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Ada Lovelace | Childhood | Childhood
Lord Byron expected his child to be a "glorious boy" and was disappointed when Lady Byron gave birth to a girl. The child was named after Byron's half-sister, Augusta Leigh, and was called "Ada" by Byron himself. On 16 January 1816, at Lord Byron's command, Lady Byron left for her parents' home at Kirkby Mall... |
Ada Lovelace | Adult years | Adult years
thumb|Watercolour portrait of Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, , possibly by Alfred Edward Chalon|alt=Ada King, Countess of Lovelace. Watercolour portrait circa 1840
Lovelace became close friends with her tutor Mary Somerville, who introduced her to Charles Babbage in 1833. She had a strong respect and affe... |
Ada Lovelace | Education | Education
thumb|Sonnet titled The Rainbow in Lovelace's own hand (Somerville College)
From 1832, when she was seventeen, her mathematical abilities began to emerge, and her interest in mathematics dominated the majority of her adult life. Her mother's obsession with rooting out any of the insanity of which she accused ... |
Ada Lovelace | Death | Death
thumb|Painting of Lovelace seated at a piano, by Henry Phillips (1852). Although in great pain at the time, she agreed to sit for the painting as her father, Lord Byron, had been painted by Phillips' father, Thomas Phillips.|alt=Ada Lovelace, painted portrait circa 1852
Lovelace died at the age of 36 on 27 Novem... |
Ada Lovelace | Work | Work
Throughout her life, Lovelace was strongly interested in scientific developments and fads of the day, including phrenology and mesmerism. After her work with Babbage, Lovelace continued to work on other projects. In 1844, she commented to a friend Woronzow Greig about her desire to create a mathematical model for ... |
Ada Lovelace | First published computer program | First published computer program
The notes, around three times longer than the article itself, are important in the early history of computers, especially since the seventh one described, in complete detail, a method for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers using the Analytical Engine, which might have run corr... |
Ada Lovelace | Controversy over contribution | Controversy over contribution
Based on this work, Lovelace is often called the first computer programmer and her method has been called the world's first computer program.
Eugene Eric Kim and Betty Alexandra Toole consider it "incorrect" to regard Lovelace as the first computer programmer. Babbage claims credit in his... |
Ada Lovelace | Insight into potential of computing devices | Insight into potential of computing devices
In her notes, Ada Lovelace emphasised the difference between the Analytical Engine and previous calculating machines, particularly its ability to be programmed to solve problems of any complexity. She realised the potential of the device extended far beyond mere number crunc... |
Ada Lovelace | Distinction between mechanism and logical structure | Distinction between mechanism and logical structure
Lovelace recognized the difference between the details of the computing mechanism, as covered in an 1834 article on the Difference Engine,
and the logical structure of the Analytical Engine, on which the article she was reviewing dwelt. She noted that different specia... |
Ada Lovelace | Commemoration<!--'Ada Lovelace Day' redirects here--> | Commemoration
thumb|left|upright|Blue plaque to Ada Lovelace in St James's Square, London|alt=Plaque to Ada Lovelace that reads "English Heritage, Ada Countess of Lovelace, 1815–1852, Pioneer of Computing lived here"
The computer language Ada, created on behalf of the United States Department of Defense, was named aft... |
Ada Lovelace | Bicentenary (2015) | Bicentenary (2015)
The bicentenary of Ada Lovelace's birth was celebrated with a number of events, including:
The Ada Lovelace Bicentenary Lectures on Computability, Israel Institute for Advanced Studies, 20 December 2015 – 31 January 2016.
Ada Lovelace Symposium, University of Oxford, 13–14 October 2015.
Ada.Ada.Ad... |
Ada Lovelace | In popular culture | In popular culture
thumb|upright|An illustration inspired by the A. E. Chalon portrait created for the Ada Initiative, which supported open technology and women|alt=Illustration of Ada Lovelace's portrait in a gold frame |
Ada Lovelace | Novels and plays | Novels and plays
Lovelace is portrayed in Romulus Linney's 1977 play Childe Byron. In Tom Stoppard's 1993 play Arcadia, the precocious teenage genius Thomasina Coverly—a character "apparently based" on Ada Lovelace (the play also involves Lord Byron)—comes to understand chaos theory, and theorises the second law of th... |
Ada Lovelace | Film and television | Film and television
In the 1997 film Conceiving Ada, a computer scientist obsessed with Ada finds a way of communicating with her in the past by means of "undying information waves".
Lovelace, identified as Ada Augusta Byron, is portrayed by Lily Lesser in the second series of The Frankenstein Chronicles aired on ITV... |
Ada Lovelace | Computing and STEM | Computing and STEM
Ada Lovelace Day
A computer language, initially developed by the US Department of Defense, is called Ada.
The Lovelace Medal awarded by the British Computer Society (BCS).
The Lovelace Lectures at the BCS sponsored by the Alan Turing Institute.
The Lovelace Lectures at Durham University.
The Ad... |
Ada Lovelace | Other | Other
thumb|right|Green plaque in Ealing
thumb|right|Blue plaque at Mallory Park
thumb|right|Ada Lovelace Memorial
A green plaque is to be found on Fordhook Avenue on the corner of 5 Station Parade, Uxbridge Road, Ealing
Blue plaques are at Mallory Park and St James's Square.
Ada Lovelace C of E High School in Green... |
Ada Lovelace | Publications | Publications
Lovelace, Ada King. Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers: A Selection from the Letters of Lord Byron's Daughter and her Description of the First Computer. Mill Valley, CA: Strawberry Press, 1992. .
Also available on Wikisource: The Menebrea article, The notes by Ada Lovelace. |
Ada Lovelace | Publication history | Publication history
Six copies of the 1843 first edition of Sketch of the Analytical Engine with Ada Lovelace's "Notes" have been located. Three are held at Harvard University, one at the University of Oklahoma, and one at the United States Air Force Academy. On 20 July 2018, the sixth copy was sold at auction to an... |
Ada Lovelace | See also | See also
Ai-Da – humanoid robot, completed in 2019
Code: Debugging the Gender Gap
List of pioneers in computer science
Timeline of women in science
Women in computing
Women in STEM fields |
Ada Lovelace | Explanatory notes | Explanatory notes |
Ada Lovelace | References | References |
Ada Lovelace | Citations | Citations |
Ada Lovelace | General and cited sources | General and cited sources
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With notes upon the memoir by the translator.
Miller, Clair Cain. "Ada Lovelace, 1815–1852," New York Times, 8 March 2018.
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Ada Lovelace | Further reading | Further reading
Jennifer Chiaverini, 2017, Enchantress of Numbers, Dutton, 426 pp.
Christopher Hollings, Ursula Martin, and Adrian Rice, 2018, Ada Lovelace: The Making of a Computer Scientist, Bodleian Library, 114 pp.
Miranda Seymour, 2018, In Byron's Wake: The Turbulent Lives of Byron's Wife and Daughter: Annabel... |
Ada Lovelace | External links | External links
"Ada's Army gets set to rewrite history at Inspirefest 2018" by Luke Maxwell, 4 August 2018
"Untangling the Tale of Ada Lovelace" by Stephen Wolfram, December 2015
Category:1815 births
Category:1852 deaths
Category:19th-century British women mathematicians
Category:19th-... |
Ada Lovelace | Table of Content | Short description, Biography, Childhood, Adult years, Education, Death, Work, First published computer program, Controversy over contribution, Insight into potential of computing devices, Distinction between mechanism and logical structure, Commemoration<!--'Ada Lovelace Day' redirects here-->, Bicentenary (2015), In p... |
August Derleth | Short description | August William Derleth (February 24, 1909 – July 4, 1971) was an American writer and anthologist. He was the first book publisher of the writings of H. P. Lovecraft. He made contributions to the Cthulhu Mythos and the cosmic horror genre and helped found Arkham House, a publishing company which did much to introduce ha... |
August Derleth | Life | Life
The son of William Julius Derleth and Rose Louise Volk, Derleth grew up in Sauk City, Wisconsin."August Derleth Services Wednesday in Sauk City", Capital Times, July 6, 1971, p. 24, col. 2. He was educated in local parochial and public high school. Derleth wrote his first fiction at age 13. He was interested most ... |
August Derleth | Career | Career
Derleth wrote more than 150 short stories and more than 100 books during his lifetime.
thumb|Derleth in 1962 |
August Derleth | The ''Sac Prairie Saga'' | The Sac Prairie Saga
Derleth wrote an expansive series of novels, short stories, journals, poems, and other works about Sac Prairie. Derleth intended this series to comprise up to 50 novels telling the projected life-story of the region from the 19th century onwards, with analogies to Balzac's Human Comedy and Proust's... |
August Derleth | Detective fiction and "Solar Pons" | Detective fiction and "Solar Pons"
Detective fiction represented another substantial body of Derleth's work. Most notable among this work was a series of 70 stories in affectionate pastiche of Sherlock Holmes, whose creator, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, he admired greatly. The stories feature a Holmes-styled British detecti... |
August Derleth | Youth and children's fiction | Youth and children's fiction
Derleth wrote many and varied children's works, including biographies meant to introduce younger readers to explorer Jacques Marquette, as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Arguably most important among his works for younger readers, however, is the Steve and Sim Mystery ... |
August Derleth | Arkham House and the "Cthulhu Mythos" | Arkham House and the "Cthulhu Mythos"
thumb|alt=H. P. Lovecraft in front of a brick wall in Brooklyn|H. P. Lovecraft on July 11, 1931
Derleth was a correspondent and friend of H. P. Lovecraft – when Lovecraft wrote about "le Comte d'Erlette" in his fiction, it was in homage to Derleth. Derleth invented the term "Cthulh... |
August Derleth | Other works | Other works
Derleth also wrote many historical novels, as part of both the Sac Prairie Saga and the Wisconsin Saga. He also wrote history; arguably most notable among these was The Wisconsin: River of a Thousand Isles, published in 1942. The work was one in a series entitled "The Rivers of America", conceived by writer... |
August Derleth | Bibliography | Bibliography |
August Derleth | Awards | Awards
O'Brien Roll of Honour for short story, 1933
Guggenheim fellow, 1938 |
August Derleth | See also | See also
August Derleth Award
List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories
List of horror fiction authors
List of people from Wisconsin
Mark Schorer
Sherlock Holmes pastiches |
August Derleth | Notes | Notes |
August Derleth | References | References
Meudt, Edna. 'August Derleth: "A simple, honorable man",' Wisconsin Academy Review, 19:2 (Summer, 1972) 8–11.
Schorer, Mark. "An Appraisal of the Work of August Derleth", The Capital Times, July 9, 1971.
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August Derleth | Further reading | Further reading
Robert Bloch. "Two Great Editors". Is No 4 (Oct 1971). Reprint in Bloch's Out of My Head. Cambridge MA: NESFA Press, 1986, 71–79.
Lin Carter. "A Day in Derleth Country". Is No 4 (Oct 1971). Reprint in Crypt of Cthulhu 1, No 6.
John Howard. "The Ghosts of Sauk County". All Hallows 18 (1998); in Howard... |
August Derleth | External links | External links
The August Derleth Society
A biography
August Derleth Bibliography
Derleth Collection guides at University of Wisconsin Libraries: papers; comics
Derleth Collection guide at Syracuse University
Works
Category:1909 births
Category:1971 deaths
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison a... |
August Derleth | Table of Content | Short description, Life, Career, The ''Sac Prairie Saga'', Detective fiction and "Solar Pons", Youth and children's fiction, Arkham House and the "Cthulhu Mythos", Other works, Bibliography, Awards, See also, Notes, References, Further reading, External links |
Alps | Short description | thumb|upright=1.15|The Dolomites (Italy) are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Alps () are some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia.
Th... |
Alps | Etymology and toponymy | Etymology and toponymy
thumb|upright=1.15|An "Alp" refers to a high elevation pasture frequented only in summer. It often includes several huts and small places of worship (here the Alpe Bardughè in Ticino).
The English word Alps comes from the Latin Alpes.
The Latin word Alpes could possibly come from the adjecti... |
Alps | Geography | Geography
thumb|upright=1.2|The Alps extend in an arc from France in the south and west to Slovenia in the east, and from Monaco in the south to Germany in the north.
The Alps are a crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in an arc (curved line) from east to west and is in width. The mean ... |
Alps | Passes | Passes
thumb|Teufelsbrücke (Devil's Bridge) on the route to the Gotthard Pass; the currently used bridge from 1958 over the first drivable bridge from 1830
The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students, and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train, or foot are known as passes, and usual... |
Alps | Highest mountains | Highest mountains
thumb|upright=1.5|The Eiger (shown along with the Mönch and the Jungfrau) has the tallest north face in the Alps.
The Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) has defined a list of 82 "official" Alpine summits that reach at least . The list includes not only mountains, but also subp... |
Alps | Geology and orogeny | Geology and orogeny
Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century, the now-defunct idea of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains. This theory was replaced in the mid-20th ce... |
Alps | Minerals | Minerals
The Alps are a source of minerals that have been mined for thousands of years. In the 8th to 6th centuries, BC during the Hallstatt culture, Celtic tribes mined copper; later the Romans mined gold for coins in the Bad Gastein area. Erzberg in Styria furnishes high-quality iron ore for the steel industry. Cry... |
Alps | Glaciers | Glaciers
thumb|upright=1.6|right|This illustration of the glacier systems of the Mont Blanc massif by Alexander Keith Johnston was first published 1848 in The Physical Atlas.
In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis... |
Alps | Rivers and lakes | Rivers and lakes
thumb|left|The St. Bartholomew's chapel on the Königssee in Bavaria is a popular tourist destination.Shoumatoff (2001), 31
The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.Chatré, Baptiste, et al. (2010), 5 Although the area is only about 11% of the surface a... |
Alps | Climate | Climate
The Alps are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain. Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine. A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere cause... |
Alps | Ecology | Ecology |
Alps | Flora | Flora
thumb|Stemless gentian (Gentiana acaulis)
Thirteen thousand species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions. Alpine plants are grouped by habitat and soil type which can be limestone or non-calcareous. The habitats range from meadows, bogs, and woodland (deciduous and coniferous) areas to soil-le... |
Alps | Fauna | Fauna
The Alps are a habitat for 30,000 species of wildlife, ranging from the tiniest snow fleas to brown bears, many of which have made adaptations to the harsh cold conditions and high altitudes to the point that some only survive in specific micro-climates either directly above or below the snow line.Shoumatoff (2... |
Alps | History | History |
Alps | Prehistory | Prehistory
thumb|Petroglyphs, Rock Drawings in Valcamonica, Italy, which was recognized by UNESCO in 1979 and was Italy's first recognized World Heritage Site
thumb|Reconstruction of Ötzi mummy as shown in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. The original mummy and his remains and personal belongings are on exhibit at th... |
Alps | Christianity, feudalism, and Napoleonic wars | Christianity, feudalism, and Napoleonic wars
thumb|Suvorov crossing the Alps, by Vasily Surikov
thumb|right|Napoleon passing the Great St Bernard Pass, by Edouard Castres
Christianity was established in the Alps by the Roman people. Monasteries and churches were constructed, even at high Alpine altitudes. The Franks ... |
Alps | Exploration | Exploration
thumb|Mont Blanc massif
Radiocarbon-dated charcoal placed around 50,000 years ago was found in the Drachloch (Dragon's Hole) cave above the village of Vattis in the canton of St. Gallen, proving that the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people. Seven bear skulls from the cave may have been buried ... |
Alps | The Romantics and Alpinists | The Romantics and Alpinists
thumb|upright|Wanderer above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David Friedrich
Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen, published in 1732 described the mountains as an area of mythical purity.Beattie, (2006), 121–123 Jean-Jacques Rousseau presented the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, in his nove... |
Alps | The Nazis | The Nazis
thumb|left|The Nazis hid looted art in salt mines at Altaussee, such as the Early Netherlandish Ghent Altarpiece which sustained significant damage.
In autumn 1932, Adolf Hitler commissioned the first of a series of refurbishments, which eventually turned a mountain cottage, later named Berghof, into a for... |
Alps | Undocumented migrants | Undocumented migrants
Smugglers of humans claim that crossing the Alps is less dangerous, or deadly, than traveling 355 km on water between Tripoli and Lampedusa with a tramp ship (carretta del mare) or a dinghy. Undocumented migrants, visa overstayers, false tourists, asylum seekers, and other clandestine humans, lo... |
Alps | Largest Alpine cities | Largest Alpine cities
The largest city within the Alps is the city of Grenoble in France. Other larger and important cities within the Alps with over 100,000 inhabitants are in Tyrol with Bolzano/Bozen (Italy), Trento (Italy) and Innsbruck (Austria). Larger cities outside the Alps are Milan, Verona, Turin (Italy), Muni... |
Alps | Alpine people and culture | Alpine people and culture
The population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus, and on the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and the mountains farming is still essential to the economy.Charte... |
Alps | Tourism | Tourism
thumb|View of the ski resort Bolsterlang, Oberallgäu, Bavaria, Germany
thumb|A ski resort in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Veneto, Italy
thumb|Karl Schranz running the Lauberhorn in 1966
The Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such as Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in... |
Alps | Avalanche/snow-slide | Avalanche/snow-slide
17th-century French-Italian border avalanche: in the 17th century about 2500 people were killed by an avalanche in a village on the French-Italian border.
19th century Zermatt avalanche: in the 19th century, 120 homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche.Fleming (2000), 89–9... |
Alps | Transportation | Transportation
thumb|Zentralbahn Interregio train following the Lake Brienz shoreline, near Niederried in Switzerland
The region is serviced by of roads used by six million vehicles per year. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance of track for every in a country such as Switzerland."Rail... |
Alps | Notes | Notes |
Alps | References | References |
Alps | Works cited | Works cited
Alpine Convention. (2010). The Alps: People and pressures in the mountains, the facts at a glance
Allaby, Michael et al. The Encyclopedia of Earth. (2008). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Beattie, Andrew. (2006). The Alps: A Cultural History. New York: Oxford University Press.
Benniston,... |
Alps | External links | External links
17, 2005 Satellite photo of the Alps, taken on August 31, 2005, by MODIS aboard Terra
Official website of the Alpine Space Programme This EU-co-funded programme co-finances transnational projects in the Alpine region
Category:Geography of Europe
Category:Mountain ranges of Austria
Category:Mountai... |
Alps | Table of Content | Short description, Etymology and toponymy, Geography, Passes, Highest mountains, Geology and orogeny, Minerals, Glaciers, Rivers and lakes, Climate, Ecology, Flora, Fauna, History, Prehistory, Christianity, feudalism, and Napoleonic wars, Exploration, The Romantics and Alpinists, The Nazis, Undocumented migrants, Large... |
Albert Camus | Short description | Albert Camus ("Camus". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. ; ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, dramatist, journalist, world federalist, and political activist. He was the recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44, the second-youngest recipient in hist... |
Albert Camus | Biography | Biography |
Albert Camus | Early years and education | Early years and education
thumb|alt=A postcard showing the University of Algiers|A 20th-century postcard of the University of Algiers
Albert Camus was born on 7 November 1913 in a working-class neighbourhood in Mondovi (present-day Dréan), in French Algeria. His mother, Catherine Hélène Camus (), was French with Balear... |
Albert Camus | Formative years | Formative years
In 1934, Camus was in a relationship with Simone Hié. Simone had an addiction to morphine, a drug she used to ease her menstrual pains. His uncle Gustave did not approve of the relationship, but Camus married Hié to help her fight the addiction. He subsequently discovered she was in a relationship with ... |
Albert Camus | World War II, Resistance and ''Combat'' | World War II, Resistance and Combat
Soon after Camus moved to Paris, the outbreak of World War II began to affect France. Camus volunteered to join the army but was not accepted because he had once had tuberculosis. As the Germans were marching towards Paris, Camus fled. He was laid off from and ended up in Lyon, wher... |
Albert Camus | Post–World War II | Post–World War II
After the War, Camus lived in Paris with Faure, who gave birth to twins, Catherine and Jean, in 1945. Camus was now a celebrated writer known for his role in the Resistance. He gave lectures at various universities in the United States and Latin America during two separate trips. He also visited Alge... |
Albert Camus | Death | Death
thumb|left|alt=Photograph of Camus's gravestone|Albert Camus's gravestone thumb|The bronze plaque on the monument to Camus in the town of Villeblevin, France. It reads: "From the General Council of the Yonne Department, in homage to the writer Albert Camus whose remains lay in vigil at the Villeblevin town hall... |
Albert Camus | Literary career | Literary career
thumb|right|alt=Camus crowning Stockholm's Lucia after accepting the Nobel Prize in Literature.|Camus crowning Stockholm's Lucia on 13 December 1957, three days after accepting the Nobel Prize in Literature
Camus's first publication was a play called (Revolt in the Asturias), written with three friend... |
Albert Camus | Political stance | Political stance
Camus was a moralist; he claimed morality should guide politics. While he did not deny that morals change over time, he rejected the classical Marxist view that historical material relations define morality.
Camus was also strongly critical of Marxism–Leninism, which he considered totalitarian, especi... |
Albert Camus | Role in Algeria | Role in Algeria
thumb|alt=Map of French Algeria showing its administrative organization between 1905 and 1955 |Administrative organization of French Algeria between 1905 and 1955
Born in Algeria to French parents, Camus was familiar with the institutional racism of France against Arabs and Berbers, but he was not part... |
Albert Camus | Philosophy | Philosophy |
Albert Camus | Existentialism | Existentialism
Even though Camus is mostly connected to absurdism, he is routinely categorized as an existentialist, a term he rejected on several occasions.
Camus himself said his philosophical origins lay in ancient Greek philosophy, Nietzsche, and 17th-century moralists, whereas existentialism arose from 19th- and ... |
Albert Camus | Absurdism | Absurdism
Many existentialist writers have addressed the Absurd, each with their own interpretation of what it is and what makes it important. Kierkegaard suggests that the absurdity of religious truths prevents people from reaching God rationally. Sartre recognizes the absurdity of individual experience. Camus's thoug... |
Albert Camus | Revolt | Revolt
Camus articulated the case for revolting against any kind of oppression, injustice, or whatever disrespects the human condition. He was cautious enough, however, to set the limits on the rebellion. The Rebel explains in detail his thoughts on the issue. There, he builds upon the absurd, described in The Myth of ... |
Albert Camus | Legacy | Legacy
thumb|Albert Camus street in La Coruña, Galicia, (Spain).
Camus's novels and philosophical essays are still influential. After his death, interest in Camus followed the rise – and diminution – of the New Left. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, interest in his alternative road to communism resurfaced. H... |
Albert Camus | Tributes | Tributes
In Tipasa, Algeria, inside the Roman ruins, facing the sea and Mount Chenoua, a stele was erected in 1961 in honor of Albert Camus with this phrase in French extracted from his work : "I understand here what is called glory: the right to love beyond measure" ().
The French Post published a stamp with his like... |
Albert Camus | Works | Works
The works of Albert Camus include: |
Albert Camus | Novels | Novels
A Happy Death (La Mort heureuse; written 1936–38, published 1971)
The Stranger (L'Étranger, often translated as The Outsider, though an alternate meaning of is 'foreigner'; 1942)
The Plague (La Peste, 1947)
The Fall (La Chute, 1956)
The First Man (Le premier homme; incomplete, published 1994) |
Albert Camus | Short stories | Short stories
Exile and the Kingdom (L'exil et le royaume; collection, 1957), containing the following short stories:
"The Adulterous Woman" (La Femme adultère)
"The Renegade or a Confused Spirit" (Le Renégat ou un esprit confus)
"The Silent Men" (Les Muets)
"The Guest" (L'Hôte)
"Jonas, or the Artist at Work" (Jo... |
Albert Camus | Academic theses | Academic theses
Christian Metaphysics and Neoplatonism (Métaphysique chrétienne et néoplatonisme; 1935): the thesis that enabled Camus to teach in secondary schools in France |
Albert Camus | Non-fiction | Non-fiction
Betwixt and Between (L'envers et l'endroit, also translated as The Wrong Side and the Right Side; collection, 1937)
Nuptials (Noces, 1938)
The Myth of Sisyphus (Le Mythe de Sisyphe, 1942)
The Rebel (L'Homme révolté, 1951)
Algerian Chronicles (Chroniques algériennes; 1958, first English translation publ... |
Albert Camus | Plays | Plays
Caligula (written 1938, performed 1945)
The Misunderstanding (Le Malentendu, 1944)
The State of Siege (L'État de Siège, 1948)
The Just Assassins (Les Justes, 1949)
Requiem for a Nun (Requiem pour une nonne, adapted from William Faulkner's novel by the same name; 1956)
The Possessed (Les Possédés, adapted fr... |
Albert Camus | Essays | Essays
The Crisis of Man (Lecture at Columbia University, 28 March 1946)
Neither Victims nor Executioners (series of essays in Combat, 1946)
Why Spain? (essay for the theatrical play L'Etat de Siège, 1948)
Summer (L'Été, 1954)
Reflections on the Guillotine (Réflexions sur la guillotine; extended essay, 1957)
Crea... |
Albert Camus | References | References |
Albert Camus | Footnotes | Footnotes |
Albert Camus | Sources | Sources
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Albert Camus | Further reading | Further reading |
Albert Camus | Selected biographies | Selected biographies
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