| ===== Phrack Magazine presents Phrack 15 ===== | |
| ===== File 5 of 8 ===== | |
| GELLED FLAME FUELS | |
| ------------------ | |
| A text phile typed by Elric of Imrryr from the book: | |
| Improvised Munitions Handbook (TM 31-210), published | |
| by the Dept of the Army, 1969. | |
| All information is provided only for information purposes | |
| only. Construction and/or use may violate local, state, and/or | |
| federal laws. (Unless your name is Ollie North) | |
| Gelled or paste type fuels are often preferable to raw gasoline for | |
| use in incendiary devices such as fire bottles. This type fuel adheres more | |
| readily to the target and produces greater heat concentration. | |
| Several methods are shown for gelling gasoline using commonly | |
| available materials. The methods are divided into the following categories | |
| based on the major ingredient: | |
| 1. Lye Systems | |
| 2. Lye-Alcohol Systems | |
| 3. Soap-Alcohol Systems | |
| 4. Egg White Systems | |
| 6. Wax Systems | |
| Lye Systems | |
| Lye (also know as caustic soda or Sodium Hydroxide) can be used in | |
| combination with powdered rosin or castor oil to gel gasoline for use as a | |
| flame fuel which will adhere to target surfaces. | |
| MATERIALS REQUIRED: | |
| ------------------ | |
| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source | |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- | |
| 60 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle | |
| 2 (flake) or Lye Drain cleaner, Food store or Drug store | |
| 1 (powder) making of soap | |
| 15 Rosin Manufacturing Paint store, chemical supply | |
| Paint & Varnish house | |
| or | |
| Castor Oil Medicine Food and Drug stores | |
| PROCEDURE | |
| --------- | |
| ______________________________________________________________________________ | |
| |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | | |
| |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | |
| 1. Pour gasoline into jar, bottle or other container. (DO NOT USE AN ALUMINUM | |
| CONTAINER.) | |
| 2. IF rosin is in cake form, crush into small pieces. | |
| 3. Add rosin or castor oil to the gasoline and stir for about five minutes to | |
| mix thoroughly. | |
| 4. In a second container (NOT ALUMINUM) add lye to an equal volume of water | |
| slowly with stirring. | |
| ______________________________________________________________________________ | |
| |CAUTION: Lye solution can burn skin and destroy clothing. If any is | | |
| |spilled, wash away immediately with large quantities of water. | | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | |
| 5. Add lye solution to the gasoline mix and stir until mixture thickens (about | |
| one minute). | |
| NOTE: The sample will eventually thicken to a very firm paste. This can be | |
| thinned, if desired, by stirring in additional gasoline. | |
| Lye-Alcohol Systems | |
| Lye (also know as caustic soda or Sodium Hydroxide) can be used in | |
| combination with alcohol and any of several fats to gel gasoline for use as a | |
| flame fuel. | |
| MATERIALS REQUIRED: | |
| ------------------ | |
| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source | |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- | |
| 60 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle | |
| 2 (flake) or Lye Drain cleaner, Food store or Drug store | |
| 1 (powder) making of soap | |
| 3 Ethyl Alcohol Whiskey Liquor store | |
| Medicine Drug store | |
| NOTE: Methyl (wood) alcohol or isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol can be substituted | |
| for ethyl alcohol, but their use produces softer gels. | |
| 14 Tallow Food Fats rendered by cooking the | |
| Making of soap meat or suet of animals. | |
| NOTE: The following can be substituted for the tallow: | |
| (a) Wool grease (Lanolin) (very good) -- Fat extracted from sheep wool | |
| (b) Castor Oil (good) | |
| (c) Any vegetable oil (corn, cottonseed, peanut, linseed, etc.) | |
| (d) Any fish oil | |
| (e) Butter or oleo margarine | |
| It is necessary when using substitutes (c) to (e) to double the given amount | |
| of fat and of lye for satisfactory body. | |
| PROCEDURE | |
| --------- | |
| ______________________________________________________________________________ | |
| |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | | |
| |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | |
| 1. Pour gasoline into jar, bottle or other container. (DO NOT USE AN ALUMINUM | |
| CONTAINER.) | |
| 2. Add tallow (or substitute) to the gasoline and stir for about 1/2 minute to | |
| dissolve fat. | |
| 3. Add alcohol to the gasoline mixture. Mix thoroughly. | |
| 4. In a separate container (NOT ALUMINUM) slowly add lye to an equal volume of | |
| water. Mixture should be stirred constantly while adding lye. | |
| ______________________________________________________________________________ | |
| |CAUTION: Lye solution can burn skin and destroy clothing. If any is | | |
| |spilled, wash away immediately with large quantities of water. | | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | |
| 5. Add lye solution to the gasoline mixture and stir occasionally until | |
| thickened (about 1/2 hour) | |
| NOTE: The sample will eventually (1 to 2 days) thicken to a very firm paste. | |
| This can be thinned, if desired, by stirring in additional gasoline. | |
| Soap-Alcohol System | |
| Common household soap can be used in combination with alcohol to gel | |
| gasoline for use as a flame fuel which will adhere to target surfaces. | |
| MATERIALS REQUIRED: | |
| ------------------ | |
| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source | |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- | |
| 36 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle | |
| 1 Ethyl Alcohol Whiskey Liquor store | |
| Medicine Drug store | |
| NOTE: Methyl (wood) alcohol or isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol can be substituted | |
| for ethyl alcohol. | |
| 20 (powdered) or Laundry soap Washing clothes Stores | |
| 28 (flake) | |
| NOTE: Unless the word "soap" actually appears somewhere on the container or | |
| wrapper, a washing compound is probably a detergent. THESE CAN NOT BE USED. | |
| PROCEDURE | |
| --------- | |
| ______________________________________________________________________________ | |
| |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | | |
| |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | |
| 1. If bar soap is used, carve into thin flakes using a knife. | |
| 2. Pour Alcohol and gasoline into a jar, bottle or other container and mix | |
| thoroughly. | |
| 3. Add soap powder or flakes to gasoline-alcohol mix and stir occasionally | |
| until thickened (about 15 minutes). | |
| Egg System | |
| The white of any bird egg can be used to gel gasoline for use as a flame fuel. | |
| MATERIALS REQUIRED: | |
| ------------------ | |
| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source | |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- | |
| 85 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle | |
| 14 Egg Whites Food Food store, farms | |
| Any one of the following | |
| 1 Table Salt Food, industrial Sea Water, Natural brine, | |
| processes Food stores | |
| 3 Ground Coffee Food Food store | |
| 3 Dried Tea Food Food store | |
| Leaves | |
| 3 Cocoa Food Food store | |
| 2 Sugar Food Food store | |
| 1 Saltpeter Pyrotechnics Drug store | |
| (Niter) Explosives chemical supply store | |
| (Potassium Matches | |
| Nitrate) Medicine | |
| 1 Epsom salts Medicine Drug store, food store | |
| industrial | |
| processes | |
| 2 Washing soda Washing cleaner Food store | |
| (Sal soda) Medicine Drug store | |
| Photography Photo supply store | |
| 1 1/2 Baking soda Baking Food store | |
| Manufacturing: Drug store | |
| Beverages, | |
| Mineral waters, | |
| and Medicine | |
| 1 1/2 Aspirin Medicine Drug store | |
| Food store | |
| PROCEDURE | |
| --------- | |
| ______________________________________________________________________________ | |
| |CAUTION: Make sure that there are no open flames in the area when mixing | | |
| |the flame fuel. NO SMOKING! | | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | |
| 1. Separate egg white from yolk. This can be done by breaking the egg into a | |
| dish and carefully removing the yolk with a spoon. | |
| ______________________________________________________________________________ | |
| |NOTE: DO NOT GET THE YELLOW EGG YOLK MIXED INTO THE EGG WHITE. If egg yolk| | |
| |gets into the egg white, discard the egg. | | |
| |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | |
| 2. Pour egg white into a jar, bottle, or other container and add gasoline. | |
| 3. Add the salt (or other additive) to the mixture and stir occasionally until | |
| gel forms (about 5 to 10 minutes). | |
| NOTE: A thicker flame fuel can be obtained by putting the capped jar in hot | |
| (65 C) water for about 1/2 hour and then letting them cool to room | |
| temperature. (DO NOT HEAT THE GELLED FUEL CONTAINING COFFEE). | |
| Wax System | |
| Any of several common waxes can be used to gel gasoline for use as a | |
| flame fuel. | |
| MATERIALS REQUIRED: | |
| ------------------ | |
| Parts by Volume Ingredient How Used Common Source | |
| --------------- ---------- -------- ------------- | |
| 80 Gasoline Motor Fuel Gas station or motor vehicle | |
| 20 Wax Leather polish, Food store, drug store, | |
| (Ozocerite, sealing wax, department store | |
| Mineral wax, candles, | |
| fossil wax, waxed paper, | |
| ceresin wax furniture & | |
| beeswax) floor waxes, | |
| lithographing. | |
| PROCEDURE | |
| --------- | |
| 1. Melt the wax and pour into jar or bottle which has been placed in a hot | |
| water bath. | |
| 2. Add gasoline to the bottle. | |
| 3. When wax has completely dissolved in the gasoline, allow the water bath to | |
| cool slowly to room temperature. | |
| NOTE: If a gel does not form, add additional wax (up to 40% by volume) and | |
| repeat the above steps. If no gel forms with 40% wax, make a Lye solution by | |
| dissolving a small amount of Lye (Sodium Hydroxide) in an equal amount of | |
| water. Add this solution (1/2% by volume) to the gasoline wax mix and shake | |
| bottle until a gel forms. | |
| Well, that's it, I omitted a few things because they where either redundant, | |
| or more aimed toward battle field conditions. Be careful, don't get caught, | |
| and have fun... | |
| Elric of Imrryr | |