in Congress</ARG0>, <ARG1>you sort of think in terms of the next election or whatever it may be</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,233,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_233_1,"It's clear from recent events that many expected synergies of financial service activities, whatever benefits that they gave during times of economic prosperity, gave rise to conflicts and excessive risk taking.","It's clear from recent events that many expected synergies of financial service activities, whatever benefits <ARG1>that they gave</ARG1> during <ARG0>times of economic prosperity</ARG0>, gave rise to conflicts and excessive risk taking.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,223,4,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_223_4,"And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures that would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time it would avoid moral hazard because the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process.","And finally, I think that, as has happened in the commercial banking world, we do have stronger resolution procedures that would allow us to intervene in an early stage perhaps and to try to create an orderly process that doesn't create the market externalities at the same time <ARG1>it would avoid moral hazard</ARG1> because <ARG0>the equity holders, the management and subordinate debt holders would all be subjected to losses in that process</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,255,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_255_0,"Mrs. Maloney:  Absolutely, if time permits.","Mrs. Maloney:  <ARG1>Absolutely</ARG1>, if <ARG0>time permits</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,257,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_257_0,"The Chairman:  Well, the rule is that no member can ask questions after their 5 minutes is up, but if there is a question pending, we will take it.","The Chairman:  Well, the rule is that <ARG1>no member can ask questions</ARG1> after <ARG0>their 5 minutes is up</ARG0>, but if there is a question pending, we will take it.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,257,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_257_1,"The Chairman:  Well, the rule is that no member can ask questions after their 5 minutes is up, but if there is a question pending, we will take it.","The Chairman:  Well, the rule is that no member can ask questions after their 5 minutes is up, but if <ARG0>there is a question pending</ARG0>, <ARG1>we will take it</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,259,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_259_0,"I think Gramm-Leach-Bliley has some definite positives in terms of diversification, complementary services and the like has created very, very big firms.","I think Gramm-Leach-Bliley has some definite positives in terms of <ARG0>diversification, complementary services and the like</ARG0> has created <ARG1>very, very big firms</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,294,3,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_294_3,"And we wonder why there are disruptions when you have artificially low interest rates, you cause the malinvestment, you cause excessive debt to accumulate, and you cause the bubbles to burst.","And <ARG1>we wonder why there are disruptions</ARG1> when <ARG0>you have artificially low interest rates, you cause the malinvestment, you cause excessive debt to accumulate, and you cause the bubbles to burst</ARG0>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,295,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_295_0,"And then when they burst, the only thing we can come back for is more regulations and more inflation, we need lower interest rates, we need to print more money.","And then when <ARG0>they burst</ARG0>, <ARG1>the only thing we can come back for is more regulations and more inflation, we need lower interest rates, we need to print more money</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,296,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_296_0,"But it is back to this basic fundamental problem that we think that we can compensate for lack of savings by creating money out of thin air, and it doesn't work.","But it is back to this basic fundamental problem that we think that <ARG0>we</ARG0> can compensate for lack of savings by creating <ARG1>money</ARG1> out of thin air, and it doesn't work.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,310,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_310_0,"In the last 3 years, we have created $4 trillion of new dollars.","In the last 3 years, <ARG0>we</ARG0> have created <ARG1>$4 trillion of new dollars</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,311,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_311_0,"But when we go to China, we tell the Chinese we want a weak dollar.","But when <ARG0>we go to China</ARG0>, <ARG1>we tell the Chinese we want a weak dollar</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,312,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_312_0,I would like to see if I can get the Secretary of the Treasury to explain this to me.,I would like to see if <ARG0>I</ARG0> can get <ARG1>the Secretary of the Treasury</ARG1> to <ARG1>explain this to me</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,110,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_110_0,"In terms of--when we started thinking about regulatory structure, we began the thinking before this period of market turmoil, well before this.","In terms of--when <ARG0>we started thinking about regulatory structure</ARG0>, <ARG1>we began the thinking before this period of market turmoil, well before this</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,111,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_111_0,"And we started off saying, if we were beginning from scratch, which we obviously aren't, how would you design a system?","And we started off saying, if <ARG0>we were beginning from scratch, which we obviously aren't</ARG0>, <ARG1>how would you design a system</ARG1>?",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,110,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_110_1,"In terms of--when we started thinking about regulatory structure, we began the thinking before this period of market turmoil, well before this.","In terms of--when we started thinking about regulatory structure, <ARG1>we began the thinking</ARG1> before <ARG0>this period of market turmoil</ARG0>, well before this.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,110,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_110_2,"In terms of--when we started thinking about regulatory structure, we began the thinking before this period of market turmoil, well before this.","In terms of--when we started thinking about regulatory structure, <ARG1>we began the thinking</ARG1> before this period of market turmoil, well before <ARG0>this</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,113,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_113_0,"And to me, to get to there, as the Chairman said, would take a good while.","And to me, to <ARG1>get to there</ARG1>, as the Chairman said, would take <ARG0>a good while</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,120,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_120_1,"And then the things we have talked about here that can be done quickly are the resolution authorities for complex financial institutions that aren't federally insured, giving the Federal Reserve authority and responsibility over the payment systems, which can be done very quickly; moving to have the Fed while retaining their responsibilities as a consolidated regulator, to give them the authorities they need to do the macro stability job, can be done.","And then the things we have talked about here that can be done quickly are the resolution authorities for complex financial institutions that aren't federally insured, giving the Federal Reserve authority and responsibility over the payment systems, which can be done very quickly; moving to <ARG1>have the Fed</ARG1> while <ARG0>retaining their responsibilities as a consolidated regulator</ARG0>, to give them the authorities they need to do the macro stability job, can be done.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,130,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_130_0,I'm stunned when I hear about these exotic products and how they could ever have come into being without any oversight.,<ARG1>I'm stunned</ARG1> when <ARG0>I hear about these exotic products and how they could ever have come into being without any oversight</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,132,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_132_0,"I came on this committee right after the S&L scandal, and I heard a lot about reform.","<ARG1>I came on this committee</ARG1> right after <ARG0>the S&L scandal</ARG0>, and I heard a lot about reform.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,140,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_140_2,"And I want to know if you have anything in your plans to deal with them, because after we get finished with all of the President's HOPE NOW program and the money that we are giving to NeighborWorks and other organizations to do counseling, they can't do very much good, because the servicers are the ones who make the decisions.","And I want to know if you have anything in your plans to deal with them, because after <ARG0>we get finished with all of the President's HOPE NOW program and the money that we are giving to NeighborWorks and other organizations to do counseling</ARG0>, <ARG1>they can't do very much good, because the servicers are the ones who make the decisions</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,179,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_179_1,"And in a sense, when there's a principal writedown or other loan modification that is essentially what is happening, that you're giving a break to the borrower so the borrower can stay in the home, and I think that's a good thing to do.","And in a sense, when <ARG0>there's a principal writedown or other loan modification</ARG0> <ARG1>that is essentially what is happening, that you're giving a break to the borrower so the borrower can stay in the home</ARG1>, and I think that's a good thing to do.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,192,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_192_0,"And more recently, Jeffrey Lacker, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, and he said--he got into details about the need for regulators to distinguish between fundamental and nonfundamental runs on financial institutions when considering intervention by the regulators.","And more recently, Jeffrey Lacker, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, and he said--he got into details about the need for regulators to <ARG1>distinguish between fundamental and nonfundamental runs on financial institutions</ARG1> when <ARG0>considering intervention by the regulators</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,219,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_219_0,"So since we have gone into the investment banks, they have all raised their liquidity, not reduced it.","So since <ARG0>we have gone into the investment banks</ARG0>, <ARG1>they have all raised their liquidity, not reduced it</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,226,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_226_0,"Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask for unanimous consent to submit for the record Secretary Paulson's speech in London on July 2nd on market discipline.","Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask for unanimous consent to <ARG1>submit</ARG1> for <ARG0>the record</ARG0> <ARG1>Secretary Paulson's speech in London on July 2nd on market discipline</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,290,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_290_2,And of course I maintain that they're in disarray because our monetary policy disrupts the markets because we create interest rates below market rates.,And of course I maintain that they're in disarray because our monetary policy disrupts the markets because <ARG0>we</ARG0> create <ARG1>interest rates below market rates</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,16,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_16_0,"But short term, I do worry about new capital requirements and liquidity standards as sort of precipitating and sort of a tension between that and the need for these institutions to raise more capital.","But short term, I do worry about <ARG0>new capital requirements and liquidity standards</ARG0> as sort of precipitating <ARG1>and sort of a tension between that and the need for these institutions to raise more capital</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,60,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_60_0,"We have been doing that from before the turmoil started, from the day I set foot in Washington.","<ARG1>We have been doing that</ARG1> from <ARG0>before the turmoil started</ARG0>, from the day I set foot in Washington.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,60,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_60_1,"We have been doing that from before the turmoil started, from the day I set foot in Washington.","<ARG1>We have been doing that</ARG1> from before the turmoil started, from <ARG0>the day I set foot in Washington</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,65,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_65_0,"I am just urging, either you recognize that now, and if you need emergency powers on some of these things you mentioned to us before we get to catastrophe.","I am just urging, either you recognize that now, and if <ARG0>you need emergency powers on some of these things you mentioned to us</ARG0> before <ARG1>we get to catastrophe</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,71,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_71_0,"We have a program that's going to get us through this period, and we are working to do things to help that securitization market become more vital.","We have a program that's going to get us through this period, and we are working to <ARG1>do things</ARG1> to <ARG0>help that securitization market become more vital</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,80,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_80_0,"We have September, and then we have the election season coming up.","<ARG0>We have September</ARG0>, and then <ARG1>we have the election season coming up</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,91,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_91_1,"But this is going to take some time, so begin work urgently on that.","But <ARG1>this</ARG1> is going to take <ARG0>some time</ARG0>, so begin work urgently on that.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,95,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_95_1,"It's just our sense, and of course you're in a better place than we are to make the judgment, that the more complex issues like resolution or even financial regulatory restructuring are simply not likely to happen in a short term, and we need to take the time to make sure it's done right and thoroughly worked through.","It's just our sense, and of course you're in a better place than we are to make the judgment, that the more complex issues like resolution or even financial regulatory restructuring are simply not likely to happen in a short term, and we need to take <ARG0>the time</ARG0> to <ARG1>make sure it's done right and thoroughly worked through</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,107,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_107_0,"Is this something you would expect to happen next year, or would it take 3 to 5 years to do this?","Is this something you would expect to happen next year, or would it take <ARG0>3 to 5 years</ARG0> to <ARG1>do this</ARG1>?",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,116,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_116_0,"So we started with that vision, and then we came up with some immediate priorities and some other things that could be done in the intermediate term.","So <ARG0>we started with that vision</ARG0>, and then <ARG1>we came up with some immediate priorities and some other things that could be done in the intermediate term</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,117,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_117_1,"And as I look at what can be done in terms of the timing the one thing we are not talking about a lot here, but I do believe we don't want to forget, is the fact that a lot of this problem came about as a result of sloppy and lax mortgage origination procedures.","And as <ARG0>I look at what can be done in terms of the timing</ARG0> <ARG1>the one thing we are not talking about a lot here, but I do believe we don't want to forget, is the fact that a lot of this problem came about as a result of sloppy and lax mortgage origination procedures</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,172,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_172_0,"Admittedly, it would be better if it had been earlier, but we have responded and you'll soon see the proposal or the rules that we are going to be issuing with respect to consumer protection.","Admittedly, <ARG1>it would be better</ARG1> if <ARG0>it had been earlier</ARG0>, but we have responded and you'll soon see the proposal or the rules that we are going to be issuing with respect to consumer protection.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,222,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_222_2,"But if it were clearer that the system could withstand the failure of a firm of Bear Stearns' size, then we would be much more comfortable letting it happen, because we would think the system would be preserved.","But if it were clearer that the system could withstand the failure of a firm of Bear Stearns' size, then <ARG0>we</ARG0> would be much more comfortable letting <ARG1>it happen</ARG1>, because we would think the system would be preserved.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,230,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_230_0,"I also want to welcome Chairman Bernanke, who has brought the Fed to fully realize its role, not only managing monetary policy and guarding the safety and soundness of our financial institutions, but also focusing on curbing unfair and deceptive practices that have hurt working Americans and our overall economy.","I also want to welcome Chairman Bernanke, <ARG0>who</ARG0> has brought <ARG1>the Fed</ARG1> to <ARG1>fully realize its role, not only managing monetary policy and guarding the safety and soundness of our financial institutions, but also focusing on curbing unfair and deceptive practices that have hurt working Americans and our overall economy</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,237,0,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_237_0,"And in view of these recent events and challenges, some have said that the repeal and deregulation of Glass-Steagal may have gone too far.","And in view of <ARG0>these recent events and challenges</ARG0>, <ARG1>some have said that the repeal and deregulation of Glass-Steagal may have gone too far</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,250,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_250_1,And that's why it's taking so long to work through this.,And that's why it's taking <ARG0>so long</ARG0> to <ARG1>work through this</ARG1>.,1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,274,1,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_274_1,"But I would like to take a minute to just challenge something he said during his questioning, because he made the flat statement that there was no alternative to the Federal Reserve system.","But I would like to take a minute to just challenge something <ARG1>he said</ARG1> during <ARG0>his questioning</ARG0>, because he made the flat statement that there was no alternative to the Federal Reserve system.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann,284,2,because_CHRG-110hhrg44900-2.ann_284_2,"When Enron failed, we immediately said, well, it must have happened because we didn't have enough regulation, so Congress immediately responded by passing Sarbanes-Oxley.","When <ARG0>Enron failed</ARG0>, <ARG1>we immediately said, well, it must have happened because we didn't have enough regulation, so Congress immediately responded by passing Sarbanes-Oxley</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,6,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_6_0,"And second, we should address the issue that has arisen, in particular over the past few years, of U.S. Government backing for very large financial enterprises that have basically an unlimited ability to take risk around the world.","And second, we should address the issue <ARG1>that has arisen</ARG1>, in particular over <ARG0>the past few years</ARG0>, of U.S. Government backing for very large financial enterprises that have basically an unlimited ability to take risk around the world.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,13,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_13_0,"Because these banks are too big to fail, they have lower funding costs, they are able to attract more capital, they make more money over the cycle, and they continue to get larger.","Because <ARG0>these banks are too big to fail</ARG0>, <ARG1>they have lower funding costs, they are able to attract more capital, they make more money over the cycle, and they continue to get larger</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,13,1,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_13_1,"Because these banks are too big to fail, they have lower funding costs, they are able to attract more capital, they make more money over the cycle, and they continue to get larger.","Because these banks are too big to fail, they have lower funding costs, they are able to attract more capital, <ARG1>they make more money</ARG1> over <ARG0>the cycle</ARG0>, and they continue to get larger.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,13,2,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_13_2,"Because these banks are too big to fail, they have lower funding costs, they are able to attract more capital, they make more money over the cycle, and they continue to get larger.","Because these banks are <ARG0>too big</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>, they have lower funding costs, they are able to attract more capital, they make more money over the cycle, and they continue to get larger.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,15,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_15_0,"If you look at the European situation today, for example, it is much worse than what we have in this country with regard to the size of the largest banks.","If <ARG0>you look at the European situation today</ARG0>, for example, <ARG1>it is much worse than what we have in this country with regard to the size of the largest banks</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,18,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_18_0,"If we allow our biggest banks to continue to build on these unfair market advantages and the lower funding costs, we will head in the same direction.","If <ARG0>we allow our biggest banks to continue to build on these unfair market advantages and the lower funding costs</ARG0>, <ARG1>we will head in the same direction</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,19,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_19_0,"I think I would suggest to you that you consider imposing a size cap on banks relative not to total normal assets or liabilities, which is the Volcker proposal, because that is not bubble-proof.","<ARG1>I think I would suggest to you that you consider imposing a size cap on banks relative not to total normal assets or liabilities, which is the Volcker proposal</ARG1>, because <ARG0>that is not bubble-proof</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,20,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_20_0,"If you have a massive increase in house prices, real estate prices, such as happened in Japan in the 1980s, you will have a big increase in the normal size of bank balance sheets.","If <ARG0>you have a massive increase in house prices, real estate prices, such as happened in Japan in the 1980s</ARG0>, <ARG1>you will have a big increase in the normal size of bank balance sheets</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,21,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_21_0,"And when the bubble bursts, you are going to have a big problem.","And when <ARG0>the bubble bursts</ARG0>, <ARG1>you are going to have a big problem</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,25,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_25_0,"Now, if you were to impose a size cap of, say, 3 or 5 percent of GDP, no bank can be larger than that size, that would return our biggest banks roughly to the position that they had in the early 1990s.","Now, if <ARG0>you were to impose a size cap of, say, 3 or 5 percent of GDP, no bank can be larger than that size</ARG0>, <ARG1>that would return our biggest banks roughly to the position that they had in the early 1990s</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,29,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_29_0,"But since the early 1990s, we have developed a lot more system risk focused on the existence of these very big banks.","But since <ARG0>the early 1990s</ARG0>, <ARG1>we have developed a lot more system risk focused on the existence of these very big banks</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,30,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_30_0,"So, as Mr. Corrigan said, the essence of this crisis was lending, but it was lending that at the heart of it was based on the idea you could make nonrecourse loans to people who can walk away from their homes when the house value falls, leaving the bank with huge losses.","So, as Mr. Corrigan said, the essence of this crisis was lending, but it was lending that at the heart of it was based on the idea you could make nonrecourse loans to people <ARG1>who can walk away from their homes</ARG1> when <ARG0>the house value falls</ARG0>, leaving the bank with huge losses.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,33,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_33_0,"Well, I think it was very much about the size of these banks and very much about the support they expected to receive when they are under duress.","Well, I think it was very much about the size of these banks and very much about <ARG1>the support they expected to receive</ARG1> when <ARG0>they are under duress</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,37,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_37_0,"I think the degree of unfair market competition, the degree to which the community banks are disadvantaged by the current situation, because they have to pay a lot more money--they pay higher interest for funds, their cost of capital is higher--this is unfair.","I think the degree of unfair market competition, the degree to which <ARG1>the community banks are disadvantaged by the current situation</ARG1>, because <ARG0>they have to pay a lot more money--they pay higher interest for funds, their cost of capital is higher</ARG0>--this is unfair.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,38,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_38_0,This dynamic will continue unless you put an effective cap on it.,<ARG1>This dynamic will continue</ARG1> unless <ARG0>you put an effective cap on it</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,48,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_48_0,"I had never anticipated as a retired citizen that I would find myself here, but I really am here to voice support for Mr. Volcker's suggestion, the Volcker Rule.","I had never anticipated as a retired citizen that I would find myself here, but <ARG1>I really am here</ARG1> to <ARG0>voice support for Mr. Volcker's suggestion, the Volcker Rule</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,52,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_52_0,"But I do say it from the point of view that if we were take a blank piece of paper and we were to say to ourselves, how can we design a financial system that would both serve the public and also be relatively safe and relatively unlikely to have a repeat of what we had, you would start out certainly with capital, which needs to be augmented.","But I do say it from the point of view that if <ARG0>we were take a blank piece of paper and we were to say to ourselves, how can we design a financial system that would both serve the public and also be relatively safe and relatively unlikely to have a repeat of what we had</ARG0>, <ARG1>you would start out certainly with capital, which needs to be augmented</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,54,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_54_0,"But I would argue that you would also look to maybe compartmentalize the industry, not deny any function to the industry in general, but compartmentalize it so as to limit economic spillover.","But I would argue that <ARG1>you would also look to maybe compartmentalize the industry, not deny any function to the industry in general, but compartmentalize it</ARG1> so as to <ARG0>limit economic spillover</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,56,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_56_0,"These are cultures that have to exist for the particular purpose, but they have their own particular characteristics and there is no question in my mind but these cultures have an impact on the institution within which they are embedded.","These are cultures <ARG1>that have to exist</ARG1> for <ARG0>the particular purpose</ARG0>, but they have their own particular characteristics and there is no question in my mind but these cultures have an impact on the institution within which they are embedded.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,57,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_57_0,"And if I were asked to design a system, I would not allow these kind of cultures and activities to be a part of large depository and traditional lending institutions.","And if <ARG0>I were asked to design a system</ARG0>, <ARG1>I would not allow these kind of cultures and activities to be a part of large depository and traditional lending institutions</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,60,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_60_0,And I do this because I think the culture from the capital markets that rubs off has to do with risk taking.,And <ARG1>I do this</ARG1> because <ARG0>I think the culture from the capital markets that rubs off has to do with risk taking</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,62,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_62_0,"So I believe as a part of a comprehensive reform that Mr. Volcker's idea with regard to separation of some of these functions makes a lot of sense, not because I am concerned about the economics, but because I am concerned of the nature of the impact that these various activities have on the players and the financial markets.","So <ARG1>I believe as a part of a comprehensive reform that Mr. Volcker's idea with regard to separation of some of these functions makes a lot of sense</ARG1>, not because <ARG0>I am concerned about the economics</ARG0>, but because I am concerned of the nature of the impact that these various activities have on the players and the financial markets.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,62,1,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_62_1,"So I believe as a part of a comprehensive reform that Mr. Volcker's idea with regard to separation of some of these functions makes a lot of sense, not because I am concerned about the economics, but because I am concerned of the nature of the impact that these various activities have on the players and the financial markets.","So <ARG1>I believe as a part of a comprehensive reform that Mr. Volcker's idea with regard to separation of some of these functions makes a lot of sense</ARG1>, not because I am concerned about the economics, but because <ARG0>I am concerned of the nature of the impact that these various activities have on the players and the financial markets</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,70,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_70_0,"You could deal with size by having capital requirements that relate to the size of intra-industry activity, and obviously increasing capital as intra-industry activity goes up.","You could deal with size by having capital requirements that relate to the size of intra-industry activity, and obviously <ARG1>increasing capital</ARG1> as <ARG0>intra-industry activity goes up</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,75,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_75_0,"So the issue of size, I think, is also relevant, and so I think the two keys to Mr. Volcker's suggestion, that of segregation of function within the industry and particularly the protection of the large deposit-taking institutions and the idea of being concerned about size, have merit and deserve the consideration of this Committee.","So <ARG0>the issue of size, I think, is also relevant</ARG0>, and so <ARG1>I think the two keys to Mr. Volcker's suggestion, that of segregation of function within the industry and particularly the protection of the large deposit-taking institutions and the idea of being concerned about size, have merit and deserve the consideration of this Committee</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,76,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_76_0,"A final comment, if I could.","<ARG1>A final comment</ARG1>, if <ARG0>I could</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,77,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_77_0,"I believe that one of the reasons that JPMorgan Chase did better than many others during this recent crisis is they did not have embedded in that institution a real money market activity, a trading house.","I believe that one of the reasons that <ARG1>JPMorgan Chase did better than many others during this recent crisis</ARG1> is <ARG0>they did not have embedded in that institution a real money market activity, a trading house</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,18,1,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_18_1,"If we allow our biggest banks to continue to build on these unfair market advantages and the lower funding costs, we will head in the same direction.","If <ARG0>we</ARG0> allow <ARG1>our biggest banks</ARG1> to <ARG1>continue to build on these unfair market advantages and the lower funding costs</ARG1>, we will head in the same direction.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,50,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_50_0,I don't say this because I think the absence of that rule was central to the difficulties that we have just come through.,<ARG1>I don't say this</ARG1> because <ARG0>I think the absence of that rule was central to the difficulties that we have just come through</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,57,1,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_57_1,"And if I were asked to design a system, I would not allow these kind of cultures and activities to be a part of large depository and traditional lending institutions.","And if I were asked to design a system, <ARG0>I</ARG0> would not allow <ARG1>these kind of cultures and activities</ARG1> to <ARG1>be a part of large depository and traditional lending institutions</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,66,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_66_0,This is where the ``too big to fail'' comes into play.,This is where the ``<ARG0>too big</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>'' comes into play.,1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,67,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_67_0,It isn't the balance sheet of the bank that is the problem on ``too big to fail.'',It isn't the balance sheet of the bank that is the problem on ``<ARG0>too big</ARG0> to <ARG1>fail</ARG1>.'',1,1,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,77,1,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_77_1,"I believe that one of the reasons that JPMorgan Chase did better than many others during this recent crisis is they did not have embedded in that institution a real money market activity, a trading house.","I believe that one of the reasons that <ARG1>JPMorgan Chase did better than many others</ARG1> during <ARG0>this recent crisis</ARG0> is they did not have embedded in that institution a real money market activity, a trading house.",1,0,,1
because,CHRG-111shrg61651.ann,46,0,because_CHRG-111shrg61651.ann_46_0,"Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind welcome.","Mr. Chairman, <ARG1>thank you very much</ARG1> for <ARG0>your kind welcome</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20000410_nyt-NEW.ann,1,0,because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_1_0,"The Dayton Democrat, who has traveled to other crisis points including 				Sierra Leone and North Korea, will spend three days visiting hospitals 				and other facilities to seek understanding why aid has been ineffective 				in stemming malnourishment and other medical problems.","The Dayton Democrat, who has traveled to other crisis points including 				Sierra Leone and North Korea, will spend three days visiting hospitals 				and other facilities to seek understanding why <ARG0>aid</ARG0> has been ineffective 				in stemming <ARG1>malnourishment and other medical problems</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20000410_nyt-NEW.ann,2,0,because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_2_0,"Iraq has been under economic sanctions since the war ended, which some 				say have thwarted the country's ability to recover from the devastation 				of the bombing campaign.","Iraq has been under economic sanctions since the war ended, <ARG0>which</ARG0> some 				say have thwarted <ARG1>the country's ability to recover from the devastation</ARG1> 				<ARG1>of the bombing campaign</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20000410_nyt-NEW.ann,7,0,because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_7_0,"Hall flies to Amman, Jordan, on Friday, where he'll spend the night 				before driving to Iraq.","Hall flies to Amman, Jordan, on Friday, <ARG0>where he'll spend the night</ARG0> 				before <ARG1>driving to Iraq</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20000410_nyt-NEW.ann,0,0,because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_0_0,"Iraq clears visit by Ohio official 			By Scott Montgomery Washington 			The Iraqi government has agreed to let U.S. Rep. Tony Hall visit the 				country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered 				since the Gulf War of 1990, Hall's office said Monday.","Iraq clears visit by Ohio official 			By Scott Montgomery Washington 			<ARG0>The Iraqi government</ARG0> has agreed to let <ARG1>U.S. Rep. Tony Hall visit the</ARG1> 				<ARG1>country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered</ARG1> 				<ARG1>since the Gulf War of 1990</ARG1>, Hall's office said Monday.",1,1,,1
because,20000410_nyt-NEW.ann,2,1,because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_2_1,"Iraq has been under economic sanctions since the war ended, which some 				say have thwarted the country's ability to recover from the devastation 				of the bombing campaign.","<ARG1>Iraq has been under economic sanctions</ARG1> since <ARG0>the war ended</ARG0>, which some 				say have thwarted the country's ability to recover from the devastation 				of the bombing campaign.",1,0,,1
because,20000410_nyt-NEW.ann,5,0,because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_5_0,"Hall will be only the second member of Congress to travel in Iraq since 				the war, according to Hall's office.","<ARG1>Hall will be only the second member of Congress to travel in Iraq</ARG1> since 				<ARG0>the war</ARG0>, according to Hall's office.",0,0,,1
because,20000410_nyt-NEW.ann,0,1,because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_0_1,"Iraq clears visit by Ohio official 			By Scott Montgomery Washington 			The Iraqi government has agreed to let U.S. Rep. Tony Hall visit the 				country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered 				since the Gulf War of 1990, Hall's office said Monday.","Iraq clears visit by Ohio official 			By Scott Montgomery Washington 			The Iraqi government has agreed to let U.S. Rep. Tony Hall <ARG1>visit the</ARG1> 				<ARG1>country next week</ARG1> to <ARG0>assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered</ARG0> 				<ARG0>since the Gulf War of 1990</ARG0>, Hall's office said Monday.",1,1,,1
because,20000410_nyt-NEW.ann,1,1,because_20000410_nyt-NEW.ann_1_1,"The Dayton Democrat, who has traveled to other crisis points including 				Sierra Leone and North Korea, will spend three days visiting hospitals 				and other facilities to seek understanding why aid has been ineffective 				in stemming malnourishment and other medical problems.","The Dayton Democrat, who has traveled to other crisis points including 				Sierra Leone and North Korea, will spend three days <ARG1>visiting hospitals</ARG1> 				<ARG1>and other facilities</ARG1> to <ARG0>seek understanding why aid has been ineffective</ARG0> 				<ARG0>in stemming malnourishment and other medical problems</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,3,0,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_3_0,"During his four days in Iraq, Hall said he wanted to investigate 				reports from relief agencies that a quarter of Iraqi children may be 				suffering from chronic malnutrition.","During his four days in Iraq, Hall said he wanted to investigate 				reports from relief agencies <ARG1>that a quarter of Iraqi children may be</ARG1> 				<ARG1>suffering</ARG1> from <ARG0>chronic malnutrition</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,5,0,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_5_0,"If 				supplies are not reaching the people who need them, Hall said, he wanted 				to find out whether the United Nations or relief agencies needed to 				handle things differently, or whether ""Iraq needs to get out of the way 				and let us do the job.""","If 				<ARG0>supplies are not reaching the people who need them</ARG0>, Hall said, <ARG1>he wanted</ARG1> 				<ARG1>to find out whether the United Nations or relief agencies needed to</ARG1> 				<ARG1>handle things differently, or whether ""Iraq needs to get out of the way</ARG1> 				<ARG1>and let us do the job</ARG1>.""",1,1,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,6,0,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_6_0,"The Iraqi government blames the embargo for the malnutrition, infant 				mortality and other hardships.","The Iraqi government blames <ARG0>the embargo</ARG0> for <ARG1>the malnutrition, infant</ARG1> 				<ARG1>mortality and other hardships.</ARG1>",1,1,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,7,0,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_7_0,"The sanctions cannot be lifted until U.N. inspectors certify that Iraq 				has eliminated its weapons of mass destruction and the means to produce 				them.","<ARG1>The sanctions cannot be lifted</ARG1> until <ARG0>U.N. inspectors certify that Iraq</ARG0> 				<ARG0>has eliminated its weapons of mass destruction and the means to produce</ARG0> 				<ARG0>them</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,5,1,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_5_1,"If 				supplies are not reaching the people who need them, Hall said, he wanted 				to find out whether the United Nations or relief agencies needed to 				handle things differently, or whether ""Iraq needs to get out of the way 				and let us do the job.""","If 				supplies are not reaching the people who need them, Hall said, he wanted 				to find out whether the United Nations or relief agencies needed to 				handle things differently, or whether ""<ARG0>Iraq</ARG0> needs to get out of the way 				and let <ARG1>us do the job</ARG1>.""",1,1,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,0,0,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_0_0,"Ohio Congressman Arrives in Jordan 			AMMAN, Jordan (AP) U.S. Representative Tony Hall arrived in Jordan on 				Saturday en route to Iraq, where he is expected to look into the plight 				of Iraqis after nearly 10 years of U.N. trade sanctions.","Ohio Congressman Arrives in Jordan 			AMMAN, Jordan (AP) U.S. Representative Tony Hall arrived in Jordan on 				Saturday en route to Iraq, where <ARG1>he is expected to look into the plight</ARG1> 				<ARG1>of Iraqis</ARG1> after <ARG0>nearly 10 years of U.N. trade sanctions</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,1,0,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_1_0,"Hall, an Ohio Democrat and one of very few U.S. congressmen to visit 				Iraq since the 1991 Gulf War over Kuwait, is scheduled to embark Sunday 				the 12-hour overland trip to the Iraqi capital, Baghdad.","Hall, an Ohio Democrat and one of <ARG1>very few U.S. congressmen to visit</ARG1> 				<ARG1>Iraq</ARG1> since <ARG0>the 1991 Gulf War over Kuwait</ARG0>, is scheduled to embark Sunday 				the 12-hour overland trip to the Iraqi capital, Baghdad.",0,0,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,2,0,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_2_0,"He did not speak to reporters in Jordan, but he told The Associated 				Press before leaving the United States that he hopes to ""separate the 				humanitarian work from the political issues.""","He did not speak to reporters in Jordan, but <ARG0>he told The Associated</ARG0> 				<ARG0>Press</ARG0> before <ARG1>leaving the United States</ARG1> <ARG0>that he hopes to ""separate the</ARG0> 				<ARG0>humanitarian work from the political issues.""</ARG0>",0,0,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,3,1,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_3_1,"During his four days in Iraq, Hall said he wanted to investigate 				reports from relief agencies that a quarter of Iraqi children may be 				suffering from chronic malnutrition.","During <ARG0>his four days in Iraq</ARG0>, Hall said <ARG1>he wanted to investigate</ARG1> 				<ARG1>reports from relief agencies that a quarter of Iraqi children may be</ARG1> 				<ARG1>suffering from chronic malnutrition</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann,10,0,because_20000415_apw_eng-NEW.ann_10_0,"Energy Secretary Bill 				Richardson went to Baghdad in 1995 while a representative for New 				Mexico.","<ARG1>Energy Secretary Bill</ARG1> 				<ARG1>Richardson went to Baghdad in 1995</ARG1> while <ARG0>a representative for New</ARG0> 				<ARG0>Mexico</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,1,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_1_0,"On the basis of thousands of pages of information developed in an earlier federal inquiry into Torricelli's activities, the committee chastised him for using poor judgment and disregarding Senate rules in his dealings with the former donor, David Chang.","On the basis of thousands of pages of information developed in an earlier federal inquiry into Torricelli's activities, <ARG1>the committee chastised him</ARG1> for <ARG0>using poor judgment and disregarding Senate rules in his dealings with the former donor, David Chang</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,2,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_2_0,"""Your actions and failure to act led to violations of Senate rules (and related statutes) and created at least the appearance of impropriety,"" the three Democrats and three Republicans on the committee said in a three-page letter to Torricelli.","""<ARG0>Your actions and failure to act</ARG0> led to <ARG1>violations of Senate rules (and related statutes)</ARG1> and created at least the appearance of impropriety,"" the three Democrats and three Republicans on the committee said in a three-page letter to Torricelli.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,4,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_4_0,The committee's action comes six months after federal prosecutors ended a lengthy criminal investigation into Torricelli's activities without filing criminal charges.,<ARG1>The committee's action</ARG1> comes six months after <ARG0>federal prosecutors ended a lengthy criminal investigation into Torricelli's activities without filing criminal charges</ARG0>.,0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,6,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_6_0,"After months in which polls showed Torricelli well ahead of his relatively unknown Republican rival, the contest has narrowed in recent weeks.","After <ARG0>months in which polls showed Torricelli well ahead of his relatively unknown Republican rival</ARG0>, <ARG1>the contest has narrowed in recent weeks</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,11,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_11_0,"Within minutes after the committee released its letter publicly, Torricelli took the Senate floor Tuesday night to apologize to the people of New Jersey for allowing his seat in the chamber ""to be placed in this position.""","Within minutes after <ARG0>the committee released its letter publicly</ARG0>, <ARG1>Torricelli took the Senate floor Tuesday night to apologize to the people of New Jersey for allowing his seat in the chamber ""to be placed in this position.""</ARG1>",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,2,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_2_1,"""Your actions and failure to act led to violations of Senate rules (and related statutes) and created at least the appearance of impropriety,"" the three Democrats and three Republicans on the committee said in a three-page letter to Torricelli.","""<ARG0>Your actions and failure to act</ARG0> led to violations of Senate rules (and related statutes) and created <ARG1>at least the appearance of impropriety</ARG1>,"" the three Democrats and three Republicans on the committee said in a three-page letter to Torricelli.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,12,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_12_0,"During nearly seven hours of sworn testimony last week before the members and staff of the ethics panel, Torricelli said that he had not taken any gifts from Chang, and that what items he had accepted from the businessman he had later paid Chang for, one person familiar with his account said.","During <ARG0>nearly seven hours of sworn testimony last week before the members and staff of the ethics panel</ARG0>, <ARG1>Torricelli said that he had not taken any gifts from Chang, and that what items he had accepted from the businessman he had later paid Chang for</ARG1>, one person familiar with his account said.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,13,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_13_0,"Torricelli also insisted that he had not done any unusual favors for Chang, who first turned to the senator in 1995 for help in winning the repayment of some $71 million he said he was then owed in a failed business deal with the North Korean government.","Torricelli also insisted that he had not done any unusual favors for Chang, <ARG1>who first turned to the senator in 1995</ARG1> for <ARG0>help in winning the repayment of some $71 million he said he was then owed in a failed business deal with the North Korean government</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,17,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_17_0,"During that time, the panel said, Torricelli and members of his Senate staff took a series of actions to help Chang, contacting U.S. government officials, writing letters to foreign government officials and bringing Chang or his business representatives into meetings with foreign officials.","During that time, the panel said, <ARG1>Torricelli and members of his Senate staff took a series of actions</ARG1> to <ARG0>help Chang</ARG0>, <ARG1>contacting U.S. government officials, writing letters to foreign government officials and bringing Chang or his business representatives into meetings with foreign officials</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,20,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_20_0,"In May, that judge sentenced sentenced Chang to 18 months' imprisonment for obstructing justice and making $53,700 in illegal campaign contributions to Torricelli's 1996 Senate campaign.","In May, <ARG1>that judge sentenced sentenced Chang to 18 months' imprisonment</ARG1> for <ARG0>obstructing justice and making $53,700 in illegal campaign contributions to Torricelli's 1996 Senate campaign</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,16,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_16_0,"The committee criticized Torricelli for maintaining a ""personal and official relationship with Chang under circumstances where you knew that he was attempting to ingratiate himself, in part through a pattern of attempts to provide you and those around you with gifts over a period of several years.""","<ARG1>The committee criticized Torricelli</ARG1> for <ARG0>maintaining a ""personal and official relationship with Chang under circumstances where you knew that he was attempting to ingratiate himself, in part through a pattern of attempts to provide you and those around you with gifts over a period of several years.""</ARG0>",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,7,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_7_0,"It was the first time that the Senate Ethics Committee had voted to take action against a senator since 1995, when it recommended that Bob Packwood, an Oregon Republican, be expelled on the ground of sexual and official misconduct.","It was the first time that the Senate Ethics Committee had voted to take action against a senator since 1995, when <ARG1>it recommended that Bob Packwood, an Oregon Republican, be expelled</ARG1> on the ground of <ARG0>sexual and official misconduct</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,0,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_0_0,"SENATE ETHICS PANEL ADMONISHES NEW JERSEY SENATOR FOR CONDUCT RELATED TO GIFTS  WASHINGTON The Senate Ethics Committee on Tuesday night ""severely admonished"" Sen. Robert G. Torricelli, D-N.J., saying he had violated Senate rules by accepting and failing to disclose expensive gifts from a former contributor to whom he repeatedly gave help.","<ARG1>SENATE ETHICS PANEL ADMONISHES NEW JERSEY SENATOR</ARG1> FOR <ARG0>CONDUCT RELATED TO GIFTS</ARG0>  WASHINGTON The Senate Ethics Committee on Tuesday night ""severely admonished"" Sen. Robert G. Torricelli, D-N.J., saying he had violated Senate rules by accepting and failing to disclose expensive gifts from a former contributor to whom he repeatedly gave help.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,11,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_11_1,"Within minutes after the committee released its letter publicly, Torricelli took the Senate floor Tuesday night to apologize to the people of New Jersey for allowing his seat in the chamber ""to be placed in this position.""","Within minutes after the committee released its letter publicly, Torricelli took the Senate floor Tuesday night to <ARG1>apologize to the people of New Jersey</ARG1> for <ARG0>allowing his seat in the chamber ""to be placed in this position.""</ARG0>",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,11,2,because_20020731-nyt.ann_11_2,"Within minutes after the committee released its letter publicly, Torricelli took the Senate floor Tuesday night to apologize to the people of New Jersey for allowing his seat in the chamber ""to be placed in this position.""","Within minutes after the committee released its letter publicly, <ARG1>Torricelli took the Senate floor Tuesday night</ARG1> to <ARG0>apologize to the people of New Jersey for allowing his seat in the chamber ""to be placed in this position.""</ARG0>",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,33,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_33_0,"A person familiar with Torricelli's testimony to the committee said he had told its members that he repaid the ""wholesale"" cost of the appliances because Chang told him that was what he had paid.","A person familiar with Torricelli's testimony to the committee said he had told its members that <ARG1>he repaid the ""wholesale"" cost of the appliances</ARG1> because <ARG0>Chang told him that was what he had paid</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,34,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_34_0,The ethics panel also criticized Torricelli for taking two bronze statues on loan from Chang.,<ARG1>The ethics panel also criticized Torricelli</ARG1> for <ARG0>taking two bronze statues on loan from Chang</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,38,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_38_0,"According to a government official involved in the inquiry, the information reviewed by the Ethics Committee also included an analysis by federal investigators showing that during the period in which Chang claimed to have made numerous cash payments to Torricelli, the senator spent thousands of dollars more in cash than investigators could account for from his bank withdrawals and other known sources of income.","According to a government official involved in the inquiry, the information reviewed by the Ethics Committee also included an analysis by federal investigators showing that during <ARG0>the period in which Chang claimed to have made numerous cash payments to Torricelli</ARG0>, <ARG1>the senator spent thousands of dollars more in cash than investigators could account for from his bank withdrawals and other known sources of income</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,39,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_39_0,"The analysis, which was assembled from banking and credit records, income-tax returns and congressional financial-disclosure forms, showed by March of 1998, Torricelli's cash expenditures were more than $22,000 in excess of the cash he had generated from checks and automatic-teller machines, an official who has reviewed the document said.","The analysis, which was assembled from banking and credit records, income-tax returns and congressional financial-disclosure forms, showed by March of 1998, Torricelli's cash expenditures were more than $22,000 in excess of the <ARG1>cash</ARG1> <ARG0>he</ARG0> had generated from checks and automatic-teller machines, an official who has reviewed the document said.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,45,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_45_0,"POWELL IN BRUNEI FOR TERROR TALKS; BUT HUMAN RIGHTS REMAINS PERSISTENT ISSUE BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, Brunei U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell arrived here on Tuesday night for meetings with fellow foreign ministers aimed at solidifying a second front, in Southeast Asia, in the campaign against global terrorism.","<ARG1>POWELL IN BRUNEI</ARG1> FOR <ARG0>TERROR TALKS</ARG0>; BUT HUMAN RIGHTS REMAINS PERSISTENT ISSUE BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, Brunei U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell arrived here on Tuesday night for meetings with fellow foreign ministers aimed at solidifying a second front, in Southeast Asia, in the campaign against global terrorism.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,45,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_45_1,"POWELL IN BRUNEI FOR TERROR TALKS; BUT HUMAN RIGHTS REMAINS PERSISTENT ISSUE BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, Brunei U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell arrived here on Tuesday night for meetings with fellow foreign ministers aimed at solidifying a second front, in Southeast Asia, in the campaign against global terrorism.","POWELL IN BRUNEI FOR TERROR TALKS; BUT HUMAN RIGHTS REMAINS PERSISTENT ISSUE BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, Brunei U.S. <ARG1>Secretary of State Colin Powell arrived here on Tuesday night</ARG1> for <ARG0>meetings with fellow foreign ministers aimed at solidifying a second front, in Southeast Asia, in the campaign against global terrorism</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,47,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_47_0,"In meetings on Tuesday in Malaysia and Singapore before touching down in this oil-producing sultanate for two days of talks with members of the Association of South East Asian Nations, Powell said he repeatedly raised the issue.","In meetings on Tuesday in Malaysia and Singapore before <ARG1>touching down in this oil-producing sultanate</ARG1> for <ARG0>two days of talks with members of the Association of South East Asian Nations</ARG0>, Powell said he repeatedly raised the issue.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,50,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_50_0,The United States cut virtually all military links with Indonesia in 1999 after its forces were implicated in the violence that swept East Timor after that territory voted for independence.,<ARG1>The United States cut virtually all military links with Indonesia in 1999</ARG1> after <ARG0>its forces were implicated in the violence that swept East Timor after that territory voted for independence</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,50,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_50_1,The United States cut virtually all military links with Indonesia in 1999 after its forces were implicated in the violence that swept East Timor after that territory voted for independence.,The United States cut virtually all military links with Indonesia in 1999 after its forces were implicated in the violence <ARG1>that swept East Timor</ARG1> after <ARG0>that territory voted for independence</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,51,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_51_0,"On Thursday, Powell and representatives of the nations of the Asian group, including Indonesia, are expected to sign a declaration promising cooperation to prevent terrorism by sharing information, blocking funds, tightening borders and making it hard to use forged travel papers.","On Thursday, <ARG0>Powell and representatives of the nations of the Asian group, including Indonesia</ARG0>, are expected to sign a declaration promising cooperation to prevent <ARG1>terrorism</ARG1> by sharing information, blocking funds, tightening borders and making it hard to use forged travel papers.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,54,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_54_0,"Terrorism dominates the agenda, though the possibility of a meeting here between Powell and his North Korean counterpart, Paek Nam Sun, has generated the most news.","Terrorism dominates the agenda, though <ARG0>the possibility of a meeting here between Powell and his North Korean counterpart, Paek Nam Sun</ARG0>, has generated <ARG1>the most news</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,55,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_55_0,It would be the highest-level contact between the United States and North Korea since President Bush took office.,<ARG1>It would be the highest-level contact between the United States and North Korea</ARG1> since <ARG0>President Bush took office</ARG0>.,0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,51,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_51_1,"On Thursday, Powell and representatives of the nations of the Asian group, including Indonesia, are expected to sign a declaration promising cooperation to prevent terrorism by sharing information, blocking funds, tightening borders and making it hard to use forged travel papers.","On Thursday, <ARG0>Powell and representatives of the nations of the Asian group, including Indonesia</ARG0>, are expected to sign a declaration promising cooperation to prevent terrorism by sharing information, blocking funds, tightening borders and making <ARG1>it hard to use forged travel papers</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,57,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_57_0,"He said that when he arrives in Jakarta, he will have ""some ideas and some initiatives"" to present to President Megawati Sukarnoputri.","He said that when <ARG0>he arrives in Jakarta</ARG0>, <ARG1>he will have ""some ideas and some initiatives"" to present to President Megawati Sukarnoputri</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,58,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_58_0,"Indonesia is already receiving $400,000 in the current fiscal year for civilian training programs and is to receive a like amount next year; and the United States expects to provide an additional $16 million this year to train police officers in counterterrorism.","Indonesia is already receiving $400,000 in the current fiscal year for civilian training programs and is to receive a like amount next year; and the United States expects to <ARG1>provide an additional $16 million this year</ARG1> to <ARG0>train police officers in counterterrorism</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,60,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_60_0,"But a senior State Department official also acknowledged that some in the administration and Congress are pushing for more direct military cooperation, which would require congressional approval.","But a senior State Department official also acknowledged that some in the administration and Congress are pushing for more direct military cooperation, <ARG1>which</ARG1> would require <ARG0>congressional approval</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,64,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_64_0,"""If you get young officers, expose them to a military organization that is within a democratic political institution, such as the United States, then that rubs off on them,"" he said.","""If <ARG0>you get young officers, expose them to a military organization that is within a democratic political institution, such as the United States</ARG0>, then <ARG1>that rubs off on them</ARG1>,"" he said.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,68,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_68_0,"The United States once distanced itself from Mahathir for strong-arm tactics with political rivals, and human rights groups criticize him for arresting and jailing scores of suspected militants, including some who may be linked to al-Qaida, without trial.","<ARG1>The United States once distanced itself from Mahathir</ARG1> for <ARG0>strong-arm tactics with political rivals</ARG0>, and human rights groups criticize him for arresting and jailing scores of suspected militants, including some who may be linked to al-Qaida, without trial.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,68,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_68_1,"The United States once distanced itself from Mahathir for strong-arm tactics with political rivals, and human rights groups criticize him for arresting and jailing scores of suspected militants, including some who may be linked to al-Qaida, without trial.","The United States once distanced itself from Mahathir for strong-arm tactics with political rivals, and <ARG1>human rights groups criticize him</ARG1> for <ARG0>arresting and jailing scores of suspected militants, including some who may be linked to al-Qaida, without trial</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,69,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_69_0,"Powell said his discussions with Mahathir ""touched on the case"" of his former deputy, Anwar Ibrahim, who is serving a 15-year sentence on charges of sodomy and abuse of power after trials that Powell said the United States had ""always felt"" were flawed.","Powell said his discussions with Mahathir ""touched on the case"" of his former deputy, Anwar Ibrahim, <ARG1>who is serving a 15-year sentence on charges of sodomy and abuse of power</ARG1> after <ARG0>trials that Powell said the United States had ""always felt"" were flawed</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,70,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_70_0,"The assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, James Kelly, met on Tuesday morning with Anwar's wife, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, for what she later told Malaysian reporters was a discussion about both the detention of her husband and six supporters, and the campaign against terrorism.","<ARG1>The assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, James Kelly, met on Tuesday morning with Anwar's wife, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail</ARG1>, for <ARG0>what she later told Malaysian reporters was a discussion about both the detention of her husband and six supporters, and the campaign against terrorism</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,71,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_71_0,"MICROSOFT TEAMS WITH AT&T TO OFFER SOFTWARE FOR WIRELESS DEVICES AND SERVICES Microsoft plans to announce on Wednesday a partnership with AT&T Wireless Services to offer software for wireless devices and services, a person close to the talks said Tuesday night.","<ARG1>MICROSOFT TEAMS WITH AT&T</ARG1> TO <ARG0>OFFER SOFTWARE FOR WIRELESS DEVICES AND SERVICES</ARG0> Microsoft plans to announce on Wednesday a partnership with AT&T Wireless Services to offer software for wireless devices and services, a person close to the talks said Tuesday night.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,80,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_80_0,"MONTREAL TRADES FLOYD TO RED SOX FOR TWO PITCHERS Less than three weeks after outfielder Cliff Floyd was imported to Montreal to play a pivotal part in the Expos' playoff plans, he was traded to Boston Tuesday night to try his hand in what the Red Sox hope will be their postseason plans.","MONTREAL TRADES FLOYD TO RED SOX FOR TWO PITCHERS Less than three weeks after <ARG0>outfielder Cliff Floyd was imported to Montreal to play a pivotal part in the Expos' playoff plans</ARG0>, <ARG1>he was traded to Boston Tuesday night to try his hand in what the Red Sox hope will be their postseason plans</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,80,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_80_1,"MONTREAL TRADES FLOYD TO RED SOX FOR TWO PITCHERS Less than three weeks after outfielder Cliff Floyd was imported to Montreal to play a pivotal part in the Expos' playoff plans, he was traded to Boston Tuesday night to try his hand in what the Red Sox hope will be their postseason plans.","MONTREAL TRADES FLOYD TO RED SOX FOR TWO PITCHERS Less than three weeks after <ARG1>outfielder Cliff Floyd was imported to Montreal</ARG1> to <ARG0>play a pivotal part in the Expos' playoff plans</ARG0>, he was traded to Boston Tuesday night to try his hand in what the Red Sox hope will be their postseason plans.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,80,2,because_20020731-nyt.ann_80_2,"MONTREAL TRADES FLOYD TO RED SOX FOR TWO PITCHERS Less than three weeks after outfielder Cliff Floyd was imported to Montreal to play a pivotal part in the Expos' playoff plans, he was traded to Boston Tuesday night to try his hand in what the Red Sox hope will be their postseason plans.","MONTREAL TRADES FLOYD TO RED SOX FOR TWO PITCHERS Less than three weeks after outfielder Cliff Floyd was imported to Montreal to play a pivotal part in the Expos' playoff plans, <ARG1>he was traded to Boston Tuesday night</ARG1> to <ARG0>try his hand in what the Red Sox hope will be their postseason plans</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,81,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_81_0,"Floyd did not produce the kind of offense the Expos expected from him, so Omar Minaya, the Expos' aggressive rookie general manager, turned around and sent him to the Red Sox in exchange two South Korean pitchers and a player yet to be named.","<ARG0>Floyd</ARG0> did not produce <ARG1>the kind of offense the Expos expected from him</ARG1>, so Omar Minaya, the Expos' aggressive rookie general manager, turned around and sent him to the Red Sox in exchange two South Korean pitchers and a player yet to be named.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,81,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_81_1,"Floyd did not produce the kind of offense the Expos expected from him, so Omar Minaya, the Expos' aggressive rookie general manager, turned around and sent him to the Red Sox in exchange two South Korean pitchers and a player yet to be named.","<ARG0>Floyd did not produce the kind of offense the Expos expected from him</ARG0>, so <ARG1>Omar Minaya, the Expos' aggressive rookie general manager, turned around and sent him to the Red Sox in exchange two South Korean pitchers and a player yet to be named</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,83,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_83_0,"Minaya obtained Floyd from the Florida Marlins on July 11, only two weeks after he stunned baseball by acquiring Bartolo Colon from Cleveland.","<ARG1>Minaya obtained Floyd from the Florida Marlins on July 11</ARG1>, only two weeks after <ARG0>he stunned baseball by acquiring Bartolo Colon from Cleveland</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,84,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_84_0,"Colon has won four of five decisions for the Expos, but Floyd batted only .208 for them while hitting three home runs, including one Tuesday night, and driving in four runs.","Colon has won four of five decisions for the Expos, but <ARG1>Floyd batted only .208 for them</ARG1> while <ARG0>hitting three home runs, including one Tuesday night, and driving in four runs</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,86,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_86_0,"The Expos, who had a 46-41 record when they made their first Floyd deal, had only a 7-12 record with him on the team, dropping from 9 1/2 games behind Atlanta in the National League East to as many as 16 games back.","The Expos, <ARG1>who had a 46-41 record</ARG1> when <ARG0>they made their first Floyd deal</ARG0>, had only a 7-12 record with him on the team, dropping from 9 1/2 games behind Atlanta in the National League East to as many as 16 games back.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,86,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_86_1,"The Expos, who had a 46-41 record when they made their first Floyd deal, had only a 7-12 record with him on the team, dropping from 9 1/2 games behind Atlanta in the National League East to as many as 16 games back.","<ARG1>The Expos, who had a 46-41 record when they made their first Floyd deal, had only a 7-12 record</ARG1> with <ARG0>him on the team</ARG0>, dropping from 9 1/2 games behind Atlanta in the National League East to as many as 16 games back.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,87,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_87_0,"Floyd can be a free agent after this season, and Minaya decided it would be more prudent to trade him and get value in return than have to settle for a draft choice or two as compensation when he signed with another team as a free agent.","<ARG1>Floyd can be a free agent</ARG1> after <ARG0>this season</ARG0>, and Minaya decided it would be more prudent to trade him and get value in return than have to settle for a draft choice or two as compensation when he signed with another team as a free agent.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,87,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_87_1,"Floyd can be a free agent after this season, and Minaya decided it would be more prudent to trade him and get value in return than have to settle for a draft choice or two as compensation when he signed with another team as a free agent.","Floyd can be a free agent after this season, and Minaya decided it would be more prudent to trade him and get value in return than <ARG1>have to settle for a draft choice or two as compensation</ARG1> when <ARG0>he signed with another team as a free agent</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,97,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_97_0,"But as the day wore on, the Red Sox tried harder and by Tuesday night were able to get the player they wanted for their lineup.","But as <ARG0>the day wore on</ARG0>, <ARG1>the Red Sox tried harder</ARG1> and by Tuesday night were able to get the player they wanted for their lineup.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,110,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_110_0,"So, after six years of planning, he opened the Excel Institute Automotive Program, a two-year school that gives people a chance at a new life as an auto technician or in another job related to the field.","So, after <ARG0>six years of planning</ARG0>, <ARG1>he opened the Excel Institute Automotive Program, a two-year school that gives people a chance at a new life as an auto technician or in another job related to the field</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,111,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_111_0,"The school, now in its third year, has been so successful that it recently received a $2 million grant from Congress.","The school, now in its third year, has been <ARG0>so successful</ARG0> that <ARG1>it recently received a $2 million grant from Congress</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,115,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_115_0,"Thanks to Starke's vision, leadership and fund-raising, they can do it all free.","Thanks to <ARG0>Starke's vision, leadership and fund-raising</ARG0>, <ARG1>they can do it all free</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,118,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_118_0,"In 1973, he was young enough to be a part of the Redskins' Over the Hill Gang, and in 1981 he was old enough to be one of the team's original Hogs.","In 1973, he was <ARG0>young enough</ARG0> to <ARG1>be a part of the Redskins' Over the Hill Gang</ARG1>, and in 1981 he was old enough to be one of the team's original Hogs.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,118,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_118_1,"In 1973, he was young enough to be a part of the Redskins' Over the Hill Gang, and in 1981 he was old enough to be one of the team's original Hogs.","In 1973, he was young enough to be a part of the Redskins' Over the Hill Gang, and in 1981 he was <ARG0>old enough</ARG0> to <ARG1>be one of the team's original Hogs</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,120,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_120_0,"He earned a physics degree from Columbia, became a Redskin, studied drama, worked in sports broadcasting, opened a Washington restaurant and built his own home here when he thought he might become a developer, ""just so I could know how the business worked from the ground up,"" he said.","<ARG1>He</ARG1> earned a physics degree from Columbia, became a Redskin, studied drama, worked in sports broadcasting, opened a Washington restaurant and <ARG1>built his own home here</ARG1> when <ARG0>he thought he might become a developer</ARG0>, ""just so I could know how the business worked from the ground up,"" he said.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,120,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_120_1,"He earned a physics degree from Columbia, became a Redskin, studied drama, worked in sports broadcasting, opened a Washington restaurant and built his own home here when he thought he might become a developer, ""just so I could know how the business worked from the ground up,"" he said.","He earned a physics degree from Columbia, became a Redskin, studied drama, worked in sports broadcasting, opened a Washington restaurant and <ARG1>built his own home here when he thought he might become a developer</ARG1>, ""just so <ARG0>I could know how the business worked from the ground up</ARG0>,"" he said.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,122,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_122_0,"In 1992 he sold it to begin work on the Excel Institute, putting up $300,000 to get things started.","In 1992 <ARG1>he sold it</ARG1> to <ARG0>begin work on the Excel Institute</ARG0>, putting up $300,000 to get things started.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,137,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_137_0,Not bad for a guy who was kicked out of high school in 1997 for threatening a teacher.,Not bad for a guy <ARG1>who was kicked out of high school in 1997</ARG1> for <ARG0>threatening a teacher</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,139,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_139_0,"""It shows if you have the will and the dedication here you can learn a lot and be something.","""It shows if <ARG0>you have the will and the dedication here</ARG0> <ARG1>you can learn a lot and be something</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,149,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_149_0,"And when I become a technician, I will help the poor and needy by giving them affordable rates.""","And when <ARG0>I become a technician</ARG0>, <ARG1>I will help the poor and needy by giving them affordable rates</ARG1>.""",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,151,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_151_0,The city has talked with Starke about using his students for some vehicle repairs.,The city has talked with Starke about <ARG1>using his students</ARG1> for <ARG0>some vehicle repairs</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,155,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_155_0,This one will be auctioned for the school.,<ARG1>This one will be auctioned</ARG1> for <ARG0>the school</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,51,2,because_20020731-nyt.ann_51_2,"On Thursday, Powell and representatives of the nations of the Asian group, including Indonesia, are expected to sign a declaration promising cooperation to prevent terrorism by sharing information, blocking funds, tightening borders and making it hard to use forged travel papers.","On Thursday, Powell and representatives of the nations of the Asian group, including Indonesia, are expected to sign a declaration promising <ARG1>cooperation</ARG1> to <ARG0>prevent terrorism</ARG0> by sharing information, blocking funds, tightening borders and making it hard to use forged travel papers.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,61,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_61_0,"""I think they recognize the danger that we all face and I think they have been cooperating more fully with us as time goes by, and I'm quite sure that Mrs. Megawati is committed to this cause,"" Powell said in Singapore.","""I think they recognize the danger that we all face and I think <ARG1>they have been cooperating more fully with us</ARG1> as <ARG0>time goes by</ARG0>, and I'm quite sure that Mrs. Megawati is committed to this cause,"" Powell said in Singapore.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,122,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_122_1,"In 1992 he sold it to begin work on the Excel Institute, putting up $300,000 to get things started.","In 1992 he sold it to begin work on the Excel Institute, <ARG1>putting up $300,000</ARG1> to <ARG0>get things started</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,108,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_108_0,"Starke, I'm tired of going to bed at night with a Tech-9 gun under my pillow.""'","Starke, I'm tired of <ARG1>going to bed at night</ARG1> with <ARG0>a Tech-9 gun under my pillow</ARG0>.""'",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,99,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_99_0,"That was more evident here than in any other city, said George Starke, who after his career as an offensive tackle with the Washington Redskins from 1973 to 1984 stuck around and decided to make this place more than his home.","That was more evident here than in any other city, said George Starke, <ARG1>who</ARG1> after <ARG0>his career as an offensive tackle with the Washington Redskins from 1973 to 1984</ARG0> <ARG1>stuck around and decided to make this place more than his home</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,99,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_99_1,"That was more evident here than in any other city, said George Starke, who after his career as an offensive tackle with the Washington Redskins from 1973 to 1984 stuck around and decided to make this place more than his home.","That was more evident here than in any other city, said George Starke, <ARG0>who</ARG0> after his career as an offensive tackle with the Washington Redskins from 1973 to 1984 stuck around and decided to make <ARG1>this place more than his home</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,98,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_98_0,EX-HOG OFFERS JUMP-START AND HELPS CHANGE LIVES WASHINGTON With the barrage of crack cocaine-connected killings in the 1980s came the realization that young people were too often full-fledged players in the violence.,<ARG0>EX-HOG</ARG0> OFFERS JUMP-START AND HELPS <ARG1>CHANGE LIVES</ARG1> WASHINGTON With the barrage of crack cocaine-connected killings in the 1980s came the realization that young people were too often full-fledged players in the violence.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,7,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_7_1,"It was the first time that the Senate Ethics Committee had voted to take action against a senator since 1995, when it recommended that Bob Packwood, an Oregon Republican, be expelled on the ground of sexual and official misconduct.","<ARG1>It was the first time that the Senate Ethics Committee had voted to take action against a senator</ARG1> since <ARG0>1995</ARG0>, when it recommended that Bob Packwood, an Oregon Republican, be expelled on the ground of sexual and official misconduct.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,5,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_5_0,"The ethics panel, to which evidence from the criminal case was forwarded, concluded its review just as Torricelli is gearing up his campaign for re-election against the Republican candidate, Douglas R. Forrester.","<ARG1>The ethics panel, to which evidence from the criminal case was forwarded, concluded its review</ARG1> just as <ARG0>Torricelli is gearing up his campaign for re-election against the Republican candidate, Douglas R. Forrester</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,16,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_16_1,"The committee criticized Torricelli for maintaining a ""personal and official relationship with Chang under circumstances where you knew that he was attempting to ingratiate himself, in part through a pattern of attempts to provide you and those around you with gifts over a period of several years.""","The committee criticized Torricelli for maintaining a ""personal and official relationship with Chang under circumstances where you knew that he was attempting to ingratiate himself, in part through a pattern of attempts to <ARG1>provide you and those around you with gifts</ARG1> over <ARG0>a period of several years</ARG0>.""",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,17,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_17_1,"During that time, the panel said, Torricelli and members of his Senate staff took a series of actions to help Chang, contacting U.S. government officials, writing letters to foreign government officials and bringing Chang or his business representatives into meetings with foreign officials.","During <ARG0>that time</ARG0>, the panel said, <ARG1>Torricelli and members of his Senate staff took a series of actions to help Chang, contacting U.S. government officials, writing letters to foreign government officials and bringing Chang or his business representatives into meetings with foreign officials</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,56,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_56_0,"Powell heads to Indonesia's capital, Jakarta, late on Thursday before finishing a weeklong trip through the region in the Philippines on Saturday.","<ARG0>Powell heads to Indonesia's capital, Jakarta, late on Thursday</ARG0> before <ARG1>finishing a weeklong trip through the region in the Philippines on Saturday</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,82,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_82_0,The teams made the deal less than 24 hours before Tuesday's 4 p.m. deadline for making trades without first getting waivers on players.,<ARG0>The teams made the deal</ARG0> less than 24 hours before <ARG1>Tuesday's 4 p.m. deadline for making trades without first getting waivers on players</ARG1>.,0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,135,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_135_0,Easterling said he would do whatever it took to become stable.,Easterling said he would do <ARG0>whatever</ARG0> it took to <ARG1>become stable</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,143,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_143_0,"""I've been flapping my wings since until I found this school,"" he said.","""<ARG1>I've been flapping my wings since</ARG1> until <ARG0>I found this school</ARG0>,"" he said.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,147,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_147_0,"I'm grateful to George Starke to have had the vision to set something like this up, not just for me but for all the students.","I'm grateful to George Starke to have had <ARG0>the vision</ARG0> to <ARG1>set something like this up</ARG1>, not just for me but for all the students.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,159,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_159_0,"For this school, once they are in, all they have to do is come every day, come on time every day and work hard.","For this school, once <ARG0>they are in</ARG0>, <ARG1>all they have to do is come every day, come on time every day and work hard</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,167,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_167_0,"In an unprecedented move, the auction proceeds were split by the U.S. Mint and a London coin dealer, Stephen Fenton, who had won that right in court after having been arrested by Secret Service agents for trying to sell the coin in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan in 1996.","In an unprecedented move, the auction proceeds were split by the U.S. Mint and a London coin dealer, Stephen Fenton, <ARG1>who had won that right in court</ARG1> after <ARG0>having been arrested by Secret Service agents for trying to sell the coin in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan in 1996</ARG0>.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,167,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_167_1,"In an unprecedented move, the auction proceeds were split by the U.S. Mint and a London coin dealer, Stephen Fenton, who had won that right in court after having been arrested by Secret Service agents for trying to sell the coin in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan in 1996.","In an unprecedented move, the auction proceeds were split by the U.S. Mint and a London coin dealer, Stephen Fenton, who had won that right in court after <ARG1>having been arrested by Secret Service agents</ARG1> for <ARG0>trying to sell the coin in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan</ARG0> in 1996.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,168,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_168_0,"Henrietta Holsman Fore, the director of the U.S. Mint, who witnessed the sale, said, ""The monies we receive will go toward helping to pay down the debt and to fight the war on terrorism.""","Henrietta Holsman Fore, the director of the U.S. Mint, who witnessed the sale, said, ""<ARG0>The monies we receive</ARG0> will go toward helping to <ARG1>pay down the debt</ARG1> and to fight the war on terrorism.""",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,178,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_178_0,"On Tuesday night, Redden took the podium for nine minutes before the gavel came down, recognizing bidders in the audience and on the telephone.","On Tuesday night, <ARG0>Redden took the podium for nine minutes</ARG0> before <ARG1>the gavel came down</ARG1>, recognizing bidders in the audience and on the telephone.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,181,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_181_0,Most bidders dropped out after that price.,<ARG1>Most bidders dropped out</ARG1> after <ARG0>that price</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,182,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_182_0,"The gavel sounded at $6.6 million after a Sotheby's senior vice president, Selby Kiffer, made the final bid for the anonymous buyer on the telephone.","<ARG1>The gavel sounded at $6.6 million</ARG1> after <ARG0>a Sotheby's senior vice president, Selby Kiffer, made the final bid for the anonymous buyer on the telephone</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,186,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_186_0,"Fore of the mint said the high price for the coin was reached ""because it is one of a kind, it is beautiful and it has a great story.""","Fore of the mint said <ARG1>the high price for the coin was reached</ARG1> ""because <ARG0>it is one of a kind, it is beautiful and it has a great story</ARG0>.""",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,187,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_187_0,"The coin was the only 1933 double eagle that has ever been legally offered for sale, and its Maltese Falconesque history only recently came to light, thanks to documents unearthed during the five-year legal battle over its ownership.","The coin was the only 1933 double eagle that has ever been legally offered for sale, and <ARG1>its Maltese Falconesque history only recently came to light</ARG1>, thanks to <ARG0>documents unearthed during the five-year legal battle over its ownership</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,188,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_188_0,"In 1792, it was deemed that all gold and silver U.S. coins would bear the depiction of an eagle, but gold pieces were issued only after a gold rush boom in 1850.","In 1792, it was deemed that all gold and silver U.S. coins would bear the depiction of an eagle, but <ARG1>gold pieces were issued</ARG1> only after <ARG0>a gold rush boom in 1850</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,189,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_189_0,They were called double eagles because their face value was twice that of the original $10 gold piece.,<ARG1>They were called double eagles</ARG1> because <ARG0>their face value was twice that of the original $10 gold piece</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,193,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_193_0,"Presumably after being stolen by a mint employee, nine double eagles surfaced during the mid-1940s and 1950s.","Presumably after <ARG0>being stolen by a mint employee</ARG0>, <ARG1>nine double eagles surfaced during the mid-1940s and 1950s</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,195,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_195_0,"But before these coins came to light, the royal legation of Egypt turned up with one at the Department of the Treasury, and somehow got an official to issue an export license for the coin to enhance the collection of King Farouk.","But before <ARG0>these coins came to light</ARG0>, <ARG1>the royal legation of Egypt turned up with one at the Department of the Treasury, and somehow got an official to issue an export license for the coin to enhance the collection of King Farouk</ARG1>.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,195,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_195_1,"But before these coins came to light, the royal legation of Egypt turned up with one at the Department of the Treasury, and somehow got an official to issue an export license for the coin to enhance the collection of King Farouk.","But before these coins came to light, <ARG1>the royal legation of Egypt</ARG1> turned up with one at the Department of the Treasury, and <ARG1>somehow got an official to issue an export license for the coin</ARG1> to <ARG0>enhance the collection of King Farouk</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,197,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_197_0,"In 1954, after the king was deposed, his coins were sold at auction and the double eagle vanished.","In 1954, after <ARG0>the king was deposed</ARG0>, <ARG1>his coins were sold at auction and the double eagle vanished</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,198,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_198_0,It went underground until it came to Fenton in 1995.,<ARG1>It went underground</ARG1> until <ARG0>it came to Fenton in 1995</ARG0>.,0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,199,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_199_0,"His arrest in Manhattan, after attempting to sell the coin for $1.5 million, led to a court battle over whether -- thanks to the Treasury's mistaken export permission in 1944 -- the coin could be legally owned.","<ARG1>His arrest in Manhattan</ARG1>, after <ARG0>attempting to sell the coin for $1.5 million</ARG0>, led to a court battle over whether -- thanks to the Treasury's mistaken export permission in 1944 -- the coin could be legally owned.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,199,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_199_1,"His arrest in Manhattan, after attempting to sell the coin for $1.5 million, led to a court battle over whether -- thanks to the Treasury's mistaken export permission in 1944 -- the coin could be legally owned.","His arrest in Manhattan, after attempting to sell the coin for $1.5 million, led to a court battle over whether -- thanks to <ARG0>the Treasury's mistaken export permission in 1944</ARG0> -- <ARG1>the coin could be legally owned</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,201,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_201_0,The coin once again escaped destruction when it was moved from the Treasury Department vault in 7 World Trade Center eight months before the building collapsed after the Sept. 11 terrorist attack.,<ARG1>The coin once again escaped destruction</ARG1> when <ARG0>it was moved from the Treasury Department vault in 7 World Trade Center eight months before the building collapsed after the Sept. 11 terrorist attack</ARG0>.,1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,201,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_201_1,The coin once again escaped destruction when it was moved from the Treasury Department vault in 7 World Trade Center eight months before the building collapsed after the Sept. 11 terrorist attack.,The coin once again escaped destruction when it was moved from the Treasury Department vault in 7 World Trade Center eight months before <ARG1>the building collapsed</ARG1> after <ARG0>the Sept. 11 terrorist attack</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,205,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_205_0,"This ""monetized"" the coin, making it legal tender.","<ARG0>This</ARG0> ""monetized"" the coin, making <ARG1>it legal tender</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,206,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_206_0,"The buyer will receive a certificate of transfer stating just that, but only after paying the auction price and a fee of $20 for the face value of the coin.","<ARG1>The buyer will receive a certificate of transfer stating just that</ARG1>, but only after <ARG0>paying the auction price and a fee of $20 for the face value of the coin</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,179,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_179_0,"The tension in the crowd was broken with a burst of applause after the $5 million mark, and a louder explosion at $6 million.","<ARG1>The tension in the crowd was broken with a burst of applause</ARG1> after <ARG0>the $5 million mark</ARG0>, and a louder explosion at $6 million.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,187,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_187_1,"The coin was the only 1933 double eagle that has ever been legally offered for sale, and its Maltese Falconesque history only recently came to light, thanks to documents unearthed during the five-year legal battle over its ownership.","The coin was the only 1933 double eagle that has ever been legally offered for sale, and its Maltese Falconesque history only recently came to light, thanks to documents <ARG1>unearthed</ARG1> during <ARG0>the five-year legal battle over its ownership</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,208,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_208_0,"Your acceptance of a television and stereo CD player upon payment from David Chang of an amount you understood to be the cost to Mr. Chang, rather than fair market retail value, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and resulted in a violation of the Senate Gifts Rules (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules.","<ARG0>Your acceptance of a television and stereo CD player upon payment from David Chang of an amount you understood to be the cost to Mr. Chang, rather than fair market retail value</ARG0>, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and resulted in <ARG1>a violation of the Senate Gifts Rules (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,210,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_210_0,"Your acceptance on loan from Mr. Chang of bronze statues (eagle and bronco buster) for display in your Senate office under your office's policy of accepting the loan of home state artwork was not consistent with Senate rules governing such loans, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for the Senate rules and resulted in a violation of the Senate Gifts Rule (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules.","<ARG0>Your acceptance on loan from Mr. Chang of bronze statues (eagle and bronco buster) for display in your Senate office under your office's policy of accepting the loan of home state artwork</ARG0> was not consistent with Senate rules governing such loans, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for the Senate rules and resulted in <ARG1>a violation of the Senate Gifts Rule (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,212,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_212_0,"Your failure to act to prevent the acceptance of or to pay for gifts of earrings from Mr. Chang to individuals (your sister, an employee and a friend) in your home at Christmas on the mistaken belief that such items were of little value or were not gifts to you under the circumstances, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and resulted in a violation of the Senate Gifts Rule (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate Rule 34.","<ARG0>Your failure to act to prevent the acceptance of or to pay for gifts of earrings from Mr. Chang to individuals (your sister, an employee and a friend) in your home at Christmas on the mistaken belief that such items were of little value or were not gifts to you under the circumstances</ARG0>, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and resulted in <ARG1>a violation of the Senate Gifts Rule (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate Rule 34</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,220,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_220_0,"After evaluating the extensive body of evidence before it and your testimony, the committee is troubled by incongruities, inconsistencies and conflicts, particularly concerning actions taken by you which were or could have been of potential benefit to Mr. Chang.","After <ARG0>evaluating the extensive body of evidence before it and your testimony</ARG0>, <ARG1>the committee is troubled by incongruities, inconsistencies and conflicts, particularly concerning actions taken by you which were or could have been of potential benefit to Mr. Chang</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,224,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_224_0,". . expresses its determination that your actions and failure to act led to violations of Senate rules (and related statutes) and created at least the appearance of impropriety, and you are hereby severely admonished.",". . expresses its determination that <ARG0>your actions and failure to act</ARG0> led to <ARG1>violations of Senate rules (and related statutes)</ARG1> and created at least the appearance of impropriety, and you are hereby severely admonished.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,224,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_224_1,". . expresses its determination that your actions and failure to act led to violations of Senate rules (and related statutes) and created at least the appearance of impropriety, and you are hereby severely admonished.",". . expresses its determination that <ARG0>your actions and failure to act</ARG0> led to violations of Senate rules (and related statutes) and created <ARG1>at least the appearance of impropriety</ARG1>, and you are hereby severely admonished.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,228,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_228_0,". . as well as your commitment to pay for any item which the committee might conclude were in violation of the rules, and has further concluded that you must pay Chang an amount sufficient to bring the total to fair market retail value of the TV and CD player, as well as the fair market retail value of the earrings given to the three individuals at your home, with appropriate interest.",". . as well as your commitment to pay for any item which the committee might conclude were in violation of the rules, and has further concluded that you must pay Chang <ARG0>an amount</ARG0> sufficient to <ARG1>bring the total to fair market retail value of the TV and CD player</ARG1>, as well as the fair market retail value of the earrings given to the three individuals at your home, with appropriate interest.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,242,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_242_0,It can open doors to opportunity.,<ARG0>It</ARG0> can open doors to <ARG1>opportunity</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,244,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_244_0,"As governor, I'll make sure that every kid in New York has the same opportunity I had, to get a good education.""","As governor, <ARG0>I</ARG0>'ll make sure <ARG1>that every kid in New York has the same opportunity I had, to get a good education</ARG1>.""",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,256,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_256_0,"The court, vacating Nelson's death sentence for the second time, ruled on two grounds: that the jury could have been confused by instructions on the verdict sheet and that the prosecutor made improper accusations in his closing argument.","<ARG1>The court, vacating Nelson's death sentence for the second time, ruled</ARG1> on two grounds: that <ARG0>the jury could have been confused by instructions on the verdict sheet</ARG0> and that the prosecutor made improper accusations in his closing argument.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,256,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_256_1,"The court, vacating Nelson's death sentence for the second time, ruled on two grounds: that the jury could have been confused by instructions on the verdict sheet and that the prosecutor made improper accusations in his closing argument.","<ARG1>The court, vacating Nelson's death sentence for the second time, ruled</ARG1> on two grounds: that the jury could have been confused by instructions on the verdict sheet and that <ARG0>the prosecutor made improper accusations in his closing argument</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,258,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_258_0,"The ruling, which does not affect Nelson's guilty plea, sends the case back to the trial court for resentencing.","<ARG1>The ruling, which does not affect Nelson's guilty plea, sends the case back to the trial court</ARG1> for <ARG0>resentencing</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,264,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_264_0,"Zazzali and Long had expressed similar reservations in June 2001 when the court overturned the death sentence of Thomas J. Koskovich, who was 18 when he killed two pizza deliverymen in an ambush.","<ARG1>Zazzali and Long had expressed similar reservations in June 2001</ARG1> when <ARG0>the court overturned the death sentence of Thomas J. Koskovich, who was 18 when he killed two pizza deliverymen in an ambush</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,264,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_264_1,"Zazzali and Long had expressed similar reservations in June 2001 when the court overturned the death sentence of Thomas J. Koskovich, who was 18 when he killed two pizza deliverymen in an ambush.","Zazzali and Long had expressed similar reservations in June 2001 when the court overturned the death sentence of Thomas J. Koskovich, <ARG1>who was 18</ARG1> when <ARG0>he killed two pizza deliverymen in an ambush</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,267,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_267_0,"Two of the court's members, Chief Justice Deborah T. Poritz and Justice Peter G. Verniero, did not participate in the Nelson case because both are former attorneys general.","<ARG1>Two of the court's members, Chief Justice Deborah T. Poritz and Justice Peter G. Verniero, did not participate in the Nelson case</ARG1> because <ARG0>both are former attorneys general</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,269,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_269_0,"After undergoing sex change surgery in 1992, she pursued a career as an exotic dancer.","After <ARG0>undergoing sex change surgery in 1992</ARG0>, <ARG1>she pursued a career as an exotic dancer</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,270,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_270_0,"In April 1995, while she was living with her parents in Haddon Heights, outside Philadelphia, law enforcement officers arrived at the house with a warrant for Nelson's arrest on another weapons charge.","In April 1995, while <ARG0>she was living with her parents in Haddon Heights, outside Philadelphia</ARG0>, <ARG1>law enforcement officers arrived at the house with a warrant for Nelson's arrest on another weapons charge</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,271,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_271_0,"During a 14-hour standoff, she killed a patrolman and an investigator from the Camden County prosecutor's office.","During <ARG0>a 14-hour standoff</ARG0>, <ARG1>she killed a patrolman and an investigator from the Camden County prosecutor's office</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,276,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_276_0,"Marshall, an insurance agent from Toms River, was convicted of hiring a man to kill his wife while the couple were going home after an evening of dining and gambling in Atlantic City.","Marshall, an insurance agent from Toms River, was convicted of hiring a man to kill his wife while <ARG1>the couple were going home</ARG1> after <ARG0>an evening of dining and gambling in Atlantic City</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,280,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_280_0,"The latest example is Monday's re-sentencing of Saad Eddin Ibrahim, a sociologist and human rights activist, to seven years in prison for his efforts to register voters, monitor elections and report attacks on Egypt's Coptic Christians.","The latest example is <ARG1>Monday's re-sentencing of Saad Eddin Ibrahim, a sociologist and human rights activist, to seven years in prison</ARG1> for <ARG0>his efforts to register voters, monitor elections and report attacks on Egypt's Coptic Christians</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,282,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_282_0,"The verdict should be annulled, not just on humanitarian grounds but because his prosecution is an abrogation of the most basic standards of justice.","<ARG1>The verdict should be annulled</ARG1>, not just on humanitarian grounds but because <ARG0>his prosecution is an abrogation of the most basic standards of justice</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,288,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_288_0,Nor is it likely his sentence would have been reaffirmed if Mubarak believed that convicting an American citizen for promoting democracy and human rights might jeopardize his own standing with the Bush administration and the $2 billion annual American subsidy that keeps his government afloat.,Nor is it likely <ARG1>his sentence would have been reaffirmed</ARG1> if <ARG0>Mubarak believed that convicting an American citizen for promoting democracy and human rights might jeopardize his own standing with the Bush administration and the $2 billion annual American subsidy that keeps his government afloat</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,289,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_289_0,"That aid bonanza was granted to reward Mubarak's predecessor, Anwar Sadat, for signing a peace treaty with Israel.","<ARG1>That aid bonanza was granted</ARG1> to <ARG0>reward Mubarak's predecessor, Anwar Sadat, for signing a peace treaty with Israel</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,289,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_289_1,"That aid bonanza was granted to reward Mubarak's predecessor, Anwar Sadat, for signing a peace treaty with Israel.","That aid bonanza was granted to <ARG1>reward Mubarak's predecessor, Anwar Sadat</ARG1>, for <ARG0>signing a peace treaty with Israel</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,288,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_288_1,Nor is it likely his sentence would have been reaffirmed if Mubarak believed that convicting an American citizen for promoting democracy and human rights might jeopardize his own standing with the Bush administration and the $2 billion annual American subsidy that keeps his government afloat.,Nor is it likely his sentence would have been reaffirmed if Mubarak believed that <ARG1>convicting an American citizen</ARG1> for <ARG0>promoting democracy and human rights</ARG0> might jeopardize his own standing with the Bush administration and the $2 billion annual American subsidy that keeps his government afloat.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,276,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_276_1,"Marshall, an insurance agent from Toms River, was convicted of hiring a man to kill his wife while the couple were going home after an evening of dining and gambling in Atlantic City.","Marshall, an insurance agent from Toms River, was convicted of hiring a man to <ARG1>kill his wife</ARG1> while <ARG0>the couple were going home after an evening of dining and gambling in Atlantic City</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,261,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_261_0,"In its 5-to-0 decision in the Nelson case, the court showed continuing uneasiness with the death penalty, as it has done even since adopting a voluminous set of review procedures in 1999 to govern capital cases.","In its 5-to-0 decision in the Nelson case, the court showed continuing uneasiness with the death penalty, as <ARG1>it has done</ARG1> even since <ARG0>adopting a voluminous set of review procedures in 1999 to govern capital cases</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,263,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_263_0,"Justice James R. Zazzali and Justice Virginia Long said in a separate opinion that in addition to the reasons given in the majority opinion, also written by Zazzali, they believed the death penalty would constitute cruel and unusual punishment because of Nelson's history of emotional disturbance.","Justice James R. Zazzali and Justice Virginia Long said in a separate opinion that in addition to the reasons given in the majority opinion, also written by Zazzali, they believed <ARG1>the death penalty would constitute cruel and unusual punishment</ARG1> because of <ARG0>Nelson's history of emotional disturbance</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,282,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_282_1,"The verdict should be annulled, not just on humanitarian grounds but because his prosecution is an abrogation of the most basic standards of justice.","<ARG1>The verdict should be annulled</ARG1>, not just on <ARG0>humanitarian grounds</ARG0> but because his prosecution is an abrogation of the most basic standards of justice.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,165,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_165_0,"As auction houses prepare for their fall seasons in an uncertain economy, the sale price ""suggests that the marketplace for important items is enormously strong,"" said David Redden, a vice chairman at Sotheby's, who was the auctioneer.","As <ARG0>auction houses prepare for their fall seasons in an uncertain economy</ARG0>, <ARG1>the sale price ""suggests that the marketplace for important items is enormously strong</ARG1>,"" said David Redden, a vice chairman at Sotheby's, who was the auctioneer.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,199,2,because_20020731-nyt.ann_199_2,"His arrest in Manhattan, after attempting to sell the coin for $1.5 million, led to a court battle over whether -- thanks to the Treasury's mistaken export permission in 1944 -- the coin could be legally owned.","<ARG0>His arrest in Manhattan, after attempting to sell the coin for $1.5 million</ARG0>, led to <ARG1>a court battle over whether -- thanks to the Treasury's mistaken export permission in 1944 -- the coin could be legally owned.</ARG1>",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,193,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_193_1,"Presumably after being stolen by a mint employee, nine double eagles surfaced during the mid-1940s and 1950s.","Presumably after being stolen by a mint employee, <ARG1>nine double eagles surfaced</ARG1> during <ARG0>the mid-1940s and 1950s</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,249,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_249_0,"As for the claim about his success as comptroller, where he controls the state pension funds, there is no disputing the funds' growth during his terms, but some critics say it had more to do with the buoyancy of the stock market in the 1990s than skilled management.","As for the claim about his success as comptroller, where he controls the state pension funds, there is no disputing <ARG1>the funds' growth</ARG1> during <ARG0>his terms</ARG0>, but some critics say it had more to do with the buoyancy of the stock market in the 1990s than skilled management.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,303,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_303_0,"It is the right message, sent while it is still early enough to do something constructive about the disappointing quality of the work so far.","It is the right message, sent while it is still <ARG0>early enough</ARG0> to <ARG1>do something constructive about the disappointing quality of the work so far</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,305,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_305_0,"While rethinking the plans will delay the original rebuilding schedule slightly, it does not need to stall progress if the governor keeps the pressure on the Lower Manhattan Development Corp. and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.","While rethinking the plans will delay the original rebuilding schedule slightly, <ARG1>it does not need to stall progress</ARG1> if <ARG0>the governor keeps the pressure on the Lower Manhattan Development Corp. and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,310,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_310_0,"Opening the process to other designers, both here and internationally, will help separate this urban plan from the ordinary.","<ARG0>Opening the process to other designers, both here and internationally</ARG0>, will help <ARG1>separate this urban plan from the ordinary</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,317,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_317_0,"Now he needs to follow through with action, to keep demonstrating that his core concern is coming up with the best possible plan, not simply keeping the issue on hold until after this fall's election.","Now he needs to follow through with action, to keep demonstrating that his core concern is coming up with the best possible plan, not simply <ARG1>keeping the issue on hold</ARG1> until <ARG0>after this fall's election</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,328,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_328_0,"Bush argues that the regulatory mechanisms he has in mind for reaching Clear Skies' goals, chiefly a market-based emissions trading scheme, will be so effective that the need for many existing rules will disappear.","Bush argues that the regulatory mechanisms he has in mind for reaching Clear Skies' goals, chiefly a market-based emissions trading scheme, will be <ARG0>so effective</ARG0> that <ARG1>the need for many existing rules will disappear</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,333,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_333_0,"Indeed, Bush has already made clear his intention to roll back one of the most important of these regulations, a provision known as new source review that compels utilities to install modern pollution controls whenever they significantly upgrade older plants.","Indeed, Bush has already made clear his intention to roll back one of the most important of these regulations, a provision known as new source review <ARG0>that</ARG0> compels <ARG1>utilities</ARG1> to <ARG1>install modern pollution controls whenever they significantly upgrade older plants</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,168,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_168_1,"Henrietta Holsman Fore, the director of the U.S. Mint, who witnessed the sale, said, ""The monies we receive will go toward helping to pay down the debt and to fight the war on terrorism.""","Henrietta Holsman Fore, the director of the U.S. Mint, who witnessed the sale, said, ""<ARG0>The monies we receive</ARG0> will go toward helping to pay down the debt and to <ARG1>fight the war on terrorism</ARG1>.""",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,321,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_321_0,"Like Jeffords, the president calls for substantial reductions in three major pollutants -- the nitrogen oxides that produce smog, sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain, and mercury.","Like Jeffords, the president calls for substantial reductions in three major pollutants -- the nitrogen oxides that produce smog, sulfur dioxide, <ARG0>which</ARG0> causes <ARG1>acid rain</ARG1>, and mercury.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,321,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_321_1,"Like Jeffords, the president calls for substantial reductions in three major pollutants -- the nitrogen oxides that produce smog, sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain, and mercury.","Like Jeffords, the president calls for substantial reductions in three major pollutants -- the nitrogen oxides <ARG0>that</ARG0> produce <ARG1>smog</ARG1>, sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain, and mercury.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,333,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_333_1,"Indeed, Bush has already made clear his intention to roll back one of the most important of these regulations, a provision known as new source review that compels utilities to install modern pollution controls whenever they significantly upgrade older plants.","Indeed, Bush has already made clear his intention to roll back one of the most important of these regulations, a provision known as new source review that compels utilities to <ARG1>install modern pollution controls</ARG1> whenever <ARG0>they significantly upgrade older plants</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,252,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_252_0,"It also emphasizes leadership, an important campaign issue after Sept. 11.","It also emphasizes leadership, <ARG1>an important campaign issue</ARG1> after <ARG0>Sept. 11</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,204,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_204_0,"In a ceremony after the sale, Fore of the mint declared the coin the only 1933 double eagle ever to be legally issued by the U.S. government.","In <ARG1>a ceremony</ARG1> after <ARG0>the sale</ARG0>, Fore of the mint declared the coin the only 1933 double eagle ever to be legally issued by the U.S. government.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,235,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_235_0,"The action then shifts to him in an office, speaking to the camera, as the words ""Experience.","<ARG1>The action then shifts to him in an office, speaking to the camera</ARG1>, as <ARG0>the words ""Experience. </ARG0>",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,262,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_262_0,New Jersey has not had an execution since 1963.,<ARG1>New Jersey has not had an execution</ARG1> since <ARG0>1963</ARG0>.,0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,247,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_247_0,"He had the title of ambassador when he was at the United Nations, but he was not the chief of the American mission.","<ARG1>He had the title of ambassador</ARG1> when <ARG0>he was at the United Nations</ARG0>, but he was not the chief of the American mission.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,303,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_303_1,"It is the right message, sent while it is still early enough to do something constructive about the disappointing quality of the work so far.","It is the right message, <ARG1>sent</ARG1> while <ARG0>it is still early enough to do something constructive about the disappointing quality of the work so far</ARG0>.",1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,234,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_234_0,"A photograph of the candidate standing in his Army uniform next to his mother is shown, then the advertisement shifts to McCall talking about education, while images of the candidate looking at a computer screen with a small child and of him surrounded by children appear.","A photograph of the candidate standing in his Army uniform next to his mother is shown, then <ARG1>the advertisement shifts to McCall talking about education</ARG1>, while <ARG0>images of the candidate looking at a computer screen with a small child and of him surrounded by children appear</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,312,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_312_0,"At this point, planners have focused on short-term repair of PATH and subway lines, with medium-range proposals being shopped in Washington that could untangle the disorganized web of subway lines downtown.","<ARG1>At this point, planners have focused on short-term repair of PATH and subway lines</ARG1>, with <ARG0>medium-range proposals being shopped in Washington that could untangle the disorganized web of subway lines downtown</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,195,2,because_20020731-nyt.ann_195_2,"But before these coins came to light, the royal legation of Egypt turned up with one at the Department of the Treasury, and somehow got an official to issue an export license for the coin to enhance the collection of King Farouk.","But before these coins came to light, <ARG0>the royal legation of Egypt</ARG0> turned up with one at the Department of the Treasury, and somehow got <ARG1>an official</ARG1> to <ARG1>issue an export license for the coin</ARG1> to enhance the collection of King Farouk.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,179,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_179_1,"The tension in the crowd was broken with a burst of applause after the $5 million mark, and a louder explosion at $6 million.","<ARG1>The tension in the crowd was broken with</ARG1> a burst of applause after the $5 million mark, and <ARG1>a louder explosion</ARG1> at <ARG0>$6 million</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,201,2,because_20020731-nyt.ann_201_2,The coin once again escaped destruction when it was moved from the Treasury Department vault in 7 World Trade Center eight months before the building collapsed after the Sept. 11 terrorist attack.,The coin once again escaped destruction when <ARG0>it was moved from the Treasury Department vault in 7 World Trade Center</ARG0> eight months before <ARG1>the building collapsed after the Sept. 11 terrorist attack</ARG1>.,1,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,208,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_208_1,"Your acceptance of a television and stereo CD player upon payment from David Chang of an amount you understood to be the cost to Mr. Chang, rather than fair market retail value, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and resulted in a violation of the Senate Gifts Rules (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules.","<ARG0>Your ac<ARG1>ceptance of a television and stereo CD player upon payment from David Chang of an amount you understood to be the cost to Mr. Chang, rather than fair market retail value</ARG0>,</ARG1> evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and <ARG1>resulte<ARG0>d in</ARG1> a violation of the Senate Gifts Rules (35)</ARG0> and, consequently, <ARG1>a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,210,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_210_1,"Your acceptance on loan from Mr. Chang of bronze statues (eagle and bronco buster) for display in your Senate office under your office's policy of accepting the loan of home state artwork was not consistent with Senate rules governing such loans, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for the Senate rules and resulted in a violation of the Senate Gifts Rule (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules.","<ARG0>Your ac<ARG1>ceptance on loan from Mr. Chang of bronze statues (eagle and bronco buster) for display in your Senate office under your office's policy of accepting the loan of home state artwork</ARG0></ARG1> was not consistent with Senate rules governing such loans, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for the Senate rules and <ARG1>resulte<ARG0>d in</ARG1> a violation of the Senate Gifts Rule (35)</ARG0> and, consequently, <ARG1>a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,212,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_212_1,"Your failure to act to prevent the acceptance of or to pay for gifts of earrings from Mr. Chang to individuals (your sister, an employee and a friend) in your home at Christmas on the mistaken belief that such items were of little value or were not gifts to you under the circumstances, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and resulted in a violation of the Senate Gifts Rule (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate Rule 34.","<ARG0>Your fa<ARG1>ilure to act to prevent the acceptance of or to pay for gifts of earrings from Mr. Chang to individuals (your sister, an employee and a friend) in your home at Christmas on the mistaken belief that such items were of little value or were not gifts to you under the circumstances</ARG0></ARG1>, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and <ARG1>resulte<ARG0>d in</ARG1> a violation of the Senate Gifts Rule (35)</ARG0> and, consequently, <ARG1>a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate Rule 34</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,234,1,because_20020731-nyt.ann_234_1,"A photograph of the candidate standing in his Army uniform next to his mother is shown, then the advertisement shifts to McCall talking about education, while images of the candidate looking at a computer screen with a small child and of him surrounded by children appear.","<ARG0>A photograph of the candidate standing in his Army uniform next to his mother is shown</ARG0>, then <ARG1>the advertisement shifts to McCall talking about education, while images of the candidate looking at a computer screen with a small child and of him surrounded by children appear</ARG1>.",0,0,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,287,0,because_20020731-nyt.ann_287_0,Ibrahim might never have been tried had he not written an article taking note of Mubarak's efforts to create a presidential dynasty.,<ARG1>Ibrahim might never have been tried</ARG1> <ARG0>had he not written an article taking note of Mubarak's efforts to create a presidential dynasty</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,20020731-nyt.ann,208,2,because_20020731-nyt.ann_208_2,"Your acceptance of a television and stereo CD player upon payment from David Chang of an amount you understood to be the cost to Mr. Chang, rather than fair market retail value, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and resulted in a violation of the Senate Gifts Rules (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules.","<ARG1>Your acceptance of a television and stereo CD player</ARG1> upon <ARG0>payment from David Chang of an amount you understood to be the cost to Mr. Chang, rather than fair market retail value</ARG0>, evidenced poor judgment, displayed a lack of due regard for Senate rules and resulted in a violation of the Senate Gifts Rules (35) and, consequently, a violation of your public disclosure obligations under Senate rules.",1,0,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,2,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_2_0,"I often feel as if I only get half the story sometimes, so I typically do a massive amount of reporting that is most often much more than I will ever need.","<ARG0>I often feel as if I only get half the story sometimes</ARG0>, so <ARG1>I typically do a massive amount of reporting that is most often much more than I will ever need</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,3,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_3_0,I think that is why I welcomed doing a book--it gives one the ability to use so much of what is left on the cutting room floor of daily journalism.,I think <ARG0>that</ARG0> is why <ARG1>I welcomed doing a book</ARG1>--it gives one the ability to use so much of what is left on the cutting room floor of daily journalism.,1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,6,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_6_0,"Much of it, of course, using the standards of top newspapers, cannot be used since it is largely gossip we are repeating, although it certainly could make for some very good stories.","<ARG1>Much of it, of course, using the standards of top newspapers, cannot be used</ARG1> since <ARG0>it is largely gossip we are repeating</ARG0>, although it certainly could make for some very good stories.",1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,7,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_7_0,I often wonder when a really great fictional book will be written about this era (probably decades and decades hence as it is too close).,I often wonder when a really great fictional book will be written about this era (<ARG1>probably decades and decades hence</ARG1> as <ARG0>it is too close</ARG0>).,1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,8,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_8_0,"In any case, there certainly is no lack of information available about the moguls of technology now as they all become our current pop icons.","In any case, <ARG1>there certainly is no lack of information available about the moguls of technology now</ARG1> as <ARG0>they all become our current pop icons</ARG0>.",0,0,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,15,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_15_0,"While I did not attend the trial--I was lucky to be able to read your highly amusing and informative dispatches, several of which made me spit up my lunch laughing--it certainly seemed as if the image of Bill Gates took a beating and the insular culture of Microsoft did not look so good.","While I did not attend the trial--I was lucky to be able to read your highly amusing and informative dispatches, <ARG0>several of which</ARG0> made <ARG1>me spit up my lunch laughing</ARG1>--it certainly seemed as if the image of Bill Gates took a beating and the insular culture of Microsoft did not look so good.",1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,16,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_16_0,"That's ironic, since I think it was just that insularity that helped them, much in the same way that AOL has benefited from being in the Virginia suburbs rather than in Silicon Valley.","<ARG1>That's ironic</ARG1>, since <ARG0>I think it was just that insularity that helped them, much in the same way that AOL has benefited from being in the Virginia suburbs rather than in Silicon Valley</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,17,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_17_0,"AOL would never have existed if it had been founded here, I am sure, since its employees would have been mocked into obscurity by the digerati.","<ARG1>AOL would never have existed</ARG1> if <ARG0>it had been founded here</ARG0>, I am sure, since its employees would have been mocked into obscurity by the digerati.",1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,17,1,because_Article247_3500.ann_17_1,"AOL would never have existed if it had been founded here, I am sure, since its employees would have been mocked into obscurity by the digerati.","<ARG1>AOL would never have existed if it had been founded here</ARG1>, I am sure, since <ARG0>its employees would have been mocked into obscurity by the digerati</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,21,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_21_0,"I think it almost does not matter what the judge does since it's clear that the balance of power is shifting again, although it not clear where it will land.","<ARG1>I think it almost does not matter what the judge does</ARG1> since <ARG0>it's clear that the balance of power is shifting again, although it not clear where it will land</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,23,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_23_0,Or will it be none of them because the Internet allows and encourages a plethora of strong companies and a complex interconnection of businesses where none are allowed to dominate?,Or <ARG1>will it be none of them</ARG1> because <ARG0>the Internet allows and encourages a plethora of strong companies and a complex interconnection of businesses where none are allowed to dominate</ARG0>?,1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,24,0,because_Article247_3500.ann_24_0,I always use two simple words when people tell me that one company--whether it is AOL or Microsoft or Disney--is in charge of all our destinies: Babylon was.,<ARG1>I always use two simple words</ARG1> when <ARG0>people tell me that one company--whether it is AOL or Microsoft or Disney--is in charge of all our destinies</ARG0>: Babylon was.,0,0,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,16,1,because_Article247_3500.ann_16_1,"That's ironic, since I think it was just that insularity that helped them, much in the same way that AOL has benefited from being in the Virginia suburbs rather than in Silicon Valley.","That's ironic, since I think it was just that insularity that helped them, much in the same way that <ARG1>AOL has benefited</ARG1> from <ARG0>being in the Virginia suburbs rather than in Silicon Valley</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,Article247_3500.ann,17,2,because_Article247_3500.ann_17_2,"AOL would never have existed if it had been founded here, I am sure, since its employees would have been mocked into obscurity by the digerati.","AOL would never have existed if it had been founded here, I am sure, since its employees would have been <ARG0>mocked</ARG0> into <ARG1>obscurity</ARG1> by the digerati.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,6,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_6_0,"Roe vs. Wade , the 1973 case legalizing abortion, made fetal viability an important legal concept .","<ARG0>Roe vs. Wade , the 1973 case legalizing abortion</ARG0>, made <ARG1>fetal viability an important legal concept</ARG1> .",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,7,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_7_0,"The Supreme Court ruled that states cannot put the interests of a fetus ahead of the interests of the pregnant woman until the fetus is ""viable.""","The Supreme Court ruled that <ARG1>states cannot put the interests of a fetus ahead of the interests of the pregnant woman</ARG1> until <ARG0>the fetus is ""viable.""</ARG0>",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,11,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_11_0,"Because the point of viability varies, the court ruled, it could only be determined case by case and by the woman's own doctor.","Because <ARG0>the point of viability varies</ARG0>, the court ruled, <ARG1>it could only be determined case by case and by the woman's own doctor</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,12,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_12_0,"Even if the fetus is viable, the court said, states could not outlaw an abortion if the woman's life or health was at stake.","Even if the fetus is viable, the court said, <ARG1>states could not outlaw an abortion</ARG1> if <ARG0>the woman's life or health was at stake</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,18,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_18_0,But no baby has ever been successfully delivered before the middle of the 22 nd week.,But <ARG0>no baby has ever been successfully delivered</ARG0> before <ARG1>the middle of the 22 nd week</ARG1>.,0,0,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,20,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_20_0,Their lungs have barely formed and their airways are not developed enough to inhale.,Their lungs have barely formed and their airways are not <ARG0>developed enough</ARG0> to <ARG1>inhale</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,21,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_21_0,Circulation depends on the use of ventilators and injections of hormones.,<ARG1>Circulation</ARG1> depends on <ARG0>the use of ventilators and injections of hormones</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,24,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_24_0,"Neonatologists predict that no baby will ever be viable before the 22 nd week, because before then the lungs are not fully formed.","<ARG1>Neonatologists predict that no baby will ever be viable before the 22 nd week</ARG1>, because <ARG0>before then the lungs are not fully formed</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,24,1,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_24_1,"Neonatologists predict that no baby will ever be viable before the 22 nd week, because before then the lungs are not fully formed.","Neonatologists predict that <ARG0>no baby will ever be viable</ARG0> before <ARG1>the 22 nd week</ARG1>, because before then the lungs are not fully formed.",1,0,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,24,2,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_24_2,"Neonatologists predict that no baby will ever be viable before the 22 nd week, because before then the lungs are not fully formed.","Neonatologists predict that no baby will ever be viable before the 22 nd week, because before <ARG1>then</ARG1> <ARG0>the lungs are not fully formed</ARG0>.",1,0,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,26,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_26_0,"By the 30 th week, when a newborn doesn't require a ventilator to breathe, it has a 90 percent chance of survival.","By the 30 th week, when a newborn doesn't require <ARG0>a ventilator</ARG0> to <ARG1>breathe</ARG1>, it has a 90 percent chance of survival.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,27,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_27_0,And only after the 30 th week do the risks of long-term brain damage begin to substantially subside.,And only after <ARG0>the 30 th week</ARG0> <ARG1>do the risks of long-term brain damage begin to substantially subside</ARG1>.,0,0,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,28,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_28_0,"Because premature babies depend on technology, survival rates vary based on access to that technology .","Because <ARG0>premature babies depend on technology</ARG0>, <ARG1>survival rates vary based on access to that technology</ARG1> .",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,31,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_31_0,"Sonograms allow doctors to estimate the fetus's weight, which correlates with the lungs' development, and to look for signs--such as the development of functioning eyelids and creases in the skin--that coincide with the onset of a functioning respiratory system.","<ARG0>Sonograms</ARG0> allow <ARG1>doctors</ARG1> to <ARG1>estimate the fetus's weight, which correlates with the lungs' development</ARG1>, and to look for signs--such as the development of functioning eyelids and creases in the skin--that coincide with the onset of a functioning respiratory system.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,31,1,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_31_1,"Sonograms allow doctors to estimate the fetus's weight, which correlates with the lungs' development, and to look for signs--such as the development of functioning eyelids and creases in the skin--that coincide with the onset of a functioning respiratory system.","<ARG0>Sonograms</ARG0> allow doctors to estimate the fetus's weight, which correlates with the lungs' development, and to <ARG1>look for signs--such as the development of functioning eyelids and creases in the skin--that coincide with the onset of a functioning respiratory system</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,33,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_33_0,"Despite important Supreme Court decisions since 1973 modifying the doctrine of Roe , the court's thinking about fetal viability has remained fairly constant .","Despite <ARG1>important Supreme Court decisions</ARG1> since <ARG0>1973</ARG0> modifying the doctrine of Roe , the court's thinking about fetal viability has remained fairly constant .",0,0,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,34,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_34_0,"The only significant revision came in the Casey decision (1992), which made viability even more important.","The only significant revision came in the Casey decision (1992), <ARG0>which</ARG0> made <ARG1>viability even more important</ARG1>.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,35,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_35_0,The court said that state laws could require a woman and her doctor to perform tests to prove that a fetus is not viable before she obtains an abortion.,The court said that <ARG0>state laws</ARG0> could require <ARG1>a woman and her doctor</ARG1> to <ARG1>perform tests to prove that a fetus is not viable before she obtains an abortion</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,35,1,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_35_1,The court said that state laws could require a woman and her doctor to perform tests to prove that a fetus is not viable before she obtains an abortion.,The court said that state laws could require a woman and her doctor to <ARG1>perform tests</ARG1> to <ARG0>prove that a fetus is not viable before she obtains an abortion</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,35,2,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_35_2,The court said that state laws could require a woman and her doctor to perform tests to prove that a fetus is not viable before she obtains an abortion.,The court said that state laws could require a woman and her doctor to <ARG0>perform tests to prove that a fetus is not viable</ARG0> before <ARG1>she obtains an abortion</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,37,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_37_0,Some allow doctors to decide for themselves if the fetus is viable.,<ARG0>Some</ARG0> allow <ARG1>doctors</ARG1> to <ARG1>decide for themselves if the fetus is viable</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,23,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_23_0,"And about half of these survivors are brain-damaged, either by lack of oxygen (from poor initial respiration) or too much oxygen (from the ventilator).","And about half of these survivors are brain-damaged, either by <ARG1>lack of oxygen</ARG1> (from <ARG0>poor initial respiration</ARG0>) or too much oxygen (from the ventilator).",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,23,1,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_23_1,"And about half of these survivors are brain-damaged, either by lack of oxygen (from poor initial respiration) or too much oxygen (from the ventilator).","And about half of these survivors are brain-damaged, either by lack of oxygen (from poor initial respiration) or <ARG1>too much oxygen</ARG1> (from <ARG0>the ventilator</ARG0>).",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,38,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_38_0,Some require doctors to perform tests to prove a fetus is pre-viable and require multiple doctors to certify the findings.,<ARG0>Some</ARG0> require <ARG1>doctors</ARG1> to <ARG1>perform tests to prove a fetus is pre-viable</ARG1> and require multiple doctors to certify the findings.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,38,1,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_38_1,Some require doctors to perform tests to prove a fetus is pre-viable and require multiple doctors to certify the findings.,Some require doctors to <ARG1>perform tests</ARG1> to <ARG0>prove a fetus is pre-viable</ARG0> and require multiple doctors to certify the findings.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,38,2,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_38_2,Some require doctors to perform tests to prove a fetus is pre-viable and require multiple doctors to certify the findings.,<ARG0>Some</ARG0> require doctors to perform tests to prove a fetus is pre-viable and require <ARG1>multiple doctors</ARG1> to <ARG1>certify the findings</ARG1>.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,39,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_39_0,Eleven states have banned the procedure called intact dilation and extraction (IDE)--also known as partial-birth abortion --in the belief that this procedure is used mainly post-viability.,<ARG1>Eleven states have banned the procedure called intact dilation and extraction (IDE)--also known as partial-birth abortion</ARG1> --in <ARG0>the belief that this procedure is used mainly post-viability</ARG0>.,1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,43,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_43_0,"Pro-choicers say the ban on IDEs is inconsistent with Roe , because the procedure can be used to abort pre-viable fetuses.","Pro-choicers say <ARG1>the ban on IDEs is inconsistent with Roe</ARG1> , because <ARG0>the procedure can be used to abort pre-viable fetuses</ARG0>.",1,1,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,44,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_44_0,Some medical ethicists and constitutional scholars say that the Supreme Court was wrong to create the pre-viability/post-viability distinction in the first place.,Some medical ethicists and constitutional scholars say that <ARG0>the Supreme Court</ARG0> was wrong to create <ARG1>the pre-viability/post-viability distinction</ARG1> in the first place.,0,0,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,49,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_49_0,Less than one percent of all abortions performed take place after the 21 st week.,<ARG1>Less than one percent of all abortions performed take place</ARG1> after <ARG0>the 21 st week</ARG0>.,0,0,,1
because,ArticleIP_1060.ann,50,0,because_ArticleIP_1060.ann_50_0,"In 1992, only 1,070 abortions were performed after the 25 th week","In 1992, <ARG1>only 1,070 abortions were performed</ARG1> after <ARG0>the 25 th week</ARG0>",0,0,,1