Dev372/Medical_STT_Dataset_1.1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

audio audioduration (s) 2.45 62.4	transcripts stringlengths 18 818
	There were also hypermetabolic right cervical , left subpectoral , and right axillary lymph nodes concerning for additional sites of disease.
	The etiology is unknown it is theorized that in utero exposure to maternal estrogen may play a role.
	Primary angiosarcoma of the breast.
	Immediate post-operative imaging can serve as a valuable baseline for comparison.
	A 4 4 cm mildly tender nodule with minimal erythema and warmth was palpated in the medial aspect of the right elbow.
	The Pearl Index measures the number of pregnancies per 100 women per year using the contraceptive method.
	There is mild distal insertional tendinosis with minimal articular sided fraying of the distal aspect of the supraspinatus tendon.
	Affected individuals may also present with a limited range of motion of their upper extremity as a manifestation of the continued growth of the pseudotumor.
	Histologically, they are composed of Schwann cells with regions of high and low cellularity termed Antoni A and Antoni B areas.
	MRI evaluation is considered the most sensitive and specific imaging technique for diagnosing stress fracture.
	In a review of 20 reported cases, Scalvenzi et al found that the diagnosis has a variable outcome and is more common in males.
	Epidural lipomatosis can be managed with steroid taper and discontinuation or with laminectomy and epidural fat resection.
	RCC occurs more often in males and tends to present later in life, often occurring after the 6th decade .
	Excision of PASH generally can be considered in growing lesions as well as in BI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions, and when core needle biopsy pathology results are discordant with imaging findings.
	A 4-cm vaginal cuff defect was identified during exploratory laparoscopy , and transvaginal cuff closure was performed.
	Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography of the abdomen performed before and after administration of gadoxetate disodium showed the liver to have a lobulated contour with several discrete nodules and diffuse abnormal reticular increased T2/decreased T1 signal typical of hepatic fibrosis .
	While disseminated leiomyomatosis is a rare entity, it should be considered in a patient with a peritoneal mass or masses, especially if the patient has a coexisting fibroid uterus or has had a hysterectomy for a uterine leiomyoma.
	Two days prior, they arrived in the United States from another country, where they report ingesting 100 bags of cocaine.
	Endometriosis typically presents as the embedding of endometrial tissue and glands in nonuterine locations such as the adnexa, cul de sac, GI organs, and extremities.
	Normally, the subtalar joint disrupts this arc. However, with coalition, the C-shaped arc is continuous.
	The cysts are mostly single with an average size of 3-5 cm. The cyst wall may be thin or thick.
	In humans, rabies presents in two clinical forms classic rabies encephalitis and paralytic rabies.
	There is an additional contusion along the inferior pole of the patella.
	Patients should also receive a loading dose of Keppra, followed by twice-daily maintenance therapy to prevent seizures, which are associated with 30-60% of cases of cerebral abscess.
	As the first major branch of the descending abdominal aorta, the celiac artery usually originates just below the crus of the diaphragm. The vessel supplies blood to the liver, stomach, abdominal esophagus, spleen, and the superior portions of the duodenum and the pancreas.
	In those with severe CDH, additional therapies such as ECMO may be utilized to help provide oxygen to the end-organs.
	However, intraosseous gas seen within a vertebral body is more commonly related to non-infectious causes, such as degenerative or post-procedural changes, neoplasia, or osteonecrosis.
	Ultrasound revealed an encapsulated iso- to hyperechoic, large lesion within the left breast parenchyma with a few, focally ectatic ducts showing internal moving echoes/ inspissated secretions.
	Nuclear medicine PET scan demonstrates intense metabolic activity in involved areas.
	Most patients diagnosed with PSC tend to be asymptomatic if the lesion is less than 4 cm.
	First-line treatment for talocalcaneal coalition includes rest and periods of immobilization, which generally relieve the symptoms.
	Among the 22 published cases of secondary appendicular torsion, torsion was suggested as a possible preoperative diagnosis in just three .
	In the past, lung biopsy has been the diagnostic gold standard despite the potential complications.
	These diagnostic characteristics can easily be demonstrated on US without requiring further imaging workup.
	Biopsy was performed.
	No aneurysms were identified at either initial or follow-up angiography. The patient developed multifocal arterial stenoses during her hospital admission related to subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm which resolved prior to discharge.
	The imaging triad AVID has been proposed to aid with distinction from aqueductal stenosis and porencephaly.
	The findings in this imaging test determine the treatment and prognosis.
	As described above, liposarcomas are classified into intermediate graded tumors and malignant graded tumors .
	The appearance of MB on T1 can range from hypo to isointense, with masses on T2 ranging from hypo- to hyperintense.
	Plain abdominal radiographs often show a large volume of pneumoperitoneum but pneumatosis intestinalis is not present.
	Preoperative MRI demonstrated a large, contrast-enhancing, T2/FLAIR hyperintense, dural-based mass in the right parasellar region.
	Organisms include alpha and beta hemolytic Streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus, as well as less commonly Proteus, Pseudomonas, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides.
	While this hypothesis has since been disproven, Waldenstrom correctly noted the chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and hypergammaglobulinemia consistent with today's definition of AIH.
	These bone segments and the surrounding soft tissue enhanced markedly following intravenous contrast administration.
	On ultrasound, the liver is enlarged and hyperechoic compared to the right kidney.
	Collateral circulation to the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere may be provided by flow through the circle of Willis, persistent fetal vessels, or collaterals from the external carotid artery.
	The clinical presentation of first arch anomalies depends on their type and location.
	A frontal view chest x-ray showed a cavitary lesion with surrounding airspace consolidation in the right lower lobe.
	Patients are generally younger compared to those with other parotid malignancies.
	Though surgical coalition resection was previously considered controversial, recent studies have demonstrated otherwise.
	Patients with an absolute neutrophil count 500/microliter are more likely to have a diagnosis of acute invasive fungal sinusitis.
	Mutations in TSC1 and/or TSC2 lead to a unregulated activation of the mTOR pathway and tumor formation.
	This is based on the most common location of urethral diverticula , which corresponds to the position of the periurethral ducts.
	On physical examination, patients typically present with chronic wrist pain and tenderness at the hypothenar eminence.
	Initial plain radiographs of the left wrist were performed at an outside facility .
	There were no complications at birth.
	Limited surgery and radiation therapy are appropriate for most patients including those for whom radical surgery might be considered.
	An adult presented to the emergency department with fever and sepsis 7 days postpartum.
	These lesions can show locally aggressive features such as wide zones of transition, cortical thinning, and soft-tissue extension.
	Atresia, considered one of the most common causes of congenital bowel obstruction, is characterized as a congenital defect that results in complete obstruction of the lumen.
	MRI of the left hip and thigh revealed a lesion in the intramedullary area of the left iliac bone, causing slight bone expansion.
	CT is a useful screening examination in the setting of seizure, but as in the presented case, often will not fully characterize associated abnormalities.
	The patient's liver function remained Child-Pugh A5, but his performance status had deteriorated mildly to status 1 after surgery.
	This is distinguished from incomplete development of the first and third arches which is thought to cause ICA hypoplasia, also a rare entity.
	While our patient presented with cyclical pain, it should be noted that cyclical, noncyclical, continuous, and nonexistent pain patterns have been noted.
	On physical examination, there was tenderness to palpation of the right lateral lower leg.
	MRI may demonstrate high signal intensity on T2-weighted images due either to mucin content or to necrosis.
	There is also a chronic recurrent type that tends to resolve spontaneously.
	After multiple rounds of embolization, DSA revealed sluggish flow in the feeding artery with decreased enhancement in the distribution of the embolized artery.
	The presence of myocardial calcifications is an indication of underlying local or systemic pathology.
	PSC usually appears as a large, round, or bosselated tumor that is necrotic and hemorrhagic.
	Congenital cystic lesions include lobar emphysema, cystic adenomatoid malformations, pleuropulmonary blastoma, bronchogenic cyst, and pulmonary sequestration.
	Initial work-up with mammography and ultrasound was unremarkable, aside from left greater than right bilateral gynecomastia.
	An otherwise healthy and developmentally normal infant presented with trigonocephaly with associated bi-temporal bulging and hypotelorism, first noted at birth.
	Intraosseous lipoma of the sacrum
	On T1 and T2 images, the tumor was isointense with a central vascular pedicle.
	Seminomas are typically homogeneous and hypoechoic on US, with smooth or lobulated borders.
	In larger lesions, it is typically the soft tissue component that shows signal drop out.
	Tumor markers should be obtained prior to treatment and include AFP, b-HCG, and lactate dehydrogenase .
	In 2005, Redman et al postulated a sub-coelomic mesenchymal metaplasia theory in which a pleuripotent cell layer beneath the mesothelial layer could differentiate under various hormonal stimuli.
	Post-embolization arterial phase DSA demonstrated complete occlusion of the feeding artery with resolution of active hemorrhage.
	The main complication of UOH is ureteral obstruction, which can lead to hydronephrosis and, potentially, kidney damage and/or infection.
	In the neonatal period, distinguishing neuroblastoma from adrenal hemorrhage is important.
	In this case, CT revealed a heterogeneous collection, as well as what was thought to be contrast extravasation, which may indicate active bleeding in the area.
	Computed tomography can delineate the lipomatous and fibrous components of the polyp as well as identify feeding vessels.
	Depending on the patient's family history, gene sequencing may be performed at the time of diagnosis.
	Gastro-duodenal endoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing Rapunzel syndrome.
	In addition to metastatic disease, acute invasive fungal sinusitis is an important clinical problem that should be considered when constructing a differential diagnosis for the immunocompromised patient, such as a patient with cancer.
	Ultrasonography is often first-line imaging in patients presenting with abdominal pain.
	There was no discrete muscle tear or area of confluent muscle necrosis.
	Following surgery, patients should continue antibiotics for 4-8 weeks with timing of subsequent valve replacement within 2-4 weeks following neurosurgical intervention.
	Histopathologically, fibrolamellar HCC is characterized by laminated fibrous layers between malignant cells.
	On CT, however, the bulk of a urachal tumor is usually found to have a larger extravesicular component and tends to grow toward the umbilicus in the perivesical space.
	There is a recommended total lifetime dose of 300 mgs, since pulmonary fibrosis may occur when this dose is exceeded.
	The pathophysiology of DMD involves dysfunctional dystrophin-mediated sarcolemma weakening, functional ischemia, and free radical damage leading to damaged muscle that is progressively replaced by fat and fibrotic tissue.
	Also, there was no evidence of direct chest wall invasion .
	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, while more commonly identified in adults, should be suspected in children presenting with hemoptysis, hematuria, and chest imaging showing cavitary pulmonary nodules, ground-glass opacity, and consolidation.
	The patient was scheduled for nonemergent surgical resection of the mesh.
	Historically, MBs have been defined histologically.

There were also hypermetabolic right cervical , left subpectoral , and right axillary lymph nodes concerning for additional sites of disease.

The etiology is unknown it is theorized that in utero exposure to maternal estrogen may play a role.

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast.

Immediate post-operative imaging can serve as a valuable baseline for comparison.

A 4 4 cm mildly tender nodule with minimal erythema and warmth was palpated in the medial aspect of the right elbow.

The Pearl Index measures the number of pregnancies per 100 women per year using the contraceptive method.

There is mild distal insertional tendinosis with minimal articular sided fraying of the distal aspect of the supraspinatus tendon.

Affected individuals may also present with a limited range of motion of their upper extremity as a manifestation of the continued growth of the pseudotumor.

Histologically, they are composed of Schwann cells with regions of high and low cellularity termed Antoni A and Antoni B areas.

MRI evaluation is considered the most sensitive and specific imaging technique for diagnosing stress fracture.

In a review of 20 reported cases, Scalvenzi et al found that the diagnosis has a variable outcome and is more common in males.

Epidural lipomatosis can be managed with steroid taper and discontinuation or with laminectomy and epidural fat resection.

RCC occurs more often in males and tends to present later in life, often occurring after the 6th decade .

Excision of PASH generally can be considered in growing lesions as well as in BI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions, and when core needle biopsy pathology results are discordant with imaging findings.

A 4-cm vaginal cuff defect was identified during exploratory laparoscopy , and transvaginal cuff closure was performed.

Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography of the abdomen performed before and after administration of gadoxetate disodium showed the liver to have a lobulated contour with several discrete nodules and diffuse abnormal reticular increased T2/decreased T1 signal typical of hepatic fibrosis .

While disseminated leiomyomatosis is a rare entity, it should be considered in a patient with a peritoneal mass or masses, especially if the patient has a coexisting fibroid uterus or has had a hysterectomy for a uterine leiomyoma.

Two days prior, they arrived in the United States from another country, where they report ingesting 100 bags of cocaine.

Endometriosis typically presents as the embedding of endometrial tissue and glands in nonuterine locations such as the adnexa, cul de sac, GI organs, and extremities.

Normally, the subtalar joint disrupts this arc. However, with coalition, the C-shaped arc is continuous.

The cysts are mostly single with an average size of 3-5 cm. The cyst wall may be thin or thick.

In humans, rabies presents in two clinical forms classic rabies encephalitis and paralytic rabies.

There is an additional contusion along the inferior pole of the patella.

Patients should also receive a loading dose of Keppra, followed by twice-daily maintenance therapy to prevent seizures, which are associated with 30-60% of cases of cerebral abscess.

As the first major branch of the descending abdominal aorta, the celiac artery usually originates just below the crus of the diaphragm. The vessel supplies blood to the liver, stomach, abdominal esophagus, spleen, and the superior portions of the duodenum and the pancreas.

In those with severe CDH, additional therapies such as ECMO may be utilized to help provide oxygen to the end-organs.

However, intraosseous gas seen within a vertebral body is more commonly related to non-infectious causes, such as degenerative or post-procedural changes, neoplasia, or osteonecrosis.

Ultrasound revealed an encapsulated iso- to hyperechoic, large lesion within the left breast parenchyma with a few, focally ectatic ducts showing internal moving echoes/ inspissated secretions.

Nuclear medicine PET scan demonstrates intense metabolic activity in involved areas.

Most patients diagnosed with PSC tend to be asymptomatic if the lesion is less than 4 cm.

First-line treatment for talocalcaneal coalition includes rest and periods of immobilization, which generally relieve the symptoms.

Among the 22 published cases of secondary appendicular torsion, torsion was suggested as a possible preoperative diagnosis in just three .

In the past, lung biopsy has been the diagnostic gold standard despite the potential complications.

These diagnostic characteristics can easily be demonstrated on US without requiring further imaging workup.

Biopsy was performed.

No aneurysms were identified at either initial or follow-up angiography. The patient developed multifocal arterial stenoses during her hospital admission related to subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm which resolved prior to discharge.

The imaging triad AVID has been proposed to aid with distinction from aqueductal stenosis and porencephaly.

The findings in this imaging test determine the treatment and prognosis.

As described above, liposarcomas are classified into intermediate graded tumors and malignant graded tumors .

The appearance of MB on T1 can range from hypo to isointense, with masses on T2 ranging from hypo- to hyperintense.

Plain abdominal radiographs often show a large volume of pneumoperitoneum but pneumatosis intestinalis is not present.

Preoperative MRI demonstrated a large, contrast-enhancing, T2/FLAIR hyperintense, dural-based mass in the right parasellar region.

Organisms include alpha and beta hemolytic Streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus, as well as less commonly Proteus, Pseudomonas, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides.

While this hypothesis has since been disproven, Waldenstrom correctly noted the chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and hypergammaglobulinemia consistent with today's definition of AIH.

These bone segments and the surrounding soft tissue enhanced markedly following intravenous contrast administration.

On ultrasound, the liver is enlarged and hyperechoic compared to the right kidney.

Collateral circulation to the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere may be provided by flow through the circle of Willis, persistent fetal vessels, or collaterals from the external carotid artery.

The clinical presentation of first arch anomalies depends on their type and location.

A frontal view chest x-ray showed a cavitary lesion with surrounding airspace consolidation in the right lower lobe.

Patients are generally younger compared to those with other parotid malignancies.

Though surgical coalition resection was previously considered controversial, recent studies have demonstrated otherwise.

Patients with an absolute neutrophil count 500/microliter are more likely to have a diagnosis of acute invasive fungal sinusitis.

Mutations in TSC1 and/or TSC2 lead to a unregulated activation of the mTOR pathway and tumor formation.

This is based on the most common location of urethral diverticula , which corresponds to the position of the periurethral ducts.

On physical examination, patients typically present with chronic wrist pain and tenderness at the hypothenar eminence.

Initial plain radiographs of the left wrist were performed at an outside facility .

There were no complications at birth.

Limited surgery and radiation therapy are appropriate for most patients including those for whom radical surgery might be considered.

An adult presented to the emergency department with fever and sepsis 7 days postpartum.

These lesions can show locally aggressive features such as wide zones of transition, cortical thinning, and soft-tissue extension.

Atresia, considered one of the most common causes of congenital bowel obstruction, is characterized as a congenital defect that results in complete obstruction of the lumen.

MRI of the left hip and thigh revealed a lesion in the intramedullary area of the left iliac bone, causing slight bone expansion.

CT is a useful screening examination in the setting of seizure, but as in the presented case, often will not fully characterize associated abnormalities.

The patient's liver function remained Child-Pugh A5, but his performance status had deteriorated mildly to status 1 after surgery.

This is distinguished from incomplete development of the first and third arches which is thought to cause ICA hypoplasia, also a rare entity.

While our patient presented with cyclical pain, it should be noted that cyclical, noncyclical, continuous, and nonexistent pain patterns have been noted.

On physical examination, there was tenderness to palpation of the right lateral lower leg.

MRI may demonstrate high signal intensity on T2-weighted images due either to mucin content or to necrosis.

There is also a chronic recurrent type that tends to resolve spontaneously.

After multiple rounds of embolization, DSA revealed sluggish flow in the feeding artery with decreased enhancement in the distribution of the embolized artery.

The presence of myocardial calcifications is an indication of underlying local or systemic pathology.

PSC usually appears as a large, round, or bosselated tumor that is necrotic and hemorrhagic.

Congenital cystic lesions include lobar emphysema, cystic adenomatoid malformations, pleuropulmonary blastoma, bronchogenic cyst, and pulmonary sequestration.

Initial work-up with mammography and ultrasound was unremarkable, aside from left greater than right bilateral gynecomastia.

An otherwise healthy and developmentally normal infant presented with trigonocephaly with associated bi-temporal bulging and hypotelorism, first noted at birth.

Intraosseous lipoma of the sacrum

On T1 and T2 images, the tumor was isointense with a central vascular pedicle.

Seminomas are typically homogeneous and hypoechoic on US, with smooth or lobulated borders.

In larger lesions, it is typically the soft tissue component that shows signal drop out.

Tumor markers should be obtained prior to treatment and include AFP, b-HCG, and lactate dehydrogenase .

In 2005, Redman et al postulated a sub-coelomic mesenchymal metaplasia theory in which a pleuripotent cell layer beneath the mesothelial layer could differentiate under various hormonal stimuli.

Post-embolization arterial phase DSA demonstrated complete occlusion of the feeding artery with resolution of active hemorrhage.

The main complication of UOH is ureteral obstruction, which can lead to hydronephrosis and, potentially, kidney damage and/or infection.

In the neonatal period, distinguishing neuroblastoma from adrenal hemorrhage is important.

In this case, CT revealed a heterogeneous collection, as well as what was thought to be contrast extravasation, which may indicate active bleeding in the area.

Computed tomography can delineate the lipomatous and fibrous components of the polyp as well as identify feeding vessels.

Depending on the patient's family history, gene sequencing may be performed at the time of diagnosis.

Gastro-duodenal endoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing Rapunzel syndrome.

In addition to metastatic disease, acute invasive fungal sinusitis is an important clinical problem that should be considered when constructing a differential diagnosis for the immunocompromised patient, such as a patient with cancer.

Ultrasonography is often first-line imaging in patients presenting with abdominal pain.

There was no discrete muscle tear or area of confluent muscle necrosis.

Following surgery, patients should continue antibiotics for 4-8 weeks with timing of subsequent valve replacement within 2-4 weeks following neurosurgical intervention.

Histopathologically, fibrolamellar HCC is characterized by laminated fibrous layers between malignant cells.

On CT, however, the bulk of a urachal tumor is usually found to have a larger extravesicular component and tends to grow toward the umbilicus in the perivesical space.

There is a recommended total lifetime dose of 300 mgs, since pulmonary fibrosis may occur when this dose is exceeded.

The pathophysiology of DMD involves dysfunctional dystrophin-mediated sarcolemma weakening, functional ischemia, and free radical damage leading to damaged muscle that is progressively replaced by fat and fibrotic tissue.

Also, there was no evidence of direct chest wall invasion .

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, while more commonly identified in adults, should be suspected in children presenting with hemoptysis, hematuria, and chest imaging showing cavitary pulmonary nodules, ground-glass opacity, and consolidation.

The patient was scheduled for nonemergent surgical resection of the mesh.

Historically, MBs have been defined histologically.