hacking

	==Phrack Magazine==

	Volume Four, Issue Forty-Three, File 26 of 27

	International Scenes

	There was once a time when hackers were basically isolated. It was
	almost unheard of to run into hackers from countries other than the
	United States. Then in the mid 1980's thanks largely to the
	existence of chat systems accessible through X.25 networks like
	Altger, tchh and QSD, hackers world-wide began to run into each other.
	They began to talk, trade information, and learn from each other.
	Separate and diverse subcultures began to merge into one collective
	scene and has brought us the hacking subculture we know today. A
	subculture that knows no borders, one whose denizens share the common goal
	of liberating information from its corporate shackles.

	With the incredible proliferation of the Internet around the globe, this
	group is growing by leaps and bounds. With this in mind, we want to help
	further unite the communities in various countries by shedding light
	onto the hacking scenes that exist there. We have been requesting files
	from people to describe the hacking scene in their country, but
	unfortunately, more people volunteered than followed through (you know
	who you are.) By next issue we will have more, I'm sure, but for now,
	we want to introduce you all to the scenes in Ireland and Canada.


	*****************************************************************************

	COUNTRIES ON THE INTERNET

	AD Andorra
	AE United Arab Emirates
	AF Afghanistan
	AG Antigua and Barbuda
	AI Anguilla
	AL Albania
	AM Armenia
	AN Netherland Antilles
	AO Angola
	AQ Antarctica
	AR Argentina
	AS American Samoa
	AT Austria
	AU Australia
	AW Aruba
	AZ Azerbaidjan
	BA Bosnia-Herzegovina
	BB Barbados
	BD Bangladesh
	BE Belgium
	BF Burkina Faso
	BG Bulgaria
	BH Bahrain
	BI Burundi
	BJ Benin
	BM Bermuda
	BN Brunei Darussalam
	BO Bolivia
	BR Brazil
	BS Bahamas
	BT Buthan
	BV Bouvet Island
	BW Botswana
	BY Bielorussia
	BZ Belize
	CA Canada
	CC Cocos Island
	CF Central African Republic
	CG Congo
	CH Switzerland
	CI Ivory Coast
	CK Cook Islands
	CL Chile
	CM Cameroon
	CN China
	CO Colombia
	CR Costa Rica
	CS Czechoslovakia
	CU Cuba
	CV Cape Verde
	CX Christmas Island
	CY Cyprus
	DE Germany
	DJ Djibouti
	DK Denmark
	DM Dominica
	DO Dominican Republic
	DZ Algeria
	EC Ecuador
	EE Estonia
	EG Egypt
	EH Western Sahara
	ES Spain
	ET Ethiopia
	FI Finland
	FJ Fiji
	FK Falkland Islands
	FM Micronesia
	FO Faroe Islands
	FR France
	FX France
	GA Gabon
	GB Great Britain (UK)
	GD Grenada
	GE Georgia
	GH Ghana
	GI Gibraltar
	GL Greenland
	GP Guadeloupe
	GQ Equatorial Guinea
	GF French Guyana
	GM Gambia
	GN Guinea
	GR Greece
	GT Guatemala
	GU Guam
	GW Guinea Bissau
	GY Guyana
	HK Hong Kong
	HM Heard & McDonald Island
	HN Honduras
	HR Croatia
	HT Haiti
	HU Hungary
	ID Indonesia
	IE Ireland
	IL Israel
	IN India
	IO British Indian Ocean Territories
	IQ Iraq
	IR Iran
	IS Iceland
	IT Italy
	JM Jamaica
	JO Jordan
	JP Japan
	KE Kenya
	KG Kirgistan
	KH Cambodia
	KI Kiribati
	KM Comoros
	KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla
	KP North Korea
	KR South Korea
	KW Kuwait
	KY Cayman Islands
	KZ Kazachstan
	LA Laos
	LB Lebanon
	LC Saint Lucia
	LI Liechtenstein
	LK Sri Lanka
	LR Liberia
	LS Lesotho
	LT Lithuania
	LU Luxembourg
	LV Latvia
	LY Libya
	MA Morocco
	MC Monaco
	MD Moldavia
	MG Madagascar
	MH Marshall Islands
	ML Mali
	MM Myanmar
	MN Mongolia
	MO Macau
	MP Northern Mariana Island
	MQ Martinique
	MR Mauritania
	MS Montserrat
	MT Malta
	MU Mauritius
	MV Maldives
	MW Malawi
	MX Mexico
	MY Malaysia
	MZ Mozambique
	NA Namibia
	NC New Caledonia
	NE Niger
	NF Norfolk Island
	NG Nigeria
	NI Nicaragua
	NL Netherlands
	NO Norway
	NP Nepal
	NR Nauru
	NT Neutral Zone
	NU Niue
	NZ New Zealand
	OM Oman
	PA Panama
	PE Peru
	PF Polynesia
	PG Papua New Guinea
	PH Philippines
	PK Pakistan
	PL Poland
	PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
	PN Pitcairn
	PT Portugal
	PR Puerto Rico
	PW Palau
	PY Paraguay
	QA Qatar
	RE Reunion
	RO Romania
	RU Russian Federation
	RW Rwanda
	SA Saudi Arabia
	SB Solomon Islands
	SC Seychelles
	SD Sudan
	SE Sweden
	SG Singapore
	SH St. Helena
	SI Slovenia
	SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen Islands
	SL Sierra Leone
	SM San Marino
	SN Senegal
	SO Somalia
	SR Suriname
	ST St. Tome and Principe
	SU Soviet Union
	SV El Salvador
	SY Syria
	SZ Swaziland
	TC Turks & Caicos Islands
	TD Chad
	TF French Southern Territories
	TG Togo
	TH Thailand
	TJ Tadjikistan
	TK Tokelau
	TM Turkmenistan
	TN Tunisia
	TO Tonga
	TP East Timor
	TR Turkey
	TT Trinidad & Tobago
	TV Tuvalu
	TW Taiwan
	TZ Tanzania
	UA Ukraine
	UG Uganda
	UK United Kingdom
	UM US Minor Outlying Islands
	US United States
	UY Uruguay
	UZ Uzbekistan
	VA Vatican City State
	VC St.Vincent & Grenadines
	VE Venezuela
	VG British Virgin Islands
	VI U.S. Virgin Islands
	VN Vietnam
	VU Vanuatu
	WF Wallis & Futuna Islands
	WS Samoa
	YE Yemen
	YU Yugoslavia
	ZA South Africa
	ZM Zambia
	ZR Zaire
	ZW Zimbabwe

	****************************************************************************

	HACKING IN IRELAND
	BY
	HAWKWIND

	Greetings from the Emerald Isle! My name is Hawkwind, and I'm an
	Irish hacker evil cackle. So, what's the hacking scene like in this
	small green island called Ireland, perched on the edge of the Atlantic
	Ocean? -an island which claims to have one of the most sophisticated
	digital phone networks in Europe, home of Eirpac (the Irish equivalent to
	Sprintnet/Telenet) and lots of other weird and wonderful things like
	that.

	Well, the hacking scene, like the country itself, is small
	-there are no elite in Ireland. -or if there are they are so elite that
	nobody has heard of them. So if you're only into elite stuff, then
	don't bother reading on, skip onto the next country.

	Also, sadly at the moment, there seems to be little interest in
	hacking in Ireland -I can count the number of Irish hackers I know on
	the fingers of one hand. Maybe I'm just hanging out in the wrong places,
	or perhaps its the Iron Hand of Ireland's own Little Brother, friend and
	follower of the U.S's Big Brother, enforcing his evil ways of censorship
	and the like upon us all, denying us the right to free information.
	Nationwide censorship of Usenet hurts like dry ice, but restricting ftp
	and telnet out of the country to the privileged few, is the fatal
	crunch. Now, I ask you, with grief like this, is it any wonder so few
	Irish have made it into the Computer Underground -to those that have
	beaten the odds, I wish them well.

	OK, so what do Irish hackers like to hack? Like many hackers we
	just have the curiosity and desire to explore any system or network we
	come across -the everlasting search for that spine-tingling adrenaline
	rush when you've beaten the system and got somewhere where perhaps no
	commoner has gone before -don't ever ask us to choose between getting
	well drunk, having sex, or hacking --it would be a rough choice.

	Let me start by telling you of what I find an interesting moment
	in Irish hacking history. -to you it may just seem like no big deal, but
	we kinda like it.
	There is a type manufacturing company in Dublin, Ireland and
	they like to make tyres--in order not to ruin any reputations we won't
	mention any names--just another tyre company. Now this company likes
	nice modern systems--big colorful display panels with lots of flashing
	lights, to keep their managers happy and amused for hours. A happy
	company is lots of happy striving workers and so, a big flashy sign
	which displayed the number of tyres being produced, and dutifully
	counted upwards every time one come off the assembly line, was
	constructed. So they had a big sign inside the plant so the workers
	could see how hard they were working, and big bonuses and lots of
	presents were promised if they got past a certain number in a day.
	There was also a large juicy sign outside the plant showing this number
	so that the general public could be suitably impressed with the busy-bee
	workers and the number of tyres being produced.

	And all these signs and computers controlling them were
	connected to such mysteries as a network with a couple of black boxes
	which management proudly called modems -enter stage left, Irish
	hackers, deep bow and evil wave

	So you can imagine, one warm sunny summer's evening, when there
	was really nothing better to do in Dublin, strange things started to
	happen at the tyre factory. Yes, strange things indeed. Suddenly the
	workers got very lazy and started slowing down their production,
	becoming slower and slower and slower. The numbers stopped counting up
	on the glowing sign. Then the digits oddly started counting backwards.
	Down they went, getting faster and faster -people began to picture
	enraged workers destroying tyres in a crazed frenzy. Soon our sign
	showed that there were no tyres left and it began to dive into negative
	numbers of tyres. The passers-by scratched their heads in astonishment.

	Ah, but enough fun -this really was a very good tyre company
	with very hard-working workers. They deserve lots of bonuses -heck,
	didn't someone say this was the most productive factory in Europe? Well
	it was that day anyway! evil cackle So the signs stopped counting
	backwards, and suddenly began to race forwards like there was no
	tomorrow. The workers were scurrying back and forth at lightening speed
	-one hundred, two hundred..a thousand...ten thousand...what, a hundred
	thousand! Soon our good workers had produced more tyres in the space of
	20 minutes, than visitors Disneyland had in 25 years...

	Ah yes, these are the things that Irish hackers like to do -we
	still wonder if the management gave all those good workers their
	bonuses??

	So really, we like to investigate or hack anything that we might
	stumble across -anything from the local University library computer to
	tyre companies to networks in lands far away. One of the things we
	really like doing is just exploring, hopping from one network to the
	next, using computers in such awed places as the U.S., Canada or Mexico,
	this is probably because for us, even to reach such computers and
	networks is an achievement, that our Little Brother would deny us had he
	his evil ways. We think that the Internet is one of the greatest
	creations in a long time, and we would never want to do any malicious
	damage on such a free association -if only our Little Brother would let
	us associate freely with it, instead of making life just that little bit
	more difficult. We find Sprintnet and other connected goodies
	interesting prowling grounds, although we are the first to admit that we
	still have very much to learn here. To explore these systems is very
	interesting for us, because they are so far away and in such interesting
	lands that we may never see ourselves -what to you might be the old U.S.,
	to explore the nets there gives us a sense of excitement and a variety
	of systems that cannot be found on such a small island as our own
	Ireland.

	And of course, there is the never-ending quest for U.S. outdials
	in the hope that one day we might actually reach some of the fabled U.S.
	h/p boards and actually meet a real Fed or two. snicker Turning from
	the strictly hacking scene for the moment there are some Irish people
	interested in the phones and other phun things -a while back two
	college guys were busted for cracking an eleven digit code on some new
	phone system chip or something, which had given them unlimited dialling
	access and other phun privileges. -then there was the magic toll free
	number which for a month or two gave the Irish population unlimited
	access to the outside world (a big thank-you goes to whoever worked that
	one out. grin) I'm told from reliable sources that we have a pretty
	sophisticated phone system, a matter we soon hope to be investigating,
	but this does not seem to have stopped phreakers from trying, and if we
	manage to work anything out, we'll, as our 'Telecom Eireann' so aptly
	put it 'Keep in touch across the world'.

	Sadly, we are plagued by outrageous phone charges, even for
	local calls and hence many Irish boards have failed to blossom -of
	those that do, the sysops seem to be little interested in h/p talk and I
	know of no dedicated h/p Irish board.

	There also used to be a type of Underground meeting that occurred
	every dark rainy Sunday afternoon, down in the Ormond, a hotel in Dublin
	city centre. It passed unheeded under the guise of a computer club, but
	the bloke who ran it was a renowned con-man, and dealer of everything
	and anything from car radios to Rolex watches -in any event the club
	must have been one of the biggest WareZ swapping centres, including all
	the latest videos from the U.S. which would not be released in the
	cinemas(movies) here until six months later. Generally people
	interested in the same computer type things just got together to chat
	and swap the latest news, disks and videos -an interesting place with
	interesting folks, which sadly no longer seems to happen. Perhaps
	someone will revive something similar in the near future.

	Well, I'll end the tale there for the moment. Hopefully you've
	gotten a little flavor of our little Underground, watched over by our
	Little Brother, in our little country called Ireland. I'm not sure how
	I ended up writing this article, but since nobody else stepped forward, I
	thought Ireland should at least get some kind of mention, if nothing
	else -so you can /dev/null any flames.

	Before I sign off, I'd just like to thank Phrack not only for
	giving me the chance to tell my tale, but for supplying us with a great
	publication and guide to the Underground. Finally, if you are an Irish
	hacker/phreaker, then get in touch now!!! -I really want to be able to say
	that I can count the number of Irish hackers I know on two hands, and not
	just one, before the end of the decade! Also, I am always interested in
	talking to anyone interested in the hack/phreak world so get in touch if
	you want to chat -just remember, we are no elite!
	(I don't suppose anyone out there, knows anything about the Irish phone
	system? shrugs)

	Ok, I can be reached at the following, for the next little while:
	(Yes, I do have Irish a/c's but not for thine eyes...)

	al575@yfn.ysu.edu
	hawkwind@m-net.ann-arbor.mi.us
	hawkwin@santafe.edu (note: no 'd' at end userid)


	I'm also sometimes on IRC, and may hopefully be on phantom soon.
	Well, as we say in Ireland, good luck and may the road rise up before
	you.

	Slan Leat,
	Hawkwind.

	*****************************************************************************


	Canada
	All is Quiet on the Northern Front

	Written and compiled by Synapse

	Welcome to the barren wastes or rather the undeveloped wastes if
	you will. Welcome to Canada. A realm seldom traveled and less
	often explored. Canada, or .ca if you will, is virgin country in
	the net. There are places that have been sitting idle for years
	on our nets that still have default accounts in use. There is an
	unmeasurable amount of data out there waiting to be tapped. The
	possibilities in this are endless, Canada is untouched for the
	most part, and as developed networks go, I feel that Canada is as
	close to The 'Undiscovered country' as you can get.

	Most likely if you are reading this article you will be of a
	nationality other than Canadian. If so, perhaps this will be an
	educational experience for you. To explain our nets and our scene
	here in the far far north, I must first explain our nation and
	its greatest difficulty, it has NO identity, therefore it tends
	to mirror those it is enamored with. Hence our scene resembles
	an amalgamation of whatever seems popular in the nets at a given
	time. Most often it attempts somewhat miserably to emulate the
	scene south of our border, the great U S of A. And in short it
	fails miserably.

	This is not to say that Canada does not have a scene of its own
	nor is it attempting to take away from those scenes that have
	developed fully on their own within .ca. It is simply bringing to
	light a problem that plagues our scene and dilutes it for those
	who are serious about the computer underground, and whatever
	ideals it may contain.

	If you travel the nets in Canada you will find that dissent and
	"ElYtEeGoStRoKInG" are staple with both the Hacking and Warez
	scenes all throughout the nine provinces and 2 territories. As I
	am sure you know this is not a problem unique to .ca. However in
	a scene as minute and spread painfully thin as ours, arrogance
	and mis-communication can be fatal in the way of cooperation
	gaps. This has proved the case many times in the recent past, and
	I am sure it will in the near future as well.

	Canada seems to a have a communication barrier that separates
	east from west. There is simply close to no communications
	between the two. It is as if we are in separate hemispheres and
	lost to the technology of fibber optics and damned to smoke
	signals and drum beating. I have to wonder sometimes if both
	sides are so involved in their own local power struggles, that
	the rest of the world has melted away including their country men
	on either side.

	Alas it is time to dive into this the this of the article. To
	detail the complete underground in Canada would be impossible for
	me to do, to even give a non-biased view would be impossible. So
	if you feel that this is simply an overextended opinion, thank
	IBM for the PgDn key and spare yourself some opinionated text.

	The Almost LODs of .ca

	Just like the U.S., Canada is proliferated with umpteen amounts
	of upstart groups who after reading some trashy second rate book
	on LOD or Kevin Mitnick, have decided that they have found what
	it is to be elyte. Most often these will be the prominent voices
	on underground boards spitting flame and stroking immeasurably
	unhealthy egos, and boasting how proficient they are with toneloc
	and Killer Cracker. However as with most boasts put forth by
	fourteen year olds, nothing comes of it.

	However if you can manage passage through the quagmire of shit
	that serves as the .ca scene, then you will most likely encounter
	some of .ca's more serious minded types who while retaining
	talent and a penchant for learning, do not sport an ego of
	astronomical proportions, and wit that would bring condescension
	from an ant. The following is a short list of several of .ca's
	more prominent if not more talented groups.

	RaBID The Virus People

	If the Virus world is your environment, then most likely you
	have stumbled across the work of RaBID, hopefully not on the
	receiving end.. Rabid is based out of 416 or rather Toronto
	Canada, at it's prime Rabid was running a mail net that spanned
	Canada and were releasing enough material to employ the boys at
	McAfee. Things have changed. While Rabid had at one point been a
	productive group (if you can call a virus group productive) time
	seems to have worn their edge, in fact Rabid as a group have
	failed to release anything of value in a great long time. Perhaps
	this will change. If nothing else Rabid did bring a much needed
	ego boost to the Canadian scene, in doing so they opened the door
	for other such groups to be seen on the international level with
	out being laughed out of the nets. For this if nothing else they
	deserve recognition. There is a great deal more to be said about
	Rabid, however as I said all the information given here will be
	cursory, if you require an information at all in the future on
	Rabid or any of the groups mentioned below I will leave an e-mail
	address below where you can write me, I will help you if I can.

	FOG out of 403 Calgary, Alberta

	No scene is complete without talented juveniles given to temper
	tantrums virus spreading and general malicious behavior..Enter
	FOG. FOG stands for the Fist Of God, it is for the most part a
	group of individuals who go through unnatural amounts of effort
	to get under the skin of others. Yet beyond juvenile behavior
	that tends to underscore most endeavors they undertake. FOG does
	for the most part work very diligently for a united .ca scene.
	They have in the past run a nation wide net using encrypted mail
	procedures so that dialogue could be opened between the east and
	western scenes. This event was stopped when the Hubs house was
	raided by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for suspected telco
	abuse, they were no charges laid however yet the organizers felt
	that the information passing through the net was much too
	valuable to be compromised by a bust. The net was killed.

	After the net disappeared several members of FoG began writing
	bbs software to be spread across the country to make networking
	easier or rather standardized. The bbs also includes encryption
	options for the mail, and will soon be HAM radio as well as
	cellular modem capable. This program is available to any who wish
	to take it, as I said earlier, just mail me.

	NuKE Making Art out of Arrogance

	NuKE hails from 516 Montreal, Canada. It as far as I can see
	primarily now a virus group. Producing and modifying strains, for
	the most part NuKE has been the most active underground .ca group
	that has seen movement on an international level, with this past
	year.

	It's membership has changed quite severely since I last had
	contact with them. Therefore I fear that to publish anything else
	on them would be inaccurate and therefore an injustice. However
	if you are interested in pursuing this topic........Mail me.


	As you can see these are cursory overviews of Canada's groups it
	is of course largely incomplete, I provided it only to serve as a
	guide for the feeling of Canada's groups. There are of course
	many worth mentioning that I failed to show, and moreover there
	is a great deal more to the groups that I did mention. To those
	who are in the above groups are unhappy with the opinion put
	forth please by all means FUCKOFF. I e-mailed all of you, and in
	your infallible wisdom you failed to reply. So suffer with it :>

	.ca and the law

	While Canada has been for the most part largely un-abused by the
	'Computer Criminal'. It's laws are none the less fairly advanced.
	Our legislators to their credit have kept a close eye on our
	neighbors in the south, and have introduced laws accordingly.

	The following is the Canadian criminal code as pertaining to
	Computer Crime.

	342.1
	(1) Every one who, fraudulently and without color of right,
	(a) obtains, directly or indirectly, any computer service,
	(b) by means of an electro-magnetic, acoustic, mechanical
	or other device, intercepts or causes to be intercepted,
	directly or indirectly, any function of a computer system, or,
	(c) uses or causes to be used, directly or indirectly, a
	computer system with intent to commit an offense under
	paragraph (a) or (b) or an offense under section 430 in
	relation to data or a computer system
	is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to
	imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or is
	guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
	(2) In this section, "computer program" means data representing
	instructions or statements that, when executed in a computer
	system, causes the computer to perform a function;
	"computer service" includes data processing and the
	storage or retrieval of data; "computer system" means
	a device that, or a group of interconnected or related
	devices one or more of which,
	(a) contains computer programs or other data, and
	(b) pursuant to computer programs,
	(i) performs logic and control, and
	(ii) may perform any other function;
	"data" means representation of information or of concepts
	that are being prepared or have been prepared in a form
	suitable for use in a computer system;
	"electro-magnetic, acoustic, mechanical or other device"
	means any device or apparatus that is used or is capable of
	being used to intercept any function of a computer system,
	but does not include a hearing aid used to correct subnormal
	hearing of the user to not better than normal hearing;
	"function" includes logic, control, arithmetic, deletion,
	storage and retrieval and communication of telecommunication to,
	from or within a computer system; "intercept" includes listen
	to or record a function of a computer system, or acquire the
	substance, meaning or purport thereof.

	430.
	[...]
	(1.1) Every one commits mischief who willfully
	(a) destroys or alters data;
	(b) renders data meaningless, useless or ineffective;
	(c) obstructs, interrupts or interferes with the lawful
	use of data; or
	(d) obstructs, interrupts or interferes with any person
	in the lawful use of data or denies access to data
	to any person who is entitled to access thereto.
	[...]

	(8) In this section, "data" has the same meaning as in
	section 342.1.

	As you can see our criminal code carries severe penalties for
	both Hacking and Virus spreading however, there is little
	precedent to set sentences by. While this is reassuring, there
	seems to be a new trends to prosecute those who are caught at
	computer crime. Moreover it seems to be a trend to prosecute with
	setting precedence in mind.. So for those of you in .ca who have
	busted recently I would begin to fear right about now.

	For the most part most computer crime in Canada that results in
	busts is telco related, most often the charges are federal but
	the sentences are light, however as I said before, this is
	changing. And will continue to change with each new bust ,
	welcome to the new dawn I suppose.

	Datapac, Canada's first net

	As it stands Datapac is Canada's largest and most used
	network, it is old archaic and slow, yet still it is immense
	amounts of fun to play with. The following is a technical excerpt
	to help you understand the operation of Datapac and how to
	maneuver it. Those of you who are already familiar with the
	workings of this type of network will find this dry and
	repetitive for those of you who are not familiar it may make for
	some learning.

	After the manual entry you will find a list of interesting sites
	to explore with, enjoy....

	Datapac 3101 "Welcome to the Dark Ages"

	Interface (ITI) in a Packet Assembler/Disassembler (PAD), which
	allows the devices to access the Network over dial-up (DDD) or Dedicated
	Access Lines.

	ITI, the end-to-end protocol for Datapac 3101, conforms to the
	CCITT recommendations X.3, X.28 and X.29 and supports access to the
	Datapac Network for asynchronous, start-stop character mode terminals.

	X.3 specifies the operation of the PAD. It contains the
	specifications for the twenty-two International parameters and
	their operation.

	X.25 specifies the command language between the terminal and
	the PAD. It also specifies the conditions which define the command
	mode and the data transfer mode.

	X.29 specifies the procedures to be followed by an X.25 DTE
	to access and modify the parameters in the PAD as well as the data
	transfer procedure.

	The Datapac 3101 service provides for terminal to Host (user's
	computer) and terminal to terminal communication. The Host access
	should conform with the X.25 protocol, using the Datapac 3000 access
	service, and also support the higher level protocol conventions for ITI.
	Host access may also be provided via the Datapac 3101 service for some
	applications. The Datapac 3101 service also provides block mode and
	tape support.

	INTERNATIONAL PAD PARAMETERS
	----------------------------

	1) Ability to Escape from Data Transfer State*

	The setting of this parameter allows the user to interrupt
	the communication of his or her application (data transfer mode) and
	interact with the PAD (common mode). The character to do this is
	"ControlJP". To return to data transfer mode, press the carriage
	return or enter a blank command line. If the user wants to send a
	"ControlJP" to the Host, with this parameter set set to one, simply
	hit ControlJP twice and the second ControlJP will go to the Host and
	the user will remain in data transfer mode. This also applies to
	the user data field in the call request command line.

	Parameter Number: 1
	Possible Values: 0 = Escape not possible.
	1 = Escape is possible.

	*Note: Escape from Data transfer mode may also be possible using
	the break signal if parameter seven is set to eight.


	2) Echo*

	This parameter indicates to the PAD whether or not the
	terminal input data must be echoed. This may be required if the user's
	terminal cannot echo back what is being entered.

	Parameter Number: 1
	Possible Values: 0 = No echo.
	1 = Echo.

	*Note: Echo will also be affected by the setting of Parameter 20.


	3) Selection of Data Forwarding Signal

	This parameter indicates to the PAD the set to terminal
	generated characters or conditions that will cause data to be forwarded
	to the destination. For example, (CR) can be used as a data forwarding
	signal on receipt of a (CR) from the local DTE Y, the PAD will forward all
	characters in its buffer to the remote end, including the (CR). If P13 is
	set to 6.7, 22 or 23, a (LF) will be included in the packet and will delimit
	it. Data is also forwarded when the buffer is full whether or not a
	forwarding character is received.

	Parameter Number: 3
	Possible Values: 0 = No data forwarding signal.
	2 = Forward on carriage return.
	2 = Carriage return.
	126 = All characters in columns 0 and 1
	of ASCII table and the character
	del of International alphabet #5.


	4) Selection of Idle Timer Delay

	This parameter is used to determine the idle timer limit
	value when data forwarding is based on timeouts. To optimize packetizing
	of data, no data forwarding signal need be specified. The PAD will then
	packetize data based on packet size specified (256 or 128 characters).
	The idle timer is used to send any packets that are not fully filled.
	If idle timer is activated and the Host requires the (CR) to input data,
	it still must be provided before the data send is accepted by the Host.
	The idle timer does not send any empty packets.


	Parameter Number: 4
	Possible Values: 0 = No data forwarding on timeout is
	required.
	1-255 = Indicates value of the delay in
	twenties of a second. (i.e., a
	value of 250 makes the time wait
	10 seconds)

	*Note: When editing is on (P15:1), the idle timer is inactive.
	If this is the only data forwarding condition, turning the editing function
	on could cause a user terminal to hand or data not to be forwarded.

	5) Auxiliary Device Control*

	This is used for flow control of data coming from either a
	PC or auxiliary device, e.g.: a paper tape machine. When set to
	1 it indicates to the PAD that the data is to be read an auxiliary
	I/O device connected to the terminal. This parameter set to 2 indicates
	that the data is coming from an intelligent device, i.e., a PC, and that
	the PAD must exert flow control differently.

	Parameter Number: 5
	Possible Values: 0 = No use of X-on/X-off.
	1 = Use of X-on/X-off for auxiliary
	devices.
	2 = Use of X-on/X-off for
	intelligent terminals.

	*Note: A value of 2 is recommended for PC's.


	6) Suppress Network Messages

	This parameter indicates to the PAD whether or not Network
	generated messages are to be transmitted to the terminal.

	Parameter Number: 6
	Possible Values: 0 = Suppress message.
	1 = Transmit message.
	5 = PAD prompt (*) follows Datapac
	service signals.

	7) Procedure on Break

	This parameter is used to indicate how the PAD should
	process a break signal that is received from the terminal
	while the terminal is in data transfer state.

	Parameter Number: 7
	Possible Values: 0 = Nothing. (remain in data transfer
	mode)
	1 = Interrupt. (remain in data
	transfer mode)
	2 = Reset. (remain in data transfer
	mode)
	4 = Send an "indication of break"
	message to the packet mode DTE.
	(remain in data transfer mode)
	8 = Escape from data transfer mode
	(i.e., enter command mode)
	16 = Discard output to terminal
	activate Parameter 8 (P8:1)
	(remain in data transfer mode)
	21 = A combination of 1, 4 and 16.


	*Note: The break signal is ignored if the virtual circuit is not
	established while in command state. The break signal will delete
	the current line.

	The valid values for P7 are 0, 1, 2, 8 and 21.

	8) Discard Output

	This parameter is used in conjunction with Parameter 7.
	Depending upon the break procedure selected, this parameter may be
	set by the PAD when the terminal user requests that terminal data be
	discarded. This parameter must then be reset by the destination
	computer to allow normal delivery. The PAD will discard all packets
	destined for the terminal from the time the PAD sets this parameter
	(i.e., it receives a break signal when Parameter 7 is set to 21) to
	the time the parameter is reset by the destination. It can only be
	reset by the destination.

	Parameter Number: 8
	Possible Values: 0 = Normal delivery of output to
	terminal.
	1 = Discard output to terminal.

	9) Padding after Carriage Return

	This parameter is used to specify the number of padding
	characters to be inserted by the PAD following a CR transmitted
	to the terminal. Padding allows time for the carriage to return
	on mechanical printing devices.


	Parameter Number: 9
	Possible Values: 0 = 2 padding characters will be
	inserted at 110 bps and 4
	padding characters will be
	inserted at higher speeds, in
	command mode only. (no padding
	is done in data transfer mode)
	1-255 = The number of padding characters
	to be inserted in both data
	transfer and command mode.

	10) Line Folding

	This parameter indicates the maximum number of printable
	characters that can be displayed on the terminal before the PAD must
	send a format effector (i.e.., <CR><LF>). This permits more data to
	be transmitted in one packet while still letting the user print out
	more than one line, i.e., printing out forms.

	11) Transmission Speed (Read only)

	This parameter is set by the PAD as a result of transmission
	speed detection if the terminal accesses an autobaud port. When a
	private port with fixed speed is used, this parameter is set based
	on the pre-stored information selected at subscription time.

	Parameter Number: 11
	Possible Values: 0 = 110 bps
	2 = 300 bps
	3 = 1200 bps
	4 = 2400 bps
	This is all very dry stuff (what buffer isn't?) however if you need more
	info on it simply mail me.

	NUA list
	20500011 Bell Northern Research
	39400100 Envoy (English/Francais)
	30400101 Envoy (Anglais/French)
	39500032 Globe and Mail
	41100015,I Infoglobe
	59600072 University of Athabasca
	60100010 Universtiy of Alberta
	67100752 ?
	67100673 ?
	20400177 QL
	29400138 Tymnet CIS02 7770,101 'free demo'
	20401338 Tymnet
	41100043 CSG Infoglobe
	73500023 KN Computer MCT
	59100092 Keyano College (Alberta)
	72400014 System Max-Daisey (VAX/VMS)
	69100018 Cybershare
	55500010 ?
	29400263 ?
	29400263 ?
	67100086 Sears
	67100132 Primenet
	67100489 Terminal ID=VAX
	67100629 (VAX/VMS)
	67100632 McKim Advertising (Vancouver)
	93200233 University of Manitoba
	79400100 Envoy Info/Mailbox
	92100086 Datapac General Info
	20500011 Canole II

	I have kept a number of sites I have, off this list simply
	to ensure I keep them, however there are thousands of Virgin
	sites available off of Dpac. Something to keep your eyes open for
	are Canadian government machines which are fairly abundant on the
	Dpac.

	Beyond Dpac, there are some actual BBS's worth calling, most
	however would rather not have there numbers published in Phrack. None
	the less here are some stable, and relatively active BBS's:

	The Underground Subway 606-590-1147
	Gridpoint 403-283-5519
	The G-spot (Rabid HQ) 416-256-9017
	Front 242 (VX)(Rabid) 416-790-6632

	I am sorry for what this article did not cover, in the umpteen or so
	pages I have punched up, I still have covered not even a tenth
	of what I would like to cover. For those who wish a reliable UG
	bbs for list .ca or more info on the Dpac or wish to elicit any other
	response to this article please e-mail me at besaville@sait.ab.ca

	*********************************************************************

	The German Scene
	(by SevenUp)
	----------------

	CCC
	---

	Talking about the German Hacker Scene, the Chaos Computer Club (CCC) comes
	to most people's mind. They are most famous for their 'NASA-Hack' and their
	publications like Hackerbibel and Datenschleuder, a monthly magazine talking
	about 'softer' stuff than 2600, such as MUD's, the Internet and BBS'es.

	They organize the annual Chaos Communication Congress, held annually
	from December, 27th till 29th in Hamburg. Usually around 1000 people show up
	there, discussing many different topics, such as Phreaking, Internet,
	Women and Computer, Cellular Phones, Phone Cards and others. Many well-known
	people, like Pengo and Professor Brunnstein the meeting. There are usually
	also shows of Horror Movies (but no porns like at HohoCon), but it's not
	a real 'party' like SummerCon or the upcoming Hacktic Party.

	Another annually meeting from CCC members and many other hackers is at the
	huge computer fare 'CeBit' in Hannover in March. The Get Together is at the
	Telekom booth on Tuesday at 4pm. Usually Telekom (the German phone company)
	representatives are very kind, give away phone cards (value: $4), but
	usually don't have any interesting new informations.

	There haven't been any hacks affiliated with the CCC for the last couple of
	years. The CCC tries to get away from their former criminal image, talking
	mostly about risks of computers in society, and producing lots of press
	releases.

	The KGB Hack
	------------

	Most of you might know "The Cuckoo's Egg" by Cliff Stoll. His exciting
	novel talks about German Hackers hacking for the KGB.
	These guys were using the German x.25 network Datex-P to get to a US
	University, and from there to several hosts on the Arpa/Milnet (Internet).
	They were using mostly basic knowledge to get into several UNIX and VMS
	Systems, reading personal Mail and looking for documents the 'Russians'
	might have been interested in.

	It all ends up with the suicide (murder?) of Karl Koch, one of the hackers.
	Although these hackers weren't CCC members, there is a pretty good book
	from the CCC about it, containing more facts than Cliff's book:
	"Hacker fuer Moskau", published by Wunderlich.

	This is probably the best known German hack of all times.

	Networks
	--------

	I. x.25

	The German x.25 System is called 'Datex-P' and has the DNIC (2624).
	Dialups are in almost every area code, or can be reached locally from
	everywhere. There are also Tymnet and Sprintnet Dialups available in
	the major cities, with some limitations though. Tymnet won't connect you
	to dpac (Datapac Canada). Sprintnet has just a true dialup in Frankfurt,
	the other dialups are handled by their partner Info AG, which allow
	calling most RNUAs, but most Sprintnet NUIs won't work.

	There is a 'Subnet' in the Datex-P Network, the so called 'WiN'
	(which means scientific network). Almost all universities have connections
	to the WiN, which means they pay a flat rate each month, which allows
	them to make as many calls and transfer as much data to other WiN hosts,
	as they like. Usually x.25 rates are charged by the volume of packages/data.
	You can identify WiN addresses easily, because they start with
	(0262)45050... There are many gateways from WiN to Internet, and also a few
	from Internet to WiN. WiN NUAs can be reached without problem from any x.25
	network in the world, like Sprintnet or Tymnet; though most WiN PADs will
	refuse to connect to non-WiN NUAs.

	There are also a couple of German systems, international hackers used to like.
	The most-famous is probably Lutzifer in Hamburg, Germany. It can still
	be reached from x.25 Networks like Sprintnet or Tymnet.
	Around two years ago, British, American and other hackers used to trade
	all kinds of codez on "Lutz". But now, Pat Sisson ("frenchkiss") from Sprintnet
	Security and Dale Drew ("Bartman") from Tymnet Security, try to track
	down everyone abusing their NUIs or PADs.

	Before Lutzifer went up 2.5 years ago, tchh and Altos Munich were most
	attractive. They were running the same simple Korn-Chat on an Altos.
	There are still a couple of other x.25 Systems, which attract hackers
	from all over the world, like qsd, Pegasus (in France and Switzerland) and
	Secret Tectonics / sectec, a rather new semi-private Board in Germany with
	x.25 and Direct Phone Dialups, uucp/Internet Mail, File and Message Bases and
	all Phrack Issues as well.

	II. Internet

	But now, most hackers quit the x.25 scene and tried to get onto Internet.
	Unlike the fast Internet connections in the USA between .edu sites,
	German Internet connections are mostly routed through slow (9.6kbps or 64k)
	x.25 Links.

	This is mostly the fault of the German phone company 'Telekom'. They have a
	monopoly on phone lines in Germany and charge 2-10 times higher fees than
	American phone co's. Even local calls are US$1.50/hour.

	There aren't many German Internet Sites that attract foreign hackers,
	compared to US Sites that German Hackers are interested in.

	There are almost no public Internet BBSes with free access in Germany.
	Also, German Universities have often a pretty tight security and get
	mad easily.

	III. Amiga Kiddos

	BBS'es are still the major hang-out besides IRC. The Amiga Scene with
	its K-rad Kiddos (most of them under 18 years) used to be dominant a
	couple of years ago, trading Calling Cards and new Blue Box frequencies
	to call the best boards in the US to leech the latest games.
	But recently, the IBM scene caught up and many guys switched from Amiga
	to IBM; so over 50% of pirate boards are IBM boards now.

	But recently, BBS sysops have to face hard times. A couple of months
	ago, lots of BBS'es in Berlin, but also in Bavaria and North Germany
	got 'busted' - raided by the police because of their illegal warez.
	(see my article in Phrack 42 about it) The man behind these actions
	is the lawyer 'Guenther Freiherr von Gravenreuth', who works for Acti-
	vision, the SPA and BSA. He is tracking down kids with piracy as recklessly
	as BBS Sysops, who sell subscriptions for a 'Disabled Upload/Download Ratio'
	for around $100 a month. There have been a couple of these trials lately,
	without much notice by the press. Mr Gravenreuth is also responsible for
	many people's fear to put up a new BBS - especially in Bavaria where he lives.

	Also, calling the favorite Board in the US is getting harder and harder,
	as covered in the next Chapter.

	IV. The Phone System

	Blueboxing used to be the favorite sport of many German traders for the
	last couple of years. But some phreakers wanted to make more money,
	selling the Bluebox Story to Magazines like Capital or Spiegel, or to
	TV Shows. Even AT&T and the German Telecom, who seemed to be blind about
	this phreaking, couldn't avoid facing the truth now - they had to do
	something, not only to recover from the huge losses, but also to save
	their reputation.

	There are a lot of rumors and text files about the actions these phone
	companies took; most of them are fakes by 'eleet' people, who don't want
	the 'lamers' to keep the trunks and the eleet boards busy. But some actions
	seem to be certified; e. g. Telekom bought some intelligent filter boxes
	from British Telecom. These boxes should detect any C5 tones (especially
	2600 Hz), being sent by phreakers; and log the number of the phreaker,
	if possible.

	If possible, because the Telekom doesn't have ANI in most cases. Until
	recently, all phone lines used to be analog, pulse dialing lines
	with huge relay switches. Then the Telekom started switching to 'modern'
	digitally switched lines, which allow Touch-Tone-Dialing, and also a few
	other nice features, which I want to cover now.

	One of these nice features 'died' just about 3 weeks ago, because someone
	informed the new magazine 'Focus'.

	The trick was very simple. All you need was a digital line which allowed
	you to dial touch tone, and a 'Silver Box' - a device, that allows you to
	dial the digits 0...9, #, * and also A, B, C and D - many modems have
	this capability too.

	All you had to do was to dial 'B' + 'xxx' + 'yyyy', where 'B' is the
	Silver Tone B, 'xxx' is an internal Telekom code, and 'yyyy' are the last
	four digits of a phone number. The internal codes 'xxx' usually look like
	010, 223, 011, and so on - they switch you to an exchange, mostly in your
	own area code, but often in a different one! Notice that exchange number and
	internal code are different. When you are connected to a certain exchange,
	dialing the four 'yyyy' digits connects you to a certain phone number in
	that exchange. This enables you to make free calls - also to different area
	codes, but you have to try around to find which code matches with which
	exchange. But that's not all; now the fun just begins! Imagine the number
	you dial is busy... you won't hear a busy signal then, you would just be
	connected into the call! You could listen to the conversation of two parties!
	Imagine how much fun this could be... and imagine someone would be listening
	to your private conversations!

	When Telekom read the article, most area codes lost this capability;
	but there are still some reported to work.

	Blueboxing is getting harder and harder, MCI and AT&T keep on changing their
	'Break' frequencies more rapidly (though they still use in-band CCITT C5
	signalling); so more and more people offer Calling Card subscriptions, and
	even more traders, who refuse paying Telekom's high fees, buy them. They
	are offered mostly by Americans, Belgium people and Germans, for about $100
	a month. Also, I haven't heard of any case where a German got busted for
	abusing AT&T's Calling Cards; probably because Telekom can't really trace
	phones lines, either technically nor legally (they may not just 'tap' phone
	lines because of people's privacy).

	Also, German Toll Free Numbers (they start with 0130) are getting more and
	more. I would take a guess and say they grow 20%-80% a year. There isn't any
	official directory nor a directory assistance for these numbers, and many
	companies want these numbers to remain 'unknown' to the evil hackers, since
	Telekom is asking high fees for them.

	So many Germans compile and scan these numbers; there is also a semi-public
	list on them by SLINK - available on many BBS'es and on local German Newsgroups.
	This list also contains numbers of business companies like Microsoft,
	Hewlett Packard or Dell in Austin (hi erik :) ), so it is quite useful for
	'normal people' too.

	There have also been reported the first PBX-like Systems in Germany; this is
	quite a sensation, because German Telekom laws don't allow PBX'es, or even the
	linking of two phone lines (like 3-way calling). So in fact, these Systems
	weren't real PBX'es, but Merial Mail VMB Systems with the Outdial feature.

	PaRtY 0n!
	---------

	There are a couple of interesting get-togethers and parties.
	I mentioned the annual Chaos Communication Congress after Christmas;
	the CCC also has weekly meetings on Tuesday. There are the annual
	CeBIT hacker parties, on the Tuesday at CeBIT in March. After the
	CeBIT meeting and weekly, there are get-togethers at the 'Bo22',
	a cafe in Hannover. These meetings have tradition since the KGB
	Hacks of Pengo and 'Hagbard Celine' Karl Koch, as I mentioned above.
	You will still find friends of them there, if you drop by on a Tuesday.
	Since a couple of months and with Emmanuel Goldstein's great support,
	we are having 2600 meetings in Munich, Germany too! These are the first
	2600 meetings outside of the US; the first meeting was quite successful
	with over 30 people, and the next one in July will be successful too,
	hopefully. Some international visitors from the US are expected, too.
	These meetings are held at around 6pm in front of Burger King at
	Central Station, Munich. I also like to thank Munich's Number One
	Hit Radio Station 89 HIT FM at this point, for letting us into the
	air for 3 minutes, talking about the 2600 meeting and a bit about 'hacking'.
	There are also semi-annual IRC parties in Germany, but they are
	'just' parties with usually 100-150 people. Hacking and phreaking
	isn't a topic there; probably less than 10% of them know what H/P means.