text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
previously , we reported that some kinds of lipids ( cholesterol esters , triglycerides , and some negatively charged phospholipids ) that are constituents of lipoproteins or cell membranes induce growth of peripheral macrophages in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
44,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
159,
171
]
} |
heterogeneity among human t cell clones recognizing an hla-dr4 , dw4-restricted epitope from the 18-kda antigen of mycobacterium leprae defined by synthetic peptides . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
80,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
104,
111
]
} |
we examined the heavy chain v genes expressed by an unusual cll that secretes rheumatoid factor ( rf ) autoantibodies but does not express the cd5 surface ag . | NA | {
"id": "C0035448",
"name": "rheumatoid factor",
"pos": [
78,
95
]
} | {
"id": "C0004358",
"name": "autoantibodies",
"pos": [
103,
117
]
} |
such molecules include the semisynthetic heparinoids , pentosan polysulphate ( pps ) , dextran sulphate ( ds ) and glycosaminoglycan polysulphates ( gagps ) , as well as the naturally occurring polysulphated polysaccharides , chondroitin sulphate e , and the 2,6-disulphated galactoses of carrageenans . | NA | {
"id": "C0032594",
"name": "polysaccharides",
"pos": [
208,
223
]
} | {
"id": "C0007289",
"name": "carrageenans",
"pos": [
289,
301
]
} |
the antibody ( mab 5-b-10 ) did not significantly cross-react with other sulphated polysaccharides such as heparin , heparan sulphate , the chondroitin sulphates , a , b , c or d , or keratan sulphate . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "mab",
"pos": [
15,
18
]
} |
other potential applications of the assay are in the detection of non-immobilised antigens by an indirect method using anti-globulin on nitrocellulose , in the generation of bispecific antibodies and the selection and characterisation of antibody specificities generated by the expression of antibody fragments in bacteria or yeasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0206492",
"name": "bispecific antibodies",
"pos": [
174,
195
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
292,
300
]
} |
substantially increased sensitivity of the spot-elisa for the detection of anti-insulin antibody-secreting cells using a capture antibody and enzyme-conjugated insulin . | NA | {
"id": "C0021644",
"name": "anti-insulin antibody",
"pos": [
75,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
129,
137
]
} |
the assay is based on the binding of secreted antibodies by immobilised isotype-specific capture antibodies and subsequent detection of insulin-specific antibodies with a conjugate of human insulin and alkaline phosphatase ( hi-ap ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
136,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0795635",
"name": "human",
"pos": [
184,
189
]
} |
compared with the conventional approach , using antigen for coating and employing an enzyme-linked detecting antibody , this technique improved the detection of murine cells secreting anti-insulin antibodies of different igg subclasses . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
109,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0021644",
"name": "anti-insulin antibodies",
"pos": [
184,
207
]
} |
in this review , we compare the relatively nonspecific agglutinating properties of lectins and the selective cell targeting capabilities of antibodies and bispecific antibody constructs for studying cell-cell interactions in immunobiology . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
140,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C0206492",
"name": "bispecific antibody",
"pos": [
155,
174
]
} |
a series of hiv seroconversion panels was tested by igm and iga immunoblot after protein g treatment in order to evaluate igg removal and to study appearance of igm and iga antibodies in early hiv infection . | NA | {
"id": "C0019699",
"name": "hiv seroconversion",
"pos": [
12,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0019693",
"name": "hiv",
"pos": [
193,
196
]
} |
a further advantage is the accessibility of epitopes on a given antigen since the antigen is presented by a solid-phase mab , in contrast to assays in which the antigen itself is adsorbed onto the solid phase . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
44,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
161,
168
]
} |
in the presence of antigen , the coated and soluble antibody will compete for the same epitope , without formation of a ternary complex . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
19,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
87,
94
]
} |
at the end of the 24-hour period post-myelography , the visual analogue pain intensity scale was administered to subjects with documented subjective complaints of headache pain . | NA | {
"id": "C0018681",
"name": "headache",
"pos": [
163,
171
]
} | {
"id": "C0030193",
"name": "pain",
"pos": [
172,
176
]
} |
haptoglobin , an acute phase reactant protein , has been shown to modulate various facets of immune responses . | NA | {
"id": "C0018595",
"name": "haptoglobin",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "acute phase",
"pos": [
17,
28
]
} |
spleen cells from normal c3h/he or balb/c mice generate cytotoxic t-lymphocyte ( ctl ) responses to both trinitrophenyl ( tnp ) -modified syngeneic cells ( tnp-self ) and allogeneic cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
7,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C3485979",
"name": "allogeneic cells",
"pos": [
171,
187
]
} |
although there exists a toxic synergism between bcg or mdp and endotoxin , the effect of certain mdp derivatives was not related to an increased susceptibility to the toxicity of lps . | NA | {
"id": "C0014264",
"name": "endotoxin",
"pos": [
63,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lps",
"pos": [
179,
182
]
} |
since lbp concentrations change during an acute phase response , complexation of lps with lbp is a mechanism that may regulate neutrophil responses in vivo during inflammation . | NA | {
"id": "C0001349",
"name": "acute phase response",
"pos": [
42,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0021368",
"name": "inflammation",
"pos": [
163,
175
]
} |
the reentrant ventricular tachycardia or isolated ventricular extrabeats modified the exit block patterns of the parasystolic tachycardia . | NA | {
"id": "C0042514",
"name": "ventricular tachycardia",
"pos": [
14,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0039231",
"name": "tachycardia",
"pos": [
126,
137
]
} |
the 68k nuclear protein was detected 2 to 3 h after appearance of the 72k protein in human embryonal lung ( hel ) cells infected with hcmv . | NA | {
"id": "C0028589",
"name": "nuclear protein",
"pos": [
8,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
74,
81
]
} |
this region in the prdna was highly polymorphic between bhv-4 strains , even in a viral dna preparation from a plaque-purified strain . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "prdna",
"pos": [
19,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0012939",
"name": "viral dna",
"pos": [
82,
91
]
} |
the differential reactivity of these monoclonal antibodies indicated that common conserved antigenic epitopes are shared between sivmac and sivsm with respect to p27 mabs and between sivmac and sivstm with respect to p17 . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
91,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
101,
109
]
} |
one clone , bp5a vsv , did not synthesize rna when mixed with either template or enzyme of wt vsv , and probably had more than one functional mutation that influenced viral rna synthesis . | NA | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
42,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0035736",
"name": "viral rna",
"pos": [
167,
176
]
} |
antibody to human herpesvirus-6 ( hhv-6 ) was measured in cord blood mononuclear cell cultures by a neutralization ( nt ) test , in which the presence or absence of characteristic large cell formation in cells infected with hhv-6 was used as an indicator for neutralization of the virus . | NA | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "blood mononuclear",
"pos": [
63,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
204,
209
]
} |
the nt test could measure antibodies during and just after the appearance of the skin rash in patients with exanthem subitum . | NA | {
"id": "C0015230",
"name": "rash",
"pos": [
86,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0015231",
"name": "exanthem",
"pos": [
108,
116
]
} |
infants and young children of the kibbutzim received the salk polio vaccine during 1957-1961 and the sabin oral polio vaccine since 1961 . | NA | {
"id": "C0032374",
"name": "polio vaccine",
"pos": [
62,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0032375",
"name": "oral polio vaccine",
"pos": [
107,
125
]
} |
the hybrid protein , which comprises the bacterial trple protein and the pre-s2 sequence , was the prominent protein that was found in cell extracts . | NA | {
"id": "C0004627",
"name": "bacterial",
"pos": [
41,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
109,
116
]
} |
from a cdna library constructed from myelin-deficient rat brain mrna , we have isolated and sequenced cdnas corresponding to plp and its alternatively spliced isoform , dm-20 . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "plp",
"pos": [
125,
128
]
} | {
"id": "C0597298",
"name": "isoform",
"pos": [
159,
166
]
} |
the detergent-resistant complex in which gap-43 is found also contains actin ( approximately 5 % of the total protein ) and a neurone-specific cell surface glycoprotein . | NA | {
"id": "C0068563",
"name": "gap-43",
"pos": [
41,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0025248",
"name": "cell surface glycoprotein",
"pos": [
143,
168
]
} |
the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate ( tpa ) was found to stimulate phospholipase d activity in cultured primary astrocytes . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate",
"pos": [
18,
54
]
} |
the soluble and reconstituted protein showed a homogeneous [ 3h ] flunitrazepam binding population and the allosteric modulation of this binding site by gaba , by the pyrazolopyridine , cartazolate , and by the depressant barbiturate , pentobarbital . | NA | {
"id": "C0004745",
"name": "barbiturate",
"pos": [
222,
233
]
} | {
"id": "C0030883",
"name": "pentobarbital",
"pos": [
236,
249
]
} |
the same mu-opioid agonist [ ( d-ala2 , n-me-phe4 , gly5-ol ] -enkephalin ( dago ) ] caused no stimulation when the membranes were exposed to islet-activating protein ( iap ; pertussis toxin ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
63,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0525773",
"name": "dago",
"pos": [
76,
80
]
} |
we demonstrate that nmda-mediated neurotoxicity is markedly potentiated by glycine and other amino acids , e.g. , d-serine . | NA | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
75,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino",
"pos": [
93,
98
]
} |
also consistent with a phospholipid co-factor requirement , the dolichol kinase activity recovered in the partially phospholipid-depleted fraction ( vo ) is markedly stimulated by various molecular species of exogenous purified pc or pe , but not by phosphatidylinositol , phosphatidic acid , phosphatidylserine , phosphatidylglycerol , or sphingomyelin . | NA | {
"id": "C0031676",
"name": "phospholipid",
"pos": [
23,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0771648",
"name": "phospholipid",
"pos": [
116,
128
]
} |
these data suggest ( a ) that the koff constant of [ 3h ] dtlet was regulated by the ionic environment of the delta-opioid receptor , which is clearly dependent on the preservation of cellular structure , and ( b ) that opioid receptors could exist under different states that are regulated , in part , by the intracellular na+ concentration . | NA | {
"id": "C0140057",
"name": "delta-opioid receptor",
"pos": [
110,
131
]
} | {
"id": "C0034801",
"name": "opioid receptors",
"pos": [
220,
236
]
} |
we report a clinico-pathological correlation study in a patient with basilar artery thrombosis , who developed tetraplegia and combined up- and downgaze palsy involving voluntary saccades and visually-guided movements , but sparing the oculocephalic responses . | NA | {
"id": "C0034372",
"name": "tetraplegia",
"pos": [
111,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0522224",
"name": "palsy",
"pos": [
153,
158
]
} |
when compared separately according to gender , the differences between cases and controls are significant in females but not in males . | NA | {
"id": "C0079399",
"name": "gender",
"pos": [
38,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0086582",
"name": "males",
"pos": [
128,
133
]
} |
cardioactive neuropeptide phe-met-arg-phe-nh2 ( fmrfamide ) and novel related peptides are encoded in multiple copies by a single gene in the snail lymnaea stagnalis . | NA | {
"id": "C0027895",
"name": "neuropeptide",
"pos": [
13,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0060608",
"name": "fmrfamide",
"pos": [
48,
57
]
} |
these studies showed ( 1 ) similar distributions of high- and low-affinity 3h-ka binding sites , ( 2 ) identical patterns of immunostaining with the polyclonal antibodies and 2 monoclonal antibodies , and ( 3 ) an antibody binding distribution which closely matched that of 3h-ka binding , suggesting that the antibodies recognize the primary kar in frog brain . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
177,
198
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
310,
320
]
} |
cortical radial glia in culture for 1-2 d resemble radial glia in vivo : they have a long , thin , unbranched process extending from one or both ends of the elongated cell body and are labeled with the monoclonal antibody rc1 but not with antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein ( abgfap ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibody",
"pos": [
202,
221
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
239,
249
]
} |
the neurotoxicity of 3 non-nmda glutamate receptor agonists -- kainate , alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate ( ampa ) , and quisqualate -- was investigated quantitatively in dissociated murine cortical cultures . | NA | {
"id": "C0022266",
"name": "isoxazole",
"pos": [
106,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C0051318",
"name": "ampa",
"pos": [
129,
133
]
} |
for this study , pbmc 's from these patients were preactivated with recombinant interleukin-2 and their killer activity against u251mg cells was investigated in vitro with and without the bispecific antibody . | NA | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "pbmc 's",
"pos": [
17,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
135,
140
]
} |
( 16 dec. , p. 1570 ) , should have read , `` '' dna sequence data presented in this report suggest that the elav gene product is an rna binding protein , based on the presence of rnp ( ribonucleoprotein ) consensus sequences . '' '' | NA | {
"id": "C0085177",
"name": "rna binding protei",
"pos": [
133,
151
]
} | {
"id": "C0035544",
"name": "( ribonucleoprotei",
"pos": [
184,
202
]
} |
brookhaven chemists find new fusion method : firing clusters of heavy water molecules into a deuterium target produces fusion at a surprisingly high rate , but the practical applications are unclear . | NA | {
"id": "C0011745",
"name": "heavy water",
"pos": [
64,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0011744",
"name": "deuterium",
"pos": [
93,
102
]
} |
the interdecadal increases in anchor ice probably result from local upwelling of extremely cold deep water , possibly in response to shifts in the strengths of regional currents . | NA | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
37,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
101,
106
]
} |
in ionic crystals of the form m ( + ) x ( - ) , certain covalently bonded anion groups x ( - ) are particularly associated with instability . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ionic",
"pos": [
3,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
74,
79
]
} |
an impressive growth of modern liquid chromatography continues with an emphasis on the separations of biopolymers , new silica-based and stable polymeric packings , microcolumn techniques , electroosmotically driven separations , and ultrasensitive detection . | NA | {
"id": "C0005554",
"name": "biopolymers",
"pos": [
102,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C0032521",
"name": "polymeric",
"pos": [
144,
153
]
} |
an ammonia gas sensor has been tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of this porous plastic waveguide . | NA | {
"id": "C0002607",
"name": "ammonia",
"pos": [
3,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0017110",
"name": "gas",
"pos": [
11,
14
]
} |
clouds composed of sulfuric acid solution droplets , some treated with ammonia gas , were observed during evaporation . | NA | {
"id": "C0002607",
"name": "ammonia",
"pos": [
71,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0017110",
"name": "gas",
"pos": [
79,
82
]
} |
the results indicate that the formation of minute ammonium sulfate particles from the evaporation of acid droplets produces linear depolarization ratios of delta approximately 0.02 , but delta approximately 0.10-0.15 are generated from acid droplet crystallization effects associated with recycled aerosols and the introduction of ammonia gas into the chamber . | NA | {
"id": "C0002607",
"name": "ammonia",
"pos": [
331,
338
]
} | {
"id": "C0017110",
"name": "gas",
"pos": [
339,
342
]
} |
we model the conditions in which recondensation will obscure the channel in liquid and ice water droplet clouds . | NA | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
87,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
91,
96
]
} |
in both strains , octanoic and decanoic acids , at concentrations up to 16 and 8 mg/liter , respectively , decreased the maximum specific growth rate and the biomass yield at 30 degrees c as an exponential function of the fatty acid concentration and increased the duration of growth latency . | NA | {
"id": "C0011090",
"name": "decanoic acids",
"pos": [
31,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty",
"pos": [
222,
227
]
} |
ammonium sulfate and sodium fluoride were tested in various combinations of 100 to 2,000 mg of nh ( 4 ) -n per liter and 0 to 5,000 mg of f per liter in suspended-growth stirred-tank reactors containing enriched cultures of nitrifying bacteria from a municipal sewage treatment plant . | NA | {
"id": "C0037508",
"name": "sodium fluoride",
"pos": [
21,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0016327",
"name": "f",
"pos": [
244,
245
]
} |
hemicellulolytic bacteria , cellulolytic bacteria , hydrogen-producing acetogens , and acetate- and h ( 2 ) -plus-co ( 2 ) -utilizing methanogens were enumerated by the most-probable-number technique with media containing oat spelt xylan , ball-milled cellulose , butyrate , acetate , and h ( 2 ) plus co ( 2 ) , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0020275",
"name": "hydrogen",
"pos": [
52,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0011744",
"name": "h ( 2",
"pos": [
100,
105
]
} |
acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria were enriched from mine water samples with ferrous sulfate as the substrate at incubation temperatures in the range of 4 to 46 degrees c . | NA | {
"id": "C0302583",
"name": "iron",
"pos": [
12,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0060282",
"name": "ferrous sulfate",
"pos": [
79,
94
]
} |
it has been demonstrated that the metabolic conditions of the algae in their different growth stages strongly influence the capacity for hydrogen peroxide photoproduction , and so the initial formation rate and net peroxide yield became maximum in the mid-log phase of growth . | NA | {
"id": "C0020281",
"name": "hydrogen peroxide",
"pos": [
137,
154
]
} | {
"id": "C0031180",
"name": "peroxide",
"pos": [
215,
223
]
} |
a cell extract of a polychlorophenol-degrading bacterium , rhodococcus sp . strain cp-2 , isolated from chlorophenol-contaminated soil , was shown to dechlorinate tetrachlorohydroquinone , the first intermediate in pentachlorophenol and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol degradation . | NA | {
"id": "C0008257",
"name": "chlorophenol",
"pos": [
24,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0030855",
"name": "pentachlorophenol",
"pos": [
215,
232
]
} |
a beta-amylase-overproducing mutant of clostridium thermosulfurogenes was grown in continuous culture on soluble starch to produce thermostable beta-amylase . | NA | {
"id": "C0002712",
"name": "amylase",
"pos": [
7,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0005194",
"name": "beta-amylase",
"pos": [
144,
156
]
} |
the elemental and molecular composition , pigment content , and productivity of a phycoerythrin-rich nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium-an anabaena strain isolated from the coastal lagoon albufera de valencia , spain-has been investigated . | NA | {
"id": "C0013879",
"name": "elemental",
"pos": [
4,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0028158",
"name": "nitrogen",
"pos": [
101,
109
]
} |
and in synthetic media citrate production by a. niger needs an acidic environment ( ph 2 ) , while the formation of citric acid by penicillium sp . occurred in a ph range of 7 to 4 . | NA | {
"id": "C0008857",
"name": "citrate",
"pos": [
23,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0055819",
"name": "citric acid",
"pos": [
116,
127
]
} |
cations ( na , k , li , and mg ) , purines , purine analogs , and edta inhibited germination at limiting calcium concentrations but not ( except for 10 mm adenine ) at 10 mm ca . | NA | {
"id": "C0034140",
"name": "purines",
"pos": [
35,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0001407",
"name": "adenine",
"pos": [
155,
162
]
} |
germination was not observed in solutions containing xanthine , hypoxanthine , caffeine , theophylline , 6,8-dihydroxypurine , adenine , allopurinol , formate , glycine , or acetate , even though some of the purines are growth substrates . | NA | {
"id": "C0001407",
"name": "adenine",
"pos": [
127,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0034140",
"name": "purines",
"pos": [
208,
215
]
} |
germination was not observed in solutions containing xanthine , hypoxanthine , caffeine , theophylline , 6,8-dihydroxypurine , adenine , allopurinol , formate , glycine , or acetate , even though some of the purines are growth substrates . | NA | {
"id": "C0002144",
"name": "allopurinol",
"pos": [
137,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C0034140",
"name": "purines",
"pos": [
208,
215
]
} |
the existence of a fourth ap ( ap iv ) that is involved in leucyl-ap activity was suggested . | NA | {
"id": "C0052527",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
17,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0002570",
"name": "ap",
"pos": [
66,
68
]
} |
the effect of yeast extract on d. aesta could be reproduced by a mixture of amino acids approximating its amino acid composition . l-alanine , l-aspartate , and l-methionine , in combination , were the most effective in reducing the lag phase , although not as effective as the complete mixture . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
76,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
133,
140
]
} |
although thymidine incorporation has been assumed to measure dna synthesis thymidine incorporation appeared to underestimate the independently measured bacterial dna synthesis by at least 1.5- to 13-fold , even if all incorporated label was assumed to be in dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0012924",
"name": "bacterial dna",
"pos": [
152,
165
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
258,
261
]
} |
seven of these foals developed antibodies to equi factors as determined in a neutralizing antibody assay . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
31,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0475463",
"name": "neutralizing antibody",
"pos": [
77,
98
]
} |
the total amount of p element dna and the frequency of flies containing p elements increased each generation . | NA | {
"id": "C0013879",
"name": "element",
"pos": [
22,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0031705",
"name": "p elements",
"pos": [
72,
82
]
} |
although additional examples of plants containing these isozyme pairs are accumulating , some studies in the literature report the presence of only the single plastidic ds or cm enzyme . | NA | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozyme",
"pos": [
56,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
178,
184
]
} |
to determine whether or not ip ( 3 ) and other inositol phosphates were present in the carrot cells , the cells were labeled with myo- [ 2- ( 3 ) h ] inositol for 18 hours and extracted with ice-cold 10 % trichloroacetic acid . | NA | {
"id": "C0021554",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
47,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0021547",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
150,
158
]
} |
the vacuolar ph and the trans-tonoplast deltaph modifications induced by the activity of the two proton pumps h ( + ) -atpase and h ( + ) -ppase and by the proton exchanges catalyzed by the na ( + ) /h ( + ) and ca ( 2+ ) /h ( + ) antiports at the tonoplast of isolated intact vacuoles prepared from catharanthus roseus cells enriched in inorganic phosphate ( y mathieu et al 1988 plant physiol [ in press ] ) were measured using the ( 31 ) p nmr technique . | NA | {
"id": "C0018440",
"name": "proton pumps",
"pos": [
97,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0283779",
"name": "h",
"pos": [
450,
451
]
} |
cell-free extracts of spirodela plants were able to catalyze the transfer of palmitate from palmitoyl-coa to acp , suggesting the existence in higher plants of a pathway for acylation of acp that involves transacylation from acyl-coa . | NA | {
"id": "C0030239",
"name": "palmitoyl-coa",
"pos": [
92,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0001374",
"name": "acyl-coa",
"pos": [
225,
233
]
} |
when electrophoretically separated cell extracts or chloroplast stromal fractions were probed with either anti-c. reinhardtii periplasmic carbonic anhydrase antiserum or anti-spinach carbonic anhydrase antiserum , immunoreactive polypeptides of 45 kilodaltons and 110 kilodaltons were observed with both antisera . | NA | {
"id": "C0007034",
"name": "c",
"pos": [
8,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0007028",
"name": "carbonic anhydrase",
"pos": [
183,
201
]
} |
the results showed that some of the water in isolated primordia remained supercooled in the presence of ice nucleation . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
36,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
104,
107
]
} |
although most tissue water froze ( 57.5 % ) following ice nucleation at -2.5 degrees c , a considerable amount of water was found to supercool . | NA | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
54,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
114,
119
]
} |
previous labeling experiments with ( 18 ) o ( 2 ) have supported the hypothesis that stress-induced abscisic acid ( aba ) is synthesized through an indirect pathway involving an oxygenated carotenoid ( xanthophyll ) as a precursor . | NA | {
"id": "C0000843",
"name": "abscisic acid",
"pos": [
100,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C0007271",
"name": "carotenoid",
"pos": [
189,
199
]
} |
the other two hexose kinases utilized only d-fructose and are classified as fructokinases ( ec 2.7.1.4 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0019494",
"name": "hexose",
"pos": [
14,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0016745",
"name": "fructose",
"pos": [
45,
53
]
} |
these results indicate that the action of a mannosidase is the first obligatory step of golgi-mediated processing also in a plant cell and , together with data obtained in other laboratories on the in vitro specificity of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases present in the golgi complex of plant cells , support the hypothesis that the key early reactions in golgi-mediated processing are similar if not identical in plants and mammals . | NA | {
"id": "C0024746",
"name": "mannosidase",
"pos": [
44,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0017976",
"name": "glycosidases",
"pos": [
222,
234
]
} |
the ability of these enzyme preparations , as well as aspartate aminotransferase purified from pig heart cytosol , to use 4-substituted glutamic acids as amino group donors and their corresponding 2-oxo acids as amino group acceptors in the aminotransferase reaction was measured . | NA | {
"id": "C0004002",
"name": "aspartate aminotransferase",
"pos": [
54,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0002594",
"name": "aminotransferase",
"pos": [
241,
257
]
} |
stimulation by sodium or potassium chloride of the aba-induced increase in proline was synergistically enhanced by cacl ( 2 ) or mgcl ( 2 ) as well as by 1,3-bis [ tris ( hydroxymethyl ) methylamino ] propane chloride ( btp-cl ) , n-methyl-d-glucamine chloride ( nmg-cl ) , or 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propandiol chloride ( tris-cl ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0032825",
"name": "potassium chloride",
"pos": [
25,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
316,
324
]
} |
feeding experiments with phenylalanine , tyrosine , or shikimic acid also revealed a reduced turnover of the pools of the aromatic amino acids in the variant . | NA | {
"id": "C0031453",
"name": "phenylalanine",
"pos": [
25,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0301713",
"name": "aromatic amino acids",
"pos": [
122,
142
]
} |
feeding experiments with phenylalanine , tyrosine , or shikimic acid also revealed a reduced turnover of the pools of the aromatic amino acids in the variant . | NA | {
"id": "C0041485",
"name": "tyrosine",
"pos": [
41,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0301713",
"name": "aromatic amino acids",
"pos": [
122,
142
]
} |
cytoplasmic phosphomonoesters and inorganic phosphate , as well as vacuolar inorganic phosphate and polyphosphates , gave rise to the major peaks in ( 31 ) p nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) spectra of the marine macroalgae enteromorpha sp. , ceramium sp. , and ulva lactuca which were collected from the sea . | NA | {
"id": "C0031603",
"name": "inorganic phosphate",
"pos": [
34,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0032575",
"name": "polyphosphates",
"pos": [
100,
114
]
} |
in contrast , nmr-visible polyphosphates were lacking in pylaiella sp . and intracellular vacuolar phosphate seemed to act as the main phosphorus store in this organism . | NA | {
"id": "C0032575",
"name": "polyphosphates",
"pos": [
26,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0031603",
"name": "phosphate",
"pos": [
99,
108
]
} |
in laboratory experiments , polyphosphates decreased in growing u. lactuca which was cultivated in continuous light under phosphate-deficient conditions . | NA | {
"id": "C0032575",
"name": "polyphosphates",
"pos": [
28,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0031603",
"name": "phosphate",
"pos": [
122,
131
]
} |
in contrast , the same organism cultivated in seawater with added phosphate and ammonium , accumulated phosphate mainly in the form of polyphosphates . | NA | {
"id": "C0031603",
"name": "phosphate",
"pos": [
66,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0032575",
"name": "polyphosphates",
"pos": [
135,
149
]
} |
the similar inhibitory effects of methanol , ethanol , and n-propanol at concentrations which did not stimulate ion leakage , and the relationship between activity and lipophilia of the alcohols suggest that their mode of action was through disruption of membranes associated with ethylene action . | NA | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
34,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
45,
52
]
} |
this is supported by the observation of decrease in atp/adp ratios from 1.65 , in absence of nitrate , to 0.93 in the presence of this anion at 30 kilopascals o ( 2 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0028125",
"name": "nitrate",
"pos": [
93,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
135,
140
]
} |
these lipoxygenase species appear also in seedlings of each of three lipoxygenase nulls ( 1x1 , 1x2 , and 1x3 ) deficient in one of the dormant seed lipoxygenases . | NA | {
"id": "C0023837",
"name": "lipoxygenase",
"pos": [
6,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C2936592",
"name": "lipoxygenases",
"pos": [
149,
162
]
} |
the results of experiments in which intact plants of lemna paucicostata were labeled with either l- [ ( 3 ) h ( 3 ) c ] methionine , l- [ ( 14 ) ch ( 3 ) ] methionine , or [ 1,2- ( 14 ) c ] ethanolamine support the conclusion that growth in concentrations of choline of 3.0 micromolar or above brings about marked decreases in the rate of biosynthesis of methylated forms of ethanolamine ( normally present chiefly as phosphatidylcholine , with lesser amounts of choline and phosphocholine ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0008405",
"name": "choline",
"pos": [
259,
266
]
} | {
"id": "C0031716",
"name": "phosphocholine",
"pos": [
475,
489
]
} |
the block is highly specific : flow of methyl groups originating in methionine continues into s-adenosylmethionine , s-methylmethionine , the methyl moieties of pectin methyl ester , and other methylated metabolites . | NA | {
"id": "C0025646",
"name": "methionine",
"pos": [
68,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0042889",
"name": "methylmethionine",
"pos": [
119,
135
]
} |
in 50 micromolar choline , both types of cells metabolized this compound to phosphocholine and phosphatidylcholine , but not to other detected metabolites , and marked accumulations of phosphocholine and choline occurred relative to phosphatidylcholine . | NA | {
"id": "C0031716",
"name": "phosphocholine",
"pos": [
76,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0008405",
"name": "choline",
"pos": [
245,
252
]
} |
loss of the effectiveness of single irradiations with increase in temperature may result either from acceleration of the thermal reversion of the far red-absorbing form of phytochrome or decrease in seed sensitivity toward a given percentage of the far red-absorbing form of phytochrome . | NA | {
"id": "C0031857",
"name": "phytochrome",
"pos": [
172,
183
]
} | {
"id": "C0250581",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
257,
258
]
} |
hexose loss from neutral soluble-sugar pools was sufficient to account for malic acid accumulation with about 95 % of the required hexose accounted for by turnover of fructose and glucose pools . | NA | {
"id": "C0019494",
"name": "hexose",
"pos": [
0,
6
]
} | {
"id": "C0016745",
"name": "fructose",
"pos": [
167,
175
]
} |
the concentration of hexose monophosphates in the stroma fell and the glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate ratio fell from 2.7 to 1.3 , indicating an inhibition of phosphoglucoisomerase as described by k-j dietz ( [ 1985 ] biochim biophys acta 839 : 240-248 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0019494",
"name": "hexose",
"pos": [
21,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0016745",
"name": "fructose",
"pos": [
117,
125
]
} |
the genome of the common bean phaseolus vulgaris contains a small gene family that encodes lectin and lectin-like proteins ( phytohemagglutinin , arcelin , and others ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectin",
"pos": [
91,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
114,
122
]
} |
we identified the product of this gene , referred to as lectin-like protein ( llp ) , as an abundant polypeptide synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) of developing bean cotyledons . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectin",
"pos": [
56,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
68,
75
]
} |
the gene product was first identified in extracts of xenopus oocytes injected with either cotyledonary bean rna or llp-mrna obtained by hybrid-selection with an llp cdna clone . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "llp",
"pos": [
115,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "llp",
"pos": [
161,
164
]
} |
unlike phytohemagglutinin which is a tetramer , llp appears to be a monomer by gel filtration analysis . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "llp",
"pos": [
48,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "llp",
"pos": [
48,
51
]
} |
incorporation of [ ( 3 ) h ] amino acids indicates that synthesis of llp accounts for about 3 % of the proteins synthesized on the er , a level similar to that of phytohemagglutinin . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "llp",
"pos": [
69,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
103,
111
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.