| ==Phrack Magazine== | |
| Volume Four, Issue Forty-Four, File 15 of 27 | |
| ()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()() | |
| A Guide to Data General Corporation's | |
| AOS/VS System | |
| PART II | |
| by Herd Beast | |
| CONINFO [console] | |
| ----------------- | |
| CONINFO shows information about a console to the user. Without an | |
| argument, it gives the user information about his console. With a | |
| parameter, and if the user has SYSTEMMANAGER privilege turned on, it | |
| gives information about the console specified as argument. The | |
| information gives changes depending as to how the console is connected: | |
| CONNECTION INFORMATION | |
| ------------------------+--------------------------------- | |
| ITC/LTC over TCP/IP Device code, engine number, | |
| line number, IP address, | |
| port number. | |
| ITC/LTC over XNS Device code, engine number, | |
| line number, CS/200 ethernet | |
| address. | |
| ((No remote address if no connection exists (on both of them).)) | |
| ITC/PVC Device code, engine number, | |
| engine address, line number, | |
| line address OR an ASCII string if | |
| the PVC type is NAME. | |
| Telnet Line number, IP address, port. | |
| Only line number if there's no current | |
| connection. | |
| IACs Device code, engine number, line | |
| number, modem flag. | |
| Duarts Device code, engine number, line | |
| number, CON0 flag. | |
| TTI/TTO Opcon Device code, engine number, line | |
| number, CON0 flag. | |
| CREATE <pathname> | |
| ----------------- | |
| CREATE creates a file (TXT or UDF). CREATE/LINK creates file links. | |
| /DATASENSITIVE | |
| Creates a file with a data sensitive record format. | |
| /DIRECTORY | |
| Creates a directory. | |
| /DYNAMIC | |
| Creates a file with a dynamic record format. | |
| /ELEMENTSIZE=x | |
| Sets the minimum amount of space by which a file can grow in 512 | |
| byte blocks. | |
| /FIXED=x | |
| Creates a file with a fixed length record format, with a | |
| length of x. | |
| /HASHFRAMESIZE=x | |
| Sets the unit into which the system divides the directory for file | |
| access to x. The default is 7. The best formula for this is: the | |
| nearest prime number (up to 157, the maximum) of the number of | |
| files / 20. | |
| /I | |
| Inserts typed text at @INPUT as the contents of the file. The | |
| input ends when a single ')' followed by a Return is typed. | |
| /INDEXLEVELS=x | |
| Sets the maximum number of data elements the file can hold to x. | |
| /LINK | |
| Creates a linked file to the second argument. For example, to link | |
| MODEM.CLI with :UTIL:NET:MODEM.CLI, use CREATE/LINK MODEM.CLI | |
| :UTIL:NET:MODEM.CLI. | |
| /M | |
| Takes the contents of the file from a macro that follows. The | |
| input ends when a single ')' followed by a Return is typed. | |
| /MAXSIZE=x | |
| Creates a control point directory of x*512 bytes (a disk block). | |
| /TYPE=t | |
| Creates a file of type t. Where t is either the right decimal | |
| number or the right 3 letter mnemonic (see the section titled | |
| "System Structure"). | |
| /VARIABLE | |
| Creates a file with variable record formats. | |
| DELETE <file> | |
| ------------- | |
| Deletes file. The opposite of CREATE. | |
| DUMP <file> [path] | |
| ------------------ | |
| DUMP dumps file from the current directory to a file. Such files can be | |
| a diskette or a magnetic tape. [path] is the template for the files to | |
| dump -- if it doesn't exist, everything will be dumped. DUMP isn't | |
| compatible with Unix; AOS/VS has a TAR command for dumping file for use | |
| in Unix. | |
| /[AFTER|BEFORE]/[TLA|TLM|TCR]=date and/or time | |
| /TYPE=[\]type | |
| These switches works just like the one in FILESTATUS. | |
| /BUFFERSIZE=x | |
| Sets the buffer to x (x is a multiply of 1024). x is given in | |
| bytes, but if specified as xK it reads a kilobytes (1 kilobyte | |
| is 1024 bytes). The larger the buffer, the more data fits on | |
| the tape. | |
| /DENSITY=[800|1600|6250|ADM|LOW|MEDIUM|HIGH] | |
| The numbers are for bits per inch. ADM means Automatic | |
| Density Matching. If one of the other values is used, there's | |
| a possibility that it won't fit in another tape unit (unit X's | |
| LOW value isn't the same as unit Y's). | |
| /FLAT | |
| Eliminates the directory structure. Otherwise, DUMP keeps the | |
| directory tree when dumping. | |
| /IBM | |
| Writes to a tape that an IBM format label, created using | |
| LABEL/I. | |
| /L[=pathname] | |
| Lists filenames dumped in pathname, or in @LIST. (See the | |
| command after LOAD, 'LISTFILE'). | |
| /NACL Don't dump ACLs, so that when reloading, the default ACL will | |
| be created. | |
| /RETAIN=x | |
| Sets the retention period. The dumpfile cannot be overwritten | |
| until x days have passed. | |
| /SEQUENTIAL | |
| Will not rewind the tape after completing the dump. | |
| /V Verify the dump by listing the dumped files. | |
| FED | |
| --- | |
| FED (moohaha), is a program, not a CLI command. FED stands for File | |
| Editor Utility, and it lets you examine locations in disk files and | |
| modify them. FED is run as XEQ FED [path]. The FED inner prompt is | |
| '_'. | |
| FED has internal keywords. They are run by using ESC <keyword> (if you | |
| can't use escape, try setting CHAR/ON/XLT/OTT and use "~}"). | |
| To understand FED well, you must be familiar with the DEBUG command and | |
| some Assembly, which seems to me is beyond the scope of this file. So | |
| if you do know what you're doing, look DEBUG up. | |
| C Run a CLI under FED. | |
| DIS Change display mode | |
| G Examine/modify ring register | |
| H Help | |
| I Define/list temporary symbols | |
| J Delete temporary symbols | |
| M Examine/modify input radix | |
| MEM Examine/modify file locations | |
| S Search disk locations | |
| T Examine/modify display mode | |
| X Enable/disable symbol table | |
| Y Enable/disable logging to a file | |
| Z Exit FED | |
| ? Display verbose error messages | |
| /I=file Use the commands in filename for the editing session. | |
| /L=file Save all FED commands/responses to file. | |
| /S=file Use file as the symbol table file. | |
| /N Don't use a symbol table file. | |
| /P Treat the disk file as a program file. | |
| /R Open for read-only. | |
| /U Treat the disk data as a user data file. | |
| /X Treat the disk file as an OS file. | |
| LOAD <file> [path] | |
| ------------------ | |
| LOAD restores files that were dumped. If LOAD is invoked from CLI32, a | |
| macro calls the DUMP_II program, which is a more advanced version of | |
| DUMP. If [path] is omitted, the entire dumpfile is loaded into the | |
| current directory (with its directory tree). | |
| /[AFTER|BEFORE]/[TLA|TLM|TCR]=date and/or time | |
| /TYPE=[\]type | |
| These switches function the same as in FILESTATUS. | |
| /BUFFERSIZE=x | |
| /DENSITY=density was already set with DUMP, use ADM if at all | |
| /FLAT | |
| /IBM | |
| /L[=path] | |
| /NACL | |
| /SEQUENTIAL | |
| /V | |
| These switches function the same as in DUMP, only in the | |
| reverse direction (for example, /NACL won't load the | |
| dumpfile's ACL and create new default -- username,OWARE | |
| -- ACLs. | |
| /DELETE | |
| Delete any existing file with matching name. | |
| /N Don't load, just list files in dumpfile. | |
| /Q Squeeze console messages and file lists (don't use tabs and | |
| more than one space). | |
| LISTFILE [path] | |
| --------------- | |
| LISTFILE sets the @LIST file (see the section titled "System Structure" | |
| for details). In short, program uses the generic file name @LIST, it | |
| will use the files specified through LISTFILE instead. | |
| /G Sets the LISTFILE to the generic @LIST. | |
| /K Sets the LISTFILE to null. | |
| /LEVEL=x Sets the LISTFILE to that of level number x LISTFILE. | |
| /P Sets the LISTFILE to the previous environment setting. | |
| PASSWORD | |
| -------- | |
| Only exists with CLI32. | |
| (For more information, see the section titled "System Structure"). | |
| /CHANGE Change the current CLI password. | |
| /PROMPT | |
| /NOPROMPT | |
| If /PROMPT, the user will have to enter his password when | |
| using LOCK (so he can't LOCK the console without a password). | |
| Otherwise, automatically locks the console when LOCK is | |
| executed. | |
| /READ=path | |
| /WRITE=path | |
| /WRITE Encrypts the CLI password and writes it to the file | |
| [path]. When /READ is issued, the encrypted password is read | |
| from the file. When a password check needs to be done, the | |
| password entered is encrypted and the encrypted forms are | |
| compared. This way, a "PASSWORD/READ=PWD" in the LOGON file | |
| can set the CLI password automatically at logon. | |
| I am not sure of the way that the password in encrypted when being saved | |
| with /WRITE. Nor, for that matter, do I have any more information about | |
| the way the login passwords are encrypted in the profiles (when and if | |
| they are). | |
| Beware of situation where PWD, for example, has the string "qwerty" in | |
| it, and you type PASSWORD/READ=qwerty. If you use LOCK, the terminal is | |
| locked forever, since "qwerty" is assumed to be the encrypted form. | |
| PROCESS <path> | |
| -------------- | |
| Creates a son process to run the program in <path>. <path> is assumed | |
| to end with .PR, and only then to be just <path>. | |
| /ACCESSDEVICES | |
| Allows the process to define and access I/O devices. Requires | |
| the Access Devices privilege as defined in the profile. | |
| /BLOCK | |
| Blocks the father CLI until the process terminates. If the | |
| CLI isn't blocked, you can use CHECKTERMS to display the | |
| process' termination message when it terminates. | |
| /BREAK | |
| Creates a break file (.BRK) if the process has an error or | |
| terminates because of one. If EXEC is TERMINATEd instead of | |
| HALTed using the HALT 'EXEC' command, it will create a .BRK | |
| file. | |
| /BSON | |
| Blocks the son process until freed with UNBLOCK. | |
| /CHLOGICALTYPE | |
| Allows the process to change its logical type (16 bit or 32 | |
| bit). Requires the Change Logical Type privilege, which, as | |
| mentioned in "System Security" is usually on. | |
| /CHPRIORITY | |
| Allows the process to change its priority. Requires Change | |
| Priority privilege. | |
| /CHTYPE | |
| Allows the process to create any other type of process and | |
| change its own process type. Requires Change Type privilege. | |
| /CHUSERNAME | |
| Allows the process to create a new process with a different | |
| username than its own. Requires Change Username privilege. | |
| /CHWSS | |
| Allows the process to change its working set size. Requires | |
| Change Working Setsize privilege. | |
| /CONSOLE[=console] | |
| Makes the new process' console the same as that of the | |
| father's console, or [console]. | |
| /CPU=x Limits CPU time for x seconds. | |
| /DACL Don't pass default ACL to the son process. | |
| /DATA[=path] | |
| Make the son's @DATA file the same as the father's, or [path]. | |
| /DEBUG Starts the son process in the debugger. | |
| /DEFAULT Gives the son process the same privileges as the father's. | |
| /DIRECTORY=path | |
| Make path the initial directory for the son process. | |
| /DUMP Appends a dump to the breakfile data. | |
| /INPUT[=path] | |
| Makes the son's @INPUT file the same as the father's, or | |
| [path]. | |
| /IOC | |
| Makes the son's @INPUT, @OUTPUT AND @CONSOLE the same as does | |
| of the father. | |
| /LIST=[path] | |
| Makes the son's @LIST file the same as the father's, or | |
| [path]. | |
| /MEMORY=x Sets the son's process maximum memory size in 2kb pages. | |
| /NAME=name | |
| Assign name to the son process. Now it can accessed both by | |
| PID and by name. | |
| /OUTPUT=path | |
| Makes the son's @OUTPUT file to be path. | |
| /PRIORITY=x | |
| Gives the process a priority of 1-511 (highest-lowest). | |
| /PREEMTIBLE | |
| /RESIDENT | |
| Makes the son process pre-emtible or resident. The default is | |
| swappable. | |
| /SONS[=x] | |
| Allows the son to create one less son process than the father, | |
| or x. | |
| /STRING | |
| Stores the termination message in the CLI string. | |
| /SUPERPROCESS | |
| /SUPERUSER | |
| Allows the son process to enter the appropriate SUPER mode. | |
| /UNLIMITEDSONS | |
| Allows the son process to create unlimited amount of sons. | |
| SED [path] | |
| ---------- | |
| SED is a program and not a CLI command and therefore run as XEQ SED ... | |
| [path] is the file to be edited. The SED inner prompt is '*'. | |
| SED is a text editor for creating and modifying files. SED's help | |
| facility is accessible by typing HELP from SED: | |
| ESCAPES ADD TEXT CHANGE TEXT DELETE TEXT LISTINGS POSITIONING | |
| ------- -------- ----------- ----------- -------- ----------- | |
| EXECUTE APPEND MODIFY DELETE LIST POSITION | |
| HELP INSERT REPLACE MOVE VIEW FIND | |
| SAVE DUPLICATE SUBSTITUTE JOIN PRINT | |
| UNDO SPLIT | |
| CUT | |
| PASTE | |
| EXITING MISC HELP WORDS | |
| ------- ---- ----------------------- | |
| ABANDON CLEAR CURSOR_CONTROL ADDRESS | |
| BYE DIRECTORY RANGE SOURCE | |
| CLI DISPLAY SEARCH_STRING DESTINATION | |
| DO SET KEYS SYNTAX | |
| SPELL SWITCHES | |
| SED's line editing keys are: | |
| Ctrl-A Move to end of line. | |
| Ctrl-B Move to end of last word. | |
| Ctrl-E Toggle insert mode. | |
| Ctrl-F Move to start of next word. | |
| Ctrl-H Move to beginning of line. | |
| Ctrl-I A tab. | |
| Ctrl-K Erase everything right of cursor (like in EMACS). | |
| Ctrl-X Move on character to the right. | |
| Ctrl-Y Move on character to the left. | |
| Ctrl-U Delete entire line. | |
| The commands are mostly self explanatory, but the format is something | |
| like this. Suppose you want to modify line #12, you'd write MODIFY 12, | |
| which will put you on line 12. Use the control keys to move about and | |
| edit the line, then press Return! If you don't press return but just | |
| escape back to the SED prompt, your changes will be lost! | |
| The same goes for most commands, if you need help, just type HELP | |
| COMMAND from the SED '*' prompt. | |
| /ED=dir Finds the SED .ED files in dir. | |
| /NO_ED Don't use .ED files. | |
| /NO_FORM_FEEDS | |
| Strip form feeds from the file. | |
| /NO_RECREATE | |
| Don't reset the date of the file after changing it. | |
| /NO_SCREEN | |
| Don't update the console automatically. | |
| /PROFILE=path | |
| path is the SED startup file, that contains legal SED | |
| commands. | |
| /WORK=dir | |
| Use this directory for SED temporary files. | |
| SEND <pid> <message> | |
| -------------------- | |
| Sends sends <message> to a user, based on the user's PID. Users' PIDs | |
| are displayed when typing WHOS. For example, SEND 2 FU I'M A HACKER. | |
| STRING [arg] | |
| ------------ | |
| Without an argument, STRING displays the contents of the CLI's string. | |
| Displayed strings have commas inserted in them instead of spaces. | |
| If an argument is present, the string is set to it. | |
| /K Set string to null. | |
| /P Set string to the the string in the previous environment (each | |
| CLI level can have a different string). | |
| SYSLOG [log file name] | |
| ---------------------- | |
| SYSLOG handles system logging activity; therefore, SYSLOG can only be | |
| run with PID 2 (the master console) or with SYSTEMMANAGER privileges | |
| turned on. "System logging" logs user information (processor usage, I/O | |
| usage) in :SYSLOG. System logging can be ran under several levels of | |
| detail, so that it may or may not record everything going on (like file | |
| accesses). "Superuser logging" are things caused by a superuser who | |
| will only be logged under the maximum detailed level; therefore, it's | |
| possible to log them separately, and not record everything else | |
| everybody else does. "Error logging", which logs power failures, hard | |
| errors and such is always on and goes to :ERROR_LOG. Finally, there's | |
| "CON0 logging", which logs all activities on the master console, in such | |
| a way, that if you view the CON0 log from CON0, the log will never | |
| end... | |
| /CON0/[START|STOP] [filename] | |
| Start or stop CON0 logging. The older CON0 log will be | |
| renamed into [filename], and a new log will be opened. | |
| Otherwise, the old log is appended to. | |
| /DETAIL=[FULL|MINIMAL] | |
| Sets (or changes) the level of detail when logging. The | |
| default is MINIMAL; FULL is mostly for security matters. | |
| /NOSOFTTAPEERRORS | |
| /SOFTTAPEERRORS | |
| Don't (or do) record soft tape errors. | |
| /RENAMEERROR | |
| Rename :ERROR_LOG to something else, and keep on logging to a | |
| new file. | |
| /START [filename] | |
| /STOP | |
| Start (or stop) logging to :SYSLOG. If [filename] is given, | |
| rename :SYSLOG to it and keep on logging to a new file. | |
| /SUPERUSER/[START|STOP] | |
| Start (or stop) Superuser logging. System logging must | |
| already be running. | |
| /VERBOSE Give a detailed status. | |
| Here's a system you wouldn't want to be on: | |
| SmSu) SYSLOG/START BEFORE_WE_WERE_HACKED | |
| SmSu) SYSLOG/DETAIL=FULL | |
| SmSu) SYSLOG/CON0=START | |
| WHO [hostname:] | |
| --------------- | |
| WHO shows information about processes. Without arguments, it shows | |
| your processes' information. If WHOS is issued, information on all the | |
| processes is displayed. The output from WHO is similar to this: | |
| Elapsed 109:21:22, CPU 0:00:35.828, I/O Blocks 0, Page Secs 22186 | |
| PID: 1 PMGR PMGR :PMGR.PR | |
| >From left to right, WHO displayed the process ID; username; console; | |
| and program pathname. | |
| WRITE [arg] | |
| ----------- | |
| Displays [arg], by default to @OUTPUT. [arg] can also be a pseudo macro | |
| such as [!USERNAME]. | |
| /FILEID=file | |
| Write [arg] to the file specified in file. | |
| /FORCE | |
| Forces the system to write immediately instead of periodically | |
| writing the files. | |
| /NONEWLINE | |
| Don't include the newline in the output. | |
| XEQ <path> | |
| ---------- | |
| XEQ is identical to EXECUTE; it executes the program in path (how QT). | |
| The path should be to a file with a PR (PRogram) suffix, although it | |
| doesn't have to include .PR. | |
| /I Takes input from @INPUT, eg from the user. To end the input, | |
| type ')' and Return. | |
| /M Takes input from a macro that follow. The input end the same | |
| way as with /I. | |
| /S Stores the termination message in a STRING instead of the | |
| terminal screen (@OUTPUT). | |
| THE 'EXEC' PROGRAM | |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| EXEC does more than just log users on. EXEC is the program that handles | |
| the AOS/VS multiuser environment. If handles user logins, but also | |
| batch, print, and networking queues, printers, and tape mount requests. | |
| To use any EXEC command, you must either have the username of the EXEC | |
| user (usually OP) or have SYSTEMMANAGER privileges on. Alternatively, | |
| if you have the right ACL (if you're the owner) of the device you're | |
| executing an EXEC command on, it will also work. | |
| EXEC commands are issued in this manner: CONTROL @EXEC COMMAND. EXEC | |
| has its own help facility, called XHELP, which gives help only on EXEC | |
| commands. | |
| These are the EXEC commands (alphabetically, once again): | |
| ACCESS CREATE HOLD PREMOUNT STOP | |
| ALIGN DEFAULTFORMS LIMIT PRIORITY TERMINATE | |
| ALLOCATE DELETE LOGGING PROMPTS TRAILERS | |
| BATCH_LIST DISABLE LPP PURGE UNHOLD | |
| BATCH_OUTPUT DISMOUNTED MAPPER QPRIORITY UNITSTATUS | |
| BINARY ELONGATE MDUMP REFUSED UNLIMIT | |
| BRIEF ENABLE MESSAGE RELEASE UNSILENCE | |
| CANCEL EVEN MODIFY RESTART VERBOSE | |
| CLOSE FLUSH MOUNTSTATUS SILENCE | |
| CONSOLESTATUS FORMS OPEN SPOOLSTATUS | |
| CONTINUE HALT OPERATOR START | |
| CPL HEADERS PAUSE STATUS | |
| ACCESS Change the ACL of files in the :PER directory. If some | |
| has OWNER access to a device or queue, he can issue an | |
| EXEC CONTROL command to it. If he had READ or WRITE | |
| access to a queue, he can display it or add jobs to it, | |
| accordingly. The default ACL is +,RW (READ/WRITE access | |
| for all users). The :PER directory contains devices | |
| (such as consoles, printers, etc) and queue jobs. | |
| ALIGN Tells the printer handler to stop printing (giving the | |
| operator a chance to align the paper). | |
| ALLOCATE Restore a tape unit to EXEC's list of mountable tape unit | |
| (will show on UNITSTATUS). | |
| BATCH_LIST Change the print queue to which a batch's listings go. | |
| BATCH_OUTPUT Change the print queue to which a batch's output go. | |
| BINARY Tells the printer handler to set or disable BINARY mode. | |
| When in binary mode, passes everything sent to the | |
| printer as-is. When binary mode is off, the printing | |
| handler catches characters and changes them so they'll | |
| have a meaning on the device. Binary mode is necessary | |
| when using a graphics printer, for example. | |
| BRIEF Opposite of VERBOSE. | |
| CANCEL Cancels a waiting queue entry. | |
| CLOSE Prevents a queue from accepting more requests. | |
| CONSOLESTATUS Displays the status of an EXEC-handled EXEC. Displays | |
| the console's name, maximum number of login tries | |
| allowed, the PID, and which user is logged on (if at | |
| all). | |
| CONTINUE Continue a device after changes (for example, running | |
| START) have been made to it. | |
| CPL Changes the number of characters per page for a device. | |
| CREATE Create a queue. | |
| DEFAULTFORMS Where the default formatting specs are. | |
| DELETE Delete a queue. | |
| DISABLE The opposite of ENABLE. | |
| DISMOUNTED Dismount a tape mounted with CONTROL @EXEC MOUNT. | |
| ELONGATE Turns elongated printing on a DASHER LP2 printer on or | |
| off. When printing in elongated printing, the characters | |
| are wide. | |
| ENABLE For more information, see the section titled "System | |
| Security". | |
| EVEN Sets the status of pagination on a printer. When on, all | |
| files are printed as if they have an even number of | |
| pages, for cosmetic reasons (all header pages come on the | |
| same fold of paper [yes, it sounds disgusting]). | |
| FLUSH Terminate the currently running job on a device or queue. | |
| FORMS Use the formatting specs in a filename for a certain | |
| printer. | |
| HALT Terminate EXEC. | |
| HEADERS Change number of headers printed when printing (default | |
| is 1). | |
| HOLD Suspends a batch or printer queue until UNHOLD is issued. | |
| LIMIT Enforces limits on CPU processor time or number of | |
| printed pages on devices or queues. | |
| LOGGING Where to send error and status messages instead of CON0, | |
| the system console. | |
| LPP Sets the number of lines per page when printing. | |
| MAPPER Tells the printing handler to use character mapping as | |
| defined in a given filename. | |
| MDUMP Suspend all other EXEC activities to create a memory dump | |
| in the :UTIL directory. | |
| MESSAGE Append a message to EXEC's log. | |
| MODIFY Modifies the parameters of an inactive queue entry. | |
| MOUNTSTATUS Displays the status of all user mount requests. | |
| OPEN Opens a queue to receive user requests. | |
| OPERATOR Whether or not there's an operator available to help with | |
| diskette dumps (remember what the OPERATOR privilege is | |
| used for; not everyone has it). | |
| PAUSE Suspends processing of a queue or on a device. | |
| PREMOUNT Mount a labeled tape volume even before a user request it | |
| be mount (and thus the operator doesn't get prompted when | |
| users try to mount it; they immediately get access). | |
| PRIORITY Changes the priority and/or process type for batches or | |
| printing processes. | |
| PROMPTS Whether EXEC will display the time after each command. | |
| PURGE Delete all inactive entries in a queue. | |
| QPRIORITY Limit a batch or device to only job with a certain queue | |
| priority (or in a range of priorities). | |
| REFUSED Refuse a MOUNT request. | |
| RELEASE Remove a tape unit from the list of mountable unit (it | |
| won't be displayed with CONTROL @EXEC UNITSTATUS. | |
| RESTART Restart a job, and if printer job, can specify from which | |
| page until which page to print. | |
| SILENCE Suppresses EXEC messages about a device or a batch. | |
| SPOOLSTATUS Give device and queue information. If no devices or | |
| queuenames are given, it reports each spooled device and | |
| the queue associated with it, CPL, LPP, headers, | |
| trailers, binary mode status, form specifications, | |
| priority and process type. | |
| START Make a connection between a queue and a device. Jobs for | |
| the queue will be run on the device. This is need for | |
| something like printing queues. | |
| STATUS Describes the status of devices or batches. It reports | |
| the sequence number, queue priority, user, and PID. For | |
| a printer, it also reports the number of pages left and | |
| number of copies left. | |
| STOP Dissociate a queue from a device. | |
| TERMINATE Terminate the user process on a console (disconnects user). | |
| TRAILERS Changed number of trailers printed when printing (default | |
| is 0). | |
| UNHOLD Release from HOLD. | |
| UNITSTATUS Displays mount status of a tape unit or all units if no | |
| devicename is specified. | |
| UNLIMIT Release from LIMIT. | |
| UNSILENCE Release from SILENCE. | |
| VERBOSE Give detailed messages. Brief messages include the | |
| queue's name, sequence number and user. Verbose messages | |
| also include the PID and pathname. Messages are sent | |
| when a device or a batch processes a request. | |
| NETWORKING | |
| ~~~~~~~~~ | |
| AOS/VS is compatible with several networking protocols. The most widely | |
| known and used are X.25 and TCP/IP. There is also Data General's XODIAC | |
| network, as well as PCI networks and many others. In general, network | |
| services are run as process by the NETOP username (usually "OP"), and | |
| have programs for the users to execute. The NETOP process handles | |
| communications and report generating to the other networking processes. | |
| It has similar restrictions to that of the EXEC process (one must have | |
| its username to control it, and so on). | |
| Before going into specifics, there are some general details about | |
| networks. Almost everything having to do with networking -- from hosts, | |
| to help files and programs, will be found in the :NET directory. | |
| Programs and macros will be in :NET:UTIL, and so on. The :PER | |
| directory, which contains devices, contains devices for the networking | |
| processes. | |
| TCP/IP: The AOS/VS implementation of TCP/IP incorporates the usual | |
| TCP/IP programs: rlogin, rsh, telnet, ftp, smtp and so on. Because of | |
| the way most of these programs were built (with strong relationships to | |
| Unix), AOS/VS work in a similar way. | |
| AOS/VS runs RSHD, for remote logging in, and supports individual .RHOST | |
| files as well as HOSTS.EQUIV files; TELNETD, for telnet sessions; FTPD, | |
| for ftp sessions; SNMPD, for network management; and SMTP, which is the | |
| same as activating the AOS/VS SENDMAIL with the become daemon switch, | |
| for receiving mail. There are also programs for remote printing and | |
| dumping of files on tapes, as well as NSLOOKUP and NETSTAT. | |
| In the :ETC directory, there will be some general TCP/IP files, and in | |
| :USR:LIB there will be spool directories for mail and printing services. | |
| The files normally found in :ETC will usually match the format and | |
| function of their counterparts on Unix (for example, :ETC:HOSTS = | |
| /etc/hosts, and so on). However, some explaining is necessary. | |
| The file :ETC:PASSWD does not contain any passwords. It exists for the | |
| use of the SENDMAIL program, for looking up local users on the machine. | |
| Thus if someone sends mail to a local user, mail will be sent only if | |
| that user has an entry in :ETC:PASSWD. An example file would be, | |
| op::0:::/udd/op: | |
| mail::8:::/usr/spool/mqueue: | |
| :ETC:SNMPD.TRAP_COMMUNITIES contains a list of hosts, ports, and | |
| communities that the SNMPD process will send traps to (a SNMP trap is a | |
| message sent indicating a change of state). | |
| :USR:LIB contains mail programs, such as SENDMAIL's aliases file, the | |
| SENDMAIL program itself, the SENDMAIL.CF (configuration file) and so on. | |
| :USR:SPOOL contains spool directory, for printing (like LPD) and mail | |
| (MQUEUE). | |
| The format for sending mail on AOS/VS using SMTP is just like on Unix, | |
| only the program name is SENDMAIL. | |
| The AOS/VS TCP/IP installation usually comes with TCP libraries, such as | |
| SOCKIT.LB, which provides ordinary Unix socket functions, from bind(), | |
| connect(), and listen(), to gethostbyaddr(), getservbyport(), etc; | |
| making it possible to program and compile network applications using | |
| TCP/IP routines and the AOS C compiler. | |
| For more information about these services, and network programming, read | |
| a file about TCP/IP and/or Unix. | |
| AOS/VS NETWORK PROCESSES: Each network process usually comprises two | |
| other processes, one for local users, and one for remote users on the | |
| local host. RMA provides URMA and SRMA; FTA provides UFTA and SFTA, and | |
| so on. What does it mean? Simply, the S+ programs are "daemons" for | |
| the network actions, and the U+ programs are user executable programs. | |
| All the S+ programs are controlled through the NETOP process, while the | |
| user programs are executed as programs by individual users. | |
| I will take some time to explain these programs and how they work. RMA | |
| stands for Resource Management Agent. FTA stands for File Transfer Agent, | |
| and VTA stands for Virtual Terminal Agent. The 'U' in the programs stands | |
| for "Using" and the 'S' for "Serving." | |
| VTA: the SVTA process provides virtual terminals for remote UVTA users, | |
| as well as PAD support through PDNs; it controls the system's link to | |
| any PDN. Connections can be made from public PADs (like Telenet), and | |
| through UVTA or any other PAD interface. SVTA logs command responses | |
| and errors by reporting them to the NETOP process, or a facility set by | |
| CONTROL @SVTA SET/OUTPUT= and /LOG=. If an error occurs during this | |
| logging, OUTPUT is reset to the NETOP process (if something is faulty | |
| with the NETOP process, the message is lost). | |
| SVTA is controlled through the NETOP process, so SVTA commands are the | |
| format of "CONTROL @SVTA <command name>". SVTA commands: | |
| SET Sets miscellaneous SVTA parameters, such as whether to | |
| include the current time or date at SVTA prompts | |
| (/TIME or /NOTIME, /DATE or /NODATE); where and if to send | |
| the SVTA process' output (/OUTPUT=[pid #] or [@console] or | |
| [process name], or /NOOUTPUT); and where to write SVTA logs | |
| (/LOG=file). Logs files are of format | |
| SVTA_month_day_year.LOG and is stored in :NET:LOGFILES | |
| (unless changed). | |
| OWNER Assigns a process name to the SVTA process. If no name | |
| is given, SVTA returns its current process name. | |
| REVERSE ON or OFF. Tells SVTA whether or not to accept reverse | |
| charged (collect) calls over the PDN. | |
| STATUS If no argument is given, SVTA issues a global status | |
| report. If an argument is given, it can either be | |
| @VCONnn -- an SVTA controlled virtual console, or a PID (a | |
| report will be generated for all VCONs owned by that PID). | |
| The user side, UVTA, is loaded by XEQ UVTA. The user is faced with a | |
| prompt, from which he can start connections and issue other UVTA | |
| commands. UVTA commands: | |
| CALL <host> First and formost, call a remote host. A remote host is | |
| a host that has its name in the :NET directory (file type | |
| HST). If UVTA can't locate the host in the :NET | |
| directory, it reports that the file does not exist. CALL | |
| accepts two arguments, the remote host and the remote | |
| process. Remote process in in the format of [user]:process. | |
| [user] defaults to OP; when this parameter is given, UVTA | |
| attempts to connect to a VCON controlled by that | |
| process/user combination. The remote process defaults to EXEC | |
| (OP:EXEC), which means the user connects to a console controlled | |
| by the EXEC program (and faces the usual login procedure). | |
| CALL can be replaced by loading UVTA with CALL's | |
| parameters. | |
| Trying to use UVTA as a sort of RLOGIN by connecting to | |
| CLIs will probably not work, since unless the remote CLI | |
| has opened a VCON, you will get flooded with "Remote user | |
| refused connection" error messages, until you abort UVTA | |
| or that CLI does open a console -- all of this, of | |
| course, assuming that user is there in the first place | |
| and you won't get a "Process unknown" error message. | |
| Once connected, ^C^V will abort the call and the UVTA | |
| process. ^C^T will break from remote mode to the local | |
| UVTA prompt. | |
| RCONTROL The control character (not including Ctrl-C) to break | |
| from remote mode to the local prompt. 'A', 'B', 'E', 'Q', | |
| 'S' and 'V' are taken by the system and cannot be used. | |
| EXECUTE <prog> Execute the parameter issued as a son process of your | |
| UVTA (this will fail if you don't have the privilege to | |
| create son processes without blocking the father). | |
| The File Transfer Agent, FTA, is something like the FTP port to X.25. | |
| A user using UFTA can connect to a host running SFTA, supply a valid | |
| username/password pair, and transfer files from or to the remote host. | |
| A short summary of UFTA commands, in the order they are usually executed: | |
| CALL <host> Connect to the remote host, given as an argument. | |
| Once connected, a ^C^A sequence will abort a transfer in | |
| the middle. | |
| USER <account> Supply a username to the remote host, or if no argument | |
| is given, assume the local username to be identical to | |
| the remote one. In any case, a password must be | |
| supplied. | |
| SUPERUSER If the user given through USER has Superuser privileges, | |
| will turn them for the file transfers (you can now take | |
| or put files that you couldn't before, because of the | |
| ACLs). | |
| FILES <path> FILES takes one argument, being the directory which | |
| contents will be listed. FILES takes most arguments the | |
| CLI FILES takes (/ASSORTMENT, /TYPE, etc). | |
| TYPE <file> Display a remote file. | |
| STORE <l> <r> Transfers the local file, 'l', to the remote destination | |
| file, 'r'. STORE will fail if the user is not privileged | |
| for the action, or if he is trying to transfer an | |
| irregular file, such as a network host file. | |
| Switches are: /APPEND, to append the file to the | |
| destination; /COMPRESS, to compress data for the | |
| transfer, and /DELETE, to delete the destination file if | |
| it already exists. | |
| File transfer modes are controlled through the /BLOCK and | |
| /RECORD switches. /BLOCK, the defaults, means | |
| block-by-block transfers, and /RECORD means to transfer | |
| each record in the file at a time. | |
| RETRIEVE <l> <r> Transfers a remote file, 'r', to the local destination, | |
| 'l'. The same restrictions and switches for STORE apply | |
| here. | |
| RECOVER <id> RECOVER is the command used for recovering aborted | |
| transfers. Both STORE and RETRIEVE have another | |
| switch called /RECOVER. When used in conjunction with | |
| that switch, the transfer request's working set is kept. | |
| Thus, if a transfer was stopped by ^C^A, it can be | |
| resumed by RECOVER. Without the "id" argument, RECOVER | |
| lists all the transfer IDs (which are actually interrupted | |
| transfers) it can recover. | |
| SEND <msg> Will send "msg" to the operator on the remote host. | |
| The message is sent to the SFTA on the remote host, and | |
| forwarded to the operator from there. | |
| The X25 process controls X.25 connection over the AOS/VS network. It | |
| controls accounting, virtual connection handling, links, and so on. X25 | |
| commands, operated through the NETOP process (CONTROL @X25): | |
| ACCOUNT Enable or disabling the accounting function of X25. | |
| NOACCOUNT | |
| STATUS <vc#> Displays the status of a virtual connection. It displays | |
| the remote address, number of packets passed, connection | |
| state and the user of the connection. | |
| Note that virtual connection numbers are reported by X25 | |
| as octal numbers and are therefore read as such. | |
| CLEAR <vc#> Clears a virtual connection, after informing its local | |
| owner of the clear. | |
| CUSTOMERS Displays a list of X25 customers, meaning processes which | |
| have connected to and have not yet disconnected from X25, | |
| and are therefore known by it. | |
| LSTATUS Displays a status report about a logical link (host). | |
| The report gives details about the device status and | |
| number of bytes tranfered. | |
| TRACE <file> Starts a trace of an X.25 connection to the file | |
| NOTRACE specified as the argument. X25 defaults to trace | |
| everything -- anything coming out of or going into the | |
| system, however this can be overridden by using /LINK=link | |
| to trace connections to a specific link, /VC=oct# to | |
| trace a specific virtual connection, or PID=pid# to trace | |
| virtual connections owned by the process given. | |
| NOTRACE stops the trace. | |
| X25 trace files must be displayed through another network | |
| utility (not an X25 subcommand), called NTRACE. | |
| NTRACE takes as an argument the file in which X25 stores | |
| trace info, and displays it in human readable format | |
| according to its switches, which are: /DIRECTION=[BOTH|INCOMING | |
| |OUTGOING], for packet directions (defaults to BOTH); | |
| /LIST=file, for the file to which output goes (defaults | |
| to the terminal); RLENGTH=[ALL|#], for the number of | |
| bytes from the packets to be displayed (defaults to ALL). | |
| The last switch is the packet types to be displayed | |
| (default to every packet), and is: | |
| Type Incoming calls Outgoing calls | |
| -------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------- | |
| /CALL Incoming call Call request | |
| /CONNECT Call connected Call connected | |
| /CI Clear Indication Clear request | |
| /CCFM Clear ConFirMation Clear confirmation | |
| /DATA Data Data | |
| /INTERRUPT Interrupt Interrupt | |
| /INTCFM Interrupt confirmation Interrupt confirmation | |
| /RCVR RR - receive ready RR | |
| /RNR RNR - receive not read RNR | |
| /REJ -- REJ - reject | |
| /RSTIND Reset INDication Reset request | |
| /RSTCFM Reset confirmation Reset confirmation | |
| /RRTIND Restart indication Restart request | |
| /RRTCFM Restart confirmation Restart confirmation | |
| The 2nd and 3rd columns in the chart specify what the | |
| packet means if the local host is being connected to | |
| (incoming call) or is trying to reach another host | |
| (outgoing). | |
| RESOURCES <pid> Displays any connections owned by <pid>. <pid> can be a | |
| process ID, or of the format username:processname. | |
| One of the more interesting programs in XODIAC networking is NETGEN. | |
| NETGEN (in :NET:NETGEN) is a program used to configure the network: host | |
| addresses, routes, services, and so on. When NETGEN is loaded, it | |
| enters interactive mode and enables the user to configure and change | |
| network settings from menus. Later, it can be called using its one and | |
| only switch, /RECREATE=<path>, to re-create the network files in :NET | |
| according to the specification file given in <path>. | |
| NETGEN's main menu, gives three options (other than terminating). | |
| Creating or modifying a specification file, and creating configuration | |
| files. The specification file contains in it, | |
| o details pertaining to the local host's configuration on the | |
| network: the host ID, host name, domain, etc; | |
| o hardware device configuration: device name, type, code, and | |
| miscellaneous details varying from device type to another; | |
| o link configuration: link name, device name/type it uses, and | |
| (changing on the type of device), network type, line number, | |
| protocols, X.25 packet configuration (size/window size/retries), | |
| duplex, and more; | |
| o general network attributes: extended addressing, diagnostics, | |
| calling DTE in outgoing calls, etc; | |
| o X.25 configuration: packet/window size negotiation, reverse | |
| charging, NUIs, etc; | |
| o virtual calls configuration: permanent virtual calls, VC | |
| numbering, etc; | |
| o remote host configuration: X.25 parameters, link to be used, | |
| address (decimal/hex), name, host file name, etc; | |
| o network processes configuration: name, ACL, and other details | |
| (varies). | |
| Upon loading NETGEN, there are about three menus branching off from | |
| every option, so I cannot really mention everything. However, since | |
| it's mostly self explanatory, I am putting in here the output from | |
| NETGEN's Print Specifications entry, edited to show X.25 links through | |
| Telenet and the local configuration, plus TELNETD. By looking at it, | |
| one might learn how NETGEN looks/operates, and what details are | |
| available. | |
| This file was created using (from the main menu): 2. Access/Update Spec | |
| File => 7. Print Configurations => file (instead of @LPT). | |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| ((Actual details changed.)) | |
| NETWORK SPECIFICATION PRINT FILE | |
| Specfile: :NET:NETGEN:SPEXBAKZ | |
| Date: 32-Nov-93 | |
| Time: 4:66:22 PM | |
| LOCAL HOST CONFIGURATION | |
| Local Host Name : PATBBS | |
| ACL : + ORAEW | |
| Host ID : 7 | |
| Do you wish to specify an NSAP for this host?: Y | |
| NSAP Address: | |
| Authority and Format Identifier (AFI) (0-99): 50 | |
| Initial Domain Identifier (Local Form): null | |
| Domain Specific Part (max 19 ascii characters): patbbs | |
| DEVICE CONFIGURATION | |
| Device Name: ISC_DCF | |
| Device Type (DCU,MCA,NBS,ISC,PMGR_ASYNC,ILC, | |
| ICB,IBC,LLC,SNA,LSC,IDC,LDC,MRC,IRC,LRC,XLC,XSC): ISC | |
| Device code (in octal): 37 | |
| Run SDLC or HDLC on this controller: HDLC | |
| LINK CONFIGURATION | |
| Link Name: SPRINTNET Device Name: ISC_DCF | |
| Device Type: ISC | |
| Network Type : TELENET Line # (0-7) : 0 | |
| Protocol Type(LAP,LAPB,SDLC) : LAPB | |
| Local Host Address (2-15 decimal digits) : 31109090063100 | |
| Sequence Numbering Modulus (8,128) : 8 | |
| Connect retry count (0-99) : 20 Transmit retry count (0-99) : 10 | |
| Transmit timeout (-1,0-3600) : 3 Enable timeout (-1,0-3600) : 30 | |
| Frame Window Size (1-7) : 7 Packet Window Size (1-7) : 2 | |
| Max Packet Size (32,64,128,256,512,1024) : 128 | |
| Framing Type (HDLC,BSC) : HDLC HDLC Encoding (NRZ,NRZI) : NRZ | |
| Clocking (EXTERNAL,INTERNAL) : EXTERNAL | |
| FULL or HALF duplex line : FULL | |
| -------------------------- Virtual Call Numbering -------------------------- | |
| # PVC'S : 0 # SVC'S : 63 Start SVC # : 1 | |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
| Network Attributes | |
| ------------------ | |
| Calling DTE in Outgoing Calls (Y/N): Y | |
| Personal Cause Code (Y/N) : N | |
| Long Interrupt Packets (Y/N) : N | |
| Timeout Resets (Y/N) : Y | |
| Timeout Clears (Y/N) : Y | |
| Mandatory Diagnostics (Y/N) : N | |
| Extended Addressing (Y/N) : Y | |
| Extended Clear Packets (Y/N) : Y | |
| X25 Facilities Enabling | |
| ----------------------- | |
| Allow packet size negotiation (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow window size negotiation (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow fast select (Y/N) : Y | |
| 1. local connections (Y/N) : N | |
| 2. routed connections (Y/N) : N | |
| Allow reverse charging outgoing (Y/N): Y | |
| Allow closed user groups (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow network user ID (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow throughput class (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow transit delay (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow transit delay indication (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow charging information (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow RPOA selection (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow user defined facilities (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow unknown facilities (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow extended facilities (Y/N) : Y | |
| Allow facilities to be routed (Y/N) : Y | |
| X25 Facilities Generated? | |
| ------------------------- --------- | |
| 1. Packet Size Facility N Minimum: 32 Maximum: 128 | |
| 2. Window Size Facility N Minimum: 1 Maximum: 2 | |
| 3. Fast Select Facilities N Type: | |
| 4. Reverse Charging N | |
| 5. Closed User Groups N Type: None ID: -- | |
| 6. Network User ID N ID: | |
| 7. Throughput Class N Called: Calling DTE: | |
| 8. Transit Delay N Delay: 0 | |
| 9. Charging Information N Request? N | |
| 10. RPOA Selection N # IDs: 0 | |
| 11. User Defined Facilities N | |
| 12. Other Facilities N | |
| REMOTE HOST CONFIGURATION | |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| BOOMBOOM | |
| X.25 Host Parameters | |
| Remote Host Filename : BOOMBOOM | |
| Remote Host Name : BOOMBOOM | |
| Remote Host ID : None | |
| Hostfile AOS/VS ACL : + RE | |
| Accepts address extension facilities?: N | |
| Link Name Device Type Network Type Remote Address | |
| 1 SPRINTNET ISC TELENET host address in decimal : | |
| 31109200010200 | |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| NPN CONFIGURATION | |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| TELNETD | |
| NPN-type entry name: TELNETD | |
| NPN: 0023 | |
| NPN AOS/VS ACL: + RE | |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| ACRONYMS | |
| ~~~~~~~~ | |
| ADM Automatic Density Matching | |
| CLASP CLass Assignment And Scheduling Package | |
| CLI Command Line Interpreter | |
| CPL Characters per Line | |
| IPC Inter-Process Communications | |
| LPP Lines per Page | |
| PID Process ID; PID 2 is the "master CLI" | |
| SMI System Manager Interface | |