Deep expansion pass: full mechanism taxonomy (01), WILDTRACK two-leg real-data campaign + Frigate gate (02), four-act CrowdHuman saga (03), per-product paragraphs + edge-box composition (04), refusal-gate mechanics + three-bug case study + 36/36 OOD demo (05); README index with reading times
Browse files- 01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md +283 -169
- 02_e1_precision_first_linking.md +266 -140
- 03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md +220 -152
- 04_portfolio_overview.md +209 -172
- 05_prompt2model_v010.md +198 -104
- README.md +46 -30
01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md
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compressed model is still good enough, and by default it ships the compressed model regardless.
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At Dhi Labs we build the opposite: components whose **honesty is a feature, not a disclaimer**.
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Four mechanisms show up again and again across our
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Posts 2 and 3
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and post 5 covers the newest
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| alert kind | n | precision | recall | mean lead error (s) |
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|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| convergence (multi party, 3 track decoy check) | 10 | 0.500 | 1.000 | 0.43 |
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| crowd buildup | 45 | 0.356 | 1.000 | 1.34 |
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## A fifth pattern: disclose the hard case instead of dropping it
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Two more products
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work (A3) self calibrates height, tilt, and focal length from
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footnote.
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Our
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## The
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- Blog index: [Dhi-Technologies/blog](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/blog)
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-
- Code: proprietary, closed source
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[dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
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- Next: [Precision first cross camera linking (E1)](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md), [When the error bar is the product (A4)](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md), [Six products, one honesty thesis](04_portfolio_overview.md), [Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
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compressed model is still good enough, and by default it ships the compressed model regardless.
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At Dhi Labs we build the opposite: components whose **honesty is a feature, not a disclaimer**.
|
| 13 |
+
Four mechanisms show up again and again across our products, and we treat each as a first class
|
| 14 |
+
deliverable that has to be *measured*, not asserted. This post lays out the full taxonomy, with
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+
a worked micro example for each mechanism drawn from the actual products and their actual
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+
numbers, a section on why the industry default is the opposite and what that default costs the
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+
people who operate these systems, and the measurement philosophy that makes any of it
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checkable. Posts 2 and 3 are deep dives into two of the products, post 4 is a portfolio tour,
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+
and post 5 covers the newest piece of the program, a language guided model factory that just
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shipped its first tagged release.
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+
One framing note before the numbers. The code behind these products is proprietary and closed
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+
source. What is open is the *evidence*: the synthetic benchmark datasets with exact ground
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+
truth, the demo Spaces, the committed evidence logs these posts quote, and the reproduction
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+
commands and verbatim test output lines included throughout. Closed source, open evidence. You
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+
cannot read our linker, but you can check every number we publish about it.
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+
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+
## Why the industry default is overclaiming
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+
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+
It is worth being specific about the incentive structure, because none of the individual actors
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+
in it are behaving irrationally. Benchmarks score point estimates: a counting paper reports MAE,
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a re identification paper reports rank 1 accuracy, a detection paper reports mAP. Almost no
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+
leaderboard grades the *uncertainty statement* attached to a prediction, so the uncertainty
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+
statement is the first thing to rot. A vendor selling a people counter gets asked "how accurate
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is it," never "when it says 90% sure, how often is it right." A tracker that links aggressively
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demos better than one that refuses, because a demo audience sees the links it made, not the
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weeks of corrupted history a wrong merge will cause later. And a model card that says
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"validation in progress" reads as weakness next to a competitor's card that simply omits the
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subject.
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+
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The result is a market where overclaiming is the default output format, not an occasional lie.
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And the cost lands on operators, in at least four concrete ways. We can attach a measured
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number from our own work to each one, because in each case we built the overconfident version
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first, measured it, and kept the measurement:
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+
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+
1. **Overconfident intervals misallocate people and money.** The textbook analytic error bar on
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our own occlusion corrected counter claimed 90% confidence while actually covering the truth
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50 to 63% of the time on our benchmark. An operator staffing a platform, a kitchen, or a gate
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from that interval is wrong about the interval itself almost half the time, which is arguably
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worse than getting no interval at all, because it converts a guess into a false guarantee.
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+
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2. **Silent wrong answers compound.** In cross camera linking, one false merge does not cost one
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error. Every future query about either identity now returns the other person's history, for
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as long as the record lives. Our margin only linker was measured at 0.918 site precision,
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which sounds high until you restate it: about one in twelve links silently wrong, each one
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poisoning everything downstream of it. Nobody notices at demo time. The operator notices
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weeks later, when the answer to "where was this person before the incident" is confidently,
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untraceably wrong.
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+
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3. **Ungraded alarms train operators to ignore alarms.** A predictive alerting system that never
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reports its own false alarm rate does not have a zero false alarm rate; it has an unmeasured
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one, and the operator's attention silently becomes the measurement instrument. Our own
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predictor, graded by its own ledger over a 200 scenario battery, fired 150 alerts of which 87
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were later falsified by its own deadline based grading. We publish that number first, before
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the 63 fulfilled ones, because a system that hides its false alarms is being graded by nobody
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except the operator it is exhausting.
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+
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4. **Degenerate models ship when nobody is forced to look.** The most instructive failure in
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this whole program was our own: the first published smoke test artifact for our model factory
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reported a toy classification accuracy of 0.0, produced by a chain of three real bugs
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(unseeded RNGs, a class dropping split, an untrained from scratch backbone) that a
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healthier looking pipeline would have hidden behind a lucky seed. The fix and the full
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post mortem are in post 5. The point here: the artifact was degenerate, it was published, and
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the honest response was to diagnose it in public rather than delete it.
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+
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+
The rest of this post is the taxonomy of mechanisms we use to make the opposite default
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concrete. Each one costs something measurable, and the cost is published next to the benefit.
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+
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## The four mechanisms
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+
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+
### 1. Calibrated intervals instead of bare point estimates
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+
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**Definition.** A prediction ships as an interval whose claimed coverage has been *measured*
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against held out ground truth, not derived from a formula and assumed. If the measured coverage
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of the analytic interval misses its claim, the interval is widened by a calibrated multiplier
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until it meets it, and the multiplier itself is published, because the multiplier is the
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measurement of how wrong the original confidence was.
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+
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**Worked micro example, from amodal counting (A4).** A count of "12" implies a precision that
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occlusion has already destroyed. Our amodal counting engine reports a calibrated interval
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instead, and the calibration story has a number in it that we consider the honest headline of
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the whole method. The textbook Horvitz Thompson analytic error bar, the one you would derive on
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a whiteboard and ship without checking, measured **0.50 to 0.63 actual coverage against a
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claimed 0.90** on our synthetic benchmark. The fix is split conformal calibration: run inference
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+
over labeled calibration scenes, collect the ratio of actual error to claimed sigma, and take a
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finite sample quantile of those ratios as a multiplier on the analytic bar. That multiplier came
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out between **6.726 and 14.4634** depending on crowding density (re measured this session,
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`bench --seed 0`). In other words, the uncalibrated error bar was roughly an order of magnitude
|
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too tight, and we publish exactly how wrong it would have been:
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+
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+
| crowding | naive MAE | corrected MAE | analytic coverage (claimed 0.90) | conformal coverage | z multiplier |
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+
|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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+
| 0.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 | about 0.50 to 0.63 | 0.90 | 6.726 |
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+
| 0.3 | 2.6 | 1.97 | about 0.50 to 0.63 | 0.90 | 8.2022 |
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+
| 0.6 | 2.85 | 2.34 | about 0.50 to 0.63 | 0.975 | 14.4634 |
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| 0.8 | 3.73 | 2.46 | about 0.50 to 0.63 | 0.975 | 7.7541 |
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+
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+
That table is synthetic, and we say so every time we quote it. What makes it more than a
|
| 109 |
+
synthetic party trick is what happened on real photographs. On CrowdHuman validation images (a
|
| 110 |
+
SAHI tiled YOLOv8s detector, 270 images, 6,809 ground truth person boxes, run on rented GPU
|
| 111 |
+
hardware and documented in the repository's committed evidence log), the one directional
|
| 112 |
+
correction did **not** beat naive counting: naive MAE was 11.767 and the corrected estimate came
|
| 113 |
+
in worse, 22.475 for the single feature curve and 28.228 for the multivariate one, with interval
|
| 114 |
+
coverage collapsing to 39 to 41% against the 90% target. That is a real regression on real data,
|
| 115 |
+
published rather than quietly dropped. The fix that finally worked, a two sided estimator that
|
| 116 |
+
also models whether each detection is a genuine object at all, reached MAE **11.031** (better
|
| 117 |
+
than naive at last) with **90.67%** coverage against the 90% target. And even the fix is
|
| 118 |
+
disclosed as incomplete: on the twenty densest scenes in the same evidence log, where the
|
| 119 |
+
detector saw as few as 20 to 30 raw boxes standing in for up to 227 true people, naive counting
|
| 120 |
+
still wins and the estimator's own coverage flag drops to 50%, correctly signaling extrapolation
|
| 121 |
+
instead of failing silently. Post 3 tells this story in full, all four acts of it.
|
| 122 |
+
|
| 123 |
+
**What it costs.** Interval width. A calibrated interval 6.7x to 14.5x wider than the flattering
|
| 124 |
+
one is harder to sell and easier to trust.
|
| 125 |
+
|
| 126 |
+
### 2. Refusal gates: "I don't know" beats a wrong answer
|
| 127 |
+
|
| 128 |
+
**Definition.** The system has an explicit code path whose output is *no answer*, and reaching
|
| 129 |
+
that path is treated as correct behavior, exercised by tests, rather than as an error state. The
|
| 130 |
+
refusal condition is calibrated or measured, not hand tuned to taste.
|
| 131 |
+
|
| 132 |
+
**Worked micro example one, from multicam reasoning memory (E1).** The linker decides whether a
|
| 133 |
+
track that just appeared on camera B is the same person who left camera A. It scores candidates
|
| 134 |
+
with a per camera pair Gaussian transit time prior and requires three things before linking: the
|
| 135 |
+
best score clears a plausibility bar (0.5), the best score beats the runner up by a margin
|
| 136 |
+
(0.2), and, the gate that actually matters, a **uniqueness guard**: at most one candidate may
|
| 137 |
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sit above a lower plausibility bar (0.2) at all. The first two gates alone measured **0.918 site
|
| 138 |
+
precision** on our synthetic site. The failure case is concrete: two people leave the same
|
| 139 |
+
camera about 20 seconds apart, both consistent with the learned transit prior; because Gaussian
|
| 140 |
+
scores are peaky, the wrong one can win by a *large margin*, so margin reads as confidence
|
| 141 |
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precisely when the situation is most ambiguous. The uniqueness guard refuses that link outright
|
| 142 |
+
and creates a new entity instead. Adding it took precision to **1.0**, and that is not one lucky
|
| 143 |
+
seed: across a 24 site synthetic grid (3 to 8 cameras, 20 to 100 people per site, 165,902 events
|
| 144 |
+
total), precision is exactly 1.0000 on every single site, while recall spans 0.0476 to 0.6788,
|
| 145 |
+
scaling with external identity reference coverage (mean 0.2008 at 20% coverage up to 0.6044 at
|
| 146 |
+
60%) and with camera count. The recall is the published price of the precision; on the committed
|
| 147 |
+
seed 1 demo, that means 26 of 69 true same person pairs linked, zero wrong, recall 0.3768 (re run
|
| 148 |
+
this session, identical digits). The same guard then held on real data: on the WILDTRACK seven
|
| 149 |
+
camera dataset, with 313 real people milling through overlapping views, the system produced
|
| 150 |
+
**zero wrong merges in every condition**, across 1,663 ground truth replay tracks and across
|
| 151 |
+
1,373 tracks from a real YOLO11n plus ByteTrack detector and tracker pipeline, at recall 0.4087
|
| 152 |
+
and 0.3502 respectively with 40% reference coverage, and recall 0.0 with none. That last zero is
|
| 153 |
+
an honest negative that defines the operating envelope rather than a failure to hide, and the
|
| 154 |
+
diagnosis behind it, including what the transit prior did and did not contribute, is in post 2.
|
| 155 |
+
|
| 156 |
+
**Worked micro example two, from Prompt2Model (B1).** The model factory ships two refusal gates
|
| 157 |
+
in one pipeline. At inference time, a split conformal check compares each prediction's
|
| 158 |
+
nonconformity (1 minus the temperature scaled confidence) against a threshold fit from held out
|
| 159 |
+
validation data at alpha 0.1. On the healthy toy smoke test, that threshold came out to
|
| 160 |
+
**0.004888**, meaning the model only answers when its calibrated confidence is at least 0.9951,
|
| 161 |
+
and abstains otherwise. Run against all 36 toy images this session, the exported model
|
| 162 |
+
classified **36 of 36 correctly with zero abstentions**; fed two inputs it never saw, a yellow
|
| 163 |
+
star (calibrated confidence 0.9845) and uniform noise (0.9391), it **abstained on both** instead
|
| 164 |
+
of guessing a label. Separately, the factory's compression step refuses to ship a quantized or
|
| 165 |
+
distilled model that drops below 98% of the uncompressed model's accuracy; the floor is a
|
| 166 |
+
hard coded constant, not a documentation promise, and a failed candidate means the pipeline
|
| 167 |
+
ships the uncompressed model and logs the refusal. Post 5 covers the mechanics, including the
|
| 168 |
+
finite sample caveat on calibrating from only 7 validation samples.
|
| 169 |
+
|
| 170 |
+
**What it costs.** Recall in E1 (0.3768 where an aggressive linker would score higher and be
|
| 171 |
+
silently wrong), and answer rate in B1 (an abstaining model answers fewer queries than one that
|
| 172 |
+
always guesses).
|
| 173 |
+
|
| 174 |
+
### 3. Provenance on every answer
|
| 175 |
+
|
| 176 |
+
**Definition.** Every answer the system returns carries machine readable references to the exact
|
| 177 |
+
stored observations that support it, so any claim can be traced back and audited. An LLM may
|
| 178 |
+
rephrase an answer for readability, but it is never a source of facts.
|
| 179 |
+
|
| 180 |
+
**Worked micro example, from E1's query layer.** Every query function attaches a `provenance`
|
| 181 |
+
structure to its return value: `where_is` returns the supporting episode id, `history` returns
|
| 182 |
+
the list of episode ids, `who_was_at` attaches per entity episode lists, and `journeys` attaches
|
| 183 |
+
the specific episodes each transit time estimate was recovered from. The module's own docstring
|
| 184 |
+
states the principle better than a marketing page would: "An answer without provenance is an
|
| 185 |
+
assertion; these are receipts." Concretely, this session's fresh demo run answered a where is
|
| 186 |
+
query with the string "ent_9d0d3c5133e6 was last seen on cam3 at t=387 (episode 31)", episode
|
| 187 |
+
number included, and a journeys query for cam0 to cam1 returned three actual recovered transit
|
| 188 |
+
times, 37.85 s, 42.85 s, and 53.65 s, each tagged to a specific entity and episode rather than
|
| 189 |
+
collapsed into a bare average. The optional local LLM narration layer is wired so that it only
|
| 190 |
+
rephrases an answer the query layer already computed; turning it off changes no number.
|
| 191 |
+
|
| 192 |
+
**What it costs.** Storage discipline and API surface. Every answer path has to carry its
|
| 193 |
+
receipts, which forbids convenient shortcuts like returning aggregates whose inputs were thrown
|
| 194 |
+
away.
|
| 195 |
+
|
| 196 |
+
### 4. Falsification ledgers
|
| 197 |
+
|
| 198 |
+
**Definition.** A system that makes predictions files each one, at fire time, with a deadline
|
| 199 |
+
derived from its own claimed lead time, and later grades itself *fulfilled* or *falsified*
|
| 200 |
+
against what actually happened. There is no third, softer verdict, and the falsified count is
|
| 201 |
+
published as prominently as the fulfilled one.
|
| 202 |
+
|
| 203 |
+
**Worked micro example, from causal predictive alerting (E4).** The predictor claims incidents
|
| 204 |
+
seconds before they happen. Its `FalsificationLedger` files every alert the moment it fires; if
|
| 205 |
+
the predicted event is observed before the deadline, the entry resolves fulfilled with the
|
| 206 |
+
*measured* lead time, not the predicted one; if the deadline passes, it resolves falsified, full
|
| 207 |
+
stop. Over an earlier 200 scenario battery: 150 alerts fired, 63 later graded fulfilled, 87
|
| 208 |
+
falsified, 50 scenarios produced no alert. The arithmetic reconciles (87 + 63 = 150 alerts,
|
| 209 |
+
150 + 50 = 200 scenarios), and we checked it rather than took it on faith, because a ledger
|
| 210 |
+
whose counts do not add up is not a ledger. A newer, harder 210 scenario battery breaks
|
| 211 |
+
performance down by alert kind rather than averaging it away:
|
| 212 |
|
| 213 |
| alert kind | n | precision | recall | mean lead error (s) |
|
| 214 |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|
|
|
|
| 217 |
| convergence (multi party, 3 track decoy check) | 10 | 0.500 | 1.000 | 0.43 |
|
| 218 |
| crowd buildup | 45 | 0.356 | 1.000 | 1.34 |
|
| 219 |
|
| 220 |
+
Recall is 1.0 for every kind in this battery, and the disclosed price is an 8.0% false positive
|
| 221 |
+
rate on the 75 negative scenarios, concentrated in two named edge cases: stationary loiterers
|
| 222 |
+
(20%) and incidents falling just outside the prediction horizon (13.3%). The battery's own root
|
| 223 |
+
cause analysis traces both to the same mechanism, a short noisy velocity estimate reading
|
| 224 |
+
jitter as speed. Crowd buildup is named as the weakest kind at 0.356 precision instead of being
|
| 225 |
+
folded into a friendlier overall number.
|
| 226 |
+
|
| 227 |
+
Every alert also ships a counterfactual from an ablation replay engine: the same predictor re
|
| 228 |
+
run on the same observation history with a candidate cause removed or motion frozen, so a
|
| 229 |
+
"would not have fired without X" claim corresponds to an executed, rerunnable run. The engine's
|
| 230 |
+
own necessity statistics are a second honesty signal: presence removal was necessary for 100%
|
| 231 |
+
of zone entry and convergence alerts, but only 21.7% of crowd buildup alerts across 267 per
|
| 232 |
+
occupant checks. That low number is the correct answer, not a bug: a crowd well above threshold
|
| 233 |
+
genuinely does not depend on any single occupant, and the system says so instead of inflating
|
| 234 |
+
per person blame to make its explanations look more decisive.
|
| 235 |
+
|
| 236 |
+
**What it costs.** The system generates a permanent, quotable record of its own failures. 87
|
| 237 |
+
falsified predictions is not a number a marketing page would volunteer; the ledger volunteers it
|
| 238 |
+
by construction.
|
| 239 |
|
| 240 |
## A fifth pattern: disclose the hard case instead of dropping it
|
| 241 |
|
| 242 |
+
Two more products apply the same instinct to *reporting* rather than to a decision rule, and it
|
| 243 |
+
belongs in the taxonomy because dropped rows are how honest tables become dishonest ones.
|
| 244 |
+
|
| 245 |
+
Our fixed camera 3D work (A3) self calibrates a camera's height, tilt, and focal length from
|
| 246 |
+
people already walking through the scene, no GPU, no model weights. Its conditioning probe
|
| 247 |
+
perturbs the recovered tilt by half a degree and measures how far the estimated ground position
|
| 248 |
+
moves, because a shallow mounted camera can converge to a low optimizer residual while its
|
| 249 |
+
recovered tilt is still off by degrees, an error the residual cannot see but which becomes
|
| 250 |
+
meters of far field position error. The shallow geometry (3 m height, 20 degree tilt) reports
|
| 251 |
+
1.72 meters of position movement per half degree of tilt perturbation and 4.30 meters position
|
| 252 |
+
RMSE, and it sits in the same results table as the well conditioned geometry's 0.16 meters RMSE,
|
| 253 |
+
not in a footnote.
|
| 254 |
+
|
| 255 |
+
Our thermal perception work (A5) applies it to an entire category of unfinished work: a hard
|
| 256 |
+
coded floor of 200,000 corpus frames labels anything pretrained on fewer frames a *mechanics
|
| 257 |
+
pilot*, not a quality claim. Both GPU pretraining runs on record, 2,503 synthetic frames and
|
| 258 |
+
15,488 real infrared frames, sit far below that floor and are reported as pilots in the repo's
|
| 259 |
+
own results documents. Nothing on this org implies a thermal foundation model exists, because
|
| 260 |
+
none does.
|
| 261 |
+
|
| 262 |
+
## The measurement philosophy
|
| 263 |
+
|
| 264 |
+
The four mechanisms are only as honest as the measurements behind them, so the measurement
|
| 265 |
+
rules are part of the thesis.
|
| 266 |
+
|
| 267 |
+
**Synthetic ground truth first.** Every benchmark dataset on this org is procedurally generated
|
| 268 |
+
with exact, complete ground truth. This is not a cost saving shortcut; it is what makes claims
|
| 269 |
+
*checkable*. On a synthetic site we know all 69 true same person pairs, so "26 linked, 0 wrong"
|
| 270 |
+
is a verifiable count rather than an estimate against partial annotation. On synthetic crowds we
|
| 271 |
+
know the true count behind every occlusion, so coverage numbers like 0.90 and 0.975 are exact.
|
| 272 |
+
Seeds are committed, and the tables in these posts were re run from those seeds before
|
| 273 |
+
publishing, digit for digit.
|
| 274 |
+
|
| 275 |
+
**Real data second, and published whichever way it goes.** Synthetic validation tells you the
|
| 276 |
+
math is right; it cannot tell you the assumptions survive contact with a real detector or a
|
| 277 |
+
real camera topology. Two real data campaigns have run so far, and both produced results the
|
| 278 |
+
synthetic benchmarks could not have predicted. On CrowdHuman, the first real test of A4's
|
| 279 |
+
correction made counting *worse* (post 3). On WILDTRACK, E1's precision guarantee held
|
| 280 |
+
perfectly but the transit prior mechanism contributed exactly zero links, for a structural
|
| 281 |
+
reason the evidence log diagnoses rather than hides (post 2). Both campaigns are committed as
|
| 282 |
+
evidence logs, negative findings included, because a validation program that only reports its
|
| 283 |
+
wins is a marketing program.
|
| 284 |
+
|
| 285 |
+
**Negative results are deliverables.** The record so far includes: uncapped Horvitz Thompson
|
| 286 |
+
weights measured worse than naive counting (2.89 vs 2.63 MAE); calibration on ground truth
|
| 287 |
+
visibility instead of inference aligned visibility turning the correction harmful (3.13 vs
|
| 288 |
+
2.63); the one directional corrector losing to naive on CrowdHuman (22.475 vs 11.767); the
|
| 289 |
+
WILDTRACK zero prior link finding; the model factory's degenerate 0.0 accuracy artifact and its
|
| 290 |
+
three bug post mortem. Every one of these stayed in the record.
|
| 291 |
+
|
| 292 |
+
**Verbatim evidence lines, and arithmetic that reconciles.** Test suite results are quoted as
|
| 293 |
+
verbatim final lines (this session: `34 passed in 4.33s` for E1, `46 passed in 2.22s` for A4,
|
| 294 |
+
`118 passed in 87.73s (0:01:27)` for Prompt2Model on current main), not paraphrased as "all
|
| 295 |
+
tests pass." Counts are cross checked (87 + 63 + 50 = 200). And where our own past prose
|
| 296 |
+
disagreed with a fresh reproduction, the disagreement is disclosed rather than silently fixed:
|
| 297 |
+
a memory size once quoted as "61 KB" against a measured 61,440 bytes (exactly 60.0 KB), a test
|
| 298 |
+
count once quoted as 13 against a counted 14, a release note's 117 tests against today's 118 on
|
| 299 |
+
a main branch that gained one test since the tag. Small discrepancies, but the habit of
|
| 300 |
+
disclosing small ones is the only reason to trust us with large ones.
|
| 301 |
+
|
| 302 |
+
## Where to look
|
| 303 |
+
|
| 304 |
+
- Datasets and demos: the [Dhi Labs collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/Dhi-Technologies/dhi-labs-honest-edge-vision-ai-6a4eb297cbd60f5f673cc2d7)
|
| 305 |
- Blog index: [Dhi-Technologies/blog](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/blog)
|
| 306 |
+
- Code: proprietary, closed source. The open surface is the evidence: benchmark datasets with
|
| 307 |
+
exact ground truth, demo Spaces, committed evidence logs, and the reproduction commands and
|
| 308 |
+
verbatim output quoted in these posts. Prompt2Model additionally shipped one tagged,
|
| 309 |
+
MIT licensed public release, v0.1.0, covered in post 5. Partnership or access inquiries:
|
| 310 |
[dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
| 311 |
- Next: [Precision first cross camera linking (E1)](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md), [When the error bar is the product (A4)](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md), [Six products, one honesty thesis](04_portfolio_overview.md), [Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
|
02_e1_precision_first_linking.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ track ID. A cross camera system has to decide whether those two tracks are the s
|
|
| 7 |
person, and it has to do that thousands of times a day, for weeks, without its memory
|
| 8 |
exploding or its identities quietly corrupting. This post is a deep dive into how our
|
| 9 |
multicam reasoning memory product (E1, package name `fleetmind`) makes that decision, what
|
| 10 |
-
it costs, what it is built from, and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 11 |
|
| 12 |
The design principle we started from is asymmetric on purpose:
|
| 13 |
|
|
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ face free embedding cluster id from a sister product, a badge swipe, any stable
|
|
| 34 |
identity. When present, linking is exact. When absent, the engine has to earn the link itself
|
| 35 |
from timing alone, which is the harder and more interesting case below. Only `t`, `camera_id`,
|
| 36 |
and `track_id` are actually required; `position_m` is stored for provenance only and, notably,
|
| 37 |
-
the linker itself does not use spatial position, only per
|
| 38 |
|
| 39 |
The library is small on purpose and has no third party dependency beyond `numpy`: 9 Python
|
| 40 |
files, 1,290 lines total (`wc -l` across `src/fleetmind/*.py` and
|
|
@@ -42,87 +44,96 @@ files, 1,290 lines total (`wc -l` across `src/fleetmind/*.py` and
|
|
| 42 |
logic:
|
| 43 |
|
| 44 |
- `memory.py` (303 lines): `MemoryStore`, SQLite in WAL mode. Raw events never persist; each one
|
| 45 |
-
extends an episode
|
| 46 |
`O(entities + episodes + links)`, not `O(events)`. A retention policy (`prune`) ages episodes
|
| 47 |
-
out by day and deactivates links for entities with nothing left.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 48 |
- `linker.py` (179 lines): `CrossCameraLinker`, `TransitPrior`, `LinkerConfig`. An `identity_ref`
|
| 49 |
-
match is exact; otherwise a candidate is scored by a per camera
|
| 50 |
-
prior, learned online (Welford's algorithm for streaming mean
|
| 51 |
-
ref
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 52 |
- `queries.py` (97 lines): `where_is`, `history`, `who_was_at`, `journeys`, `co_occurrences`,
|
| 53 |
`summarize`.
|
| 54 |
|
| 55 |
Supporting modules: `synth.py` (104 lines, the synthetic ground truth site generator and pairwise
|
| 56 |
-
precision/recall scorer that produced every number below), `cli.py` (196 lines), and
|
| 57 |
-
`integrations/frigate.py` (330 lines,
|
| 58 |
-
`frigate/events` MQTT stream into the same `TrackEvent` contract, so a real, already-deployed
|
| 59 |
-
open source tracker can feed this engine without a bespoke adapter).
|
| 60 |
|
| 61 |
## Three gates, and why the third one is not decorative
|
| 62 |
|
| 63 |
Our linker scores a candidate pairing on two things: transit time plausibility (the learned
|
| 64 |
Gaussian prior over how long it takes to walk from camera *i* to camera *j*) and, when available,
|
| 65 |
the `identity_ref` term. A natural design stops at two gates: score above a bar, and margin over
|
| 66 |
-
the runner up above a bar. Concretely, in `_assign_new_track` (`linker.py`
|
| 67 |
-
|
| 68 |
-
|
| 69 |
-
|
| 70 |
-
We measured what that natural, two
|
| 71 |
-
precision**
|
| 72 |
-
|
| 73 |
-
|
| 74 |
-
|
| 75 |
-
|
| 76 |
-
|
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|
| 77 |
plausibility bar, `plausible_threshold` (0.2), at all. If a second candidate is also plausible,
|
| 78 |
-
at any margin, the link is refused outright
|
| 79 |
-
|
| 80 |
-
|
| 81 |
-
|
| 82 |
-
|
| 83 |
-
|
| 84 |
-
|
| 85 |
-
prose, not as a literal function or string named `refusal_gate` in the source; the mechanism is
|
| 86 |
-
real and load-bearing, it is exactly what the code does, but there is no API literally called
|
| 87 |
-
that.
|
| 88 |
|
| 89 |
| configuration | site precision | recall |
|
| 90 |
|---|---:|---:|
|
| 91 |
| margin only | 0.918 | higher, not separately reported |
|
| 92 |
| plus uniqueness guard | **1.0** (measured across 24 sites) | 0.0476 to 0.6788, scaling with reference coverage and camera count (grid below) |
|
| 93 |
|
| 94 |
-
## The
|
| 95 |
|
| 96 |
A single demo run is a good walkthrough but a thin evidence base on its own. We scored the same
|
| 97 |
linker, unchanged, against a 24 site synthetic benchmark suite spanning 3 to 8 cameras, 20 to 100
|
| 98 |
people per site, and 20% to 60% external identity reference coverage, 165,902 events total. The
|
| 99 |
full per site output is published as
|
| 100 |
-
[`linking_report.json`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark)
|
| 101 |
-
and we downloaded and
|
|
|
|
| 102 |
|
| 103 |
| result | value |
|
| 104 |
|---|---:|
|
| 105 |
| sites scored | 24 |
|
| 106 |
| total events | 165,902 |
|
| 107 |
| precision, every single site | **1.0000** (zero false merges anywhere in the grid) |
|
| 108 |
-
| recall, full range across sites | 0.0476 to 0.6788 |
|
| 109 |
-
| recall by reference coverage (mean) | 20%: 0.2008
|
| 110 |
-
| recall by camera count (mean) | 3 cam: 0.3606
|
| 111 |
|
| 112 |
Precision does not move: it is exactly 1.0000 on all 24 sites, so the uniqueness guard refuses
|
| 113 |
every ambiguous pairing regardless of how sparse the reference coverage or how many cameras are
|
| 114 |
in play. Recall is the variable the design deliberately trades away, and it moves exactly where
|
| 115 |
-
the mechanism predicts
|
| 116 |
-
|
| 117 |
-
|
| 118 |
-
0.
|
| 119 |
-
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| 120 |
-
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| 121 |
-
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| 122 |
-
|
| 123 |
-
|
| 124 |
-
|
| 125 |
-
pipeline ourselves this session with `PYTHONPATH=src python -m fleetmind.cli demo --seed 1`:
|
| 126 |
|
| 127 |
| metric | value |
|
| 128 |
|---|---:|
|
|
@@ -135,89 +146,207 @@ pipeline ourselves this session with `PYTHONPATH=src python -m fleetmind.cli dem
|
|
| 135 |
| entities in memory | 46 |
|
| 136 |
| episodes in memory | 61 |
|
| 137 |
| active links | 61 |
|
| 138 |
-
| relations (co
|
| 139 |
| memory store size | 61,440 bytes (60.0 KB) |
|
| 140 |
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| 141 |
-
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A tracker that remembers everyone forever is a memory leak with a user interface. Our store
|
| 159 |
-
prunes daily and keeps
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-
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-
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-
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| 164 |
-
- A regression test, `test_month_of_events_stays_byte_bounded`, drives a *simulated month* of
|
| 165 |
-
per second presence (20 visits per day, 60 events per visit, three cameras) through daily
|
| 166 |
-
pruning and asserts the result stays **under 2 megabytes**. We read this assertion directly in
|
| 167 |
-
the test source; we did not personally re-run the month-long simulation this session, since the
|
| 168 |
-
regression suite already exercises it on every CI run.
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| 169 |
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| 170 |
-
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| 171 |
-
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| 172 |
-
in
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| 173 |
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| 174 |
## Provenance, not vibes
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| 175 |
|
| 176 |
-
Every answer the memory returns carries the episode IDs behind it,
|
| 177 |
-
|
| 178 |
-
|
| 179 |
-
`"
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| 180 |
-
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| 181 |
-
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| 182 |
-
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| 183 |
-
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| 184 |
-
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| 185 |
-
seconds, 42.85 seconds, and 53.65 seconds, each one attributable to a specific entity and episode
|
| 186 |
-
rather than a bare aggregate number.
|
| 187 |
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| 188 |
```
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| 189 |
journey(cam0 -> cam1):
|
| 190 |
-
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| 191 |
-
|
| 192 |
-
|
| 193 |
```
|
| 194 |
|
| 195 |
`summarize` can optionally narrate an answer through a local LLM (qwen3.5 via Ollama's native
|
| 196 |
`/api/chat`), but the docstring and the CLI wiring are both explicit that the model only
|
| 197 |
rephrases an answer already computed by the query functions; it is never a source of facts, and
|
| 198 |
-
it
|
| 199 |
|
| 200 |
## Test suite
|
| 201 |
|
| 202 |
-
Two test files, run this session
|
| 203 |
|
| 204 |
```
|
| 205 |
-
34 passed in 4.
|
| 206 |
```
|
| 207 |
|
| 208 |
-
Dependencies for the test run: `numpy`
|
| 209 |
-
optional `frigate` extra (`paho-mqtt`) is not required
|
| 210 |
-
|
| 211 |
-
|
| 212 |
-
|
| 213 |
-
this clone. We flag it rather than let a stale README number sit uncorrected next to a freshly
|
| 214 |
-
reproduced one.
|
| 215 |
|
| 216 |
## What running it looks like
|
| 217 |
|
| 218 |
-
The repository is proprietary and not publicly clonable; the commands below are the exact
|
| 219 |
-
|
| 220 |
-
|
| 221 |
|
| 222 |
```bash
|
| 223 |
# proprietary repository, shown for reproducibility context only
|
|
@@ -225,46 +354,43 @@ cd multicam-reasoning-memory
|
|
| 225 |
python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
|
| 226 |
pip install -e ".[dev]"
|
| 227 |
|
| 228 |
-
#
|
| 229 |
-
pytest tests/
|
| 230 |
|
| 231 |
-
#
|
| 232 |
PYTHONPATH=src python -m fleetmind.cli demo --seed 1
|
| 233 |
|
| 234 |
-
#
|
| 235 |
-
fleetmind ingest --events
|
| 236 |
-
|
| 237 |
-
fleetmind query journeys --memory site.db --from-camera cam0 --to-camera cam1
|
| 238 |
```
|
| 239 |
|
| 240 |
-
Machine this session's
|
| 241 |
-
|
| 242 |
-
|
| 243 |
-
|
| 244 |
-
|
| 245 |
-
|
| 246 |
-
|
| 247 |
-
|
| 248 |
-
|
| 249 |
-
|
| 250 |
-
|
| 251 |
-
|
| 252 |
-
|
| 253 |
-
|
| 254 |
-
|
| 255 |
-
|
| 256 |
-
|
| 257 |
-
|
| 258 |
-
|
| 259 |
-
- `position_m` is stored as provenance only; the linker
|
| 260 |
-
|
| 261 |
-
- No
|
| 262 |
-
|
| 263 |
-
|
| 264 |
-
|
| 265 |
-
|
| 266 |
-
- Dataset: [multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark)
|
| 267 |
- Live demo: [multicam-reasoning-memory-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-demo)
|
| 268 |
-
- Code: proprietary, closed source
|
| 269 |
or access inquiries: [dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
| 270 |
- Series: [post 1, the thesis](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md), [post 3, A4 calibration](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md), [post 4, portfolio overview](04_portfolio_overview.md), [post 5, Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
|
|
|
|
| 7 |
person, and it has to do that thousands of times a day, for weeks, without its memory
|
| 8 |
exploding or its identities quietly corrupting. This post is a deep dive into how our
|
| 9 |
multicam reasoning memory product (E1, package name `fleetmind`) makes that decision, what
|
| 10 |
+
it costs, what it is built from, and, new since the last revision of this post, how it behaved
|
| 11 |
+
the first time we ran it against real data: the WILDTRACK seven camera dataset, both as a
|
| 12 |
+
ground truth replay and behind a real YOLO11n plus ByteTrack detection pipeline.
|
| 13 |
|
| 14 |
The design principle we started from is asymmetric on purpose:
|
| 15 |
|
|
|
|
| 36 |
identity. When present, linking is exact. When absent, the engine has to earn the link itself
|
| 37 |
from timing alone, which is the harder and more interesting case below. Only `t`, `camera_id`,
|
| 38 |
and `track_id` are actually required; `position_m` is stored for provenance only and, notably,
|
| 39 |
+
the linker itself does not use spatial position, only per camera pair transit time.
|
| 40 |
|
| 41 |
The library is small on purpose and has no third party dependency beyond `numpy`: 9 Python
|
| 42 |
files, 1,290 lines total (`wc -l` across `src/fleetmind/*.py` and
|
|
|
|
| 44 |
logic:
|
| 45 |
|
| 46 |
- `memory.py` (303 lines): `MemoryStore`, SQLite in WAL mode. Raw events never persist; each one
|
| 47 |
+
extends an *episode*, one row per entity per camera per contiguous presence span, so storage is
|
| 48 |
`O(entities + episodes + links)`, not `O(events)`. A retention policy (`prune`) ages episodes
|
| 49 |
+
out by day and deactivates links for entities with nothing left. The distinction matters more
|
| 50 |
+
than it sounds: a camera watching a person for one minute at 1 Hz produces 60 events and
|
| 51 |
+
exactly one episode row, so the store's growth rate is set by how many *visits* happen, not by
|
| 52 |
+
frame rate.
|
| 53 |
- `linker.py` (179 lines): `CrossCameraLinker`, `TransitPrior`, `LinkerConfig`. An `identity_ref`
|
| 54 |
+
match is exact; otherwise a candidate is scored by a per camera pair Gaussian transit time
|
| 55 |
+
prior, learned online (Welford's algorithm for streaming mean and variance) **only from
|
| 56 |
+
ref confirmed links, never from the linker's own probabilistic guesses**. That restriction is
|
| 57 |
+
load bearing: a prior that learned from its own guesses would drift toward whatever it already
|
| 58 |
+
believed, and a wrong early link would teach the prior to make more of them. A camera pair
|
| 59 |
+
with no ref confirmed samples yet returns a flat, uninformative likelihood of 0.3 to every
|
| 60 |
+
candidate, which matters in the WILDTRACK diagnosis below.
|
| 61 |
- `queries.py` (97 lines): `where_is`, `history`, `who_was_at`, `journeys`, `co_occurrences`,
|
| 62 |
`summarize`.
|
| 63 |
|
| 64 |
Supporting modules: `synth.py` (104 lines, the synthetic ground truth site generator and pairwise
|
| 65 |
+
precision/recall scorer that produced every synthetic number below), `cli.py` (196 lines), and
|
| 66 |
+
`integrations/frigate.py` (330 lines, covered in its own section below).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 67 |
|
| 68 |
## Three gates, and why the third one is not decorative
|
| 69 |
|
| 70 |
Our linker scores a candidate pairing on two things: transit time plausibility (the learned
|
| 71 |
Gaussian prior over how long it takes to walk from camera *i* to camera *j*) and, when available,
|
| 72 |
the `identity_ref` term. A natural design stops at two gates: score above a bar, and margin over
|
| 73 |
+
the runner up above a bar. Concretely, in `_assign_new_track` (`linker.py`), a probabilistic
|
| 74 |
+
(non `identity_ref`) link requires the best score to clear `link_threshold` (0.5) *and* beat the
|
| 75 |
+
runner up by `margin_threshold` (0.2).
|
| 76 |
+
|
| 77 |
+
We measured what that natural, two gate design actually gets you. **Margin alone gave 0.918 site
|
| 78 |
+
precision.** The failure mechanism is worth spelling out, because it is the counterintuitive
|
| 79 |
+
heart of the design. Gaussian transit time scores are *peaky*: near the prior's mean they are
|
| 80 |
+
high and fall off fast. So when two people leave camera A about 20 seconds apart and one arrival
|
| 81 |
+
appears at camera B at a prior consistent time, both are genuinely plausible, but whichever one
|
| 82 |
+
happens to sit closer to the prior mean scores far above the other. The margin gate sees a big
|
| 83 |
+
margin and reads it as confidence. It is not confidence; it is the shape of a Gaussian. The
|
| 84 |
+
winner is the wrong person often enough to put roughly one link in twelve silently wrong, which
|
| 85 |
+
is exactly the failure the asymmetry above says we cannot tolerate. The linker's own code
|
| 86 |
+
comment records the mechanism: any second candidate above a plausibility floor makes the arrival
|
| 87 |
+
ambiguous, no link, full stop, because margin alone is not ambiguity when Gaussian scores are
|
| 88 |
+
peaky and two travelers 20 seconds apart can produce a large margin with the wrong winner.
|
| 89 |
+
|
| 90 |
+
So there is a third gate, a **uniqueness guard**: at most one candidate may sit above a lower
|
| 91 |
plausibility bar, `plausible_threshold` (0.2), at all. If a second candidate is also plausible,
|
| 92 |
+
at any margin, the link is refused outright and a new entity is created instead. The test suite
|
| 93 |
+
pins the exact scenario: two ref less people leave cam0 at t=5000.0 and t=5002.0, one arrival
|
| 94 |
+
appears at cam1 at t=5046.0 at a prior consistent transit; the correct behavior, asserted by
|
| 95 |
+
`test_ambiguity_prefers_no_link`, is a new entity, not a coin flip link. One clarification in
|
| 96 |
+
the honest spirit of this series: "refusal gate" is our prose name for this mechanism, not a
|
| 97 |
+
literal identifier in the source; the mechanism is real and load bearing, but there is no
|
| 98 |
+
function named `refusal_gate`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 99 |
|
| 100 |
| configuration | site precision | recall |
|
| 101 |
|---|---:|---:|
|
| 102 |
| margin only | 0.918 | higher, not separately reported |
|
| 103 |
| plus uniqueness guard | **1.0** (measured across 24 sites) | 0.0476 to 0.6788, scaling with reference coverage and camera count (grid below) |
|
| 104 |
|
| 105 |
+
## The synthetic evidence: a 24 site grid, not one lucky seed
|
| 106 |
|
| 107 |
A single demo run is a good walkthrough but a thin evidence base on its own. We scored the same
|
| 108 |
linker, unchanged, against a 24 site synthetic benchmark suite spanning 3 to 8 cameras, 20 to 100
|
| 109 |
people per site, and 20% to 60% external identity reference coverage, 165,902 events total. The
|
| 110 |
full per site output is published as
|
| 111 |
+
[`linking_report.json`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark)
|
| 112 |
+
on the benchmark dataset, and we downloaded and recomputed its aggregates directly for this
|
| 113 |
+
revision rather than quoting a cached number:
|
| 114 |
|
| 115 |
| result | value |
|
| 116 |
|---|---:|
|
| 117 |
| sites scored | 24 |
|
| 118 |
| total events | 165,902 |
|
| 119 |
| precision, every single site | **1.0000** (zero false merges anywhere in the grid) |
|
| 120 |
+
| recall, full range across sites | 0.0476 to 0.6788 (mean 0.4112) |
|
| 121 |
+
| recall by reference coverage (mean) | 20%: 0.2008, 40%: 0.3904, 50%: 0.4490, 60%: 0.6044 |
|
| 122 |
+
| recall by camera count (mean) | 3 cam: 0.3606, 4 cam: 0.3990, 5 cam: 0.3998, 6 cam: 0.4016, 7 cam: 0.4292, 8 cam: 0.4767 |
|
| 123 |
|
| 124 |
Precision does not move: it is exactly 1.0000 on all 24 sites, so the uniqueness guard refuses
|
| 125 |
every ambiguous pairing regardless of how sparse the reference coverage or how many cameras are
|
| 126 |
in play. Recall is the variable the design deliberately trades away, and it moves exactly where
|
| 127 |
+
the mechanism predicts: more reference coverage gives the transit prior more ref confirmed links
|
| 128 |
+
to learn from, so mean recall climbs from 0.2008 at 20% coverage to 0.6044 at 60%; more cameras
|
| 129 |
+
give the linker more transit legs to score, so mean recall climbs from 0.3606 at 3 cameras to
|
| 130 |
+
0.4767 at 8. Recall is the dial; coverage and topology turn it; and we report the honestly low
|
| 131 |
+
end of the range instead of rounding it up.
|
| 132 |
+
|
| 133 |
+
For one seed unpacked in full detail: on the committed synthetic demo (`seed=1`, a four camera
|
| 134 |
+
site, 20 people, 40% carrying an external identity reference, a configuration distinct from the
|
| 135 |
+
24 site grid and run separately), we reproduced the full pipeline again this session with
|
| 136 |
+
`PYTHONPATH=src python -m fleetmind.cli demo --seed 1`:
|
|
|
|
| 137 |
|
| 138 |
| metric | value |
|
| 139 |
|---|---:|
|
|
|
|
| 146 |
| entities in memory | 46 |
|
| 147 |
| episodes in memory | 61 |
|
| 148 |
| active links | 61 |
|
| 149 |
+
| relations (co presence) | 58 |
|
| 150 |
| memory store size | 61,440 bytes (60.0 KB) |
|
| 151 |
|
| 152 |
+
A regression gate lives in the test suite, `test_site_linking_precision_over_recall`, asserting
|
| 153 |
+
precision `>= 0.95` and recall `>= 0.35` on this same synthetic site, so a future change that
|
| 154 |
+
quietly eroded either bound would fail CI, not just this blog post.
|
| 155 |
+
|
| 156 |
+
While reproducing these numbers on an earlier pass we also found two small discrepancies between
|
| 157 |
+
the repository's own README prose and a fresh run against the same fixed seed: the README stated
|
| 158 |
+
memory size as "61 KB" (measured: 61,440 bytes, which is exactly 60.0 KB) and stated the
|
| 159 |
+
`cam0 -> cam1` journey transit range as "40 to 54 s" (fresh runs produce 37.85 s, 42.85 s, and
|
| 160 |
+
53.65 s). Both have since been corrected in the repository, and we note the history here rather
|
| 161 |
+
than pretending the prose was always right; precision, recall, and pair counts matched exactly
|
| 162 |
+
throughout, so the explanation was stale prose from an earlier run, not nondeterminism.
|
| 163 |
+
|
| 164 |
+
## First contact with real data: WILDTRACK, two ways
|
| 165 |
+
|
| 166 |
+
Everything above is synthetic, with exact ground truth. This section is what happened when the
|
| 167 |
+
same engine, unchanged, met WILDTRACK: seven overlapping HD cameras watching one university
|
| 168 |
+
courtyard, 400 annotated frames at 2 fps (200 seconds), 313 unique people, person level bounding
|
| 169 |
+
boxes per view. The evaluation ran as two legs feeding the same `fleetmind ingest` plus
|
| 170 |
+
`fleetmind score` CLI and the same pairwise metric as the synthetic benchmark, so every row is
|
| 171 |
+
directly comparable. We re ran the ingest and scoring stages of all four conditions ourselves,
|
| 172 |
+
on CPU, from the converted event streams, and the numbers below are from those fresh runs; the
|
| 173 |
+
GPU detector and tracker pass in leg 2 is attributed to the product's evidence log, which
|
| 174 |
+
commits the tracker outputs it produced.
|
| 175 |
+
|
| 176 |
+
- **Leg 1, ground truth replay.** Per camera track segments are derived from WILDTRACK's own
|
| 177 |
+
annotation visibility runs; no detector, no GPU. This isolates the linker: perfect tracks in,
|
| 178 |
+
linking quality out.
|
| 179 |
+
- **Leg 2, real pipeline.** Ultralytics YOLO11n plus ByteTrack, person class only, confidence
|
| 180 |
+
0.25, run on a rented RTX 5060 Ti over all 2,807 frames (401 per camera, about 16.6 fps
|
| 181 |
+
processing rate). fleetmind ingests the real tracker's output, fragmentation, false positives
|
| 182 |
+
and all; ground truth is used only afterward, to label tracks for scoring.
|
| 183 |
+
|
| 184 |
+
Getting the data was its own small engineering story, and since the whole point of this series
|
| 185 |
+
is showing work, here it is. The official download is gated behind a form, but the archive it
|
| 186 |
+
points to serves over plain HTTPS with Range request support, and the same 6.8 GB file is
|
| 187 |
+
mirrored publicly on Hugging Face. We only needed the 13 MB of annotation JSON plus, for leg 2,
|
| 188 |
+
the camera frames, so the evidence tooling reads the zip central directory remotely and fetches
|
| 189 |
+
individual entries by byte range instead of downloading 6.8 GB. Doing that surfaced a real bug:
|
| 190 |
+
Python's `zipfile` machinery computes a spurious "prepended data" offset of exactly 2 to the
|
| 191 |
+
power 32 for this archive, so every entry whose true offset is below 4 GB reports a header
|
| 192 |
+
offset exactly 4,294,967,296 bytes too high, while entries above 4 GB (whose offsets live in
|
| 193 |
+
zip64 extra fields) report correctly. Confirmed empirically: the first annotation JSON reports
|
| 194 |
+
offset 4,294,968,051 but its local header magic sits at byte 755. The workaround probes both the
|
| 195 |
+
reported offset and the reported offset minus 2 to the power 32, then inflates the raw deflate
|
| 196 |
+
stream directly. All 400 annotation files round tripped as valid JSON, with an md5 over the
|
| 197 |
+
sorted concatenation recorded in the evidence log.
|
| 198 |
+
|
| 199 |
+
Conversion was designed to avoid the obvious leak: `track_id` is built from per camera
|
| 200 |
+
*visibility runs*, not from the ground truth person ID, because a real tracker does not know
|
| 201 |
+
person IDs. For each person and view, visible frames are split into a new track segment whenever
|
| 202 |
+
the gap exceeds 3.0 seconds; the threshold is empirical (annotation flicker gaps of 0.5 to 3.5 s
|
| 203 |
+
are common, longer gaps are rare real departures) and the result is insensitive to it (1.5 s
|
| 204 |
+
gives 1,693 segments, 3.0 s gives 1,663, 5.0 s gives 1,653, against a floor of 1,639 if you
|
| 205 |
+
never split). In the refs=40% condition, 125 of 313 people (seed 42) carry an opaque
|
| 206 |
+
`pid:<personID>` reference on their events, mirroring how a real deployment would attach a
|
| 207 |
+
plate, badge, or embedding cluster id; the person ID never appears anywhere else.
|
| 208 |
+
|
| 209 |
+
The results, all four conditions, reproduced this session on CPU:
|
| 210 |
+
|
| 211 |
+
| run | precision | recall | true pairs | linked pairs | wrong links |
|
| 212 |
+
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|
| 213 |
+
| synthetic seed 1 baseline (non overlapping 4 cam chain, refs 40%) | 1.0 | 0.3768 | 69 | 26 | 0 |
|
| 214 |
+
| WILDTRACK ground truth replay, refs 0% | 1.0 | 0.0 | 3,903 | 0 | 0 |
|
| 215 |
+
| WILDTRACK ground truth replay, refs 40% | 1.0 | 0.4087 | 3,903 | 1,595 | 0 |
|
| 216 |
+
| WILDTRACK real tracker (YOLO11n + ByteTrack), refs 0% | 1.0 | 0.0 | 4,366 | 0 | 0 |
|
| 217 |
+
| WILDTRACK real tracker (YOLO11n + ByteTrack), refs 40% | 1.0 | 0.3502 | 4,366 | 1,529 | 0 |
|
| 218 |
+
|
| 219 |
+
**Precision is 1.0 with zero wrong links in every condition.** That includes the leg 2 stream,
|
| 220 |
+
which is deliberately hostile: the 2 fps frame spacing fragments tracks heavily (1,373 track
|
| 221 |
+
segments total, of which 993 matched to 253 real people), and the other 380 tracks (28 percent)
|
| 222 |
+
matched no ground truth person at all, false positives and reflections kept in the stream as
|
| 223 |
+
distractors,
|
| 224 |
+
where linking any of them to anything would have counted against precision. The design promise,
|
| 225 |
+
no link beats a wrong link, held under 313 real people and up to 1,023 simultaneous link
|
| 226 |
+
candidates per arrival.
|
| 227 |
+
|
| 228 |
+
**And recall without references is exactly zero, in both legs.** We are publishing that as
|
| 229 |
+
prominently as the precision, because it is the honest boundary of the current design, and the
|
| 230 |
+
diagnosis is more useful than the number. The linker's world model is sequential: a candidate
|
| 231 |
+
must have a *closed* episode on another camera before the new track's arrival, because the model
|
| 232 |
+
of the world is "a person leaves camera A, then later arrives at camera B." WILDTRACK's seven
|
| 233 |
+
cameras all overlap on one courtyard, so people are visible on several cameras at once, and
|
| 234 |
+
"transits" between cameras are mostly zero lag co visibility, not walks. Measured, not guessed:
|
| 235 |
+
in the refs 0% replay, 155 of 1,663 new track decisions had no candidates at all, and the rest
|
| 236 |
+
saw hundreds of simultaneous candidates, every one scoring the flat unlearned prior likelihood
|
| 237 |
+
of 0.3, so the uniqueness guard refused them all; with no references, no transit prior was ever
|
| 238 |
+
learned. In the refs 40% replay, only 2 of 42 camera pairs ever accumulated a ref confirmed
|
| 239 |
+
transit sample, with means of 0.5 to 1.8 seconds, which is cross view jitter, not walking time.
|
| 240 |
+
In the leg 2 stream, 29 camera pairs learned priors (fragmented tracker tracks re link via
|
| 241 |
+
references constantly), but every learned mean is 0.5 to 9.5 seconds of overlap jitter, and the
|
| 242 |
+
crowded candidate field kept the guard closed: the decision mix was 1,003 new, 269 ref link, 101
|
| 243 |
+
ref new, and **zero prior link**. This is the refusal design working as specified in a topology
|
| 244 |
+
it was not built for: it would rather link nothing than guess among hundreds of simultaneous
|
| 245 |
+
candidates.
|
| 246 |
+
|
| 247 |
+
Two scoring subtleties, stated before anyone quotes these numbers. First, all WILDTRACK recall
|
| 248 |
+
is 100 percent reference driven; the transit prior mechanism contributed zero links, so this
|
| 249 |
+
eval validates the exact match path, the refusal behavior under extreme candidate pressure, and
|
| 250 |
+
the full CLI path on real tracker output, but it does **not** validate the transit prior
|
| 251 |
+
learning that the synthetic grid measures. A fair prior path real data eval needs a genuinely
|
| 252 |
+
non overlapping camera topology, such as an AI City MTMC subset, and is still ahead of us.
|
| 253 |
+
Second, in leg 2 the reference labels and the truth mapping both derive from the same IoU
|
| 254 |
+
matching, so they simulate a *perfect* external identity source; leg 2 precision on ref links is
|
| 255 |
+
partly correct by construction, and the leg 2 refs 40% recall (0.3502) lands below the sampled
|
| 256 |
+
reference fraction (0.399) because fragmented tracks of ref less people contribute many
|
| 257 |
+
unrecoverable pairs.
|
| 258 |
+
|
| 259 |
+
## The Frigate bridge: meeting a real NVR's data where it is
|
| 260 |
+
|
| 261 |
+
`integrations/frigate.py` (330 lines) maps the open source Frigate NVR's `frigate/events` MQTT
|
| 262 |
+
stream into the same `TrackEvent` contract, so a tracker that thousands of people already run at
|
| 263 |
+
home and at small sites can feed this engine without a bespoke adapter. The interesting design
|
| 264 |
+
decision is how it populates `identity_ref`, because that field is the engine's only integration
|
| 265 |
+
surface and, per the asymmetry above, a *wrong* reference is the most expensive input the system
|
| 266 |
+
can receive: references link exactly, so a bad one causes precisely the false merge the three
|
| 267 |
+
gates exist to prevent.
|
| 268 |
+
|
| 269 |
+
Frigate attaches recognition results to its events in two places: a recognized license plate
|
| 270 |
+
(with its own score field) and a `sub_label`, whose documented shape is a `[name, score]` pair
|
| 271 |
+
(a face recognition hit, for example). The bridge applies a confidence gate to both:
|
| 272 |
+
`DEFAULT_MIN_IDENTITY_SCORE = 0.5`. A plate or sub label whose score falls below the gate is
|
| 273 |
+
dropped entirely, and the track falls back to probabilistic transit prior linking as if no
|
| 274 |
+
recognition had happened. The rationale is the same asymmetry once more: a below threshold
|
| 275 |
+
identity is worse than no identity, because the exact match path trusts it completely. When both
|
| 276 |
+
a plate and a sub label are present, the plate wins for vehicle labels, since the plate is the
|
| 277 |
+
thing Frigate actually recognized about the vehicle; plates are normalized (uppercased,
|
| 278 |
+
whitespace stripped) into `plate:<TEXT>` and sub labels become `face:<name>`. And if the score
|
| 279 |
+
field is absent, the reference passes through, which is a documented trust decision about
|
| 280 |
+
Frigate's own defaults rather than an accident. The integration's tests exercise the
|
| 281 |
+
no MQTT client fallback path explicitly, so the optional `paho-mqtt` dependency stays optional.
|
| 282 |
+
|
| 283 |
+
## Bounded memory: a month of presence under 2 MB, asserted
|
| 284 |
|
| 285 |
A tracker that remembers everyone forever is a memory leak with a user interface. Our store
|
| 286 |
+
prunes daily and keeps its footprint bounded by construction, and the bound is enforced by a
|
| 287 |
+
test, not asserted in a README. `test_month_of_events_stays_byte_bounded` simulates a month of
|
| 288 |
+
continuous per second presence: 30 days, 20 visits per day, 60 events per visit at 1 Hz, across
|
| 289 |
+
3 cameras, which is 36,000 events through the ingest path, with `prune` applied daily at 7 day
|
| 290 |
+
retention. The test then asserts two literals: the episode count stays at or below 480 (20
|
| 291 |
+
visits times 3 cameras times about 8 retained days) and the database file stays strictly under
|
| 292 |
+
`2_000_000` bytes. We re ran exactly that test in isolation this session; verbatim:
|
| 293 |
|
| 294 |
+
```
|
| 295 |
+
1 passed, 33 deselected in 2.67s
|
| 296 |
+
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 297 |
|
| 298 |
+
The mechanism is the episode aggregation described earlier: 36,000 events collapse into one
|
| 299 |
+
episode row per visit per camera, and pruning ages out whole days. For scale, the entire seed 1
|
| 300 |
+
demo site, entities, episodes, links, and relations together, fits in 61,440 bytes; the
|
| 301 |
+
WILDTRACK ground truth replay, 42,707 events from 313 people across 7 cameras, lands at
|
| 302 |
+
7,405,568 bytes before any pruning. Weeks scale memory in megabytes is what makes this
|
| 303 |
+
deployable on a small box rather than a data center, and it is a measured property, not a
|
| 304 |
+
projection. (That is a statement about the engine's measured footprint, not a claim that any
|
| 305 |
+
particular deployment exists; no deployment claims are made anywhere in this series.)
|
| 306 |
|
| 307 |
## Provenance, not vibes
|
| 308 |
|
| 309 |
+
Every answer the memory returns carries the episode IDs behind it. Concretely, in `queries.py`:
|
| 310 |
+
`where_is` attaches `"provenance": {"episode_id": ...}`, `history` attaches a list of
|
| 311 |
+
`episode_ids`, `who_was_at` attaches per entity episode lists, and `journeys` attaches
|
| 312 |
+
`{"from_episode": ..., "to_episode": ...}`. The module's own docstring states the principle
|
| 313 |
+
directly: "An answer without provenance is an assertion; these are receipts." This session's
|
| 314 |
+
fresh demo run answered a where is query with "ent_9d0d3c5133e6 was last seen on cam3 at t=387
|
| 315 |
+
(episode 31)", episode id included, and a journeys query for cam0 to cam1 returned the three
|
| 316 |
+
actual transit times it recovered, 37.85 s, 42.85 s, and 53.65 s, each tagged to a specific
|
| 317 |
+
entity and episode rather than collapsed into an average:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 318 |
|
| 319 |
```
|
| 320 |
journey(cam0 -> cam1):
|
| 321 |
+
ent_580c7b77bfe5 37.85s (episode ...)
|
| 322 |
+
ent_9d0d3c5133e6 42.85s (episode ...)
|
| 323 |
+
ent_2b396d770e67 53.65s (episode ...)
|
| 324 |
```
|
| 325 |
|
| 326 |
`summarize` can optionally narrate an answer through a local LLM (qwen3.5 via Ollama's native
|
| 327 |
`/api/chat`), but the docstring and the CLI wiring are both explicit that the model only
|
| 328 |
rephrases an answer already computed by the query functions; it is never a source of facts, and
|
| 329 |
+
turning it off changes no number the query layer returns.
|
| 330 |
|
| 331 |
## Test suite
|
| 332 |
|
| 333 |
+
Two test files, re run this session. Verbatim final line:
|
| 334 |
|
| 335 |
```
|
| 336 |
+
34 passed in 4.33s
|
| 337 |
```
|
| 338 |
|
| 339 |
+
Dependencies for the test run: `numpy` and `pytest` (both declared in `pyproject.toml`); the
|
| 340 |
+
optional `frigate` extra (`paho-mqtt`) is not required. An earlier revision of this post flagged
|
| 341 |
+
that the repository's README said "13 tests green" for one file while a fresh count found 14;
|
| 342 |
+
that count has since been corrected in the repository, and we keep the note here as part of the
|
| 343 |
+
record rather than silently retiring it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 344 |
|
| 345 |
## What running it looks like
|
| 346 |
|
| 347 |
+
The repository is proprietary and not publicly clonable; the commands below are the exact
|
| 348 |
+
sequence used to produce the numbers in this post, included for transparency about how the
|
| 349 |
+
numbers were produced, not as an installation guide.
|
| 350 |
|
| 351 |
```bash
|
| 352 |
# proprietary repository, shown for reproducibility context only
|
|
|
|
| 354 |
python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
|
| 355 |
pip install -e ".[dev]"
|
| 356 |
|
| 357 |
+
# Test suite
|
| 358 |
+
pytest tests/
|
| 359 |
|
| 360 |
+
# Synthetic end to end demo (ingest + scored linking + sample queries)
|
| 361 |
PYTHONPATH=src python -m fleetmind.cli demo --seed 1
|
| 362 |
|
| 363 |
+
# WILDTRACK evidence, ingest + score (any leg/condition)
|
| 364 |
+
PYTHONPATH=src python -m fleetmind.cli ingest --events evidence/wildtrack/events_refs40.jsonl --memory /tmp/wt.db
|
| 365 |
+
PYTHONPATH=src python -m fleetmind.cli score --memory /tmp/wt.db --truth evidence/wildtrack/truth.json
|
|
|
|
| 366 |
```
|
| 367 |
|
| 368 |
+
Machine for this session's CPU numbers: macOS, Python 3.12.13, fresh virtualenv, `numpy` plus
|
| 369 |
+
stdlib `sqlite3` only, no GPU. The leg 2 detector and tracker pass ran on a rented RTX 5060 Ti
|
| 370 |
+
(torch 2.12.0+cu130, ultralytics 8.4.90) and is attributed to the committed evidence log and its
|
| 371 |
+
committed tracker outputs.
|
| 372 |
+
|
| 373 |
+
## What we have NOT done yet, and what the limits are
|
| 374 |
+
|
| 375 |
+
- **The transit prior path has no real data validation yet.** WILDTRACK's overlapping topology
|
| 376 |
+
structurally starves it (diagnosed above, zero prior links in all four conditions), so the
|
| 377 |
+
prior's synthetic grid numbers stand alone until a genuinely non overlapping real dataset,
|
| 378 |
+
such as an AI City MTMC subset with disjoint coverage, is run. If the uniqueness guard costs
|
| 379 |
+
more recall there than the 0.0476 to 0.6788 synthetic range suggests, we will publish that.
|
| 380 |
+
- **Timestamps are assumed clock aligned (NTP) across cameras.** There is no per camera clock
|
| 381 |
+
offset estimation yet; it is the documented v1 non feature and the natural upgrade, since it
|
| 382 |
+
would tighten transit priors without touching the linking logic. Until then, a site with
|
| 383 |
+
drifting camera clocks would silently widen or bias the learned priors.
|
| 384 |
+
- **Recall is deliberately partial, and scales with reference coverage.** Concurrent ref less
|
| 385 |
+
travelers at the same camera pair transit trip the uniqueness guard on purpose. A split costs
|
| 386 |
+
one duplicate entity row; a wrong merge costs weeks of poisoned history.
|
| 387 |
+
- `position_m` is stored as provenance only; the linker uses per camera pair transit time and
|
| 388 |
+
nothing spatial.
|
| 389 |
+
- No model weights ship with this product and none are needed; it is an algorithmic engine, so
|
| 390 |
+
there is nothing to publish to a model hub.
|
| 391 |
+
|
| 392 |
+
- Dataset (benchmark + per site grid report): [multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 393 |
- Live demo: [multicam-reasoning-memory-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-demo)
|
| 394 |
+
- Code: proprietary, closed source; the open surface is the evidence quoted above. Partnership
|
| 395 |
or access inquiries: [dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
| 396 |
- Series: [post 1, the thesis](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md), [post 3, A4 calibration](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md), [post 4, portfolio overview](04_portfolio_overview.md), [post 5, Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
|
03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -4,188 +4,256 @@
|
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
Counting people through occlusion is the kind of problem where it is easy to publish a good
|
| 6 |
looking accuracy number and quietly bury the uncertainty. We want to argue the opposite: for
|
| 7 |
-
occluded counting, **the calibrated interval is the real deliverable, and the point estimate
|
| 8 |
-
|
| 9 |
-
|
| 10 |
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 11 |
|
| 12 |
## What this is, and what it is not
|
| 13 |
|
| 14 |
`amodal-counting` (package name `amodal`) is a library and CLI, not a hosted model: no detector
|
| 15 |
-
is bundled and no weights ship
|
| 16 |
-
|
| 17 |
-
|
| 18 |
-
|
| 19 |
-
|
|
|
|
| 20 |
|
| 21 |
## The setup
|
| 22 |
|
| 23 |
A detector in a crowded scene systematically *undercounts*: it never reports the people it
|
| 24 |
-
cannot see. The textbook fix is Horvitz Thompson estimation: weight each detection by
|
| 25 |
-
|
| 26 |
-
|
| 27 |
-
from box geometry alone
|
| 28 |
-
covered by other detections in front of it (bottom edge depth order
|
| 29 |
-
the standard fixed camera convention), and not truncated by the image border. A missed
|
| 30 |
-
|
| 31 |
-
|
| 32 |
-
|
| 33 |
-
|
| 34 |
-
|
| 35 |
-
|
| 36 |
-
|
| 37 |
-
The estimator (`src/amodal/estimator.py`) has three honesty gates in the code itself, not just
|
| 38 |
-
the docs: the corrected estimate can never drop below the raw detection count
|
| 39 |
(`estimate = max(estimate, n_detected)`); every per detection weight is capped at `1 / min_p`
|
| 40 |
-
(default `min_p=0.30`, a maximum weight of about 3.3x) so a single
|
| 41 |
cannot conjure a crowd on its own; and any detection whose visibility fell outside the curve's
|
| 42 |
-
calibrated support sets `extrapolation_limited=True` on the whole estimate.
|
| 43 |
-
|
| 44 |
-
|
| 45 |
-
|
| 46 |
-
|
| 47 |
-
|
| 48 |
-
|
| 49 |
-
|
| 50 |
-
|
| 51 |
-
|
| 52 |
-
|
| 53 |
-
|
| 54 |
-
|
| 55 |
-
|
|
| 56 |
-
|
|
| 57 |
-
|
| 58 |
-
|
| 59 |
-
|
| 60 |
-
3.
|
| 61 |
-
|
| 62 |
-
|
| 63 |
-
|
| 64 |
-
|
| 65 |
-
|
| 66 |
-
|
| 67 |
-
|
| 68 |
-
|
| 69 |
-
|
| 70 |
-
|
| 71 |
-
|
| 72 |
-
|
| 73 |
-
|
| 74 |
-
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
| 75 |
|
| 76 |
| min_p | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
|
| 77 |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|
| 78 |
| MAE | 2.89 | 2.21 | 1.71 | 1.52 |
|
| 79 |
|
| 80 |
-
|
| 81 |
-
|
| 82 |
-
|
| 83 |
-
|
| 84 |
-
|
| 85 |
-
not a
|
| 86 |
-
|
| 87 |
-
##
|
| 88 |
-
|
| 89 |
-
|
| 90 |
-
|
| 91 |
-
|
| 92 |
-
|
| 93 |
-
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| 94 |
-
|
| 95 |
-
|
| 96 |
-
|
| 97 |
-
|
| 98 |
-
|
| 99 |
-
|
| 100 |
-
**
|
| 101 |
-
|
| 102 |
-
|
| 103 |
-
|
| 104 |
-
|
| 105 |
-
|
| 106 |
-
|
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|
|
| 107 |
|
| 108 |
-
|
| 109 |
-
crowding 0.0: analytic coverage ~0.50-0.63 -> conformal multiplier applied -> 0.90
|
| 110 |
-
crowding 0.3: analytic coverage ~0.50-0.63 -> conformal multiplier applied -> 0.90
|
| 111 |
-
crowding 0.6: analytic coverage ~0.50-0.63 -> conformal multiplier applied -> 0.975
|
| 112 |
-
crowding 0.8: analytic coverage ~0.50-0.63 -> conformal multiplier applied -> 0.975
|
| 113 |
-
```
|
| 114 |
|
| 115 |
-
|
| 116 |
-
|
| 117 |
-
|
| 118 |
-
`
|
| 119 |
-
|
| 120 |
-
|
| 121 |
-
|
| 122 |
-
`ultralytics`/`sahi`, and the CrowdHuman dataset, none of which this drafting pass had access to.
|
| 123 |
-
|
| 124 |
-
The honest headline: **the one directional correction did not beat naive counting on real
|
| 125 |
-
data.** Naive MAE was 11.767; the corrected estimate came in worse, at 22.475 for the single
|
| 126 |
-
feature detectability curve and 28.228 for the multivariate variant, with interval coverage
|
| 127 |
-
collapsing to about 39 to 41% against the 90% target, the opposite of the synthetic result above.
|
| 128 |
-
The evidence trail's own diagnosis: the geometric visibility signal alone was a weak predictor of
|
| 129 |
-
real misses on this detector (the fitted detectability curve came out nearly flat), because this
|
| 130 |
-
detector's real error was a comparable *two sided* mix of genuine occlusion undercount and
|
| 131 |
-
tiling driven overcount (an artifact of SAHI's sliding-window tiling), which a one directional,
|
| 132 |
-
weight only correction cannot fix by construction, no matter how well calibrated.
|
| 133 |
-
|
| 134 |
-
The fix that did work adds a second fitted model, `p_true` (the probability a detection is a real
|
| 135 |
-
object rather than a duplicate or tiling artifact, from confidence, scale, local density, and
|
| 136 |
-
tile seam proximity), and reweights each detection by `p_true / p_detect` instead of `1 / p_detect`
|
| 137 |
-
alone. That two sided estimator is the first variant in the evidence trail to beat naive on this
|
| 138 |
-
real dataset: MAE improved from 11.767 to 11.031, and coverage reached 90.67% against the 90%
|
| 139 |
-
target. It comes at a deliberate cost: the two sided estimator drops the never-below-raw-count
|
| 140 |
-
honesty floor by design, documented as an intentional, narrow relaxation once a detection can
|
| 141 |
-
itself be spurious rather than merely hidden. And even this improved variant is disclosed as
|
| 142 |
-
incomplete on the hardest cases: on the 20 single densest scenes in the same evidence log (up to
|
| 143 |
-
227 true people counted from as few as 20 to 30 raw detections), naive counting remains better,
|
| 144 |
-
and the estimator's own coverage flag correctly drops to 50%, signaling extrapolation rather than
|
| 145 |
-
silently failing. We are publishing the regression alongside the fix, and the fix's own remaining
|
| 146 |
-
weak spot, because that is the entire point of measuring instead of asserting.
|
| 147 |
|
| 148 |
## Test suite
|
| 149 |
|
| 150 |
`tests/test_core.py` (37 test functions) and `tests/test_temporal_bench_cli.py` (9 test
|
| 151 |
-
functions), 46
|
| 152 |
-
|
| 153 |
|
| 154 |
```
|
| 155 |
-
46 passed in
|
| 156 |
```
|
| 157 |
|
| 158 |
-
|
| 159 |
-
|
| 160 |
-
Beyond the per-frame estimator, `src/amodal/temporal.py`'s `PersistentCounter` treats a tracked
|
| 161 |
-
object that vanishes mid frame, away from any exit region, as probably occluded rather than gone,
|
| 162 |
-
with a survival probability that decays over hidden time. The decay half life is fit from
|
| 163 |
-
observed reappearance gap statistics (`fit_halflife`, a maximum likelihood exponential fit:
|
| 164 |
-
half life = mean times ln 2), not hand picked, and a track last seen near the image border is
|
| 165 |
-
credited as departed, not occluded, so the persistence model does not fight the geometry model's
|
| 166 |
-
own border truncation logic.
|
| 167 |
|
| 168 |
## What we have NOT done yet, and will not pretend we have
|
| 169 |
|
| 170 |
-
|
| 171 |
-
|
| 172 |
-
|
| 173 |
-
|
| 174 |
-
|
| 175 |
-
|
| 176 |
-
|
| 177 |
-
|
| 178 |
-
|
| 179 |
-
|
| 180 |
-
|
| 181 |
-
|
| 182 |
-
|
| 183 |
-
|
| 184 |
-
|
| 185 |
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 186 |
|
| 187 |
- Dataset: [amodal-counting-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/amodal-counting-benchmark)
|
| 188 |
- Live demo: [amodal-counting-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/amodal-counting-demo)
|
| 189 |
-
- Code: proprietary, closed source
|
| 190 |
or access inquiries: [dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
| 191 |
- Series: [post 1, the thesis](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md), [post 2, E1 precision first linking](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md), [post 4, portfolio overview](04_portfolio_overview.md), [post 5, Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
Counting people through occlusion is the kind of problem where it is easy to publish a good
|
| 6 |
looking accuracy number and quietly bury the uncertainty. We want to argue the opposite: for
|
| 7 |
+
occluded counting, **the calibrated interval is the real deliverable, and the point estimate is
|
| 8 |
+
almost a side effect.** This post walks through the method and its numbers in the order we found
|
| 9 |
+
them, and then tells the story this series exists to tell: what happened when the method met
|
| 10 |
+
real photographs for the first time, failed, was diagnosed, failed again more instructively,
|
| 11 |
+
and finally won, with every intermediate defeat kept in the record. The synthetic results come
|
| 12 |
+
first because they came first chronologically; the real data saga is the second half, and it is
|
| 13 |
+
the longer half on purpose.
|
| 14 |
|
| 15 |
## What this is, and what it is not
|
| 16 |
|
| 17 |
`amodal-counting` (package name `amodal`) is a library and CLI, not a hosted model: no detector
|
| 18 |
+
is bundled and no weights ship. You bring your own box output detector; this library corrects
|
| 19 |
+
its count and, more importantly, tells you how much to trust the correction. It is not a claim
|
| 20 |
+
of a universal win: the evidence below includes measured cases where the correction loses to
|
| 21 |
+
naive counting, on synthetic data and on real data, each documented with the conditions under
|
| 22 |
+
which it loses. It is not deployed at any customer site, and no customer or deployment claim
|
| 23 |
+
appears anywhere in this post.
|
| 24 |
|
| 25 |
## The setup
|
| 26 |
|
| 27 |
A detector in a crowded scene systematically *undercounts*: it never reports the people it
|
| 28 |
+
cannot see. The textbook fix is Horvitz Thompson estimation: weight each detection by 1 divided
|
| 29 |
+
by p(detect given visibility), so a barely visible detection stands in for the several similar
|
| 30 |
+
ones it statistically represents. Visibility itself (`src/amodal/visibility.py`) is computed
|
| 31 |
+
from box geometry alone: the fraction of a detection's box not covered by known occluders, not
|
| 32 |
+
covered by other detections in front of it (bottom edge depth order, lower in frame is closer,
|
| 33 |
+
the standard fixed camera convention), and not truncated by the image border. A missed occluder
|
| 34 |
+
can only make this estimate look *less* occluded than reality, so the bias runs one direction,
|
| 35 |
+
down, which keeps the correction conservative by construction. The detectability curve, a
|
| 36 |
+
logistic in visibility with parameters k and v0, is fit from data and refit per crowding level,
|
| 37 |
+
and it carries its own calibrated support: a query outside the 2nd to 98th percentile of
|
| 38 |
+
visibilities seen during fitting is clamped to the boundary and the result is flagged
|
| 39 |
+
`extrapolation_limited`, never silently extrapolated.
|
| 40 |
+
|
| 41 |
+
The estimator (`src/amodal/estimator.py`) has three honesty gates in the code itself, not just
|
| 42 |
+
in the docs: the corrected estimate can never drop below the raw detection count
|
| 43 |
(`estimate = max(estimate, n_detected)`); every per detection weight is capped at `1 / min_p`
|
| 44 |
+
(default `min_p = 0.30`, a maximum weight of about 3.3x) so a single deeply occluded detection
|
| 45 |
cannot conjure a crowd on its own; and any detection whose visibility fell outside the curve's
|
| 46 |
+
calibrated support sets `extrapolation_limited = True` on the whole estimate. Hold on to that
|
| 47 |
+
first gate, the never below raw count floor. It encodes an assumption, "detections are real,
|
| 48 |
+
errors are only misses," and the real data section below is largely the story of that assumption
|
| 49 |
+
meeting a detector for which it is false.
|
| 50 |
+
|
| 51 |
+
## The synthetic results: where the method works, and where it already loses
|
| 52 |
+
|
| 53 |
+
On our synthetic benchmark (160 scenes, 40 per crowding level, calibrated on 60 training worlds
|
| 54 |
+
and evaluated fresh on 40 held out worlds per level, so nothing below is computed on data the
|
| 55 |
+
calibration saw), correction lowers mean absolute error at every crowding level tested. We
|
| 56 |
+
re ran this table digit for digit this session with `bench --seed 0` in a clean virtualenv
|
| 57 |
+
(Python 3.12, `numpy` and `scipy` only):
|
| 58 |
+
|
| 59 |
+
| crowding | naive MAE | corrected MAE | 90% interval coverage (conformal) | z multiplier |
|
| 60 |
+
|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|
| 61 |
+
| 0.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 0.90 | 6.726 |
|
| 62 |
+
| 0.3 | 2.6 | 1.97 | 0.90 | 8.2022 |
|
| 63 |
+
| 0.6 | 2.85 | 2.34 | 0.975 | 14.4634 |
|
| 64 |
+
| 0.8 | 3.73 | 2.46 | 0.975 | 7.7541 |
|
| 65 |
+
|
| 66 |
+
The last column is the honest headline of the method, and it needs its own paragraph. The
|
| 67 |
+
textbook analytic error bar, the independent Bernoulli Horvitz Thompson variance formula you
|
| 68 |
+
would derive on a whiteboard, measured **0.50 to 0.63 actual coverage against a claimed 0.90**
|
| 69 |
+
on this benchmark. Shipped as is, it would tell operators "90% sure" while being right barely
|
| 70 |
+
half the time, which is arguably worse than no interval at all, because it converts a guess into
|
| 71 |
+
a false guarantee. We do not hand tune the formula. We calibrate it conformally
|
| 72 |
+
(`fit_interval_scale`, a standard split conformal procedure: run inference over labeled
|
| 73 |
+
calibration scenes, collect the ratios of actual absolute error to claimed sigma, take their
|
| 74 |
+
finite sample quantile as a multiplier `z_scale` on the analytic sigma). The fitted multipliers
|
| 75 |
+
in the table run from **6.726 to 14.4634**: the uncalibrated error bar was roughly an order of
|
| 76 |
+
magnitude too tight, and publishing the multiplier is publishing exactly how wrong the
|
| 77 |
+
overconfident version would have been. After calibration, measured coverage meets or exceeds the
|
| 78 |
+
90% claim at every crowding level. An estimate only reports a calibrated coverage claim if its
|
| 79 |
+
curve actually carries a fitted `z_scale`; otherwise the CLI marks `interval_calibrated: false`
|
| 80 |
+
rather than implying a guarantee that was never measured.
|
| 81 |
+
|
| 82 |
+
Even on synthetic data, the point estimate correction is not a free lunch, and two measured
|
| 83 |
+
regressions are kept in the record. First, uncapped weights: with `min_p = 0.1`, the variance
|
| 84 |
+
from a handful of near zero probability detections swamps the bias reduction, and per scene MAE
|
| 85 |
+
came out **worse than naive**, 2.89 versus 2.63, at crowding 0.6. Sweeping the cap at that
|
| 86 |
+
crowding level made the tradeoff explicit:
|
| 87 |
|
| 88 |
| min_p | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
|
| 89 |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
|
| 90 |
| MAE | 2.89 | 2.21 | 1.71 | 1.52 |
|
| 91 |
|
| 92 |
+
The shipped default is chosen from that measured sweep, not from taste. Second, calibration must
|
| 93 |
+
be done on *inference aligned* visibility, computed exactly the way the deployed pipeline
|
| 94 |
+
computes it, not on ground truth visibility; skipping that step was measured to turn a helpful
|
| 95 |
+
correction into a harmful one (MAE 3.13 versus a naive 2.63 at one crowding level). Both
|
| 96 |
+
regressions stayed in the benchmark documentation, because a method whose failure modes you have
|
| 97 |
+
not published is a method whose failure modes you have not finished finding.
|
| 98 |
+
|
| 99 |
+
## The real data saga: four acts on CrowdHuman
|
| 100 |
+
|
| 101 |
+
Everything above has exact synthetic ground truth. The repository's evidence log,
|
| 102 |
+
`evidence/a4_realdata/RESULTS.md`, documents what happened when the method was pointed at real
|
| 103 |
+
photographs, in four chronological stages, each committed on 2026-07-09 with its own numbers.
|
| 104 |
+
The setup, fixed across all four acts: CrowdHuman validation images, 270 of them split into 80
|
| 105 |
+
calibration, 40 interval calibration, and 150 evaluation images (disjoint, seed 42), containing
|
| 106 |
+
6,809 ground truth person boxes; a SAHI tiled YOLOv8s detector (640x640 tiles, 20% overlap),
|
| 107 |
+
person class only, run on a rented RTX 5060 Ti. We attribute these numbers to that evidence log
|
| 108 |
+
and its committed per scene outputs rather than re running them for this post, because
|
| 109 |
+
reproducing them needs a GPU, `ultralytics` and `sahi`, and the CrowdHuman images; everything
|
| 110 |
+
synthetic in this post we re ran ourselves.
|
| 111 |
+
|
| 112 |
+
**Act 1: the fair re test, and a clean failure.** After fixing the detector configuration
|
| 113 |
+
itself (the first, naive full image detector pass had 16% recall, useless for testing a
|
| 114 |
+
correction; SAHI tiling brought recall to 56.25% at IoU 0.5), the one directional correction
|
| 115 |
+
got its first fair test. It failed: naive MAE 14.08, corrected MAE **28.204**, interval coverage
|
| 116 |
+
**0.3933** against the 90% target. The fitted detectability curve told the story of why: it came
|
| 117 |
+
out nearly flat, k = 0.2925, v0 = 0.0603, with p(detect given visibility) spanning only 0.50 to
|
| 118 |
+
0.57 across the whole visibility range. On this detector, geometric visibility barely predicts
|
| 119 |
+
misses. And the error structure was the deeper problem: decomposing naive error across the 150
|
| 120 |
+
evaluation scenes showed 85 scenes *overcounted* (total +1,045) against 55 undercounted (total
|
| 121 |
+
-1,067), a nearly balanced two sided mix, with mean signed error -0.15. Naive counting was
|
| 122 |
+
already nearly unbiased on average. A one directional correction, whose weights are always at
|
| 123 |
+
least 1 and whose floor forbids ever going below the raw count, can only push counts up; applied
|
| 124 |
+
to an already balanced error, its almost constant 1.8 to 2x multiplier turned a mean signed
|
| 125 |
+
error of -0.15 into +21.05. The floor that was an honesty gate on synthetic data, where all
|
| 126 |
+
error is misses, became the mechanism of failure on real data, where half the error is spurious
|
| 127 |
+
detections. The overcount half of the problem traced to SAHI itself: sliding window tiling
|
| 128 |
+
produces duplicate and partial boxes along tile seams that survive fusion.
|
| 129 |
+
|
| 130 |
+
**Act 2: a richer curve, an unchanged failure, and the diagnosis confirmed.** The obvious
|
| 131 |
+
objection to act 1 is "your visibility feature is just weak; fit a better detectability model."
|
| 132 |
+
So that is what happened next: a multivariate logistic detectability curve over visibility,
|
| 133 |
+
scene relative log scale, local density, and normalized image position, fit on 2,174 calibration
|
| 134 |
+
pairs (1,181 detected, 993 missed). The fit itself confirmed the diagnosis quantitatively: point
|
| 135 |
+
biserial correlations with detection were 0.458 for log scale and 0.433 for vertical position,
|
| 136 |
+
against **0.051 for visibility**. On this detector, size and position predict detection; the
|
| 137 |
+
occlusion geometry the whole method was built around barely does. And the result got *worse*,
|
| 138 |
+
not better: corrected MAE **34.039** (against the same naive 14.08), coverage 0.4067. The
|
| 139 |
+
evidence log's root cause analysis explains why more information can hurt: the correlation
|
| 140 |
+
between a scene's naive error and its mean predicted detectability came out at -0.37, meaning
|
| 141 |
+
the scenes with the most false positives are exactly the scenes where the curve predicts the
|
| 142 |
+
lowest detectability and therefore applies the largest upward multiplier. The failure was
|
| 143 |
+
structural, one directional weights against two sided error, not a fixable weakness in the
|
| 144 |
+
curve. That is worth pausing on, because it is the shape of a lot of real regressions: the first
|
| 145 |
+
fix attempt targets the visible symptom (a weak feature) and instead sharpens the underlying
|
| 146 |
+
mismatch.
|
| 147 |
+
|
| 148 |
+
**Act 3: fix the detector, watch the correction still lose.** If tiling artifacts cause the
|
| 149 |
+
overcount half, tune the tiling. A 25 configuration sweep over SAHI's postprocessing (algorithm,
|
| 150 |
+
match metric, match threshold, confidence threshold, overlap) found a setting, GREEDYNMM with
|
| 151 |
+
IoU matching at threshold 0.3 and confidence 0.15, that improved recall and precision
|
| 152 |
+
*simultaneously*: recall 56.25% to 61.89%, precision 57.53% to 61.82%, false positives 2,827
|
| 153 |
+
down to 2,603 even as total detections rose. That was the single biggest win in the whole
|
| 154 |
+
evidence trail for the *point estimate*: naive MAE dropped from 14.08 to **11.767**, a 16.4%
|
| 155 |
+
relative improvement, before any correction at all. Rebuilt on the better detector, the
|
| 156 |
+
corrected estimators improved too (one directional: 22.475; multivariate: 28.228) but **still
|
| 157 |
+
lost to naive**, and the error decomposition explained why with the same shape as before: 87
|
| 158 |
+
scenes overcounted (+922) against 51 undercounted (-843). Cleaning up the detector reduced the
|
| 159 |
+
problem's size, not its two sided shape. Act 3's lesson is the cheapest in the saga: before
|
| 160 |
+
correcting a detector statistically, spend a day tuning the detector, because the best
|
| 161 |
+
correction of a bad configuration lost to the uncorrected output of a good one.
|
| 162 |
+
|
| 163 |
+
**Act 4: make the estimator two sided, and finally win.** The structural diagnosis dictated the
|
| 164 |
+
fix: if detections can be spurious, the estimator needs a model of *that*, not just of misses.
|
| 165 |
+
Act 4 adds a second fitted model, `p_true`, the probability that a detection is a real object
|
| 166 |
+
rather than a duplicate or tiling artifact, fit on 2,196 calibration split detections (1,321
|
| 167 |
+
matched to ground truth, 875 not) over four features that need no ground truth at inference
|
| 168 |
+
time: the detector's own confidence, scene relative log scale, local detection density, and
|
| 169 |
+
proximity to the nearest SAHI tile seam. The fitted coefficients (standardized) came out
|
| 170 |
+
confidence 0.326, log scale 0.687, density -0.181, seam proximity -0.287, every sign in the
|
| 171 |
+
direction it should be, with a held out Brier score of about 0.10. Interestingly, scale, not
|
| 172 |
+
confidence, carried the largest weight; the evidence log flags that rather than tidying it into
|
| 173 |
+
the expected story. Each detection's weight becomes `p_true / max(p_detect, min_p_detect)`
|
| 174 |
+
instead of `1 / p_detect`, and the never below raw count floor is **deliberately dropped**,
|
| 175 |
+
documented in the estimator as an intentional, narrow relaxation: once a detection can itself be
|
| 176 |
+
spurious, forbidding the estimate to go below the raw count would forbid the correction from
|
| 177 |
+
correcting. The one free parameter, `min_p_detect`, was selected by sweeping 0.05 to 0.95 on the
|
| 178 |
+
40 image interval split only, never touching evaluation data; the minimum sat at 0.70 in a broad
|
| 179 |
+
basin, where the interval split already showed the estimator beating naive (11.807 versus
|
| 180 |
+
12.025). Applied once to the held out 150 scene evaluation split:
|
| 181 |
+
|
| 182 |
+
| estimator | MAE | 90% interval coverage |
|
| 183 |
+
|---|---:|---:|
|
| 184 |
+
| naive count | 11.767 | n/a |
|
| 185 |
+
| one directional (act 3 detector) | 22.475 | ~0.39 |
|
| 186 |
+
| **two sided (p_true / p_detect)** | **11.031** | **0.9067** |
|
| 187 |
+
|
| 188 |
+
A 6.3% relative MAE improvement over naive, and, for the first time on real data, an interval
|
| 189 |
+
that means what it says: 90.67% measured coverage against a 90% claim. On the pre specified
|
| 190 |
+
occlusion heavy subset (the top 30% of scenes by CrowdHuman's own per box occlusion flags, 45
|
| 191 |
+
scenes with mean ground truth occlusion fraction 0.877), the two sided estimator also wins,
|
| 192 |
+
17.222 versus 18.867 naive, which is exactly the regime where act 3's one directional variant
|
| 193 |
+
had been losing by 1.7 to 2.2x.
|
| 194 |
+
|
| 195 |
+
**The boundary that remains, disclosed.** On the 20 densest scenes in the evaluation split, up
|
| 196 |
+
to 227 true people represented by as few as 20 to 30 raw detections, naive counting is still
|
| 197 |
+
better: naive MAE 40.0 versus two sided 46.171, and the estimator's own coverage flag drops to
|
| 198 |
+
0.50, correctly signaling extrapolation far outside the calibration density range instead of
|
| 199 |
+
failing silently. Up weighting genuine but sparse detections is inherently unstable when the
|
| 200 |
+
detector has collapsed; the honest response is the wider flagged interval the estimator already
|
| 201 |
+
produces, and the honest scope statement is the one the evidence log makes: the product's valid
|
| 202 |
+
regime is moderate density scenes with a reasonably configured detector, and dense crowd
|
| 203 |
+
counting beyond detector collapse belongs to density map methods, not detection reweighting.
|
| 204 |
+
|
| 205 |
+
Four acts, one pattern: every failure was measured, diagnosed to a mechanism, and published
|
| 206 |
+
before the next attempt, and the fix that finally worked was dictated by the diagnosis rather
|
| 207 |
+
than by trying harder with the same assumption. The two sided estimator exists *because* acts 1
|
| 208 |
+
through 3 are in the record; a lab that buried act 1 would still be tuning curve features.
|
| 209 |
|
| 210 |
+
## A fifth mechanism: occlusion persistence over time
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 211 |
|
| 212 |
+
Beyond the per frame estimator, `src/amodal/temporal.py`'s `PersistentCounter` treats a tracked
|
| 213 |
+
object that vanishes mid frame, away from any exit region, as probably occluded rather than
|
| 214 |
+
gone, with a survival probability that decays over hidden time. The decay half life is fit from
|
| 215 |
+
observed reappearance gap statistics (`fit_halflife`, a maximum likelihood exponential fit: half
|
| 216 |
+
life equals mean gap times ln 2), not hand picked, and a track last seen near the image border
|
| 217 |
+
is credited as departed rather than occluded, so the persistence model does not fight the
|
| 218 |
+
geometry model's border truncation logic.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 219 |
|
| 220 |
## Test suite
|
| 221 |
|
| 222 |
`tests/test_core.py` (37 test functions) and `tests/test_temporal_bench_cli.py` (9 test
|
| 223 |
+
functions), 46 total, counted with `grep -c "^def test_"`. Re run this session,
|
| 224 |
+
`PYTHONPATH=src python -m pytest tests/`; verbatim final line:
|
| 225 |
|
| 226 |
```
|
| 227 |
+
46 passed in 2.22s
|
| 228 |
```
|
| 229 |
|
| 230 |
+
(An earlier revision of this post quoted `46 passed in 12.76s` from a previous session's run on
|
| 231 |
+
the same suite; the count is what is load bearing, the wall time varies with the machine.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 232 |
|
| 233 |
## What we have NOT done yet, and will not pretend we have
|
| 234 |
|
| 235 |
+
- The CrowdHuman result is one real dataset, one detector family, one tiling configuration. The
|
| 236 |
+
protocol for adapting further real crowd datasets (ShanghaiTech, JHU CROWD++) is written,
|
| 237 |
+
including the awkward part, deriving ground truth boxes from point annotations, but those runs
|
| 238 |
+
have not happened. The interesting question there is coverage, not accuracy: whether the
|
| 239 |
+
calibrated interval still holds its claim on a dataset it was not developed against.
|
| 240 |
+
- The two sided estimator's `p_true` model includes a SAHI specific feature (tile seam
|
| 241 |
+
proximity). On a detector that does not tile, that feature is inert and the model would lean
|
| 242 |
+
on confidence, scale, and density alone; that configuration has not been separately measured.
|
| 243 |
+
- The dense scene boundary above is real and currently unsolved in this product: past detector
|
| 244 |
+
collapse, reweighting loses to naive counting, and the estimator's contribution is to *flag*
|
| 245 |
+
that regime (coverage 0.50, extrapolation limited) rather than fix it.
|
| 246 |
+
- A GPU phase learned amodal completion model, intended as a stronger visibility and
|
| 247 |
+
detectability source behind the same interfaces, is not implemented. This remains a research
|
| 248 |
+
stage engine.
|
| 249 |
+
|
| 250 |
+
The takeaway is not "we count crowds better." It is: **we tell you how much to trust the count,
|
| 251 |
+
we measured how wrong the naive confidence would have been (6.7x to 14.5x too tight), and when
|
| 252 |
+
the first real world test made the correction worse, we published the regression, diagnosed it
|
| 253 |
+
to a mechanism, and kept the diagnosis in the record next to the fix it eventually produced.**
|
| 254 |
|
| 255 |
- Dataset: [amodal-counting-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/amodal-counting-benchmark)
|
| 256 |
- Live demo: [amodal-counting-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/amodal-counting-demo)
|
| 257 |
+
- Code: proprietary, closed source; the open surface is the evidence quoted above. Partnership
|
| 258 |
or access inquiries: [dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
| 259 |
- Series: [post 1, the thesis](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md), [post 2, E1 precision first linking](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md), [post 4, portfolio overview](04_portfolio_overview.md), [post 5, Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
|
04_portfolio_overview.md
CHANGED
|
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*Dhi Labs, post 4 of 5: a portfolio overview*
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The first three posts in this series made a specific argument about two of our
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Across the six products
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## A4: amodal counting
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- Dataset: [amodal-counting-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/amodal-counting-benchmark)
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- Demo: [amodal-counting-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/amodal-counting-demo)
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## E1: multicam reasoning memory
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plausible took precision to 1.0
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- Dataset: [multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark)
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- Demo: [multicam-reasoning-memory-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-demo)
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## A3: fixed camera 3D
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**Under the hood:** 916 lines across 7 files (`camera.py`, `calibration.py`, `metric.py`,
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`depth_fusion.py`, `bench.py`, `cli.py`), `numpy` and `scipy` only. A depth-fusion path
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(`fit_depth_scale`, Theil-Sen median-of-slopes anchor fitting) takes any relative-depth model as
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a plain callable, so the fusion math is fully unit-tested today with no model plugged in;
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concrete depth-model adapters and an edge TensorRT path are explicit future work, not shipped.
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- Dataset: [fixed-camera-3d-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/fixed-camera-3d-benchmark)
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- Demo: [fixed-camera-3d-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/fixed-camera-3d-demo)
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## E4: causal predictive alerting
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instead of inflating per-person blame to sound more decisive.
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- Dataset: [causal-predictive-alerting-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/causal-predictive-alerting-benchmark)
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- Demo: [causal-predictive-alerting-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/causal-predictive-alerting-demo)
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## A5: thermal perception
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native perception, built so
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an AGC normalization zoo, cross
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math, and closed
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on a rented RTX 5060 Ti) sit far below the repo's own 200,000-frame pretraining floor and are
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both labeled mechanics pilots, not quality evidence, in the repo's own results docs.
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- Dataset: [thermal-perception-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/thermal-perception-benchmark)
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- Demo: [thermal-perception-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/thermal-perception-demo)
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## B1: Prompt2Model
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registry, ONNX export with metadata verification, and pluggable deployment targets (ONNX Runtime
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by default, TensorRT when `trtexec` is present, otherwise a reproducible on-device build recipe).
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The toy smoke test's exported classification model runs at roughly 150 ms per image on CPU
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(1.52M parameters); the toy detection model runs at roughly 36 ms per image on CPU (2.22M
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parameters, mAP@0.5 of 0.053 on a training set of a few dozen images, disclosed as a pipeline
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smoke test, not a benchmark).
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- Dataset: [prompt2model-examples](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-examples)
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- Demo: [prompt2model-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-demo)
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- Code (public, MIT licensed): [Prompt2Model-Language-Guided-Vision-Model-Factory](https://github.com/DHI-Technologies-Inc/Prompt2Model-Language-Guided-Vision-Model-Factory)
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- Deep dive: [Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
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## The pattern across all six
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Four mechanisms recur across these
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gaps between prior prose and a fresh run, and every one of them is disclosed in the matching
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post rather than quietly rounded away. That is the whole thesis from post 1, applied six times,
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plus a seventh product now stepping into the same public accountability the moment it ships its
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first release.
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- Series: [post 1, the thesis](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md), [post 2, E1 deep dive](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md), [post 3, A4 deep dive](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md), [post 5, Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
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- Collection: [Dhi Labs, honest edge vision AI](https://huggingface.co/collections/Dhi-Technologies/dhi-labs-honest-edge-vision-ai-6a4eb297cbd60f5f673cc2d7)
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- Org: [Dhi-Technologies](https://huggingface.co/Dhi-Technologies)
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- Code: proprietary, closed source
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[dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
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*Dhi Labs, post 4 of 5: a portfolio overview*
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The first three posts in this series made a specific argument about two of our products: that a
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refusal gate and a calibrated interval are not decoration, they are the actual product, verified
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with numbers rather than asserted with adjectives. This post is the wide angle version: a tour
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of all six Dhi Labs products, each tied back to that thesis, each with its honesty mechanism
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named, its clearest measured numbers attached, its stated limitation kept in the same paragraph
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as its headline, and its test suite counted rather than assumed. It closes with the part the
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individual posts cannot show: how the pieces are designed to compose on a single edge box. Read
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it as an index into the rest of the org: every product links to its dataset and demo Space, and
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where one exists, its deep dive post.
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Across the six products, the combined test count is 34 (E1) + 46 (A4) + 27 (A3) + 16 (E4) + 99
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(A5) + 118 (B1, current main) = 340 tests; B1's tagged v0.1.0 release carried 117, and current
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main gained one test with the training determinism fix covered in post 5, so the portfolio
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total moved from the previously published 339 to 340. Each suite's final summary line is quoted
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verbatim in its product's section or deep dive rather than paraphrased. None of this is a claim
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that 340 passing tests make a product production ready; it is a claim that every honesty
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mechanism described below is exercised by code that runs, not only described in prose.
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## A4: amodal counting
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Counting through occlusion is a problem where the point estimate gets the attention and the
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uncertainty does the damage, so this product treats the calibrated interval as the deliverable.
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A detector undercounts what it cannot see; the estimator reweights each detection by a fitted
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detectability curve, caps every weight so one deep occlusion cannot conjure a crowd, and clamps
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queries outside the curve's calibrated support with an explicit `extrapolation_limited` flag.
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The honesty mechanism is conformal calibration of the interval, checked against measured
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coverage: the textbook analytic error bar measured 0.50 to 0.63 actual coverage against a
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claimed 0.90 on the synthetic benchmark, and the conformal multiplier that repairs it, 6.7x to
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14.5x wider depending on crowding, is published as the headline rather than hidden as an
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implementation detail. On synthetic scenes the corrected count also beats naive at every
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crowding level tested (2.46 versus 3.73 MAE at the hardest level, with 0.975 measured coverage
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against a 0.90 claim, re run digit for digit this session).
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The real data arc is the flagship honesty story of the whole program, told in full in post 3.
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Short version: on CrowdHuman with a SAHI tiled YOLOv8s detector (270 images, 6,809 ground truth
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boxes), the one directional correction *lost* to naive counting, 22.475 versus 11.767 MAE,
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because this detector's real error was a two sided mix of occlusion misses and tiling driven
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false positives that a weights only correction cannot fix by construction. The fix, a two sided
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estimator that also fits a per detection probability of being a genuine object, is the first
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variant to beat naive on real data, 11.031 MAE with 90.67% interval coverage against the 90%
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target. The stated limitation stays next to the win: on the twenty densest scenes (up to 227
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people seen as 20 to 30 raw boxes), naive still wins and the estimator's own coverage flag drops
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to 0.50, correctly signaling extrapolation; dense crowds past detector collapse are outside this
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product's valid regime, and it says so at runtime. Suite: `46 passed in 2.22s`, re run this
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session. Under the hood: 9 source files, 1,662 lines, `numpy` and `scipy` only, no GPU anywhere
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in the synthetic path.
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- Dataset: [amodal-counting-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/amodal-counting-benchmark)
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- Demo: [amodal-counting-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/amodal-counting-demo)
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## E1: multicam reasoning memory
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The linking engine answers where, when, and who was there questions across a camera network,
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and its founding asymmetry is that a false merge poisons weeks of memory while a missed link
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costs one duplicate row. The honesty mechanism is a uniqueness guard refusal gate: a margin only
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linker measured 0.918 site precision because peaky Gaussian transit scores produce confident
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margins for wrong winners; the guard refuses any link where a second candidate is even
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plausible, and took precision to 1.0. The evidence is no longer one seed: across a 24 site
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synthetic grid (3 to 8 cameras, 20 to 100 people, 165,902 events), precision is exactly 1.0000
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on every site while recall spans 0.0476 to 0.6788, scaling with identity reference coverage
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(mean 0.2008 at 20% up to 0.6044 at 60%), the published price of the precision.
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It is also the first product in the portfolio with a completed real data campaign, run two
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ways on WILDTRACK's seven overlapping cameras: a ground truth replay and a real YOLO11n plus
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ByteTrack pipeline whose stream included 380 unmatched false positive tracks as live
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distractors. Zero wrong merges in every condition (precision 1.0 across 1,663 replay tracks
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and 1,373 real tracker tracks; recall 0.4087 and 0.3502 at 40% reference coverage), and the
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honest negative published with it: with no references at all, recall is exactly 0.0 on this
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dataset, because WILDTRACK's overlapping topology structurally starves the transit prior
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mechanism, which contributed zero links in all four conditions. That zero is the operating
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envelope stated plainly: the prior path needs non overlapping cameras and reference coverage to
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learn from, and its real data validation is still open until a disjoint topology dataset is
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run. Memory stays bounded by construction, one episode row per contiguous presence rather than
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one row per event: the seed 1 site fits in 61,440 bytes and a simulated month of per second
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presence (36,000 events) stays under 2 MB, asserted by a regression test re run this session.
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Suite: `34 passed in 4.33s`. Under the hood: 9 files, 1,290 lines, stdlib `sqlite3` plus
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`numpy`, and a 330 line Frigate NVR bridge that maps its MQTT events into the input contract
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with a 0.5 confidence gate before trusting any recognized plate or face as an identity.
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- Dataset: [multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-benchmark)
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- Demo: [multicam-reasoning-memory-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/multicam-reasoning-memory-demo)
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## A3: fixed camera 3D
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This product turns an ordinary fixed camera into a metric 3D sensor by self calibrating height,
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tilt, and focal length from people already walking through the scene, no GPU and no model
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weights involved. The honesty mechanism is disclosure backed by a real conditioning probe in the
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code rather than a post hoc caveat: `sensitivity_m_per_half_deg` perturbs the recovered tilt by
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half a degree and measures how far the estimated ground position moves in response. The reason
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it exists is a genuinely nasty failure mode of shallow camera geometry: a shallow mounted camera
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can converge to a low optimizer residual while its recovered tilt is still off by a few degrees,
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an error the residual cannot see but which becomes meters of far field position error. The
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shallow configuration (3 m height, 20 degree tilt) is flagged by the probe at 1.72 meters of
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position movement per half degree of tilt perturbation, against 0.72 and 0.20 meters at two well
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conditioned geometries, and it reports 4.30 meters position RMSE against 0.16 meters at the good
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geometry (5 m height, 30 degree tilt), in the same results table, with no configuration specific
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tuning between them. The hard case is a row, not a footnote.
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Suite: 27 tests pass (in 20.20s on the recorded run); the repo's own docs once claimed 29, a
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discrepancy caught and disclosed rather than silently repeated. Under the hood: 916 lines across
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7 files, `numpy` and `scipy` only. A depth fusion path (Theil-Sen median of slopes anchor
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fitting) takes any relative depth model as a plain callable, so the fusion math is fully unit
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tested today with no model plugged in; concrete depth model adapters and an edge TensorRT path
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are explicit future work, not shipped, and the product says so instead of listing them as
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features.
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- Dataset: [fixed-camera-3d-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/fixed-camera-3d-benchmark)
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- Demo: [fixed-camera-3d-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/fixed-camera-3d-demo)
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## E4: causal predictive alerting
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The predictor claims incidents seconds before they happen from kinematic trajectories, which is
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exactly the kind of claim that is cheap to make and expensive to check, so the product's core is
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the checking machinery. Its falsification ledger files every alert at fire time with a deadline
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derived from the alert's own claimed lead time, then grades it fulfilled (with the measured, not
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predicted, lead time) or falsified, with no third verdict. Over an earlier 200 scenario battery:
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150 alerts fired, 63 fulfilled, 87 falsified, 50 scenarios with no alert, arithmetic that
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reconciles and is published with the falsified count first. The newer 210 scenario battery
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reports per kind rather than averaging: recall 1.0 on every kind, precision 0.667 (zone entry),
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0.657 (convergence), 0.500 (multi party convergence with decoy tracks), and 0.356 (crowd
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buildup), with crowd buildup named as the weakest kind, plus a disclosed 8.0% false positive
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rate on the 75 negative scenarios concentrated in two named edge cases (stationary loiterers at
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20%, incidents just outside the horizon at 13.3%), both root caused to noisy short window
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velocity estimates crossing the minimum speed gate.
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Every alert also ships a counterfactual from an ablation replay engine: the same predictor
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re run on the same observation history with a candidate cause removed or motion frozen, so a
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+
causal claim corresponds to an executed, rerunnable run rather than narration. The engine's
|
| 135 |
+
necessity statistics are themselves honest: presence removal was necessary for 100% of zone
|
| 136 |
+
entry and convergence alerts but only 21.7% of crowd buildup alerts across 267 per occupant
|
| 137 |
+
checks, which is the correct answer for a crowd well above threshold, reported instead of
|
| 138 |
+
inflated. Suite: `16 passed in 1.97s` on the recorded run. Under the hood: 1,146 lines across 7
|
| 139 |
+
modules, `numpy` only, no torch, no GPU, no network calls anywhere in `src/`.
|
|
|
|
| 140 |
|
| 141 |
- Dataset: [causal-predictive-alerting-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/causal-predictive-alerting-benchmark)
|
| 142 |
- Demo: [causal-predictive-alerting-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/causal-predictive-alerting-demo)
|
| 143 |
|
| 144 |
## A5: thermal perception
|
| 145 |
|
| 146 |
+
This is the portfolio's discipline case: a radiometric data engine and self supervised
|
| 147 |
+
pretraining harness for thermal native perception, built so every piece of math is CPU
|
| 148 |
+
verifiable ahead of any GPU spend. The honesty mechanism is a refusal to publish a model where
|
| 149 |
+
none was validly trained: a hard coded floor, `min_corpus_frames = 200,000`, labels anything
|
| 150 |
+
pretrained on fewer frames a *mechanics pilot*, not a quality claim, in the repo's own training
|
| 151 |
+
logs. Both GPU runs on record sit far below that floor and are labeled accordingly: a 2,503
|
| 152 |
+
synthetic frame pilot (32 minutes) and a 15,488 real infrared frame pilot on LLVIP data (40
|
| 153 |
+
minutes), both on a rented RTX 5060 Ti, both reported as evidence the machinery runs, not that
|
| 154 |
+
the pretraining works. The GPU pretraining run itself ships as a costed recipe rather than a
|
| 155 |
+
checkpoint, specifically so nothing on this org implies a thermal foundation model exists when
|
| 156 |
+
none does.
|
| 157 |
+
|
| 158 |
+
What is verified is the math: `thermalcore.cli selfcheck` passes all four AGC normalization
|
| 159 |
+
variants and the self supervised loss correctness checks, with a closed form linear probe
|
| 160 |
+
separability sanity check scoring 0.94, on a CPU only suite whose recorded verbatim line is
|
| 161 |
+
`99 passed in 0.39s`. The dataset card says explicitly that this validates mechanics, not real
|
| 162 |
+
world thermal accuracy. Under the hood: 2,222 lines across 21 files: a synthetic radiometric
|
| 163 |
+
scene generator, an AGC normalization zoo, cross sensor domain tooling, a pretraining corpus
|
| 164 |
+
engine, MAE masking math, and closed form evaluation metrics with no `sklearn` or `torch`
|
| 165 |
+
dependency in the core.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 166 |
|
| 167 |
- Dataset: [thermal-perception-benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/thermal-perception-benchmark)
|
| 168 |
- Demo: [thermal-perception-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/thermal-perception-demo)
|
| 169 |
|
| 170 |
## B1: Prompt2Model
|
| 171 |
|
| 172 |
+
The newest product is a language guided vision model factory: a plain English task description
|
| 173 |
+
compiles into a typed pipeline that runs dataset loading, training, evaluation, calibration,
|
| 174 |
+
ONNX export, and optional accuracy gated compression end to end. It carries two refusal gates.
|
| 175 |
+
At inference, a split conformal check abstains rather than guessing when a prediction's
|
| 176 |
+
nonconformity exceeds a threshold fit from held out validation data; on the healthy toy smoke
|
| 177 |
+
test that threshold is 0.004888 at alpha 0.1, and the exported model, re run this session,
|
| 178 |
+
classified 36 of 36 in distribution toy images correctly with zero abstentions while abstaining
|
| 179 |
+
on both out of distribution probes it was fed (a yellow star, calibrated confidence 0.9845, and
|
| 180 |
+
uniform noise, 0.9391). At the factory level, the compression step refuses to ship a distilled
|
| 181 |
+
or quantized model that falls below 98% of the uncompressed model's accuracy, a hard coded
|
| 182 |
+
floor; a failing candidate means the uncompressed model ships and the refusal is logged.
|
| 183 |
+
|
| 184 |
+
It is also the program's engineering candor case study: the first published smoke test artifact
|
| 185 |
+
reported 0.0 accuracy, and the diagnosis, a chain of three real bugs (unseeded RNGs, a class
|
| 186 |
+
dropping data split, a from scratch backbone whose BatchNorm statistics collapsed to constant
|
| 187 |
+
logits), is told in full in post 5, along with the deterministic healthy rerun (accuracy 1.0,
|
| 188 |
+
macro F1 1.0 against a 0.33 chance floor) and the corrections it forced to previously published
|
| 189 |
+
numbers. Suite: 117 of 117 at the tagged v0.1.0 release per its release notes; current main,
|
| 190 |
+
re run this session, `118 passed in 87.73s (0:01:27)`. The release ships with eight numbered
|
| 191 |
+
known limitation issues, including no measured detection mAP for the emitted artifact and no on
|
| 192 |
+
device TensorRT latency yet, tracked openly rather than smoothed into marketing copy.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 193 |
|
| 194 |
- Dataset: [prompt2model-examples](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-examples)
|
| 195 |
- Demo: [prompt2model-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-demo)
|
|
|
|
| 196 |
- Deep dive: [Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
|
| 197 |
|
| 198 |
+
## How the pieces compose on one edge box
|
| 199 |
+
|
| 200 |
+
The portfolio is not six disconnected experiments; the interfaces were designed so the products
|
| 201 |
+
stack on a single small computer, and the design constraints that make that possible are
|
| 202 |
+
measured properties, not aspirations. To be explicit about framing: what follows describes how
|
| 203 |
+
the components are built to fit together, verified at the interface level; it is not a claim
|
| 204 |
+
that this composed system is deployed anywhere.
|
| 205 |
+
|
| 206 |
+
Start with what every product above has in common: the decision layers are CPU only. E1 is
|
| 207 |
+
`numpy` plus stdlib `sqlite3`; A4 and A3 are `numpy` and `scipy`; E4 is `numpy` with no network
|
| 208 |
+
calls in its core. The only GPU consumers in the composed picture are the perception models that
|
| 209 |
+
feed them, a detector and tracker producing boxes and track IDs, which is precisely the workload
|
| 210 |
+
a Jetson class device's accelerator is for. That split matters on an 8 GB box: the reasoning
|
| 211 |
+
layer's footprint is measured in megabytes (E1's month of presence stays under 2 MB by asserted
|
| 212 |
+
test; its densest real ingest, 42,707 WILDTRACK events, produced a 7.4 MB store), so adding the
|
| 213 |
+
honesty machinery costs almost nothing next to the models it supervises.
|
| 214 |
+
|
| 215 |
+
The composition follows the data. A detector's boxes go two places at once. A4 consumes the
|
| 216 |
+
per frame box set and returns a corrected count with a calibrated interval and an extrapolation
|
| 217 |
+
flag, so a crowding dashboard reads "34 to 48, 90% calibrated" instead of a bare "39". The
|
| 218 |
+
tracker's track stream feeds E1 as JSONL events, exactly the contract its Frigate bridge already
|
| 219 |
+
implements for one real NVR; identity references arrive from whatever external identity exists
|
| 220 |
+
at the site, a plate reader, a badge system, or a face free embedding cluster, each gated by
|
| 221 |
+
confidence before it is trusted. A3 calibrates each fixed camera once from pedestrians already
|
| 222 |
+
in the scene and thereafter converts image tracks to metric ground positions, which is the
|
| 223 |
+
coordinate system E4's kinematic predictor needs; E4 then watches those metric trajectories,
|
| 224 |
+
fires ahead of incidents, and grades itself in its ledger. B1 sits beside the pipeline rather
|
| 225 |
+
than in it: it is the factory that produces the site specific classifier or detector variants
|
| 226 |
+
the other components consume, refusing to ship compressed models that fail its floor. Each
|
| 227 |
+
handoff carries the upstream component's honesty signal with it: an extrapolation flagged count,
|
| 228 |
+
a refused link that becomes a new entity rather than a guess, a sensitivity number that says one
|
| 229 |
+
camera's geometry cannot support far field metric claims, a falsified prediction that stays in
|
| 230 |
+
the ledger.
|
| 231 |
+
|
| 232 |
+
The open integration work is stated as plainly as the finished parts: E1's identity references
|
| 233 |
+
from the face free re identification line are an interface today, not a validated joint run;
|
| 234 |
+
per camera clock offset estimation (which would tighten E1's transit priors) is unbuilt; A3's
|
| 235 |
+
learned depth adapters and TensorRT path are future work; and no composed end to end benchmark
|
| 236 |
+
of the full stack exists yet. When one does, it will be published with the same rules as
|
| 237 |
+
everything else here: synthetic ground truth first, real data second, negative results included.
|
| 238 |
+
|
| 239 |
## The pattern across all six
|
| 240 |
|
| 241 |
+
Four mechanisms recur across these products: calibrated intervals (A4), refusal gates (E1, B1),
|
| 242 |
+
provenance (E1), and falsification ledgers (E4), with A3 and A5 applying the same instinct to
|
| 243 |
+
reporting itself, disclosing the hard case and the unfinished step instead of smoothing over
|
| 244 |
+
them. None of these are free, and the price is always published next to the benefit: recall in
|
| 245 |
+
E1 (0.0476 to 0.6788 across the grid, 0.0 without references on WILDTRACK), interval width in A4
|
| 246 |
+
(6.7x to 14.5x), false positives in E4 (8.0%, itemized), answer rate and size headroom in B1. It
|
| 247 |
+
also shows up in how the program handles its own mistakes: stale prose corrected against fresh
|
| 248 |
+
runs (E1's memory size and journey range, A3's test count), a real data regression published
|
| 249 |
+
before its fix existed (A4), and a degenerate published artifact diagnosed in public (B1). That
|
| 250 |
+
is the whole thesis from post 1, applied six times.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 251 |
|
| 252 |
- Series: [post 1, the thesis](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md), [post 2, E1 deep dive](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md), [post 3, A4 deep dive](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md), [post 5, Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)
|
| 253 |
- Collection: [Dhi Labs, honest edge vision AI](https://huggingface.co/collections/Dhi-Technologies/dhi-labs-honest-edge-vision-ai-6a4eb297cbd60f5f673cc2d7)
|
| 254 |
- Org: [Dhi-Technologies](https://huggingface.co/Dhi-Technologies)
|
| 255 |
+
- Code: proprietary, closed source across the portfolio; Prompt2Model additionally has one
|
| 256 |
+
tagged, MIT licensed v0.1.0 release as a deliberate exception (post 5). The open surface for
|
| 257 |
+
everything is the evidence: benchmark datasets with exact ground truth, demo Spaces, committed
|
| 258 |
+
evidence logs, and the verbatim reproduction output quoted throughout this series. Partnership
|
| 259 |
+
or access inquiries: [dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
05_prompt2model_v010.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,133 +1,227 @@
|
|
| 1 |
-
# Prompt2Model v0.1.0: a
|
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
*Dhi Labs, post 5 of 5: Prompt2Model (B1) ships its first tagged release*
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
-
|
| 6 |
-
|
| 7 |
-
|
| 8 |
-
|
| 9 |
-
|
| 10 |
-
|
| 11 |
-
that
|
|
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|
| 12 |
|
| 13 |
## What it does
|
| 14 |
|
| 15 |
Prompt2Model takes a plain English task description, for example "classify red square, blue
|
| 16 |
circle, and green triangle images under low light, prioritize speed," and compiles it into a
|
| 17 |
-
typed pipeline configuration that runs dataset loading, training, evaluation,
|
| 18 |
-
reporting end to end. Concretely:
|
| 19 |
|
| 20 |
- A deterministic regex prompt parser is the default (dependency free), with an optional LLM
|
| 21 |
-
planner overlay
|
| 22 |
-
|
| 23 |
-
|
| 24 |
- Classification and COCO style detection dataset loaders, a lightweight model registry, and
|
| 25 |
-
training loops with augmentation injection
|
| 26 |
-
|
| 27 |
-
|
| 28 |
-
|
| 29 |
-
|
| 30 |
-
|
| 31 |
-
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| 32 |
-
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| 33 |
-
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| 34 |
-
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| 35 |
-
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| 36 |
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| 37 |
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| 38 |
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| 39 |
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| 40 |
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| 41 |
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| 42 |
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| 43 |
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| 46 |
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| 47 |
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| 48 |
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| 52 |
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| 53 |
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| 57 |
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| 58 |
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|
| 59 |
-
`
|
| 60 |
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| 61 |
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| 62 |
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| 63 |
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| 64 |
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| 65 |
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|
| 73 |
|
| 74 |
## The measured test suite
|
| 75 |
|
| 76 |
-
|
| 77 |
-
|
| 78 |
-
|
| 79 |
-
(`v0.1.0`, tagged and published 2026-07-09), not re-run independently for this post.
|
| 80 |
|
| 81 |
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 82 |
|
| 83 |
-
|
| 84 |
-
place this kind of claim quietly gets softened elsewhere:
|
| 85 |
|
| 86 |
- **Validated end to end:** the classification path, prompt to config to training to metrics to
|
| 87 |
-
ONNX export to report, on synthetic data
|
| 88 |
-
|
| 89 |
-
|
| 90 |
-
|
| 91 |
-
|
| 92 |
-
|
| 93 |
-
|
|
|
|
| 94 |
|
| 95 |
-
## Known gaps, tracked as
|
| 96 |
|
| 97 |
-
The release ships with a numbered list of its own
|
| 98 |
-
|
| 99 |
-
|
| 100 |
|
| 101 |
- **#7:** dynamic versus static INT8 post training quantization needs a real data sweep; dynamic
|
| 102 |
quantization has already been observed to collapse accuracy on one dataset.
|
| 103 |
- **#8:** the compression gate's evaluator needs guards against degenerate or tiny validation
|
| 104 |
-
splits, since a floor computed from too few samples can be misleading
|
| 105 |
-
|
| 106 |
-
|
| 107 |
-
|
| 108 |
-
|
| 109 |
-
- **#11:**
|
| 110 |
-
to be done.
|
| 111 |
-
- **#12:** no on
|
| 112 |
- **#13:** README and report claims need reconciliation with what is actually measured and on
|
| 113 |
-
which hardware
|
| 114 |
-
|
| 115 |
-
|
| 116 |
-
precedence logic.
|
| 117 |
-
|
| 118 |
-
We are listing all eight by number rather than picking the flattering three, for the same reason
|
| 119 |
-
the rest of this series names crowd buildup as the weakest alert kind and the CrowdHuman
|
| 120 |
-
regression as a real regression: an open issue tracker that only shows the easy ones is not
|
| 121 |
-
actually open.
|
| 122 |
-
|
| 123 |
-
## License, and where to look
|
| 124 |
|
| 125 |
-
|
| 126 |
-
to a source you can check yourself:
|
| 127 |
|
| 128 |
-
-
|
| 129 |
-
-
|
| 130 |
-
- Examples dataset (toy fixtures plus real smoke test output): [Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-examples](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-examples)
|
| 131 |
-
- Live demo Space (the refusal-gate mechanism plus a worked abstain/predict example): [prompt2model-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-demo)
|
| 132 |
- Collection: [Dhi Labs, honest edge vision AI](https://huggingface.co/collections/Dhi-Technologies/dhi-labs-honest-edge-vision-ai-6a4eb297cbd60f5f673cc2d7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 133 |
- Series: [post 1, the thesis](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md), [post 2, E1 deep dive](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md), [post 3, A4 deep dive](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md), [post 4, portfolio overview](04_portfolio_overview.md)
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
+
# Prompt2Model v0.1.0: a model factory's first release, bugs and all
|
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
*Dhi Labs, post 5 of 5: Prompt2Model (B1) ships its first tagged release*
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
+
Prompt2Model is the newest product in the Dhi Technologies research program (internal label B1)
|
| 6 |
+
and the first to cross from private research code into a tagged public release: v0.1.0, tagged
|
| 7 |
+
and published 2026-07-09 under the MIT license, as a deliberate exception to the closed source
|
| 8 |
+
posture of the rest of the portfolio. This post covers what shipped, how its two refusal gates
|
| 9 |
+
actually work at the mechanical level, and then the part that makes it belong in this series:
|
| 10 |
+
the story of the degenerate artifact this pipeline published before its first release, the
|
| 11 |
+
three real bugs behind it, and the corrections that fix forced to numbers we had already put in
|
| 12 |
+
public. Real numbers with their source throughout, and the limitations section is the longest
|
| 13 |
+
one in the series, because this is the youngest product in it.
|
| 14 |
|
| 15 |
## What it does
|
| 16 |
|
| 17 |
Prompt2Model takes a plain English task description, for example "classify red square, blue
|
| 18 |
circle, and green triangle images under low light, prioritize speed," and compiles it into a
|
| 19 |
+
typed pipeline configuration that runs dataset loading, training, evaluation, calibration, ONNX
|
| 20 |
+
export, and reporting end to end. Concretely:
|
| 21 |
|
| 22 |
- A deterministic regex prompt parser is the default (dependency free), with an optional LLM
|
| 23 |
+
planner overlay that is offline first, works against any OpenAI compatible chat completions
|
| 24 |
+
endpoint, and only overwrites the fields it actually extracts from the prompt rather than
|
| 25 |
+
replacing the deterministic parse wholesale.
|
| 26 |
- Classification and COCO style detection dataset loaders, a lightweight model registry, and
|
| 27 |
+
training loops with augmentation injection derived from the prompt's environment tags ("low
|
| 28 |
+
light" becomes a low light augmentation policy).
|
| 29 |
+
- ONNX export with metadata injection and verification: an exported model is checked to actually
|
| 30 |
+
run under ONNX Runtime, not just to exist on disk, and the calibration block travels inside
|
| 31 |
+
the artifact's metadata so the deployed model carries its own abstention threshold.
|
| 32 |
+
- An opt in compression step (knowledge distillation and INT8 quantization) gated by an accuracy
|
| 33 |
+
floor, described below.
|
| 34 |
+
- Opt in calibration (temperature scaling plus a split conformal abstain threshold) and a
|
| 35 |
+
flywheel hard case store, so inputs the model abstains on can be captured for the retrain loop
|
| 36 |
+
instead of being guessed at and forgotten.
|
| 37 |
+
- Pluggable deployment targets: ONNX Runtime by default, TensorRT when `trtexec` is present on
|
| 38 |
+
the machine, and otherwise a reproducible on device build recipe rather than a silent failure
|
| 39 |
+
or a pretended export.
|
| 40 |
+
|
| 41 |
+
## The refusal gates, mechanically
|
| 42 |
+
|
| 43 |
+
Posts 1 and 4 name the mechanism; this section shows its gears, because "calibrated abstention"
|
| 44 |
+
is the kind of phrase that deserves to be checked against actual arithmetic.
|
| 45 |
+
|
| 46 |
+
**The inference gate.** After training, the factory temperature scales the model's logits on a
|
| 47 |
+
held out validation split, then computes each validation prediction's *nonconformity*, defined
|
| 48 |
+
as 1 minus the calibrated confidence of the predicted class. The abstention threshold is the
|
| 49 |
+
split conformal quantile of those scores with the standard finite sample correction: sort the n
|
| 50 |
+
validation scores, take the score at rank ceiling of (n + 1)(1 - alpha), clamped into range, at
|
| 51 |
+
the default alpha of 0.1 (a 90% target). At deployment, the exported model abstains whenever a
|
| 52 |
+
prediction's nonconformity exceeds that threshold. With no calibration data at all, the
|
| 53 |
+
threshold is positive infinity, never abstain until calibrated, which is itself a documented
|
| 54 |
+
choice: an uncalibrated model does not pretend to know its own limits.
|
| 55 |
+
|
| 56 |
+
The finite sample correction matters at small n, and the toy smoke test is honest about being
|
| 57 |
+
small. With n = 7 validation samples and alpha = 0.1, the required rank is the ceiling of 8
|
| 58 |
+
times 0.9, which is 8, clamped to 7: the threshold is simply the *largest* nonconformity seen in
|
| 59 |
+
validation. That is the weakest form of the guarantee, and it is what a 7 sample calibration can
|
| 60 |
+
legitimately give you; more validation data tightens it, and the run report exposes
|
| 61 |
+
`val_samples: 7` precisely so a reader can see how much the threshold is resting on.
|
| 62 |
+
|
| 63 |
+
**The factory gate.** Separately, the compression step refuses to ship a distilled or quantized
|
| 64 |
+
model that falls below 98% of the uncompressed model's accuracy. The floor is a typed config
|
| 65 |
+
default (`accuracy_floor_relative = 0.98`), enforced in code; a failing candidate means the
|
| 66 |
+
pipeline ships the uncompressed model and logs the refusal in the run report. One known edge in
|
| 67 |
+
its precedence logic, where the hard coded relative floor can override a more permissive,
|
| 68 |
+
explicitly stated user floor, is tracked as a numbered issue rather than left undocumented (see
|
| 69 |
+
the gaps list at the end).
|
| 70 |
+
|
| 71 |
+
## The engineering case study: a published 0.0, and the three bugs behind it
|
| 72 |
+
|
| 73 |
+
Here is the part of the release story a normal announcement would omit. The first published
|
| 74 |
+
smoke test artifact for this pipeline reported toy classification accuracy 0.0 and macro F1 0.0.
|
| 75 |
+
Not "low": zero, on a three class problem with a 0.33 chance floor, in a results file we had
|
| 76 |
+
already made public. The temptation with a number like that is to rerun until it looks better
|
| 77 |
+
and republish. What actually happened is that the rerun was refused until the zero was
|
| 78 |
+
*explained*, and the explanation turned out to be a chain of three real bugs, each of which is a
|
| 79 |
+
small classic. The diagnosis and fix landed as a single reviewed change on 2026-07-09, and the
|
| 80 |
+
commit message records all three mechanisms; the summaries below are drawn from that commit and
|
| 81 |
+
the code it changed.
|
| 82 |
+
|
| 83 |
+
**Bug one: the RNGs were never seeded.** The dataset split and the augmentation backend already
|
| 84 |
+
threaded a configured seed through, which made the pipeline *look* deterministic in review. But
|
| 85 |
+
the factory's run entry point never seeded torch's global RNG, so model weight initialization
|
| 86 |
+
and DataLoader shuffling changed on every run. On a severely undertrained toy run (a couple of
|
| 87 |
+
epochs, a few dozen images), an unlucky random init can land at or near 0.0 by chance alone. The
|
| 88 |
+
fix seeds Python's `random`, torch, and CUDA (when present) from the same configured seed at the
|
| 89 |
+
top of every run. The lesson is the gap between "the code accepts a seed" and "the run is
|
| 90 |
+
seeded": the former is an API property, the latter is a property of every RNG the run touches.
|
| 91 |
+
|
| 92 |
+
**Bug two: the data split could drop an entire class.** The splitter did a flat shuffle and
|
| 93 |
+
slice over the whole sample pool with no class balance protection. On the toy set, three classes
|
| 94 |
+
of twelve samples each, a single global shuffle can and, with the default seed, *did* leave an
|
| 95 |
+
entire class out of a validation or test slice. Evaluating a three way classifier on a split
|
| 96 |
+
that never contains one of the three classes produces meaningless, sometimes zero metrics that
|
| 97 |
+
look exactly like a training bug while actually being a sampling bug. The fix is stratified
|
| 98 |
+
splitting via largest remainder apportionment: each class gets the floor of its proportional
|
| 99 |
+
quota in each slice, and leftover slots go to the largest fractional remainders, which keeps the
|
| 100 |
+
overall split sizes identical to the flat split while guaranteeing every class is spread as
|
| 101 |
+
evenly as its size allows.
|
| 102 |
+
|
| 103 |
+
**Bug three: the smoke test trained a modern backbone from scratch.** The smoke test never set
|
| 104 |
+
`pretrained=True`, so it trained `mobilenet_v3_small` from random initialization with batch size
|
| 105 |
+
8 on about 26 images. BatchNorm running statistics re estimated from batches of 8 over a couple
|
| 106 |
+
of epochs never stabilize, and the backbone collapses to an input independent constant output.
|
| 107 |
+
This was verified, not inferred: the logits were identical across all validation images
|
| 108 |
+
regardless of the true label. Combined with bug two, an unlucky run reports systematic wrong
|
| 109 |
+
answers and lands on exactly 0.0. The fix sets `pretrained=True` for both smoke test tasks,
|
| 110 |
+
matching the model registry's own documented recommendation.
|
| 111 |
+
|
| 112 |
+
Three observations make this a case study rather than a confession. First, the bugs *compounded*:
|
| 113 |
+
any one of them alone would have produced occasional weird numbers; together they produced a
|
| 114 |
+
stable looking catastrophe with a plausible innocent explanation ("toy set, few epochs") sitting
|
| 115 |
+
right next to it. Second, the degenerate artifact was load bearing for honesty elsewhere: the
|
| 116 |
+
previously published conformal threshold for this smoke test, 0.491826, and its strange
|
| 117 |
+
calibration trace (`ece_before` 0.065, `ece_after` 0.272, calibration making expected
|
| 118 |
+
calibration error *worse*) were measurements of a collapsed model, and we had quoted them in an
|
| 119 |
+
earlier revision of this very blog series as an example of disclosing noisy calibration. The
|
| 120 |
+
disclosure instinct was right; the numbers were describing a broken model. Both are now
|
| 121 |
+
corrected here, which is the third observation: publishing your artifacts means your bugs are
|
| 122 |
+
public, and fixing them means correcting the public record, not just the code.
|
| 123 |
+
|
| 124 |
+
## The healthy model, re measured for this post
|
| 125 |
+
|
| 126 |
+
With the three fixes in, the smoke test is deterministic and healthy, and we re ran the whole
|
| 127 |
+
thing fresh for this post on a CPU only machine (macOS, Python 3.12.13, no GPU) rather than
|
| 128 |
+
quoting the repository's committed artifact:
|
| 129 |
+
|
| 130 |
+
- **Classification:** accuracy 1.0, macro F1 1.0, against a 0.33 chance floor (three classes,
|
| 131 |
+
36 images). Calibration on the 7 held out validation samples: temperature 0.05, conformal
|
| 132 |
+
threshold **0.004888** at alpha 0.1, `ece_before` 0.3864, `ece_after` 0.0014. Exported ONNX
|
| 133 |
+
verified runnable; 1.52M parameters; about 100 ms per image on this machine's CPU.
|
| 134 |
+
- **Detection:** the pipeline runs end to end and exports a verified runnable ONNX artifact
|
| 135 |
+
(`ssdlite320_mobilenet_v3_large`, 3.73M parameters), with toy set mAP@0.5 of 0.034: a pipeline
|
| 136 |
+
smoke test on a few dozen synthetic images, not a detection benchmark, and labeled as such.
|
| 137 |
+
Earlier published toy detection figures (mAP 0.053, 2.22M parameters) predate the determinism
|
| 138 |
+
fix and no longer describe the current artifact; treat the numbers in this paragraph as the
|
| 139 |
+
ones that reproduce.
|
| 140 |
+
|
| 141 |
+
Then the demonstration the abstention gate exists for. The conformal threshold of 0.004888 means
|
| 142 |
+
the deployed model answers only when its calibrated confidence is at least about 0.9951, a very
|
| 143 |
+
sharp gate produced by a temperature of 0.05 on a cleanly separated toy problem. Running the
|
| 144 |
+
exported artifact over all **36** in distribution toy images: **36 of 36 classified correctly,
|
| 145 |
+
zero abstentions**, with every calibrated confidence at or above 0.9951. Then two inputs the
|
| 146 |
+
model has never seen anything like: a yellow star on a dark background scored a calibrated
|
| 147 |
+
confidence of 0.9845, below the gate, **abstained**; uniform random noise scored 0.9391,
|
| 148 |
+
**abstained**. The same artifact that never abstains on its own distribution refuses both out of
|
| 149 |
+
distribution probes instead of confidently naming a shape that is not there.
|
| 150 |
+
|
| 151 |
+
The plumbing that makes the demonstration meaningful is worth two sentences, because it is easy
|
| 152 |
+
to build an abstention gate that evaporates at deployment. The calibration block (temperature,
|
| 153 |
+
alpha, conformal threshold, validation sample count) is injected into the ONNX artifact's own
|
| 154 |
+
metadata at export, and the edge inference wrapper reads it back from the artifact, applies the
|
| 155 |
+
temperature to the raw logits, and computes `abstained` as nonconformity exceeding the stored
|
| 156 |
+
threshold; the model file and its abstention policy cannot drift apart, because they are one
|
| 157 |
+
file. An artifact exported without calibration reports `calibrated: false` and never abstains,
|
| 158 |
+
rather than pretending to a policy it does not carry, and the abstain path is pinned by its own
|
| 159 |
+
unit test (force the threshold to zero and assert that a model that cannot be perfectly certain
|
| 160 |
+
abstains). The same wrapper accepts an optional hard case store, so abstained frames can be
|
| 161 |
+
captured for the retraining flywheel instead of being dropped on the floor. For the toy runs,
|
| 162 |
+
the whole pipeline configuration is typed and committed alongside the artifact: image size 96,
|
| 163 |
+
validation split 0.2, test split 0.1, seed 42, which is what "deterministic under its seed"
|
| 164 |
+
means concretely.
|
| 165 |
+
|
| 166 |
+
An honest boundary on that demonstration, so it is not overread: two crafted probes are a
|
| 167 |
+
demonstration of the mechanism working as designed, not a measured out of distribution detection
|
| 168 |
+
rate, and split conformal calibration guarantees coverage on data drawn from the calibration
|
| 169 |
+
distribution; it makes no formal promise about arbitrary OOD inputs. A 7 sample calibration also
|
| 170 |
+
means the threshold itself is only as stable as those 7 points. The right reading is mechanical,
|
| 171 |
+
not statistical: the gate is real, it is fit from data rather than hand set, it travels inside
|
| 172 |
+
the exported artifact, and it fires in the right direction on the obvious probes.
|
| 173 |
|
| 174 |
## The measured test suite
|
| 175 |
|
| 176 |
+
The v0.1.0 release notes record the release gate: **117 passed, 0 failed, full suite, no skips,
|
| 177 |
+
in about 106 seconds**, sourced from the release itself. Current main, which includes the three
|
| 178 |
+
bug fix and one test it added, re run fresh for this post; verbatim final line:
|
|
|
|
| 179 |
|
| 180 |
+
```
|
| 181 |
+
118 passed in 87.73s (0:01:27)
|
| 182 |
+
```
|
| 183 |
|
| 184 |
+
## What is validated versus what is not
|
|
|
|
| 185 |
|
| 186 |
- **Validated end to end:** the classification path, prompt to config to training to metrics to
|
| 187 |
+
calibrated ONNX export to report, on synthetic data, deterministic under its seed, with the
|
| 188 |
+
healthy numbers above reproduced from scratch for this post.
|
| 189 |
+
- **Integrated but not benchmark measured:** the detection path is wired through training,
|
| 190 |
+
export, and a smoke test, but detection accuracy for the emitted, deployment ready artifact
|
| 191 |
+
has not been measured on any real detection benchmark.
|
| 192 |
+
- **Not measured at all:** on device latency for the emitted TensorRT recipe on a Jetson class
|
| 193 |
+
device. The deployment path builds locally when `trtexec` exists and otherwise emits a
|
| 194 |
+
reproducible build recipe, but no Jetson has run and timed that recipe yet.
|
| 195 |
|
| 196 |
+
## Known gaps, tracked as numbered issues
|
| 197 |
|
| 198 |
+
The release ships with a numbered list of its own limitations in the project tracker, several of
|
| 199 |
+
which name an already observed failure rather than generic future work. All eight, not a
|
| 200 |
+
flattering subset:
|
| 201 |
|
| 202 |
- **#7:** dynamic versus static INT8 post training quantization needs a real data sweep; dynamic
|
| 203 |
quantization has already been observed to collapse accuracy on one dataset.
|
| 204 |
- **#8:** the compression gate's evaluator needs guards against degenerate or tiny validation
|
| 205 |
+
splits, since a floor computed from too few samples can be misleading (the same small n
|
| 206 |
+
caveat the conformal gate discloses).
|
| 207 |
+
- **#9:** no zero shot VLM or CLIP baseline yet to check the augmentation transfer claim
|
| 208 |
+
against.
|
| 209 |
+
- **#10:** no measured detection mAP for the emitted SSDLite artifact (export verified only).
|
| 210 |
+
- **#11:** reproducibility hardening beyond the RNG fix: dataset checksums and pinned fixture
|
| 211 |
+
hashes are still to be done.
|
| 212 |
+
- **#12:** no on Jetson TensorRT latency measurement for the emitted artifact.
|
| 213 |
- **#13:** README and report claims need reconciliation with what is actually measured and on
|
| 214 |
+
which hardware; this post is part of that reconciliation, and the degenerate artifact
|
| 215 |
+
corrections above came out of it.
|
| 216 |
+
- **#14:** the compression gate's hard coded 0.98 relative floor can override a more permissive,
|
| 217 |
+
explicitly stated user accuracy floor, a real precedence edge case in the gate's own logic.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 218 |
|
| 219 |
+
## Where to look
|
|
|
|
| 220 |
|
| 221 |
+
- Examples dataset (toy fixtures plus smoke test output): [Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-examples](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-examples)
|
| 222 |
+
- Live demo Space (the refusal gate plus a worked abstain and predict example): [prompt2model-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/Dhi-Technologies/prompt2model-demo)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 223 |
- Collection: [Dhi Labs, honest edge vision AI](https://huggingface.co/collections/Dhi-Technologies/dhi-labs-honest-edge-vision-ai-6a4eb297cbd60f5f673cc2d7)
|
| 224 |
+
- Code: the rest of the portfolio is proprietary and closed source; Prompt2Model's v0.1.0 is a
|
| 225 |
+
tagged, MIT licensed public release, the program's deliberate exception. Access and
|
| 226 |
+
partnership inquiries: [dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
| 227 |
- Series: [post 1, the thesis](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md), [post 2, E1 deep dive](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md), [post 3, A4 deep dive](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md), [post 4, portfolio overview](04_portfolio_overview.md)
|
README.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -17,49 +17,65 @@ dataset card, and the [Dhi Labs collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/D
|
|
| 17 |
|
| 18 |
## Posts
|
| 19 |
|
| 20 |
-
1. **[AI that refuses to guess](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md)** (2026-07-
|
| 21 |
-
thesis.
|
| 22 |
-
|
| 23 |
-
and
|
| 24 |
-
|
| 25 |
-
|
| 26 |
-
|
| 27 |
-
|
| 28 |
-
|
| 29 |
-
|
| 30 |
-
|
| 31 |
-
|
| 32 |
-
|
| 33 |
-
|
| 34 |
-
|
| 35 |
-
|
| 36 |
-
|
| 37 |
-
|
| 38 |
-
|
| 39 |
-
|
| 40 |
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 41 |
|
| 42 |
## License
|
| 43 |
|
| 44 |
This blog is released under **CC BY-NC 4.0** (non-commercial). It stays public and freely
|
| 45 |
readable: this dataset is prose meant to be read, and gating it would hide the posts from
|
| 46 |
-
everyone. Reading and citing individual posts is welcome; do not redistribute or re-host the
|
| 47 |
-
elsewhere without permission. Any use in a publication or downstream work should cite Dhi
|
| 48 |
Technologies. Commercial use requires a separate agreement; contact
|
| 49 |
[dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
| 50 |
|
| 51 |
## Honesty note
|
| 52 |
|
| 53 |
-
|
| 54 |
-
|
| 55 |
-
|
|
|
|
| 56 |
throughout. No state of the art claims, no customer or deployment claims.
|
| 57 |
|
| 58 |
- Org: https://huggingface.co/Dhi-Technologies
|
| 59 |
- Collection: https://huggingface.co/collections/Dhi-Technologies/dhi-labs-honest-edge-vision-ai-6a4eb297cbd60f5f673cc2d7
|
| 60 |
- Company site: https://dhi-tech.com/labs
|
| 61 |
-
- Code: proprietary, closed source
|
| 62 |
-
MIT
|
| 63 |
-
and have no release planned.
|
| 64 |
-
is an identity link, not a browsable code destination for those five. Partnership or access
|
| 65 |
inquiries: [dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
|
|
|
| 17 |
|
| 18 |
## Posts
|
| 19 |
|
| 20 |
+
1. **[AI that refuses to guess](01_ai_that_refuses_to_guess.md)** (2026-07-10 update, ~17 min
|
| 21 |
+
read): the thesis. A full taxonomy of the four honesty mechanisms (calibrated intervals,
|
| 22 |
+
refusal gates, provenance, falsification ledgers) with a worked, real numbered micro example
|
| 23 |
+
of each; why the industry default is overclaiming and what it costs operators; and the
|
| 24 |
+
measurement philosophy: synthetic ground truth first, real data second, negative results
|
| 25 |
+
published.
|
| 26 |
+
2. **[Precision first cross camera linking (E1)](02_e1_precision_first_linking.md)** (2026-07-10
|
| 27 |
+
update, ~19 min read): the full method walkthrough (episodes versus events, three gates with
|
| 28 |
+
their actual thresholds, transit priors learned only from ref confirmed links), the 0.918 to
|
| 29 |
+
1.0 uniqueness guard story with the failure case that motivated it, the 24 site grid, the
|
| 30 |
+
under 2 MB month test, the Frigate bridge's confidence gated identity mapping, and the first
|
| 31 |
+
real data campaign: WILDTRACK two ways (ground truth replay and a real YOLO11n + ByteTrack
|
| 32 |
+
pipeline), precision 1.0 with zero wrong links in every condition, recall 0.4087 and 0.3502
|
| 33 |
+
at 40% reference coverage, and an honest recall 0.0 without references, diagnosed rather
|
| 34 |
+
than hidden.
|
| 35 |
+
3. **[When the error bar is the product (A4)](03_a4_calibration_over_accuracy.md)** (2026-07-10
|
| 36 |
+
update, ~14 min read): the flagship honesty story, told in four acts from the committed
|
| 37 |
+
evidence log. Synthetic wins first (analytic interval 0.50 to 0.63 actual coverage against a
|
| 38 |
+
0.90 claim, conformal multiplier 6.7x to 14.5x); then the first real CrowdHuman test fails
|
| 39 |
+
(flat detectability curve, one directional correction against two sided error, 28.204 versus
|
| 40 |
+
naive 14.08); a richer curve fails better; a detector fix improves naive to 11.767 and the
|
| 41 |
+
correction still loses; and the two sided estimator finally wins (11.031, 90.67% coverage),
|
| 42 |
+
with the dense scene boundary where naive still wins disclosed.
|
| 43 |
+
4. **[Six products, one honesty thesis](04_portfolio_overview.md)** (2026-07-10 update, ~14 min
|
| 44 |
+
read): the portfolio tour. Each product in a full paragraph with its headline number and its
|
| 45 |
+
stated limitation in the same breath (A4, E1, A3, E4, A5, B1), the combined 340 test count
|
| 46 |
+
with its arithmetic shown, and a new section on how the pieces are designed to compose on a
|
| 47 |
+
single edge box, CPU only decision layers over GPU perception, stated as design properties
|
| 48 |
+
rather than deployment claims.
|
| 49 |
+
5. **[Prompt2Model v0.1.0](05_prompt2model_v010.md)** (2026-07-10 update, ~12 min read): the
|
| 50 |
+
program's public release exception, MIT licensed and tagged. The refusal gate mechanics
|
| 51 |
+
(conformal threshold with the finite sample correction, the 0.98 relative accuracy floor),
|
| 52 |
+
the three bug engineering case study behind a published 0.0 accuracy artifact (unseeded
|
| 53 |
+
RNGs, class dropping splits, from scratch BatchNorm collapse), the healthy re measured
|
| 54 |
+
result (36 of 36 correct, zero abstentions in distribution, both OOD probes abstained), the
|
| 55 |
+
corrections that fix forced to earlier published numbers, and all eight numbered known
|
| 56 |
+
limitation issues.
|
| 57 |
|
| 58 |
## License
|
| 59 |
|
| 60 |
This blog is released under **CC BY-NC 4.0** (non-commercial). It stays public and freely
|
| 61 |
readable: this dataset is prose meant to be read, and gating it would hide the posts from
|
| 62 |
+
everyone. Reading and citing individual posts is welcome; do not redistribute or re-host the
|
| 63 |
+
text elsewhere without permission. Any use in a publication or downstream work should cite Dhi
|
| 64 |
Technologies. Commercial use requires a separate agreement; contact
|
| 65 |
[dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
|
| 66 |
|
| 67 |
## Honesty note
|
| 68 |
|
| 69 |
+
Numbers in these posts are measured on **synthetic** benchmarks with exact ground truth, except
|
| 70 |
+
where a post explicitly attributes a number to a real data evidence log (CrowdHuman for A4,
|
| 71 |
+
WILDTRACK for E1), a fresh reproduction run described in the post, or a public release note,
|
| 72 |
+
and says so inline. Remaining real world validation is in progress and marked as such
|
| 73 |
throughout. No state of the art claims, no customer or deployment claims.
|
| 74 |
|
| 75 |
- Org: https://huggingface.co/Dhi-Technologies
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| 76 |
- Collection: https://huggingface.co/collections/Dhi-Technologies/dhi-labs-honest-edge-vision-ai-6a4eb297cbd60f5f673cc2d7
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| 77 |
- Company site: https://dhi-tech.com/labs
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| 78 |
+
- Code: proprietary, closed source; the open surface is the evidence these posts quote and link.
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| 79 |
+
Prompt2Model shipped one public, MIT licensed release (post 5) as a deliberate exception; the
|
| 80 |
+
other five products are not public and have no release planned. Partnership or access
|
|
|
|
| 81 |
inquiries: [dhi-tech.com](https://dhi-tech.com).
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