chakra-ui/apps/www/content/docs/theming/overview.mdx

---
title: Overview
description: A guide for configuring the Chakra UI theming system.
---

## Architecture

The Chakra UI theming system is built around the API of
[Panda CSS](https://panda-css.com/).

Here's a quick overview of how the system is structured to provide a performant
and extensible styling system:

- Define the styling system configuration using the `defineConfig` function
- Create the styling engine using the `createSystem` function
- Pass the styling engine to the `ChakraProvider` component

```tsx
import {
  ChakraProvider,
  createSystem,
  defaultConfig,
  defineConfig,
} from "@chakra-ui/react"

const config = defineConfig({
  theme: {
    tokens: {
      colors: {},
    },
  },
})

const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

export default function App() {
  return (
    <ChakraProvider value={system}>
      <Box>Hello World</Box>
    </ChakraProvider>
  )
}
```

## Config

The Chakra UI system is configured using the `defineConfig` function. This
function accepts a configuration object that allows you to customize the styling
system's behavior.

After a config is defined, it is passed to the `createSystem` function to create
the styling engine.

### cssVarsRoot

`cssVarsRoot` is the root element where the token CSS variables will be applied.

```tsx title="theme.ts"
const config = defineConfig({
  cssVarsRoot: ":where(:root, :host)",
})

export default createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

### cssVarsPrefix

`cssVarsPrefix` is the prefix used for the token CSS variables.

```tsx title="theme.ts"
const config = defineConfig({
  cssVarsPrefix: "ck",
})

export default createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

### globalCss

`globalCss` is used to apply global styles to the system.

```tsx title="theme.ts"
const config = defineConfig({
  globalCss: {
    "html, body": {
      margin: 0,
      padding: 0,
    },
  },
})

export default createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

### preflight

`preflight` is used to apply css reset styles to the system.

```tsx title="theme.ts"
const config = defineConfig({
  preflight: false,
})

export default createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

Alternatively, you can use the `preflight` config property to apply css reset
styles to the system. This is useful if you want to apply css reset styles to a
specific element.

```tsx title="theme.ts"
const config = defineConfig({
  preflight: {
    scope: ".chakra-reset",
  },
})

export default createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

### theme

Use the `theme` config property to define the system theme. This property
accepts the following properties:

- `breakpoints`: for defining breakpoints
- `keyframes`: for defining css keyframes animations
- `tokens`: for defining tokens
- `semanticTokens`: for defining semantic tokens
- `textStyles`: for defining typography styles
- `layerStyles`: for defining layer styles
- `animationStyles`: for defining animation styles
- `recipes`: for defining component recipes
- `slotRecipes`: for defining component slot recipes

```tsx title="theme.ts"
const config = defineConfig({
  theme: {
    breakpoints: {
      sm: "320px",
      md: "768px",
      lg: "960px",
      xl: "1200px",
    },
    tokens: {
      colors: {
        red: "#EE0F0F",
      },
    },
    semanticTokens: {
      colors: {
        danger: { value: "{colors.red}" },
      },
    },
    keyframes: {
      spin: {
        from: { transform: "rotate(0deg)" },
        to: { transform: "rotate(360deg)" },
      },
    },
  },
})

export default createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

### conditions

Use the `conditions` config property to define custom selectors and media query
conditions for use in the system.

```tsx title="theme.ts"
const config = defineConfig({
  conditions: {
    cqSm: "@container(min-width: 320px)",
    child: "& > *",
  },
})

export default createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

Sample usage:

```tsx
<Box mt="40px" _cqSm={{ mt: "0px" }}>
  <Text>Hello World</Text>
</Box>
```

### strictTokens

Use the `strictTokens` config property to enforce the usage of only design
tokens. This will throw a TS error if you try to use a token that is not defined
in the theme.

```tsx title="theme.ts"
const config = defineConfig({
  strictTokens: true,
})

export default createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

```tsx
// ❌ This will throw a TS error
<Box color="#4f343e">Hello World</Box>

// ✅ This will work
<Box color="red.400">Hello World</Box>
```

## TypeScript

When you configure the system properties (like `colors`, `space`, `fonts`,
etc.), the CLI can be used to generate type definitions for them.

```bash
npx @chakra-ui/cli typegen ./theme.ts
```

This will update the internal types in the `@chakra-ui/react` package, and make
sure they are in sync with the theme. Providing a type-safe API and delightful
experience for developers.

## System

After a config is defined, it is passed to the `createSystem` function to create
the styling engine. The returned `system` is framework-agnostic JavaScript
styling engine that can be used to style components.

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)
```

The system includes the following properties:

### token

The token function is used to get a raw token value, or css variable.

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

// raw token
system.token("colors.red.200")
// => "#EE0F0F"

// token with fallback
system.token("colors.pink.240", "#000")
// => "#000"
```

Use the `token.var` function to get the css variable:

```tsx
// css variable
system.token.var("colors.red.200")
// => "var(--chakra-colors-red-200)"

// token with fallback
system.token.var("colors.pink.240", "colors.red.200")
// => "var(--chakra-colors-red-200)"
```

It's important to note that `semanticTokens` always return a css variable,
regardless of whether you use `token` or `token.var`. This is because semantic
tokens change based on the theme.

```tsx
// semantic token
system.token("colors.danger")
// => "var(--chakra-colors-danger)"

system.token.var("colors.danger")
// => "var(--chakra-colors-danger)"
```

### tokens

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

system.tokens.getVar("colors.red.200")
// => "var(--chakra-colors-red-200)"

system.tokens.expandReferenceInValue("3px solid {colors.red.200}")
// => "3px solid var(--chakra-colors-red-200)"

system.tokens.cssVarMap
// => Map { "colors": Map { "red.200": "var(--chakra-colors-red-200)" } }

system.tokens.flatMap
// => Map { "colors.red.200": "var(--chakra-colors-red-200)" }
```

### css

The `css` function is used to convert chakra style objects to CSS style object
that can be passed to `emotion` or `styled-components` or any other styling
library.

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

system.css({
  color: "red.200",
  bg: "blue.200",
})

// => { color: "var(--chakra-colors-red-200)", background: "var(--chakra-colors-blue-200)" }
```

### cva

The `cva` function is used to create component recipes. It returns a function
that, when called with a set of props, returns a style object.

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

const button = system.cva({
  base: {
    color: "white",
    bg: "blue.500",
  },
  variants: {
    outline: {
      color: "blue.500",
      bg: "transparent",
      border: "1px solid",
    },
  },
})

button({ variant: "outline" })
// => { color: "blue.500", bg: "transparent", border: "1px solid" }
```

### sva

The `sva` function is used to create component slot recipes. It returns a
function that, when called with a set of props, returns a style object for each
slot.

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

const alert = system.sva({
  slots: ["title", "description", "icon"],
  base: {
    title: { color: "white" },
    description: { color: "white" },
    icon: { color: "white" },
  },
  variants: {
    status: {
      info: {
        title: { color: "blue.500" },
        description: { color: "blue.500" },
        icon: { color: "blue.500" },
      },
    },
  },
})

alert({ status: "info" })
// => { title: { color: "blue.500" }, description: { color: "blue.500" }, icon: { color: "blue.500" } }
```

### isValidProperty

The `isValidProperty` function is used to check if a property is valid.

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

system.isValidProperty("color")
// => true

system.isValidProperty("background")
// => true

system.isValidProperty("invalid")
// => false
```

### splitCssProps

The `splitCssProps` function is used to split the props into css props and
non-css props.

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

system.splitCssProps({
  color: "red.200",
  bg: "blue.200",
  "aria-label": "Hello World",
})
// => [{ color: "red.200", bg: "blue.200" }, { "aria-label": "Hello World" }]
```

### breakpoints

The `breakpoints` property is used to query breakpoints.

```tsx
const system = createSystem(defaultConfig, config)

system.breakpoints.up("sm")
// => "@media (min-width: 320px)"

system.breakpoints.down("sm")
// => "@media (max-width: 319px)"

system.breakpoints.only("md")
// => "@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 768px)"

system.breakpoints.keys()
// => ["sm", "md", "lg", "xl"]
```

## Tokens

To learn more about tokens, please refer to the [tokens](/docs/theming/tokens)
section.

## Recipes

To learn more about recipes, please refer to the
[recipes](/docs/theming/recipes) section.