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<Instruct>: Given the context 'The detection limit of the assay was estimated to be around nine copies of the TBRV target region in total RNA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tbrv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus tuberculosis gallinarum (aka mycobacterium avium)
B: bovine torovirus
C: brucella virus tb (aka perisivirus tb)
D: mycobacterium tuberculosis tbr12
E: tulip band breaking virus (tbbv (aka tulip band breaking virus))
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cross-genotypic polyclonal anti-HCV antibodies from human ascitic fluid.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis) (aka hepacivirus hominis)
B: hepatitis c virus (isolate japanese)
C: human hepatitis circovirus
D: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
E: hepatitis c virus subtype 6v
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cross-genotypic polyclonal anti-HCV antibodies from human ascitic fluid.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: carcharhinus humani
C: humans (aka homo)
D: neandertal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
E: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Many anti-HCV antibodies are available, but more are needed for research and clinical applications.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hcv-hun (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate hunan))
B: hepatitis c virus (isolate 1)
C: hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus) (aka human hepatitis a virus)
D: hepatitis c virus hcv-kf (hepatitis c virus (isolate hcv-kf)) (aka hepatitis c virus hcv-kf)
E: human hepatitis virus c hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ascitic fluid from 29 HCV patients was screened by ELISA for anti-HCV antibodies against three viral proteins: core, NS4B, and NS5A. Significant patient-to-patient variability in anti-HCV antibody titers was observed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis c virus (isolate japanese)
B: hepatitis c virus hcv-kf (hepatitis c virus (isolate hcv-kf)) (aka hepatitis c virus hcv-kf)
C: human hepatitis c virus (aka hepacivirus hominis)
D: hepatitis c virus (isolate 1)
E: hepatitis c virus subtype 6v
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ascitic fluid from 29 HCV patients was screened by ELISA for anti-HCV antibodies against three viral proteins: core, NS4B, and NS5A. Significant patient-to-patient variability in anti-HCV antibody titers was observed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis c virus (aka hepacivirus hominis)
B: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
C: hepatitis c viruses (aka hepacivirus)
D: hepatitis c virus (isolate 1)
E: hepatovirus c
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ascitic fluid from 29 HCV patients was screened by ELISA for anti-HCV antibodies against three viral proteins: core, NS4B, and NS5A. Significant patient-to-patient variability in anti-HCV antibody titers was observed.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hcv-hun (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate hunan))
B: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
C: hepatitis c virus hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
D: hepatovirus c
E: hepatitis c virus (isolate japanese)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Total ascitic fluid IgG purified by Protein-A chromatography reacted with HCV proteins in immunoblots, cell extracts, and replicon-expressing cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis circovirus
B: hepatovirus c
C: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
D: hcv-hun (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate hunan))
E: hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis) (aka hepacivirus hominis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Ascitic fluid is an abundant source of human polyclonal cross-genotypic antibodies that can be used as an alternative to blood.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: sphaeria humana (aka sordaria humana)
B: pediculus humanus (human louse) (aka pediculus humanus)
C: homo (humans) (aka homo)
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: carcharhinus humani
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This study shows the utility of selectively purifying human polyclonal antibodies from ascitic fluid.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pediculus humanus corporis (pediculus humanus humanus) (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: neandertal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
E: gymnopleurus humanus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A versatile vector for the production of pseudotyped viruses expressing gp120 antigens from different clades of primary HIV-1 isolates.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv-1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1) (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
B: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (kb-1 isolate)
C: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus))
D: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A versatile vector for the production of pseudotyped viruses expressing gp120 antigens from different clades of primary HIV-1 isolates.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv-1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus) (aka human immunodeficiency virus)
B: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (kb-1 isolate)
C: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A novel HIV-1 Env expression vector (SF162-Z) was developed by introducing two new cloning sites on the backbone of an existing vector that produces a full length Env from HIV-1 SF162 isolate.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv-1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (kb-1 isolate)
B: human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1 (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
C: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus)
D: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A novel HIV-1 Env expression vector (SF162-Z) was developed by introducing two new cloning sites on the backbone of an existing vector that produces a full length Env from HIV-1 SF162 isolate.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv-1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus) (aka human immunodeficiency virus)
B: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (kb-1 isolate)
C: human immunodeficiency virus type-1 hiv-1 (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
D: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Env with matching gp120 antigens from HIV-1 isolates of different genetic clades.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv-1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (kb-1 isolate)
B: human immunodeficiency virus type-1 hiv-1 (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
C: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus) (aka human immunodeficiency virus)
D: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This system is useful for testing the neutralizing sensitivity of partial env gene products frequently identified in viral quasi species in patients infected with HIV or when only partial gp120 gene products are available.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus)
B: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus 2)
C: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3) (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3)
D: human immunodeficiency virus 1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
E: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thresher sharks also showed directed movement (at scales of 400-1900 m), and adult threshers were able to orient at greater scales than juveniles, which may suggest that learning improves the ability to perform directed walks.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'threshers'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: harvesters (aka miletinae)
B: alopias vulpinus (thintail thresher) (aka alopias vulpinus)
C: foxtail (aka alopecurus pratensis)
D: setagrotis vocalis (agrotis vocalis) (aka setagrotis vocalis)
E: foxtail millet (aka setaria italica)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Blacktip reef sharks had small home ranges, high site fidelity and showed no evidence of oriented movements at large scales.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'blacktip reef sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: black catfish (aka neosilurus ater)
B: blacktip reef shark (aka carcharhinus melanopterus)
C: grey reef shark (aka carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)
D: oceanic whitetip shark (aka carcharhinus longimanus)
E: black-eared squirrel (aka nannosciurus melanotis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Methanoregula boonei gen. nov., sp. nov., an acidiphilic methanogen isolated from an acidic peat bog.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanoregula boonei gen. nov., sp. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanoregula sp.
B: methanoregula boonei 6a8 (candidatus methanoregula boonei 6a8) (aka methanoregula boonei 6a8)
C: methaniculleus olentangyi (aka methanoculleus bourgensis)
D: methanogenium boonei
E: candidatus methanoregula boonei (aka methanoregula boonei)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A novel acidiphilic, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, designated strain 6A8(T), was isolated from an acidic (pH 4.0-4.5) and ombrotrophic (rain-fed) bog located near Ithaca, NY, USA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to '6a8'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: uncultured bacterium (human infant) n158a
B: arma
C: actinobacterium fa6a
D: h6n8 subtype
E: trama
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To our knowledge, strain 6A8(T) is one of the most acidiphilic (lowest pH optimum) and salt-sensitive methanogens in pure culture.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to '6a8'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: h8n6 subtype
B: uncultured bacterium (human infant) n158a
C: uncultured bacterium (human infant) s6a
D: bacterium 6a-5
E: trama
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is proposed that a new genus and species be established for this organism, Methanoregula boonei gen. nov., sp. nov.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanoregula boonei gen. nov., sp. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candidatus methanoregula boonei (aka methanoregula boonei)
B: candidatus methanoregula boonei 6a8 (aka methanoregula boonei 6a8)
C: methanogenium boonei
D: methanoculleus oldenburgensis blotevogel et al. 1998 (aka methanoculleus bourgensis)
E: methanoregula sp.
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is proposed that a new genus and species be established for this organism, Methanoregula boonei gen. nov., sp. nov.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanoregula boonei gen. nov., sp. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanogenium boonei
B: methanoculleus oldenburgensis (aka methanoculleus bourgensis)
C: methanoregula sp.
D: methanogenic archaeon 6a8 (aka methanoregula boonei 6a8)
E: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The type strain of Methanoregula boonei is 6A8(T)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'methanoregula boonei'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: methanoregula boonei (candidatus methanoregula boonei) (aka methanoregula boonei)
B: methanococcus voltaei (aka methanococcus voltae)
C: methanobacterium oryzae
D: bacillus methanicus (aka methylomonas methanica)
E: methanoculleus oceani
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The type strain of Methanoregula boonei is 6A8(T)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to '6a8'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: alpha proteobacterium 20/6a8
B: clostridium difficile p6 (aka clostridioides difficile p6)
C: arma
D: human associated cyclovirus 6
E: xiha
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of the structural proteins of VP1 and VP2 of a novel mud crab dicistrovirus.
Mud crab dicistrovirus (MCDV), a newly identified single-stranded positive RNA virus, is an important pathogen that causes serious economic losses to mud crab aquaculture.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mud crab dicistrovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mud crab dicistrovirus (aka mud crab virus)
B: mite dicistrovirus
C: rice dwarf-associated dicistro-like virus
D: mudhopper letovirus
E: dicentrarchus labrax virus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of the structural proteins of VP1 and VP2 of a novel mud crab dicistrovirus.
Mud crab dicistrovirus (MCDV), a newly identified single-stranded positive RNA virus, is an important pathogen that causes serious economic losses to mud crab aquaculture.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mud crab dicistrovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rice dwarf-associated dicistro-like virus
B: mud crab virus (mud crab dicistrovirus) (aka mud crab virus)
C: mudhopper letovirus
D: coroa do aviao dicistrovirus
E: dicentrarchus labrax betanodavirus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of the structural proteins of VP1 and VP2 of a novel mud crab dicistrovirus.
Mud crab dicistrovirus (MCDV), a newly identified single-stranded positive RNA virus, is an important pathogen that causes serious economic losses to mud crab aquaculture.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mcdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: maciel virus
B: marek's disease virus (mdv) (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
C: cyvmv (aka croton yellow vein mosaic virus)
D: mercadeo virus (mecdv) (aka mercadeo virus)
E: murine circovirus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of the structural proteins of VP1 and VP2 of a novel mud crab dicistrovirus.
Mud crab dicistrovirus (MCDV), a newly identified single-stranded positive RNA virus, is an important pathogen that causes serious economic losses to mud crab aquaculture.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mud crab'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gulf stone crab (aka menippe adina)
B: atlantic horseshoe crab (aka limulus polyphemus)
C: giant mud crab (aka scylla serrata)
D: lobate mud crab (aka eurypanopeus abbreviatus)
E: shore swimming crab (aka charybdis japonica)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, MCDV was purified, and three structural proteins of MCDV were separated by SDS-PAGE.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mcdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mdsghv (aka muscavirus musdomesticae)
B: modoc virus (modv (aka modoc virus))
C: mouyassue virus
D: murine coronavirus
E: maciel virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, MCDV was purified, and three structural proteins of MCDV were separated by SDS-PAGE.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mcdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouyassue virus
B: murine coronavirus
C: carmv (aka carnation mottle virus)
D: marek's disease virus (mdv) (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
E: scpmv (aka southern cowpea mosaic virus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results of immunogold transmission electron microscopy (IEM) revealed that the epitopes of the two structural proteins recognised by the MAbs were located at the outer surface of the virions, which suggested that the two structural proteins are MCDV capsid proteins.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mcdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: carmv (aka carnation mottle virus)
B: murine circovirus
C: cyvmv (aka croton yellow vein mosaic virus)
D: mouyassue virus
E: modv (aka modoc virus) (aka modoc virus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The identification of the two structural proteins of MCDV is useful for studying their functions, as well as the mechanism of infection and the pathogenesis of MCDV.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mcdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: marek's disease virus (mdv) (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
B: marigold mosaic virus
C: cyvmv (aka croton yellow vein mosaic virus)
D: scpmv (aka southern cowpea mosaic virus)
E: mawson virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The identification of the two structural proteins of MCDV is useful for studying their functions, as well as the mechanism of infection and the pathogenesis of MCDV.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mcdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: minute virus of canines (aka canine minute virus)
B: marek's disease virus (mdv) (aka gallid alphaherpesvirus 2)
C: murine circovirus
D: cyvmv (aka croton yellow vein mosaic virus)
E: marigold mosaic virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The identification of the two structural proteins of MCDV is useful for studying their functions, as well as the mechanism of infection and the pathogenesis of MCDV.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mcdv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouyassue virus
B: murine circovirus
C: mdsghv (aka muscavirus musdomesticae)
D: cyvmv (aka croton yellow vein mosaic virus)
E: mawson virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Studies of polarized growth in S. cerevisiae have identified the protein components of the polarized growth machinery, that are conserved in other fungi.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
C: saccharomyces arboricola (saccharomyces arboricola f.y. bai & s.a. wang, 2008) (aka saccharomyces arboricola)
D: megasphaera cerevisiae
E: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, over the past several years Agrobacteriumtumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) has become the preferred genetic transformation method for an increasing number of fungi.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'agrobacteriumtumefaciens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrobacterium rhizogenes (riker et al. 1930) conn 1942 (approved lists 1980) (aka rhizobium rhizogenes)
B: agrobacterium tumefaciens (agrobacterium tumefaciens (smith and townsend 1907) conn 1942 (approved lists 1980)) (aka agrobacterium tumefaciens)
C: agrobacterium pusense (rhizobium pusense) (aka agrobacterium pusense)
D: agrobacterium divergens
E: agrobacterium radiobacter (agrobacterium radiobacter (beijerinck and van delden 1902) conn 1942 (approved lists 1980)) (aka agrobacterium radiobacter)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using OSCAR we generated eight targeted deletion constructs and used two of them to generate deletion mutants in Verticillium dahliae by ATMT.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'verticillium dahliae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: verticillium dahliae
B: verticillium griseum (aka chlorocillium griseum)
C: verticillium coccosporum (aka [verticillium] coccosporum)
D: verticillium dahliae vdls.17
E: verticillium dahliae vdg1
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overexpression of the trichodiene synthase gene tri5 increases trichodermin production and antimicrobial activity in Trichoderma brevicompactum.
Trichoderma brevicompactum produces trichodermin, a simple trichothecene-type toxin that shares the first steps of the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway with other phytotoxic trichothecenes from Fusarium spp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trichoderma brevicompactum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma barbatum
B: trichoderma compactum
C: trichoderma floccosum
D: trichoderma liberatum
E: trichoderma brevicompactum
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overexpression of the trichodiene synthase gene tri5 increases trichodermin production and antimicrobial activity in Trichoderma brevicompactum.
Trichoderma brevicompactum produces trichodermin, a simple trichothecene-type toxin that shares the first steps of the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway with other phytotoxic trichothecenes from Fusarium spp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trichoderma brevicompactum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma breve
B: trichoderma liberatum
C: trichoderma brevicompactum
D: trichoderma ingratum
E: trichoderma kunigamense
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Overexpression of the trichodiene synthase gene tri5 increases trichodermin production and antimicrobial activity in Trichoderma brevicompactum.
Trichoderma brevicompactum produces trichodermin, a simple trichothecene-type toxin that shares the first steps of the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway with other phytotoxic trichothecenes from Fusarium spp.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fusarium spp'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium sp. icmp 1967
B: fusarium sp. f8
C: fusarium sp. 1962
D: fusarium sp. icmp 1965
E: fusarium sp. (bisifusarium sp.) (aka fusarium sp.)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Trichodiene synthase catalyses the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to trichodiene and it is encoded by the tri5 gene that was cloned and analysed functionally by homologous overexpression in T. brevicompactum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. brevicompactum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: penicillium brevicompactum (penicillium brevicompactum dierckx, 1901) (aka penicillium brevicompactum)
B: tetracladium breve
C: staphylotrichum brevistipitatum
D: trichoderma brevicompactum
E: fusarium brevicaudatum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agar diffusion assays with these two purified metabolites from the tri5-overexpressing transformant T. brevicompactum Tb41tri5 showed that only trichodermin had antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus fumigatus, in most cases such activity being higher than that observed for amphotericin B and hygromycin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. brevicompactum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium brevicatenulatum
B: trichoderma brevicrassum
C: trichoderma brevicompactum
D: trichoderma breve
E: fusarium brevicaudatum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agar diffusion assays with these two purified metabolites from the tri5-overexpressing transformant T. brevicompactum Tb41tri5 showed that only trichodermin had antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus fumigatus, in most cases such activity being higher than that observed for amphotericin B and hygromycin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
B: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
D: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
E: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agar diffusion assays with these two purified metabolites from the tri5-overexpressing transformant T. brevicompactum Tb41tri5 showed that only trichodermin had antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus fumigatus, in most cases such activity being higher than that observed for amphotericin B and hygromycin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
C: saccharomyces pasteurianus (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
D: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
E: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agar diffusion assays with these two purified metabolites from the tri5-overexpressing transformant T. brevicompactum Tb41tri5 showed that only trichodermin had antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus fumigatus, in most cases such activity being higher than that observed for amphotericin B and hygromycin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'kluyveromyces marxianus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kluyveromyces marxianus var. drosophilarum (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: candida kefyr (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
C: kluyveromyces osmophilus (aka zygosaccharomyces osmophilus)
D: kluyveromyces yarrowii (aka vanderwaltozyma yarrowii)
E: kluyveromyces
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agar diffusion assays with these two purified metabolites from the tri5-overexpressing transformant T. brevicompactum Tb41tri5 showed that only trichodermin had antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus fumigatus, in most cases such activity being higher than that observed for amphotericin B and hygromycin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: farigia albicans
B: mycotorula albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: styphelia albicans (aka cyathopsis albicans)
D: xylesthia albicans
E: athletes albicans
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agar diffusion assays with these two purified metabolites from the tri5-overexpressing transformant T. brevicompactum Tb41tri5 showed that only trichodermin had antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus fumigatus, in most cases such activity being higher than that observed for amphotericin B and hygromycin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida glabrata'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: buchnera glabrata
B: torulopsis glabrata (aka nakaseomyces glabratus)
C: deutzia glabrata
D: terminalia glabrata
E: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agar diffusion assays with these two purified metabolites from the tri5-overexpressing transformant T. brevicompactum Tb41tri5 showed that only trichodermin had antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus fumigatus, in most cases such activity being higher than that observed for amphotericin B and hygromycin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida tropicalis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: zanclospora tropicalis (chaetosphaeria tropicalis) (aka zanclospora tropicalis)
B: candida albicans var. tropicalis (aka candida tropicalis)
C: calonectria tropicalis
D: truncospora tropicalis
E: chitinophaga tropicalis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Agar diffusion assays with these two purified metabolites from the tri5-overexpressing transformant T. brevicompactum Tb41tri5 showed that only trichodermin had antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus fumigatus, in most cases such activity being higher than that observed for amphotericin B and hygromycin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus fumigatus fresen., 1863 (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
B: aspergillus aerius
C: aspergillus rubrum (aka aspergillus ruber)
D: aspergillus terrestris (aka aspergillus terreus)
E: aspergillus cerealis
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results point to the significant role of tri5 in the production of trichodermin and in the antifungal activity of T. brevicompactum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. brevicompactum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tetracladium breve
B: thermobacterium cereale (aka lactobacillus delbrueckii)
C: trichoderma brevicompactum
D: trichoderma brevicompactum 0248
E: bovistella radicata
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We measured the growth rate on solid medium and found differences between species, with Microsporum gypseum CBS118893 having the fastest growth and Trichophyton rubrum CBS118892 the slowest.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'microsporum gypseum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: geniostemon gypsophilum
B: pteropyrum gypsaceum
C: arenaria gypsophiloides (aka eremogone gypsophiloides)
D: muhlenbergia gypsophila
E: sabouraudites gypseus (aka nannizzia gypsea)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We measured the growth rate on solid medium and found differences between species, with Microsporum gypseum CBS118893 having the fastest growth and Trichophyton rubrum CBS118892 the slowest.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trichophyton rubrum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichophyton kanei (aka trichophyton rubrum)
B: perrierophytum rubrum
C: trichophyton persicum
D: trichophyton rubrum var. flavum
E: trichophyton japonicum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Finally, we tested virulence in the Galleria mellonella (wax moth) larvae model but found the results variable.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'galleria mellonella'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gemmiger gallinarum
B: meleagris gallopavo (common turkey) (aka meleagris gallopavo)
C: lacerta galloti galloti (aka gallotia galloti galloti)
D: gallinago nigripennis
E: phalaena mellonella (aka galleria mellonella)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Finally, we tested virulence in the Galleria mellonella (wax moth) larvae model but found the results variable.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wax moth'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: western honey bee (aka apis mellifera)
B: bombyx mori (domestic silkworm) (aka bombyx mori)
C: bombus fragrans (apis fragrans) (aka bombus fragrans)
D: greater wax moth (aka galleria mellonella)
E: corn earworm (aka helicoverpa zea)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Finally, we tested virulence in the Galleria mellonella (wax moth) larvae model but found the results variable.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'wax moth'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: apis fragrans (aka bombus fragrans)
B: bombus aurulentus (aka xylocopa aurulenta)
C: bombus lepidus
D: bombella mellum
E: corn earworm (aka helicoverpa zea)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Baculovirus cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyases show a close relationship with lepidopteran host homologues.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'baculovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombyx densovirus (aka bombyx mori densovirus)
B: spodoptera frugiperda betabaculovirus (aka spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus)
C: bombyx mori npv (aka bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus)
D: buchavirus
E: unidentified baculovirus (baculovirus sp.) (aka unidentified baculovirus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To get insight in the origin of baculovirus CPD photolyase (phr) genes, homologues in the lepidopteran insects Chrysodeixis chalcites, Spodoptera exigua and Trichoplusia ni were identified and characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'baculovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: baculovirus penaei
B: baculovirus (aka unidentified baculovirus)
C: bandavirus (banyangvirus) (aka bandavirus)
D: bruthen virus
E: spodoptera frugiperda betabaculovirus (aka spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To get insight in the origin of baculovirus CPD photolyase (phr) genes, homologues in the lepidopteran insects Chrysodeixis chalcites, Spodoptera exigua and Trichoplusia ni were identified and characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chrysodeixis chalcites'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chalcites lucidus (aka chrysococcyx lucidus)
B: atacira chalybsoides
C: euryphura chalcis (harma chalcis) (aka euryphura chalcis)
D: chrysodeixis
E: phalaena chalcites (aka chrysodeixis chalcites)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To get insight in the origin of baculovirus CPD photolyase (phr) genes, homologues in the lepidopteran insects Chrysodeixis chalcites, Spodoptera exigua and Trichoplusia ni were identified and characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'spodoptera exigua'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: madia exigua (sclerocarpus exiguus) (aka madia exigua)
B: spodoptera litura
C: oryzopsis exigua (aka piptatheropsis exigua)
D: beet armyworm (aka spodoptera exigua)
E: pamera exigua (aka paromius exiguus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To get insight in the origin of baculovirus CPD photolyase (phr) genes, homologues in the lepidopteran insects Chrysodeixis chalcites, Spodoptera exigua and Trichoplusia ni were identified and characterized.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'trichoplusia ni'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: polytrichum trichodon (aka notoligotrichum trichodon)
B: trichocera nordica
C: cabbage looper (aka trichoplusia ni)
D: toxothrix trichogenes
E: trichoplax
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lepidopteran and baculovirus phr genes each form a monophyletic group, and together form a well-supported clade within the insect photolyases.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'baculovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bandavirus (banyangvirus) (aka bandavirus)
B: bombyx mori npv (aka bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus)
C: bombyx densovirus (aka bombyx mori densovirus)
D: spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus (spodoptera frugiperda betabaculovirus) (aka spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus)
E: baculovirus (aka unidentified baculovirus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This suggests that baculoviruses obtained their phr genes from an ancestral lepidopteran insect host.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'baculoviruses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacterial virus (aka caudoviricetes)
B: bacterial viruses (aka inoviridae)
C: baculoviridae
D: parabovirus
E: baculovirus sp. (aka unidentified baculovirus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A likely evolutionary scenario is that a granulovirus, Spodoptera litura GV or a direct ancestor, obtained a phr gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'spodoptera litura gv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spodoptera litura multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (aka spodoptera litura mnpv)
B: spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus
C: spodoptera sunia (aka spodoptera albula)
D: spodoptera litura granulovirus
E: spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leafworm) (aka spodoptera littoralis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The importance of marine vs. human-induced subsidies in the maintenance of an expanding mesocarnivore in the arctic tundra.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: neandertal (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
C: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
D: gymnopleurus humanus
E: carcharhinus humani
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, in the case of the northward expansion of the red fox into the arctic tundra, a bottom-up effect of increased resource availability has been proposed, an effect that can counteract prey shortage in the low phase of the multi-annual rodent cycle.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'red fox'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hoary fox (aka lycalopex vetulus)
B: gray flying fox (aka pteropus griseus)
C: sea fox (aka alopias vulpinus)
D: red fox (aka vulpes vulpes)
E: indian flying fox (aka pteropus medius)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, in the case of the northward expansion of the red fox into the arctic tundra, a bottom-up effect of increased resource availability has been proposed, an effect that can counteract prey shortage in the low phase of the multi-annual rodent cycle.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'red fox'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: arctic fox (aka vulpes lagopus)
B: tibetan sand fox (aka vulpes ferrilata)
C: hoary fox (aka lycalopex vetulus)
D: corsac fox (aka vulpes corsac)
E: large flying fox (aka pteropus vampyrus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'During different phases of a multi-annual rodent cycle, we investigated the seasonal dynamics and spatial pattern of resource use by red foxes across a coast to inland low arctic tundra gradient, Varanger Peninsula, Norway.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'red foxes'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: red wolf (aka canis rufus)
B: hoary fox (aka lycalopex vetulus)
C: silver fox (aka vulpes vulpes)
D: indian flying fox (aka pteropus medius)
E: little red flying fox (aka pteropus scapulatus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '3. We found that inland red foxes primarily subsisted on reindeer carrions during the low phase of a small rodent population cycle.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'red foxes'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hoary fox (aka lycalopex vetulus)
B: bengal fox (aka vulpes bengalensis)
C: indian flying fox (aka pteropus medius)
D: arctic fox (aka vulpes lagopus)
E: silver fox (aka vulpes vulpes)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '3. We found that inland red foxes primarily subsisted on reindeer carrions during the low phase of a small rodent population cycle.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'reindeer'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oreophryne equus
B: pediculus ardeae (aka ardeicola ardeae)
C: reindeer (aka rangifer tarandus)
D: reinekea (reinekia) (aka reinekea)
E: reindeer parapoxvirus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lemmings became the most important food item towards the peak phase of the rodent cycle, despite being less abundant than sympatric voles.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'voles'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: common vole (aka microtus arvalis)
B: eurasian water vole (aka arvicola amphibius)
C: gray-tailed vole (aka microtus canicaudus)
D: montane vole (aka microtus montanus)
E: meadow vole (aka microtus pennsylvanicus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Isotopic signatures of tissue from both predator and prey also revealed that red foxes near the coast used marine-derived subsidies in the winter, but these allochthonous resources did not spillover to adult foxes living beyond 20-25 km from the coast.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'red foxes'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bengal fox (aka vulpes bengalensis)
B: little red flying fox (aka pteropus scapulatus)
C: large flying fox (aka pteropus vampyrus)
D: indian flying fox (aka pteropus medius)
E: red fox (aka vulpes vulpes)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although more needs to be learned about the link between increasing primary productivity due to climatic warming and trophic dynamics in tundra ecosystems, we suggest that changes in reindeer management through a bottom-up effect, at least regionally, may have paved the way towards the establishment of a new mesopredator in the tundra biome.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'reindeer'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: reindeer (aka rangifer tarandus)
B: ardea tricolor (aka egretta tricolor)
C: reindeer parapoxvirus
D: svalbard reindeer (aka rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)
E: erodius
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Galleria mellonella as model host for the trans-kingdom pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.
Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of vascular wilt disease, affects a wide range of plant species and can produce disseminated infections in humans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'galleria mellonella'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pasteurella gallinarum (aka avibacterium gallinarum)
B: phalaena mellonella (aka galleria mellonella)
C: melogona gallica (chordeuma gallicum) (aka melogona gallica)
D: nigella gallica
E: common turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Galleria mellonella as model host for the trans-kingdom pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.
Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of vascular wilt disease, affects a wide range of plant species and can produce disseminated infections in humans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fusarium oxysporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium oryzicola
B: fusarium oxysporum (fusarium oxysporum schltdl., 1824) (aka fusarium oxysporum)
C: fusarium thapsina (aka fusarium thapsinum)
D: cladosporium oxysporum
E: fusarium graminum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Galleria mellonella as model host for the trans-kingdom pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.
Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of vascular wilt disease, affects a wide range of plant species and can produce disseminated infections in humans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fusarium oxysporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: septogloeum oxysporum
B: gibberella zeae (aka fusarium graminearum)
C: fusarium oryzicola
D: fusisporium solani (aka fusarium solani)
E: fusarium oxysporum (fusarium oxysporum schltdl., 1824) (aka fusarium oxysporum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Galleria mellonella as model host for the trans-kingdom pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.
Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of vascular wilt disease, affects a wide range of plant species and can produce disseminated infections in humans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'humans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: macrobiotus sapiens
D: homopus
E: humans (aka homo)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Galleria mellonella as model host for the trans-kingdom pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.
Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of vascular wilt disease, affects a wide range of plant species and can produce disseminated infections in humans.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'humans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: glossus humanus (cardium humanum) (aka glossus humanus)
B: humans (aka homo)
C: homopus
D: gymnopleurus humanus
E: pediculus humanus humanus (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolate FGSC 9935 causes disease both on tomato plants and immunodepressed mice, making it an ideal model for the comparative analysis of fungal virulence on plant and animal hosts.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolate fgsc 9935'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ca92/95
B: fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
C: fusarium aff. oxysporum
D: fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici df0-40
E: fusarium oxysporum (fusarium oxysporum schltdl., 1824) (aka fusarium oxysporum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolate FGSC 9935 causes disease both on tomato plants and immunodepressed mice, making it an ideal model for the comparative analysis of fungal virulence on plant and animal hosts.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato plants'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
B: solanum ferox l., 1762 (aka solanum lasiocarpum)
C: solanum salicifolium
D: solanum trifidum
E: solanum vicinum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolate FGSC 9935 causes disease both on tomato plants and immunodepressed mice, making it an ideal model for the comparative analysis of fungal virulence on plant and animal hosts.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus castaneus (southeastern asian house mouse) (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: mus californicus (aka peromyscus californicus)
C: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: western wild mouse (aka mus spretus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we tested the ability of FGSC 9935 to cause disease in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, an invertebrate model host that is widely used for the study of microbial human pathogens.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'fgsc 9935'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus f43199
B: staphylococcus aureus f23368
C: fibigia
D: neurospora crassa fgsc 8820
E: staphylococcus aureus f29993
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we tested the ability of FGSC 9935 to cause disease in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, an invertebrate model host that is widely used for the study of microbial human pathogens.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'greater wax moth'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus magnus
B: little honeybee (aka apis florea)
C: wax-myrtle (aka morella cerifera)
D: greater wax moth (aka galleria mellonella)
E: diamondback moth (aka plutella xylostella)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we tested the ability of FGSC 9935 to cause disease in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, an invertebrate model host that is widely used for the study of microbial human pathogens.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'galleria mellonella'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallionella
B: lacerta galloti galloti (aka gallotia galloti galloti)
C: coleophora gallipennella (tinea gallipennella) (aka coleophora gallipennella)
D: galleria
E: galleria mellonella (phalaena mellonella) (aka galleria mellonella)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here we tested the ability of FGSC 9935 to cause disease in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, an invertebrate model host that is widely used for the study of microbial human pathogens.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: carcharhinus humani
B: pediculus humanus humanus (aka pediculus humanus corporis)
C: glossus humanus (cardium humanum) (aka glossus humanus)
D: homo (humans) (aka homo)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Injection of living but not of heat-killed microconidia into the hemocoel of G. mellonella larvae resulted in dose-dependent killing both at 30^0C and at 37^0C. Fluorescence microscopy of larvae inoculated with a F. oxysporum transformant expressing GFP revealed hyphal proliferation within the hemocoel, interaction with G. mellonella hemocytes, and colonization of the killed insects by the fungus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. mellonella'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phalaena mellonella (aka galleria mellonella)
B: remanella granulosa
C: cotton bollworm (aka helicoverpa armigera)
D: gryllulus emma (aka teleogryllus emma)
E: ansanella granifera
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Injection of living but not of heat-killed microconidia into the hemocoel of G. mellonella larvae resulted in dose-dependent killing both at 30^0C and at 37^0C. Fluorescence microscopy of larvae inoculated with a F. oxysporum transformant expressing GFP revealed hyphal proliferation within the hemocoel, interaction with G. mellonella hemocytes, and colonization of the killed insects by the fungus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. oxysporum transformant'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium oxysporum go-2016
B: sclerotinia trifoliorum
C: fusarium oxysporum schltdl., 1824 (aka fusarium oxysporum)
D: fusarium lycopersici (aka fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici)
E: fusarium thapsinum (gibberella thapsina) (aka fusarium thapsinum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Injection of living but not of heat-killed microconidia into the hemocoel of G. mellonella larvae resulted in dose-dependent killing both at 30^0C and at 37^0C. Fluorescence microscopy of larvae inoculated with a F. oxysporum transformant expressing GFP revealed hyphal proliferation within the hemocoel, interaction with G. mellonella hemocytes, and colonization of the killed insects by the fungus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. mellonella'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: malikia granulosa (aka malikia granosa)
B: phalaena mellonella (aka galleria mellonella)
C: ansanella granifera
D: gemmiger gallinarum
E: remanella granulosa
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Injection of living but not of heat-killed microconidia into the hemocoel of G. mellonella larvae resulted in dose-dependent killing both at 30^0C and at 37^0C. Fluorescence microscopy of larvae inoculated with a F. oxysporum transformant expressing GFP revealed hyphal proliferation within the hemocoel, interaction with G. mellonella hemocytes, and colonization of the killed insects by the fungus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'g. mellonella'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gemmiger gallinarum
B: gerronema melleum (aka rickenella mellea)
C: glossiphonia elegans
D: malikia granosa (malikia granulosa) (aka malikia granosa)
E: granulicella
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fungal gene knockout mutants previously tested in the tomato and immunodepressed mouse systems displayed a good correlation in virulence between the Galleria and the mouse model.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum hirtum
B: lycopersicon esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
C: solanum mammosum
D: solanum sitiens
E: solanum cornifolium
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fungal gene knockout mutants previously tested in the tomato and immunodepressed mouse systems displayed a good correlation in virulence between the Galleria and the mouse model.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
B: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: japanese wild mouse (aka mus musculus molossinus)
E: mus musculus castaneus (southeastern asian house mouse) (aka mus musculus castaneus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fungal gene knockout mutants previously tested in the tomato and immunodepressed mouse systems displayed a good correlation in virulence between the Galleria and the mouse model.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
C: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
D: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
E: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, Galleria represents a useful non-vertebrate infection model for studying virulence mechanisms of F. oxysporum on animal hosts.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'f. oxysporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: fusarium oxysporum schltdl., 1824 (aka fusarium oxysporum)
B: septogloeum oxysporum
C: fusarium rhizicola
D: fusarium thapsinum (gibberella thapsina) (aka fusarium thapsinum)
E: fusarium bulbigenum (aka fusarium oxysporum f. sp. bulbigenum)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'DNA modifications and genome rearrangements during the development and sex differentiation of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris.
Bombus terrestris is a bumble bee that, like most hymenopteran species, exhibits ploidy-specific sex determination controlled by a single sex gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombus terrestris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tribulus terrestris
B: bombus magnus
C: bombus californicus
D: bombus jacobsoni (aka bombus lucorum)
E: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'DNA modifications and genome rearrangements during the development and sex differentiation of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris.
Bombus terrestris is a bumble bee that, like most hymenopteran species, exhibits ploidy-specific sex determination controlled by a single sex gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombus terrestris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus borealis
B: bombus jacobsoni (aka bombus lucorum)
C: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
D: bombus xanthopus (bombus terrestris xanthopus) (aka bombus xanthopus)
E: tribulus terrestris
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the second kind, DNA losses also occur, at least involving the mosaic transposable element B. terrestris mosaic repeat 1 (BTMR1).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. terrestris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: blastobotrys terrestris (trichosporon terrestre) (aka blastobotrys terrestris)
B: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
C: bombus terricola
D: burkholderia terrestris (aka caballeronia terrestris)
E: thelebolus terrestris (aka byssonectria terrestris)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Evaluation of an immunoglobulin M-specific capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid diagnosis of dengue infection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue virus
B: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
C: dengue virus 4 (aka dengue virus type 4)
D: dengue 3 virus (aka dengue virus type 3)
E: dengue-2 virus (aka dengue virus type 2)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Various assays have been developed to diagnose dengue virus infection, relying on techniques from the fields of serology and molecular biology.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue virus
B: dengue virus 3 (aka dengue virus type 3)
C: type 1 dengue virus den-1 (aka dengue virus type 1)
D: denalis virus
E: denwin virus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Many of these assays have been successful, but there is still an urgent need for accurate, simple and rapid diagnostic assays to diagnose dengue virus infection and to assist in patient management.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dengue virus
B: dengue virus type i (aka dengue virus type 1)
C: denwin virus
D: dengue virus serotype 2 (aka dengue virus type 2)
E: dengue virus type 4 (dengue type 4 virus den4) (aka dengue virus type 4)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Many of these assays have been successful, but there is still an urgent need for accurate, simple and rapid diagnostic assays to diagnose dengue virus infection and to assist in patient management.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dengue virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila a virus
B: dengue virus serotype 2 (aka dengue virus type 2)
C: dengue virus type 1 (type 1 dengue virus den-1) (aka dengue virus type 1)
D: denwin virus
E: denalis virus
F: None of the above. | F |
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