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The main characteristic of this device are a the tuning efficiency is inversely proportional to the length of the heated coating b thermal tuning does not induce any spectral profile changes c the temperature induced wavelength modulation depends on the packaging and is limited to low frequencies.
W1593524892
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Describing the limitations of the current study
496,169
To produce fiber optic phase modulators, we exploited the change in the refractive index determined by a thinfilm piezoelectric coating sandwiched between metal electrodes.
W1593524892
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Referring to data in a table or chart
726,075.0625
The induced strains are proportional to the electric field applied to the piezoelectric layer zinc oxide or lead titanate zirconate sputtered thinfilms.
W1593524892
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Setting out the research questions or hypotheses
714,430
We found that the response is flat at low frequencies and dominated by strong radial mode resonances above a few MHz up to GHz frequencies.
W1593524892
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
733,470
We also investigated piezoelectric coated fiber Bragg gratings for intensity and Bragg wavelength modulation.
W1593524892
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Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
699,071.0625
Our results indicate that, in these devices, the refractive index of the fiber grating is changed by the straining action of the piezoelectric film.
W1593524892
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
601,919
Finally, we operated an allfiber MachZehnder interferometer, based on two long period fiber gratings, as an intensity modulator.
W1593524892
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
656,307
In this case, a zinc oxide piezoelectric actuator modulates the phase difference between the arms of the interferometer and thus the transmitted intensity.
W1593524892
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
543,151
Piezoelectric actuators allowed for wavelength and intensity modulation up to GHz frequencies, with a response similar to that of the phase modulators.
W1593524892
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
740,936
In conclusion, the allfiber modulators and wavelength tunable filters that we have designed and implemented are characterized by low insertion loss, high electrical power efficiency, small size, and high optical power damage threshold.
W1593524892
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Describing the research design and the methods used
686,708.9375
We believe that such novel devices represent a useful addition to the tool kit of the fiberoptic system designer.
W1593524892
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
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This is a collection of papers in honour of Prof. V. N. Misra, on the occasion of his 70th birthday, and in celebration of a career in Indian archaeology spanning nearly half a century.
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Describing the process: infinitive of purpose
695,924.9375
All the papers included are based on the Ph.D. dissertations of the contributors, divided into two parts part one covers the basics and theory of the thesis, while part two looks at changes and improvements that the author would have made if he had been carrying out the same research today.
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Describing the characteristics of the participants
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The 17 papers cover the period from the Palaeolithic to the early historic age in India, with one on the early historic period in Bangladesh Rahman.
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline: time frame given
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They cover a range of regions, cultural periods and disciplines including prehistory, protohistory, and early historic, with one paper on archaeozoology and one on ethnoarchaeology Thomas and Ansari.
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Within the last few years significant efforts have been made to identify objective reliable diagnostic markers from individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome CFS.
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
672,300.9375
We report the absence of a previously described retroviral marker HTLVII gag in a blinded study of CFS cases.
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Describing the research design and the methods used
681,227.0625
Even with excellent reproducible sensitivities, this marker failed in repeated attempts to distinguish cases from controls.
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Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
712,436.9375
In addition, four other retroviruses simian T cell leukaemia virus, human spumavirus, bovine leukaemia virus and simian retrovirus were examined for their presence in these CFS cases and found to be absent.
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Indicating missing, weak, or contradictory evidence
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Our findings suggest that these agents, at least as markers, are nondistinguishing for CFS and that other factors may be confounding the resolution of an aetiology to this syndrome.
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
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Sota its one new districts of Merauke regency on 2005.
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Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
731,448
The district is located in Taman Nasional Wasur and RIPING Republic of IndonesiaPapua New Guinea boudary.
W3132654423
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
693,642
The aim of the research is to assess agricultural extention of local peasant and to provide the solution by involving 68 peasant
W3132654423
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Stating purpose of the current research with reference to gaps or issues in the literature
652,941
Neurochemistry of Consciousness.
W2165648264
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Suggestions for future work
807,283.0625
Neurotransmitters in Mind.
W2165648264
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Giving reasons why a particular method was rejected
809,056
Edited By Elaine Perry, Heather Ashton amp Allan Young.
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Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form
806,415.0625
Amsterdam John Benjamins Publishing.
W2165648264
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
818,734
2002.
W2165648264
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Reporting positive and negative reactions
708,523.0625
344 pp. 65.00 pb.
W2165648264
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Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach
696,524.9375
ISBN 90 272 5156 8 Volume 182 Issue 5
W2165648264
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Describing the process: adverbs of manner
811,884.9375
Recent developments about the construction of standard SO10 and SU5 grand unified theories from 4dimensional superstrings are presented.
W1802275343
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Describing the research design and the methods used
673,000.9375
Explicit techniques involving higher level affine Lie algebras, for obtaining such stringGUTs from symmetric orbifolds are discussed.
W1802275343
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Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
748,368
Special emphasis is put on the different constraints and selection rules for model building in this string framework, trying to disentangle those which are generic from those depending on the orbifold construction proposed.
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
764,948.9375
Some phenomenological implications from such constraints are briefly discussed.
W1802275343
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Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
749,687.0625
Genetic technology in the late 20th early 21st century have become part of medical practice.
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
739,155.0625
Humanity is looking forward to genetics, which, through its opening, can change the fate of his contemporaries and descendants, giving them a better predestination....
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
724,976
In historical perspective genetics an enzyme that accelerates the physical and moral perfection of mankind, and so it will remain backbone of the civilization of XXI century.
W2561180976
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Noting implications of the findings
799,198
Genetic diagnosis and counseling have become one of the types of care.
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Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
789,263.0625
Developed technology of gene therapy and engineering.
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
816,620
In the field of modern genetic technology dominates the trend towards the development of technologies to design, modify the biological nature of man, in particular, the technology of genetic modification of organisms and animals, gene therapy, cloning animals.
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
543,306
It is important for employer and employee to set up the term, when they conclude fixedterm employment contract.
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Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed
665,635
It is the basic purpose of the section 661, Civil Act to restrict the term, but only there is under any unavoidable cause, the contract can be exceptionally canceled.
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[ { "m": "Introducing the limitations of the current study", "s": 636885 }, { "m": "Stating what is currently known about the topic", "s": 661909 }, { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current study", "s": 689290 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings...
Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
626,335
By the Civil Code thus recognizing an equal right in both parties with respect to to terminate a the practical meaning of of can given the essential inequality between employers and workers have the effect of adding to the employers already superior economic power.
W1857072501
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[ { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current study", "s": 670584 }, { "m": "Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)", "s": 679707.0625 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 689604 }, { "m": "Establishing th...
Stating purpose of the current research with reference to gaps or issues in the literature
580,854
Because the freedom of dismissal inflicts a major disadvantage on a worker who is dismissed, it is subject to a variety of controls.
W1857072501
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[ { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 698363.0625 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the current study", "s": 709600 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world ...
Describing the process: sequence words
672,438
Where an employment contract is for an fixed period, the employer may not as a general rule dismiss the worker during that period, but is permitted immediately to cancel the contracti.e., promptly to dismiss a worker only if any unavoidable cause exists.
W1857072501
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[ { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 714075.0625 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 720072.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 731355.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to secondary sour...
Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
702,319.0625
Because dismissing the worker during that period is limited by the section 23 1, Labor Standards Law.
W1857072501
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[ { "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": 800050 }, { "m": "Comparing the result: contradicting previous findings", "s": 830315.0625 }, { "m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)", "s": 845603.0625 }, {...
Describing the process: statistical procedures
686,504
If that cause is due to the employers fault, the employer will be liable to the worker in damages.
W1857072501
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[ { "m": "Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research", "s": 670155 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": 707815.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach ", "s": 736520 }, { "m": "Transition: mo...
Referring to secondary sources
629,116
By contrast, where the actual continuation of the labor relationship after the expiration of the contract period has caused that period to be impliedly renewed, the employer may dismiss the employee during the renewed period in the same manner, as under a contract without a fixed period.
W1857072501
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[ { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current study", "s": 652075 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 668782 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 685556.9375 }, { "m": "Advising cautious...
Describing the characteristics of the participants
634,705
In conclusion, when the fixedterm become less important in the fixedterm employment contract, it is not only the cancellation of a contract under any unavoidable cause by the section 661, Civil Act, but also the dismissal for good reason by the section 23 1, Labor Standards Law.
W1857072501
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 646377 }, { "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": 646556 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 652418 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in t...
Referring to important texts in the area of interest
626,476
Archaeobotanical samples of barley Hordeum vulgare L. found at Qasr Ibrim display a tworow phenotype that is unique to the region of archaeological sites upriver of the first cataract of the Nile, characterised by the development of distinctive lateral bracts.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 658818 }, { "m": "Explaining the provenance of the participants", "s": 680136.9375 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 708076.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a k...
Introducing the limitations of the current study
654,081
The phenotype occurs throughout all strata at Qasr Ibrim, which range in age from 3000 to a few hundred years.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 701530 }, { "m": "General comments on the relevant literature", "s": 718451.0625 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Introducing excerpts from interview data", "s": 719400 }, { "m": "Introducing the limitations...
Outlining the structure of a thesis or dissertation
673,875.0625
We extracted ancient DNA from barley samples from the entire range of occupancy of the site, and studied the Vrs1 gene responsible for row number in extant barley.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 668352 }, { "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": 678523.0625 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 680268 }, { "m": "Intr...
Explaining the provenance of the participants
643,278
Surprisingly, we found a discord between the genotype and phenotype in all samples all the barley had a genotype consistent with the sixrow condition.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": 696791.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": 762147.0625 }, { "m": "Comparing the result: contradicting previous findings", "s": 779436.9375 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal int...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
661,558
These results indicate a sixrow ancestry for the Qasr Ibrim barley, followed by a reassertion of the tworow condition.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": 819187.0625 }, { "m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings", "s": 821872.9375 }, { "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": 824002 }, { "m": "Comparing the result: contradicting pre...
General comments on the relevant literature
771,112.9375
Modelling demonstrates that this sequence of evolutionary events requires a strong selection pressure.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "Detailing specific limitations", "s": 812480.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 816103.0625 }, { "m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings", "s": 832872.9375 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or con...
Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
790,379.0625
The tworow phenotype at Qasr Ibrim is caused by a different mechanism to that in extant barley.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "General reference to previous research or scholarship: highlighting negative outcomes", "s": 628879 }, { "m": "Referring to secondary sources", "s": 641164 }, { "m": "Reference to previous research: important studies", "s": 666774 }, { "m": "Establishing the importanc...
Referring to important texts in the area of interest
571,880
The strength of selection required for this mechanism to prevail indicates that the barley became locally adapted in the region in response to a local selection pressure.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent", "s": 700524.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 720176.9375 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 737860...
Identifying a controversy within the field of study
696,260
The consistency of the genotypephenotype discord over time supports a scenario of adoption of this barley type by successive cultures, rather than the importation of new barley varieties associated with individual cultures.
W1998675758
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[ { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": 748268.9375 }, { "m": "Implications and/or recommendations for practice or policy", "s": 762438 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 797974 }, { "m": "Establishi...
Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
732,708
The relations of dimensions of selfconcept of adolescents with their academic level, ethnicity, and gender were investigated.
W183186031
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[ { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 603403 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 627612 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 645116 }, { "m": "Establishing the importan...
Explaining the provenance of articles for review
586,100
A selfconcept inventory assessing 11 aspects of selfconcept was administered to a sample of 1,140 eightgrade students stratified with regard to academic level regular class, educationally marginal, learning handicapped, ethnicity white, black, and Hispanic, and gender.
W183186031
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 681050 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 682627.0625 }, { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 707460 }, { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic a...
Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
646,454
Results showed that regular class students had higher levels of selfconcept on most scales than did students who were educationally marginal or learning handicapped the latter two groups showed few differences.
W183186031
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 695342 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society: time frame given", "s": 734480 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline: time frame given", ...
Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
659,414
Black students had higher selfconcept ratings than did white and Hispanic students on most scales.
W183186031
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 728232 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society: time frame given", "s": 745450 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 756240 }, { ...
Explaining the provenance of articles for review
658,814
An interaction on two academically related dimensions of selfconcept revealed that white students who were educationally marginal had the lowest level of academic and verbal selfconcept.
W183186031
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[ { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 686004.9375 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 721092.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of stud...
Transition: moving to the next result
684,016
Implications of the results for theories of selfconcept formation were discussed.
W183186031
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 625599 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 629645 }, { "m": "Implications and/or recommendations for practice or policy", "s": 675824.9375 }, { "m": "Est...
Explaining the provenance of articles for review
588,839
Y, Ce, La, Hf, Ca, and Zr were applied to the surfaces of type 304 and 310 stainless steels and IN 738, a nickel base alloy.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 670666 }, { "m": "General comments on the relevant literature", "s": 732059.0625 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 733610 }, { "m": "Describing the research ...
Outlining the structure of a short paper
635,177
In order to determine the effect of the minor alloying elements in stainless steels on the surface doping effect, Y was applied to three alloy modifications of type 304SS.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Outlining the structure of a short paper", "s": 671180.9375 }, { "m": "Introducing the limitations of the current study", "s": 671580 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 682639.0625 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discip...
Describing the characteristics of the participants
665,421
The presence or absence of Mn and Si in the alloy on the high temperature corrosion behavior was determined.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Outlining the structure of a short paper", "s": 646192 }, { "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": 684723.0625 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 694007.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the pro...
Describing the characteristics of the participants
620,070
Several different doping techniques were used to determine which technique was most beneficial to the behavior of the oxide barrier scale.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 616025 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 619694 }, { "m": "Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research", "s": 634571 }, { "m": "Suggestions for future work", "s": 6...
Explaining the provenance of articles for review
596,215
The application of Y, Ce and La was found to enhance the oxidation resistance of the commercial stainless steels while no benefits were found for alloys doped with Hf, Ca and Zr.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 684523.0625 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 700160.9375 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of th...
Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
602,080
It was determined that Si had to be present in the type 304 SS for the doping process to enhance the oxidation resistance.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Describing the process: sequence words", "s": 708859.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": 715811.0625 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 729506 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting...
Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society
693,522
There was no beneficial effect on modified 304SS containing Mn only or without Mn or Si.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": 739916.9375 }, { "m": "Describing questionnaire design", "s": 748506 }, { "m": "Highlighting interesting or surprising results", "s": 753292 }, { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 758340.9375 }...
Indicating an unexpected outcome
699,576
The yttrium doped and undoped modified type 304SS with Si only showed more resistance to scale spallation than any other type 304SS alloy tested, either commercial or modified.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach ", "s": 817956.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 822135.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 831452.9375 }, { ...
Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
741,602
21 figures, 11 tables.
W1649933222
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[ { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 866096 }, { "m": "Detailing specific limitations", "s": 868548 }, { "m": "Indicating an unexpected outcome", "s": 873796 }, { "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": 877380.9375 } ]
Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
828,907.0625
In this paper, we investigated the influence of addition of Dy sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink40sub Nd sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink40sub Al sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink30sub nanoparticl...
W1884117305
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[ { "m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings", "s": 774354 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 794228 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 802115.0625 }, { "m": "Explaining keywo...
Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
756,555.0625
The nanoparticles with a size smaller than 50 nm were prepared using highenergy ball milling method and then mixed with micrometer Nd sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink2sub Fe sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink14sub B powder before magnetic...
W1884117305
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[ { "m": "Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach ", "s": 712762 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 745899.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 749862 }, { "m": "Descr...
Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
700,784.9375
The structure of the magnets was thoroughly analyzed using Xray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques.
W1884117305
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[ { "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": 797038 }, { "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": 806779.0625 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 806923.0625 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the resear...
Setting out the research questions or hypotheses
795,575.0625
The magnetic properties of the magnets were investigated on a pulsed field magnetometer.
W1884117305
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[ { "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": 706343.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current study", "s": 728276.9375 }, { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": 730864.9375 }, { "m": "Referring...
Introducing the limitations of the current study
642,888
The atoms of Dy were detected mainly at the grain boundaries and partly in the nearboundary area of the grains.
W1884117305
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[ { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current study", "s": 629232 }, { "m": "Describing the process: sequence words", "s": 638710 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes", "s": 650819 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation pr...
Introducing the limitations of the current study
566,015
On adding 2 of the nanoparticles, the coercivity of the magnets is enhanced by quite a large amount, from 12 kOe for the unadded magnets to 21 kOe for the added ones.
W1884117305
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[ { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 603855 }, { "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": 625253 }, { "m": "Suggestions for future work", "s": 631435 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the curre...
Offering an explanation for the findings
596,379
The large increase of the coercivity is probably due to the diffusion of Dy to the Nd sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink2sub Fe sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink14sub B grains to form Nd,Dy sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxli...
W1884117305
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[ { "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": 774590 }, { "m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings", "s": 776584.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 783744.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying ...
Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach
737,259.0625
The nanoparticles might make Dy distribute more homogeneously and diffuse to the Nd sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink2sub Fe sub xmlnsmmlhttpwww.w3.org1998MathMathML xmlnsxlinkhttpwww.w3.org1999xlink14sub B grains more efficiently.
W1884117305
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[ { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 752704.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach ", "s": 755728.9375 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 814484 }, { "m": "...
Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
735,374
A Graphite Pile was built at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the early 1950s to measure emission rates from neutron radiation sources using a BFsub 3 proportional counter.
W113489566
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[ { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 753844 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 780748.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 804367.0625 }, { "m": "Descri...
Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
692,787.0625
The Pile was originally calibrated with a primary standard sup 226RaBe neutron source.
W113489566
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
772,088
The BFsub 3 counter is inserted in the center of the Pile 138.5 cm above the ground surface, while neutron source position varies from 21 cm to 81 cm below the BFsub 3 counter.
W113489566
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[ { "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": 653094 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 692860.9375 }, { "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": 710188.9375 }, ...
Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
644,414
In the past, it was assumed that neutrons emitted by a source would be totally thermalized by the time they reached the detector.
W113489566
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
646,168
Also, the detection efficiency was used for other neutron sources and the differences in energy spectra were not taken into account.
W113489566
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[ { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 664337 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 688672.9375 }, { "m": "Describing the research design and the methods use...
Describing the process: using + instrument
593,952
Detailed Monte Carlo calculations were performed to determine Pile response functions for sourcetodetector distances of 21 cm, 31 cm, 51 cm, and 81 cm.
W113489566
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[ { "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": 807968.9375 }, { "m": "Some ways of introducing quotations", "s": 853863.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current study", "s": 875666 }, { "m": "Referring to secondary sources", "s": 884772...
Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)
757,028.9375
These response functions are then folded to energy spectra of ten different neutron sources sup 252Cf, sup 241AmF, sup 241AmB, sup 241AmBe, sup 241AmLi, sup 238PuLi, sup 239PuBe, sup 226RaBe, PoBe, and sup 242CmBe, whose neutron spectra are known.
W113489566
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[ { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 804030 }, { "m": "Describing what other writers do in their published work", "s": 807731.0625 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 834378 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field ...
Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
796,112
Results show that detection efficiencies are about 2.5 E3 at the shortest distance 21 cm, and for differentmore sources they can differ by 40 at that distance.
W113489566
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[ { "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": 768035.0625 }, { "m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings", "s": 774587.0625 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes", "s": 819618 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting response rates", ...
Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
729,295.0625
Conversely, at the largest distance 81 cm, Pile response functions are relatively flat with respect to neutron energy.
W113489566
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[ { "m": "Describing questionnaire design", "s": 794554 }, { "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": 794650 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 799820.9375 }, { "m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings", "s": 805532...
Previewing a chapter
729,491.0625
Moreover, detection efficiencies differ only by about 5, but the absolute efficiency is about 2.0 E4.less
W113489566
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[ { "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": 839756 }, { "m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was rejected", "s": 844475.0625 }, { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": 847107.0625 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 850...
Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
827,464
A lymphoid cell line CKa was established from peripheral blood of an infant with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of nonT, nonB cell type with mediastinal tumor.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 728547.0625 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 747800 }, { "m": "Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach ", "s": 755732 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the...
Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
715,191.0625
The CKa cells were positive for surface immunoglobulins, EpsteinBarr virusspecific nuclear antigen, HLADR and Leu 12 antigens, and negative for sheep erythrocyterosettereceptor, and Leu 1, 2, 3 and 4 antigens.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 747496 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 755747.0625 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions", "s...
Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
736,076.9375
Budding particles were detected in electron micrographs of ultrathin sections of the CKa cells.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 643844 }, { "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": 651073 }, { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 703410 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of ...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
560,327
In the culture media of CKa cells, particles with a buoyant density of 1.16 gml and labeled with 3Huridine and 35Smethionine but not with 3Hthymidine were found to carry reverse transcriptase activity which preferred Mg2 to Mn2.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": 748863.0625 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 782538 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 782963.0625 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for ...
Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
664,464
Enveloped particles of 80 to 120 nm in diameter were detected in the fractions at 1.16 gml by electron microscopy.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 695288.9375 }, { "m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)", "s": 723991.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": 727604 }...
Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
693,919.0625
Thus, the particles had properties compatible with a definition of Retroviridae, and were tentatively named CK virus CKV.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 758016 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 768859.0625 }, { "m": "Indicating missing, weak, or contradictory evidence", "s": 801884 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findi...
Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
730,956
The genome size of CKV RNA determined by agaroseacrylamide composite gel electrophoresis was 6.1 0.2 kb.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Referring to data in a table or chart", "s": 844128 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 852471.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 881132 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
796,412.9375
Immune electroblotting assay detected antibody reactive with a CKV protein with a molecular weight of 67,000 in the serum of the patient, but not in sera of an adult T cell leukemia patient and healthy controls.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 669146 }, { "m": "Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)", "s": 674872 }, { "m": "Referring to secondary sources", "s": 736036.9375 }, { "m": "Offering an expla...
Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
611,060
No syncytia were formed by mixed cultures of CKa and XC cells.
W1026637724
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[ { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 717851.0625 }, { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 726646 }, { "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": 745420 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the current s...
Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
701,755.0625