Number marking across languages:  typology and model-theoretic semantics

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada


Action “Establishing services enhancing the innovation management capacity of SME's in the Enterprise Europe Network”

In order to address the challenges of increasing SMEs innovation potential and enabling them to bring their innovative ideas to the market, new programmes and support systems have been designed. Europe recognises the importance of innovation and SME’s as growth drivers and as such, this action shall provide specialized consulting services addressing the innovation management capacity of SMEs which possess significant innovation activities. Beneficiaries of the SME instrument shall as well receive support to enhance their innovation management capacity through this action.

The Enterprise Europe Network is embedded in the regional innovation ecosystem within Wales, and will provide support for raising the innovation capacity of Welsh SMEs. This will be completed under the two types of 7 day packages of support available, which are: 1) Enhancing SME Innovation Management Capacity 2) Key Account Management for the beneficiaries of the SME Instrument. The objective of these services will be increasing and accelerating the economic returns from innovation in SMEs. A number of deliverable outputs have been defined in section 2.1 in order to ensure that the project meets the overall objective. The aim will be to strengthen the innovation capacity of SME’s and their contribution to the development and commercialisation of new technology. By expanding relevant networks, increasing the research effort and better exploitation of IP, Wales can maximise the ROI. The overall objective is to:
• increase the economic impact from European R&D and innovation investment
•  improve the  innovation capability of SMEs in Wales


Blood Base Bioenergetic Profiling: A Novel Approach for Identifying Alzheimer's Disease Risk and Pathology

8. Project Narrative  It is widely recognized that the implementation of successful Alzheimer's disease prevention and treatment strategies rely on the identification of patients at risk for developing the disease. The proposed project will examine blood based bioenergetic profiling as a minimally invasive strategy for determining Alzheimer's disease risk and presymptomatic pathology. The completion of our study aims will advance the development of an affordable screening tool that can be utilized in a clinical/community setting to identify individuals who are candidates for comprehensive diagnostic testing.


A Study of the Bibliographies and Publications in Eastern Asia

The head investigator intended to make a catalogue of old antiquarian Chinese books and old Japanese books, not only making catalogues of the late Prof. Sogabe Collection and the late Mr.Kuzuhara Collection, but also adding book annotation with location.In the task of library cataloguing of antiquarian books, it is necessary to establish standardized cataloguing rules of old books or antiquarian books from the national point of view. And it is considered an urgent problem to show new NCR (Nippon Cataloguing Rules) with definities of bibliographical terms.The investigator make an effort to describe outflow and inflow of arts and books including information of bibliography and catalogue of books, and also tried to analyze contributions of famous book seller "Bunkyudo" in Japan Furthermore, tried to investigate outflow from palaces of emperor or relatives in the end of Qin period. By way of example, dealing with Yen-le-da-dian (永楽大典) and Gong wan-fu (恭王府) which are famous books and palace. The investigator also added to consider the aspect of outflow and inflow of arts and books with social background of the period.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas


Role of Virus and Genetic Susceptibility in Otitis Media

CHILDREN'S HOSP PITTSBURGH/UPMC HLTH SYS


大粗度周辺の流れにおける乱流機構に関する基礎研究

Principal Investigator：高橋 迪夫, Project Period (FY)：1983, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C), Research Field：Hydraulic engineering


Radio Me: Real-time Radio Remixing for people with mild to moderate dementia who live alone, incorporating Agitation Reduction, and Reminders

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council


How to involve the European citizenry in European politics? Emotions, media discourse, and mobilisation

The research project sets out to describe the mechanism that explains how political entrepreneurs created mass mobilisations by engaging European citizens against Haider's FPÖ, against the Bolkestein directive, and against Turkish membership. The lack of citizen participation is often assumed to be the main problem of democracy at the European level. The recent mass mobilisations are puzzling, as not much has changed in the circumstances that were thought to cause the apathy of citizens towards European politics. Contrary to the actor- and structure-centred accounts found in the European integration literature, this research project focuses on the activating quality of emotionally-loaded media discourse by incorporating insights from media effect theory and collective action theory. While it is known how citizens become politically engaged with national politics, the peculiarity of multi-level European decision-making, and, especially, the profoundly different political opportunity structure for mobilisation on European issues need to be taken into account.

Knowledge on the necessary circumstances for engaging citizens with European politics is elicited by comparing three issues with high levels of mobilisation to three similar issues with low levels of mobilisation. Media discourse and citizens' political behaviour in Germany, France and Switzerland is analysed via a qualitative and quantitative content analysis and by consulting social movement databases. The non-EU Switzerland serves as a validity check. Subsequently, an experiment with a pre-test/post-test design is held to test the main independent variables related to emotionally-loaded media discourse, while controlling for the relevant intervening variables. By disclosing whether politicisation is the prerogative of Eurosceptics, or may lead to the kind of contestation beneficial to democratic politics, this interdisciplinary project will disclose the prospects for civic participation in European politics.


INSECT MODEL FOR STUDY OF THE INSULIN RECEPTOR


MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF LYMPHOID CELL NEOPLASMS


DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING CLINICAL PROGRESS


An Activity-Based Introductory Statistics Course for All    Undergraduates

An Activity-Based Introductory Statistics Course for all                       Undergraduates An activity-based statistics course for                          undergraduates is being developed that draws from recent                        experiences at the secondary level and in industry, where                       statistics has been made relevant by focusing on the production                 and analysis of data of interest to the participants.                           Laboratory activities are being created with emphasis upon                      modern data analysis and graphical techniques, student                          projects, case studies, technology, and innovative teaching                     practices that treat statistics more as a laboratory science                    and less as a subject for lectures.  This project is producing                  a cohesive collection of laboratory units for students of                       introductory statistics, along with reference, assessment and                   implementation manuals for instructors.


Development of a knowledge base for dementia care and AI utilyzing citizen science in the DX era

認知症の人の生活障害に関するケアの知識を、AIを活用して誰もが利用できるようにするために、本研究は、①日常生活行為に関する生活障害とケアの基本知識を文献研究とヒアリング調査によって収集し、AIが正確に学習できる知識基盤原案を開発する。その後、②知識基盤原案をシチズンサイエンスの手法を用いてWebページで１年間市民に広く公開し、認知症の人の多様な生活障害のケアを収集し、知識基盤に組み込み充実させる。③更に、その知識基盤から認知症の人を含む市民、ケア専門職がスピーディに利用可能な知識提供AIを開発し、認知症の人や認知症ケアエキスパートを対象としたヒアリング調査によって有益性と利便性を検証する。

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)


Integrity and localization of Mitochondria in Menkes Disease Pathogenesis

PROJECT NARRATIVE The F99 phase of this proposal will investigate Sox11's diverse role in neural development using two models Xenopus laevis (frog) and Mus musculus (mouse). Results from this study have the potential to inform studies not only regarding Sox11's role in neural development, but also cancer research and neural injury and repair, given that Sox11 is implicated as an essential protein in these fields. Completion of the F99 phase will provide training in intellectual, technical and professional skillsets in preparation for and transition to the postdoctoral (K00) phase of this award.


Transmissibility of avian influenza viruses in mammals

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Our research seeks to understand the mechanisms that would allow highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses to infect humans and transmit among them. This information is critical for basic research and the public health sector to monitor circulating and newly emerging H5N1 strains for their pandemic potential and to develop countermeasures to such viruses.


Mechanisms of melanoma migration and survival in 3D microenvironments

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE    Metastasis is the major cause for mortality among melanoma patients, and the process of metastatic dissemination requires tumor cells to migrate and survive in non-native tissues. Understanding the cellular processes that enable melanoma cells to adapt to these non-native tissues will enable us to design therapies that exploit vulnerabilities to these specific cellular processes. This project will examine a particular morphodynamic process exhibited by metastatic melanoma cells that may facilitate their survival and migration through soft tissues by two specific mechanisms.


One of the most ambitious scientific endeavors is to summarize in a single description all the workings of the universe. In the last century, important strides were taken towards this goal, culminating with the two celebrated paradigms: Quantum Mechanics describing the universe at short distances and Einstein's theory of General Relativity describing the universe at large distances. String theory, a very ambitous theory aiming to describe by a common set of principles and equations all phenomena in Nature, manages to tame the inconsistencies and puzzles that arise when Quantum Mechanics and General relavity are put into a common framework. This is accomplished by representing all particles in nature  by a harmonic of a vibrating string, thus giving a common description of all matter and all forces in the universe. Despite the exciting developments generated by string theory, further challenges lie ahead if we are to confront the deepest puzzles of quantum gravity and to provide experimental signatures that will give direct experimental verification of the theory. My research primarily focuses on finding a complete -- Holographic -- description of string  theory, that will allow us solve the deepest puzzles of quantum gravity and at the same time give us new tools to solve strongly coupled gauge theories, such as Quantum Chromodynamics, the known but yet unsolved theory of the strong interactions.

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada


Alterierte Ozeanische Kruste als Reservoir für hochinkompatible Elemente im globalen geochemischen Kreislauf

Entgegen allgemeinen Annahmen über das Verhalten von hoch inkompatiblen Elementen wurde kürzlich gezeigt, dass z.B. W-U-Th-Ta in verschiedenen geochemischen Reservoiren keine konstanten Verhältnisse zeigen. Dies hat fundamentale Auswirkungen auf zahlreiche Modelle der Mantel- und Krustengeochemie, da (1) diese Elemente oftmals als wichtiger Tracer für Prozesse in Erdmantel und -kruste genutzt werden und (2) die Massenbilanz dieser Elemente gut verstanden sein muss, um Isotopensysteme wie U/Th-Pb oder Hf-W anzuwenden. Um die Gründe für die unerwartet variablen W-U-Th-Ta Verhältnisse in verschiedenen geochemischen Reservoiren zu verstehen, sind diese zum Teil in Detailstudien untersucht werden, welche aber die Variationen in den W-U-Th-Ta Budgets nicht zufriedenstellend aufklären konnten. Bei den bisherigen Untersuchungen blieb ein großes und potentiell sehr wichtiges Reservoir unberücksichtigt, die alterierte ozeanische Kruste, in der hydrothermale Prozesse solche Elementverhältnisse stark fraktionieren können.    Im beantragten Projekt möchten wir die Hypothese testen, ob alterierte ozeanische Kruste in der Tat ein wichtiges Reservoir für die Fraktionierung von W-U-Th-Ta Verhältnissen im globalen geochemischen Kreislauf ist. So ist z.B. aus der Lagerstättenkunde bekannt, dass sich W und U in hydrothermalen Systemen mobil verhalten. Zudem halten wir hydrothermale Alteration der ozeanischen Kruste wegen ihres großen Volumens potentiell für geeignet, um signifikante Variationen in den W-U-Th-Ta Verhältnissen zu bewirken. Unsere Hypothese konnte bislang nicht überprüft werden, da kein Zugang zu geeigneten kompletten Probensuiten der oberen und unteren ozeanischen Kruste bestand und geeignete Analyseverfahren nicht zur Verfügung standen. Die natürliche Variation von W-U-Th-Ta Verhältnissen in MORBs liegt meist innerhalb des – wegen der geringen Gehalte - sehr hohen analytischen Fehlers konventioneller Analytik. Durch die in diesem Projekt verwendete Isotopenverdünnungsmethode kann nun ein entsprechend kleiner Fehler und auch eine wesentlich höhere Genauigkeit erreicht werden. Dabei ist unser Labor eines der wenigen weltweit, das Ta-W Messungen mit Isotopenverdünnung durchführen kann, wir planen darüber hinaus solche Messungen auch für U-Th durchzuführen.  Im beantragten Projekt sollen erstmals Gesteine alterierter oberer und unterer ozeanischer Kruste mit Isotopenverdünnung systematisch auf Ihre U-Th-Ta-W Gehalte untersucht werden, und zwar (1) die einzige zur Zeit verfügbare intakten Abfolge oberer ozeanischer Kruste (Bohrloch 1256D) und (2) eine Abfolge der unteren ozeanischen Kruste (abyssale Peridotite und Gabbros, Leg 209). Dabei sollen Gesteine verschiedener Alterationsgrade und Mineralseparate untersucht werden, um damit eine Massenbilanz zu erstellen und W-reiche Phasen zu identifizieren. Unsere ersten Vorarbeiten an 1256D Gesteinen konnten eine signifikante Anreicherung an W nachweisen, die nicht durch magmatische Prozesse erklärt werden kann.


Record of the 17O-excess of H2O in the WAIS Ice Core

Steig/0837990

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).

This award supports a project to obtain a ~100,000-year record of 17O-excess from the WAIS Divide ice core, currently being drilled in West Antarctica. To date, a 17O-excess record has been obtained only on one ice core ? from Vostok. WAIS Divide is appealing for comparison with Vostok because it is located in a very different moisture transport regime, and will be influenced by potentially quite different changes in sea ice and atmospheric circulation. The intellectual merit of the work is that 17O-excess, obtained from the high-precision measurement of both 18O/16O and 17O/16O in ice core H2O, provides information highly complementary to deuterium excess which is used to provide useful insight into past climate conditions because of its dependence on evaporative conditions at the ocean surface source regions where polar precipitation is ultimately derived. Unlike deuterium excess, 17O-excess is independent of source temperature, and is only weakly influenced by fractionation during transport from source to ice sheet. 17O-excess therefore offers great potential, in combination with traditional measurements, as a powerful new tool for evaluating climate conditions in the past. In particular, it provides the opportunity to disentangle the effects of source humidity, wind speed, and temperature, local site temperature and fractionation during transport, on ice core water isotope records. The broader impacts of the work are that it contributes to the development of infrastructure and expertise needed both for glaciology and paleoclimatology, as well as for other research areas. A graduate student will work on both the method development and the analysis and interpretation of the ice core profile, providing plenty of material for a well-rounded and novel Ph.D. thesis.


PROLIFERATION OF TRANSGENIC HEPATOCYTES IN VIVO


液晶中のディスクリネーションのダイナミックス

Principal Investigator：折原 宏, Project Period (FY)：1987, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：物性一般（含極低温･固体物性に対する理論）

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


PROJECT NARRATIVE Cellular responses to cytosolic DNA have to be properly regulated to avoid pathological autoimmune responses. Using genetically diverse wild derived mice, we identified a novel allele of important regulator of DNA-responses Tmem173 mutations in which prevents potentially harmful type I interferon responses. Based on the identified polymorphism in this gene, we propose studies that will provide important insights into regulation of anti- viral responses in humans.


Sulfur Based Stem Cell Therapeutics in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

PROJECT NARRATIVE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal problem that often requires surgical resection of necrotic intestine. In this proposal, we utilize a novel hydrogen sulfide probe in conjunction with iPSC derived mesenchymal stem cells to study the hypothesis that hydrogen sulfide is a critical paracrine factor in stem cell mediated intestinal protection. A novel mouse with a mutation on endothelial nitric oxide synthase will also be used to study the ability of hydrogen sulfide to augment nitric oxide mediated mesenteric vasodilation.


DEVELOPMENT OF A MORE SELECTIVE AND SENSITIVE METHOD FOR DETECTING PATHOGENS

BASIC, APPLIED, AND ADVANCED RESEARCH IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


Systematic Studies of `Haemaphysalis Longicornis'


SHF: SMALL: Collaborative Research: Improving Reliability of In-Memory Storage

Emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies, such as PCM, STT-RAM, and memristors, provide not only byte-addressability, low-latency reads and writes comparable to DRAM, but also persistent writes and potentially large storage capacity like an SSD. These advantages make NVM likely to be next-generation fast persistent storage for massive data, referred to as in-memory storage. Yet, NVM-based storage has two challenges: (1) Memory cells have limited write endurance (i.e., the total number of program/erase cycles per cell); (2) NVM has to remain in a consistent state in the event of a system crash or power loss. The goal of this project is to develop an efficient in-memory storage framework that addresses these two challenges. This project involves undergraduate and graduate students. All software artifacts and tools will be made available to the wider research community. The work has broader industrial and economic impact since it will help improve the reliability of data storage systems for data centers and HPC applications.

This project will take a holistic approach, spanning from low-level architecture design to high-level OS management, to optimize the reliability, performance, and manageability of in-memory storage. The technical approach will involve understanding the implication and impact of the write endurance issue when cutting-edge NVM is adopted into storage systems. The improved understanding will motivate and aid the design of cost-effective methods to improve the life-time of in-memory storage and to achieve efficient and reliable consistence maintenance.


Manifold Alignment of High-Dimensional Data Sets

As the availability and size of digital information repositories continues to burgeon, the problem of extracting deep semantic structure from high-dimensional data becomes more critical. This project addresses the fundamental problem of transfer learning, in particular it investigates methods for aligning multiple heterogeneous data sets to find correspondences and extract shared latent semantic structure. Domains of applicability include automatic machine translation, bioinformatics, cross-lingual information retrieval, perceptual learning, robotic control, and sensor-based activity modeling.  The proposed research will investigate a geometric framework for transfer learning based on finding correspondences between data by aligning their projections onto lower dimensional manifolds. The proposed research will investigate a broad spectrum of approaches to manifold alignment, including one-step vs. two-step alignment, instance-based vs. feature-based alignment, semi-supervised vs. unsupervised alignment, and finally one-level vs. multi-scale alignment. Visualization tools that use alignment information will be developed to facilitate interactive learning from data analysis. To aid the processing of large data sets, the parallel computational power of modern graphics processing units (GPUs) will be exploited.

Given the rapidly increasing availability of digital data sets from a diverse variety of domains, the scientific question of extracting knowledge from massive unstructured information repositories is becoming ever more critical. The proposed research combines the study of machine learning algorithms for discovering latent correspondences between seemingly disparate data sets, and the development of visualization tools to aid human interpretation of high-dimensional data.  Empirical studies on a variety of real-world applications will be carried out, ranging from bioinformatics, Internet web archives, multilingual text, and sequential time-series data sets. The broader impacts of the proposed research include algorithmic advances in the analysis and visualization of high-dimensional data, and empirical studies on a variety of real-world applications. The data sets and software developed in this research will be disseminated through the web. The research will be communicated through a variety of conferences, workshops and seminars in several disciplines ranging from computer science, engineering, mathematics, and statistics. The PIs will make significant efforts to recruit underrepresented groups, including women and other minorities, in this research.  New course material on advanced data analysis and visualization will be developed based on the proposed research.


Développement de ruban d'alimentation pour système automatisé de dépôt de fibres sèches pour renfort_x000d_
composite

Aéronautique,, Composites, Dépôt de fibre automatisé, Fabrication additive, Liant, Préformes, Tissage étroit

Applied Research and Development Grants - Level 1


ANESTHETIC MECHANISMS BY IN VIVO BRAIN IMAGING


RESilient DEMocracies: Rethinking Democratic Resilience through Citizens' Public Connection in Societies Under Pressure

Democratic societies face a critical challenge: Addressing combined global pressures like climate change, economic instability, and disinformation while preserving democratic norms. As governments work to tackle these issues, the burden of change often disrupts citizens’ lives, leading to democratic erosion reflected in declining institutional trust, rising news avoidance, and growing intolerance. RESDEM addresses a key, yet poorly understood aspect of democracies’ ability to cope with global stressors: citizens’ democratic resilience. The project aims to develop a theoretical framework for understanding this resilience through the lens of public connection, offering a novel approach to resolving the tension between macro-level challenges and micro-level coping processes. Adopting a citizen-centric, practice approach, RESDEM examines democratic resilience as patterned adjustments in individuals’ engagement with public life when faced with disruptions. These manifest in shifting dynamics of attention to public affairs, information-seeking, political discussion, institutional trust, and political participation. RESDEM will conduct a comparative ethnographic study of onshore wind turbine projects in Norway and Germany, representing global issues materializing locally, often sparking grassroots mobilization that can challenge democratic norms. Norway and Germany, with strong institutions and high civic engagement, serve as “most likely” cases for democratic resilience. RESDEM aims to: 1) Identify key components of citizens’ democratic resilience, 2) Determine the interaction between individual resilience and local communication infrastructure, and 3) Identify factors fostering resilience through comparative analysis. The University of Bergen provides an ideal environment for this research, offering expertise in media studies, sustainable transformation and democratic theory.

HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions


Collaborative Research:  Application of Wavelets in Modelling and Visualizing Multiscale Phenomena in Geophysics

Yuen
Vasilyev

Wavelets represent a new mathematical tool, developed mostly over the last
fifteen years. The fundamental strength of wavelets lies in its inherent ability
to achieve very high resolution locally using relatively few localized functions, called wavelets. However, its application in solid-earth geophysics has remained relatively limited. In this three-year proposal a multidisciplinary team, steeped in the skills of applied mathematics, numerical analysis, fluid dynamics and theoretical
geophysics, will employ the latest tools from wavelets to address two classes of
geophysical problems.  These include finite-amplitude viscoelastic deformation in strongly variable viscosity media where thermo-mechanical coupling and mechanical compaction play mutually interacting roles, and modeling of gravity currents in both 2D and 3D geometries with strong thermo-mechanical coupling from variable viscosity and viscous heating. The aim is to disseminate the use of wavelets to the geophysical community in frontier research and basic education of graduate and undergraduate students.


Herrscherkörper in den Monarchien der Spätantike und des frühen Mittelalters

Die vergleichende Erforschung von Monarchien in der Antike sowie im Rahmen globalgeschichtlicher Vergleiche vormoderner Imperien führt in der neueren Forschung zu innovativen Ergebnissen. Das geplante Projekt steht in diesem Kontext. Ziel ist es, die Herausbildung des spätantiken Kaisertums im römischen Reich und sein Fortwirken in den monarchischen Herrschaften des frühen Mittelalters zu untersuchen. Das Besondere an diesem Zeitraum ist die institutionelle und ideologische Festigung einer monarchischen Ordnung in einem Reich, das aus einer Adelsrepublik hervorgegangen war und damit nicht nur keine eigene monarchische Tradition hatte, sondern in vielerlei Hinsicht dezidiert antimonarchisch eingestellt war. Machtpolitisch war die Monarchie zwar bereits im ersten vorchristlichen Jahrhundert alternativlos, die institutionelle und ideologische Transformation der Gesellschaft dauerte jedoch wesentlich länger und verlief komplexer. Diese Komplexität, die dann ihrerseits für spätere Reichsbildungen traditionsstiftend wirkte, gilt es zu untersuchen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf einem bislang für diese Epoche unterforschten Phänomen: dem Körper des Herrschers. Der Körper des Königs ist in der Mediävistik schon lange ein Thema und für das frühe Principat haben sich körpergeschichtliche Ansätze in neuerer Zeit als überaus fruchtbar erwiesen, doch für die Spätantike als ‚Scharnierepoche’ dazwischen fehlen entsprechende Untersuchungen.In zwei chronologisch aufeinander aufbauenden Teilprojekten soll die Entwicklung vom 2. bis ins 8. Jh. nachgezeichnet werden. Das erste Teilprojekt behandelt den Wandel von Körperrepräsentationen im Zuge der zunehmenden Institutionalisierung der römischen Monarchie, der Christianisierung und der sich lösenden Bindung an die Hauptstadt Rom bis ins ausgehende 4. Jh. Das zweite Teilprojekt fokussiert dann auf Konstantinopel als neues Zentrum und nimmt dabei das Verhältnis von Zentrum und Peripherie in den Blick. Dabei werden Ähnlichkeiten und Differenzen sowie gegenseitige Beeinflussungen von Repräsentationen von Herrscherkörpern zwischen Byzanz, den gentilen Reichsbildungen im Westen und der frühislamischen Herrschaft im Osten untersucht. Im Fokus steht das Fortwirken und die Transformation antiker Körperkonzepte ins Mittelalter. Das dritte Teilprojekt thematisiert die Körper von Herrscherfrauen. Damit wird das Gesamtprojekt nicht nur um eine geschlechtergeschichtliche Dimension erweitert, sondern auch um eine strukturgeschichtliche, indem nach der sich wandelnden institutionellen Stellung von Frauen innerhalb des sich entwickelnden monarchischen Systems gefragt wird. Methodisch unterscheiden die Teilprojekte den ‚realen’, sich performativ in einer Präsenzkultur manifestierenden Körper des Herrschers von seinen literarischen Repräsentationen, die einer jeweils eigenen, textimmanenten und gattungsspezifischen Logik folgen. Davon wiederum getrennt sind Herrscherbilder zu untersuchen, die eine dritte Erscheinungsform monarchischer Körper neben den performativen und textlichen Repräsentationen darstellen.Die Untersuchung von Herrscherkörpern zwischen dem 2. und 8. Jh. eröffnet Perspektiven auf Kontinuitäten sowohl aus der Zeit des Principats als auch darüber hinaus in das christliche und islamische Mittelalter. Der innovative Zugang verbindet politische Institutionengeschichte mit kulturwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen und bietet damit Anschlussmöglichkeiten sowohl für Forschungen zu spätantiker Körpergeschichte als auch für globalgeschichtlich vergleichende Monarchieforschung

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung


FUNCTIONAL REGULATION OF REAPER MEDIATED APOPTOSIS


3D-fabrication of cell-type selective scaffolds


Statistical Mechanics and Theory of Solids


Dynamic Modeling Methods for the Design of High Performance Machines

High performance, high productivity machines often show excessive               vibration and noise, low reliability and life, and poor                         precision.   New analytical methods for their design are required               to improve their performance.  This project deals with the                      development of more complete, computationally practical, dynamic                analysis methods for the design of such machines.  The research                 addresses machine spatial dynamics, the dynamics effects of                     clearances in connections, the dynamics effects of distributed                  mass and compliance of machine links, the dynamics effects of                   supporting structures and enclosures, the effects of fastening                  methods used in fabrication, and control systems and actuators.                 The analytical models will be tested experimentally as they are                 developed.


Crime sans châtiment : compétences et réussite criminelle

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada


EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON REGULATION OF LIVER REGENERATION


The impact of mobile technology usage on youth sport participation and development:  does self-regulation matter

Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral


PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY FOR LENTIVIRUSES


INTENSIVE QUENCHING TECHNOLOGY FOR HEAT-TREATING AND FORGING INDUSTRIES


Of the energy trapped on Earth by increasingly abundant greenhouse gases, over ninety percent is absorbed by the ocean. Monitoring the resulting ocean warming remains a challenging sampling problem, despite drastic improvements of the observing system over the past two decades. This project will complement the existing observations by inferring largescale and deep ocean temperature changes from sound waves that are generated by repeating natural earthquakes. These waves propagate across entire ocean basins, and changes in their travel time reflect changes in the average ocean temperature they encounter along their paths. Preliminary work has shown that the seismic ocean thermometry to be used constrains temperature changes averaged over a 2900 km long section in the equatorial East Indian Ocean with an accuracy of 0.007 K. This initial example of seismic ocean thermometry would be expanded into a broadly applicable method that harvests some of the abundant information on ocean warming that is generated every year by tens of thousands of shallow submarine earthquakes. This project will contribute to understanding of the ocean’s heat uptake and rate of transport to the deep ocean, that drives climate change. Measuring and understanding the patterns of heat uptake and its partitioning between the surface and deep ocean is crucial for improving projections of the climate’s trajectory in the coming decades and centuries. Furthermore, ocean warming contributes substantially to sea level rise, and the patterns of uptake imprint on regional sea level rise. The method of seismic thermometry has the potential to substantially enhance the existing observing system, and it could be operated at very low cost. In addition, the project will contribute to the development of the new generation of scientists through the support of a post-doctoral scholar and a graduate student.

Preliminary application of the seismic ocean thermometry over a 2900 km long section in the equatorial East Indian Ocean using data from the period 2005 to 2016 identified temperature fluctuations on time scales of 12 months, 6 months, and about 10 days and inferred a decadal warming trend that significantly exceeds previous estimates. The proposed work would improve the currently preliminary methodology of seismic ocean thermometry, and it would provide improved constraints on the temperature variability and trends of the largescale deep ocean. The project will apply the method to two new regions: the Southern Ocean and the subtropical Northwest Pacific. The Southern Ocean is interesting because previous data coverage is particularly sparse, estimated trends are large, and the SOFAR channel expands towards the surface. The Northwest Pacific is interesting because it displays strong decadal variability and with the Kuroshio current system hosts a strong front and an energetic eddy field. These two regions are therefore ideal test beds, both to improve the methodology and to uncover interesting signals. Another advance will be to use hydrophone rather than seismic station data. This will improve the sensitivity and thus allow use of more abundant small earthquakes, and will allow observation of travel time changes at different frequencies, from which to infer information on the depth structure of the associated temperature changes.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.


CORTICAL ACTIVITY DURING INDIVIDUATED MOVEMENTS


Integration of Cell Culture into the Biology and Chemistry  Curricula

This project integrates cell culture into team-taught, cross-                   disciplinary courses in Biology and Chemistry.  Three                           functional groups of equipment are used: tissue culture                         equipment (a CO2 incubator), immunology and biochemistry                        equipment (tabletop centrifuges, fraction collectors and a                      microplate reader), and microscopy equipment (a low light level                 video camera and printer to establish a florescent video                        imaging system).  Equipment in all three groups supports                        innovative laboratory exercises in new or revised courses in                    Immunology, Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics.                  This instrumentation also supports student/faculty  research                    teams in both biology and chemistry.


Prospective cohorts, such as UK Biobank, have advantages for the comprehensiveand reliable quantification of the combined effects of different types of riskfactor on disease. However, they need to involve large numbers of participantsbecause only a relatively small proportion will develop any particular condition. UK Biobank has collected extensive baseline questionnaire data, physical measures and biological samples from 500,000 men and women aged 40-69at baseline and their health is being followed by linkage to health records. Central adjudication of health outcomes will ensure that consistent definitions are used and facilitate access to the resource. It is now planned to enhance further the phenotyping of 100,000 participants with information from multiple imaging modalities involving Magnetic Resonance imaging of brain, heart, large blood vessels and abdomen, Ultrasound of carotid arteries,and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) of bone and joints. The availability of imaging measures that quantitatively define phenotypes that are closely related to disease will provide substantial power for detecting

https://europepmc.org/grantfinder/grantdetails?query=pi:"%7BProfessor Sir%7D%7BCollins%7D%7BRory%7D%7BR%7D" gid:"101106" ga:"Wellcome Trust"


Fostering a Transition towards Responsible Research and Innovation Systems

The main objective of FoTRRIS is to develop and introduce new governance practices to foster Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) policies and methods in research and innovation systems. Since research and innovation systems and practices in different European MS and within different research performing organisations vary, FoTRRIS will consider the implementation of new governance practices in five different MS

In order to stress that responsible research and innovation is a collaborative activity from the very beginning—collaboration starts ‘upstream’, from the definition of the problem or challenge, continues with the analysis of the problem, the projection of potential solutions, the design of a research and innovation project that aims at realising a solution, and goes on during its performance and monitoring—FoTRRIS adds the prefix ‘co’ to the acronym RRI.

Moreover, because important present-day challenges are (at least partially) of a global nature, but manifest themselves in ways that are influenced by local conditions, FoTRRIS focusses on ‘glocal’ challenges, i.e. local/regional manifestations of global challenges and on ‘local’ opportunities for solving them.

FoTRRIS will perform a transition experiment, i.e. an experiment to support the transformation of present-day research and innovation strategies into co-RRI-strategies. It will design, test and validate the organisation, operation and funding of a co-RRI-hub. This hub is conceived as a small organisational unit, that will function as a local one-stop innovation platform that encourages various knowledge actors from science, policy, industry and civil society to co-design, -perform, and –monitor co-RRI-projects that are attuned to local manifestations of global sustainability challenges.

The transition experiments performed in 5 member states will be evaluated and policy recommendations to implement co-RRI derived.

VLAAMSE INSTELLING VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK N.V.


Local organization of spatial frequency tuning dynamics in the V1

Recent studies using two-photon imaging suggested that in the primary visual cortex (V1), one of the most fundamental cortical structures for visual processing, neurons with similar spatial frequency (SF) tunings are locally clustered into vertically elongated SF columns. In this study, we simultaneously recorded and analyzed SF tunings of multiple neurons located within a column. We found that the SF signals conveyed by columns are shifted from low to high and become more diverse with response time. This sequential processing by columns is ubiquitously observed across V1. We also found that the tuning dynamics are already present at the input cortical layer in V1.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)


Intermediality in advertising for pleasure products in the interwar Japan

本研究の目的は、視覚文化論の観点から、戦間期日本における広告表現、とくに嗜好品の一種である洋菓子の広告が、挿絵・漫画、写真・映画という隣接する大衆的な視覚メディアといかなる関係をもったかを、次の３つの観点から立体的・動態的に考察することである。(1)広告デザインの間メディア性、(2)(1)を想定した上での、消費と結びついた「大衆」的デザインの領域、(3)(1)と(2)により形成される嗜好品の文化的・社会的意味、この３つである。

Kyoto University of the Arts(2021-2023)International Research Center for Japanese Studies(2020)


Robustness and specialization among hormone transporters: Redundant and unique roles

"Plant growth and development is governed by finely tuned, highly regulated hormone gradients. Impressive progress has been made in understanding plant hormone signaling, but knowledge on the mechanisms underlying their precise localization at the tissue and subcellular levels is still very limited. We and others have recently identified the first bona fide GA transporters in plants as members of the NPF protein family. Proteins from the ABC family were shown to transport the CK, ABA, and auxin hormones. Although these studies suggested specialized functions for members of these large protein families, progress in understanding their level of specialization has been limited by the scarcity of loss-of-function phenotypes, masked by the highly redundant plant genome. The goal of this proposal is to reveal the robust and specialized function of the NPF and ABC plant hormone transporter families. The project places key technological challenges that require multi-disciplinary expertise to examine how plants balance redundancy and specialization to tightly regulate hormone localization. Broad and targeted transportome screens using multi-targeted artificial miRNAs and CRISPR technology in Arabidopsis and tomato, respectively, are designed to unveil novel plant hormone transporters, with an emphasis on subcellular localized transporters and the missing GA exporters. Specialization and robustness of candidate transporters will be evaluated by integrating in vitro transport assays with in vivo growth and development experiments. I believe that the proposed ""redundant-free"" populations will lead to new paradigms in plant genetics and would explain how gene families have developed robustness together with unique and diverse specialization. Importantly, our combined genetic and organelle-specific hormone profiling approaches will establish fundamental new concepts regarding plant hormone localization, activity, and specificity at the subcellular level."


Factors Associated with Teens' Non-Responsiveness to HIV Intervention


Image Analysis Techniques for Cartographic Data Processing


Quantitative, Mechanistic Studies of Biomolecular Recognition

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Molecular recognition is at the core of biology. This project will generate fundamental knowledge on molecular recognition processes occurring at a wide range of spatial scales and yield unique opportunities for drug design through altering mechanistic pathways.


エリア・サンプリングにおける誤差と標本抽出過程の関係解明

本研究は、住宅地図に基づいたエリア・サンプリングの各種誤差の発生メカニズムを統計科学的に検討することで、名簿がない場合の社会調査に適用可能な確率標本抽出法を考案してきた。今年度は、1年目に明らかにした標本回収率の低下、回収標本の人口統計学的属性の偏りなどの問題を重点的に検討した上で、東京都の区部と市部を対象地域とし、エリア・サンプリングによる実証的な調査を個別面接聴取法により実施した。調査結果の分析を行うことで、各種誤差の回避方法を解明してきた。今年度の具体的な研究実績は次の通りである。1)調査地点の抽出に用いた電子住宅地図と国勢調査区の実際状況の不一致による誤差を避けるために、町丁番地を調査地点として用い、住宅地図から世帯一覧表を確認し、補完する方法を実際に試みた。2)世帯抽出と誕生日法による個人抽出の過程をすべて調査員に記録させるための現地調査手順を検討し、具体的なチェック体制を確立した。なお、訪問時間帯と在宅率との関連性を配慮して、誤差を回避する方法を検証すると同時に、現地調査の操作手引きを作成した。3)一次データ分析を行うことで、標本回収率の低下及び標本の属性的な偏りは、標準的な標本抽出法と同じ傾向があることが明らかになった。実証的な調査の概要は以下の通りである。1)調査地域:東京都の区部と市部2)調査対象:20歳以上の日本人在住者3)調査地点数:80地点4)標本の大きさ:1,200名(80地点×15名)5)標本抽出法:住宅配置図に基づく3段抽出(調査地点、世帯、個人)6)回収標本数:420名(回収率:35%)全体的には、エリア・サンプリングに関わる誤差を慎重に分析した結果を発表すると同時に、抽出名簿がない場合の標本抽出法の具体的な操作指針を取りまとめた。

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

Doshisha University(2009)Research Institute for Humanity and Nature(2008)


熱ルミネッセンスによる土器の年代測定(継2年)

Principal Investigator：有光 教一, Project Period (FY)：1965, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research


Charakterisierung der Ontogenese einer inhibitorischen Verbindung im auditorischen Hirnstamm mittels serieller Analyse der Genexpression (SAGE)

Bisher gibt es kein umfassendes Bild über das Repertoire an Proteinen, das für die Entwicklung und das Funkionieren neuronaler Verbindungen notwendig ist. Mittels serieller Analyse der Genexpression (SAGE) und unter Rückgriff auf Genomforschungsdaten soll daher zum ersten Mal die globale Genexpression einer inhibitorischen neuronalen Verbindung während der Reifung sowie im adulten Stadium untersucht und verglichen werden. Dies erlaubt, die Grundausstattung an prä- und postsynaptischen Proteinen in ihrer Gesamtheit zu erfassen und molekulare Bedingungen für die Entwicklung einer hochgradig geordneten topographischen Projektion zu identifizieren. Wir wollen hierzu eine morphologisch und physiologisch gut charakterisierte inhibitorische Projektion im auditorischen Hirnstamm der Ratte untersuchen (MNTB-LSO). Inhibitorische Synapsen machen mehr als 30% im ZNS aus und sind von medizinischer Relevanz. Die generierten Daten werden die notwendige Grundlage für die im zweiten Schritt geplanten funktionellen Studien liefern und eine erste Zuweisung der physiologischen Aufgabenbereichs unbekannter, im Zuge der Genomforschung identifizierter Gene erlaubt.


WEST AFRICAN SUSTAINABLE LEADERSHIP AND INNOVATION TRAINING IN BIOINFORMATICS RESEARCH (WASLITBRe)

West African Sustainable Leadership and Innovation Training in Bioinformatics Research (WASLITBRe) Training Program Narative. It is evidently clear that NIH has audaciously stimulated and is supporting research in human health and heredity in Africa, which is further, enhanced with informatics tools development and short-term training in bioinformatics. However, the long-term sustainability of the initiatives remain a doubt if effort is not directed to African Universities to develop innovative, future-looking- oriented data science academic education to perpetuity maintain the scientific research leadership in data science. We therefore proposed here to develop a West African Sustainable Leadership and Innovation Training in Bioinformatics Research (WASLITBRe) to support the H3Africa consortium. Our long-term goal is to produce a sustainable network of individuals who are well trained in various aspects of advanced bioinformatics and data science research, ready to assume leadership roles at academic, health care and research institutions in West Africa.


Computer simulations of the mouse spermatogenic cycle

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Using a systems biology approach, we will simulate the spermatogenic cycle on a temporal-spatial scale and present the results in a time-lapse movie format. This project will yield an interactive tool to study the role of cellular behaviors in the arrangement of germ cells and the timing of sperm release. Such knowledge will be critical when treating male infertility or developing male contraceptives.


Molecular Regulation of Aging Thymus Atrophy


波・流れ共存場における軟弱底泥の舞い上がり機構に関する研究

Principal Investigator：中野 晋, Project Period (FY)：1989, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：Hydraulic engineering


ART: Translational Research Ambassadors Network for Strengthening Institutional Capacity and Fostering a Responsive and Open Mindset (TRANSFORM)

Boise State University’s vision for this Accelerating Research Translation (ART) project is to create and maintain a thriving, sustainable, and innovative translational research ecosystem that is responsive to the economic and societal needs of the region and nation. To do so, the project team will capitalize on emerging momentum in two tracks that are poised for growth and investment: market-oriented (Track 1) and community-engaged (Track 2) translational research. The market-oriented track will address commercialization and traditional technology transfer work that identifies innovations in the laboratory and moves them efficiently to the marketplace (e.g., problem identification, innovation, intellectual property protection, industry collaboration, and translation through licensing or startups). The community-engaged track addresses innovations in human systems, healthy ecosystems, public policymaking, and democratic governance. This track is designed to better equip federal, state, local, tribal governments as well as NGOs, nonprofits and community organizations with the tools and networks to manage and respond to socio-economic changes resulting from stressors, such as, a rapidly increasing population, greater pressures on natural resources, and changing climate conditions. During the first year of the project, seven ART Ambassadors will champion program development, policy reform, and the reallocation of resources to support translational research. Program mentor, Arizona State University’s Global Center for Tech Transfer team, will work with Boise State to advise on strategic areas of investment, identify hindrances and roadblocks to a successful translational research process, and serve as a resource for training and institutional capacity building. In building, testing, and advancing translational research systems, the ART Ambassadors will invest in Seed Translational Research Projects based on translational potential, responsiveness to priority societal problems, strong partnerships, and training opportunities for postdocs and graduate students.

Boise State’s ART project represents a deliberate effort to improve the university’s connections and role within the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. The project team will consolidate a set of institutional initiatives to foster the growth of this entrepreneurial ecosystem, integrating university and industry leadership, mobilizing faculty expertise to support dialogue and evidence-based decision making, and creating a robust network of partners. By strengthening its institutional capacity in translational research, Boise State will be an active partner of new industries that are rapidly expanding in the region and will support government officials and NGOs to design collaborative solutions to pressing social, environmental, and policy problems. The ART project will provide training for early career faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students to help prepare the next generation of translational research professionals. Project leadership and ART Ambassadors will ensure inclusiveness and accessibility in all aspects of the proposed work, including lowering barriers to participation, implementing inclusive mentoring networks, and assessing diversity and inclusiveness in the translational research community on campus and with external partners. By the end of the ART program, Boise State will demonstrate an upward trajectory in the “Big 5” translational research metrics: invention disclosures, new patent applications, total licenses, license revenue, and startups formed.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.


Mechanismen der (Re)aktivierung des latenten Cytomegalievirus im Rattenmodell und Möglichkeiten zu therapeutischen Beeinflussung der viralen IE1/2Genexpression und ihrer immunmodulatorischen Wirkung

Keine Zusammenfassung vorhanden


Integrated ACT services for ex-offenders in the Nashville commuinty.


Principal Investigator：池上 英雄, Project Period (FY)：1983, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Fusion Research


Improving the Quality of Learning by Utilizing Instructive Design Theories as Learning Strategies

In this research, for the purpose of fostering autonomous learners, the possibility that learners can utilize instructional design (ID) theories to use it as learning strategies was examined. We prepared 11 types of teaching material texts related to ID theories, practiced classes, and examined whether ID theories can be used by students for learning. As a result, Nine events of instruction and ARCS model were highly acclaimed. The reasons were easier to use, easier to understand, and useful. Three tests (pre-, post- and prerequisite) were valued from the follow-up survey six months after class. Through this study, it was suggested that ID theory would contribute to improving the quality of students' teaching and learning strategies.


SFB 606: Instationäre Verbrennung: Transportphänomene, Chemische Reaktionen, Technische Systeme

Die Gemischbildung und Verbrennung in (direkteinspritzenden) Verbrennungsmotoren erfolgt grundsätzlich instationär und die Verbrennungsprozesse in Gasturbinen und technischen Verbrennungseinrichtungen werden vielfach durch instationäre Phänomene bestimmt. Instationäre Phänomen sind auch Ursache wesentlicher technischer Probleme für fortschrittliche Verbrennungskonzepte. Die kurz- und mittelfristige Vision dieses Sonderforschungsbereichs ist die Erarbeitung des Verständnisses von instationären Phänomenen bei der technischen Verbrennung, so dass zukunftssicheren, fortschrittlichen Verbrennungskonzepten zum technischen Durchbruch verholfen werden kann. Hierbei sollen auch Modelle, die in die Entwicklungswerkzeuge für technische Verbrennungseinrichtungen eingehen, physikalisch abgesichert werden. Aufbauend auf der Entwicklung moderner optischer Diagnoseverfahren und numerischer Methoden der letzten Jahre sollen hierbei Fragestellungen aufgegriffen werde, die bislang nicht in dieser Weise angegangen werden konnten. Die längerfristige Vision ist die Entwicklung eines grundlegenden Verständnisses von Verbrennung, chemischen Reaktionen, Stoff- Und Wärmeübertragung sowie deren Kopplung in instationären Geschwindigkeits-, Temperatur- und Druckfeldern in ein- oder mehrphasigen Strömungen.

Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus Süd (aufgelöst)


Border Change and Local Development in Europe and Beyond

Border changes through secession, unification, and territorial transfers have reshaped almost all states in Europe since 1815 and revisionism continues to threaten states worldwide until today. While the causes of border change are well-studied, its consequences for local development have been much less scrutinized. BORDERS therefore analyzes the mechanisms through which border change has affected local development in Europe and beyond over the past two centuries using new theory, data, and methods.

BORDERS’ central contributions are delivered by four work packages (WP). WP1 develops a theory of the impact of border change on socio-economic development through changes in local ethnic demography, economic market exchange, state capacity, and ethnic politics. WP2 produces unparalleled longitudinal data on local development across Europe since the 18th century by using machine learning to measure village-level development from historical survey maps. Additional data from historical administrative and geographic sources will be collected to capture the relevant causal mechanisms. WP3 empirically examines the theory and mechanisms developed in WP1 across the more than 200 border changes in post-1815 Europe using methods for causal inference in geographically disaggregated panel data. WP4 tests the applicability of the theory across a global sample of border changes since 1945, examines contextual factors that explain variation over time and across cases, and investigates divergences with effects observed in historical Europe.

In times of renewed border contestation, BORDERS contributes new theory and robust evidence on the local effects of border change in Europe and beyond. The project enriches debates on long-run development and provides data on historical development in Europe of unprecedented detail. Innovations in map digitization and methods to gauge the generalizability of causally identified micro-level effects contribute to the social sciences more generally.

LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE


Vibrio cholerae antinitrosative stress defenses and gut microbiome interaction

PROJECT NARRATIVE Cholera is a devastating diarrheal illness responsible for severe morbidity and mortality in developing countries around the world. These proposed studies will characterize Vibrio cholerae-gut microbiome interactions during V. cholerae infection, with the goal of better understanding V. cholerae stress responses and pathogenesis and, potentially, discovering novel treatment and prophylactic interventions for cholera.


The scale of the human genome is staggering. Our 80,000 genes account for only a small part of the delicate thread of three thousand million bases of sequence that we carry on our chromosomes. Encoded within this part of the sequence are the Instructions for making a complete set of proteins that drive all of the processes in our cells. We have almost no idea about what functions, if any, the rest of the sequence might have. Determining the sequence of the human genome - both that of the genes and that of the non-coding regions - is going to tell us much about our biology. However, there is also a lot that we will not be able to fathom from the sequence of the human genome alone. We need to broaden our horizons when thinking about the map of the human genome and the richness of information that we want it to contain. We need to understand how chromosome environment can perturb gene function every bit as effectively as mutation within gene sequence and how chromosomal elements that maintain the integrity of our genome are so intimately embedded within the way in which sequence is packaged inside of our cells.
The map of the human genome as we understand it today must undergo a Copernican transformation if it is to achieve these goals. The genome is not a linear string of letters but a dynamic and three dimensional complex of DNA with proteins and RNA. It is the cartography skills of the map-maker that we need to equip ourselves with to understand this level of human genome organization. We must use our eyes - aided by the light microscope and fluorescent coloured tags - to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of the DNA and proteins that make up our genomes and to portray this in map form.
Our work has shown that genes are clustered within restricted domains of chromosomes both in man and in other vertebrate animals. We have also seen that different types of chromosome have preferred spatial locations within the nucleus so that our genes can find themselves in different sorts of microenvironment depending on their location in the DNA sequence. We have disrupted the normal chromosome context of specific parts of the genome in a controlled way by stripping away some but not all of the proteins from human chromosomes. On these partially denuded and consequently greatly expanded, chromosomes we have been able to trace the topology of parts of the human DNA sequence for the first time. The geometric tracery of the genome that we have revealed challenges us to investigate how the pattern of interaction of sequence with protein, and the folding path of the sequence with its curves and sharp bends, is integrated with genome function and how this pattern can be copied so that the full spectrum of genetic information is passed from cell to cell and from parent to child.
To understand the significance of different distributions of sequence within the nucleus we have to know what the nucleus is made of. Using a genetic screen, we are taking advantage of the current maps of the human and mouse genome to identify which of our genes code for proteins whose destiny is to become part of the nucleus or even parts of chromosomes themselves. This experiment has suggested that as many as one in ten of our genes fall into this category - a total of 8,000 genes. Clearly, much of the coding capacity of our genome is devoted to coding for proteins that make their way back to the nucleus and participate in forming a complex environment for the genome to operate within.
There is a feeling that the completion of the human genome sequence will somehow strip some of the mystery from mankind - that we will be reduced to a mere list of bases - pages and pages of As, Gs, Cs and Ts. Our growing awareness of the complex organization of the human genome in time and space makes it quite apparent that a linear DNA sequence, regardless of its extraordinary length, will be an inadequate description of the human genome. As our new map-making adventure proceeds we hope to be better placed not only to understand our own genome's biology but also better placed to devise specific artificial chromosome environments in which to deliver genes for the amelioration of genetic disease. In the next millennium we hope that our work and that of many others will put the map of the human genome into a new dimension.


THE ANALYSIS OF IMAGES FROM THE VISIBLE IMAGING SY STEM ON POLAR SPACECRAFT FOR THE ISTP MISSION

National Aeronautics and Space Administration


Infrared Polarimetry and Imaging of Comet Halley


Design of Special Purpose Architecture for Implantable      Devices

This is a Career Advancement Award which will support the                       Sabbatical research of the PI.  This grant will allow the PI to                 extend her research into the digital hardware/software area.  She               will work at IIT on the design of low-power, battery-operated,                  limited-memory devices for implantable debribillators.  Her                     present area of expertise is in the area of signal processing                   algorithms to detect cardiac arrhythmia and therefore this                      project will allow her to implement some of the algorithms in                   hardware and gain practical experience in this field.


Promoting health and functioning in children with physical limitations through participation in physical activities: the ActiveCHILD study

Overall purpose: To enable participation in physical activity in children 0-5 years old with physical limitations, in order to promote their health and functioning.   Aims: 1 and 2) To find out how much activity children with and without physical limitations do in day-to-day life, how children's activity changes over time, and why some children end up more active than others. 3) To estimate the potential impact ('benefits and costs') that participation in physical activity may have for the child, parents, the NHS, and society. 4) To develop better ways for the NHS to support children with physical limitations to participate in physical activity (e.g. floor play, toddler groups, outdoor play).   BACKGROUND   What is the problem? Parents, policy makers, and government guidelines in England all say that NHS healthcare professionals (e.g. therapists and nurses) should help children with physical limitations to participate in physical activity. Healthcare professionals agree with this, but there is very little evidence to help them to know what to do.   Why physical activity? Participation in physical activity is how children engage with the world and enjoy life, and is important for children's health. Participation in physical activity in children 0-5 years old improves the health of their bones, muscles, hearts, and blood vessels. It also improves children's mental health, physical skills, and thinking and learning. These benefits have been shown to carry over to later life.   UK physical activity guidelines recommend that all children are active from birth. For example, under 5s who are walking should be active at least three hours a day. Only around 1 in every 10 children (0-5 years) in England meets the recommended level of physical activity. Disabled children are particularly inactive.   There are around 952,700 disabled children (0-18 years) in the UK. They often experience physical limitations which, together with environmental barriers, restrict the children's participation in physical activity. Increasing participation in physical activity in children with physical limitations provides an opportunity:   (i)  To promote children's health and functioning both now and in the future. 'Functioning' is the World Health Organisation's term for all aspects of how people's bodies work, people's capacity to complete tasks, and people's involvement in life situations.  (ii) To prevent further health problems (e.g. diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, and depression) and disability for these children.  (iii) To prevent some of the lifetime personal, family, health, and social care costs associated with childhood disability.     DESIGN AND METHODS   This research combines three related studies focused on children 0-5 years old, including children with physical limitations (e.g. difficulties in mobility or co-ordination). The children may also have other limitations, such as in communication and learning. The main outcomes will be the children's participation in physical activity, health, and functioning.   Study 1: Investigation of physical activity in children with and without physical limitations, and factors that might affect their physical activity. Data will be collected over time using accelerometers (small devices that record movement) and questionnaires to parents.   Study 2: Health economics study using existing information to estimate the impact ('benefits and costs') of physical activity for children with and without physical limitations.   Study 3: Partnership working with parents of children 0-5 years old with physical limitations, NHS professionals, and other community providers (e.g., toddler groups) to develop and pilot a range of interventions to enable participation in physical activity.   How will parents and children be involved? Parents will steer the research, and jointly lead the involvement of people in the research and the sharing of the findings. They will also inform the data collection and analysis.   OUTPUTS AND DISSEMINATION   What are the end products? (1) Brief, practical, evidence-based summaries for families and professionals on 'Enabling children with physical limitations to participate in physical activities: what, how, and when?' (2) Detailed intervention descriptions for professionals and commissioners, and funding applications for evaluating the interventions on a large scale. (3) Research publications on the evidence about physical activity and the interventions - and feeding this information to guide training, guidelines, commissioning, and policy.   How will these be shared? Through existing networks of service users, healthcare professionals, and policy makers; social media; regional workshops; national and international conferences; and academic journals.   What is the impact?   Parents, healthcare professionals, NHS commissioners, and policy makers will have better information about how to promote health and functioning in children, including children with physical limitations. Specific interventions, and training for professionals, which will be advanced to large-scale evaluation. The interventions, if effective, will directly improve participation, health and functioning in children with physical limitations.

National Institute for Health and Care Research

HEE/NIHR Integrated Clinical and Practitioner Academic Programme

The University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Award does not have an ODA Downstream Partner


Children's Street Crossing Behaviours and Pedestrian Injury Risk

Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for Canadian children 1-19 years. For elementary-school children, motor vehicle pedestrian injury is the key issue. The proposed research will address this issue by studying how children cross streets and identifying risk factors for injury. Although both environmental factors and child attributes are implicated in pedestrian injuries, few studies have explored interactive effects of these factors (e.g., Do child attributes elevate injury risk only under certain traffic conditions?). Also, research has been limited by the challenge of how to measure children's crossing behaviors in traffic without elevating risk of injury. This research will address these issues in an innovative way -- using a Virtual Reality pedestrian environment to study how children cross streets in highly realistic traffic conditions that can be completely controlled. The overall goals are to determine: (1) how individual-difference attributes interact with contextual factors (built environment features, traffic conditions) to influence children's risk of injury when crossing streets and (2) if these relations differ by child sex or age group (e.g., Can attention differences explain why boys and younger children are at highest risk for pedestrian injuries?). The knowledge gained from this research can inform: city planning about traffic flow and road design; school policies about crossing guards and guidelines about safe school routes; guidelines for parents about children's readiness to cross unsupervised; and the development of behavioral training systems to teach children safer crossing skills.


Role of H2A.z isoforms in neuronal transcription and synaptic plasticity.

Genes are expressed differentially in autistic brains despite similar genetic information as in normal  counterparts, suggesting a role of epigenetic mechanisms in the disease etiology. This study is designed to  study how very small differences in the sequence of two closely related histone proteins, a key component of  epigenetic regulation of gene expression, may produce large differences in transcription and synaptic  plasticitv in neurons.


Quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

PROJECT NARRATIVE Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen that causes a variety of difficult or impossible to resolve infections, uses quorum sensing to control virulence, and quorum sensing has become a target for development of novel antimicrobials. Efforts to develop quorum-sensing inhibitors as therapeutics will rely on a better understanding of the role of quorum sensing in virulence and on a basic understanding of the selective pressures leading to quorum-sensing control of gene expression in P. aeruginosa. Studies of P. aeruginosa quorum sensing are also providing fundamental understanding of the molecular underpinnings of cooperation.


骨髄異形成症候群におけるアザシチジン治療抵抗性をもたらす遺伝子変異の網羅的解析

Principal Investigator：塚本 彩人, Project Period (FY)：2016-04-22 – 2018-03-31, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows, Section：国内, Research Field：Hematology

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


ダリアの塊根生産ならびに貯蔵に関する研究

Principal Investigator：土屋 照二, Project Period (FY)：1978, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：園芸・造園学


Targeting Apoptosis and Immune Control of Epstein-Barr Virus Infected Tonsillar B Cells

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public Health Relevance Epstein-Barr virus causes cancer in immune-suppressed individuals. These studies will characterize a newly recognized latent phase of the viral life cycle in its natural reservoir of oral lymphoid tissue.


SPINAL CORD INJURY PATIENTS, NURSING ENVIROMENT &CARE


Neural Integration of Visual Memory in Schizophrenia


Music Video and Adolescent Resilience During Transplant

INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS


VASCULAR-MEDIATED NEURONAL CELL DEATH IN ALZHEIMER'S

UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR


Transformations of graphs which preserve some characteristic parameters

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung


ALCOHOLISM RISK: PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS IN MEN


NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION OF FRAGILE X GENE IN DROSOPHILA


Collaborative Research: Coordinated Surveys to Study the Nature of Dark Energy

AST-0507562
Frieman

One of today's most pressing open issues is to understand the nature of the dark energy apparently responsible for the accelerating expansion of the Universe.  This project will carry out a one hundred square degree multi-band optical survey of the southern sky, in conjunction with even deeper images of smaller fields, coordinated with a millimeter-wave survey that will map the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to detect galaxy clusters out to moderate redshifts.  These coordinated surveys will enable the most precise cosmological study to date with galaxy clusters, and will enable complementary studies of the dark energy using supernova distances, cosmic shear, and the galaxy power spectrum.  This research will use the NSF-supported Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory, and the privately supported Magellan telescope, both operational in Chile, and the CMB data will come from the NSF-funded South Pole Telescope, currently under construction.

The key science question of the dark energy has already engaged significant public interest.  This research will leverage the scientific productivity of multiple NSF-funded facilities, break new ground in real-time image analysis and observing optimization, directly benefit future large surveys currently in the planning stages, and continue a tradition of graduate and undergraduate student participation.


No summary - Aucun sommaire

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

University Undergraduate Student Research Awards


Population Health Strategies for Reducing Surgical Costs

PROJECT NARRATIVE This project will assess potential strategies that could be used by Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) to reduce costs for Medicare patients undergoing inpatient surgery in the United States. It will also evaluate whether ACOs are reducing costs for surgical patients by examining changes in actual Medicare payments over time. The results will have immediate impact on efforts by ACO leaders and policymakers to reduce costs for surgical patients.


Salts and synthetic coatings on wall paintings: characterising their transformation, interaction and contribution to deterioration

Salts and degraded coatings-typically inherited from failed conservation interventions-are ubiquitous problems in cultural heritage conservation. In wall paintings, salt deterioration leads to powdering and flaking of the support and paint layer, causing serious loss. Synthetic coatings often discolour or become opaque, and may contract and pull off the painting; they may also become insoluble, making their removal impossible. When salts and coatings occur in combination, the problems are compounded, but there is a dearth of understanding on the mechanisms of deterioration and how these complex and heterogeneous phenomena may be addressed. To date, investigation of these issues has largely been limited to empirical treatment-oriented trials and to experimental research in controlled laboratory conditions. For a more informed approach to actual conservation problems in the field, research is urgently needed that combines experimental study with rigorous in situ analysis. \n\nThe proposed research will examine the problem of salts and degraded coatings through in situ characterisation of the deterioration phenomena (singly and in combination), and of the impact of the prevailing environmental conditions. Two wall painting sites have been selected for study where salts and coatings are causing widespread damage: Hardham Church, with one of the finest and earliest schemes of medieval painting in the UK, and Nagaur Fort (India) with exceptionally important 18th-century Rajput-Mughal paintings. The sites are radically different in their geographical location, macroclimate, physical history and the paintings' original technology, yet there are similar deterioration phenomena. At both sites, the paintings suffer from severe salt-related damage and deteriorated coatings applied during previous conservation interventions. The synthetic surface coatings act as impervious layers and in conjunction with moisture movement and phase changes of salt, they contribute to catastrophic decay and loss. 'Protective' coatings are still widely applied to salt-laden wall paintings and stone monuments, and the field of practical conservation is in critical need of a better understanding of their ageing and deterioration characteristics under real environmental parameters. Conservation projects are underway at both sites, involving passive conservation measures at Hardham, and treatment at Nagaur. Both projects are managed by the host organisation, the Courtauld Institute of Art. \n\nThe research is designed to study the current physico-chemical characteristics of degraded surface coatings at both sites, the impact of environmental parameters on salt phase changes, the interaction between surface coatings and soluble salts and their contribution to the deterioration of the wall paintings. The aim will be to apply, evaluate and further develop non-invasive, non-contact, cost-effective characterisation and analytical techniques for in-situ analysis, and to evaluate and calibrate these methods against more sophisticated laboratory-based techniques. By integrating complementary in-situ investigations with cutting-edge scientific research this study aims to widen the impact of scientific analysis on the conservation of wall paintings. Although the research will focus on two sites, its methodological approach and findings will be applicable to many other sites and works of art. The Project Partners supporting the proposed research are English Heritage (already involved in the Hardham conservation project) and the Mehrangarh Museum Trust (responsible for the site of Nagaur). Through a broad dissemination plan, this research will have a considerable impact across the various disciplines in the academic field and wider conservation community, and will help to raise public awareness of conservation and of the integral role of science in the conservation of cultural heritage.


NUTRAIN: Translating nuclear applications from University of York to University of Western Cape and University of Zululand

Experimental nuclear physics leads to many applications of radiation detection for societal needs from medical imaging to homeland security and nuclear decommissioning. The University of York nuclear physics group is heavily involved in such applications and has a broad portfolio of work which has been applied across many different sectors. Their detector development laboratories are very active with students from across the world receiving high-level training. This project intends to translate this activity to two historically disadvantaged universities in South Africa: the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and University of Zululand (UZ). Students from these universities will visit York to receive training in relevant technology. In parallel, this grant will fund the setting up of laboratories in their institutions where this work can be continued. The York team will support and mentor the students and early career scientists. Three different detector applications will be investigated relevant to medical imaging, mineral exploration as well as experimental nuclear physics. The SA researchers will work with their local industrial and laboratory contacts to put these detector prototypes into use. The project will help to upskill the young people involved and foster a culture of entrepreneurship and industrial engagement. This is intended to have an important legacy beyond the initial one-year term of this project.

Science and Technology Facilities Council


SEMI- AND NONPRECIOUS METAL-PORCELAIN SYSTEMS


Rosettes in Adrenal Development, Maintenance and Disease

The adrenal gland produces stress hormones required for survival. Throughout life the cells that produce these hormones are continually replaced through mechanisms that are poorly understood. We have found that a specific structure within the adrenal may be responsible for regulating this process. Results from this study will determine the role of this structure and the factors that regulate it, which may impact future treatment of diseases such as primary aldosteronism.


I-Corps: Translation Potential of a Clinical Decision Support System

The broader impact/commercial potential of this I-Corps project is the development of a clinical decision support (CDS) system that enables doctors to make better treatment decisions and employ team-based care to improve the management of patients with chronic disease. This project may also have a positive impact on patients by allowing them to better understand their care plan, adhere to their medications, and be active participants in their care. While the project currently focuses on hypertension management, the technology has the potential for management of other conditions. Overall, this project has a significant potential clinical impact, with opportunities to improve health outcomes for patients and reduce payer spending.

This I-Corps project utilizes experiential learning coupled with a first-hand investigation of the industry ecosystem to assess the translation potential of the technology. The solution is based on the development of an innovative, web-based, clinical decision support technology platform, built with industry standard specifications (i.e., Substitutable Medical Apps and Reusable Technology - SMART) and data connectivity and transfer via Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). These features uniquely provide interoperability across various electronic health record (EHR) vendors. The core technology consists of an evidence-based hypertension treatment algorithm that is connected to the EHR via the FHIR programming interfaces. Through the extraction and processing of clinical data and patient-generated data, the system generates tailored treatment recommendations.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

New York University Grossman School of Medicine


Spezifische psychosoziale Interventionen des Hausarztes bei somatoformen Störungen  eine manual gestützte, kontrollierte und randomisierte Ergebnisstudie

Es handelt sich um eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Untersuchung. In Psychosomatischer Grundversorgung geschulte Ärzte (Allgemeinmedizinier und Internist) werden nach dem Zufallsprinzip zwei Gruppen zugeteilt. Gruppe A (Interventionsgruppe) wird in der Anwendung des Praxismanuals für somatoforme Störungen geschult. Gruppe B versorgt Patienten im Rahmen der psychosomatischen Grundversorgung wie bisher. Für jede Gruppe werden zwanzig Ärzte mit zehn Behandlungsepisoden rekrutiert. Die Studie ist auf zwei Jahre mit drei Meßzeitpunkten angelegt. Das Behandlungsmanual basiert auf dem Wissensstand und eigenen Erfahrungen mit der Behandlung von somatoformen Störungen im hausärztlichen Kontext. Es optimiert die Kompetenz der Ärzte in psychosomatischer Grundversorgung. Hauptziel ist die Verbesserung der körperlichen Beschwerden und der Lebensqualität. Weiter Zielvariablen sind Angst und Depression, die Behandlungszufriedenheit von Arzt und Patient, die rechtzeitige und gezielte Überweisung in fachpsychotherapeutische Behandlung und die Gesundheitskosten (Krankenhausaufenthalte, AU-Zeiten). Die Forschungsfragen leiten sich aus dem derzeitigen unbefriedigenden Stand der Forschung zur hausärztlichen Versorgung von Patienten mit somatoformen Störungen ab.


Foundations in medieval societies: Cross-cultural comparisons

"In the present foundations are ascribed a central role in overcoming social and political problems, be it in the field of social welfare or the sponsorship of science and the arts. But they were also in the past always an indicator of the condition of a society and lend themselves to deducing its overall structure. In a historical perspective they permit an intercultural comparison because there is evidence of the phenomenon of the foundation, while not on a continual basis, in all advanced civilizations. The project intends to carry out a comparative investigation of foundations of the medieval millenium (from approximately 500 to 1500 CE) in European Latin and Greek Orthodox Christianity, in Judaism, Islam and in pluri-religious India and of their mutual relations while making use of the ideas of modern global history. It will therefore also involve questions of cultural transfer or cross-cultural interaction. Under the leadership of the submitter five experts from the fields of Medieval, Byzantine, Jewish, Islamic or Ottoman and Indian studies will compile an ""Encyclopedia of Foundations in the Medieval Millenium"", in which articles written collaboratively will depict the forms, objectives, legal structures, endowments of the foundations and historical changes taking place within them, taking into consideration their religio-historical background (esp. end time concepts) and their respective historical context. The planned project is built upon pilot projects working on this issue, while a publishing company has already secured the rights for the publication of such an encyclopedia (also online). On completion of the project the submitter will also present a monograph on foundations in the Middle Ages as ""total social phenomenon"" (M. Mauss) in an universal history perspective."


DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS


RNAStrukturAnalyse im Hochdurchsatzverfahren mittels spezifischer Ligation von cycloPhosphatEnden und Deep Sequencing

Wie Proteine falten sich auch RNA-Moleküle in vielfältige und komplexe Strukturen, um ihre Funktionen in der Zelle zu erfüllen. Während hochdefinierte Faltungen bei rRNAs, tRNAs, Ribozymen, Riboswitches und Terminatoren bereits lange bekannt sind, findet man zunehmend auch in mRNAs definierte Strukturen, die mit ihrer Stabilität, vor allem aber mit ihrer Translatierbarkeit korrelieren. Es ist somit von großem Interesse, die Strukturen aller Transkripte einer Zelle zu erfassen, um ihre Funktionsweise und Regulation besser zu verstehen. Während in vitro Strukturanalysen gut etabliert und relativ unkompliziert sind, ist die in vivo Analyse äußerst aufwändig. Gegenwärtig existieren nur wenige robuste Methoden, wie in cell SHAPE, DMS-Seq und deren Varianten SHAPE-MaP und DMS-MaPseq. Diese Ansätze basieren auf dem Auslesen von RT-Stopp Signalen bzw. von spezifischen Fehler-Signaturen, die während der RT entstehen. Nachteilig ist, dass RT-Stopps auch durch spontane Termination oder stabile RNA-Sekundärstrukturen entstehen bzw. dass nicht alle einzelstrangspezifischen Modifikationen zu RT-Signaturen führen. Wir wollen eine neuartige Methode etablieren, die über Ligationspositionen Einzelstrangbereiche ausliest. Die durch Blei-Spaltung entstandenen 2‘3‘-cyclo-Phosphat- und 5’OH-Enden werden mittels spezifischer Ligasen an Adapter fusioniert und im Deep Sequencing identifiziert. RT-basierte cDNA-Abbrüche werden nicht erfasst. Eine weitere Hintergrund-Reduktion wird durch die Analyse von Ligationsprodukten beider entstandenen RNA-Enden erreicht. Parallel zum experimentellen Vorgehen werden wir eine präzise bioinformatische Methode zur qualitativen und quantitativen Erfassung von Einzelstrang-Signalen entwickeln, um damit möglichst exakte RNA-Strukturen zu erhalten. Da eine direkte Messung der positions-weisen Struktur sehr hohe Coverage (ca. 10-15 Read-Enden pro Position) erfordert, werden wir Methoden entwickeln, die das gemessene Signal über kleine Intervalle aggregieren, sodass auch mit kleiner Coverage noch Aussagen getätigt werden können.Kombiniert mit Ribosome Profiling-Analysen wollen wir mit dieser neuen, orthogonalen Strategie dann in E. coli klären, wie mRNA-Strukturen und Translationseffizienz zusammenhängen – vor kurzem publizierte Untersuchungen zeigen hier stark gegensätzliche Ergebnisse. Zusätzlich wollen wir in psychrophilen Mikroorganismen analysieren, wie mRNA-Strukturen bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen reguliert werden, um eine effiziente Translation zuzulassen.Insgesamt wollen wir eine neuartige Hoch-Durchsatz-RNA-Struktur-Analyse mit niedrigen Hintergrundsignalen entwickeln, um damit wichtige Fragen zum Einfluss von RNA-Strukturen auf Stabilität, Translationseffizienz und deren Regulation in verschiedenen Zellsystemen zu klären. Durch die Deponierung der Expressionsplasmide für die optimierten Ligasen in der nicht-kommerziellen Plasmid-Sammlung addgene wird diese Methode auch der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft zugänglich gemacht.


IL-15 Characterization Through Experimental Immunology


Real-Time Mass Spectrometry (RT-MS) Instrument  Upgrade and Development


The multifaceted effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on refractory cardiovascular disease

In this study, we studied whether C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) administration would exert an antiarrhythmic effect in rats after acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and increase left ventricular diastolic distensibility in rats with HFpEF.Study 1;Ventricular tachyarrhythmias were less frequent in rats after myocardial I/R who received CNP in comparison to rats. Importantly, CNP administration improved the mortality rate associated with myocardial I/R injury-induced arrhythmias. CNP administration also accelerated Akt and NO phosphorylation in cardiac tissues.Study 2;The diastolic LV dysfunction in HFpEF model was improved by CNP, although arterial pressure was not affected. Furthermore, CNP attenuated an increase collagen volume fraction in LV. In conclusion, short-term infusion of CNP attenuated ventricular arrhythmia and long-term CNP administration improved diastolic function. These data suggest the potential usefulness of CNP for myocardial I/R injury and HFpEF.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


Elucidating the role of raffinose on poplar physiology

No summary - Aucun sommaire


Impact of direct dopaminergic neuromodulation of the subthalamic nucleus in health and in experimental Parkinson's disease

Project Narrative This project supports the mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to pursue fundamental knowledge about how the brain works in order to reduce the burden of neurological disease. Specifically, the proposed research will enhance our basic understanding of brain networks that become dysfunctional in Parkinson’s disease. This knowledge has the potential to improve treatments for the disease through a more sophisticated appreciation of the efficacies and limitations of current therapies.


Regulation of Retroviral RNA Packaging and Dynamics of HIV-1 RNA Export


Assessment of age- and stroke-related changes in the human motor network using multimodal approaches


CONTRIBUTION OF NITRIC OXIDE RELEASED TO METABOLIC VASODILATION IN THE HEART


The national health expenditures for dental services exceeded $102 billion in 2009. Oral diseases and craniofacial disorders are linked to total health and wellbeing throughout life. Virtually everyone has had at least one oral disease, e.g., dental caries, periodontal disease, cold sores or cancer. Many suffer from oral and facial pain. General risk factors, such as tobacco use and poor dietary practices, affect oral/craniofacial health. Data show a connection between oral health and chronic illnesses such as diabetes and cancer.


EXPRESSION OF MAMMALIAN TRANSPORT PROTEIN FORMUTAGENESIS


Aufnehmen – Prozessieren – Teilen – Speichern: Forschungsdatenmanagement für die interdisziplinäre Membranforschung

Keine Zusammenfassung vorhanden


Sodium levels in hospital patient menus exceed recommended levels

ICS Travel Awards

Travel Awards - Institute Community Support


Fluid chemistry and fluid-rock interaction of Alpine veins, Central Alps

This is an extension proposal of a PhD project studying the fluid chemistry and fluid-rock interaction processes of Alpine fissure veins, Central Alps, Switzerland. Metamorphic veins are one of the most important sources of information about fluid flow and fluid-rock interaction during orogenic processes, have been extensively studied from a structural, fluid inclusion and stable isotope perspective, and provide some of the most precise geobarometric data about the late-metamorphic history of mountain belts. In the current project we documented the field relationship, mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry and fluid inclusion characteristics of 6 selected Alpine vein systems in the Central Alps. Detailed analysis of the vein mineralogy and paragenesis was performed as well as geochemical analysis of wall and host rocks. Fluid inclusion assemblages in quartz were studied by combining microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy and LA-ICPMS microanalysis. A large number of aqueous and aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusion assemblages with clear textural timing relationships were measured, quantifying the concentrations of alkali metals, alkaline earth elements, several transition metals as well as some non-metals (S, Cl, Br) and semi-metals (B, As, Sb). In the remaining time of the current project we will mostly focus on the thermodynamic modeling of fluid-rock interaction and obtain independent data for the temperature and pressure evolution of each vein locality. We request an extension of the project to complete this major new dataset, and to additionally obtain geochronological data by spatially resolved Ar-Ar dating of adularia and white mica from the studied veins. The combination of these two datasets will be the key innovation of this PhD thesis, because absolute time information about the fluid inclusion evolution will allow independent interpretation of the pressure and temperature history of the veins. Unlike conventional thermochronology alone, the pressure data will provide direct constraints on the exhumation, erosion and cooling history of the Central Alps.

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung


Multidisciplinary HIV and TB Implementation Sciences Training in China

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Program requirements include (but are not restricted to) coursework, an internship at a national HIV or TB program, a research project over the course of 36 months and participation in various workshops. Senior staff trainees, post-doctoral candidates and eligible Ph.D. students will carry out coursework at the CCDC and UCLA or Yale, and M.S. and M.P.H. students will study only at CCDC. 13 degree candidates and 44 medium to long-term non-degree trainees have successfully completed the first China ICOHRTA program, and 442 people have attended workshops. China ICOHRTA trainees have published 95 peer-reviewed articles, 7 textbooks and updated curriculum at 7 institutions of higher learning.

NATIONAL CENTER FOR AIDS/STD CONTROL AND PREVENTION


ETHANOL AND XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM AND TOXICITY IN LUNG


ARNG ADMIN SERVICES

NATIONAL GUARD MILITARY OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE (O&M) PROJECTS


Support for Cost of Prototypes for U. S. Users of the U.S.-Japan Joint Optoelectronics Project - Interagency Transfer

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY


X-RAY AND MOLECULAR PROBES OF RETINOBLASTOMA


Modeling and Interacting with the Visible Molecular Cell

Project Narrative CellPACK combines information from cellular ultrastructure, genomics and proteomics, and atomic structure to build three-dimensional models of subcellular environments at molecular detail. In the proposed work, we will bring cellPACK technology and the associated visualization tool cellVIEW to a new level with an ambitious goal: the modeling and visualization of an entire bacterial cell. The methods will be applied in two settings: as a tool for research in the study of Escherichia coli structure and function, and in educational settings as a way to promote understanding of structure and function of living cells.


Collaborative Research: SCH: An AI Coach for Enhancing Teamwork in the Cardiac Operating Room

Cardiac surgery is often needed to address some of the most serious heart problems, resulting in administration of more than 900,000 cardiac procedures each year. The cardiac Operating Room (OR) is a complex environment where healthcare professionals from multiple disciplines -- including surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, and nurses -- collaborate to administer this life-critical care. To successfully administer care, all members of the surgical team are expected to perform their tasks in lockstep and with full awareness of dynamic situations encountered during surgery. However, achieving such ideal teamwork is difficult in the complex environment of cardiac OR, where human performance is adversely affected by factors such as high workload, fatigue, and interruptions or disruptions during surgery. This project addresses an urgent need for mitigating these preventable human errors and improving patient safety through the design of an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled coaching system (AI Coach) for monitoring, assessing, and enhancing surgical teamwork in the cardiac OR.  Central to the functioning of the AI Coach will be a set of novel machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence algorithms to computationally generate interpretable feedback and interventions for enhancing surgical teamwork based on multimodal sensor data. The project will train students in the multi-disciplinary research area of Smart Health. The project will increase public engagement with AI, by incorporating the research results into a planned museum exhibit on human-AI collaboration.

The project’s overarching goal is to design the AI Coach system comprised of multimodal sensing hardware, data-driven algorithms, and a user interface to enhance surgical teamwork in the cardiac OR. AI Coach will achieve its objectives by pursuing two parallel strategies: (i) addressing the problem of modeling surgical teamwork; (ii) computationally generating feedback to improve this teamwork. The project team will first develop a novel Team Markov Model (TMkM) that reflects the surgical team’s mental model. Then, the computational core of the system will be realized through the development of (a) machine learning algorithms based on novel multi-agent imitation learning methods to arrive at predictive models of teamwork that explicitly depend on latent performance-shaping factors, such as mental models, and (ii) explainable AI techniques to computationally generate interpretable feedback and interventions for enhancing teamwork. Due to the challenge of collecting large data sets of surgical teamwork, the algorithm development will emphasize sample- and label-efficient techniques. The project team will prototype and test usability of the integrated system by employing iterative, user-centered design approaches. The solutions will be developed and evaluated using multi-modal expert-annotated data of surgical teamwork and prototyped in a state-of-the-art OR simulation facility.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.