hacking

	== Phrack Inc. ==

	Volume Four, Issue Thirty-Eight, File 7 of 15

	<:=--=:><:=--=:><:=--=:><:=--=:>\\|/<:=--=:><:=--=:><:=--=:><:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> >>>>>=-* Users Guide to VAX/VMS *-=<<<<< <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> Part III of III <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> Part E: DCL Command Reference <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> Part F: Lexical Function Reference <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> By Black Kat <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:> <:=--=:>
	<:=--=:><:=--=:><:=--=:><:=--=:>/\|\<:=--=:><:=--=:><:=--=:><:=--=:>


	Index
	~~~~~
	Part E contains information on DCL Command Reference
	Part F contains information on Lexical Function Reference


	<:=- Part E : DCL Command Reference -=:>


	DCL Command Reference
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
	@ file_spec [p1 p2...p8]
	Executes a DCL command procedure.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT=file_spec


	ACCOUNTING file_spec[,...]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Accounting Utility to collect and report accounting
	information.

	Qualifiers:
	/ACCOUNT /ADDRESS /BEFORE /BINARY /ENTRY
	/FULL /IDENTIFICATION /IMAGE /JOB /LOG
	/NODE /OUTPUT /OWNER /PRIORITY /PROCESS
	/QUEUE /REJECTED /REMOTE_ID /REPORT /SINCE
	/SORT /STATUS /SUMMARY /TERMINAL /TITLE
	/TYPE /UIC /USER


	ALLOCATE device_name: [logical_name]
	Provides exclusive use of a device and, optionally, establishes a logical
	name for that device. While a device is allocated, other users may access
	the device until you DEALLOCATE it or log out.

	Qualifier:
	/GENERIC


	ANALYZE
	Invokes various VAX/VMS utilities to examine components of the system. The
	default function is to examine a module (ANALYZE/OBJECT).

	Qualifiers:
	/CRASH_DUMP /DISK_STRUCTURE /ERROR_LOG /IMAGE
	/MEDIA /OBJECT /PROCESS_DUMP /RMS_FILE
	/SYSTEM


	APPEND input_file_spec[,...] output_file_spec
	Adds the contents of one or more input files to the end of a file.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALLOCATION /BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONFIRM
	/CONTIGUOUS /CREATED /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /EXTENSION
	/LOG /MODIFIED /NEW_VERSION /READ_CHECK /SINCE
	/WRITE_CHECK


	ASSIGN
	Equates a logical name to a physical device name, file specification or
	another logical name.


	ASSIGN/MERGE
	Merges the contents of one queue with another.


	ASSIGN/QUEUE
	Assigns a logical queue to a device queue.


	ATTACH [process_name]
	Enables you to transfer control from the current process to another process
	created by you (see SPAWN).

	Qualifier:
	/IDENTIFICATION


	BACKUP input_spec output_spec
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Backup Utility to perform one of the following file
	operations:
	o Copy disk files.
	o Save disk files as a save set (a single data file) on a disk or
	magnetic tape volume.
	o Restore files from a save set.
	o Compare files.
	o Display information about files contained in a save set.

	Qualifiers:
	/BACKUP /BEFORE /BLOCK_SIZE /BRIEF
	/BUFFER_COUNT /COMMENT /COMPARE /CONFIRM
	/CRC /CREATED /DELETE /DENSITY
	/EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /FAST /FULL
	/GROUP_SIZE /IGNORE /IMAGE /INCREMENTAL
	/INITIALIZE /INTERCHANGE /JOURNAL /LABEL
	/LIST /LOG /MODIFIED /NEW_VERSION
	/OVERLAY /OWNER_UIC /PHYSICAL /PROTECTION
	/RECORD /REPLACE /REWIND /SAVE_SET
	/SELECT /SINCE /TRUNCATE /VERIFY
	/VOLUME


	CALL label [p1 p2...p8]
	Transfers command procedure control to a labeled subroutine in the procedure.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	CANCEL [process_name]
	Cancels a scheduled wake_up request for the specified process.

	Qualifier:
	/IDENTIFICATION


	CLOSE logical_name
	Closes a file opened for input/output with the OPEN command, and deassigns
	the logical name created for the file.

	Qualifiers:
	/ERROR /LOG


	CONNECT virtual_terminal_name
	Connects a physical terminal to a virtual terminal connected to another
	process.

	Qualifiers:
	/CONTINUE /LOGOUT


	CONTINUE
	Resumes execution of a DCL command, program or command procedure
	interrupted by pressing <Ctrl-Y> or <Ctrl-C>. You can abbreviate the
	CONTINUE command to the letter C.


	COPY input_file_spec[,...] output_file_spec
	Creates a new file from one or more existing files. The COPY command can be
	used to:
	o Copy an input file to an output file, optionally changing its name and
	location.
	o Copy a group of input files to a group of output files.
	o Concatenate two or more files into a single new file.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALLOCATION /BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONCATENATE
	/CONFIRM /CONTIGUOUS /CREATED /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED
	/EXTENSION /LOG /MODIFIED /OVERLAY /PROTECTION
	/READ_CHECK /REPLACE /SINCE /TRUNCATE /VOLUME
	/WRITE_CHECK


	CREATE file_spec
	Creates one or more sequential disk files from records that follow in the
	input stream (i.e., the keyboard, a modem...). To terminate input and close
	the file, enter <Ctrl-Z>.

	Qualifiers:
	/LOG /OWNER_UIC /PROTECTION /VOLUME


	CREATE/DIRECTORY directory_spec[,...]
	Creates a new directory or subdirectory for cataloging files.

	Qualifiers:
	/LOG /OWNER_UIC /PROTECTION /VERSION_LIMIT /VOLUME


	CREATE/FDL=fdl_file_spec [file_spec]
	Invokes the FDL (File Definition Language) Utility to use the
	specifications in a definition file to create a new (empty) data file.

	Qualifier:
	/LOG


	DEALLOCATE device_name:
	Releases a previously allocated device to the pool of available devices.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALL


	DEASSIGN logical_name[:]
	Deletes logical name assignments made with the ALLOCATE, ASSIGN, DEFINE, or
	MOUNT command.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALL /EXECUTE_MODE /GROUP /JOB
	/PROCESS /SUPERVISOR_MODE /SYSTEM /TABLE
	/USER_MODE


	DEASSIGN/QUEUE logical_queue_name[:]
	Deassigns a logical queue from its printer or terminal queue assignment and
	stops the associated logical queue.


	DEBUG
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Debugger.


	DEFINE logical_name equivalence_name[,...]
	Creates a logical name entry and assigns it an equivalence string, or a list
	of equivalence strings, to the specified logical name.

	Qualifiers:
	/EXECUTIVE_MODE /GROUP /JOB
	/LOG /NAME_ATTRIBUTES /PROCESS
	/SUPERVISOR_MODE /SYSTEM /TABLE
	/TRANSLATION_ATTRIBUTES /USER_MODE /CHARACTERISTIC
	/FORM /KEY


	DEFINE/KEY key_name string
	Associates a character string and a set of attributes with a function key.

	Qualifiers:
	/ECHO /ERASE /IF_STATE /LOCK_STATE /LOG
	/SET_STATE /TERMINATE


	DELETE file_spec[,...]
	Deletes one or more files from a mass device.

	Qualifiers:
	/BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONFIRM /CREATED
	/ERASE /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /LOG /MODIFIED
	/SINCE


	DELETE/CHARACTERISTIC characteristic_name
	Deletes the definition of a queue characteristic that previously was
	established with the DEFINE/CHARACTERISTIC command.


	DELETE/ENTRY=(queue_entry_number[,...]) queue_name[:]
	Deletes one or more job entries from the named queue.


	DELETE/KEY key_name
	Deletes a key definition established by the DEFINE/KEY command.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALL /LOG /STATE


	DELETE/QUEUE queue_name[:]
	Deletes the specified queue from the system.


	DELETE/SYMBOL symbol_name
	Removes a symbol definition from a local or global symbol table or removes
	all symbol definitions in a symbol table.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALL /GLOBAL /LOCAL /LOG


	DEPOSIT location=data[,...]
	Over-writes the contents of a specified location or series of locations in
	virtual memory. The DEPOSIT and EXAMINE commands are used (mostly) while
	debugging programs interactively.

	Qualifiers:
	/ASCII /BYTE /DECIMAL /HEXADECIMAL
	/LONGWORD /OCTAL /WORD


	DIFFERENCES master_file_spec [revision_file_spec]
	Compares the contents of two disk files and creates a listing of those
	records that do not match.

	Qualifiers:
	/CHANGE_BAR /COMMENT_DELIMITER /IGNORE
	/MATCH /MAXIMUM_DIFFERENCES /MERGED
	/MODE /NUMBER /OUTPUT
	/PARALLEL /SEPARATED /SLP
	/WIDTH /WINDOW


	DIRECTORY [file_spec[,...]]
	Provides a list of files or information about a file or group of files.

	Qualifiers:
	/ACL /BACKUP /BEFORE /BRIEF /BY_OWNER
	/COLUMNS /CREATED /DATE /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED
	/FILE_ID /FULL /GRAND_TOTAL /HEADING /MODIFIED
	/OUTPUT /OWNER /PRINTER /PROTECTION /SECURITY
	/SELECT /SINCE /SIZE /TOTAL /TRAILING
	/VERSIONS /WIDTH


	DISCONNECT
	Disconnects a physical terminal from a virtual terminal that has been
	connected to a process. The virtual terminal, and its associated process
	will remain on the system when the physical terminal is disconnected from it.

	Qualifier:
	/CONTINUE


	DISMOUNT device_name[:]
	Dismounts a disk or magnetic tape volume that previously was mounted with a
	MOUNT command.

	Qualifiers:
	/ABORT /CLUSTER /UNIT /UNLOAD


	DUMP file_spec[,...]
	Displays the contents of files or volumes in ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal or
	octal representation.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALLOCATED /BLOCKS /BYTE /DECIMAL /FILE_HEADER
	/FORMATTED /HEADER /HEXADECIMAL /LONGWORD /NUMBER
	/OCTAL /OUTPUT /PRINTER /RECORDS /WORD


	EDIT/ACL file_spec
	Invokes the Access Control List Editor to create or update access control
	list information for a specified object.

	Qualifiers:
	/JOURNAL /KEEP /MODE /OBJECT /RECOVER


	EDIT/EDT file_spec
	Invokes the VAX/VMS EDT text editor. The /EDT qualifier is not required, as
	EDT is the default editor.

	Qualifiers:
	/COMMAND /CREATE /JOURNAL /OUTPUT /READ_ONLY
	/RECOVER


	EDIT/FDL file_spec
	Invokes the VAX/VMS FDL (File Definition Language) Editor to create or modify
	File and FDL files.

	Qualifiers:
	/ANALYSIS /CREATE /DISPLAY /EMPHASIS
	/GRANULARITY /NOINTERACTIVE /NUMBER_KEYS /OUTPUT
	/PROMPTING /RESPONSES /SCRIPT


	EDIT/TPU file_spec
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Text Processing Utility. The EVE (Extensible VAX Editor)
	is the default interface for TPU. To invoke TPU with the EDT emulator
	interface, define the logical TPUSECII to point to the section file for the
	EDT interface as follows:
	$ DEFINE TPUSECINI EDTSECINI

	Qualifiers:
	/COMMAND /CREATE /DISPLAY /JOURNAL
	/OUTPUT /READ_ONLY /RECOVER /SECTION


	EOD
	Signals the end of an input stream when a command, program or utility is
	reading data from an input device other than a terminal.


	EXAMINE location[:location]
	Displays the contents of virtual memory.

	Qualifiers:
	/ASCII /BYTE /DECIMAL /HEXADECIMAL
	/LONGWORD /OCTAL /WORD


	EXIT [status_code]
	Terminates the current command procedure. If the command procedure was
	executed from within another command procedure, control will return to the
	calling procedure.


	GOSUB label
	Transfers command procedure control to a labeled subroutine.


	GOTO label
	Transfers control to a labeled statement in a command procedure.


	HELP
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Help Utility to display information about a VMS command
	or topic.

	Qualifiers:
	/INSTRUCTIONS /LIBLIST /LIBRARY /OUTPUT
	/PAGE /PROMPT /USERLIBRARY


	IF logical_expression THEN dcl_command
	Tests the value of a logical expression and executes the command following
	the THEN keyword if the test is true.


	INITIALIZE device_name[:] volume_label
	Formats and writes a label on a mass storage volume.

	Qualifiers:
	/ACCESSED /BADBLOCKS /CLUSTER_SIZE /DATA_CHECK
	/DENSITY /DIRECTORIES /ERASE /EXTENSION
	/FILE_PROTECTION /GROUP /HEADERS /HIGHWATER
	/INDEX /LABEL /MAXIMUM_FILES /OVERRIDE
	/OWNER_UC /PROTECTION /SHARE /STRUCTURE
	/SYSTEM /USER_NAME /VERIFIED /WINDOWS


	INITIALIZE/QUEUE queue_name[:]
	Creates and initializes queues. This command is used to create and assign
	names and attributes to queues. When creating a batch queue, the qualifier
	/BATCH is required.

	Qualifiers:
	/BASE_PRIORITY /BATCH /BLOCK_LMIT /CHARACTERISTICS
	/CPUDEFAULT /CPUMAXIMUM /DEFAULT /DISABLE_SWAPPING
	/ENABLE_GENERIC /FORM_MOUNTED /GENERIC /JOB_LIMIT
	/LIBRARY /ON /OWNER_UIC /PROCESSOR
	/PROTECTION /RECORD_BLOCKING /RETAIN /SCHEDULE
	/SEPARATE /START /TERMINAL /WSDEFAULT
	/WSEXTENT /WSQUOTA


	INQUIRE symbol_name [prompt]
	Provides interactive assignment of a value for a local or global symbol in a
	command procedure.

	Qualifiers:
	/GLOBAL /LOCAL /PUNCTUATION


	LIBRARY library_file_spec [input_file_spec[,...]]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Librarian Utility to create, modify, or describe a macro,
	object, help, text or shareable image library.

	Qualifiers:
	/BEFORE /COMPRESS /CREATE /CROSS_REFERENCE
	/DATA /DELETE /EXTRACT /FULL
	/GLOBALS /HELP /HISTORY /INSERT
	/LIST /LOG /MACRO /NAMES
	/OBJECT /ONLY /OUTPUT /REMOVE
	/REPLACE /SELECTIVE_SEARCH /SHARE /SINCE
	/SQUEEZE /TEXT /WIDTH /MODULE


	LINK file_spec[,...]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Linker to link object modules into a VMS program image.

	Qualifiers:
	/BRIEF /CONTIGUOUS /CROSS_REFERENCE /DEBUG
	/EXECUTABLE /FULL /HEADER /MAP
	/IMAGE /PROTECT /SHAREABLE /SYMBOL_TABLE
	/SYSLIB /SYSSHR /SYSTEM /TRACEBACK
	/USERLIBRARY /INCLUDE /LIBRARY /OPTIONS
	/SELECTIVE_SEARCH /SHAREABLE


	LOGOUT
	Terminates an interactive terminal session with VMS.

	Qualifiers:
	/BRIEF /FULL /HANGUP


	MACRO file_spec[,...]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS MACRO assembler to assemble MACRO assembly language
	source programs.

	Qualifiers:
	/CROSS_REFERENCE /DEBUG /DISABLE /ENABLE
	/LIBRARY /LIST /OBJECT /SHOW
	/UPDATE


	MAIL [file_spec] [recipient_name]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Personal Mail Utility, which is used to send messages to,
	and receive messages from, other users of the system.

	Qualifiers:
	/SUBJECT /EDIT /SELF


	MERGE input_file_spec1,input_file_spec2[,...] output_file_spec
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Sort Utility to combine up to 10 similarly sorted input
	files. The input files to be merged must be in sorted order before invoking
	MERGE.

	Qualifiers:
	/CHECK_SEQUENCE /COLLATING_SEQUENCE /DUPLICATES
	/KEY /SPECIFICATION /STABLE
	/STATISTICS /FORMAT /ALLOCATION
	/BUCKET_SIZE /CONTIGUOUS /FORMAT
	/INDEXED_SEQUENTIAL /OVERLAY /RELATIVE
	/SEQUENTIAL


	MESSAGE file_spec[,...]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Message Utility to compile message definition files.

	Qualifiers:
	/FILE_NAME /LIST /OBJECT /SYMBOLS /TEXT


	MONITOR [class_name[,...]]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Monitor Utility to monitor various classes of system
	performance data. Data can be analyzed from a running system or from a
	previously created recording file. You can execute a single MONITOR request,
	or enter MONITOR interactive mode to execute a number of requests. The
	interactive mode is entered by entering the MONITOR command with no
	parameters or qualifiers. A MONITOR request is terminated by entering
	<Ctrl-C> or <Ctrl-Z>. Pressing <Ctrl-C> causes MONITOR to enter interactive
	mode, while <Ctrl-Z> returns control to DCL.

	Parameters:
	ALL_CLASSES CLUSTER DECNET
	DISK DLOCK FCP
	FILE_SYSTEM_CACHE IO LOCK
	MODES PAGE POOL
	PROCESSES SCS STATES
	SYSTEM

	Qualifiers:
	/BEGINNING /BY_NODE /COMMENT
	/DISPLAY /ENDING /FLUSH_INTERVAL
	/INPUT /INTERVAL /NODE
	/RECORD /SUMMARY /VIEWING_TIME

	Class Name Qualifiers:
	/ALL /AVERAGE /CPU
	/CURRENT /ITEM /MAXIMUM
	/MINIMUM /PERCENT /TOPBIO
	/TOPCPU /TOPDIO /TOPFAULT


	MOUNT device_name[:][,...] [volume_label[,...]] [logical_name[:]]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Mount Utility to make a disk or tape volume available for
	use.

	Qualifiers:
	/ASSIST /ACCESSED /AUTOMATIC
	/BIND /BLOCKSIZE /CACHE
	/CLUSTER /COMMENT /CONFIRM
	/COPY /DATA_CHECK /DENSITY
	/EXTENSION /FOREIGN /GROUP
	/HDR3 /INITIALIZE /LABEL
	/MESSAGE /MOUNT_VERIFICATION /OVERRIDE
	/OWNER_UIC /PROCESSOR /PROTECTION
	/QUOTA /REBUILD /RECORDZIDE
	/SHADOW /SHARE /SYSTEM
	/UNLOAD /WINDOWS /WRITE


	ON condition THEM dcl_command
	Defines the DCL command to be executed when a command or program executed
	with a command procedure encounters an error condition or is interrupted by
	the user pressing <Ctrl-Y>.


	OPEN logical_name[:] file_spec
	Opens a file for input/output. The OPEN command assigns a logical name to
	the file and places the name in the process logical name table.

	Qualifiers:
	/APPEND /ERROR /READ /SHARE /WRITE


	PATCH file_spec
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Patch Utility to patch an executable image, shareable
	image or device driver image.

	Qualifiers:
	/ABSOLUTE /JOURNAL /NEW_VERSION /OUTPUT /UPDATE
	/VOLUME


	PHONE [phone_command]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Phone Utility. PHONE provides the facility for you to
	communicate with other users on the system or for any other VAX/VMS system
	connected to your system via a DECnet network.

	Qualifiers:
	/SCROLL /SWITCH_HOOK /VIEWPORT_SIZE


	PRINT file_spec[,...]
	Queues-up one or more files for printing.

	Qualifiers:
	/AFTER /BACKUP /BEFORE /BURST
	/BY_OWNER /CHARACTERISTICS /CONFIRM /COPIES
	/CREATED /DELETE /DEVICE /EXCLUDE
	/EXPIRED /FEED /FLAG /FORM
	/HEADER /HOLD /IDENTIFY /JOB_COUNT
	/LOWERCASE /MODIFIED /NAME /NOTE
	/NOTIFY /OPERATOR /PAGES /PARAMETERS
	/PASSALL /PRIORITY /QUEUE /REMOTE
	/RESTART /SETUP /SINCE /SPACE
	/TRAILER /USER


	PURGE [file_spec[,...]]
	Deletes all but the highest versions of the specified files.

	Qualifiers:
	/BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONFIRM /CREATED
	/ERASE /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /KEEP /LOG
	/MODIFIED /SINCE


	READ logical_name[:] symbol_name
	The READ command inputs a single record from the specified input file and
	assigns the contents of the record to the specified symbol name.

	Qualifiers:
	/DELETE /END_OF_FILE /ERROR /INDEX /KEY
	/MATCH /NOLOCK /PROMPT /TIME_OUT


	RECALL [command_specifier]
	Recalls previously entered commands for reprocessing or correcting.

	Qualifier:
	/ALL


	RENAME input_file_spec[,...] output_file_spec
	Modifies the file specification of an existing disk file or disk directory.

	Qualifiers:
	/BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONFIRM /CREATED
	/EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /LOG /MODIFIED /NEW_VERSION
	/SINCE


	REPLY ["message"]
	Allows a system operator to communicate with system users.

	Qualifiers:
	/ABORT /ALL /BELL /BLANK_TAPE
	/DISABLE /ENABLE /INITIALIZE_TAPE /LOG
	/NODE /NOTIFY /PENDING /SHUTDOWN
	/STATUS /TEMPORARY /TERMINAL /TO
	/URGENT /USERNAME /WAIT


	REQUEST "message"
	Writes a message on the system operator's terminal, and optionally requests a
	reply.

	Qualifiers:
	/REPLY /TO


	RETURN [status_code]
	Terminates a GOSUB statement and returns control to the command following the
	GOSUB command.


	RUN
	Performs the following functions:
	o Places an image into execution in the process.
	o Creates a subprocess or detached process to run a specified image.


	RUNOFF
	Performs the following functions:
	o Invokes the DIGITAL Standard Runoff text formatter to format one or more
	ASCII files.
	o Invokes the DIGITAL Standard Runoff text formatter to generate a table of
	contents for one or more ASCII files.
	o Invokes the DIGITAL Standard Runoff text formatter to generate an index
	for one or more ASCII files.


	SEARCH file_spec[,...] search_string[,...]
	Searches one or more files for the specified string(s) and lists all the
	lines containing occurrences of the strings.

	Qualifiers:
	/EXACT /EXCLUDE /FORMAT /HEADING /LOG
	/MATCH /NUMBERS /OUTPUT /REMAINING /STATISTICS
	/WINDOW


	SET ACCOUNTING
	Enables or disables logging various accounting activities in the system
	accounting log file SYS$MANAGER:ACCOUNTING.DAT. The SET ACCOUNTING command
	is also used to close the current accounting log file and to open a new one
	with a higher version number.

	Qualifiers:
	/DISABLE /ENABLE /NEW_FILE


	SET ACL object_name
	Allows you to modify the ACL (access control list) of a VMS object.

	Qualifiers:
	/ACL /AFTER /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONFIRM
	/CREATED /DEFAULT /DELETE /EDIT /EXCLUDE
	/JOURNAL /KEEP /LIKE /LOG /MODE
	/NEW /OBJECT_TYPE /RECOVER /REPLACE /SINCE

	SET AUDIT
	Enables or disables VAX/VMS security auditing.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALARM /DISABLE /ENABLE


	SET BROADCAST = (class_name[,...])
	Allows you to block out various terminal messages from being broadcast to
	your terminal.


	SET COMMAND [file_spec[,...]]
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Command Definition Utility to add, delete or replace
	commands in your process command table or a specified command table file.

	Qualifiers:
	/DELETE /LISTING /OBJECT /OUTPUT /REPLACE
	/TABLE


	SET [NO]CONTROL[=(T,Y)]
	Defines whether or not control will pass to the command language interpreter
	when <Ctrl-Y> is pressed and whether process statistics will be displayed
	when <Ctrl-T> is pressed.


	SET DAY
	Used to reset the default day type specified in the user authorization file
	for the current day.

	Qualifiers:
	/DEFAULT /LOG /PRIMARY /SECONDARY


	SET DEFAULT device_name:directory_spec
	Changes the default device and/or directory specification. The new default
	is used with all subsequent file operations that do not explicitly include a
	device or directory name.


	SET DEVICE device_name[:]
	Establishes a printer or terminal as a spooled device, or sets the error
	logging status of a device.

	Qualifiers:
	/AVAILABLE /DUAL_PORT /ERROR_LOGGING /LOG
	/SPOOLED


	SET DIRECTORY directory_spec[,...]
	Modifies directory characteristics.

	Qualifiers:
	/BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONFIRM
	/CREATED /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /LOG
	/MODIFIED /OWNER_UIC /SINCE /VERSION_LIMIT


	SET FILE file_spec[,...]
	Modifies file characteristics.

	Qualifiers:
	/BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONFIRM
	/CREATED /DATA_CHECK /END_OF_FILE /ENTER
	/ERASE_ON_DELETE /EXCLUDE /EXPIRATION_DATE /EXTENSION
	/GLOBAL_BUFFER /LOG /NODIRECTORY /OWNER_UIC
	/PROTECTION /REMOVE /SINCE /UNLOCK
	/TRUNCATE /VERSION_LIMIT


	SET HOST node_name
	Connects your terminal, via your host processor, to another processor in a
	DECnet network.

	Qualifiers:
	/LOG /DTE /HSC


	SET KEY
	Changes the current key definition state. Keys are defined by the DEFINE/KEY
	command.

	Qualifiers:
	/LOG /STATE


	SET LOGINS
	Defines the number of users who may gain access to the system. This command
	also displays the current interactive level.

	Qualifiers:
	/INTERACTIVE


	SET MAGTAPE device_name[:]
	Defines default characteristics to be associated with a magnetic tape device
	for subsequent file operations.

	Qualifiers:
	/DENSITY /END_OF_FILE /LOG /LOGSOFT /REWIND
	/SKIP /UNLOAD


	SET MESSAGE [file_spec]
	Allows you to specify the format of messages, or to override or supplement
	system messages.

	Qualifiers:
	/DELETE /FACILITY /IDENTIFICATION /SEVERITY /TEXT


	SET [NO]ON
	Controls command interpreter error checking. If SET NOON is in effect, the
	command interpreter will ignore errors in a command procedure and continue
	processing.


	SET OUTPUT_RATE [=delta_time]
	Defines the rate at which output will be written to a batch job log file.


	SET PASSWORD
	Permits to change password in a VAX/VMS account

	Qualifiers:
	/GENERATE /SECONDARY /SYSTEM


	SET PRINTER printer_name[:]
	Defines characteristics for a line printer.

	Qualifiers:
	/CR /FALLBACK /FF /LA11 /LA180
	/LOWERCASE /LOG /LP11 /PAGE /PASSALL
	/PRINTALL /TAB /TRUNCATE /UNKNOWN /UPPERCASE
	/WIDTH /WRAP


	SET PROCESS [process_name]
	Modifies execution characteristics associated with the named process for the
	current login session. If a process is not specified, changes are made to
	the current process.

	Qualifiers:
	/CPU /DUMP /IDENTIFICATION /NAME
	/PRIORITY /PRIVILEGES /RESOURCE_WAIT /RESUME
	/SUSPEND /SWAPPING


	SET PROMPT [=string]
	Defines a new DCL prompt for your process. The default prompt is a dollar
	sign ($).

	Qualifier:
	/CARRIAGE_CONTROL


	SET PROTECTION [=(code)] file_spec[,...]
	Modifies the protection applied to a particular file or to a group of files.
	The protection of a file limits the access available to various groups of
	system users. When used without a file specification, it establishes the
	default protection for all the files subsequently created during the login
	session. May also be used to modify the protection of a non-file-oriented
	device.

	Qualifiers:
	/CONFIRM /LOG /PROTECTION /DEFAULT /DEVICE


	SET QUEUE queue_name
	Used to modify the current status or attributes of a queue, or to change the
	current status or attributes of a job that is not currently executing in a
	queue.

	Qualifiers:
	/BASE_PRIOTITY /BLOCK_LIMIT /CHARACTERISTICS /CPUDEFAULT
	/CPUMAXIMUM /DEFAULT /DISABLE_SWAPPING /ENABLE_GENERIC
	/FORM_MOUNTED /JOB_LIMIT /OWNER_UIC /PROTECTION
	/RECORD_BLOCKING /RETAIN /SCHEDULE /SEPARATE
	/WSDEFAULT /WSEXTENT /WSQUOTA /ENTRY


	SET RESTART_VALUE=string
	Defines a test value for restarting portions of a batch job after a system
	failure.


	SET RIGHTS_LIST id_name[,...]
	Allows you to modify the process or system rights list.

	Qualifiers:
	/ATTRIBUTES /DISABLE /ENABLE /IDENTIFICATION /PROCESS
	/SYSTEM


	SET RMS_DEFAULT
	Used to set default values for the multiblock and multibuffer counts, network
	transfer sizes, prologue level and extend quantity used by RMS for various
	file operations.

	Qualifiers:
	/BLOCK_COUNT /BUFFER_COUNT /DISK
	/EXTEND_QUANTITY /INDEXED /MAGTAPE
	/NETWORK_BLOCK_COUNT /PROLOG /RELATIVE
	/SEQUENTIAL /SYSTEM /UNIT_RECORD


	SET SYMBOL
	Controls access to local and global symbols within command procedures.

	Qualifier:
	/SCOPE


	SET TERMINAL [device_name[:]]
	Modifies interpretation of various terminal characteristics.

	Qualifiers:
	/ADVANCED_VIDEO /ALTYPEAHD /ANSI_CRT
	/APPLICATION_KEYPAD /AUTOBAUD /BLOCK_MODE
	/BRDCSTMBX /BROADCAST /CRFILL
	/DEC_CRT /DEVICE_TYPE /DIALUP
	/DISCONNECT /DISMISS /DMA
	/ECHO /EDIT_MODE /EIGHT_BIT
	/ESCAPE /FALLBACK /FRAME
	/FORM /FULLDUP /HALFDUP
	/HANGUP /HARDCOPY /HOSTSYNC
	/INQUIRE /INSERT /LFFILL
	/LINE_EDITING /LOCAL_ECHO /LOWERCASE
	/MANUAL /MODEM /NUMERIC_KEYPAD
	/OVERSTRIKE /PAGE /PARITY
	/PASTHRU /PERMANENT /PRINTER_PORT
	/PROTOCOL /READSYNC /REGIS
	/SCOPE /SET_SPEED /SECURE_SERVER
	/SIXEL_GRAPHICS /SOFT_CHARACTERS /SPEED
	/SWITCH /SYSPASSWORD /TAB
	/TTSYNC /TYPE_AHEAD /UNKNOWN
	/UPPERCASE /WIDTH /WRAP


	SET TIME [=time]
	Resets the system time to be used with all time-dependent activities in the
	VAX/VMS operating system.


	SET UIC uic
	Establishes a new default user identification code (UIC).


	SET [NO]VERIFY [=([NO]PROCEDURE,[NO]IMAGE)]
	Controls whether command and data lines, in a command procedure, are
	displayed as they are processed.


	SET VOLUME device_spec[:][,...]
	Modifies the characteristics of a mounted Files-11 volume.

	Qualifiers:
	/ACCESSED /DATA_CHECK /ERASE_ON_DELETE
	/EXTENSION /FILE_PROTECTION /HIGHWATER_MARKING
	/LABEL /LOG /MOUNT_VERIFICATION
	/OWNER_UIC /PROTECTION /REBUILD
	/RETENTION /UNLOAD /USER_NAME
	/WINDOWS


	SET WORKING_SET
	Sets the default working set size for the current process, or sets an upper
	limit to which the working set size can be changed by an image that the
	process executes.

	Qualifiers:
	/ADJUST /EXTENT /LIMIT /LOG /QUOTA


	SHOW ACCOUNTING
	Displays items for which accounting is enabled.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SHOW ACL
	Permits you to display the access control list (ACL) of a VAX/VMS object.

	Qualifier:
	/OBJECT_TYPE


	SHOW AUDIT
	Supplies a display that identifies enable security auditing features and the
	events that they will report.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SHOW BROADCAST
	Displays messages classes that currently are being affected by the SET
	BROADCAST command.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SHOW DEFAULT
	Displays the current default device and directory specification, along with
	any equivalence strings that have been defined.


	SHOW DEVICES [device_name[:]]
	Displays the status of a device on the running VAX/VMS system.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALLOCATED /BRIEF /FILES /FULL /MOUNTED
	/OUTPUT /SYSTEM /WINDOWS /SERVED


	SHOW ERROR
	Displays an error count for all devices with an error count greater than 0.

	Qualifiers:
	/FULL /OUTPUT


	SHOW KEY [key_name]
	Displays the key definition for the specified key.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALL /BRIEF /DIRECTORY /FULL /STATE


	SHOW LOGICAL [logical_name[:],[...]]
	Displays logical names from one or more logical name tables, or displays the
	equivalence string(s) assigned to the specified logical names(s).

	Qualifiers:
	/ACCESS_MODE /ALL /DESCENDANTS /FULL
	/GROUP /JOB /OUTPUT /PROCESS
	/STRUCTURE /SYSTEM /TABLE


	SHOE MAGTAPE device_name[:]
	Displays the characteristics and status of a specified magnetic tape device.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SHOW MEMORY
	Displays availability and use of memory-related resources.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALL /FILES /FULL /OUTPUT
	/PHYSICAL_PAGES /POOL /SLOTS


	SHOW NETWORK
	Displays node information about the DECnet network of which your host
	processor is a member.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SHOW PRINTER device_name[:]
	Displays characteristics defined for a system printer.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SHOW PROCESS [process_name]
	Displays information about a process and any of its subprocesses.

	Qualifiers:
	/ACCOUNTING /ALL /CONTINUOUS /IDENTIFICATION /MEMORY
	/OUTPUT /PRIVILEGES /QUOTAS /SUBPROCESSES


	SHOW PROTECTION
	Displays the file protection that will be applied to all new files created
	during the current login session.


	SHOW QUEUE [queue_name]
	Displays information about queues and the jobs currently in queue.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALL /BATCH /BRIEF /DEVICE
	/FILES /FULL /OUTPUT /CHARACTERISTICS
	/FORM


	SHOW QUOTA
	Displays the disk quota that is currently authorized for a specific user on a
	specific disk.

	Qualifiers:
	/DISK /USER


	SHOW RMS_DEFAULT
	Displays the default multiblock count, multibuffer count, network transfer
	size, prologue level and extend quantity that RMS will use for file
	operations.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SHOW STATUS
	Displays status information for the current process.


	SHOW SYMBOL [symbol_name]
	Displays the value of a local or global symbol.

	Qualifiers:
	/ALL /GLOBAL /LOCAL /LOG


	SHOW SYSTEM
	Displays a list of processes currently running on a system.

	Qualifiers:
	/BATCH /FULL /NETWORK /OUTPUT /PROCESS
	/SUBPROCESS


	SHOW TERMINAL [device_name[:]]
	Displays the characteristics of a specified terminal.

	Qualifiers:
	/OUTPUT /PERMANENT


	SHOW TIME
	Displays the current system date and time.


	SHOW TRANSLATION logical_name
	Searches the logical name tables for a specified logical name, then returns
	the first equivalence name of the match found.

	Qualifier:
	/TABLE


	SHOW USERS [username]
	Displays a list of all users currently using the system and their terminal
	names, usernames and their process identification codes.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SHOW WORKING_SET
	Displays the current working set limit, quota and extent assigned to the
	current process.

	Qualifier:
	/OUTPUT


	SORT input_file_spec[,...] output_file_spec
	Invokes the VAX/VMS Sort Utility to reorder records in a file into a defined
	sequence.

	Qualifiers:
	/COLLATING_SEQUENCE /DUPLICATES /KEY
	/PROCESS /SPECIFICATION /STABLE
	/STATISTICS /WORK_FILES /FORMAT

	Output File Qualifiers:
	/ALLOCATION /BUCKET_SIZE /CONTIGUOUS
	/FORMAT /INDEXED_SEQUENTIAL /OVERLAY
	/RELATIVE /SEQUENTIAL


	SPAWN [command_string]
	Creates a subprocess to the current process.

	Qualifiers:
	/CARRIAGE CONTROL /CLI /INPUT
	/KEYPAD /LOG /LOGICAL_NAMES
	/NOTIFY /OUTPUT /PROCESS
	/PROMPT /SYMBOLS /TABLE
	/WAIT


	START/QUEUE queue_name
	Starts or restarts the specified queue.


	STOP process_name
	Specifies the name of a process to be deleted from the system. If the
	/IDENTIFICATION qualifier is used, the process name is ignored.

	Qualifier:
	/IDENTIFICATION


	STOP/QUEUE queue_name[:]
	Causes the specified queue to pause.

	Qualifiers:
	/ABORT /ENTRY /MANAGER
	/NEXT /REQUEUE /RESET


	SUBMIT file_spec[,...]
	Enters a command procedure(s) into a batch queue.

	Qualifiers:
	/AFTER /BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER
	/CHARACTERISTICS /CLI /CONFIRM /CPUTIME
	/CREATED /DELETE /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED
	/HOLD /IDENTIFY /KEEP /LOG_FILE
	/MODIFIED /NAME /NOTIFY /PARAMETERS
	/PRINTER /PRIORITY /QUEUE /REMOTE
	/RESTART /SINCE /USER /WSDEFAULT
	/WSEXTENT /WSQUOTA


	SYNCHRONIZE [job_name]
	Places the process issuing the command into a wait state until the specified
	job completes execution.

	Qualifiers:
	/ENTRY /QUEUE


	TYPE file_spec[,...]
	Displays the contents of a file or group of files on the current output
	device (normally your terminal screen).

	Qualifiers:
	/BACKUP /BEFORE /BY_OWNER /CONFIRM /CREATED
	/EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /MODIFIED /OUTPUT /PAGE
	/SINCE


	UNLOCK file_spec[,...]
	Makes a file that has been made inaccessible as a result of being improperly
	closed accessible.

	Qualifiers:
	/CONFIRM /LOG


	WAIT delta_time
	Places the current process in a wait state until a specified period of time
	has passed.


	WRITE logical_name expression[,...]
	Writes the specified data record to the output file indicated by the logical
	name.

	Qualifiers:
	/ERROR /SYMBOL /UPDATE


	<:=- Part E : Lexical Function Reference -=:>


	Introduction
	~~~~~~~~~~~~
	Part F is a Lexical Function Reference. Parameters for the lexicals are in
	parenthesis after the function name, and parenthesis are required whether or
	not the lexical function requires parameters.


	Lexical Function Reference
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
	F$CVSI (bit_position, width, string)
	Used to extract bit fields from a character string. The result is converted
	to a signed integer value.


	F$CFTIME (input_time, output_time, field)
	Converts absolute or combination time to the format yyyy-mm-dd
	hh:mmm:ss.cc. This function can also be used to return information about an
	absolute, combination, or delta time string.


	F$CVUI (bit_position, width, string)
	Extracts bit fields from a character string and converts the result to an
	unsigned integer value.


	F$DIRECTORY ()
	Returns the default directory name as a character string.


	F$EDIT (string, edit_list)
	Used to edit a character string based on the parameters specified in the
	edit_list.


	F$ELEMENT (element_number, delimiter, string)
	Extracts an element from a character string in which the elements are
	separated by some specified delimiter.


	F$ENVIRONMENT (item)
	Returns information about the DCL command environment.


	F$EXTRACT (offset, length, string)
	Extracts a substring from a given character string.


	F$FAO (control_string[,arg1,art2...arg15])
	Calls the $FAO system service to convert a specified control string to
	formatted ASCII. This function may be used to insert variable character
	string data into an output string or convert integer values to ASCII and
	substitute the result into the output string.


	F$FILE_ATTRIBUTES (file_spec, item)
	Returns attribute information for the specified file.


	F$GETDVI (device, item)
	Calls the $GETDVI system service to return an item of information on a
	specified device. This function allows a process to obtain information for a
	device to which the process has not necessarily allocated or assigned a
	channel.


	F$GETJPI (pid, item)
	Calls the $GETJPI system service to return status and identification
	information about the running system or about a node in the VAXcluster (if
	the system is a VAXcluster).


	F$IDENTIFIER (identifier, conversion_type)
	Converts an identifier into its integer equivalent, or vice versa. An
	identifier is a name or number that identifies a category of data resource
	users. The system uses identifiers to determine user access to a system
	resource.


	F$INTEGER (expression)
	Returns the integer value of the result of the specified expression.


	F$LENGTH (string)
	Returns the length of a specified character string.


	F$LOCATE (substring, string)
	Locates a character or character substring within a string and returns its
	offset within the string. If the character or character substring is not
	found, the function returns the length of the string that was searched.


	F$MESSAGE (status_code)
	Returns a character string containing the message associated with a system
	status code.


	F$MODE ()
	Returns a character string displaying the mode in which a process is
	executing.


	F$PARSE (file_spec[,related_spec][,field][,parse_type])
	Calls the $PARSE RMS service to parse a file specification and return either
	its expanded file specification or a particular file specification field that
	you have specified.


	F$PID (context_symbol)
	Returns a process identification number (PID), and updates the context symbol
	to point to the current position in the system's process list.


	F$PRIVILEGE (priv_states)
	Returns a value of true or false depending on whether your current process
	privileges match the privileges listed in the parameter argument.


	F$PROCESS ()
	Obtains the current process name as a character string.


	F$SEARCH (file_spec[,stream_id])
	Calls the $SEARCH RMS service to search a directory and return the full file
	specification for a specified file.


	F$SETPRV (priv_states)
	Returns a list of keywords indicating current user privileges. In addition,
	this function may be used to call the $SETPRV system service to enable or
	disable specified user privileges. The return string indicates the status of
	the user privileges before any changes have been made with the F$SETPRV
	function.


	F$STRING (expression)
	Returns the character string equivalent of the result of the specified
	expression.


	F$TIME ()
	Returns the current date and time string.


	F$TRNLNM (logical_name[,table][,index][,mode][,case][,item])
	Translates a logical name to its equivalence string, or returns the requested
	attributes of the logical name. The equivalence string is not checked to
	determine if it is a logical name or not.


	F$TYPE (symbol_name)
	Returns the data type of a symbol.


	F$USER ()
	Returns the user identification code (UIC), in named format, for the current
	user. The F$USER function has no arguments.


	F$VERIFY ([procedure_value][,image_value])
	Returns an integer value which indicates whether procedure verification mode
	is currently on or off. If used with arguments, the F$VERIFY function can
	turn verification mode on or off. You must include the parentheses after the
	F$VERIFY function, whether or not you specify arguments.


	Default File Types
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
	These file types are conventions set by DEC and may not be followed by other
	software companies.

	Type Contents
	~~~~ ~~~~~~~~
	ANL Output file from the ANALYZE command
	BAS Source input file for BASIC compiler
	CLD Command line interpreter command description file
	COM Command procedure file
	DAT Data file (input or output)
	DIF Output file from the DIFFERENCES command
	DIR Subdirectory
	DIS MAIL distribution list
	DMP Output from the DUMP command
	EDT EDT editor initialization file
	EXE VAX/VMS executable program created with the LINK command
	FDL File Definition language file created with the EDIT/FDL or
	ANALYZE/RMS/FDL command
	FOR Source input for FORTRAN compiler
	HLB Help text library
	HLP Help text file, usually as source input to help text library file
	JNL EDT editor journal file
	LIS List file created by an assembler or compiler
	LOG Information file created by a batch job, DECnet, etc.
	MAI Mail message storage file
	MAR Source input file for MACRO assembler
	MLB MAXCRO source library
	OBJ Intermediate object file created by a compiler or assembler
	OLB Object module library
	OPT Option input file for the LINK command
	STB Symbol table
	SYS System image
	TJL Journal file created by the TPU editor
	TLB Text library
	TMP General purpose temporary file
	TPU Command input file for the TPU editor
	TXT Text file


	Device Names
	~~~~~~~~~~~~
	The following are common VAX/VMS device codes and their corresponding types.

	Code Device Type
	~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~
	CS Console boot/storage device
	DA RC25 (25 MB fixed/25 MB removable)
	DB RP05, RP06 disk
	DD TU58 tape
	DJ RA60 disk
	DL RL02 disk
	DR RM03 RM05, RM80, RP07 disk
	DU RA80, RA81, RA82 disk
	DX RX01 floppy
	DY RX02 floppy
	LC Line printer device on DMF32
	LP Line printer device on LP11
	LT Local area terminal (LAT)
	MB Mailbox device
	MF TU78 magnetic tape drive
	MS TS11 magnetic tape drive
	MT TU45, TU77, TE16 magnetic tape drive
	MU TK50, TA78, TA81, TU81 magnetic tape drive
	NL Null device
	OP Operators console device
	RT Remote terminal (via DECnet)
	TT Interactive terminal device
	TX Interactive terminal device
	VT Virtual terminal
	XE DEUNA
	XQ DEQNA
	_______________________________________________________________________________