Question: magazines about indie-music

A music magazine born in Memphis, Tennessee that covered the local Memphis underground scene: Cordell Jackson, Panther Burns, Alex Chilton, Grifters, the Southern indie scene (Fetchin' Bones, Pylon, Windbreakers, dB', Flat Duo Jets) as well as touring bands and underground music of the era. PCP, as it was known in the common parlance, moved to Austin, Texas in 1988.

Nowe Książki
Nowe Książki (meaning New Books in English) is the best-known and widely available journal of new publications in Polish language. It a monthly magazine published by the National Library of Poland. The magazine was started in 1949. The headquarters of the monthly is in Warsaw.

Black Flag (newspaper)
Black Flag is the name of a number of anarchist periodicals, most notably the British anarchist bi-annual magazine Black Flag, mainly known for its coverage of international anarchist politics as well as supporting "class war" prisoners.

Azerbaijan International
Azerbaijan International is a magazine that discusses issues related to Azerbaijanis around the world. It was established in 1993 shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union when Azerbaijan gained its independence. Since then, it has been published quarterly in English with occasional articles in the Azerbaijani language in Latin and Arabic scripts. The magazine has offices in Los Angeles and Baku.

Shooting Times
Shooting Times and Country Magazine, more commonly known as the Shooting Times, is a British shooting and firearms magazine, published by IPC Media. The magazine also features articles on hunting, fishing, deer stalking, gamekeeping, gundogs and wildlife. There is also an unrelated magazine simply called Shooting Times published in the United States by Intermedia Outdoors.

M/E/A/N/I/N/G
M/E/A/N/I/N/G was an art publication for dissenting viewpoints. Founded in 1986 by Susan Bee and Mira Schor as a magazine for and by artists, it was first published in New York in December, 1986.Written by artists, the magazine focused on the visual arts. It emphasized feminism and painting, while also including essays by poets. Edited by Schor and Bee, there were  20 issues during the period of 1986 to 1996. The magazine has been published online since then.

The Hibernian
The Hibernian was a monthly Irish magazine with the subtitle "Faith, Family and Country". Twenty-nine issues were published between May 2006 and September 2008.It was launched in May 2006, by Gerry McGeough, formerly a member of the Sinn Féin national executive, as editor, and Charles Byrne, a 28-year-old from Drogheda, who writes as "Cathal O Broin" (the Irish-language version of his name).

Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal & Grindcore
Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal & Grindcore is a book by Albert Mudrian, the founding editor-in-chief of Decibel, a monthly magazine devoted to heavy metal music. The book was first published in 2004 by Feral House and details the evolution of the death metal and grindcore musical genres, from its beginnings as a small subculture exchanging compact cassettes to a genre where some artists reach million-dollar sales.

Avery Anthology
Avery: An Anthology of New Fiction is a biannual literary magazine based in New York City. Founded in 2007 by Stephanie Fiorelli, Adam Koehler, and Andrew Palmer, Avery publishes previously unpublished fiction by previously unpublished, emerging, and established authors. Editor Emma Straub has since replaced Andrew Palmer and Graphic Designer Mike Fusco currently runs Avery's Art Department.

Outsider music
Outsider music is the term used to describe songs and compositions by musicians who are not part of the commercial music industry who write music that ignores standard musical or lyrical conventions, either because they have no formal training or because they disagree with conventional rules.

The Digital Journalist
The Digital Journalist is a monthly online magazine about photojournalism which was launched in 1997 by Dirck Halstead, its editor and publisher. The site provides an online venue for visual storytellers covering a wide range of topics and showcases the work, in photography, videos, and words, of notable photojournalists, print journalists, and young video filmmakers.


Question: magazines about indie-music

Ptolemaic Terrascope is a magazine covering old and new music, usually of a psychedelic nature.  It has been published irregularly since 1989. Originally published by the Woronzow record label, it covers a wide variety of bands and artists from the 1960s to the present day.

Green Anarchist
The Green Anarchist, established in 1984 in the UK, was a magazine advocating green anarchism: an explicit fusion of libertarian socialist and ecological thinking.

Music Educators Journal
The Music Educators Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers in the field of education. The editor-in-chief is Patrick K. Freer (Georgia State University). It was established in 1914 and is currently published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the National Association for Music Education.

Cahiers du cinéma
Cahiers du Cinéma (French pronunciation: [kaje dy sinema], Notebooks on Cinema) is a French language film magazine founded in 1951 by André Bazin, Jacques Doniol-Valcroze and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca. It developed from the earlier magazine Revue du Cinéma (Review of the Cinema) involving members of two Paris film clubs—Objectif 49 (Objective 49) (Robert Bresson, Jean Cocteau and Alexandre Astruc, among others) and Ciné-Club du Quartier Latin (Cinema Club of the Latin Quarter).

SPO:)
SPO:) is a Lithuanian monthly sports magazine owned by media conglomerate UAB MKG. SPO:) is the first and currently only magazine in Lithuania dedicated to recent developments in various sports. Its first issue was published in January 2005. SPO:) includes a large number of color photographs, scouting reports from NBA and Euroleague, and posters in the center of the magazine.

International Journal of Cultural Studies
The International Journal of Cultural Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering cultural studies. The editor-in-chief is John Hartley (Curtin and Cardiff universities). It was established in 1998 and is published by Sage Publications.

International Hip Swing
International Hip Swing is a compilation CD released by the label K Records in 1993. It is centered on the alternative rock, indie pop and twee pop genres.International Hip Swing gathered together a selection of recordings previously released in the series of vinyl "\ EPs entitled International Pop Underground.

Tape.tv
tape.tv is a Berlin-based online music video station. The company was co-founded in 2008 by Conrad Fritzsch and Stephanie Renner. tape.tv hosts upwards of 45,000 music videos from all major labels and an impressive collection of indie labels.  The current reach of the site is around 4 million unique users with an average dwell-time of around 25 minutes. tape.tv is free to the user and is financed through advertisement, which the company labels as " entertainment advertising".

Fan-funded music
Fan-funded music is a type of crowd funding that specifically pertains to music. Often, fan-funded music occurs in conjunction with direct-to-fan marketing. Fans of music have the option to donate and collectively raise money with the goal of jump-starting the career of a given musical artist. The fan-funding of music occurs primarily through web-based services using one of two business models (see comparison of crowd funding services).

List of UK Indie Breakers Chart number-one albums of the 2010s
This is the list of the number-one albums of the UK Indie Breakers Chart during the 2010s.

Lester Bangs
Leslie Conway "Lester" Bangs (December 13, 1948 – April 30, 1982) was an American music journalist, critic, author, and musician. Often cited during his lifetime as  "America's Greatest Rock Critic", he wrote for Creem and Rolling Stone magazines and was known for his leading influence in rock music criticism.


Question: magazines about indie-music

Record Mirror was a British weekly music newspaper between 1954 and 1991 for pop fans and record collectors. Launched two years after the NME, it never attained the circulation of its rival.

Cristion
Cristion is a Welsh language Christian magazine. It is published by a committee of multi-denominationional Nonconformist and Anglican churches in Wales. The magazine is published every two months, and contains articles on Christian subjects in Wales, news items, book reviews, letters and competitions. It was established in 1983.The journal has been digitised by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales.

Wagmag
Wagmag, a Brooklyn Art Guide, is a free monthly listings magazine with information about Brooklyn's numerous contemporary art galleries, including opening receptions and exhibitions.WAGMAG, serves the communities of: Bedford–Stuyvesant, Boerum Hill, Brooklyn Heights, Bushwick, Carroll Gardens, Clinton Hill, Cobble Hill, Dumbo, Fort Greene, Gowanus, Greenpoint, Park Slope, Prospect Heights, Red Hook and Williamsburg.Wagmag is printed and online, listing gallery venues with a 16-page pamphlet publication that lists each month's art, the reviews, how to get about, and a special section for openings and events.Wagmag is produced by "ARTfront, Inc."  a not-for-profit organization and so can be taken for free. @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagmag?oldid=653960582> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Memorial_Chapel,_The_Leys_School> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> The Memorial Chapel of The Leys is situated on the grounds of The Leys School, Cambridge, England. It was built as a memorial to the first headmaster of The Leys, William Fiddian Moulton. Plans for the chapel, designed by architect Robert Curwen, were first presented to the school's second headmaster, W.T.A. Barber; he deemed the project an unnecessary luxury.

International Hip Swing
International Hip Swing is a compilation CD released by the label K Records in 1993. It is centered on the alternative rock, indie pop and twee pop genres.International Hip Swing gathered together a selection of recordings previously released in the series of vinyl "\ EPs entitled International Pop Underground.

Unleashed Music
Unleashed Music is a Los Angeles-based marketing, management, label services and publishing consultancy, as well as an independent record label.

Quest (British magazine)
Quest was a collectable magazine published by Marshall Cavendish as part of their 'Partworks' educational range from the late 1980s and early 1990s, covering a range of science and technology related topics, such as construction, cities, transport and drugs. The magazine was available in fortnightly, hole-punched editions which would often come with a collectable element, such as playing cards for a 'trivial pursuit-like game' or cardboard models.

Indagationes Mathematicae
Indagationes Mathematicae (from Latin: inquiry, search, investigation of the mathematics) is a mathematics journal, originally published by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, department of Mathematical Sciences and currently by the Royal Dutch Mathematical Society. This quarterly journal was first published in 1951.It is printed by Elsevier.

List of UK Indie Breakers Chart number ones
This is a list of the number ones of the UK Indie Breakers Chart.List of UK Indie Breakers Chart number-one albums of the 2000sList of UK Indie Breakers Chart number-one albums of the 2010sList of UK Indie Breakers Chart number-one singles of the 2000sList of UK Indie Breakers Chart number-one singles of the 2010s

Underground comix
Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books which are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, including explicit drug use, sexuality and violence.

LIK
Literatura, Izkustvo i Kultura (Bulgarian: Литература, изкуство и култура "Literature, Art and Culture"), abbreviated to LIK (ЛИК which, as a word on its own also means "image, portrait, likeness") is a monthly magazine covering its eponymous topics, published by the Bulgarian News Agency. The magazine was formerly published on a weekly basis. Its headquarters is in Sofia.

New Youth (Xin Qingnian)
La Jeunesse (or New Youth, Chinese: 新青年; pinyin: Xīn Qīngnián) was an influential Chinese magazine in the 1910s and 1920s that played an important role in initiating the New Culture Movement and spreading the influence of the May Fourth Movement.


Question: magazines about indie-music

Sentimentalist Magazine is an American magazine of indie rock music and culture, published quarterly.Launched in New York City in 2001 as The Sentimentalist, it changed its title to The Sentimentalist Magazine with Issue 14, and then dropped the definite article from Issue 16. As of January 2008, the magazine has been relaunched as an online only publication. It continues to publish "magazine covers" with each monthly online issue.

Wildside Records
Wildside Records is an independent New Zealand record label, owned and run by former Rip It Up magazine editor, Murray Cammick.

Private Eye books
Private Eye, the fortnightly British satirical magazine, has published various books and other material separately from the magazine since 1962.

Kent McClard
Kent McClard is a record label owner and zine publisher from Goleta, California. His work has been a prominent and influential presence in the DIY hardcore and punk scenes.

Love at the Bottom of the Sea
Love at the Bottom of the Sea is the tenth studio album by American indie pop band The Magnetic Fields. It was released in the UK on March 5, 2012 by record label Domino and in the US on March 6, 2012 by Merge.

FQ Magazine
FQ Magazine was launched in 2003 and was the second ‘dad’ magazine to be published in the UK aimed at new dads and single fathers. The first issue featured David Beckham.FQ Magazine targets men whose lifestyles have changed due to having children, but are still interested in fashion, cars and gadgets. Celebrity parents have created an image of dads that like to lavish themselves, and families, with consumer products like designer pushchairs and designer clothes.

Dungeon (magazine)
Dungeon Adventures, or simply Dungeon, was a magazine targeting consumers of role-playing games, particularly Dungeons & Dragons. It was first published by TSR, Inc. in 1986 as a bimonthly periodical. It went monthly in May 2003 and ceased print publication altogether in September 2007 with Issue 150. Starting in 2008, Dungeon and its more widely read sister publication, Dragon, went to an online-only format published by Wizards of the Coast.

Playboy
Playboy is an American men's lifestyle and entertainment magazine. It was founded in Chicago in 1953 by Hugh Hefner and his associates, and funded in part by a $1,000 loan from Hefner's mother. The magazine has grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., with a presence in nearly every medium. Playboy is one of the world's best known brands.

Forward Magazine
Forward Magazine is a Syrian English-language newsmagazine published monthly in Damascus. It was the first private English-language periodical to be licensed in Syria, since all private media was nationalized by Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1958, during the short-lived Syrian-Egyptian union. The magazine started in January 2007, with the motto "The Only Way is Forward." In December 2009, Forward Launched its digital edition in collaboration with Pressmart Media.

Leonardo Music Journal
Leonardo Music Journal is an annual multimedia peer-reviewed academic journal (print and audio CD) published by the MIT Press on behalf of the International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology. It publishes the work of artists who are inventing media, implementing developing technologies, and expanding the boundaries of radical and experimental aesthetics. The journal is a companion volume to Leonardo, the journal of the International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology.

Custom media
Custom media (or, customer media) is a marketing term referring broadly to the development, production and delivery of media (print, digital, audio, video, events) designed to strengthen the relationship between the sponsor of the medium and the medium's audience. It is also called branded media, customer media, member media, content marketing, and custom publishing in the US; contract publishing and customer publishing in the UK.


Question: magazines about indie-music

Skyscraper was an independent music magazine dedicated to coverage of a wide range of progressive and underground music. It was founded by Peter Bottomley and Andrew Bottomley and published its first issue in 1998. The magazine covers various genres of music and is often likened to an American version of Mojo. Its format includes in-depth interviews, music reviews, and articles covering books, film, comics, and social and political issues.

All That We Let In
All That We Let In is the ninth studio album by the Indigo Girls, released in 2004. The cover art is by alternative comics artist Jaime Hernandez of Love and Rockets fame.

PSM3
PSM3 (short for PlayStation 3 Magazine) was a video game magazine specialising in all Sony video game consoles and handheld gaming platforms. It was published by Future plc, a UK-based publishing company.The magazine launched in October 2000 under the name PSM2 and quickly became one of the most popular unofficial PlayStation magazines on the market. It changed its name to PSM3 in issue 78, focusing more on Sony's PlayStation 3, but still covering PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 2.

American Media (publisher)
American Media, Inc. is an American publisher of magazines, supermarket tabloids, and books.

Broken Record Prayers
Broken Record Prayers is a compilation album by British indie pop band Comet Gain.It was released in the UK on 28 October 2008 through M.J. "Woodie" Taylor's own label, Milou Studios.

List of UK Indie Chart number-one albums of 2012
These are the Official Charts Company's UK Indie Chart number-one albums of 2012.

Human Capital Magazine
Human Capital Magazine is the bi-monthly human resources publication of the Singapore Human Resources Institute (SHRI) with readership pool of over 36,000 Singaporean and international HR readers. The magazine is released by People Trends Pte Ltd.

Underground comix
Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books which are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, including explicit drug use, sexuality and violence.

Jump (magazine line)
Jump (ジャンプ, Janpu) sometimes stylized JUMP, is a line of manga magazines created by Shueisha. The origin of the name is unknown. The Jump magazines are intended for the male audience, although the Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine has also been popular to the female demographic.

Ed avevamo gli occhi troppo belli
Ed avevamo gli occhi troppo belli (And We Had Too Beautiful Eyes) is live album by Italian singer-songwriter Fabrizio De André. It was released in 2001 by A/Rivista Anarchica, an Italian anarchist magazine of which De André was a reader and supporter. It mainly consists of recordings of short speeches, which the singer used to make during his concerts.

Dialog (magazine)
Dialog (Dialogue) is the only magazine in Poland which regularly publishes contemporary Polish and foreign plays. This is not to be confused with the quarterly magazine with the same name Dialog; which focuses on Polish-German relations.For years, it has been the most important source of the modern repertoire from all over the world for Polish theatres, and besides the plays themselves, it has also been providing information concerning the most important foreign premieres.


Question: magazines about indie-music

Slant Magazine is an online publication that features reviews of movies, music, TV, DVDs, theater, and video games, as well as interviews with actors, directors, and musicians. The site covers various film festivals like the New York Film Festival.

Holes (album)
Holes, released in 2004, is the first album by indie pop band melpo mene, produced by Imperial Recordings.

Asian Scientist
Asian Scientist is an English language science and technology magazine published in Singapore.

The Independent (Newfoundland)
The Independent is an online newspaper which covers news, opinions and local events, trends, and issues in Newfoundland and Labrador. The original weekly (paper) version of The Independent was founded in 2001. The current online version launched in February, 2011.

Horse&Rider
Horse&Rider (also Horse&Rider Magazine) is a subscription magazine published in the United Kingdom by DJ Murphy.It is issued 13 times per year and features "riding and practical advice for your horse."  It is claimed to be one of the UK's leading equestrian magazines for riders and horse owners.

Broken Record Prayers
Broken Record Prayers is a compilation album by British indie pop band Comet Gain.It was released in the UK on 28 October 2008 through M.J. "Woodie" Taylor's own label, Milou Studios.

Furtherfield
Furtherfield.org is an artist-led online community, arts organization and online magazine.

Dungeon (magazine)
Dungeon Adventures, or simply Dungeon, was a magazine targeting consumers of role-playing games, particularly Dungeons & Dragons. It was first published by TSR, Inc. in 1986 as a bimonthly periodical. It went monthly in May 2003 and ceased print publication altogether in September 2007 with Issue 150. Starting in 2008, Dungeon and its more widely read sister publication, Dragon, went to an online-only format published by Wizards of the Coast.

Blade (magazine)
Blade is a long-running consumer magazine about knife collecting.First published in 1973 under the title American Blade by Southern House Publishing Co. with Blackie Collins as the editor, the magazine's title was changed to Blade in 1982 after its purchase by Jim Parker and Bruce Voyles. In the 1980s, the magazine served as the launching point for an annual convention for knife collectors, the Blade Show; established a Cutlery Hall of Fame; and spun off a trade magazine, Blade Trade.

Rock's Backpages
Rock's Backpages is an online archive of music journalism, sourced from freelance contributions to the music and mainstream press from the 1950s to the present day. The articles are full text and searchable, and all are reproduced with the permission of the copyright holders. The database was founded in 2000 by British music journalist Barney Hoskyns.

Anannya Magazine
Anannya is a women's Bengali-language magazine published fortnightly in Bangladesh since 1987. The magazine has notably championed the role of women in Bangladesh society with its annual awards, which have been given since 1993.


Question: magazines about indie-music

The Wire is a British avant garde music magazine, founded in 1982 by jazz promoter Anthony Wood and journalist Chrissie Murray. The magazine initially concentrated on contemporary jazz and improvised music, but branched out in the early 1990s to various types of experimental music.

Factsheet Five
Factsheet Five was a periodical mostly consisting of short reviews of privately produced printed matter along with contact details of the editors and publishers.In the 1980s and early 1990s, its comprehensive reviews (literally thousands in each issue) made it the most important publication in its field, heralding the wider spread of what would eventually be called fanzine or zine culture.Before the widespread adoption of the web and e-mail beginning around 1994, publications such as Factsheet Five formed a vital directory for connecting like-minded people.

Schooled (magazine)
Schooled magazine is a monthly magazine based in Provo, Utah and has been in operation since 3 September 2003. The magazine is owned and managed by Russ Taylor, who acquired the title in October 2004.Schooled with the motto "for the student, by the student" is written for and by students and focuses on college student life. It targets students at Brigham Young University and Utah Valley State College.

Scientific American
Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm) is an American popular science magazine. It has a long history of presenting scientific information on a monthly basis to the general educated public, with careful attention to the clarity of its text and the quality of its specially commissioned color graphics. Many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein, have contributed articles in the past 170 years. It is the oldest continuously published monthly magazine in the United States.

Playboy
Playboy is an American men's lifestyle and entertainment magazine. It was founded in Chicago in 1953 by Hugh Hefner and his associates, and funded in part by a $1,000 loan from Hefner's mother. The magazine has grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., with a presence in nearly every medium. Playboy is one of the world's best known brands.

Wildside Records
Wildside Records is an independent New Zealand record label, owned and run by former Rip It Up magazine editor, Murray Cammick.

Freak folk
Freak folk is a genre of folk music which uses mainly acoustic instrumentation, but introduces elements of avant-garde music, baroque pop, and psychedelic folk, often featuring uncommon sounds, lyrical themes, and vocal styles.

New Youth (Xin Qingnian)
La Jeunesse (or New Youth, Chinese: 新青年; pinyin: Xīn Qīngnián) was an influential Chinese magazine in the 1910s and 1920s that played an important role in initiating the New Culture Movement and spreading the influence of the May Fourth Movement.

Shooting Times
Shooting Times and Country Magazine, more commonly known as the Shooting Times, is a British shooting and firearms magazine, published by IPC Media. The magazine also features articles on hunting, fishing, deer stalking, gamekeeping, gundogs and wildlife. There is also an unrelated magazine simply called Shooting Times published in the United States by Intermedia Outdoors.

Giramondo Publishing
Giramondo Publishing is an Australian small press. It is a publisher of Australian literary writing and also published HEAT magazine until its closure in 2011.Giramondo was founded by Ivor Indyk in 1995, initially publishing the first series of literary journal HEAT. In 2001 it moved with Indyk to the University of Newcastle.

Multichannel News
Multichannel News is a magazine and Web site published by NewBay Media that covers multichannel television and communications providers, such as cable operators, satellite television firms and telephone companies, as well as emerging Internet video and communication services.Multichannel News was founded by Fairchild Publications and Paul Maxwell. Its first issue was published on Sept.


Question: magazines about indie-music

UKChartsPlus is an independent weekly newsletter about the UK music charts. It was first published in September 2001 as ChartsPlus in order to record authoritatively the official music chart information in the United Kingdom, as compiled by the Official Charts Company. Its publication began after Hit Music ceased publication in May 2001.

Outsider music
Outsider music is the term used to describe songs and compositions by musicians who are not part of the commercial music industry who write music that ignores standard musical or lyrical conventions, either because they have no formal training or because they disagree with conventional rules.

Running Fitness
Running Fitness is a globally circulated monthly magazine for recreational runners, published by Kelsey Publishing in Peterborough, in the United Kingdom.In addition to the printed magazine, the magazine's web sites have provided a valuable resource for runners, including thorough running race event calendars.

NASCAR Scene
NASCAR Scene was a weekly magazine about NASCAR stock car racing published by Street & Smith's Sports Group in North Carolina.  It was established in 1976 and lasted until January of 2010, making it one of the oldest NASCAR-specific publications at the time of this final issue.

New Youth (Xin Qingnian)
La Jeunesse (or New Youth, Chinese: 新青年; pinyin: Xīn Qīngnián) was an influential Chinese magazine in the 1910s and 1920s that played an important role in initiating the New Culture Movement and spreading the influence of the May Fourth Movement.

Unleashed Music
Unleashed Music is a Los Angeles-based marketing, management, label services and publishing consultancy, as well as an independent record label.

FQ Magazine
FQ Magazine was launched in 2003 and was the second ‘dad’ magazine to be published in the UK aimed at new dads and single fathers. The first issue featured David Beckham.FQ Magazine targets men whose lifestyles have changed due to having children, but are still interested in fashion, cars and gadgets. Celebrity parents have created an image of dads that like to lavish themselves, and families, with consumer products like designer pushchairs and designer clothes.

Phrack
Phrack is an ezine written by and for hackers first published November 17, 1985. Described by Fyodor as "the best, and by far the longest running hacker zine," the magazine is open for contributions by anyone who desires to publish remarkable works or express original ideas on the topics of interest.

Fishrider Records
Fishrider Records is a music label based in Dunedin, New Zealand. It was established in 2006 by Ian Henderson. The label styles itself as a "micro-independent" or "underground" label, releasing psychedelic pop and no-wave music. Henderson plays drums for The Puddle, who are currently released on Fishrider Records.

Yaldah magazine
Yaldah magazine is a magazine that was published 10 times a year, but due to costs, they stopped producing the magazine altogether. There is a website that girls still write articles on. As of Spring 2013 Yaldah has almost 3000 subscribers worldwide in the US, Canada, England, Israel, Australia, Spain, China as well as other countries and an editorial board of 19 girls from all over the US and Canada.

List of Moroccan magazines
Magazines in Morocco are published in both Arabic, and French languages. Women's magazines in the country were first published in the 1980s. Below is a list of magazines published in Morocco:


Question: magazines about indie-music

Under the Radar is an American magazine that bills itself as "The solution to music pollution" and features interviews with accompanying photo-shoots. Each issue includes opinion and commentary of the Indie music scene as well as reviews on books, DVDs and albums.Items are reviewed based on a rating system in which each album, book and DVD receives a rating from 1 to 10.

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is a nontechnical online magazine that covers global security and public policy issues related to the dangers posed by nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction, climate change, and emerging technologies and diseases.

Shenandoah (magazine)
Shenandoah: The Washington and Lee Review is a major literary magazine published by Washington and Lee University.

Howler (band)
Howler is an indie rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. The group consists of Jordan Gatesmith on lead guitar and vocals, Ian Nygaard on guitar, and Rory MacMurdo on drums.Howler has received international acclaim, most notably from NME, which named Howler their No. 3 Best New Band of 2011 and included Jordan Gatesmith in their 2011 Cool List. The band has also played festivals like SXSW, The Great Escape, Reading & Leeds and Rock the Garden.

The Spectator
The Spectator is a weekly British conservative magazine. It was first published on 6 July 1828, making it the oldest continuously published magazine in the English language. It is currently owned by David and Frederick Barclay who also own The Daily Telegraph newspaper, via Press Holdings. Its principal subject areas are politics and culture.

Wagmag
Wagmag, a Brooklyn Art Guide, is a free monthly listings magazine with information about Brooklyn's numerous contemporary art galleries, including opening receptions and exhibitions.WAGMAG, serves the communities of: Bedford–Stuyvesant, Boerum Hill, Brooklyn Heights, Bushwick, Carroll Gardens, Clinton Hill, Cobble Hill, Dumbo, Fort Greene, Gowanus, Greenpoint, Park Slope, Prospect Heights, Red Hook and Williamsburg.Wagmag is printed and online, listing gallery venues with a 16-page pamphlet publication that lists each month's art, the reviews, how to get about, and a special section for openings and events.Wagmag is produced by "ARTfront, Inc."  a not-for-profit organization and so can be taken for free. @en <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagmag?oldid=653960582> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Memorial_Chapel,_The_Leys_School> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> The Memorial Chapel of The Leys is situated on the grounds of The Leys School, Cambridge, England. It was built as a memorial to the first headmaster of The Leys, William Fiddian Moulton. Plans for the chapel, designed by architect Robert Curwen, were first presented to the school's second headmaster, W.T.A. Barber; he deemed the project an unnecessary luxury.

VSD (French magazine)
VSD is a French weekly news, celebrity and leisure magazine, published on Thursdays in France. The name is formed from the first letters of the French names for Friday (Vendredi), Saturday (Samedi) and Sunday (Dimanche).

Blade (magazine)
Blade is a long-running consumer magazine about knife collecting.First published in 1973 under the title American Blade by Southern House Publishing Co. with Blackie Collins as the editor, the magazine's title was changed to Blade in 1982 after its purchase by Jim Parker and Bruce Voyles. In the 1980s, the magazine served as the launching point for an annual convention for knife collectors, the Blade Show; established a Cutlery Hall of Fame; and spun off a trade magazine, Blade Trade.

Giramondo Publishing
Giramondo Publishing is an Australian small press. It is a publisher of Australian literary writing and also published HEAT magazine until its closure in 2011.Giramondo was founded by Ivor Indyk in 1995, initially publishing the first series of literary journal HEAT. In 2001 it moved with Indyk to the University of Newcastle.

Culture Northern Ireland
CultureNorthernIreland.org (or CNI) is Northern Ireland's leading arts and culture website, covering music, literature, heritage, sport, dance, theatre, the visual arts and much more besides. With thousands of articles, reviews, profiles, event listings, and multimedia content, CNI is a unique and exciting resource.

Jersey City Magazine
Jersey City Magazine is a bi-annual magazine serving Jersey City, in Hudson County, New Jersey. The magazine is a publication of The Hudson Reporter Assoc., L.P. The company's main office is located in Hoboken.The magazine was founded in 2004.


Question: magazines about indie-music

Venus Zine was a quarterly internationally circulated magazine covering women in music, film, art, entertainment, literature, fashion, indie culture and DIY culture. It was published from 1995 through 2010.Venuszine.com was the daily updated online companion to the magazine. Venus Zine and venuszine.com featured interviews with artists including Yoko Ono, Patti Smith, and Kim Deal in addition to edgy and up-and-coming musicians, designers, writers, actresses, and DIY entrepreneurs.

ExtremeTech
ExtremeTech is a technology weblog about hardware, computer software, science and other technologies which launched in June 2001. Between 2003 and 2005, ExtremeTech was also a print magazine and the publisher of a popular series of how-to and do-it-yourself books.

Kent McClard
Kent McClard is a record label owner and zine publisher from Goleta, California. His work has been a prominent and influential presence in the DIY hardcore and punk scenes.

Shenandoah (magazine)
Shenandoah: The Washington and Lee Review is a major literary magazine published by Washington and Lee University.

Ed avevamo gli occhi troppo belli
Ed avevamo gli occhi troppo belli (And We Had Too Beautiful Eyes) is live album by Italian singer-songwriter Fabrizio De André. It was released in 2001 by A/Rivista Anarchica, an Italian anarchist magazine of which De André was a reader and supporter. It mainly consists of recordings of short speeches, which the singer used to make during his concerts.

Azerbaijan International
Azerbaijan International is a magazine that discusses issues related to Azerbaijanis around the world. It was established in 1993 shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union when Azerbaijan gained its independence. Since then, it has been published quarterly in English with occasional articles in the Azerbaijani language in Latin and Arabic scripts. The magazine has offices in Los Angeles and Baku.

Howler (band)
Howler is an indie rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. The group consists of Jordan Gatesmith on lead guitar and vocals, Ian Nygaard on guitar, and Rory MacMurdo on drums.Howler has received international acclaim, most notably from NME, which named Howler their No. 3 Best New Band of 2011 and included Jordan Gatesmith in their 2011 Cool List. The band has also played festivals like SXSW, The Great Escape, Reading & Leeds and Rock the Garden.

List of Moroccan magazines
Magazines in Morocco are published in both Arabic, and French languages. Women's magazines in the country were first published in the 1980s. Below is a list of magazines published in Morocco:

Cross and Cockade
Cross and Cockade, now called Cross and Cockade International, is a historical magazine about aviation in World War I. The name refers to the black cross and coloured bullseye symbols used respectively on German and British World War I aircraft. The magazine was first published in 1970.

Dessert (magazine)
Dessert (デザート, Dezāto) is a Japanese shōjo manga magazine published by Kodansha. It began as a new shojo magazine in 1996 after the demise of Shōjo Friend. The series that were still ongoing in Shōjo Friend were then moved to Dessert or The Dessert. The magazine's main sales targets are girls in their late teens, and women in their early twenties.

Leonardo Music Journal
Leonardo Music Journal is an annual multimedia peer-reviewed academic journal (print and audio CD) published by the MIT Press on behalf of the International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology. It publishes the work of artists who are inventing media, implementing developing technologies, and expanding the boundaries of radical and experimental aesthetics. The journal is a companion volume to Leonardo, the journal of the International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology.


Question: magazines about indie-music

Volume was a magazine in the form of a series of compact disc compilation albums that were published in the UK in the early to mid 1990s. The albums typically contained exclusive tracks and remixes from a diverse range of indie artists. Each album was packaged with a 192-page booklet that contained features on the artists, and original articles. The booklet was the size and shape of a CD jewel case, and was usually packaged with the CD case in a cardboard sleeve.

Cristion
Cristion is a Welsh language Christian magazine. It is published by a committee of multi-denominationional Nonconformist and Anglican churches in Wales. The magazine is published every two months, and contains articles on Christian subjects in Wales, news items, book reviews, letters and competitions. It was established in 1983.The journal has been digitised by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales.

Awful Mess Mystery
Awful Mess Mystery was the debut album by indie rock band Wolfie, released in 1999 via Mud Records.  In a 2005 article on indie pop, Pitchfork Media's Nitsuh Abebe referred to it as "an insanely good record that hardly anyone likes" but "one of the best albums of the nineties."

The National Locksmith
The National Locksmith (ISSN 0364-3719), first published in 1929, is a magazine dedicated to the locksmithing industry by the National Publishing Co. of Streamwood.

Indies Choice Book Awards
The Indies Choice Book Award (formerly known as Book Sense Book of the Year 2000-2008) is an American literary award that was inaugurated at BookExpo America 2000. The American Booksellers Association (ABA) rededicated the award (previously known as the ABBY) in recognition of a new era in bookselling, as well as the important role the Book Sense Picks List has played for independent booksellers in discovering and spreading the word about books of quality to all stores, and readers, nationwide.

Herald (Pakistan)
The Herald is a monthly political magazine published in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The magazine is owned by Pakistan Herald Publications Limited (PHPL), which also publishes the Dawn Group of Newspapers. The Herald is considered to be a neutral magazine and produces many large or breaking stories. The magazine was started in 1969.

The Ring (magazine)
The Ring (often called The Ring Magazine or Ring TV) is an American boxing magazine that was first published in 1922 as a boxing and wrestling magazine. As the sporting legitimacy of professional wrestling came more into question, The Ring shifted to becoming exclusively a boxing oriented publication. The magazine is currently owned by Oscar De La Hoya's Golden Boy Enterprises.

Cross and Cockade
Cross and Cockade, now called Cross and Cockade International, is a historical magazine about aviation in World War I. The name refers to the black cross and coloured bullseye symbols used respectively on German and British World War I aircraft. The magazine was first published in 1970.

Odra (magazine)
Odra (Polish: Miesięcznik Odra; Oder river in Polish) is a well-established and award-winning Polish monthly art and culture magazine which has the reputation of an opinion-maker. The magazine provides news and commentaries on art and culture in Poland and abroad.

Labor Notes (organization)
Labor Notes is a non-profit organization and network for rank-and-file union members and grassroots labor activists. Though officially titled the Labor Education and Research Project, the project is best known by the title of its monthly magazine. The magazine reports news and analysis about labor activity or problems facing the labor movement. In its pages it advocates for a revitalization of the labor movement through Social Movement Unionism and union democracy.

Shenandoah (magazine)
Shenandoah: The Washington and Lee Review is a major literary magazine published by Washington and Lee University.


Question: magazines about indie-music

Wasted Youth is a Canadian magazine created for young punk rock teens.  The first issue was published in November 2004 in black and white and then republished and distributed nationwide in color in June 2005.Topics include music and band reviews (usually focusing on punk, emo, goth and alternative rock), local skateboarding (including street maps or park guides) and art and tattoos. Each issue includes a music sampler CD produced by the magazine featuring indie Canadian punk rock bands.

Kill Rock Stars
Kill Rock Stars is an independent record label founded in 1991 by Slim Moon and Tinuviel Sampson, and based in both Olympia, Washington and Portland, Oregon. The label has released a variety of work in different genres, making it difficult to pigeonhole as having any one artistic mission.

Kitty-Yo
Kitty-Yo is a German record label specializing in quirky pop and electronica. It was founded in 1994 in Berlin following the creation of an independent zine of the same name.  The label began by publishing music for Surrogat, Patrick Wagner's group project, and got the attention of John Peel and Steve Albini.Since their inception, Kitty-Yo albums and singles have been distributed worldwide, gaining a college radio following in the United States.

Reflections Records
Reflections Records is a primarily hardcore record label based in Arnhem, The Netherlands. It started in 1994 as a fanzine that in 1998 added a 7-inch compilation to one issue that proved successful and sparked a change to becoming a record label. At present, Reflections releases albums in a number of genres, including hardcore, heavy metal and indie rock. It also offers licensed releases for bands from outside of Europe.

Cross and Cockade
Cross and Cockade, now called Cross and Cockade International, is a historical magazine about aviation in World War I. The name refers to the black cross and coloured bullseye symbols used respectively on German and British World War I aircraft. The magazine was first published in 1970.

Private Eye books
Private Eye, the fortnightly British satirical magazine, has published various books and other material separately from the magazine since 1962.

Nowe Książki
Nowe Książki (meaning New Books in English) is the best-known and widely available journal of new publications in Polish language. It a monthly magazine published by the National Library of Poland. The magazine was started in 1949. The headquarters of the monthly is in Warsaw.

Forward Magazine
Forward Magazine is a Syrian English-language newsmagazine published monthly in Damascus. It was the first private English-language periodical to be licensed in Syria, since all private media was nationalized by Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1958, during the short-lived Syrian-Egyptian union. The magazine started in January 2007, with the motto "The Only Way is Forward." In December 2009, Forward Launched its digital edition in collaboration with Pressmart Media.

Dataquest
Dataquest is an Indian magazine focused on information technology related articles. A fortnightly, Dataquest is published by Cyber Media India Ltd, South Asia's largest specialty media group. It was one of the first publications to champion energy/green issues and the application of IT in governance.The magazine started as an industry publication in 1982 to address the information needs of the then nascent IT industry in India.

Indies Choice Book Awards
The Indies Choice Book Award (formerly known as Book Sense Book of the Year 2000-2008) is an American literary award that was inaugurated at BookExpo America 2000. The American Booksellers Association (ABA) rededicated the award (previously known as the ABBY) in recognition of a new era in bookselling, as well as the important role the Book Sense Picks List has played for independent booksellers in discovering and spreading the word about books of quality to all stores, and readers, nationwide.

Network Awesome
Network Awesome is an online TV broadcasting outlet launched by electronic musician Jason Forrest and co-founder Greg Sadetsky  on January 1, 2011.Network Awesome also includes a magazine with the goal of providing commentary and analysis of the featured content via daily articles. The magazine is syndicated by Huffington Post and DigBoston.


Question: magazines about indie-music

XLR8R (pronounced "accelerator") is a magazine and website that covers music, culture, style, and technology. It was founded as a newsprint ‘zine in 1993 by publisher Andrew Smith in Seattle; the magazine currently has offices in San Francisco and New York.

Music Educators Journal
The Music Educators Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers in the field of education. The editor-in-chief is Patrick K. Freer (Georgia State University). It was established in 1914 and is currently published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the National Association for Music Education.

Lviv Today
Lviv Today is a Ukrainian English-language magazine published in Lviv, Ukraine.

FQ Magazine
FQ Magazine was launched in 2003 and was the second ‘dad’ magazine to be published in the UK aimed at new dads and single fathers. The first issue featured David Beckham.FQ Magazine targets men whose lifestyles have changed due to having children, but are still interested in fashion, cars and gadgets. Celebrity parents have created an image of dads that like to lavish themselves, and families, with consumer products like designer pushchairs and designer clothes.

Yaldah magazine
Yaldah magazine is a magazine that was published 10 times a year, but due to costs, they stopped producing the magazine altogether. There is a website that girls still write articles on. As of Spring 2013 Yaldah has almost 3000 subscribers worldwide in the US, Canada, England, Israel, Australia, Spain, China as well as other countries and an editorial board of 19 girls from all over the US and Canada.

Wet Ink
Wet Ink magazine was an Australian magazine devoted to publishing new Australian writing, with an emphasis on new and emerging writers. Published quarterly, it featured fiction, poetry and creative non-fiction, plus an interview with a writer and book reviews. Work published ranged from 'literary' to genre-based work.

Culture Northern Ireland
CultureNorthernIreland.org (or CNI) is Northern Ireland's leading arts and culture website, covering music, literature, heritage, sport, dance, theatre, the visual arts and much more besides. With thousands of articles, reviews, profiles, event listings, and multimedia content, CNI is a unique and exciting resource.

PSM3
PSM3 (short for PlayStation 3 Magazine) was a video game magazine specialising in all Sony video game consoles and handheld gaming platforms. It was published by Future plc, a UK-based publishing company.The magazine launched in October 2000 under the name PSM2 and quickly became one of the most popular unofficial PlayStation magazines on the market. It changed its name to PSM3 in issue 78, focusing more on Sony's PlayStation 3, but still covering PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 2.

Children & Young People Now
Children & Young People Now is a biweekly magazine covering issues relating to children and young people in the United Kingdom.Children & Young People Now is the result of the merging of Children Now, produced in association with the National Children's Bureau, and sister magazine Young People Now, the magazine of the National Youth Agency.Regular topics include school education, school meals, child protection, cruelty, youth crime, play, and politics relating to children and young people.

New Mexico Magazine
New Mexico Magazine was launched in 1923, and is the first state magazine founded in the United States. It is published monthly in print, online, and via an iOS app. Additionally, the magazine also maintains a store, selling New Mexico-related products.

Travel Agent (magazine)
Travel Agent is a biweekly trade magazine, published by Questex Media Group and targeted at travel agency professionals, featuring travel industry news. The magazine is also supplemented with an online edition. Questex Media also operates Travel Agent University, an on-line travel education site.Sister publications include: Luxury Travel Adviser, Home Based Travel Agent, Official Travel Industry Directory, Hotel & Motel Management, Premier Hotels & Resorts and Premier Spas & Romance.


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

BCX is a free software programming development application originally created in 1999 by Kevin Diggins.  BCX converts BASIC source code to C/C++ source code which can then be compiled using any one of a number of available Microsoft Win32 C/C++ compilers.  For many years, most implementations of BASIC shared a nagging drawback - the programs that users created performed slower than similar programs that were created using C/C++.

Disassembler
A disassembler is a computer program that translates machine language into assembly language—the inverse operation to that of an assembler. A disassembler differs from a decompiler, which targets a high-level language rather than an assembly language.

LiveScript
LiveScript is a functional language that compiles to JavaScript. It was created by Jeremy Ashkenas—the creator of CoffeeScript—along with Satoshi Muramaki, George Zahariev, and many others. Notably, LiveScript was briefly the name of JavaScript in 1990s.

Z-machine
The Z-machine is a virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games. Infocom compiled game code to files containing Z-machine instructions (called story files, or Z-code files), and could therefore port all its text adventures to a new platform simply by writing a Z-machine implementation for that platform.

Machine code
Machine code or machine language is a set of instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU). Each instruction performs a very specific task, such as a load, a jump, or an ALU operation on a unit of data in a CPU register or memory.

Dennis Ritchie
Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (September 9, 1941 – c. October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist.  He created the C programming language and, with long-time colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix operating system.  Ritchie and Thompson received the Turing Award from the ACM in 1983, the Hamming Medal from the IEEE in 1990 and the National Medal of Technology from President Clinton in 1999.  Ritchie was the head of Lucent Technologies System Software Research Department when he retired in 2007.

A-0 System
The A-0 system (Arithmetic Language version 0), written by Grace Hopper in 1951 and 1952 for the UNIVAC I, was the first compiler ever developed for an electronic computer. The A-0 functioned more as a loader or linker than the modern notion of a compiler. A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code.

Codec
A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder-decoder or, less commonly, compressor-decompressor.A codec encodes a data stream or signal for transmission, storage or encryption, or decodes it for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media and video editing applications.

BCPL
BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) is a procedural, imperative, and structured computer programming language designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966.

Bytecode
Bytecode, also known as p-code (portable code), is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter. Unlike human-readable source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) which encode the result of parsing and semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of program objects.

MAD (programming language)
MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder) is a programming language and compiler for the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709, IBM 7090, IBM 7040, UNIVAC 1107, UNIVAC 1108, Philco 210-211, and eventually the IBM S/370 mainframe computers. Developed in 1959 at the University of Michigan by Bernard Galler, Bruce Arden and Robert M. Graham, MAD is a variant of the ALGOL language.


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

In computer science, bootstrapping is the process of writing a compiler (or assembler) in the source programming language which it is intended to compile. Applying this technique leads to a self-hosting compiler.Many compilers for many programming languages are bootstrapped, including compilers for BASIC, ALGOL, C, Pascal, PL/I, Factor, Haskell, Modula-2, Oberon, OCaml, Common Lisp, Scheme, Go, Java, Python, Scala, Nim, Eiffel, and more.

Ousterhout's dichotomy
Ousterhout's dichotomy is computer scientist John Ousterhout's claim that high-level programming languages tend to fall into two groups, each with distinct properties and uses: system programming languages and scripting languages – compare programming in the large and programming in the small.

Reo Coordination Language
{{hangon}}Reo is a domain-specific language for programming and analyzing coordination protocols that compose individual processes into full systems, broadly construed.Examples of classes of systems that can be composed with Reo include component-based systems, service-oriented systems, multithreading systems, biological systems, and cryptographic protocols.Reo has a graphical syntax in which every Reo program, called a connector or circuit, is a labeled directed hypergraph.Such a graph represents the data-flow among the processes in the system.Reo has formal semantics, which stand at the basis of its various formal verification techniques and compilation tools.

Bjarne Stroustrup
Bjarne Stroustrup (Danish: [ˈbjɑːnə ˈsdʁʌʊ̯ˀsdʁɔb]; born 30 December 1950) is a Danish computer scientist, most notable for the creation and development of the widely used C++ programming language. He is a Distinguished Research Professor and holds the College of Engineering Chair in Computer Science at Texas A&M University, a visiting professor at Columbia University, and works at Morgan Stanley.

Parrot virtual machine
Parrot is a register-based process virtual machine designed to run dynamic languages efficiently. It is possible to compile Parrot assembly language and PIR (an intermediate language) to Parrot bytecode and execute it. Parrot is free and open source software.Parrot was started by the Perl programming community and is developed with help from the open source and free software communities.

Itanium
Itanium (/aɪˈteɪniəm/ eye-TAY-nee-əm) is a family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). Intel markets the processors for enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems. The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel.Itanium-based systems have been produced by HP (the HP Integrity Servers line) and several other manufacturers.

Vi
vi /ˈviːˈaɪ/ is a screen-oriented text editor originally created for the Unix operating system. The portable subset of the behavior of vi and programs based on it, and the ex editor language supported within these programs, is described by (and thus standardized by) the Single Unix Specification and POSIX.The original code for vi was written by Bill Joy in 1976, as the visual mode for a line editor called ex that Joy had written with Chuck Haley.

POSIX
POSIX (/ˈpɒzɪks/ POZ-iks), an acronym for Portable Operating System Interface, is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems. POSIX defines the application programming interface (API), along with command line shells and utility interfaces, for software compatibility with variants of Unix and other operating systems.

Forth (programming language)
Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and programming environment. Language features include structured programming, reflection (the ability to modify the program structure during program execution), concatenative programming (functions are composed with juxtaposition) and extensibility (the programmer can create new commands).

ScriptBasic
ScriptBasic is a scripting language variant of BASIC. The source of the interpreter is available as a  C program under the LGPL license.ScriptBasic generates intermediary code which is then interpreted by a runtime environment. ScriptBasic is available for Windows, Unix and Mac OS X and may be embedded in other programs as well. It can create standalone executable files. A runtime library is linked into the executable.

A-0 System
The A-0 system (Arithmetic Language version 0), written by Grace Hopper in 1951 and 1952 for the UNIVAC I, was the first compiler ever developed for an electronic computer. The A-0 functioned more as a loader or linker than the modern notion of a compiler. A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code.


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

Borland C++ is a C and C++ programming environment (that is, an integrated development environment) for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows. It was the successor to Turbo C++, and included a better debugger, the Turbo Debugger, which was written in protected mode DOS.

IBM PC compatible
IBM PC compatible computers are those similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT and able to run the same software as those. Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones. They duplicate almost exactly all the significant features of the PC architecture, facilitated by IBM's choice of commodity hardware components and various manufacturers' ability to reverse engineer the BIOS firmware using a "clean room design"  technique.

Forth (programming language)
Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and programming environment. Language features include structured programming, reflection (the ability to modify the program structure during program execution), concatenative programming (functions are composed with juxtaposition) and extensibility (the programmer can create new commands).

PDP-11
The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a succession of products in the PDP series. The PDP-11 had several uniquely innovative features, and was easier to program than its predecessors through the additional general-purpose registers. The PDP-11 replaced the PDP-8 in many real-time applications, although both product lines lived in parallel for more than 10 years.

GNU
GNU /ɡnuː/ is an extensive collection of computer software that can be used to build a Unix-like operating system. GNU is composed wholly of free software. GNU is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix!", chosen because GNU's design is Unix-like, but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code. and was the original focus of the Free Software Foundation (FSF). However, non-GNU kernels, most famously the Linux kernel, can also be used with GNU software.

Mlpy
Mlpy is a Python, open source, machine learning library built on top of NumPy/SciPy, the GNU Scientific Library and it makes an extensive use of the Cython language. mlpy provides a wide range of state-of-the-art machine learning methods for supervised and unsupervised problems and it is aimed at finding a reasonable compromise among modularity, maintainability, reproducibility, usability and efficiency.

Gentoo Linux
Gentoo Linux  (pronounced /ˈdʒɛntuː/ JEN-too) is a computer operating system based on the Linux kernel and built using the Portage package management system. It is distributed as free and open-source software. Unlike a binary software distribution, the source code is compiled locally according to the user's preferences and is often optimized for the specific type of computer.

Lisp machine
Lisp machines are general-purpose computers designed to efficiently run Lisp as their main software language, usually through hardware support. They are an example of a high-level language computer architecture, and in a sense, they were the first commercial single-user workstations.

C-HTML
C-HTML (short for Compact HyperText Markup Language), also called i-mode-HTML, is a subset of HTML for small information devices, such as first-generation smart phones and PDAs, such as DoCoMo's i-mode mobile phones used in Japan.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture
The  Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) designed to facilitate the communication of systems that are deployed on diverse platforms. CORBA enables collaboration between systems on different operating systems, programming languages, and computing hardware. CORBA has many of the same design goals as object-oriented programming: encapsulation and reuse.

Blender (software)
Blender is a professional free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing and compositing.


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

Turbo C is an Integrated Development Environment and compiler for the C programming language from Borland. First introduced in 1987, it was noted for its integrated development environment, small size, fast compile speed, comprehensive manuals and low price.In May 1990, Borland replaced Turbo C with Turbo C++. In 2006, Borland reintroduced the Turbo moniker.

Itanium
Itanium (/aɪˈteɪniəm/ eye-TAY-nee-əm) is a family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). Intel markets the processors for enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems. The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel.Itanium-based systems have been produced by HP (the HP Integrity Servers line) and several other manufacturers.

XPCOM
XPCOM (Cross Platform Component Object Model) is a cross-platform component model from Mozilla. It is similar to Microsoft COM and CORBA. It features multiple language bindings and IDL descriptions; thus programmers can plug their custom functionality into the framework and connect it with other components.

A-0 System
The A-0 system (Arithmetic Language version 0), written by Grace Hopper in 1951 and 1952 for the UNIVAC I, was the first compiler ever developed for an electronic computer. The A-0 functioned more as a loader or linker than the modern notion of a compiler. A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code.

Makefile
Makefile(s) are text files written in a certain prescribed syntax. Together with Make Utility, it helps build a software from its source files, a way to organize code, and its compilation and linking.

PL/I
PL/I "\Programming Language One", pronounced /piː ɛl wʌn/) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, business and systems programming applications.

Konqueror
Konqueror is a free and open-source web browser and file manager that provides file viewer functionality for file systems such as local files, files on a remote FTP server and files in a disk image. It is a core part of the KDE Software Compilation. Konqueror is developed by volunteers and can run on most Unix-like operating systems and on Windows systems.

International Obfuscated C Code Contest
The International Obfuscated C Code Contest (abbreviated IOCCC) is a computer programming contest for the most creatively obfuscated C code. Held annually between 1984 and 1996, and thereafter in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012, and 2013 it is described as "celebrating [C's] syntactical opaqueness".  The winning code for the 22nd contest, held in 2013, was released in January 2014.Prior to 2004, entries were submitted by email.

Standard ML
Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. It is popular among compiler writers and programming language researchers, as well as in the development of theorem provers.SML is a modern descendant of the ML programming language used in the Logic for Computable Functions (LCF) theorem-proving project.

Pike (programming language)
Pike is an interpreted, general-purpose, high-level, cross-platform, dynamic programming language, with a syntax similar to that of C.  Unlike many other dynamic languages, Pike is both statically and dynamically typed, and requires explicit type definitions.

FreeBSD
FreeBSD is a free Unix-like operating system descended from Research Unix via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). Although for legal reasons FreeBSD cannot use the Unix trademark, it is a direct descendant of BSD, which was historically also called "BSD Unix" or "Berkeley Unix".


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

C++ (pronounced as cee plus plus, /ˈsiː plʌs plʌs/) is a general-purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation.It was designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained and large systems, with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design highlights.

BASIC
BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use.In 1964, John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz designed the original BASIC language at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. They wanted to enable students in fields other than science and mathematics to use computers.

Bzip2
bzip2 is a free and open-source file compression program that uses the Burrows–Wheeler algorithm. It only compresses single files and is not a file archiver. It is developed and maintained by Julian Seward. Seward made the first public release of bzip2, version 0.15, in July 1996. The compressor's stability and popularity grew over the next several years, and Seward released version 1.0 in late 2000.

Parrot virtual machine
Parrot is a register-based process virtual machine designed to run dynamic languages efficiently. It is possible to compile Parrot assembly language and PIR (an intermediate language) to Parrot bytecode and execute it. Parrot is free and open source software.Parrot was started by the Perl programming community and is developed with help from the open source and free software communities.

Motorola 68000 series
The Motorola 680x0/m68000/68000/m68k/68k series is a family of 32-bit CISC microprocessors. During the 1980s and early 1990s, they were popular in personal computers and workstations and were the primary competitors of Intel's x86 microprocessors. They were most well known as the processors powering the early Apple Macintosh, the Commodore Amiga, the Sinclair QL,  the Atari ST, the WeatherStar, the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, and several others.

Application binary interface
In computer software, an application binary interface (ABI) is the interface between two program modules, one of which is often a library or operating system, at the level of machine code.

Bourne shell
The Bourne shell (sh) is a shell, or command-line interpreter, for computer operating systems.The Bourne shell was the default Unix shell of Unix Version 7. Most Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh—which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell even when other shells are used by most users.Developed by Stephen Bourne at Bell Labs, it was a replacement for the Thompson shell, whose executable file had the same name—sh.

CWEB
CWEB is a computer programming system created by Donald Knuth and Silvio Levy as a follow-up to Knuth's WEB literate programming system, using the C programming language (and to a lesser extent the C++ and Java programming languages) instead of Pascal.Like WEB, it consists of two primary programs: CTANGLE, which produces compilable C code from the source texts, and CWEAVE, which produces nicely-formatted printable documentation using TeX.

ClipGrab
ClipGrab is a multi-platform software for downloading videos from popular websites such as YouTube, Vimeo, Dailymotion or Metacafe. It also provides the possibility to convert the downloaded files to other file formats such as MP3, MPEG4, OGG Theora or WMV. It is published as free software under the terms of version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

Multiple inheritance
Multiple inheritance is a feature of some object-oriented computer programming languages in which an object or class can inherit characteristics and features from more than one parent object or parent class.

Poplog
Poplog is a reflective, incrementally compiled software development environment for the programming languages POP-11, Common Lisp, Prolog, and Standard ML, originally created in the UK for teaching and research in artificial intelligence at the University of Sussex.


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

cc65 is a complete cross development package for 65(C)02 systems, including a powerful macro assembler, a C compiler, linker, librarian and several other tools.It is based on a C compiler that was originally adapted for the Atari 8-bit computers by John R. Dunning. The original C compiler is a Small C descendant but has several extensions, and some of the limits of the original Small C compiler are gone.The toolkit has largely been expanded by Ullrich von Bassewitz and other contributors.

PagePlus
PagePlus is a desktop publishing (page layout) program developed by Serif. The first version was released in 1991 as the first commercial sub-£100 DTP package for Microsoft Windows. The latest release is PagePlus X8, which runs on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10.

Common Language Runtime
The Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET framework, manages the execution of .NET programs. A process known as just-in-time compilation converts compiled code into machine instructions which the computer's CPU then executes. The CLR provides additional services including memory management, type safety, exception handling, garbage collection, security and thread management.

PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. As of January 2013, PHP was installed on more than 240 million websites (39% of those sampled) and 2.1 million web servers.  Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the reference implementation of PHP (powered by the Zend Engine) is now produced by The PHP Group.

Itanium
Itanium (/aɪˈteɪniəm/ eye-TAY-nee-əm) is a family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). Intel markets the processors for enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems. The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel.Itanium-based systems have been produced by HP (the HP Integrity Servers line) and several other manufacturers.

Gentoo Linux
Gentoo Linux  (pronounced /ˈdʒɛntuː/ JEN-too) is a computer operating system based on the Linux kernel and built using the Portage package management system. It is distributed as free and open-source software. Unlike a binary software distribution, the source code is compiled locally according to the user's preferences and is often optimized for the specific type of computer.

MATLAB
MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language.

Cyborg
A cyborg (short for "cybernetic organism") is a being with both organic and biomechatronic parts. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. D. S.

CWEB
CWEB is a computer programming system created by Donald Knuth and Silvio Levy as a follow-up to Knuth's WEB literate programming system, using the C programming language (and to a lesser extent the C++ and Java programming languages) instead of Pascal.Like WEB, it consists of two primary programs: CTANGLE, which produces compilable C code from the source texts, and CWEAVE, which produces nicely-formatted printable documentation using TeX.

Bjarne Stroustrup
Bjarne Stroustrup (Danish: [ˈbjɑːnə ˈsdʁʌʊ̯ˀsdʁɔb]; born 30 December 1950) is a Danish computer scientist, most notable for the creation and development of the widely used C++ programming language. He is a Distinguished Research Professor and holds the College of Engineering Chair in Computer Science at Texas A&M University, a visiting professor at Columbia University, and works at Morgan Stanley.

Bytecode
Bytecode, also known as p-code (portable code), is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter. Unlike human-readable source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) which encode the result of parsing and semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of program objects.


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

ccache is a software development tool that caches the output of C/C++ compilation so that the next time, the same compilation can be avoided and the results can be taken from the cache. This can greatly speed up recompiling time. The detection is done by hashing different kinds of information that should be unique for the compilation and then using the hash sum to identify the cached output. Ccache is licensed under the GNU General Public License.

Text editor
A text editor is a type of program used for editing plain text files. Text editors are provided with operating systems and software development packages, and can be used to change configuration files, documentation files and programming language source code.

Lua (programming language)
Lua (/ˈluːə/ LOO-ə, from Portuguese: lua [ˈlu.(w)ɐ] meaning moon; explicitly not "LUA" for it is not an acronym) is a lightweight multi-paradigm programming language designed as a scripting language with extensible semantics as a primary goal. Lua is cross-platform since it is written in ANSI C, and has a relatively simple C API.

Bzip2
bzip2 is a free and open-source file compression program that uses the Burrows–Wheeler algorithm. It only compresses single files and is not a file archiver. It is developed and maintained by Julian Seward. Seward made the first public release of bzip2, version 0.15, in July 1996. The compressor's stability and popularity grew over the next several years, and Seward released version 1.0 in late 2000.

OpenVMS
OpenVMS is a computer operating system for use in general purpose computing. It is the successor to the VMS Operating System (VAX-11/VMS, VAX/VMS), that was produced by Digital Equipment Corporation since 1977 for its series of VAX-11 minicomputers and its line of desktop workstations (DEC Alpha). The name VMS is derived from virtual memory system, according to one of its principal architectural features. OpenVMS also runs on the Itanium-based families of computers.

Assembly language
An assembly language (or assembler language) is a low-level programming language for a computer, or other programmable device, in which there is a very strong (generally one-to-one) correspondence between the language and the architecture's machine code instructions.

Amstrad CPC
The Amstrad CPC (short for Colour Personal Computer) is a series of 8-bit home computers produced by Amstrad between 1984 and 1990.

PureBasic
PureBasic is a commercially distributed procedural computer programming language and integrated development environment based on BASIC and developed by Fantaisie Software for Windows 32/64-bit, Linux 32/64-bit, and Mac OS X. An Amiga version is available, although it has been discontinued and released as open source. The first public release of PureBasic for Windows was on December 17, 2000. It has been continually updated since.PureBasic has a "lifetime license model".

Visual Instruction Set
Visual Instruction Set, or VIS, is a SIMD instruction set extension for SPARC V9 microprocessors developed by Sun Microsystems. There are four versions of VIS: VIS 1, VIS 2, VIS 2+, and VIS 3.

Bytecode
Bytecode, also known as p-code (portable code), is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter. Unlike human-readable source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) which encode the result of parsing and semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of program objects.

University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License
The University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License, or UIUC license, is a permissive free software license, based on the MIT/X11 license and the 3-clause BSD license. By combining parts of these two licenses, it attempts to be clearer and more concise than either.The license is the result of efforts by a University of Illinois committee set up in 2001.  The intention was to create a new license standard for both NCSA and the worldwide software community in general.


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

Cfront was the original compiler for C++ (then known as "C with Classes") from around 1983, which converted C++ to C; developed by Bjarne Stroustrup. The preprocessor did not understand all of the language and much of the code was written via translations. Cfront had a complete parser, built symbol tables, and built a tree for each class, function, etc.

Assembly language
An assembly language (or assembler language) is a low-level programming language for a computer, or other programmable device, in which there is a very strong (generally one-to-one) correspondence between the language and the architecture's machine code instructions.

Editor war
Editor war is the common name for the rivalry between users of the Emacs  and Vi (Vim) text editors. The rivalry has become a lasting part of hacker culture and the free software community.Many flame wars have been fought between groups insisting that their editor of choice is the paragon of editing perfection, and insulting the others. Related battles have been fought over operating systems, programming languages, version control systems, and even source code indent style.

Cyborg
A cyborg (short for "cybernetic organism") is a being with both organic and biomechatronic parts. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. D. S.

BBC BASIC
BBC BASIC is a programming language, developed in 1981 as a native programming language for the MOS Technology 6502 based Acorn BBC Micro home/personal computer, mainly by Sophie Wilson.

Itanium
Itanium (/aɪˈteɪniəm/ eye-TAY-nee-əm) is a family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). Intel markets the processors for enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems. The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel.Itanium-based systems have been produced by HP (the HP Integrity Servers line) and several other manufacturers.

Cocoa (API)
Cocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for the OS X operating system.For iOS, there is a similar API called Cocoa Touch which includes gesture recognition, animation, and a different set of graphical control elements, and is for applications for the iOS operating system, used on Apple devices such as iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch and Apple TV.Cocoa consists of the Foundation Kit, Application Kit, and Core Data frameworks, as included by Cocoa.h header file, as well as the libraries and frameworks included by those, such as the C standard library and the Objective-C runtime.Cocoa applications are typically developed using the development tools provided by Apple, specifically Xcode (formerly Project Builder) and Interface Builder, using the Objective-C or Swift language.

Spice Lisp
Spice Lisp is a Lisp dialect and its implementation originally written by CMU's Spice Lisp Group which targeted the microcode of the 16-bit PERQ workstation and its Accent operating system; it used that workstation's microcode abilities (it provided microcodes for Pascal, C, and Ada besides) to implement a stack architecture to store its data structures as 32-bit objects and to enable runtime type-checking.

Reo Coordination Language
{{hangon}}Reo is a domain-specific language for programming and analyzing coordination protocols that compose individual processes into full systems, broadly construed.Examples of classes of systems that can be composed with Reo include component-based systems, service-oriented systems, multithreading systems, biological systems, and cryptographic protocols.Reo has a graphical syntax in which every Reo program, called a connector or circuit, is a labeled directed hypergraph.Such a graph represents the data-flow among the processes in the system.Reo has formal semantics, which stand at the basis of its various formal verification techniques and compilation tools.

Blender (software)
Blender is a professional free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing and compositing.

Z-machine
The Z-machine is a virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games. Infocom compiled game code to files containing Z-machine instructions (called story files, or Z-code files), and could therefore port all its text adventures to a new platform simply by writing a Z-machine implementation for that platform.


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

Clang /ˈklæŋ/ is a compiler front end for the C, C++, Objective-C and Objective-C++ programming languages. It uses LLVM as its back end and has been part of the LLVM release cycle since LLVM 2.6.It is designed to offer a complete replacement to the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). It is open-source, developed by Apple; other companies such as  Google, ARM, Sony and Intel are involved.

Z-machine
The Z-machine is a virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games. Infocom compiled game code to files containing Z-machine instructions (called story files, or Z-code files), and could therefore port all its text adventures to a new platform simply by writing a Z-machine implementation for that platform.

Reo Coordination Language
{{hangon}}Reo is a domain-specific language for programming and analyzing coordination protocols that compose individual processes into full systems, broadly construed.Examples of classes of systems that can be composed with Reo include component-based systems, service-oriented systems, multithreading systems, biological systems, and cryptographic protocols.Reo has a graphical syntax in which every Reo program, called a connector or circuit, is a labeled directed hypergraph.Such a graph represents the data-flow among the processes in the system.Reo has formal semantics, which stand at the basis of its various formal verification techniques and compilation tools.

Concurrent Versions System
The Concurrent Versions System (CVS), also known as the Concurrent Versioning System, is a client-server free software revision control system in the field of software development. A version control system keeps track of all work and all changes in a set of files, and allows several developers (potentially widely separated in space and time) to collaborate.

AbiWord
AbiWord (/ˈæbiwɜrd/) is a free and open source software word processor written in C++. Since version 3 it is based on GTK+ 3. The name "AbiWord" is derived from the root of the Spanish word "abierto", meaning "open".Abiword was originally started by SourceGear Corporation as the first part of a proposed AbiSuite but was adopted by open source developers after SourceGear changed its business focus and ceased development.

Software
Computer software or simply software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. Computer software is non-tangible, contrasted with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used without the other.Computer software includes computer programs, libraries and their associated documentation.

Machine code
Machine code or machine language is a set of instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU). Each instruction performs a very specific task, such as a load, a jump, or an ALU operation on a unit of data in a CPU register or memory.

Ii (IRC client)
IRC It, or ii is a free and open-source Unix IRC client written in C by the suckless.org community.From the readme:ii is a minimalist FIFO and filesystem-based IRC client. It creates an irc directory tree with server, channel and nick name directories. In every directory a FIFO in file and a normal out file is created.  The in file is used to communicate with the servers and the out files contain the server messages.

GNU Octave
GNU Octave is software featuring a high-level programming language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides a command-line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with MATLAB.

Cocoa (API)
Cocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for the OS X operating system.For iOS, there is a similar API called Cocoa Touch which includes gesture recognition, animation, and a different set of graphical control elements, and is for applications for the iOS operating system, used on Apple devices such as iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch and Apple TV.Cocoa consists of the Foundation Kit, Application Kit, and Core Data frameworks, as included by Cocoa.h header file, as well as the libraries and frameworks included by those, such as the C standard library and the Objective-C runtime.Cocoa applications are typically developed using the development tools provided by Apple, specifically Xcode (formerly Project Builder) and Interface Builder, using the Objective-C or Swift language.

Forth (programming language)
Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and programming environment. Language features include structured programming, reflection (the ability to modify the program structure during program execution), concatenative programming (functions are composed with juxtaposition) and extensibility (the programmer can create new commands).


Question: Compilers that can compile both C and C++

Code::Blocks is a free, open source cross-platform IDE that supports multiple compilers including GCC, Clang and Visual C++. It is developed in C++ using wxWidgets as the GUI toolkit. Using a plugin architecture, its capabilities and features are defined by the provided plugins.Currently, Code::Blocks is oriented towards C, C++, and Fortran.

Cyclone (programming language)
The Cyclone programming language is intended to be a safe dialect of the C language. Cyclone is designed to avoid buffer overflows and other vulnerabilities that are endemic in C programs, without losing the power and convenience of C as a tool for system programming.Cyclone development was started as a joint project of AT&T Labs Research and Greg Morrisett's group at Cornell in 2001. Version 1.0 was released on May 8, 2006.

Bourne shell
The Bourne shell (sh) is a shell, or command-line interpreter, for computer operating systems.The Bourne shell was the default Unix shell of Unix Version 7. Most Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh—which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell even when other shells are used by most users.Developed by Stephen Bourne at Bell Labs, it was a replacement for the Thompson shell, whose executable file had the same name—sh.

COBOL
COBOL (/ˈkoʊbɒl/, an acronym for common business-oriented language) is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. In 1997, Gartner Group estimated that there were a total of 200 billion lines of COBOL in existence, which ran 80% of all business programs.

Wine (software)
Wine (recursive acronym for Wine Is Not an Emulator) is a free and open source compatibility layer software application that aims to allow applications designed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems.

CABIE
CABIE, or the Continuous Automated Build and Integration Environment, is a multi-platform, multi-revision control system, client/server-based application providing both command line and Web-based access to real time build monitoring and execution information.  CABIE runs as a  daemon on Linux, Solaris and HP-UX, or as a service under Windows.  CABIE is written in Perl and utilizes a database back-end as a collection point for all build information.

Vim (text editor)
Vim (/vɪm/; a contraction of Vi IMproved) is a clone of Bill Joy's vi editor for Unix. It was written by Bram Moolenaar based on source for a port of the Stevie editor to the Amiga and first released publicly in 1991. Vim is designed for use both from a command-line interface and as a standalone application in a graphical user interface.

Common Desktop Environment
The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a desktop environment for Unix and OpenVMS, based on the Motif widget toolkit. It was part of the UNIX98 Workstation Product Standard, and was long the "classic" Unix desktop associated with commercial Unix workstations.After a long history as proprietary software, CDE was released as free software on 6 August 2012, under the GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2 or later.

Brainfuck
Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by Urban Müller, and notable for its extreme minimalism. The language consists of only eight simple commands and an instruction pointer.  While it is fully Turing-complete, it is not intended for practical use, but to challenge and amuse programmers. The language's name is a reference to the slang term "brain fuck", which refers to things so complicated or unusual that they exceed the limits of one's understanding.

Parser Grammar Engine
The Parser Grammar Engine (PGE, originally the Parrot Grammar Engine) is a compiler and runtime for a Perl 6 rules for the Parrot virtual machine. PGE uses these rules to convert a parsing expression grammar into Parrot bytecode. It is therefore compiling rules into a program, unlike most virtual machines and runtimes, which store regular expressions in a secondary internal format that is then interpreted at runtime by a regular expression engine.

Nvidia Tesla Personal Supercomputer
The Tesla Personal Supercomputer is a desktop computer (personal supercomputer) that is backed by Nvidia and built by Dell, Lenovo and other companies. It is meant to be a demonstration of the capabilities of Nvidia's Tesla GPGPU brand; it utilizes NVIDIA's CUDA parallel computing architecture and is powered by up to 2688 parallel processing cores per GPGPU, which allow it to achieve speeds up to 250 times faster than standard PCs, according to Nvidia.