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---
title: use server
description: Learn how to use the use server directive to execute code on the server.
---
The `use server` directive designates a function or file to be executed on the **server side**. It can be used at the top of a file to indicate that all functions in the file are server-side, or inline at the top of a function to mark the function as a [Server Function](https://19.react.dev/reference/rsc/server-functions). This is a React feature.
## Using `use server` at the top of a file
The following example shows a file with a `use server` directive at the top. All functions in the file are executed on the server.
```tsx filename="app/actions.ts" highlight={1} switcher
'use server'
import { db } from '@/lib/db' // Your database client
export async function createUser(data: { name: string; email: string }) {
const user = await db.user.create({ data })
return user
}
```
```jsx filename="app/actions.js" highlight={1} switcher
'use server'
import { db } from '@/lib/db' // Your database client
export async function createUser(data) {
const user = await db.user.create({ data })
return user
}
```
### Using Server Functions in a Client Component
To use Server Functions in Client Components you need to create your Server Functions in a dedicated file using the `use server` directive at the top of the file. These Server Functions can then be imported into Client and Server Components and executed.
Assuming you have a `fetchUsers` Server Function in `actions.ts`:
```tsx filename="app/actions.ts" highlight={1} switcher
'use server'
import { db } from '@/lib/db' // Your database client
export async function fetchUsers() {
const users = await db.user.findMany()
return users
}
```
```jsx filename="app/actions.js" highlight={1} switcher
'use server'
import { db } from '@/lib/db' // Your database client
export async function fetchUsers() {
const users = await db.user.findMany()
return users
}
```
Then you can import the `fetchUsers` Server Function into a Client Component and execute it on the client-side.
```tsx filename="app/components/my-button.tsx" highlight={1,2,8} switcher
'use client'
import { fetchUsers } from '../actions'
export default function MyButton() {
return <button onClick={() => fetchUsers()}>Fetch Users</button>
}
```
```jsx filename="app/components/my-button.js" highlight={1,2,8} switcher
'use client'
import { fetchUsers } from '../actions'
export default function MyButton() {
return <button onClick={() => fetchUsers()}>Fetch Users</button>
}
```
## Using `use server` inline
In the following example, `use server` is used inline at the top of a function to mark it as a [Server Function](https://19.react.dev/reference/rsc/server-functions):
```tsx filename="app/posts/[id]/page.tsx" switcher highlight={8}
import { EditPost } from './edit-post'
import { revalidatePath } from 'next/cache'
export default async function PostPage({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
const post = await getPost(params.id)
async function updatePost(formData: FormData) {
'use server'
await savePost(params.id, formData)
revalidatePath(`/posts/${params.id}`)
}
return <EditPost updatePostAction={updatePost} post={post} />
}
```
```jsx filename="app/posts/[id]/page.js" switcher highlight={8}
import { EditPost } from './edit-post'
import { revalidatePath } from 'next/cache'
export default async function PostPage({ params }) {
const post = await getPost(params.id)
async function updatePost(formData) {
'use server'
await savePost(params.id, formData)
revalidatePath(`/posts/${params.id}`)
}
return <EditPost updatePostAction={updatePost} post={post} />
}
```
## Security considerations
When using the `use server` directive, it's important to ensure that all server-side logic is secure and that sensitive data remains protected.
### Authentication and authorization
Always authenticate and authorize users before performing sensitive server-side operations.
```tsx filename="app/actions.ts" highlight={1,7,8,9,10} switcher
'use server'
import { db } from '@/lib/db' // Your database client
import { authenticate } from '@/lib/auth' // Your authentication library
export async function createUser(
data: { name: string; email: string },
token: string
) {
const user = authenticate(token)
if (!user) {
throw new Error('Unauthorized')
}
const newUser = await db.user.create({ data })
return newUser
}
```
```jsx filename="app/actions.js" highlight={1,7,8,9,10} switcher
'use server'
import { db } from '@/lib/db' // Your database client
import { authenticate } from '@/lib/auth' // Your authentication library
export async function createUser(data, token) {
const user = authenticate(token)
if (!user) {
throw new Error('Unauthorized')
}
const newUser = await db.user.create({ data })
return newUser
}
```
## Reference
See the [React documentation](https://react.dev/reference/rsc/use-server) for more information on `use server`.
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