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---
title: unauthorized
description: API Reference for the unauthorized function.
version: experimental
related:
links:
- app/api-reference/file-conventions/unauthorized
---
The `unauthorized` function throws an error that renders a Next.js 401 error page. It's useful for handling authorization errors in your application. You can customize the UI using the [`unauthorized.js` file](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/unauthorized).
To start using `unauthorized`, enable the experimental [`authInterrupts`](/docs/app/api-reference/config/next-config-js/authInterrupts) configuration option in your `next.config.js` file:
```ts filename="next.config.ts" switcher
import type { NextConfig } from 'next'
const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
experimental: {
authInterrupts: true,
},
}
export default nextConfig
```
```js filename="next.config.js" switcher
module.exports = {
experimental: {
authInterrupts: true,
},
}
```
`unauthorized` can be invoked in [Server Components](/docs/app/getting-started/server-and-client-components), [Server Actions](/docs/app/getting-started/updating-data), and [Route Handlers](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/route).
```tsx filename="app/dashboard/page.tsx" switcher
import { verifySession } from '@/app/lib/dal'
import { unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
export default async function DashboardPage() {
const session = await verifySession()
if (!session) {
unauthorized()
}
// Render the dashboard for authenticated users
return (
<main>
<h1>Welcome to the Dashboard</h1>
<p>Hi, {session.user.name}.</p>
</main>
)
}
```
```jsx filename="app/dashboard/page.js" switcher
import { verifySession } from '@/app/lib/dal'
import { unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
export default async function DashboardPage() {
const session = await verifySession()
if (!session) {
unauthorized()
}
// Render the dashboard for authenticated users
return (
<main>
<h1>Welcome to the Dashboard</h1>
<p>Hi, {session.user.name}.</p>
</main>
)
}
```
## Good to know
- The `unauthorized` function cannot be called in the [root layout](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/layout#root-layout).
## Examples
### Displaying login UI to unauthenticated users
You can use `unauthorized` function to display the `unauthorized.js` file with a login UI.
```tsx filename="app/dashboard/page.tsx" switcher
import { verifySession } from '@/app/lib/dal'
import { unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
export default async function DashboardPage() {
const session = await verifySession()
if (!session) {
unauthorized()
}
return <div>Dashboard</div>
}
```
```jsx filename="app/dashboard/page.js" switcher
import { verifySession } from '@/app/lib/dal'
import { unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
export default async function DashboardPage() {
const session = await verifySession()
if (!session) {
unauthorized()
}
return <div>Dashboard</div>
}
```
```tsx filename="app/unauthorized.tsx" switcher
import Login from '@/app/components/Login'
export default function UnauthorizedPage() {
return (
<main>
<h1>401 - Unauthorized</h1>
<p>Please log in to access this page.</p>
<Login />
</main>
)
}
```
```jsx filename="app/unauthorized.js" switcher
import Login from '@/app/components/Login'
export default function UnauthorizedPage() {
return (
<main>
<h1>401 - Unauthorized</h1>
<p>Please log in to access this page.</p>
<Login />
</main>
)
}
```
### Mutations with Server Actions
You can invoke `unauthorized` in Server Actions to ensure only authenticated users can perform specific mutations.
```ts filename="app/actions/update-profile.ts" switcher
'use server'
import { verifySession } from '@/app/lib/dal'
import { unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
import db from '@/app/lib/db'
export async function updateProfile(data: FormData) {
const session = await verifySession()
// If the user is not authenticated, return a 401
if (!session) {
unauthorized()
}
// Proceed with mutation
// ...
}
```
```js filename="app/actions/update-profile.js" switcher
'use server'
import { verifySession } from '@/app/lib/dal'
import { unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
import db from '@/app/lib/db'
export async function updateProfile(data) {
const session = await verifySession()
// If the user is not authenticated, return a 401
if (!session) {
unauthorized()
}
// Proceed with mutation
// ...
}
```
### Fetching data with Route Handlers
You can use `unauthorized` in Route Handlers to ensure only authenticated users can access the endpoint.
```tsx filename="app/api/profile/route.ts" switcher
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
import { verifySession } from '@/app/lib/dal'
import { unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
export async function GET(req: NextRequest): Promise<NextResponse> {
// Verify the user's session
const session = await verifySession()
// If no session exists, return a 401 and render unauthorized.tsx
if (!session) {
unauthorized()
}
// Fetch data
// ...
}
```
```jsx filename="app/api/profile/route.js" switcher
import { verifySession } from '@/app/lib/dal'
import { unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
export async function GET() {
const session = await verifySession()
// If the user is not authenticated, return a 401 and render unauthorized.tsx
if (!session) {
unauthorized()
}
// Fetch data
// ...
}
```
## Version History
| Version | Changes |
| --------- | -------------------------- |
| `v15.1.0` | `unauthorized` introduced. |
|