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Genetic variation is of fundamental importance to biological evolution, yet we still know very little about how it is maintained in nature. Because many species inhabit heterogeneous environments and have pronounced local adaptations, gene flow between differently adapted populations may be a persistent source of genet... |
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes serious skin and soft-tissue infections of humans and animals. Multiple strains of MRSA have been characterized, and one in particular, designated as strain USA 500, causes infections predominantly of horses and the people who work with them. The purpose of this ... |
In the last decade, continued efforts in pancreas cancer research have led to the development of new, more effective therapies. Additionally, progress in understanding the molecular processes underlying the development and progression of this disease provides hope for the development of more effective treatment strateg... |
An amorphous silicon photodiode array was fabricated using a thin-film PECVD process. The 256 by 256 array contains 65,536 pixels on 200 micrometers centers and measures 5 cm on a side. A pixel configuration containing switching diodes instead of the more common TFT switch approach is used to address pixels. The result... |
In the preceding article,1 Weber and van Eldik (W&E) criticized our paper2 “Phantom Activation Volumes” (PAV). We had reported four examples of increase in rate with rising viscosity of thermal pericyclic reactions: an intermolecular Diels-Alder (DA),3 an intramolecular DA,3,4 a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC),3 and... |
The intervention for the conservation of an historical building, whatever its architectural and / or artistic value, is more appropriate as much profound is the knowledge of the building. The aim of the research is to reconsider the definition of the possibility of intervention on built heritage, planning restoration i... |
Cancer cell dissemination to the sentinel lymph node associates with poor patient outcomes, particularly in breast cancers. How cancer cells egress the primary tumor upon interfacing with the lymphatic vasculature is complex and driven by dynamic interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells including cancer asso... |
wimming is a healthy exercise that is well tolerated by asthmatics because it induces less severe bronchoconstriction than other forms of physical activity. This protective effect of swimming probably results from the high humidity of inspired air at water level, which reduces respiratory water loss and possibly osmola... |
Traditional medicinal plants have long been recognized as remedies and important sources of treatment for developing countries. In the present study, we report on a detailed study to quantify the presence of five known phytoestrogens in 10 widely used herbs used in the Middle East. Surprisingly some of these plants wer... |
Against the backdrop of the current legal environment for civil society organizations (CSOs/NPOs) in China (describe in the paper), this article outlines current developments that tend to suggest there is an opening of space for operations of those organizations. It has been published in the January 2011 issue of the I... |
The fast detection of pigs is a crucial aspect for a surveillance environment intended for the ultimate purpose of the 24 h tracking of individual pigs. Particularly, in a realistic pig farm environment, one should consider various illumination conditions such as sunlight, but such consideration has not been reported y... |
A 49-year old woman with a 5-year history of Cushing's syndrome was evaluated. Biochemical measurements revealed high cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels consistent with the ACTH-dependent type of Cushing's syndrome. However, the source of ACTH seemed to be autonomous as she demonstrated abnormal fee... |
The effect of a single large dose of ethanol (5 mg/kg body weight) on plasma glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) concentrations was studied in rats fasting for 24 hr. Hepatic cAMP concentration and blood glucose were also estimated and correlated with hormonal changes. Plasma IRG concentrations had doubled by the first sa... |
Objectives: 1) Describe the differences in distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) results in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with noise exposure. 2) Discuss optimal newborn hearing screen protocols for capturing at-risk NICU graduat... |
T he greatest challenge of brain research for educators does not lie in understanding the ana tomical intricacies of brain functioning but in comprehending the vastness, complexity, and potential of the hu man brain. What we are beginning to discover about the role of emotions, stress, and threat in learning and about ... |
This study compared the social skills of 30 Semiprofessional Actors, 30 undergraduate Drama Students and 30 Nonactors. The participants answered a questionnaire containing the Riggio Social Skills Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Inventory, and the Extraversion subscale from the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The p... |
Video object segmentation has attracted considerable research interest these years. Top-performing video object segmentation methods mainly rely on fully convolutional neural networks which are specifically trained for predicting high-performance masks, resulting in a lack of preciseness in boundary details. This paper... |
The rule of sum says that the number of ways to choose an element from one of two disjoints sets is the sum of the cardinalities of the sets. That is, if A and B are two finite sets with no members in common, then |A ∪B| = |A|+ |B|. The rule of product says that the number of ways to choose an ordered pair is the numbe... |
An argument that the material arrangements of information -- how it is represented and interpreted -- matter significantly for our experience of information and information systems. Virtual entities that populate our digital experience, like e-books, virtual worlds, and online stores, are backed by the large-scale phys... |
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) regulatory system has a major impact on bone physiology. Among the modulators of IGFs, a family of structurally related proteins, the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), have been shown to either potentiate or inhibit IGF actions on bone growth. However, the regulation of IGFBP expressio... |
tinctive maritime orientation of the Book of Curiosities, which reflects the priorities of the Cairo-based Fatimid Caliphate that the author is likely to have served. This maritime orientation is also, notably, a naval one, as evidenced by rare maps of such major Fatimid cities as Palermo (in Sicily), Mahdia (in presen... |
In response to an increase in osmolarity or a decrease in plasma volume, surgical patients often experience thirst during the perioperative period. Thirst causes intense discomfort for patients, but perioperative nurses and health care providers have received minimal direction on how to address this concern. This artic... |
In automatic train control systems, which are indispensable for train services, a signal bond is used for positioning of and communicating with trains, and is welded to a rail. If the signal bond welded to the rail falls off over time and loses its electrical connection, trains cannot be operated. This paper proposes a... |
The SIGCSE community has produced much analysis of the dynamics causing women to choose Computer Science in disproportionately low numbers. In truth, we have learned that the factors are complex and contextual. This panel presents dynamics affecting women in four different institutions and explores the possibilities fo... |
Median arcuate ligament syndrome is a rare condition characterized by extrinsic compression of celiac artery and celiac plexus by the median arcuate ligament. Patients typically present with chronic postprandial pain, nausea and occasionally, vomiting and weight loss. Treatment of this syndrome is laparoscopic or open ... |
Objective. To investigate whether there is any relation between oxidative stress and the antioxidant system in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by measuring serum nitric oxide (NO) levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity (a generator of reactive oxygen species) and antioxidant status by measuring s... |
In this paper we discuss two types of nominal copular sentences (Canonical and Inverse, Moro 1997) and we demonstrate how the peculiarities of these two configurations are hardly considered by standard NLP tools that are currently publicly available. Here we show that example-based MT tools (e.g. Google Translate) as w... |
Sir Fred Hoyle believes HIV to be of extraterrestrial origin, though some claim that it has escaped from a germ warfare laboratory. Lack of supporting evidence precludes serious discussion of such bizarre hypotheses. This review deals with the theories on the origin of HIV that are scientifically plausible. HIV belongs... |
Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the re-characterization risk inherent in a classic securitization project. The paper highlights the importance of making a more thorough investigation of the true-sale doctrine providing principal tools for minimization of such a risk. The author examines the legal consequ... |
Originally, the creative music workshop involving professional players was intended to give direct support to school teachers and to enhance music in the classroom, but today's large-scale, high-profile projects mounted by orchestras and opera companies appear to be developing into a full-scale industry on their own. T... |
As a leprologist, I found two papers in the issue of March 1980 of particular interest, and I would like to make a comment on each. Regarding the rarity of psoriasis in leprosy patients, my experience during 25 years of leprosy work in England has been similar to (hat reported from Israel.' I do not recall seeing psori... |
The authors report two cases of primary histiocytic malignant lymphoma of the liver successfully treated by right hepatectomy. The first case, was free of secondary spread with a follow-up of ten years, although he received no adjuvant therapy. The second patient developed skin, bone and brain metastases, which disappe... |
The effects of paid parental leave policies on infant health have yet to be established. In this paper we investigate these effects by exploiting the introduction of California Paid Family Leave (PFL), the first program in the U.S. that specifically provides working parents with paid time off for bonding with a newborn... |
A monoclonal antibody HAB5 was raised against human hepatocellular carcinoma. The reactivity of HAB5 was determined immuno-histologically on paraffin sections by ABC technique. Positive reaction was seen in 88% of 50 cases of hepatoma examined, including 2 cases of spindle-cell hepatoma. Positive reaction was also seen... |
The aims of this paper are (1) to provide accurate, statistically founded and "generalized" morphological parameters of labyrinth parts which can be used in recently developed hydrodynamical models of endolymph and cupula movement (cf. OMAN et al., 1987; MULLER & VERHAGEN, 1988a, b), (2) to discuss the implications of ... |
OBJECTIVE |
A watch and wait policy for patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) after external beam chemoradiotherapy (EBCRT) for rectal cancer is an attractive option. However, approximately one-third of tumours will regrow, which requires surgical salvage for cure. We assessed whether contact X-ray brachytherapy (CXB) c... |
METHODS |
From our institutional database, we identified 200 of 573 patients treated by CXB from 2003 to 2012. Median age was 74 years (range 32-94), and 134 (67%) patients were males. Histology was confirmed in all patients and was staged using CT scan, MRI or endorectal ultrasound. All patients received combined CXB and EBCRT,... |
RESULTS |
Initial cCR was achieved in 144/200 (72%) patients. 38/56 (68%) patients who had residual tumour received immediate salvage surgery. 16/144 (11%) patients developed local relapse after cCR, and 124/144 (86%) maintained cCR. At median follow up of 2.7 years, 161 (80.5%) patients were free of cancer. The main late toxici... |
CONCLUSION |
Our data suggest that CXB can reduce local regrowth to 11% compared with around 30% after EBCRT alone. Organ preservation of 62% achieved was higher than reported in most published watch and wait studies. Advances in knowledge: CXB is a promising treatment option to avoid salvage surgery for local regrowth, which can i... |
The research presents the generalization of the moment generating function approach to the problem of the closed-form average symbol error rate calculation (ASER). A Hankel-type contour integral representation of the Gauss Q-function is obtained based on its connection with the generalized Marcum Q-function. The closed... |
The bulk flow of interstitial fluid through tissue is an important factor in human biology, including the development of brain microvascular networks (MVNs) with the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Bioengineering perfused, functional brain MVNs has great potential for modeling neurovascular diseases and drug delivery. Howev... |
PURPOSE |
To support IMRT research, we developed an open-source, computationally efficient, and flexible optimization solver that can solve a wide range of problem formulations, including constrained optimization, convex and non-convex polynomial functions, and hierarchical optimization formulations. |
METHODS |
The solver is an adaptation and modification of the open-source Interior Point Optimization Solver (IPOPT), with some performance enhancements. Previously, we implemented the IMRT optimization based on the commercial Mosek solver. Mosek can solve convex linear and quadratic problems but cannot solve convex or non-conve... |
RESULTS |
Few compared the modified IPOPT code to Mosek for a set of convex quadratic problems using realistic, anonymized treatment planning data and dose data accessed using CERR. These problems have a unique global minimum and both solvers were observed to give the same results for eight head and neck planning datasets. The m... |
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