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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A neonate born at 33 weeks is transferred to the NICU after a complicated pregnancy and C-section. A week after being admitted, he developed a fever and become lethargic and minimally responsive to stimuli. A lumbar puncture is performed that reveals the following: Appearance Cloudy Protein 64 mg/dL Glucose 22 mg/dL ... | D: Start the patient on IV cefotaxime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents to the dermatology clinic for a follow-up of worsening acne. She has previously tried topical tretinoin as well as topical and oral antibiotics with no improvement. She recently moved to the area for college and says the acne has caused significant emotional distress when it comes to maki... | D: Document 2 negative urine or blood pregnancy tests before beginning oral isotretinoin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine examination. He feels well. His pulse is 80/min and blood pressure is 140/85 mm Hg. Cardiac examination shows a holosystolic murmur in the 4th intercostal space along the left sternal border that gets louder during inspiration. The increase of this patient's murm... | B: Increased right ventricular stroke volume |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents with a dry cough. The patient’s mother states that the cough started a week ago and has not improved. She says the patient will have fits of forceful coughing that will last for minutes, followed by gasping as he catches his breath. Occasionally, the patient will vomit after one of these epi... | B: Paroxysmal stage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old primigravid woman is brought to the emergency department after complaining of severe abdominal pain for 3 hours. She has had no prenatal care. There is no leakage of amniotic fluid. Since arrival, she has had 5 contractions in 10 minutes, each lasting 70 to 90 seconds. Pelvic examination shows a closed ... | A: Esophageal atresia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16 year-old female is being evaluated for shortness of breath. For the last year she has had shortness of breath and subjective wheezing with exercise and intermittent coughing at night. She reports waking up from sleep coughing 1-2 times per month. She now skips gym class because of her symptoms. She denies any co... | A: Methacholine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for treatment of burn wounds on his upper extremities. Analgesic therapy with an opioid drug is begun. Shortly after, the patient develops chills, diaphoresis, nausea, and abdominal pain. On further questioning, the patient reports that he has been smoking opium at home t... | E: Butorphanol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of heartburn for the past 2 years. He has no chest pain, dysphagia, weight loss, or fever. He has no history of any serious illnesses. He takes omeprazole daily. Vital signs are within normal limits. Body mass index (BMI) is 34 kg/m2. Physical exam shows no abnormaliti... | E: Multiple endoscopic biopsies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old male is brought into the emergency department by emergency medical services. The patient has a history of bipolar disease complicated by polysubstance use. He was found down in his apartment at the bottom of a staircase lying on his left arm. He was last seen several hours earlier by his roommate. He is... | E: Calcium gluconate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of double vision and rapidly worsening pain and swelling of her right eye. She had an upper respiratory tract infection a week ago after which she has had nasal congestion, recurrent headaches, and a purulent nasal discharge. She to... | C: Pain with eye movements |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with a 60 pack-year smoking history is referred by his primary care physician for a pulmonary function test (PFT). A previously obtained chest x-ray is shown below. Which of the following will most likely appear in his PFT report?? {'A': 'Residual volume increased, total lung capacity decreased', 'B... | B: Residual volume increased, total lung capacity increased |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Fourteen days after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, a 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of persistent episodic epigastric pain for 3 days. The pain radiates to her back, occurs randomly throughout the day, and is associated with nausea and vomiting. Each episode lasts 30 m... | B: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to the office complaining of an extreme, nonradiating stabbing pain in the epigastric region after having a meal. She states that it has happened several times in the past week approximately 30 minutes after eating and spontaneously resolves. A day before, the patient went to urgent care ... | A: Superior mesenteric artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man is seen in the emergency department for back pain that has been getting progressively worse over the last 4 days. Upon further questioning, he also notes that he has been having a tingling and burning sensation rising up from his feet to his knees bilaterally. The patient states he is having difficu... | D: MRI |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents with a long history of ulcers on the bottom of his feet. He recalls having a similar looking ulcer on the side of his penis when he was 19 years old for which he never sought treatment. The patient denies any fever, chills, or constitutional symptoms. He reports multiple sexual partners and... | C: Positive Romberg's sign |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents for a checkup. The patient says he has to urinate quite frequently but denies any dysuria or pain on urination. Past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension, both managed medically, as well as a chronic mild cough for the past several years. Current medi... | E: Start exenatide. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman presents to the clinic with complaints of constipation for the past 2 weeks. She reports that it has been getting increasingly difficult to pass stool to the point that she would go for 2-3 days without going to the bathroom. Prior to this, she passed stool every day without difficulty. She denies... | E: Inhibition of sodium-phosphate cotransporter at the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a complaint of rectal bleeding. He describes blood mixed in with the stool, which is associated with a change in his normal bowel habit such that he is going more frequently than normal. He also has some crampy left-sided abdominal pain and weight loss. His ... | B: Increasing age |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old male presents to the emergency department for fatigue and lethargy. Upon presentation, the patient is found to be severely dehydrated. The patient's mother says that he has been having non-bloody diarrhea for a day. She also says that the patient has not received any vaccinations after 6 months and curre... | D: Rotavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for the evaluation of delay in attaining developmental milestones. He could sit upright by 14 months and has not been able to walk without support. He can build a tower of 3 blocks and cannot use utensils to feed himself. He speaks in unclear 2-word phrases a... | D: Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents with the complaint of loose and watery stools for the past 3 days. He is now having bowel movements four to five times a day. He denies any blood or mucus in the stool. He also complains of abdominal pain and fatigue. Furthermore, he feels nauseous and does not feel like drinking anything. ... | D: Loop of Henle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old male presents to the ER with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. He does not have a prior history of seizures and has not taken any drugs except for his daily asthma medication. Which of the following is associated with seizures:? {'A': 'Albuterol', 'B': 'Ipratropium', 'C': 'Cromolyn', 'D': 'Theophylline... | D: Theophylline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question This patient is at greatest risk of damage to which of the following cardiovascular structures?" "Patient Information Age: 44 years Gender: M, self-identified Ethnicity: Caucasian Site of Care: office History Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “I am thirsty all t... | D: Cardiac conduction system |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman presents with altered taste and a gritty sensation in her eyes for the last month. She mentions that she needs to drink water frequently and often feels that her mouth and throat are dry. On physical examination, she has bilateral enlargement of the parotid glands and dry conjunctivae. Her physica... | E: Selective M3 muscarinic receptor agonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man with alcoholism comes to the emergency department because of vomiting blood for 6 hours. He has had 3–4 episodes in which he has vomited dark red blood during this period. He has had no epigastric pain or tarry stools. On arrival, his temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 134/min, and blood press... | E: Variceal ligation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to his primary care practitioner for 2 months of rectal bleeding. He also reports occasional diarrhea and abdominal pain. His family history is relevant for his father and uncle, who died from complications of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy shows more than 10 colorectal adenomas. Which of t... | C: APC |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old male is taken to the emergency room after jumping from a building. Bilateral fractures to the femur were stabilized at the scene by emergency medical technicians. The patient is lucid upon questioning and his vitals are stable. Pain only at his hips was elicited. Cervical exam was not performed. What is... | C: Anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of hips, knees, lumbar, and cervical area |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the dermatology clinic to have a basal cell carcinoma excised from his upper back. The lesion measures 2.3 x 3.2 cm. He has a medical history significant for hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II, for which he takes lisinopril and metformin, respectively. He has had a basal cell car... | A: Local anesthesia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife because of strange behavior and emotional outbursts for the past 6 months. He was previously healthy and physically active, but he recently started binge-eating candy and stopped exercising. He was fired from his job for inappropriate behavior after he undress... | A: Frontal cortex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-month-old infant is brought in by his parents because he is vomiting and not passing stool. His parents say he has vomited multiple times over the past couple of hours, but the most recent vomit was green. The patient has no significant past medical history. On physical examination, the patient is irritable and ... | E: Intussusception |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increased urinary frequency and pain on urination for two days. She has had three similar episodes over the past year that resolved with antibiotic treatment. She has no history of serious illness. She is sexually active with one male partner; they do not use barr... | E: Daily oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient presents to the emergency department with arm pain. The patient recently experienced an open fracture of his radius when he fell from a ladder while cleaning his house. Surgical reduction took place and the patient's forearm was put in a cast. Since then, the patient has experienced worsening pain in his ar... | E: Emergency fasciotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for a wellness visit. Upon examination, the physician notes severe burns on the sun-exposed areas of the skin, including the face (especially the ears and nose), dorsal aspect of the hands, shoulders, and dorsal aspect of his feet. The child has very fair skin and blon... | C: UV-B radiation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three days after undergoing an open cholecystectomy, a 73-year-old man has fever and abdominal pain. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He had smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years but quit 1 year ago. He does not drink al... | D: Bladder outlet obstruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of increasingly frequent headaches. He also reports that his hats and wedding ring do not fit anymore. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 145/80 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 16/min. Physical examination is notable for... | D: Carpal tunnel syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of shortness of breath at rest and with exertion. He also complains of difficulty breathing while lying down. He also is concerned because he startles from sleep and feels like he is choking. These symptoms have been bothering him for the last several weeks and the... | B: Captopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought in by his daughter who is concerned about his recent memory impairment. The patient’s daughter says she has noticed impairment in memory and functioning for the past month. She says that he has forgotten to pay bills and go shopping, and, as a result, the electricity was cut off due to no... | A: Pseudodementia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, cough, and chest pain. Physical examination shows diffuse inspiratory crackles over the left lung field. An x-ray of the chest shows hilar lymphadenopathy and well-defined nodules with central calcifications. Ur... | E: Exposure to bat droppings |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Researchers are studying the relationship between heart disease and alcohol consumption. They review the electronic medical records of 500 patients at a local hospital during the study period and identify the presence or absence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on the day o... | C: Cross-sectional study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to his primary care provider for abdominal pain. He reports that he has had a dull, burning pain for several months that has progressively gotten worse. He also notes a weight loss of about five pounds over that time frame. The patient endorses nausea and feels that the pain is worse after ... | C: Medication use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man being treated for major depressive disorder returns to his psychiatrist complaining that he has grown weary of the sexual side effects. Which other medication used to treat major depressive disorder may be appropriate as a stand-alone or add-on therapy?? {'A': 'Paroxetine', 'B': 'Venlafaxine', 'C': ... | D: Buproprion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a severe pulsatile headache for an hour. He says that he is having palpitations as well. He adds that he has had several episodes of headache in the past which resolved without seeking medical attention. He is a non-smoker and does not drink alcohol. He deni... | B: Phenoxybenzamine followed by propanolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is comparing the risk of adverse effects among various antiarrhythmic medications. One of the drugs being studied primarily acts by blocking the outward flow of K+ during myocyte repolarization. Further investigation shows that the use of this drug is associated with a lower rate of ventricular tachyc... | E: Amiodarone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents with fatigue, progressive abdominal distention and yellow skin coloration for the past 2 weeks. He denies fever, chills, or other symptoms. Past medical history is unremarkable. He reports heavy alcohol consumption for the past several years but says he quit recently. On physical examinatio... | C: Alcoholic liver disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A recent study attempted to analyze whether increased "patient satisfaction" driven healthcare resulted in increased hospitalization. Using this patient population, the sociodemographics, health status, and hospital use were assessed. Next year, patient satisfaction with health care providers was assessed using 5 ite... | C: Prospective cohort |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of episodes of pounding headache, chest fluttering, and excessive sweating. He has a past history of kidney stones that are composed of calcium oxalate. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. Family history reveals that his mother died of thyroid cancer.... | B: RET proto-oncogene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for fatigue. The patient states that he has not been sleeping well and requests sleep medication to help him with his fatigue. He recently changed his diet to try to increase his energy and has been on a vegetarian diet for the past several months. The patient ... | E: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 3-hour history of pain and redness of both eyes. He has new blurry vision and difficulty opening his eyes in bright surroundings. He has not had any recent trauma. He uses contact lenses daily. He had surgery on his left eye 6 months ago after a penetra... | B: Autoimmune reaction against retinal antigens |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath and chest pain for the past week. She says her chest pain is aggravated by deep breathing and she becomes short of breath while walking upstairs in her home. She also has been feeling feverish and fatigued for the past week, as well as pain in her wrists, hands, a... | D: Fas-FasL interaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying severely ill patients who experience hypoglycemia and ketonuria during times of fasting. The investigator determines that during these episodes, amino acids liberated from muscle proteins are metabolized to serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis. Nitrogen from this process is transported ... | C: Alanine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency room with an acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-four hours after admission to the cardiac intensive care unit, he develops oliguria. Laboratory tests show that his serum BUN is 59 mg/dL and his serum creatinine is 6.2 mg/dL. Renal biopsy reveals necrosis of the proximal tu... | C: Muddy brown casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man comes to the physician because of episodic palpitations for the past 2 months. He has the feeling that sometimes his heart “skips a beat”. His father has a history of atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 5 years. He drinks 1–2 beers on the wee... | E: Smoking cessation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman is rushed to the emergency room after falling on her right elbow while walking down the stairs. She cannot raise her right arm. Her vital signs are stable, and the physical examination reveals loss of sensation over the upper lateral aspect of the right arm and shoulder. A radiologic evaluation sh... | B: Teres minor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to his gastroenterologist for trouble swallowing. The patient states that whenever he eats solids, he regurgitates them back up. Given this patient's suspected diagnosis, the gastroenterologist performs a diagnostic test. Several hours later, the patient presents to the emergency department... | D: Gastrografin swallow |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A four-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician by his mother for recurrent nosebleeds. The mother reports that the boy has had five nosebleeds within the past 2 weeks, each lasting between 15 and 20 minutes. The patient was born at term and has been hospitalized twice for pneumonia treatment. There is no family h... | A: Defect in DNA crosslink repair |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to the physician with numbness and weakness in both legs for about a day. He also mentions that both thighs ache. His past medical history is not significant except for some diarrhea about 3 weeks ago. On physical examination, his temperature is 37.2ºC (99.0ºF), pulse rate is 108/min and re... | B: Decreased neuronal excitability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Confident of your performance on Step 1 given your extensive utilization of Medbullets, you preemptively start to ponder your future specialty choice. You come across an analysis of lifestyle factors and how they affect medical student specialty choices. Image A depicts two scatter plots comparing the relationship be... | D: Median income has a stronger correlation with matching difficulty than weekly work hours |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man undergoes parathyroidectomy for treatment-resistant hyperparathyroidism. The procedure is complicated by brisk bleeding from an artery that travels along the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. To stop the bleeding, the artery is ligated at its origin. Which of the following is most lik... | C: External carotid artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a progressively worsening cough, wheezes, and chest tightness over the last 2 days. He has a history of moderate persistent asthma and his maintenance regimen consists of an inhaled corticosteroid, a long-acting beta-agonist, and albuterol as rescue therapy.... | E: Respiratory acidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her father because of a change in her behavior over the past 8 months. The father says that his daughter has become increasingly withdrawn; she has not answered any phone calls or visited her family and friends. The patient says that she has to stay at home because a... | A: Schizophrenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician's office by his parents for a scheduled visit. His father tells the physician that he has observed, on several occasions, that his son has difficulty breathing. This is more prominent when he is outside playing with his friends. These symptoms are increased during the s... | B: Inhaled albuterol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man presents with bloody diarrhea and weight loss. He undergoes endoscopic biopsy which shows pseudopolyps. Biopsies taken during the endoscopy show inflammation only involving the mucosa and submucosa. He is diagnosed with an inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following was most likely found?? {... | D: Rectal involvement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of bilateral arm numbness. He was involved in a motor vehicle accident 3 months ago. His past medical history is notable for obesity and psoriatic arthritis. He takes adalimumab. His temperature is 99.3°F (37.4°C), blood pressure is 130/85 mmHg, puls... | A: Ventral white commissure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old Caucasian male with past medical history of HIV (CD4: 77/mm^3), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and osteoarthritis presents to the emergency department with sudden weakness of his right hand. He reports that the weakness has gradually been getting worse and that this morning he dropped his cup of coffee. ... | C: Head CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes to the physician because of a 12-hour history of profuse watery diarrhea with flecks of mucus that started shortly after she returned from a trip to South America. She has not had any fever or nausea. Pulse is 104/min and blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg. Physical examination shows dry mucous m... | C: Luminal chloride hypersecretion due to overactivation of adenylate cyclase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl comes to her primary care physician for an annual check-up. She has no specific complaints. Her medical history is significant for asthma. She uses an albuterol inhaler as needed. She has no notable surgical history. Her mom had breast cancer and her grandfather died of colon cancer. She received a... | E: No HPV-related screening and administer HPV vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy with beta thalassemia requires regular blood transfusions a few times per month because of persistent anemia. He is scheduled for a splenectomy in the next several months. Samples obtained from the boy’s red blood cells show a malformed protein with a length of 160 amino acids (in normal, healthy red... | E: Splice site mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has been unable to conceive for 2 years. The patient also reports monthly episodes of pelvic and back pain accompanied by painful diarrhea for 6 years. She takes naproxen for the pain, which has provided some relief. Menses have occurred at regular 28-day interva... | A: Endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old man presents to his primary care provider because of chest pain with activity for the past 6 months. Past medical history is significant for appendectomy at age 12 and, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type 2 that is poorly controlled. He takes metformin and lisinopril but admits that he is bad at re... | A: Diabetes mellitus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after falling from a height of 3 feet onto a sharp metal fence pole. He is unconscious. Physical examination shows a wound on the upper margin of the right clavicle in the parasternal line that is 3-cm-deep. Which of the following is the most likely ... | B: Pneumothorax due to pleural injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-hour-old newborn is urgently transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit because he is found to be cyanotic and appears blue in all four extremities. He was born to a 42-year-old G1P1 mother who underwent no prenatal screening because she did not show up to her prenatal care visits. She has poorly controlled... | E: Vascular vasodilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A syndrome caused by chromosomal anomalies is being researched in the immunology laboratory. Several congenital conditions are observed among the participating patients, mostly involving the thymus and the heart. Common facial features of affected individuals are shown in the image below. Flow cytometry analysis of p... | C: Aplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with confusion and a change in his behavior. The patient was in his usual state of health 3 days ago. He became more confused and agitated this morning thus prompting his presentation. The patient has a past medical history of depression, hypertension, diabetes, ... | C: Medication complication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents to the physician with difficulty in breathing for 3 hours. There is no history of chest pain, cough or palpitation. He is a chronic smoker and underwent elective cholecystectomy one month back. There is no history of chronic or recurrent cough, wheezing or breathlessness. His temperature is... | E: Localized rales |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2250-g (5.0-lb) male newborn and a 2900-g (6.4-lb) male newborn are delivered at 36 weeks' gestation to a 24-year-old, gravida 1, para 1 woman. The mother had no prenatal care. Examination of the smaller newborn shows low-set ears, retrognathia, and right-sided clubfoot. The hematocrit is 41% for the smaller newbor... | B: Monochorionic-diamniotic monozygotic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for back pain. His back pain worsens with standing for a prolonged period of time or climbing down the stairs and improves with sitting. Medical history is significant for hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Neurologic exam demons... | B: MRI of the lumbosacral spine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-month-old boy presents with the recent loss of appetite and inability to gain weight. His diet consists mainly of cow’s milk and fruits. Family history is unremarkable. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor. Laboratory findings are significant for the following: Hemoglobin 9.1 g/dL Mean corpuscular vol... | B: ↑ reticulocyte count |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to the office with a complaint of generalized weakness that has been getting worse over the last few months. She says that she just does not have the energy for her daily activities. She gets winded quite easily when she takes her dog for a walk in the evening. She says that her mood is g... | C: Start her on erythropoietin. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old male undergoes a surveillance colonoscopy in which a 2 cm adenoma is identified and removed. Had this adenoma not been excised, the patient would have been at risk of progression to carcinoma. Which of the following is the final mutational step in the progression from adenoma to carcinoma?? {'A': 'K-ras... | C: p53 inactivation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his roommates for aggressive and unusual behavior. His roommates state that he has been under a lot of stress lately from his final exams and has been more reclusive. They state that this evening he was very irritable and was yelling at his computer prior to... | C: Lisdexamfetamine intoxication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old boy is brought to the physician because of increased irritability, continual crying, and fever for 1 day. His mother has noticed that he refuses to lie down on his right side and keeps tugging at his right ear. One week ago, he had a runny nose that has since improved. He was born at term and has been o... | A: Bulging erythematous tympanic membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl is brought to the office by her mother due to complaint of intermittent and severe periumbilical pain for 1 day. She does not have any significant past medical history. She provides a history of a recent school trip to the suburbs. On physical examination, there is a mild tenderness around the umb... | C: Association with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the clinic for his annual physical examination. He was diagnosed with a rare arrhythmia a couple of years ago following an episode of dizziness. A mutation in the gene encoding for the L-type calcium channel protein was identified by genetic testing. He feels fine today. His vitals inclu... | D: Abnormal phase 2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old female has a history of periodic bloody diarrhea over several years. Colonoscopy shows sigmoid colon inflammation, and the patient complains of joint pain in her knees and ankles. You suspect inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following would suggest a diagnosis of Crohn disease:? {'A': 'Left lowe... | E: Perianal fistula |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is in the middle of an ascent up a mountain, at an elevation of about 4,500 meters. This is the 4th day of his expedition. His friend notices that in the last few hours, he has been coughing frequently and appears to be short of breath. He has used his albuterol inhaler twice in the past 4 hours, bu... | B: Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Researchers are investigating the mechanism of cell apoptosis and host defense in mice. They have observed that mice with certain gene deletions are not able to fight the induced viral infection. They identify a cell that is able to destroy target cells infected with viruses by exocytosis of granule contents, which i... | C: CD8+ lymphocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought into your clinic by his mother for sunburns that have not been healing. The mother states that he easily gets sunburned. The mother admits she gave birth to him at home and has never taken him to see a doctor. The patient walks with a wide stance gait and appears unstable on his feet. He ... | A: Niacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to a psychiatrist by his mother upon referral from his pediatrician. The mother describes that for the past 2 years her son has experienced episodes of repetitive blinking and sudden jerking of the arms. Additionally, she notes that he often clears his throat and occasionally makes grunti... | C: Fluphenazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening shortness of breath, cough, and a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss over the last year. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 92/min, r... | A: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl presents to the gynecologist's office due to lack of menarche. She has been sexually active with 1 male lifetime partner and always uses a condom. Her mother believes that breast development started at 11 years old. On exam, she is a well-appearing, non-hirsute teenager with Tanner V breast and pub... | C: Müllerian agenesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician with an ongoing pruritic rash for 1 week. The rash is on his right forearm (refer to the image). He has not had a similar rash in the past. He has no history of allergies, and he is not taking any medications. He frequently enjoys gardening in their backyard. They have no... | C: Topical clotrimazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes to the emergency department with a 5-day history of severe abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, and vomiting. She also has pain with urination. She is sexually active with one male partner, and they use condoms inconsistently. She experienced a burning pain when she last had sexual intercourse 3... | E: Pelvic inflammatory disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old African American woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of increasing shortness of breath, cough, and intermittent fever. She works in a local factory that manufactures components for airplanes. She drinks 2–3 glasses of wine daily and has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for th... | A: Race |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman visits her primary care provider with the results of a recent colonoscopy, which was ordered after 3 episodes of rectal bleeding in the last month. Her grandmother, mother, and sister all have been diagnosed with nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, at ages 65, 50, and 40 years, respectively. Colonosco... | B: Microsatellite instability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after admission to the hospital, a 74-year-old man develops confusion and headache. He has also been vomiting over the past hour. His temperature is 36.7°C (98°F), pulse is 98/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 140/80 mm Hg. He is lethargic and oriented only to person. Examination shows flus... | B: Hypertensive crisis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old Turkish female presents to your office for a routine examination. She recently started a new job and has been tired most of the time. She does not have any dizziness and has not lost consciousness. She follows a well-balanced diet and is not vegetarian. She recalls that other family members have had sim... | A: Point mutation on chromosome 11 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of a 1-hour history of confusion and strange behavior. She reports that he started behaving in an agitated manner shortly after eating some wild berries that they had picked during their camping trip. His temperature is 38.7°C (101.7°F). Phy... | D: Physostigmine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old G1 is brought to the emergency department because of sharp pains in her abdomen. She is at 30 weeks gestation based on ultrasound. She complains of feeling a little uneasy during the last 3 weeks of her pregnancy. She mentions that her abdomen has not been enlarging as expected and her baby is not movin... | A: IV fluids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old G1P0 woman presents to the labor and delivery ward at 39 weeks gestation for elective induction of labor. She requests a labor epidural. An epidural catheter is secured at the L4-L5 space. She exhibits no hemodynamic reaction to lidocaine 1.5% with epinephrine 1:200,000. A continuous infusion of bupivac... | E: Sympathetic blockade |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for a routine visit. She has no complaints during this visit. She had an abnormal pap test 6 years ago that showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. The sample was negative for human papillomavirus. On her follow-up Pap test 3 years later, there was... | B: Cold knife conization |
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