instruction stringlengths 159 1.77k | input stringlengths 231 977 | response stringclasses 11 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'A substantial portion of these defects has been associated with inappropriate induction, migration, differentiation and patterning of pluripotent cardiac neural crest stem cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pluripotent ... stem cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: embryonic cell
B: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
C: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
D: stem cell
E: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
F: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: chlamydospore
H: pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) (aka common myeloid progenitor)
I: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
J: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This subset of pluripotent neural crest stem cells forms in the dorsal aspect of the neural tube at the level of the mid-otic placode to the third somite [1].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pluripotent ... stem cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
B: pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) (aka common myeloid progenitor)
C: hsc (aka hematopoietic stem cell) (aka hematopoietic stem cell)
D: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
E: embryonic cell
F: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
G: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
H: type d cell of small intestine
I: multipotent cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
J: chlamydospore
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Subsequently cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) delaminate, undergo a phenotypic transformation from an epithelial to mesenchymal cell type, and migrate latero-ventrally into', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mesenchymal cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stem cells, mesenchymal (aka mesenchymal cell)
B: bone matrix secreting cell
C: endoderm cell (aka endodermal cell)
D: red blood cell (aka enucleate erythrocyte)
E: clear cell of thyroid gland (aka parafollicular cell)
F: extracellular matrix secreting cell
G: mesoblast (aka mesodermal cell)
H: perineuronal satellite cell (perineuronal satellite oligodendroglial cell) (aka perineuronal satellite cell)
I: epithelial cell of cervical canal (aka epithelial cell of cervix)
J: pancreatic ductal cell
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Subsequently cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) delaminate, undergo a phenotypic transformation from an epithelial to mesenchymal cell type, and migrate latero-ventrally into', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'epithelial ... cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial cell of skin (aka epidermal cell)
B: cell of surface ectoderm (aka surface ectodermal cell)
C: epithelial cell of thyroid gland
D: stratified epithelial cell
E: epidermal cell (sensu arthropoda)
F: meso-epithelial cell (epithelial mesenchymal cell) (aka meso-epithelial cell)
G: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland
H: granule cell precursor
I: epithelial cell (epitheliocyte) (aka epithelial cell)
J: epithelial cell of malassez (epithelial cell rests of malassez) (aka epithelial cell of malassez)
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'the 3rd, 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs), where they contribute to the formation of the smooth muscle cell layer of endothelial structures derived from the aortic arch arteries', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'smooth muscle cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: myocytes, smooth muscle (aka smooth muscle cell)
B: astrocyte of the hippocampus
C: vsmc (aka vascular associated smooth muscle cell) (aka vascular associated smooth muscle cell)
D: intraepithelial lymphocyte (iel (aka intraepithelial lymphocyte))
E: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex
F: smooth muscle cell of bladder
G: cd4-positive type i nk t-cell secreting interferon-gamma (aka cd4-positive type i nk t cell secreting interferon-gamma)
H: non-striated muscle fiber of jejunum (aka smooth muscle fiber of jejunum)
I: smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon (non-striated muscle fiber of ascending colon) (aka smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon)
J: annulus pulposus cell (anulus pulposus cell) (aka annulus pulposus cell)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '6N,P,R), immunostaining for αSMA appeared much weaker when compared to controls and Alk5 mutants, implying that ALK2-mediated signaling is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation as previously suggested [12].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'smooth muscle cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: astrocyte of the hippocampus
B: cd4-positive type i nk t-cell secreting interferon-gamma (aka cd4-positive type i nk t cell secreting interferon-gamma)
C: smooth muscle cell of bladder
D: intraepithelial lymphocyte (iel (aka intraepithelial lymphocyte))
E: vsmc (aka vascular associated smooth muscle cell) (aka vascular associated smooth muscle cell)
F: non-striated muscle fiber of jejunum (aka smooth muscle fiber of jejunum)
G: skeletal muscle myoblast (skeletal myoblast) (aka skeletal muscle myoblast)
H: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex
I: smooth muscle cell (smcs (aka smooth muscle cell))
J: contractile cell
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the chick, apoptotic neural crest-derived cells have also been found at the sites, where the prongs of the AP septum penetrate into the OFT cushion mesenchyme [25,26].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apoptotic ... cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree
B: microconidium
C: single nucleate cell
D: sexual spore (meiotically-derived spore) (aka sexual spore)
E: ka cell (aka kolmer-agduhr neuron)
F: beta-basophil (aka thyrotroph)
G: apoptosis fated cell
H: internal epithelial cell of tympanic membrane
I: pore cell
J: polyploid cell
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'G,H, TUNEL staining of lacZ-stained embryos demonstrates that apoptotic cells are of neural crest origin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apoptotic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beta-basophil (aka thyrotroph)
B: brush cell of epithelium proper of large intestine
C: lining cell (boundary cell) (aka lining cell)
D: internal pillar cell of cochlea
E: apoptosis fated cell
F: endopolyploid cell
G: single nucleate cell
H: internal epithelial cell of tympanic membrane
I: ka cell (aka kolmer-agduhr neuron)
J: polyploid cell
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'AS, aortic sac, arrows point to clusters of apoptotic cells surrounding the aortic sac.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'apoptotic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beta-basophil (aka thyrotroph)
B: endopolyploid cell
C: immature vg1.1+vd6.3+ t cell (aka immature vgamma1.1-positive, vdelta6.3-positive thymocyte)
D: microconidium
E: stuff accumulating cell
F: syncytial cell (aka multinucleate cell)
G: ka cell (aka kolmer-agduhr neuron)
H: internal epithelial cell of tympanic membrane
I: sexual spore (meiotically-derived spore) (aka sexual spore)
J: apoptosis fated cell
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although some NC-derived cells appeared to be differentiating to smooth muscle cells in the OFT (Fig. 6), we could never detect the AP septum forming in Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants between E10.5 and E11.5.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'smooth muscle cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: non-striated muscle fiber of jejunum (aka smooth muscle fiber of jejunum)
B: iel (aka intraepithelial lymphocyte) (aka intraepithelial lymphocyte)
C: cd4-positive type i nkt cell secreting interferon-gamma (aka cd4-positive type i nk t cell secreting interferon-gamma)
D: myocytes, smooth muscle (aka smooth muscle cell)
E: vsmc (aka vascular associated smooth muscle cell) (aka vascular associated smooth muscle cell)
F: annulus pulposus cell (anulus pulposus cell) (aka annulus pulposus cell)
G: smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon (non-striated muscle fiber of ascending colon) (aka smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon)
H: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex
I: astrocyte of the cerebellum
J: skeletal myoblast (aka skeletal muscle myoblast)
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Moreover, it is likely that these cells forming the AP-septum die the before majority of them can differentiate to smooth muscle cells.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'smooth muscle cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon (non-striated muscle fiber of ascending colon) (aka smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon)
B: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex
C: non-striated muscle cell (aka smooth muscle cell)
D: annulus pulposus cell (anulus pulposus cell) (aka annulus pulposus cell)
E: smooth muscle cell of bladder
F: non-striated muscle fiber of jejunum (aka smooth muscle fiber of jejunum)
G: iel (aka intraepithelial lymphocyte) (aka intraepithelial lymphocyte)
H: skeletal muscle myoblast (skeletal myoblast) (aka skeletal muscle myoblast)
I: astrocyte of the hippocampus
J: cd4-positive type i nk t-cell secreting interferon-gamma (aka cd4-positive type i nk t cell secreting interferon-gamma)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Several in vitro studies have suggested an indispensable role for TGF-β-signaling in differentiation of NCCs into smooth muscle cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'smooth muscle cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: non-striated muscle cell (aka smooth muscle cell)
B: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex
C: smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon (non-striated muscle fiber of ascending colon) (aka smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon)
D: intraepithelial lymphocyte (iel (aka intraepithelial lymphocyte))
E: cd4-positive type i nkt cell secreting interferon-gamma (aka cd4-positive type i nk t cell secreting interferon-gamma)
F: astrocyte of the cerebellum
G: skeletal myoblast (aka skeletal muscle myoblast)
H: non-striated muscle fiber of jejunum (aka smooth muscle fiber of jejunum)
I: smooth muscle cell of bladder
J: vascular smooth muscle cell (aka vascular associated smooth muscle cell)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Firstly, while the pharyngeal organ migration fails in Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants, perhaps as a result of increased mesenchymal cell death in the pharyngeal region, both the thymus, thyroid and parathyroid seem to develop relatively normally on the histological level in these mutants.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mesenchymal cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: clear cell of thyroid gland (aka parafollicular cell)
B: perineuronal satellite cell (perineuronal satellite oligodendroglial cell) (aka perineuronal satellite cell)
C: extracellular matrix secreting cell
D: red blood cell (aka enucleate erythrocyte)
E: mesoblast (aka mesodermal cell)
F: neural cell
G: mesenchymal stromal cell (aka mesenchymal cell)
H: epithelial cell of cervical canal (aka epithelial cell of cervix)
I: pancreatic ductal cell
J: bone matrix secreting cell
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, in Alk2/Wnt1-Cre mutants a sizeable septal mesenchyme could be seen, still without any obvious looping of the aortic sac and truncal OFT, suggesting that the mere presence of the septal mesenchyme, without correct smooth muscle cell differentiation, is not sufficient for OFT rotation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'smooth muscle cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon (non-striated muscle fiber of ascending colon) (aka smooth muscle fiber of ascending colon)
B: smooth muscle cell (smcs (aka smooth muscle cell))
C: skeletal muscle myoblast (skeletal myoblast) (aka skeletal muscle myoblast)
D: vascular smooth muscle cell (aka vascular associated smooth muscle cell)
E: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex
F: non-striated muscle fiber of jejunum (aka smooth muscle fiber of jejunum)
G: smooth muscle cell of bladder
H: annulus pulposus cell (anulus pulposus cell) (aka annulus pulposus cell)
I: intraepithelial lymphocyte (iel (aka intraepithelial lymphocyte))
J: cd4-positive type i nkt cell secreting interferon-gamma (aka cd4-positive type i nk t cell secreting interferon-gamma)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RMCE-ASAP: a gene targeting method for ES and somatic cells to accelerate phenotype analyses
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous insight has been gained on p53 regulation by targeting mutations at the p53 locus using homologous recombination in ES cells to generate mutant mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es ... cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
B: chlamydospore
C: connective tissue cell
D: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
E: endoderm cell (aka endodermal cell)
F: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
G: extraembryonic cell
H: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
I: stem cell
J: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RMCE-ASAP: a gene targeting method for ES and somatic cells to accelerate phenotype analyses
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous insight has been gained on p53 regulation by targeting mutations at the p53 locus using homologous recombination in ES cells to generate mutant mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: early erythroblast (aka basophilic erythroblast)
B: eukaryotic cell
C: diploid cell
D: cell
E: germ line stem cell (sensu vertebrata)
F: haploid nucleated cell (aka gamete)
G: germ line cell
H: cochlear inner hair cell (inner hair cell) (aka cochlear inner hair cell)
I: stem cell
J: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RMCE-ASAP: a gene targeting method for ES and somatic cells to accelerate phenotype analyses
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous insight has been gained on p53 regulation by targeting mutations at the p53 locus using homologous recombination in ES cells to generate mutant mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
B: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
C: extraembryonic cell
D: early embryonic cell
E: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
F: connective tissue cell
G: multi-fate stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
H: type d cell of colon
I: epithelial fate stem cell
J: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our approach enables efficient targeting in ES cells to facilitate the production of mutant mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
B: type d cell of colon
C: type d cell of small intestine
D: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
E: extraembryonic cell
F: embryonic cell
G: multi-fate stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
H: early embryonic cell
I: epithelial fate stem cell
J: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'But more importantly, the approach was Adapted for targeting in Somatic cells to Accelerate Phenotyping (RMCE-ASAP).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: germ line stem cell (germline stem cell) (aka germ line stem cell)
B: diploid cell
C: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
D: chlamydospore
E: connective tissue cell
F: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
G: early erythroblast (aka basophilic erythroblast)
H: cochlear inner hair cell (inner hair cell) (aka cochlear inner hair cell)
I: germ line cell
J: haploid cell
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We provide proof-of-concept for this at the p53 locus, by showing efficient targeting in fibroblasts, and rapid phenotypic read-out of a recessive mutation after a single exchange.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fibroblasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mfb (aka myofibroblast cell) (aka myofibroblast cell)
B: arc (aka pericyte cell) (aka pericyte cell)
C: mesenchymal cell (colony-forming unit-fibroblast) (aka mesenchymal cell)
D: thoracic aorta endothelial cell
E: mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow
F: smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil (aka smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil)
G: aortic endothelial cell
H: fibroblast
I: amniotic membrane stem cell (aka amnion mesenchymal stem cell)
J: fibrocyte of adventitia of ureter
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RMCE-ASAP combines inverted heterologous recombinase target sites, a positive/negative selection marker that preserves the germline capacity of ES cells, and the power of mouse genetics.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydospore
B: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
C: extraembryonic cell
D: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
E: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
F: connective tissue cell
G: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
H: type d cell of small intestine
I: early embryonic cell
J: stem cell
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies in cultured cells, often relying on the transfection of plasmids expressing various p53 mutants, have established models to explain how p53 is regulated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cultured cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: structural cell
B: connective tissue cell
C: cell
D: native cell (cell in vivo) (aka native cell)
E: cultured cell
F: eukaryotic cell
G: protein secreting cell
H: scaffold cell
I: fibroblast
J: primary cell line cell (aka primary cultured cell)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In recent years, some of these models were tested in vivo by targeting subtle mutations at the p53 locus using homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells to generate mutant mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'embryonic stem ... cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial cell of external acoustic meatus
B: chlamydospore
C: germ line stem cell (sensu vertebrata)
D: embryonic cell
E: epithelial cell of lacrimal duct
F: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
G: type d cell of small intestine
H: epithelial fate stem cell
I: type d cell of colon
J: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In recent years, some of these models were tested in vivo by targeting subtle mutations at the p53 locus using homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells to generate mutant mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es ... cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: endoderm cell (aka endodermal cell)
B: type d cell of small intestine
C: embryonic cell
D: early embryonic cell
E: connective tissue cell
F: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
G: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
H: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
I: epithelial cell of external acoustic meatus
J: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, using homologous recombination in ES cells to generate mutant mice is an inefficient, slow and expensive method because (i) homologous recombination typically occurs at low frequency in ES cells, requiring sophisticated selection schemes and screening of hundreds of clones to identify the desired mutant; (ii) large (15–20 kb) plasmids, often difficult to clone, are required to increase targeting efficiency and (iii) breeding mice to homozygosity and housing a mouse colony generate further delays and costs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: type d cell of small intestine
B: chlamydospore
C: stem cell
D: connective tissue cell
E: multi-fate stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
F: embryonic cell
G: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
H: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
I: early embryonic cell
J: extraembryonic cell
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, using homologous recombination in ES cells to generate mutant mice is an inefficient, slow and expensive method because (i) homologous recombination typically occurs at low frequency in ES cells, requiring sophisticated selection schemes and screening of hundreds of clones to identify the desired mutant; (ii) large (15–20 kb) plasmids, often difficult to clone, are required to increase targeting efficiency and (iii) breeding mice to homozygosity and housing a mouse colony generate further delays and costs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: extraembryonic cell
B: type d cell of small intestine
C: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
D: connective tissue cell
E: type d cell of colon
F: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
G: stem cell
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: embryonic cell
J: epithelial fate stem cell
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Developing methods to increase targeting efficiency in ES cells is clearly an important goal.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
B: epithelial fate stem cell
C: type d cell of small intestine
D: single fate stem cell (unipotential stem cell) (aka single fate stem cell)
E: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
F: embryonic cell
G: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: type d cell of colon
J: connective tissue cell
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, efficient methods for gene targeting in fibroblasts could expedite phenotypic analyses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fibroblasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kidney resident macrophage
B: fibrocyte of adventitia of ureter
C: foreskin fibroblast
D: colony-forming unit-fibroblast (aka mesenchymal cell)
E: mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow
F: mfb (aka myofibroblast cell) (aka myofibroblast cell)
G: thoracic aorta endothelial cell
H: vein endothelial cell (endothelial cell of vein) (aka vein endothelial cell)
I: fibroblast
J: chorionic membrane mesenchymal stem cell
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Indeed, siRNAs in fibroblasts often provide a faster read-out than equivalent gene knock-outs in animals (6).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fibroblasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fibroblast
B: fibrocyte
C: aortic endothelial cell
D: muscle fibroblast
E: smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil (aka smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil)
F: arc (aka pericyte cell) (aka pericyte cell)
G: amniotic membrane stem cell (aka amnion mesenchymal stem cell)
H: myofibroblast cell (mfb (aka myofibroblast cell))
I: seminiferous tubule epithelial cell
J: adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle (epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle) (aka adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Targeting point mutations in fibroblasts by homologous recombination is extremely inefficient, and targeting both alleles is required to reveal the phenotype of recessive autosomal mutations.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fibroblasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mesenchymal cell (colony-forming unit-fibroblast) (aka mesenchymal cell)
B: seminiferous tubule epithelial cell
C: chorionic membrane mesenchymal stem cell
D: fibroblast
E: vein endothelial cell (endothelial cell of vein) (aka vein endothelial cell)
F: arc (aka pericyte cell) (aka pericyte cell)
G: thoracic aorta endothelial cell
H: smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil (aka smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil)
I: fibrocyte
J: kidney resident macrophage
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we report an approach that enables highly efficient targeting at the p53 locus in both ES cells and fibroblasts.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fibroblasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fibroblast
B: vein endothelial cell (endothelial cell of vein) (aka vein endothelial cell)
C: seminiferous tubule epithelial cell
D: smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil (aka smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil)
E: thoracic aorta endothelial cell
F: chorionic membrane mesenchymal stem cell
G: amniotic membrane stem cell (aka amnion mesenchymal stem cell)
H: adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle (epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle) (aka adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle)
I: kidney resident macrophage
J: fibrocyte of adventitia of ureter
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we report an approach that enables highly efficient targeting at the p53 locus in both ES cells and fibroblasts.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
B: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
C: early embryonic cell
D: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
E: embryonic cell
F: chlamydospore
G: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
H: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
I: type d cell of small intestine
J: extraembryonic cell
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Most RMCE experiments have been performed at random sites in somatic cell lines.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: haploid cell
B: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
C: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
D: haploid nucleated cell (aka gamete)
E: chlamydospore
F: germ line stem cell (sensu vertebrata)
G: diploid cell
H: eukaryotic cell
I: transversely striated visceral muscle cell
J: cell
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Only a few mutant mice generated by RMCE in ES cells have been reported, but the RMCE systematically introduced a selectable marker (15–17), or, when tested without an incoming marker, proved inefficient (12).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stem cell
B: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
C: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
D: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
E: chlamydospore
F: early embryonic cell
G: extraembryonic cell
H: type d cell of small intestine
I: connective tissue cell
J: epithelial fate stem cell
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A recent report disclosed an additional problem: the Hygromycin–Thymidine Kinase fusion gene used most frequently for positive/negative selection in RMCE, leads to mouse sterility, so that exchanges can only be performed in ES cells (16).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
B: extraembryonic cell
C: type d cell of small intestine
D: early embryonic cell
E: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
F: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
G: epithelial fate stem cell
H: type d cell of colon
I: connective tissue cell
J: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The RMCE strategy presented here relies on the integrated use of inverted heterologous loxP sites, a positive/negative selection marker that preserves the germline capacity of ES cells, and the power of mouse genetics to expedite phenotypic analyses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
B: multi-fate stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
C: connective tissue cell
D: stem cell
E: early embryonic cell
F: embryonic cell
G: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
H: epithelial fate stem cell
I: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
J: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We show that our approach enables efficient targeting of marker-free mutations at the p53 locus in ES cells to generate mutant mice, but more importantly, it is Adapted for targeting in Somatic cells to Accelerate Phenotyping (ASAP).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: connective tissue cell
B: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
C: extraembryonic cell
D: epithelial fate stem cell
E: stem cell
F: chlamydospore
G: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
H: embryonic cell
I: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
J: early embryonic cell
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We show that our approach enables efficient targeting of marker-free mutations at the p53 locus in ES cells to generate mutant mice, but more importantly, it is Adapted for targeting in Somatic cells to Accelerate Phenotyping (ASAP).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: germ line cell
B: chlamydospore
C: germ line stem cell (sensu vertebrata)
D: connective tissue cell
E: eukaryotic cell
F: cochlear inner hair cell (inner hair cell) (aka cochlear inner hair cell)
G: diploid cell
H: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
I: haploid cell
J: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context '129/SvJae ES cells were grown in the same medium supplemented with 1000 U/ml ESGRO (Chemicon), on a layer of mitomycin C-treated SNLPuro-7/4 feeders (kind gift of A. Bradley).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stem cell
B: type d cell of colon
C: epithelial fate stem cell
D: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
E: type d cell of small intestine
F: single fate stem cell (unipotential stem cell) (aka single fate stem cell)
G: chlamydospore
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: embryonic cell
J: connective tissue cell
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Targeting/genotyping of the RMCE-ready locus
29/SvJae ES cells were electroporated with the Flox construct linearized with PmeI, and puromycin resistant clones were analyzed as described (Figure 2).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: connective tissue cell
B: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
C: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
D: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
E: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
F: extraembryonic cell
G: embryonic cell
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: type d cell of small intestine
J: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Performing RMCE in ES cells
A total of 8 × 105 p53RMCE/+ ES cells were grown without puromycin for 12 h, electroporated with 15 μg CMV-Cre plasmid (pOG231) and 200 μg of the exchange construct, and plated in T25 flasks at 105 cells per flask.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: embryonic cell
B: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
C: epithelial fate stem cell
D: type d cell of small intestine
E: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
F: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
G: type d cell of colon
H: chlamydospore
I: stem cell
J: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Performing RMCE in ES cells
A total of 8 × 105 p53RMCE/+ ES cells were grown without puromycin for 12 h, electroporated with 15 μg CMV-Cre plasmid (pOG231) and 200 μg of the exchange construct, and plated in T25 flasks at 105 cells per flask.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: extraembryonic cell
B: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
C: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
D: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
E: connective tissue cell
F: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
G: early embryonic cell
H: chlamydospore
I: type d cell of small intestine
J: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The first step requires generating a floxed allele in ES cells that will serve as the substrate for subsequent exchanges (RMCE-ready ES cell, Figure 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: type d cell of small intestine
B: chlamydospore
C: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
D: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
E: extraembryonic cell
F: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
G: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: epithelial fate stem cell
J: type d cell of colon
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The first step requires generating a floxed allele in ES cells that will serve as the substrate for subsequent exchanges (RMCE-ready ES cell, Figure 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
B: chlamydospore
C: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
D: embryonic cell
E: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
F: type d cell of colon
G: connective tissue cell
H: extraembryonic cell
I: epithelial fate stem cell
J: early embryonic cell
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We next tested the efficiency of RMCE in ES cells, using a replacement construct encoding p53 fused to GFP (p53GFP) to enable tracking p53 in individual live cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stem cell
B: early embryonic cell
C: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
D: type d cell of colon
E: chlamydospore
F: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
G: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
H: embryonic cell
I: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
J: epithelial fate stem cell
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The exchange strategy is detailed in Figure 3A. We picked 65 ES cell clones resistant to 1-(-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-b-d-arabino-furanosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) due to TK loss and analyzed their DNA by PCR and Southern blot.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: extraembryonic cell
B: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
C: stem cell
D: type d cell of colon
E: embryonic cell
F: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: type d cell of small intestine
H: early embryonic cell
I: chlamydospore
J: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'p53+/GFP ES clones were analyzed by western blot with an antibody against p53, and found to express an additional band at the expected size (ca. 80 kDa).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pillar cell of corti (aka pillar cell)
B: stem cell
C: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
D: early embryonic cell
E: embryonic cell
F: epithelial cell of lacrimal duct
G: epithelial mesenchymal cell (aka meso-epithelial cell)
H: type d cell of colon
I: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
J: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It has been shown that the p53 pathway is regulated very differently in ES and somatic cells: ES cells contain relatively high p53 levels and lack the p53-mediated DNA damage responses found in somatic cells (18).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es ... cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial fate stem cell
B: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
C: epithelial cell of external acoustic meatus
D: chlamydospore
E: connective tissue cell
F: stem cell
G: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
H: endoderm cell (aka endodermal cell)
I: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
J: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It has been shown that the p53 pathway is regulated very differently in ES and somatic cells: ES cells contain relatively high p53 levels and lack the p53-mediated DNA damage responses found in somatic cells (18).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydospore
B: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
C: eukaryotic cell
D: connective tissue cell
E: transversely striated visceral muscle cell
F: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
G: gamete (haploid nucleated cell) (aka gamete)
H: haploid cell
I: stem cell
J: germ line cell
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It has been shown that the p53 pathway is regulated very differently in ES and somatic cells: ES cells contain relatively high p53 levels and lack the p53-mediated DNA damage responses found in somatic cells (18).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: connective tissue cell
B: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
C: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
D: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
E: type d cell of small intestine
F: type d cell of colon
G: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: chlamydospore
J: early embryonic cell
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It has been shown that the p53 pathway is regulated very differently in ES and somatic cells: ES cells contain relatively high p53 levels and lack the p53-mediated DNA damage responses found in somatic cells (18).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cochlear inner hair cell (inner hair cell) (aka cochlear inner hair cell)
B: haploid cell
C: cell
D: chlamydospore
E: germ line stem cell (sensu vertebrata)
F: germ line cell
G: eukaryotic cell
H: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
I: connective tissue cell
J: transversely striated visceral muscle cell
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This, together with the observation that p53 levels decrease during mouse embryogenesis (19), suggested an explanation for the observed lack of pregnancies: we speculate that the high levels of p53GFP in the ES cells injected into blastocysts might have prevented normal embryonic development once these cells began to differentiate and the p53 pathway became functional.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: embryonic cell
B: connective tissue cell
C: stem cell
D: epithelial fate stem cell
E: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
F: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
H: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
I: type d cell of colon
J: type d cell of small intestine
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RMCE with a p53ΔPGFP replacement plasmid was again very efficient and western blots revealed an additional band of the predicted molecular weight only in p53+/ΔPGFP ES cells (Figure 3B).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
B: stem cell
C: multi-fate stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
D: epithelial fate stem cell
E: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
F: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
G: chlamydospore
H: connective tissue cell
I: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
J: type d cell of colon
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We next determined whether p53+/ΔPGFP ES cells could generate chimeric mice and transmit the modified allele through the germline.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: type d cell of colon
B: chlamydospore
C: type d cell of small intestine
D: epithelial fate stem cell
E: extraembryonic cell
F: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
G: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: stem cell
J: early embryonic cell
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two p53+/ΔPGFP ES cell clones were injected into blastocysts and highly chimeric (>80%) mice were obtained.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: single fate stem cell (unipotential stem cell) (aka single fate stem cell)
B: stem cell
C: chlamydospore
D: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
E: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
F: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
G: embryonic cell
H: type d cell of colon
I: extraembryonic cell
J: type d cell of small intestine
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data demonstrate that marker-free RMCE is very efficient in ES cells and allows germline transmission of a targeted mutation (see Figure 1, path A).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: extraembryonic cell
B: connective tissue cell
C: early embryonic cell
D: chlamydospore
E: embryonic cell
F: epithelial fate stem cell
G: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: type d cell of colon
J: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We next determined whether the RMCE approach could be used to target mutations at the p53 allele in somatic cells (Figure 1, path B).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: germ line stem cell (sensu vertebrata)
B: connective tissue cell
C: cochlear inner hair cell (inner hair cell) (aka cochlear inner hair cell)
D: haploid nucleated cell (aka gamete)
E: germ line stem cell (germline stem cell) (aka germ line stem cell)
F: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
G: chlamydospore
H: haploid cell
I: stem cell
J: cell
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Importantly, this allowed us to generate p53RMCE/− MEFs, which were used to test RMCE at the p53 locus in somatic cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: connective tissue cell
B: transversely striated visceral muscle cell
C: gamete (haploid nucleated cell) (aka gamete)
D: diploid cell
E: germ line cell
F: cochlear inner hair cell (inner hair cell) (aka cochlear inner hair cell)
G: stem cell
H: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
I: germ line stem cell (sensu vertebrata)
J: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RMCE with p53GFP in ES cells showed that p53GFP is expressed at high levels (Figure 3A), and as mentioned before, the p53 pathway that can be activated in MEFs is not readily activated in ES cells (18).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: early embryonic cell
B: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
C: embryonic cell
D: chlamydospore
E: connective tissue cell
F: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
G: type d cell of colon
H: single fate stem cell (unipotential stem cell) (aka single fate stem cell)
I: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
J: epithelial fate stem cell
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RMCE with p53GFP in ES cells showed that p53GFP is expressed at high levels (Figure 3A), and as mentioned before, the p53 pathway that can be activated in MEFs is not readily activated in ES cells (18).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
B: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
C: epithelial fate stem cell
D: embryonic cell
E: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
F: connective tissue cell
G: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
H: early embryonic cell
I: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
J: extraembryonic cell
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results above suggest that high levels of p53GFP could be tolerated by ES cells but toxic to MEFs, so that MEFs in which an RMCE had occurred failed to proliferate.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial fate stem cell
B: chlamydospore
C: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
D: embryonic cell
E: multi-fate stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
F: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
G: stem cell
H: single fate stem cell (unipotential stem cell) (aka single fate stem cell)
I: extraembryonic cell
J: connective tissue cell
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'p53ΔPGFP-expressing MEFs were viable, recovered with an efficiency of ∼40%, and, as expected from ES cell experiments, expressed a p53ΔPGFP protein at much lower levels than p53WT (Figure 5B).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: multi-fate stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
B: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
C: connective tissue cell
D: type d cell of colon
E: embryonic cell
F: stem cell
G: type d cell of small intestine
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: epithelial fate stem cell
J: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data report the development and implementation of an improved RMCE approach that enables efficient allele modification in ES cells to generate mice and in heterozygous MEFs to accelerate phenotypic analyses.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
B: type d cell of small intestine
C: epithelial fate stem cell
D: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
E: connective tissue cell
F: early embryonic cell
G: embryonic cell
H: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
I: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
J: extraembryonic cell
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The success of RMCE-ASAP relied on the integrated use of inverted heterologous loxP sites, a positive/negative selection marker that preserves the germline capacity of ES cells, and, for somatic cells, the existence of a knock-out allele of the gene of interest.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
B: stem cell
C: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
D: chlamydospore
E: epithelial fate stem cell
F: early embryonic cell
G: extraembryonic cell
H: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
I: connective tissue cell
J: embryonic cell
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The success of RMCE-ASAP relied on the integrated use of inverted heterologous loxP sites, a positive/negative selection marker that preserves the germline capacity of ES cells, and, for somatic cells, the existence of a knock-out allele of the gene of interest.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stem cell
B: early erythroblast (aka basophilic erythroblast)
C: transversely striated visceral muscle cell
D: cell
E: chlamydospore
F: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
G: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
H: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
I: germline stem cell (aka germ line stem cell)
J: diploid cell
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, RMCE-ASAP could be used to generate fibroblastic cell lines tailored for the repeated targeting of widely studied genes (p53, c-myc, NF-KB, etc.).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fibroblastic cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: muscle fibroblast
B: neural cell
C: vein endothelial cell (endothelial cell of vein) (aka vein endothelial cell)
D: fibrocyte of adventitia of ureter
E: fibroblast
F: kidney resident macrophage
G: amniotic membrane stem cell (aka amnion mesenchymal stem cell)
H: aortic endothelial cell
I: smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil (aka smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil)
J: activated cd4-positive type i nk t-cell (aka activated cd4-positive type i nk t cell)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using homologous recombination, the gene of interest (GOI, open boxes: exons), is targeted with a construct introducing upstream of coding regions one loxP (blue arrowhead) and downstream, a positive/negative selection cassette (red box) and a second inverted heterologous loxP (purple arrowhead) to create RMCE-ready ES cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
B: connective tissue cell
C: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
D: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
E: stem cell
F: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
G: extraembryonic cell
H: type d cell of colon
I: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
J: type d cell of small intestine
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This is a crucial requirement for accelerated phenotyping in somatic cells, as maintaining a functional GOI ensures that the RMCE-ready locus still behaves like a WT locus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stem cell
B: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
C: transversely striated visceral muscle cell
D: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
E: haploid cell
F: eukaryotic cell
G: connective tissue cell
H: chlamydospore
I: cell
J: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, after breeding the RMCE-ready mouse with mice heterozygotes for the GOI, somatic cells with an RMCE-ready locus and a WT or KO allele can be recovered [e.g. RMCE/+ and RMCE/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs)].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fibroblasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thoracic aorta endothelial cell
B: muscle fibroblast
C: colony-forming unit-fibroblast (aka mesenchymal cell)
D: kidney resident macrophage
E: fibrocyte
F: mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow
G: chorionic membrane mesenchymal stem cell
H: seminiferous tubule epithelial cell
I: aortic endothelial cell
J: fibroblast
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, after breeding the RMCE-ready mouse with mice heterozygotes for the GOI, somatic cells with an RMCE-ready locus and a WT or KO allele can be recovered [e.g. RMCE/+ and RMCE/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs)].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'somatic cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: germ line stem cell (sensu vertebrata)
B: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
C: early erythroblast (aka basophilic erythroblast)
D: diploid cell
E: germline stem cell (aka germ line stem cell)
F: eukaryotic cell
G: haploid germ cell (aka gamete)
H: haploid cell
I: transversely striated visceral muscle cell
J: stem cell
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Figure 2
Generating ES cells with a p53 RMCE-ready locus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
B: stem cell
C: chlamydospore
D: early embryonic cell
E: type d cell of colon
F: type d cell of small intestine
G: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
H: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
I: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
J: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Figure 3
Performing RMCE in ES cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: early embryonic cell
B: stem cell
C: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
D: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
E: embryonic cell
F: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
G: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
H: epithelial fate stem cell
I: connective tissue cell
J: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the representative western (right), cells from two independent p53+/GFP ES clones were left untreated or treated with adriamycin (ADR) at 0.5 μg/ml for 24 h, and protein extracts were prepared.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydospore
B: epithelial fate stem cell
C: epithelial cell of lacrimal duct
D: pancreatic ductal cell
E: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
F: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: type d cell of colon
H: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
I: stem cell
J: early embryonic cell
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'p53RMCE/+ ES cells were injected into blastocysts to generate chimeric mice.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: embryonic cell
B: stem cell
C: connective tissue cell
D: type d cell of colon
E: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
F: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
G: type d cell of small intestine
H: epithelial fate stem cell
I: extraembryonic cell
J: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Table 1
Summary of targeting experiments
In ES cells, targeting p53ΔPGFP or p53GFP by RMCE was ∼20 times more efficient than targeting Flox by homologous recombination.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: type d cell of small intestine
B: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
C: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
D: chlamydospore
E: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
F: early embryonic cell
G: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
H: stem cell
I: single fate stem cell (unipotential stem cell) (aka single fate stem cell)
J: connective tissue cell
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Importantly, a phenotypic read-out of the p53ΔPGFP mutation in MEFs, if it had been performed after targeting in fibroblasts by homologous recombination, would have required two rounds of inefficient targeting to target both p53 alleles.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fibroblasts'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: muscle fibroblast
B: seminiferous tubule epithelial cell
C: fibroblast
D: aortic endothelial cell
E: foreskin fibroblast
F: smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil (aka smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil)
G: vein endothelial cell (endothelial cell of vein) (aka vein endothelial cell)
H: adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle (epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle) (aka adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle)
I: fibrocyte of adventitia of ureter
J: amniotic membrane stem cell (aka amnion mesenchymal stem cell)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Glaucoma involves retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve damage that is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'retinal ganglion cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stromal cell of bone marrow (bone marrow stromal cell) (aka stromal cell of bone marrow)
B: periarticular chondrocyte
C: epithelial cell of cornea (aka corneal epithelial cell)
D: absorptive cell
E: eye photoreceptor cell
F: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (lec (aka endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel))
G: gangliocyte (aka retinal ganglion cell)
H: umbilical artery epithelial cell (aka epithelial cell of umbilical artery)
I: thyrotroph (thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell) (aka thyrotroph)
J: cardiac myoblast
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pigment filled macrophages that resemble human clump cells were often located in the angle of CBA/CaJ mice but were never sufficient to block drainage.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'macrophages'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: splenic marginal zone macrophage
B: peyer's patch macrophage
C: lymph node tingible body macrophage
D: splenic red pulp macrophage
E: macrophage (sensu diptera)
F: histiocyte (aka macrophage)
G: b cell (b-lymphocyte) (aka b cell)
H: thymic macrophage
I: immature basophil (immature basophilic leucocyte) (aka immature basophil)
J: brain macrophage (aka microglial cell)
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The IOP increase in the dark is not dependent on functional rod and cone photoreceptors since these cells degenerate in SWR/J mice due to homozygosity for the Pde6brd1 mutation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rod ... photoreceptors'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: type iii cell of adrenal cortex
B: absorptive cell
C: eye photoreceptor cell
D: cd4-positive helper t-cell (aka cd4-positive helper t cell)
E: cardiac myoblast
F: ascospore
G: smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery
H: stromal cell
I: cumulus cell
J: umbilical artery epithelial cell (aka epithelial cell of umbilical artery)
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The IOP increase in the dark is not dependent on functional rod and cone photoreceptors since these cells degenerate in SWR/J mice due to homozygosity for the Pde6brd1 mutation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cone photoreceptors'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lec (aka endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel) (aka endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel)
B: cd4-positive helper t-cell (aka cd4-positive helper t cell)
C: type iii cell of adrenal cortex
D: cardiac myoblast
E: visual pigment cell (pigment cell) (aka visual pigment cell)
F: type 6 cone bipolar cell (sensu mus) (db5 cone bipolar cell) (aka type 6 cone bipolar cell (sensu mus))
G: epithelial cell of cornea (aka corneal epithelial cell)
H: kit-positive erythroid progenitor cell
I: equatorial cone cell (sensu endopterygota)
J: stromal cell
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In agreement with this finding, circadian regulation of wheel running by light was previously reported in mice lacking rods and cones [70].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rods'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery
B: stab cell (aka band form neutrophil)
C: epithelial cell of cornea (aka corneal epithelial cell)
D: cd4-positive t-helper cell (aka cd4-positive helper t cell)
E: schwann cell (aka terminal schwann cell)
F: cumulus cell
G: lec (aka endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel) (aka endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel)
H: type f enteroendocrine cell (aka pp cell)
I: extramedullary cell
J: type 4 cone bipolar cell (sensu mus) (db3 cone bipolar cell) (aka type 4 cone bipolar cell (sensu mus))
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In agreement with this finding, circadian regulation of wheel running by light was previously reported in mice lacking rods and cones [70].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cones'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kit-positive erythroid progenitor cell
B: visual pigment cell (pigment cell) (aka visual pigment cell)
C: eye photoreceptor cell
D: pigment cell (sensu vertebrata)
E: heterocyst
F: somatic stem cell
G: equatorial cone cell (sensu endopterygota)
H: type 6 cone bipolar cell (sensu mus) (db5 cone bipolar cell) (aka type 6 cone bipolar cell (sensu mus))
I: cd4-positive t-helper cell (aka cd4-positive helper t cell)
J: stromal cell of bone marrow (bone marrow stromal cell) (aka stromal cell of bone marrow)
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is usually associated with a mild form of α-thalassaemia, caused by reduced expression of structurally intact α-globin genes, and characterised by the presence of β-globin tetramers (haemoglobin H inclusion bodies) in peripheral red blood cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'red blood cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: basophilic metamyelocyte
B: platelet (enucleate thrombocyte) (aka platelet)
C: endospore (bacterial spore) (aka endospore)
D: red blood cell (aka erythrocyte)
E: microconidium
F: blood cell
G: basophilic normoblast (aka basophilic erythroblast)
H: band (aka band form neutrophil) (aka band form neutrophil)
I: hemangioblast precursor (aka yolk sac hematopoietic stem cell)
J: neutrophilic promyelocyte (neutrophilic progranulocyte) (aka neutrophilic promyelocyte)
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It also interacts with HP1 at heterochromatin [9] and is recruited to promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies via an interaction with Daxx', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'promyelocytic'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: external epithelial cell of tympanic membrane
B: orthochromatic erythroblast (pyknotic eto enrythroblast) (aka orthochromatic erythroblast)
C: basophilic normoblast (aka basophilic erythroblast)
D: neutrophilic myeloblast (neutrophilic granuloblast) (aka neutrophilic myeloblast)
E: oncocyte (oxyphil) (aka oncocyte)
F: promyelocyte
G: mf.lu (aka alveolar macrophage)
H: immature eosinophilic leukocyte (aka immature eosinophil)
I: neutrophil leukocyte (aka neutrophil)
J: superficial external epithelial cell of tympanic membrane
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To investigate the role of this protein during mouse development, we generated a conditionally deleted allele of the Atrx gene in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and used these cells to examine the effect of ablating expression of the full-length Atrx protein in ES cells and in mouse embryos.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'embryonic stem ... cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial cell of lacrimal duct
B: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
C: epithelial fate stem cell
D: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
E: extraembryonic cell
F: epithelial cell of external acoustic meatus
G: connective tissue cell
H: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
I: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
J: embryonic cell
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To investigate the role of this protein during mouse development, we generated a conditionally deleted allele of the Atrx gene in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and used these cells to examine the effect of ablating expression of the full-length Atrx protein in ES cells and in mouse embryos.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
B: embryonic cell
C: type d cell of small intestine
D: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
E: stem cell
F: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
G: type d cell of colon
H: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
I: early embryonic cell
J: epithelial fate stem cell
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To investigate the role of this protein during mouse development, we generated a conditionally deleted allele of the Atrx gene in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and used these cells to examine the effect of ablating expression of the full-length Atrx protein in ES cells and in mouse embryos.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es ... cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: connective tissue cell
B: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
C: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
D: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
E: stem cell
F: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: ctec (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell) (aka cortical thymic epithelial cell)
H: extraembryonic cell
I: epithelial fate stem cell
J: endoderm cell (aka endodermal cell)
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Generation of ES Cells Lacking Full-Length Atrx
Like the human gene, the mouse Atrx gene is also X-linked, such that a direct disruption of the single Atrx allele in male ES cells would immediately give rise to the null state.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
B: embryonic cell
C: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
D: type d cell of small intestine
E: epithelial fate stem cell
F: connective tissue cell
G: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
H: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
I: early embryonic cell
J: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Generation of ES Cells Lacking Full-Length Atrx
Like the human gene, the mouse Atrx gene is also X-linked, such that a direct disruption of the single Atrx allele in male ES cells would immediately give rise to the null state.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydospore
B: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
C: multi-fate stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
D: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
E: early embryonic cell
F: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: stem cell
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: epithelial fate stem cell
J: type d cell of colon
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'No targeted clones were recovered after attempted homologous recombination in male E14TG2a ES cells using two different vectors that removed exon 18 of the Atrx gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
B: epithelial fate stem cell
C: connective tissue cell
D: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
E: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
F: type d cell of small intestine
G: early embryonic cell
H: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
I: embryonic cell
J: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The failure to recover targeted clones with these vectors suggested that Atrx may be important for normal ES cell growth and expansion and that direct targeting of the single locus may not be possible.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: early embryonic cell
B: type d cell of small intestine
C: extraembryonic cell
D: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
E: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
F: embryonic cell
G: chlamydospore
H: type d cell of colon
I: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
J: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To generate the full deletion in ES cells, the Atrxflox clones (1/F12 and 1/G11) were transiently transfected with a Cre-recombinase expression plasmid (pCAGGS-Cre-IRESpuro), and subclones were recovered bearing an allele (AtrxΔ18Δneo in Figure 2A) in which both exon 18 and the neor cassette had been deleted by the Cre recombinase (resulting from the recombination event labelled “C” in the Atrxflox allele shown in Figure 2A) (Figure 2C).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: type d cell of colon
B: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
C: stem cell
D: single fate stem cell (unipotential stem cell) (aka single fate stem cell)
E: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
F: chlamydospore
G: epithelial fate stem cell
H: early embryonic cell
I: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
J: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, a conditional knockout strategy allowed the isolation of ES cells that are null for full-length Atrx.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
B: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
C: embryonic cell
D: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
E: totipotential stem cell (aka totipotent stem cell)
F: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: stem cell
H: type d cell of small intestine
I: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
J: extraembryonic cell
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Perturbed Growth and Methylation Defects in Atrxnull ES Cells
Atrxnull ES cells could be maintained in culture but were generally slower growing than Atrx+ ES clones, and appeared to undergo higher rates of spontaneous differentiation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chlamydospore
B: extraembryonic cell
C: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
D: early embryonic cell
E: stem cell
F: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
G: embryonic cell
H: epithelial fate stem cell
I: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
J: single fate stem cell (unipotential stem cell) (aka single fate stem cell)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Perturbed Growth and Methylation Defects in Atrxnull ES Cells
Atrxnull ES cells could be maintained in culture but were generally slower growing than Atrx+ ES clones, and appeared to undergo higher rates of spontaneous differentiation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: extraembryonic cell
B: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
C: connective tissue cell
D: stem cell
E: type d cell of small intestine
F: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: epithelial fate stem cell
H: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
I: type d cell of colon
J: chlamydospore
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Perturbed Growth and Methylation Defects in Atrxnull ES Cells
Atrxnull ES cells could be maintained in culture but were generally slower growing than Atrx+ ES clones, and appeared to undergo higher rates of spontaneous differentiation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: type d cell of colon
B: chlamydospore
C: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
D: connective tissue cell
E: stratified epithelial stem cell
F: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
G: early embryonic cell
H: syncytial epithelial cell
I: epithelial fate stem cell
J: ecto-epithelial cell
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We investigated directly the effect of Atrx on ES cell growth by comparing Atrx+ and Atrxnull ES cell clones in competition cultures.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: connective tissue cell
B: embryonic cell
C: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
D: early embryonic cell
E: extraembryonic cell
F: unipotential stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
G: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
H: type d cell of small intestine
I: type d cell of colon
J: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We investigated directly the effect of Atrx on ES cell growth by comparing Atrx+ and Atrxnull ES cell clones in competition cultures.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cell'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: embryonic cell
B: type d cell of small intestine
C: multipotent stem cell (aka multi fate stem cell)
D: chlamydospore
E: stem cell
F: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
G: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
H: unipotent stem cell (aka single fate stem cell)
I: early embryonic cell
J: extraembryonic cell
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'ES cells were inoculated into cultures and the mixed cultures were passaged (1:3 split) every 2 d for 8–10 d.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: type d cell of small intestine
B: extraembryonic cell
C: type d cell of colon
D: epithelial fate stem cell
E: early embryonic cell
F: connective tissue cell
G: totipotent stem cell (totipotential stem cell) (aka totipotent stem cell)
H: chlamydospore
I: embryonic cell
J: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The clone containing the AtrxΔ18Δneo allele was rapidly outgrown by both AtrxWT ES cells and cells bearing the Atrxflox allele.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'es cells'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: germ line stem cell (sensu nematoda and protostomia)
B: embryonic cell
C: multi fate stem cell (multipotent stem cell) (aka multi fate stem cell)
D: type d cell of colon
E: type d cell of small intestine
F: embryonic stem cell (esc (aka embryonic stem cell))
G: epithelial cell of colon (aka epithelial cell of large intestine)
H: epithelial fate stem cell
I: early embryonic cell
J: stem cell
K: None of the above. | F |
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