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1,314,259,992,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We denote by $\mathbb{Z}, \mathbb{N}, \mathbb{Z}_+, \mathbb{C}$ and $\mathbb{C}^*$ the sets of all integers, non-negative integers, positive integers, complex numbers, and nonzero complex numbers, respectively. All vector spaces and algebras in this paper are over $\mathbb{C}$. We denote by $U(L... |
1,314,259,992,664 | arxiv | \section{A Reinforcement Learning Problem}
\label{sec: problem formulation}
We consider the problem of learning to optimize a random finite-horizon MDP
{\medmuskip=0mu
\thinmuskip=0mu
\thickmuskip=0mu
$\mathcal{M} = (\mathcal{S}, \mathcal{A}, \mathcal{R}, \mathcal{P}, H, \rho)$} over episodes of interaction, where
$\m... |
1,314,259,992,665 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A large number of studies have investigated the impact of bars on the evolution of galaxies \citep[see reviews by][and references therein]{sellwood93,kormendy04,gadotti_bars}. One of the expectations that emerges from both observation and theory, in the framework of secular evolution processes i... |
1,314,259,992,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}}
Functional is a class of statistical observables, having wide applications in almost all disciplines \cite{Deng2020}. Anomalous diffusions are ubiquitous in the nature world. The distribution of functionals for anomalous diffusion is governed by fractional Feynman-Kac equation \cite{Carmi2010,D... |
1,314,259,992,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Discrete optimization problems defined on graphs are widespread among many scientific disciplines and commonly found in real-world applications. Depending on the properties of the underlying graph, these optimization problems may become so hard to solve that all known algorithms find only very s... |
1,314,259,992,668 | arxiv | \subsection{Remaining potential and Good-Turing estimator}
A good algorithm for
OIMP should aim at selecting the influencer $k$ with the largest potential for
influencing its children $A_k$. However, the true potential value of an influencer
is \emph{a priori} unknown to the decision maker.
In the following, we ind... |
1,314,259,992,669 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the field of the $f$-electron systems,
the phenomena which originate from the multipole degrees of freedom
have been studied intensively
since such degrees of freedom, in addition to the dipole,
are expected to become sources of exotic ordering and physical properties.
The quadrupole mom... |
1,314,259,992,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With recent successes in AI, there is a great interest in deploying autonomous agents into our day to day lives. In order to cohabit successfully with humans, it is highly important that the AI agent behaves in a way that is aligned with the human preferences. Ideally, we want a system that w... |
1,314,259,992,671 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As the only elementary scalar in the Standard Model (SM), the Higgs boson presents a unique opportunity as a window to physics beyond the Standard Model (SM).
The operator $H^\dagger H$ is the lowest dimensional operator which is both a gauge and Lorentz singlet.
As such, it occurs time and again... |
1,314,259,992,672 | arxiv | \section{0pt}{12pt plus 3pt minus 3pt}{1pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}
\titlespacing\subsection{0pt}{10pt plus 3pt minus 3pt}{1pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}
\titlespacing\subsubsection{0pt}{8pt plus 3pt minus 3pt}{1pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}
\usepackage{graphics}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage... |
1,314,259,992,673 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is a deconfined state of quarks and gluons, and is currently a subject of much theoretical and experimental research. QGP is produced in heavy-ion collisions, e.g., Au$-$Au collisions at Relativistic Heavy-ion Collider (RHIC) or Pb$-$Pb collisions at the Large Hadron ... |
1,314,259,992,674 | arxiv | \subsection{Typos}
\begin{table}[htbp]\caption{Summary of Notations}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{r c p{10cm} }
\toprule
\multicolumn{3}{c}{}\\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\underline{Bandit Problem Variables}}\\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{}\\
$T$ & $\triangleq$ & Total number of rounds of the sequential decision-making problem. \\
$d... |
1,314,259,992,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Standard Model has been confirmed by the discovery of
the Higgs scalar and other precision measurements.
However, it has various mysteries still.
One of them is the mystery on the flavor structure.
Why are there three generations ?
Why are quark and lepton masses hierarchical ?
Whic... |
1,314,259,992,676 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two main questions of theoretical physics requiring the knowledge of the structure of spacetime at a fundamental level are the nature of singularities appearing in classical general relativity and the ultraviolet divergences of field theory. It is expected a quantum theory of gravity can provi... |
1,314,259,992,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{1}
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright, millisecond-duration radio
pulses that generated from the extragalactic sources (in most
cases) according to the dispersion measures (DM) and the redshift
of host galaxies of localized FRBs \citep{Lorimer07, Thornton13, Chatterjee17}.
Great progresse... |
1,314,259,992,678 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The notion of a $Q$-function associated to a pair $\{S,A\}$ consisting of a symmetric operator
$S$ and a selfadjoint extension $A$ of $S$ in a Hilbert or Pontryagin space was introduced by
M.G.~Krein and H.~Langer in \cite{KL73,KL77}. A $Q$-function contains the spectral information of the se... |
1,314,259,992,679 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgement}
We are grateful to the National Center for High-performance Computing for computer time and facilities, and Google Research, MediaTek, MOST 107-2634-F-007-007 for their support. This research is also supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 107-2633-E-002-001... |
1,314,259,992,680 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
In this work, we have developed, to the best of our knowledge, one of the first fully spatiotemporal cardiac surface tracking methods for 4DE data, which was then used to generate dense displacements using a regularized radial basis function framework. Our method was also able to account for the cy... |
1,314,259,992,681 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Teichm\"uller\ theory and the theory of cluster varieties \cite{FG09} are deeply connected, producing fruitful applications in the both sides.
Given a marked surface $\Sigma$, we have two kinds of dual cluster varieties, called the \emph{cluster $K_2$-variety} $\A_\Sigma$ and the \emph{clust... |
1,314,259,992,682 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Lattice QCD calculations of meson-meson interactions have
yielded predictions for physical scattering lengths at the few percent
level~\cite{Beane:2007xs,Beane:2006gj,Beane:2007uh}. Several reasons
underlie this striking accuracy. Firstly, at the level of the lattice
calculation, Eucli... |
1,314,259,992,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stochastic resetting is ubiquitous in nature \cite{evans2020stochastic}. Maybe most of people have this experience: when one goes to work in the morning, (s)he searches for keys before going out. After a search without successes, it is likely to go back to the starting point of the search and try... |
1,314,259,992,684 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $A$ be a matrix with nonnegative real entries. The \textit{nonnegative rank} of $A$ is the smallest $k$ for which there exist $k$ nonnegative rank-one matrices that sum to $A$. This concept is related to the \textit{nonnegative matrix factorization} problem, which is the task to find the opt... |
1,314,259,992,685 | arxiv |
\subsection{Introduction}
Since their discovery, neutron stars (NSs) have excited a broad range
of interests not only in the astrophysical context, but also in terms
of fundamental physics: for example, confirmation of the existence of
gravitational waves \citep{1982ApJ...253..908T}, high-density nuclear matter
insid... |
1,314,259,992,686 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\gls{dl} is, nowadays, one of the hottest topics in signal processing research, spanning across multiple applications. This is a highly demanding computational field, since, in many cases, better performance and generality result in increased complexity and deeper models... |
1,314,259,992,687 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A number of information-theoretic divergence measures between probability distance functions have been introduced and analyzed in the literature \cite{bhattacharyya1946measure, kullback1951information, chernoff1952measure, hero01, Cha07}. They have been extensively used in many signal processing... |
1,314,259,992,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The geologically recent mega-thrust earthquakes and giant tsunamis in Indonesia (2004) and Japan (2011) as well as the seismic catastrophes in Haiti (2010) and China (2008) each occurred in regions previously mapped as having ``low'' seismic hazard. One reason for this is because hazard assessme... |
1,314,259,992,689 | arxiv | \section{Motivation: dianalytic vector bundles over a Klein surface}\label{intro}
We start by recalling the fundamentals of Klein surfaces (\textit{e.g.} \cite{AG}). A function $f:U\to\mathbb{C}$ defined on an open subset of $\mathbb{C}$ is called \textbf{dianalytic in} $U$ if it is either holomorphic or anti-holomorp... |
1,314,259,992,690 | arxiv | \section{Definitions and notations.}
A graph is \emph{outerplanar} if it can be embedded in the plane without crossing edges, in such a way that all the vertices are on the boundary of the exterior region.
An \emph{incidence} of a simple graph $G$ is a pair $(v, vw)$ of an edge $vw$ and one of its vertices. Two incid... |
1,314,259,992,691 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{n} the traditional source coding doctrine, performance of algorithms are characterized in the limit of large blocklengths. In some modern applications, however, data is continuously generated and updated, making them highly delay-sensitive. Therefore, it is vital to characterize ... |
1,314,259,992,692 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Aggregating knowledge across studies is a common practice for pooling multiple findings, increasing precision of common results and planning new studies. In this paper, we evaluate treatment effects after adjusting for potential confounding factors from various independent, existing studies. In ... |
1,314,259,992,693 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tunneling is a manifestation of quantum coherence:
quantum systems are able to surmount barriers they energetically should not due to their wave-like properties~\cite{ankerhold2007quantum}.
The range of tunneling systems is broad: elementary particles in nuclear matter~\cite{balantekin1998quantu... |
1,314,259,992,694 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}
Spin Hall effect(SHE) is attracting interest recently
because it can produce spin
current without magnetism or magnetic field.
The research was triggered by the two theoretical proposals on the
intrinsic mechanism on the SHE \cite{Mur,Sin},
and it has been intensively ... |
1,314,259,992,695 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec: Introduction}}
Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions are currently one of the leading platforms for quantum information technology \cite{Makhlin2010,Ladd2010,Wendin2017}. Charge transport in such junctions exhibits a rich phenomenology due to the presence of both Cooper... |
1,314,259,992,696 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Empirical Bayes methods, though of increasing use, still suffer from an
uncertain theoretical basis, enjoying neither the safe haven of Bayes
theorem nor the steady support of frequentist optimality. Their
rationale is often reduced to inserting more or less obvious estimates
i... |
1,314,259,992,697 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Extracting information from large amounts of data and understanding its global structure can be an immensely challenging and time consuming task. When the input data is huge, many traditionally `efficient' algorithms are no longer practical. The framework of property testing aims at addressing th... |
1,314,259,992,698 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section_intro}
In order to meet the rapid growth of wireless data rates, the Terahertz (THz) band with ultra-broad bandwidth has gained increasing attention~\cite{Nagatsuma2016Advances}.
In the THz band, the ultra-wide bandwidth comes with a cost of huge propagation loss, which drastically... |
1,314,259,992,699 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec : Introduction}
Digel, de Geus, \& Thaddeus (1994) found more than 10 molecular clouds
possibly beyond the optical disk of our Galaxy in the direction to the
Perseus arm (l $\sim$ 130$^\circ$). Their Galactic radius ($R_{\rm
g}$) is estimated at more than 20 kpc and as much as 28 kp... |
1,314,259,992,700 | arxiv | \section{State of the Art}
\label{sec:sota}
\subsection{Scene and Scenario Descriptions}
In recent years, knowledge graphs have found their way into a wide variety of domains. They are used to store knowledge in a structured and extensible graph representation and enable agents to query them for all kinds of informati... |
1,314,259,992,701 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The prototypical examples of noninteracting topological states of matter are categorized by quantized invariants, corresponding to (sets of) energy bands that are separated by gaps from the rest of the band structure. A conceptual step forward in the topological characterization of materials was... |
1,314,259,992,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introductionRe}
One of the many skills involved in learning how to play the clarinet
is to control the attack of a new note. Tonguing is an important
aspect of a clear and precise attack, but the evolution of the mouth
pressure during the first instants of the note is also seen to a... |
1,314,259,992,703 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we resume
an old idea of two of us~\cite{soft}:
in a multi-Higgs-doublet model
furnished with three right-handed neutrino singlets
and the seesaw mechanism~\cite{seesaw},
lepton flavour may be conserved
in the Yukawa couplings of all the Higgs doublets
and violated solely in the Ma... |
1,314,259,992,704 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes a vision where objects become part of the Internet, and expand it in such a way that our digital and physical worlds are fused together \cite{Coetzee2011-jp}. At a technical level this vision is actualised using networked microcontrollers, sensors and actuat... |
1,314,259,992,705 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandits (CMABs) are a well-known extension of Multi-Armed Bandits (MABs) \citep{robbins1952some}, where instead of choosing a single arm at each round, the agent selects a set of arms. It then observes noisy feedback for each arm in this set (`semi-bandit feedback') and... |
1,314,259,992,706 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Phosphorus has a great relevance for biotic chemistry, since it is a fundamental component of many important biological molecules, such as nucleic acids and phospholipids. P is therefore essential to life on Earth and can consequently play an important role in exoplanets \citep{sch... |
1,314,259,992,707 | arxiv |
\section{Dissipation dilution of a torsion ribbon}
In this section we derive the central result of the main text: tensioning a ribbon increases its torsional stiffness and, proportionately, the quality factor of its torsion modes:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:dissipationdilution}
\frac{Q}{Q_0}=1+\frac{k_\sigma}{k_E}\app... |
1,314,259,992,708 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
While random network coding \cite{HO_IT06} has proved to be a
powerful tool for disseminating information in networks, it is
highly susceptible to errors. Thus, error control for random network
coding is critical and has received growing attention recently.
Error control s... |
1,314,259,992,709 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been known that the internal space for N=2
supersymmetric one-dimensional sigma model is a K\"ahler
manifold \cite{Zumino}, and the
internal space for N=4 supersymmetric one-dimensional sigma model is a
hyper-K\"ahler manifold \cite{Curtright} \cite{Hitchin}.
It means that there exists ... |
1,314,259,992,710 | arxiv | \subsection*{Abstract} In this note, a new concept
called {\em $SDR$-matrix} is proposed, which is an infinite lower
triangular matrix obeying the generalized rule of David star. Some
basic properties of $SDR$-matrices are discussed and two conjectures
on $SDR$-matrices are presented, one of which states that if a
matr... |
1,314,259,992,711 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Galactic Center (GC) is home to the greatest concentration of molecular
gas in the Galaxy. The environment in the inner 300 pc (known
as the Central Molecular Zone or CMZ) contains molecular
clouds that have higher average densities and pressures than those in other regions
($n \sim$ 10$^4... |
1,314,259,992,712 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Most recent success of deep supervised learning, in the context of medical image analysis, critically depends on the availability of large sets of annotated images. The performance of supervised learning methods, on tasks such as anomaly detection, is then limited when the studi... |
1,314,259,992,713 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\input{Sections/introduction}
\section{METHODOLOGY} \label{sec:method}
\input{Sections/methodology}
\section{EXPERIMENTAL SETUP} \label{sec:setup}
\input{Sections/setup}
\section{EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS}
\input{Sections/results}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-0.9cm}
... |
1,314,259,992,714 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction}
Recently, Artificial Intelligence has shown great advances in many varied research areas, but there is one critical area where limited progress has been shown: commonsense knowledge representation and commonsense reasoning \cite{mccarthy1989artificial,BBK01,BlB05,mi... |
1,314,259,992,715 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}Mechanical resonators in the quantum limit can be used to explore macroscopic quantum effects and the quantum-to-classical boundaries in such systems.\cite{Blencowe} To reach the quantum ground state of the mechanical systems, many approaches have been explored, including feedback cooling, dynamic... |
1,314,259,992,716 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are currently four Earth-sized (0.9~R$_\oplus<$R$_p<$1.5~R$_\oplus$) planets in the habitable zone of their host stars that are amenable to atmospheric follow-up with the James Webb Space Telescope (\emph{JWST}): TRAPPIST-1d,e,f and LHS 1140b \citep{gillon2016temperate, gillon2017seven,ditt... |
1,314,259,992,717 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The coupled evolution of solid-fluid interfaces due to dissolution, melting, and erosion is important in shaping geophysical features including mountains, icebergs, caverns, aquifers, and petroleum reservoirs~\cite{Fredd1998,Ortoleva1994,Malin2000,Meakin2010}. While typic... |
1,314,259,992,718 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\Label{int}
There exist a wide variety of results concerned with the structure
of the automorphism group of a given geometric structure. In
Riemannian Geometry, the classical Myers-Steenrod theorem
\cite{MS39} states that the group of all isometries of a Riemannian
manifold is a Lie group.
H.\... |
1,314,259,992,719 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many block ciphers used in real life applications are \emph{translation based ciphers}, which are essentially iterated block ciphers obtained by the composition of several ``round functions'', that is, key-dependent permutations of the message/cipher space. This class of ciphers has been introdu... |
1,314,259,992,720 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum spin systems play a very important role in condensed matter physics, because of their underlying rich physics, such as the spin liquid state~\cite{Anderson1987} and the valence-bond solid (VBS) state~\cite{Read1989}. Typically, subjected to external magnetic field, the magnetization proce... |
1,314,259,992,721 | arxiv | \section{Aravind's ramblings}
\section{Background}
\label{sec:paper-crit-path-pape-back}
Critical paths have long been used to guide heuristic algorithms for scheduling directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of tasks~\cite{hu1961parallel,lockyer1969introduction,kohler1975preliminary}. A task graph is a DAG where the vertice... |
1,314,259,992,722 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topic models are probabilistic models for dimensionality reduction of count data \citep{blei2003latent}. They are widely used in modern biostatistics, finding application in population genetics, genome-wide association studies, metabolomics, and microbiota studies \citep{al2019inference, reder20... |
1,314,259,992,723 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Carnot's theorem can be considered as a generalization of Ceva's
theorem. The theorem of Carnot gives a necessary and sufficient
condition for two points on each side of a triangle to form a
conic.
\begin{theorem}[Carnot's theorem] Let $\triangle A B C$ be a triangle and let $A_1$, $A_2$ be the... |
1,314,259,992,724 | arxiv | \section{Background}\label{sec:background}
\subsection{Elliptic PDEs on manifolds}
The results of this article are motivated by the study of elliptic PDEs, possibly nonlinear, of the form
\begin{equation}\label{eq:PDE1}
F(x, \nabla u(x), D^2u(x)) = 0, \quad x \in\Omega.
\end{equation}
\begin{definition}[Elliptic eq... |
1,314,259,992,725 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec1}Introduction}
Optical absorption in semiconductors has received increasing attention due to its broad application scenarios, solar cells\cite{Zhou2016, Ma2018, Wang2020a}, photodetection\cite{Tagliabue2018, Guo2020}, and biosensing\cite{Rodrigo2015, Tan2018, Ren2020, Zhao2020}, to name a few. In p... |
1,314,259,992,726 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Maser lines from different molecular species,
including water, hydroxyl, and methanol, are
common observational phenomena associated with
massive star forming regions.
The relation between different types of masers found around
young stellar objects may yield important
informatio... |
1,314,259,992,727 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The following model for a random walk in a random environment can be
found in the physics literature; see Anshelevic and Vologodskii (\citeyear{AnsVol1981}),
Alexander \textit{et al.} (\citeyear{Aleetal1981}), Kawazu and Kesten (\citeyear{KawKes1984}).
Let $ \{\lambda_j;j\in\m... |
1,314,259,992,728 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optomechanical systems have emerged as a formidable platform for the control and manipulation of light-matter interactions in quantum technologies~\cite{1.general-review-optomechanics-1,BowenMilburn}. From a fundamental perspective, they allow for preparing a superposition of quantum states of a ... |
1,314,259,992,729 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The description of Gorenstein rings plays a central role in algebra and geometry.
Gorenstein ideals in codimension 1 and 2 are known to be complete intersections. Buchsbaum and Eisenbud (\cite{BuchsbaumEisenbud77}) showed that any Gorenstein ideal of codimension 3 is generated by $2k+1$ elements... |
1,314,259,992,730 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: Superfast accurate LRA -- the State of the Art}\label{sintro}
{\bf 1. Introduction: Superfast accurate LRA -- the State of the Art and our study.}
{\em Low-rank approximation (LRA)} of a matrix is one of the most fundamental problems of
Numerical Linear Algebra and Data Mining and Analysis,... |
1,314,259,992,731 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s1}
Einstein-Rosen waves are among the simplest non-stationary solutions
to the vacuum Einstein equations (see, e.g., \cite{1}). Not surprisingly,
therefore, they have been used in a number of different contexts:
investigation of energy loss due to gravity waves \cite{2}, asymptotic
struc... |
1,314,259,992,732 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
We are interested in modelling polarized radiative transfer within the magnetized plasma around black holes. Evaluations of transfer coefficients date back as far as \citet{westfold_polarization_1959}. A summary of early work on emission and absorption coefficients is given by... |
1,314,259,992,733 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SEC:Intro}
In biomechanics the application of electromyography is especially a field rife with various signal processing methods. One reason for this is the complexity of the EMG signal which requires processing if one wants to proceed beyond the simple level of on-off interpretation. ... |
1,314,259,992,734 | arxiv | \section{The SUPERBLINK survey}
We have been conducting an all-sky survey for stars with large proper
motions using data from the Digitized Sky Surveys (DSS). The scanned
images in the DSS cover the entire sky in multiple bands and at
various epochs, and the temporal baseline between the earliest and
latest epoch is b... |
1,314,259,992,735 | arxiv | \section{Dual and conjugate variables for $q$-Araki-Woods von Neumann algebras in finite dimensions}
\label{sec:dc}
In this section we will consider only the case of finite-dimensional $\mathsf{H}_\Bbb R$.
Fix then $d \in \Bbb N$ and write $\mathsf{H}$ for the complexification of $\mathsf{H}_\Bbb R=\Bbb R^d$. We assu... |
1,314,259,992,736 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:intro}
Understanding massive star formation remains one of the most
challenging and important problems of contemporary astrophysics
(Beuther et al. 2007; Zinnecker \& Yorke 2007). The complexity of the
process means that massive star formation theories, such as the
turbulent core model (... |
1,314,259,992,737 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study spectral properties of the Schr\"odinger operator
$$
P(h)=-h^2 \partial_x^2+V(x)
$$
defined for $x$ in the half-line $(-\infty, B]$. Here $h>0$ is the
semiclassical parameter and $V(x)$ is a piecewise continuous
real-valued potential supported in $[0,B]$.
The operator $P... |
1,314,259,992,738 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{odern} software applications deal with large quantities of data, including critical and sensitive data. The high demand for services has driven developers to create software at a fast pace, thus introducing flaws and bugs in the code. The number o... |
1,314,259,992,739 | arxiv | \section{Tabular Benchmark Results}
\section{Dataset Descriptions}
\paragraph{CIFAR-100: Standard image classification}
As a starting point of comparison to existing benchmarks, we include the {\bf CIFAR-100} task \citep{krizhevsky2009cifar}, which contains RGB images from natural settings to be classified into 100 ... |
1,314,259,992,740 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction. }
Euler's dilogarithm appeared very soon, even if with a different
name, in the evaluation of radiative corrections in QED. The first
occurrence is perhaps in the 1934 paper by G. Racah on the radiation
by fast particles \cita{Racah}, whose function $F(x)$ is equal to
$-\hbox{Li}_2(-x)$ in... |
1,314,259,992,741 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The symmetry of the superconducting order parameter or energy gap
$2\Delta(\vec{k})$ gives an important clue to the mechanism of high T$_c$
superconductivity. Experiments which probe a possible phase shift in the
order parameter with Josphson tunneling\cite{Schrieffer} are in favor of a
d$_{x^2-y... |
1,314,259,992,742 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a paraconsistent context where formulas have three admissible assignments, and assuming the standard properties with respect to the ``classical'' assignments, that is
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c|c}
$A$ & $N A$ \\
\hline
$\{1\}$ & $\{0\}$ \\
$\{1, 0\}$ & \\
$\... |
1,314,259,992,743 | arxiv | \section*{Modulating anchoring at liquid crystal interfaces}
Employing microfluidics, we fabricate water-CLC-water double emulsions, where an aqueous inner droplet is coated by a CLC shell that is, in turn, dispersed in an aqueous phase (see SI, Materials and Methods). The CLC phase is composed of a mixture of 4-cyano... |
1,314,259,992,744 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Vision Transformer (ViT)\cite{dosovitskiy2020vit} and its variants have achieved great success in a variety of computer vision tasks, such as image classification\cite{dosovitskiy2020vit,liu2021swin,graham2021levit}, object detection\cite{li2022exploring,fang2021yolos,carion202... |
1,314,259,992,745 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
PF1B is a user facility at the Institut Max von Laue - Paul Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France, for experiments in elementary particle and nuclear physics using polarized or non-polarized cold neutrons. PF1B is located at the end position of the ``ballistic'' $m=2$ super-mirror cold neutron guid... |
1,314,259,992,746 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The aim of this paper is to construct and understand subgame-perfect equilibria in symmetric stochastic timing games, which have important applications, for instance, in strategic real option models. It is well known that in many timing games in continuous time there exist no eq... |
1,314,259,992,747 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The formation and evolution of massive elliptical (passive) galaxies in the Universe is interesting for both studies of galaxy evolution and cosmology. In the former case, such galaxies present an observational challenge for hierarchical models of structure formation, as some form of feedback is... |
1,314,259,992,748 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Supersymmetry (SUSY) was a deeply studied subject during the last two
decades since the no-go theorem of Coleman and Mandula about all the
possible symmetries of the S-matrix in $D=4$ was by-passed by the
discovery of Haag, Lopuzsanski and Sohnius (HLS) on possible fermionic
extensions of the c... |
1,314,259,992,749 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The role of many-body pairing in Fermi systems above the critical superfluid temperature - the so-called pseudogap pairing - is a complex and intriguing problem. It has been long recognized that the pseudogap pairing is important in underpinning superconductivity in high-temperature superconduct... |
1,314,259,992,750 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\input{introduction.tex}
\section{Surrogate optimization}
\label{sec:background}
\input{background.tex}
\section{The asynchronous algorithm}
\label{sec:async}
\input{methods.tex}
\section{POAP implementation}
\label{sec:poap}
\input{poap.tex}
\section{\lowercase{py}SOT impl... |
1,314,259,992,751 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro}
Interface problems arise from diverse physical and engineering applications in which the coefficients of the governing partial differential equations are discontinuous across material interfaces that separate the physical domains. The body-fitted finite element methods resolve t... |
1,314,259,992,752 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction} \label{sec:in}
The objective of the present paper
is to investigate algebraic and combinatorial aspects of the formula given in the abstract
which gives the number of equivalence classes of arbitrarily oriented but non-backtracking non-periodic closed paths of length $N$ in a oriented gra... |
1,314,259,992,753 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Schwinger effect~\cite{Sch51} of pair production in a constant
electric field is one of the beautiful predictions of QED.
The production rate of a pair of particles with masses $m$
and charges $\pm e$ is exponentially suppressed for weak fields $E$ as
\begin{equation}
P\propto \,{\rm e}\,^... |
1,314,259,992,754 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A renewed impetus into the description of BPS black hole microstates in
four dimensions has been sparked by the OSV
conjecture~\cite{Ooguri:2004zv} which equates black hole entropy in
Type~IIA string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold $\cal M$
to the modulus squared of the topological... |
1,314,259,992,755 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Despite intensive research, the mechanisms underlying how neurons encode external inputs remain poorly understood. Recent work has focused on the response of a single neuron to a weak, subthreshold periodic signal. By simulating the FitzHugh-Nagumo stochastic model and then using a symbolic method t... |
1,314,259,992,756 | arxiv |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
Modern mathematics begins with \emph{symbolic manipulation}.
The central role of signs and symbols \emph{per se}
is one of the main achievement of the Medieval culture \cite{medieval-semiotics} leading, among others, to the development of
elementary or \emph{symbolic algebra}.
Starting from ... |
1,314,259,992,757 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
String representations recently received a lot of attention, especially
for planar graphs. Scheinerman \cite{cit:scheinerman} had asked in 1984 whether every
planar graph can be represented as the intersection graph of segments in the plane.
This was settled partiall... |
1,314,259,992,758 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_introduction}
\subsection{The problem statement and background}
For $\sigma\ge 0$ and for arbitrary initial data,
we prove local existence and uniqueness of solutions in Sobolev spaces to the
free boundary incompressible Euler equations in vacuum:
\begin{subequations}
\label{euler... |
1,314,259,992,759 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a fixed finite field of prime order $p$, and consider the vector space $\mathbb{F}^n$. We identify $\mathbb{F}^n$ with its own dual via the dot product, and in this way define the Fourier transform of a function $f : \mathbb{F}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ by
\[ \hat{f}(r) := \m... |
1,314,259,992,760 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{i}
The simple quark model (SQM) though qualitatively successful, fails to account for low energy properties of baryons quantitatively. Experimentaly~\cite{1}, it is found that quarks cannot even account for the proton spin and thus it is necessary to go beyond SQM. Since quarks interact ... |
1,314,259,992,761 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In their paper \textit{Twists of Newforms} Hijikata, Pizer and Shemanske \cite{HPS} show how to decompose spaces of elliptic modular newforms into direct sums of character twists of other spaces of newforms. These decompositions provide important information about the behavior of newforms under ... |
1,314,259,992,762 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fluctuation is a normal occurrence in physical systems.
Caused by their stochastic nature, the value of certain
observables deviate from their average value, which may be defined over a large
time or over a large number of identically prepared systems (ensembles).
The well-known phenomenon of cr... |
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