` tags, we recommend using [`next/head`](/docs/pages/api-reference/components/head) in your pages or components. - React components outside of `<Main />` will not be initialized by the browser. Do _not_ add application logic here or custom CSS (like `styled-jsx`). If you need shared components in all your pages (like a menu or a toolbar), read [Layouts](/docs/pages/building-your-application/routing/pages-and-layouts#layout-pattern) instead. - `Document` currently does not support Next.js [Data Fetching methods](/docs/pages/building-your-application/data-fetching) like [`getStaticProps`](/docs/pages/building-your-application/data-fetching/get-static-props) or [`getServerSideProps`](/docs/pages/building-your-application/data-fetching/get-server-side-props). ## Customizing `renderPage` Customizing `renderPage` is advanced and only needed for libraries like CSS-in-JS to support server-side rendering. This is not needed for built-in `styled-jsx` support. **We do not recommend using this pattern.** Instead, consider [incrementally adopting](/docs/app/guides/migrating/app-router-migration) the App Router, which allows you to more easily fetch data for pages and layouts. ```tsx filename="pages/_document.tsx" switcher import Document, { Html, Head, Main, NextScript, DocumentContext, DocumentInitialProps, } from 'next/document' class MyDocument extends Document { static async getInitialProps( ctx: DocumentContext ): Promise<DocumentInitialProps> { const originalRenderPage = ctx.renderPage // Run the React rendering logic synchronously ctx.renderPage = () => originalRenderPage({ // Useful for wrapping the whole react tree enhanceApp: (App) => App, // Useful for wrapping in a per-page basis enhanceComponent: (Component) => Component, }) // Run the parent `getInitialProps`, it now includes the custom `renderPage` const initialProps = await Document.getInitialProps(ctx) return initialProps } render() { return ( <Html lang="en"> <Head /> <body> <Main /> <NextScript /> </body> </Html> ) } } export default MyDocument ``` ```jsx filename="pages/_document.jsx" switcher import Document, { Html, Head, Main, NextScript } from 'next/document' class MyDocument extends Document { static async getInitialProps(ctx) { const originalRenderPage = ctx.renderPage // Run the React rendering logic synchronously ctx.renderPage = () => originalRenderPage({ // Useful for wrapping the whole react tree enhanceApp: (App) => App, // Useful for wrapping in a per-page basis enhanceComponent: (Component) => Component, }) // Run the parent `getInitialProps`, it now includes the custom `renderPage` const initialProps = await Document.getInitialProps(ctx) return initialProps } render() { return ( <Html lang="en"> <Head /> <body> <Main /> <NextScript /> </body> </Html> ) } } export default MyDocument ``` > **Good to know**: > > - `getInitialProps` in `_document` is not called during client-side transitions. > - The `ctx` object for `_document` is equivalent to the one received in [`getInitialProps`](/docs/pages/api-reference/functions/get-initial-props#context-object), with the addition of `renderPage`.

) } ``` ```jsx filename="pages/_document.jsx" switcher import { Html, Head, Main, NextScript } from 'next/document' export default function Document() { return (

) } ``` > **Good to know**: > > - `_document` is only rendered on the server, so event handlers like `onClick` cannot be used in this file. > - ``, ``, `

` and `` are required for the page to be properly rendered. ## Caveats - The `` component used in `_document` is not the same as [`next/head`](/docs/pages/api-reference/components/head). The `` component used here should only be used for any `` code that is common for all pages. For all other cases, such as `` tags, we recommend using [`next/head`](/docs/pages/api-reference/components/head) in your pages or components. - React components outside of `<Main />` will not be initialized by the browser. Do _not_ add application logic here or custom CSS (like `styled-jsx`). If you need shared components in all your pages (like a menu or a toolbar), read [Layouts](/docs/pages/building-your-application/routing/pages-and-layouts#layout-pattern) instead. - `Document` currently does not support Next.js [Data Fetching methods](/docs/pages/building-your-application/data-fetching) like [`getStaticProps`](/docs/pages/building-your-application/data-fetching/get-static-props) or [`getServerSideProps`](/docs/pages/building-your-application/data-fetching/get-server-side-props). ## Customizing `renderPage` Customizing `renderPage` is advanced and only needed for libraries like CSS-in-JS to support server-side rendering. This is not needed for built-in `styled-jsx` support. **We do not recommend using this pattern.** Instead, consider [incrementally adopting](/docs/app/guides/migrating/app-router-migration) the App Router, which allows you to more easily fetch data for pages and layouts. ```tsx filename="pages/_document.tsx" switcher import Document, { Html, Head, Main, NextScript, DocumentContext, DocumentInitialProps, } from 'next/document' class MyDocument extends Document { static async getInitialProps( ctx: DocumentContext ): Promise<DocumentInitialProps> { const originalRenderPage = ctx.renderPage // Run the React rendering logic synchronously ctx.renderPage = () => originalRenderPage({ // Useful for wrapping the whole react tree enhanceApp: (App) => App, // Useful for wrapping in a per-page basis enhanceComponent: (Component) => Component, }) // Run the parent `getInitialProps`, it now includes the custom `renderPage` const initialProps = await Document.getInitialProps(ctx) return initialProps } render() { return ( <Html lang="en"> <Head /> <body> <Main /> <NextScript /> </body> </Html> ) } } export default MyDocument ``` ```jsx filename="pages/_document.jsx" switcher import Document, { Html, Head, Main, NextScript } from 'next/document' class MyDocument extends Document { static async getInitialProps(ctx) { const originalRenderPage = ctx.renderPage // Run the React rendering logic synchronously ctx.renderPage = () => originalRenderPage({ // Useful for wrapping the whole react tree enhanceApp: (App) => App, // Useful for wrapping in a per-page basis enhanceComponent: (Component) => Component, }) // Run the parent `getInitialProps`, it now includes the custom `renderPage` const initialProps = await Document.getInitialProps(ctx) return initialProps } render() { return ( <Html lang="en"> <Head /> <body> <Main /> <NextScript /> </body> </Html> ) } } export default MyDocument ``` > **Good to know**: > > - `getInitialProps` in `_document` is not called during client-side transitions. > - The `ctx` object for `_document` is equivalent to the one received in [`getInitialProps`](/docs/pages/api-reference/functions/get-initial-props#context-object), with the addition of `renderPage`.