Polarized Electron Beam with Sub-nanosecond Mulch-bunch Structure

We developed polarized-electron-sources to produce an intense beam with a multi-bunch structure (2x10^<10>electrons/bunch, 100bunches, 2.8ns separation) for future linear colliders, such as Japan Linear Collider (JLC).1 ) Polarized Electron Beam with Sub-ns Multi-bunch StructureThe NBA (Negative-Electron-Affinity) surface is indispensable to allow polarized electrons inside GaAs to emit into vacuum. However, it brings the serious problem due to photo-voltage effect that occurs when high-density electrons are excited by the first-laser-bunch and accumulated in NBA surface. Then the band-bending of GaAs surface is declined and then the electron emission by the second-laser bunch is strongly suppressed. We could find that the photo-voltage effect can be relaxed using the photocathode with a superlattice structure instead of the strained GaAs, and could demonstrate the clean double-bunch beam can be produced by GaAs-GaAsP or InGaAs-AlGaAs photocathode. The important problem is solved to produce the polarized multi-bunch beam for JLC by this work.2 ) Development High-Gradient Polarized GunThe next important subject is to produce the low emittance (【less than or equal】10πmm -mrad) beam by developing a gun with highergradient field (【greater than or equal】1MV/m) at GaAs surface. We constructed a new gun and succeeded to apply 200kV to electrodes with a small dark current (【less than or equal】1nA), which is much higher than 120kV achieved by SLAC-gun. We could obtain the high quantum efficiency by cleaning the GaAs surface by atomic hydrogen. We also pursued to produce a low emittance beam by an RF-gun. The two-photon-excitation method was proposed by us to solve a serious problem of survivability of NBA surface under high gradient field of 100MV/m. We could already confirm that the high polarization of 90% can be obtained by this method.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University


Prediction and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes (TrialNet)

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Research over the past decade has clearly demonstrated that the development of autoantibodies directed against the islet cells that make insulin are present for a few to many before the development of clinically overt type 1 diabetes mellitus. This collaborative research effort is the only very large well-oiled consortium that can test diabetes intervention strategies that might delay or prevent Type 1 Diabetes


INTRACELLULAR KILLING OF ENRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS


Endothelial Progenitors As Islet Vascular Address


Self-organized nonlinear prediction study for chaotic time series based on nonlinear information criterion

The possibility of chaos presents special interest for forecasting chaotic time series data. The present paper investigates the non-linear forecasting technique in the context of deterministic chaos using both artificial and financial data. The characterization of time series by use of the delay coordinate embedding technique to construct a smooth map of the underlying dynamics becomes standard in the nonlinear time series analysis. A generalized information criterion is proposed to determine the embedding dimension and the delay time for delay coordinates of the reconstructed dynamics both for linear stochastic and nonlinear deterministic processes. While the standard maximum likelihood type method requires statistical parametric models such as autoregressive models, the generalized information criterion is constructed from the second order generalized entropy in terms of the correlation integral which is directly obtained from a time delay vector. It is found numerically that the present method works well when applied to chaotic and stochastic systems such as financial and temperature tome series.

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)


Human cytomegalovirus latency in cultured monocytes

Human cytomegalovirus, like other herpes viruses, can enter a state of quiescence or latency. As a consequence, drugs that treat symptoms of active infections, do not clear latent virus and do not cure cytomegalovirus infections. It is critically important to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying latency so that new, more efficacious therapies can be developed.


IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION--NURSING MEASURE IN HEART FAILURE


Molecular interactions of mammalian circadian clock proteins

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE:  Circadian rhythm influences many aspects of metabolism, physiology, and behavior in human. Disruption of a normal circadian rhythm (such as jet lag and insomnia) has been associated with an increased occurrence of obesity, depression, certain cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, addiction, and other health issues. Research conducted in this project will lead to a better understanding of how circadian rhythm is generated, maintained, and how it may be disrupted; and will have broad implications in many disease mechanisms and their effective treatment.


TRANSPORT ACROSS ALVEOLAR CAPILLARY MEMBRANE


Does vestibular loss predict hippocampal atrophy in aging adults?

Project narrative Vestibular loss is common in older individuals. We observed in prior studies that vestibular loss in aging adults is associated with reduced spatial cognition, which is a commonly-observed feature of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we aim to investigate whether vestibular loss in aging adults predicts hippocampal atrophy, which could be a mechanism by which vestibular loss leads to decline in spatial cognitive function.


Lupovis: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing Phase 2

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.


RAP AS A MOLECULAR CHAPERONE/ESCORT PROTEIN FOR LRP


一般化されたSeifert構造の分類

複素n次元空間〓^n上の線形ベクトル場X=Σ^^n__<i=1>λ_i・Z_i〓/〓Z_i(ただし、すべてのλ_i/λ_jが正の有理数である)の解で定義される〓^n-{【.vertlcally divided circle.】}上の葉層構造は一般化されたSeifert構造である。さらにXに横断的な2n-1次元単位球面S^<2n-1>にこの構造から一般化されたSeifert構造が随伴される。そのlead spaceは同じ2n-2次元orbifoldになっている。我々の得た主結果は次の構造定理である。「2n-1次元微分可能、連結な閉多様体Mから〓^n-{【.vertlcally divided circle.】}への微分可能な写像がXに横断的であるならば、MはS^<2n-1>に微分同相である。」この定理の証明のために、我々は多様体Mからorbifold Qへのsubmersionを定義し、一般化されたEhresmannの定理を作ったそして、一般化されたSiefert構造の分類のために、A.Haefliger(geneve大学)教授の援助を得てこの構造に対する分類空間を新たに作った。そして、そのホモトピ-的性質をもちいて、fibreがS^1でQが単連結のときに分類が可能となり、この応用として主結果を得た。したがって、fibreが一般の多様体で、Qが単連結でない場合の分類については今後に残された問題である。これ以外に、〓^n上の一般の正則ベクトル場に横断的な写像の存在・非存在について多くの結果を得た。それゆえに新たに興味ある問題が3つみつかっている。得た結果を以下の研究集会・セミナ-で口頭発表した。(1)「微分解析と微分位相幾何」研究集会(京都大学数理解析研究所、1989年11月)(2)「古典力学・量子力学とトポロジ-」研究集会(科学研究費総合A 代表者松本幸夫、1989年11月)(3)名古屋大学理学部数学教室の「力学系セミナ-」(1989年、4月、10月、12月の3回)(4)京都大学理学部数学教室の「微分トポロジ-セミナ-」(1989年、5月、11月、12月の3回)

Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)


Heteroepitaxial bonding for hybrid integration of nanostructured optical devices

The objective of this project is to open a new avenue for the design and fabrication of hybrid integrated photonic devices by harnessing the unique excellent quality of interfaces obtained by such heteroepitaxial bonding. This bonding technique has the capability to associate two materials that cannot be grown epitaxially, and achieves this feat without an intermediate dielectric layer: it reconstructs the atomic bonds at the interface and preserves the crystalline properties of each material, as well as any patterning previously defined on one of the surfaces, without burying the pattern in an intermediate layer material, as occurs in prior art. This technique thus makes it possible to design and realise integrated hybrid devices that cannot be envisioned at all with present growth and/or bonding methods. Our project studies this bonding technique, promising for the development of a new generation of devices, and demonstrates its relevance on several carefully selected integrated devices as test vehicles. We study the bonding on silicon of two classes of materials that are fundamental for the operation and fabrication of photonic integrated circuits (PICs): III-V semi-conductors of GaAs or InP type for the obtainment of essential emission/amplification functions, and magneto-optical garnets for the equally critical function of optical isolation. These materials will be bonded on silicon, taking advantage of the optimised high-performance of guide technology available on Si, and of the capability to nanostructure them. We additionally study the bonding of III-V materials on SiC in order to take advantage of its very high thermal conductivity. In this case, nanopatterning also brings nano/thermo/mechanical advantages: it relaxes stresses and can limit the range of stresses related to differential thermal expansion. The bonded surfaces will be of limited area, on the order of cm2, enough for the realisation of a single device (“vignettage” in French). In order to demonstrate the strong potential of this bonding technique, we study several integrated photonic devices. We have selected devices which, through their operation, shall neatly evidence the quality of the bonding as well as the interest to include a nanopatterning at the interface. We study such telecom key-devices as DFB laser diodes and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), both electrically pumped, as well as optical isolators. For lasers and SOA, the silicon nanopatterning, performed simultaneously with the guide patterning, will broaden the parametric design space in order to mitigate the limiting heat transfer value of present designs. It is, by the same token, thermal issues, that prompt us to study GaAs VCSELS bonded on SiC. Beyond individual devices, this technique will contribute to boost the performances of more complex integrated circuits, such as the commutation matrices based on SOA integrated on SoI guides. This project, fundamental in character, shall make new hybrid integration architectures available for photonic devices, thanks to the preservation of the integrated nanopatterns upon heteroepitaxial bonding. This integration of nanostructures in the central part of architectures adds functions such as confinement/periodicity to the palette, and it also has a large potential to stabilise frail or brittle interfaces. It will have the potential to lengthen their lifetime and to make them immune to thermal cycling or to stress occurring during e.g., contact definition or packaging steps. Last but not least, this project exploits the momentum of a critical mass of skilled players that will amply scan through the features of bonding among different systems and will be in position to constitute an exhaustive knowledge base with a great potential.


Institutional variation in surgical care for breast cancer in US community hospit

Project Narrative This proposal investigates institutional variation in the surgical treatment of breast cancer at community hospitals. In particular, we seek to determine whether the supply of plastic surgeons and radiation oncologists at a given institution correlates with the type of surgery preferentially performed. This project is a collaborative effort of government, non-profit and academic hospital information and research systems and will provide a new data source for comparative effectiveness and other health services research in community hospitals, an understudied sector of the U.S. healthcare system.


IGF::OT::IGF : FOR LIFE: AN ONLINE RELAPSE PREVENTION TOOL FOR ADOLESCENT SUBSTA


The UPMC Sexually Transmitted Infections Cooperative Research Center

The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Collaborative Research Center will conduct projects that further knowledge of STIs that lead to reproductive tract damage in women. Goals of the Center will be to inform strategies for prevention of disease associated with STIs in women, and to advance vaccine efforts to prevent STIs in both men and women.


Agricultural biostimulant development based on cultivated microalgae

Currently, the agricultural sector faces two concurrent challenges: the increasing the food productivity of the growing global population, increasing the efficiency of resource use, and reducing the environmental impact on ecosystems and human health generated by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The use of plant biostimulants is a very helpful practice in resolving this problem. Biostimulants are products that contain organic substances that act in the regulation and modification of the physiological processes of the plants, evolving in the improvement of the capacity of absorption of nutrients, in the growth and cellular division and increasing the resistance to abiotic stresses (such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures) and biotic (attack by pathogens and parasites) decreasing dependence on the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides and the negative effects they have. The objective of this project is to produce and commercially validate an agricultural biostimulant based on the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus, grown in photobioreactors. The strategy for a short-term validation, essential to make the development of the product economically viable within the company, will be carried out through a protocol of comparative analyzes between the studied biostimulant, the S. Obliquus extract and the seaweed-based biostimulant of greater tradition in the market, the extract of Ascophyllum nodosum. This protocol will cover the evaluation of antioxidant enzymatic activities, the elicitor aspect of the mechanisms of action of biostimulants - superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, oxidative stress indicator compounds (MDA, peroxide, superoxide), enzymes and compounds of carbon metabolism (invertase, total soluble sugars, sucrose, reducing sugars) and nitrogen metabolism (total soluble amino acids, nitrate, nitrate reductase, urease, total proteins), and soluble phenolic compounds, in addition to growth and production assessment measures such accompanied by analysis of chlorophyll, carotenoids and alsophotosynthetic rate of plants using IRGA. (AU)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Auxílio à Pesquisa - Pesquisa Inovativa em Pequenas Empresas - PIPE


Child Health Research Career Development Award at Children’s National

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The Child Health Research Center Development Award (CHRCDA) Program at CNHS will train the next generation of pediatrician-scientists who will perform cutting edge basic and applied research on issues of importance to child health and development. While there are many opportunities to use molecular biology to advance treatment of pediatric diseases, the technology is complex, labor intensive and requires a comprehensive understanding of current scientific advances. Because the necessary extended bench experience is often lacking in the traditional career development of most academic pediatricians who have recently completed clinical training, the CHRCDA provides 2-4 years of training and practical experience under the direction of experienced investigator-mentors.


Body Heat Content and Dissipation in Obese Adults


Mechanisms of Dysbiosis by Attaching and Effacing Pathogens

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Food-borne pathogenic bacteria contribute significantly to worldwide illness and are of key concern to public health. This project aims to explore how one class of disease-inducing bacteria, one that includes pathogenic E. coli, can invade and successfully colonize the mammalian intestinal tract. By fully understanding the complex interactions between invading pathogens, the normal gut microbes, and the mammalian host we hope to provide the foundation for future therapeutic and preventative strategies.


The Value of Creative Growth: making growth work for creative enterprise

This early-career leadership fellowship intends to advance the support and evaluation of the creative economy through exploring and testing more holistic measures of economic growth that are more resonant with the wider interests and values of creative enterprise and the communities they engage. By modelling a more qualitative conception of growth, and supporting that growth trajectory, it is argued that creative enterprise can be more effectively levered towards creating traceable value across social, cultural, economic and practice-based agendas. This will be tested each at an individual, organisational and collective or regional level.

As such, this proposal will apply a Creative Growth Model, developed through learning and testing from previous AHRC-funded research in the creative economy, to frame growth for creative practice in four keys areas: network growth, through new and enriched communities of practice; knowledge growth, through new learning and enriched forms of practice; value growth, through new and enriched products, services and experiences; and market growth, through new and enriched audiences and ways to reach them.

This fellowship will be based at The Innovation School at The Glasgow School of Art and build on existing relationships with industry and academic partners established across a trajectory of creative economy projects. This includes delivering projects in four case contexts, including working across the H&I to develop a network of creative micro clusters supporting creative enterprise across the region; working in Dundee to develop a leadership group for the creative and entrepreneurial development of digital makers; working in Bristol and creative hub partners across a support network for creative enterprise; as well as working with academic and industry partners and programmes across the Creative Economies Hub, to lead knowledge sharing and critical debate on the role of academic institutes in the creative economy.

This aims to produce evidence of more qualitative ways to evaluate creative growth, new approaches for supporting creative growth, a series of case studies on understanding the value of creative enterprise, and legacy projects in each context where leadership groups, collaborations and clusters have developed the capacity and resource to sustain themselves going forward.


反芳香族サーキットを利用した狭バンドギャップ大環状共役系の創製

Principal Investigator：山本 敬晃, Project Period (FY)：2014-04-25 – 2015-03-31, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows, Section：国内, Research Field：Organic chemistry

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


Haydn, Solfeggio, and the Art of Melody: A New Approach to the Classical Style

Solfeggi, or studies in melody, were central to the training of European musicians c.1670-1850. The method originated in Italian conservatoires for disadvantaged children, especially at Naples and Bologna. The presence of large ms. collections in European archives (almost 300 in Italy alone) testifies to the importance of this kind of exercise for composition and performance in the 18th and 19th centuries, including for the 'Classical Style' of Haydn and Mozart, which continues to underpin modern notions of art-music as an academic discipline and creative industry.
Despite its historical significance and its potential to enliven current debates, the tradition has featured fleetingly, if at all, in modern scholarship. The reasons for this are complex, but can be explained in part by a prevailing Germanocentric bias and a continuing reliance on 19th-century theories.
In mapping out a significant new direction for musicology, this project challenges ingrained attitudes founded on a dominant national(ist) meta-narrative, framed in 19th-century Germany. It demonstrates the importance of music as a mechanism of transnational cultural exchange, which in many ways transcends linguistic barriers. It explores a vanished network of cultural relations - a shared understanding of melody - that once brought together the poorest and richest on (almost) equal terms. Although the conservatoires that pioneered solfeggi produced musicians for the super-rich, to provide entertainment at courts and chapels, they were at the same time charitable institutions that offered vocational training for the poor and dispossessed. Many great musicians of the western tradition (including Haydn) rose to exalted status from humble backgrounds, primarily through the spread of these training methods.
This Fellowship will produce the first monograph on the solfeggio tradition, supported by a free online database, public engagement and networking activities. It will reconstruct a forgotten art of melody, drawing on primary source material not available elsewhere, to provide scholars with a framework for further studies and performers, teachers, and learners with new insights (by e.g. informing the development of curricula and music education software, facilitating collaboration through an international network, offering workshops at schools and conservatoires, preparing an international conference and exhibition, attracting PhD students, and mentoring a research assistant).
To focus its scope, the study investigates Haydn's operas and string quartets in light of the teachings of Neapolitan maestro Nicola Porpora, from whom he claimed to have learned 'the true fundamentals of composition'. This involves the construction of a new theory, which inverts the conventional modern understanding of western 'common practice' music by identifying the main compositional determinant not in the bass, as bearer of harmony, but in the melody, as bearer of form (or discourse). Solfeggi taught melodic writing and 'conduct', or what would now be called musical form.
The solfeggio tradition embodies the meritocratic spirit of the Enlightenment. It testifies to a shared European heritage of melody as a cultural practice (or a kind of language) that crossed national boundaries. Meaningful parallels can be drawn with contemporary popular music culture, which can similarly unite people across linguistic and social barriers. Haydn learned his craft busking on the streets and backing singers. His music was founded on the elaboration of simple well-known formulas, like modern pop music. Its aim was to entertain.
With appropriate leadership, this seminal study of the solfeggio tradition will contribute to an increased understanding of inter-cultural relations in terms of the influence of a transnational diaspora (primarily of Italian musicians, transmitting their practices across Europe through oral teachings) and the power of music as a common language of popular culture.


NALTREXONE &SSRI THERAPY FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE


イソシアナートを用いた完全分子間[2+2+2]付加環化反応

25年度は、不飽和化合物として1,3-ジエンを用いた分子間[2+2+2]付加環化反応の開発や、この反応で得られる生成物を用いた新規ウラシル類の合成研究に取り組むことを計画していたが、これらの研究課題は24年度に全て取り組んだ。そこで25年度は、申請者の所属する研究室で最近見出された、1-アルケニルボロン酸エステルを用いたアルデヒドのアンチ選択的なアリル化反応を発展させるために2つの研究に取り組んだ。以下に研究成果の概要を示す。(1) イリジウムおよびキラルリン酸触媒によるアルデヒドのエナンチオかつアンチ選択的なアリル化反応の開発。不斉反応へ展開することを目指して、低温条件下でも反応が進行する高活性な触媒を探索した。その結果、カチオン性の[Ir(cod)_2]BF_4錯体とPCy_3から調製したイリジウム触媒と(R)-TRIPの存在下で、ベンズアルデヒド(1)に(E)-1-ペンテニルボロン酸エステル(E)-2を28℃で作用させると、アンチ体のホモアリルアルコール3が不斉収率93%、ジアステレオ選択性>98:2で得られることを見出した。(2) ロジウム触媒による脂肪族末端アルケンとピナコールボランの脱水素ポリル化反応の開発。1-プルケニルボロン酸エステルを極めて入手容易な脂肪族末端アルケンから合成する反応の開発に取り組んだ。カチオン性の[Rh(cod)_2] BF_4錯体と(S, S)-i-Pr-Foxapから調製したロジウム触媒と2-ノルボルネンの存在下で、1-ペンテンにピナコールポランを28℃で作用させると、脱水素ボリル化生成物が好収率で得られることを見出した。また本手法を、(1)で開発した不斉アリル化反応に応用した。これにより、入手容易な脂肪族末端アルケンから付加価値の高いホモアリルアルコール類を合成することが可能になった。


Novel neurosteroid anesthetics and developmental synaptogenesis

Narrative Early exposure to clinically used general anesthetics disturbs normal brain development leading to permanent cognitive and behavioral impairments. A family of neuroactive steroids with blocking action on low-voltage- activated T-type calcium channels are promising novel general anesthetics since they are powerful analgesics and effective hypnotics and importantly, compared with injectable (and inhaled) anesthetics, appear to be much less harmful to the developing brain.


BDNF val66met Genotype and Age: Hurricane Sandy Supplement

This project aims to understand behavioral changes associated with aging from the standpoint  individual differences in genotype. To do this we assess the impact of different variants of a  gene known to be important for memory on cognition, brain structure, and brain neurochemistry  and how these interact with age.

FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH


白ネズミを用いての動因の交互作用とその制御機構の研究

Principal Investigator：石井 巌,石井 厳, Project Period (FY)：1980 – 1981, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B), Research Field：Psychology


Regulation and Function of SRF in Vascular Pathiobiology

Vascular disease is accompanied by changes in gene expression. SRF binds CArG boxes to direct normal or abnormal gene expression in cells of the vessel wall called smooth muscle cells. We will use novel tools in genetics and genomics to define, for the first time, the role of SRF in acute and chronic models of vascular disease. Findings will inform future therapeutic strategies to combat human vascular diseases.


High-angular resolution diffusion MRI for brain fiber st


Salivar progesterone and estradiol compared to their respective blood profiles during the estrous cycle as an aid to assisted reproduction in bitches.

A inseminação artificial (IA) é uma biotécnica reprodutiva que apresenta inúmeras vantagens. A cobertura da cadela no momento impróprio é a causa mais comum de falhas em programas de criação, portanto para se ter sucesso na IA é imprescindível que se faça o correto acompanhamento do estro da fêmea a ser inseminada. A mensuração da progesterona plasmática é um dos principais métodos para se determinar o período da ovulação. A dosagem de progesterona em fluidos biológicos, como a saliva, é um indicador útil, preciso e não invasivo utilizado para controlar a atividade ovariana em diferentes espécies. Outro método  para se determinar o período da ovulação é a mensuração do estradiol plasmático através da quantificação pelo plasma sanguíneo. A atividade ovariana pode ser monitorada pela quantificação de alguns hormônios em fluidos biológicos, como a saliva, e dentre estes hormônios o estradiol pode ser um indicador útil, principalmente quando utilizada em conjunto com a progesterona. Sendo assim, os objetivos desse estudo são dosar progesterona e estradiol plasmáticos e salivares de 05 cadelas que serão submetidas à IA, verificar a existência de correlação positiva entre ambas matrizes biológicas e avaliar a utilização da saliva como método para monitorar o momento adequado para cobertura ou inseminação artificial na espécie canina. (AU)

Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ)


HIGH TRANSITION TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM INTERFERENCE FILTERS

AIR FORCE DEFENSE RESEARCH SCIENCES PROGRAM


DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF PASSIVE CONTROL METHODS TO ALLEVIATE CAVITATION BREAKDOWN IN AXIAL WATERJET PUMPS


Project Narrative Voltage-gated sodium channels are fundamental to cardiac excitability. Hence, modifications in sodium currents are known to contribute to cardiac arrhythmias. Since the original cloning of the genes encoding for voltage- gated sodium channels, the -subunit of the sodium channel was thought to be a monomer. However, during the previous funding period we demonstrated that sodium channels form functional dimers. In this renewal we will explore how the physical dimerization of sodium channels leads to dimerization-dependent channel activity with implication for normal physiology and for cardiac pathologies.


Visual number estimation and shape: common or different mechanisms?

Visual number estimation is an important ability in humans as it conveys information about the numerical quantities (objects, people) in natural scenes. Most human adults are very accurate and rapid at making visual judgements about number when the number of objects is small but they are slower and inaccurate when the number is large. In the same way, the detection and recognition of simple global-shapes (triangle, square or pentagon) are faster and more accurate than complex shapes (heptagon, octagon, etc). These similarities between number estimation and global-shape processing raise the question as to whether there is a common representation of object’s shape and visual number. Most objects in natural scenes are defined by visual attributes such as colour, size, orientation and depth. Perhaps surprisingly, little is known about the role of these attributes for visual number mechanisms. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanisms underlying visual number estimation by examining their chromatic, luminance-polarity and spatial properties. Understanding how visual number estimation mechanisms operate in normal individuals will allow us to better understand the development of numerical/maths abilities in children, and in individuals with dyscalculia and acalculia, as well as develop better visual screening tests for these disorders.


Gender, sex, violence and mobility disability in old age

Our team brings together complementary expertise from differing disciplines and environments pertinent to factors related to gender, violence and mobility disability in old age. This grant will allow to combine our experience to more efficiently investigate how sex and gender impact on the effects of violence on mobility disability and to apply this new knowledge to prevent both violence and mobility disability at the population level. The International Centre for the Advancement of Community Based Rehabilitation at Kingston will lead our Knowledge Transfer Activities at each research site. Post-doctoral, doctoral and master students will receive research training.

Team Grant: Violence, Gender and Health - LOI


VEHICLE PATH PLANNING AND CONTROL USING INPUT DATA PATTERN RECOGNITION AND PREDICTIONA C++ BASED SIM

National Aeronautics and Space Administration


Lazarsfeld  9713149    This award supports work on a number of problems in algebraic geometry.  The first is to explore the connections between invariants from higher dimensional complex geometry and the rich classical geometry of abelian varieties and Riemann surfaces.  The principal investigator also proposes to continue his work on the geometry of irregular varieties, as well as on the problem of trying to find lower bounds on the local positivity of an ample line bundle at a very general point of a smooth projective variety of arbitrary dimension.  Finally, he will investigate some questions growing out of a recent observation with Bo Ilic to the effect that if X is a projective variety of dimension n with non-negative cotangent bundle, then the least degree of a projective embedding of X must grow essentially exponentially in n.    This is research in the field of algebraic geometry.  Algebraic geometry is one of the oldest parts of modern mathematics, but one which has had a revolutionary flowering in the past quarter-century.  In its origin, it treated figures that could be defined in the plane by the simplest equations, namely polynomials.  Nowadays the field makes use of methods not only from algebra, but from analysis and topology, and conversely is finding application in those fields as well as in physics, theoretical computer science, and robotics.

Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor


Molecular Diffusivity Effects on Mixing in a Diffusively-Stable, Turbulent Flow

9977208

Rehmann

This laboratory study will examine the effect of the order of
magnitude difference between the molecular diffusivities of heat
and salt on the transport of the latter quantities by turbulence.
The focus will be on turbulence in stratified flows that are not
unstable to double-diffusive instabilities.   Motivation for this
study comes from field observations and numerical modeling results
which suggest that in some types of turbulent flow there is
differential transport of heat and salt.  The laboratory experiments
will provide a more controlled environment and more comprehensive
observations than can be achieved in the field.  The importance of
understanding the degree to which differential transport of heat and
salt occurs lies in the role that these transports play in
determining the density stratification of the ocean and consequently
the large-scale climatological transport of heat by the ocean.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign


The role of mesenchymal stem cells of cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The secreted glycoprotein MFG-E8 has many functions, including accelerating phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by phagocytes and promoting angiogenesis. We previously reported that administration of MFG-E8 suppresses the formation of pressure ulcers induced by cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury by regulating inflammation and angiogenesis. It has been reported that Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has the potential preventing tissue damage caused by I/R injury in several organs including brain, liver and kidney. Furthermore, we recently investigated that MSC produce large amount of MFG-E8, however, the precise mechanism of MSC-derived MFG-E8 in cutaneous I/R injury was not well known.The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms and the roles of　MSC in cutaneous I/R injury involving the regulation of apoptotic cells, inflammatory reaction and angiogenesis, and the effect of MSC-derived MFG-E8 on I/R injury.

Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up


The Postsynaptic Cytoskeleton and Synapse Organization


地球環境中に存在する粒子の化学組成と粒径を基にした地球化学的解析法の確立

Principal Investigator：植松 光夫, Project Period (FY)：1989, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：分析・地球化学

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


Factors which predict variance in weight change

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES


SBIR Phase I:  Mobile Produced Water Recycling for Reducing Costs in Natural Gas Production

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is to realize significant cost savings for domestic natural gas producers, enabled by recycling wastewater that would otherwise be disposed of via expensive transportation and permanent injection into the ground. While the domestic production of natural gas is a central pillar in the transition to a cleaner energy economy, a detrimental by-product is contaminated wastewater, known as produced water, which comes to the surface in large volumes mixed with the gas. In regions such as the Marcellus Basin, the largest natural gas reserve in the United States, the only viable option is to truck this water long distances to disposal wells, where it is re-injected, for a cost that comprises large portions of the operational budget. By developing a new technology for the treatment and re-use of this water at the well-site, this project aims to provide a low-cost, environmentally sustainable solution. Doing so would reduce water management costs as much as 50%, lowering gas production costs, and conserving billions gallons of water through re-use that would otherwise be lost.

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I Project aims to develop a new type of filtration membrane technology capable of removing critical contaminants from produced water, while providing the required durability, minimal footprint, mobility, and feasible cost to enable commercial water recycling for natural gas producers. Currently, no suitable technical solution exists for the economical recycling of produced water. This project focuses on a new type of ultra-durable silicon membrane that combines the filtration ability and low-cost of polymeric membranes with the resilience of ceramic. Through the strategic manipulation of the membrane fabrication approach, including catalyst deposition and chemical etching process parameters, efforts will focus on reducing pore size and increasing pore density in the membrane. The primary objective of the work is to enable the removal of critical contaminants from produced water, and to maximize filtration throughput in order to ensure a small footprint. Successful completion of the project will result in the advancement of the technology to the field-testing stage.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.


RESOLUTION OF FLURBIPROFEN BY AN ENTRAPPED LIPASE


医師主導前向き臨床試験サンプルを用い、Insight TNBCtypeのうちのImmunomodulatory(IM)signature高発現がImmune checkpoint inhibitorの治療効果予測因子となりうるかを検討する。また、TNBCに対して、Target therapyを行う上で、Insight TNBCtypeが効果予測因子となりうるか前向き、後ろ向きに臨床サンプルを用いて解析を行う。

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists


Mechanisms of Abeta-Stimulated ROS in Microglia


Seeding a lead:  an innovative approach to commercializing a canadian digital display technology within the theatre industry

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

Research Grants - Management, Business and Finance


SPECIALIZED CENTER OF RESEARCH IN THROMBOSIS


Determining the effects of metals on chironomids in controlled laboratory toxicity tests

No summary - Aucun sommaire

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Industrial Undergraduate Student Research Awards


Procedural Complexity and Economic Behavior

Abstract

Economists traditionally assume that humans are capable of using very complex decision rules to make optimal choices in markets and organizations.   Economists also traditionally assume that humans are capable of complying with very complex rules set by governments and organizational bureaucracies, such as complex tax codes and auction rules.  Several decades of research both in controlled laboratory experiments and using field data call these traditional assumptions into question.  Economists understand that there exist bounds on the complexity of tasks humans are able to perform, but it has proved difficult to formally define and measure complexity and put the notion to use in making predictions and setting policy. This proposal uses conceptual and empirical tools from economics, psychology and computer science to carefully experimentally measure what features of rules make them complex in terms of difficulty and personal burden for humans to perform.   This corpus of data will improve our ability to predict human behavior when faced with complexity, and allow us to develop effective, streamlined policies that realistically account for human capacities to cope with complexity.

Both internal decision procedures and external rules can be modeled as algorithms, implemented not by machines but by humans.  For instance, strategies in repeated games, and procedures in many decision problems, can be described as simple formal models of algorithms from theoretical computer science.  This research consists of a series of experiments designed to evaluate various ways of classifying the algorithms underlying procedures and rules as more or less complex for humans, and to understand which measures of complexity accurately predict and describe human mistakes and subjective costs.   The proposal considers distinct ways of modeling the complexity of algorithms and examines how well they predict subjects’ difficulty with implementing decision rules.  The goal of the research is to develop an empirically grounded characterization of the determinants of procedural complexity for humans, which will be useful for building predictive models of human behavior, and for designing more effective policies.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.


CHROMATIN-TELOMERE STRUCTURE AND AT GENOMIC SENSITIVITY


MOLECULAR EVENTS REGULATING APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN CELLS


1価の銅イオンの不均化反応を利用した銅微粉末の製造に関する研究

Principal Investigator：佐々木 仁, Project Period (FY)：1990, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：金属精錬・金属化学


Development of stem cell transplantation with enteric nervous differentiation from mouse pluripotent stem cells under microgravity

For new stem cell transplantation by using spheroid derived from neural crest stem cells and adipose tissue-derived stem cells under microgravity, at first, we tried to perform the differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells to the neural crest stem cell. We demonstrate that mouse iPS cells have the ability to organize a gut-like organ with motor function in vitro by three-dementional culture. A gut-like organ was composed of all the enteric components of three germ layers. When this study aims for treatment of Hirschsprung's disease, it was very important discovery to organization of functional gut including the nervous system from iPS cells which have a disease-specific characteristic.


SD Co-Occuring Disorder System Transformation Initiative


Mapping the genes for IBD by admixture linkage disequilibrium in Puerto Ricans


TRAUMATIC GRIEF TREATMENT--A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY


Repair and Regeneration in the Inner Ear


Integrated Training in Anesthesiology Research

This program is designed to provide intensive training in research relevant to patients requiring critical care and/or anesthesia. Provision of the next generation of physician-scientists will serve to improve medical care based on acquisition of scientific evidence and better understanding of relevant disease states.


Klotho: Therapeutic Agent for Ischemia Reperfusion Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Project Narrative Acute kidney injury (AKI) confers high morbidity and mortality; even though patients survive, there is a substantial risk of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy to retard this progression. Klotho is a novel promising therapeutic strategy to prevent AKI transition to CKD by promoting autophagy, which in turn inhibits renal fibrosis and ameliorates vascular rarefaction.


Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Operations Center

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: To reduce the impact of cancer on people by uniting a broad community of scientists and clinicians from many disciplines, committed to discovering, validating and disseminating effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer.


Instability of Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquids and Quantum Phase Transitions

Recently, a variety of new materials have been found for one-dimensional electron systems as well as ladder systems. Various striking phenomena have been observed. The aim of this research is to study quantum fluctuations, spin-gap formation, magnetic phase transitions, etc, for one- and two-dimensional correlated electron systems with particular emphasis on the instability of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and related quantum phase transitions. We have obtained a number of interesting results on the quantum phase transitions, which are listed below:(1) Quantum Phase Transitions in Mixed Spin Systems(2) Photoemission Spectra for the 1D Mott insulator(3) Effect of a Mobile Impurity on 1D Electron Systems(4) Haldane Gap in Alternating Magnetic Fields(5) NMR Relaxation Rate in 1D Correlated Electron Systems(6) Dynamically induced Kondo effect(7) Quantum Phase Transitions in Orthogonal-Dimer System(8) Electron Correlations in a Quantum Dot(9) Kondo Effect in Carbon Nanotubes(10) Magnetization and Hole-Doping Effect in a Frustrated Ladder system(11) Dynamical Responses of Multicomponent Tomonaga-Luttinger LiquidsAlthough the research has been performed systematically, there still remains the quantitative comparison with experiments, which will be considered in the future work.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF AGGRESSION AND SUICIDE


術後せん妄発症機序の分子遺伝学的解明

我が国は超高齢化社会を迎え，高齢者の手術件数増加に伴い，術後せん妄の増加が大きな問題となっている．術後せん妄は術後の回復期に起こり，患者にとって不快な体験となるだけではなく，生存率にも大きく影響することが明らかとなってきている．しかしながら，術後せん妄を引き起こすメカニズムや根拠のある予防法・治療法については，いまだに明らかではなく，その解明は喫緊の課題である．近年，術後せん妄と一塩基多型(SNPs)の関連が示唆されている．そこで，われわれは補完的全ゲノム関連解析(GWAS)により，術後せん妄における分子遺伝学的機序の解明を行い，術後せん妄の発症メカニズムを明らかにする．


Behavioral relevance of active dendritic mechanisms of integration and plasticity

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The hippocampus is a brain structure critically involved in learning, memory and spatial navigation, and its dysfunction is associated with amnesia, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. It is not known how the neurons of the hippocampus change their connections to other neurons to facilitate the learning of a new task or the memory of a specific life episode, although several candidate mechanisms have been suggested by experiments in brain slices. In the present application, we propose to establish the behavioral relevance of basic neuronal mechanisms that can be used in the brains of awake animals in order to provide a framework for understanding information processing and memory formation and retrieval in normal brain functioning and in disease states.


GRADUATE STUDIES IN SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY


PEDIATRIC PACO2, PVO2, AND CO HOME MONITOR


Development of European Administrative Law as a System

The administrative law has been traditionally developed as a national law, but it is now formed Europe-wide as well as internationally. We propose following two theories which can order such a changing situation : 1. Balance between classical and functional elements of constitutional principles ; 2. Coordination between plural legal systems. We also analyze the Scandinavian administrative law system that has been scarcely introduced in Japan.

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)


ATMOSPHERIC MODELING AND INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANET/STUDENT: L. JEREMY RI

National Aeronautics and Space Administration


ELECTRON INTERACTIONS WITH NUCLEI

OFFICE OF SCIENCE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM


MY HEALTH MY RESOURCES OF TARRANT COUNTY


ONCOGENIC FUNCTION OF THE ARGONAUTE PROTEINS IN PROSTATE CANCER

MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT


DNAと抗生物質の電気化学的研究

Principal Investigator：櫻 幸子, Project Period (FY)：1980, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：Physical pharmacy


Collaborative Research: Continuation of the Dark Matter Search with XENON1T at LNGS

Multiple astronomical observations have established that about 85% of the matter in the universe is not made of normal atoms, but must be otherwise undetected elementary "dark matter" particles that do not emit or absorb light. Deciphering the nature of this so-called Dark Matter is of fundamental importance to cosmology, astrophysics, and high-energy particle physics. A leading hypothesis is that it is comprised of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, or WIMPs, that were produced moments after the Big Bang. If WIMPs are the dark matter, then their presence in our galaxy may be detectable via scattering from atomic nuclei in detectors located deep underground to help reject backgrounds due to cosmic rays. Direct detection of WIMP dark matter would solve a fundamental mystery in particle physics and cosmology, providing a unique window to learning about the primary matter constituent of the Universe and of physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. This award supports the US groups involved in the XENON1T dark matter search program at the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) underground laboratory.

The XENON project continues to captivate the imagination of the public. This is evidenced, for example, by several TV shows such as "The Big Bang Theory", which on several occasions featured XENON plots and results. Public interest in science is encouraged through talks and outreach activities. XENON1T will play a significant role in solving the dark matter puzzle, by either detecting WIMPs, or putting them under immense pressure as viable dark matter candidates. In addressing this fundamental physics problem, these awards will engage many undergraduate and graduate students as well as post-doctoral researchers, exposing them to a variety of subjects in physics and cosmology, and training them in state-of-the-art technologies, thus preparing to become future leaders in the field. Finally, the instrumentation and techniques used in XENON are relevant to a wide range of applications, from areas in homeland security and medical imaging, to the analysis and statistical treatment of large data sets.

The program for the next four years will focus on the continued operation of the XENON1T experiment and its science data analysis. The international XENON Collaboration of 130 scientists continues to be led by the PI at Columbia University with key roles served by US members both in the management of the experiment and its scientific program. XENON1T uses the largest liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC) built to-date, with 2 tonnes active Xe target, and the highest sensitivity to dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), at the level of 2 × 10^-47 cm^2 for 40 GeV WIMPs. With funding of this proposal, the US will remain in the lead of the direct search for dark matter well beyond the end of the decade.


EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA


Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and its complications have a significant effect on public health and health care utilization costs. Research supported by the Center grant has the potential to improve care of patients who have PKD and related disorders.


Descriptions of Egypt: travel, tourism and the production of imaginative geographies, 1820-1914

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada


Retinal ganglion cell loss in aging mice.


SLAM with Reinforcement Learning for highly dynamic scenes

Unmanned systems are growing fast, and there is an urgent need to improve the robustness and efficiency of such systems. Quadrotors are one prime example, which can be used in a variety of different domains. This includes infrastructure inspection, disaster management, search and rescue, precise agriculture, and package delivery. The government has shown a huge interest in autonomous vehicles. The release of the Future of Transport: rural strategy highlights the opportunities for drones to make deliveries in rural or isolated towns and to help reduce pollution. Furthermore, reports have shown the self-driving vehicle industry to be worth nearly £42 billion by 2035.

Autonomous vehicles rely on highly accurate localization and mapping techniques which can be very difficult in cluttered and dynamic scenes. Dead-reckoning based methods which rely on previous estimates work in these scenarios but fall victim to propagated error which leads to inaccuracies in the long run. This has led to research in the loop closure which utilizes previously seen landmarks to re-localize the vehicle.

The most common form of self-localization within autonomous vehicles comes from Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, which is a technique that utilizes detected landmarks and control inputs to estimate the position and orientation of the vehicle within a generated map. The assumption of static landmarks however still provides an issue within the previously mentioned dynamic environments, as static landmarks are needed to be filtered from dynamic landmarks. Dynamic-SLAM methods modify the existing method by providing this filtering technique but still lack robustness when dynamic objects fill up the majority of the environment.

We hope to tackle this problem using data-driven approaches. Reinforcement learning has been shown as a viable solution for navigation within mapless and dynamic environments. We hope to train the reinforcement learning agent, through a series of simulation environments, the ability to navigate in a dynamic and cluttered environment using onboard camera depth sensors. Building on work already done but that would not have been able to take place during the PhD. An experimental quadrotor has already been developed and we hope to utilize this within Ryerson University's drone arena to validate the proposed hypothesis.

The key outputs of this project will be the development of reinforcement learning techniques to navigate within a mapless environment to aid with the mapping process in a dynamic scene. This novel technique provides an alternative solution to the current advances in dynamic-SLAM. We hope that reinforcement learning-based techniques will improve dynamic-SLAM's ability to be utilized. Furthermore, such a technical solution can be easily applied to industrial applications and is supposed to, in practice, fill the gap between autonomous control and popular artificial intelligence techniques

We believe that the proposed research brings the strength of robotics research from our partners in Canada to significantly improve the accessibility of AI techniques in autonomous robotics, and further strengthen the UK's role as the global leader in the creation of industrial autonomy solutions. Such a role aligns with the current UK research roadmap, with at least £800 million to ensure the UK can gain a competitive advantage in the creation of artificial intelligence and industrial autonomy.


TAS::89 0331::TAS RECOVERY  RECOVERY ACT EECBG

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM (EECBG)


T cell modulation of renal ischemia reperfusion injury.


There is a pressing need to make the biomedical research enterprise in the US more inclusive. With our dedicated team of teaching and research mentors, comprehensive and rigorous career development regimen, and talented pool of postdoctoral Scholars, VCU IRACDA is making significant contributions to this effort.


Detectionof Minimal Residual Disease in Childhood Leukemia by Polymerase Chain Reaction

We tried to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow of childhood leukemiain completeremission, for evaluating the effects of therapies, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Southern blot analysis using specific primers and probes for complementarity-determiningregion III (CDR III) of the immunoglobulinheavy chain. For obtaining CDR III fragments, PCR was carried out on DNA samples prepared from 6 cases of common ALL with rearrangements of IgH gene at the onset of the disease. After the unique CDR III sequences was determinedby sequencing of the PCR products from 4 cases, specific oligonucleotidesprimers were synthesized for each samples, and examined MRD in marrow samples obtainedin remission by PCR and Southern blot analysis. In 3 out of 4 cases tested, the results of MRD analysis were coincident with their clinicalcourses. However, MRD has been constantly detectedin one case, which showed long-termremission clinically. We speculated it as a falsepositive caused by low-specificity of the probe, because DH region, in this case, was very small size, and any unique mutation was not detected. There was no case of relapse, hence, we have not be able to evaluate usefulness of this method for early detection of relapse. Even though our preliminary studies provide fairy promising results, it should be suggested that there are still problems on rechnicalcomplexity as well as on specificity of CDR III itself in some cases.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


非晶質高濃度近藤系の核磁気共鳴による研究

1.はじめに重い電子系物質の低温でのcoherent Kondo効果は、f電子が規則的に並んでいることによるとされている。f電子の並びを不規則にした系ではこのcoherent Kondo効果はどのような影響を受けるかを微視的に明らかにする為に非晶質CeCu_6を^<63>Cu及び^<65>Cuの核磁気共鳴により調べる。2.研究経過スパッター法で作られた試料を0.5mm角以下に細断する。^<63>Cu及び^<65>Cu核のNMR信号を1.47K-30Kの温度範囲で測定した。試料が粉末でないこともあり信号強度は強くないので積算平均回数を可能な限り多くとった。NMRスペクトルの温度変化と、そのピークの位置でのスピン-格子緩和時間T_1の温度変化を測定した。3.研究成果(1)NMRスペクトルはナイトシフト=0の^<63>Cuと^<65>Cu核のピークを中心に非常に幅広い。これは結晶の場合に報告されている結果と似ているが半値幅は結晶の場合よりずっと大きく非晶質構造を反映している。(2)核磁化の回復は幅広いスペクトルを反映し単一指数関数的でない。これはCuの核スピンIが3/2であることと多くのサイトの異なるT_1が重なって観測されている為である。結晶の場合に報告されている論文に従い短いT_<1S>と長いT_<1L>を評価しその温度変化を調べた。長いT_<1L>はほぼKorringa則に従い4fスピンの影響を受けないCu核の緩和と考えられる。短いT_<1S>はほぼ一定でこれも結晶の場合に似ているが、大きさは結晶の場合より短くなっている。4.まとめ(1)NMRスペクトルは非常に幅広く、半値幅の増大は確かに非晶質構造を反映していると考えられる。(2)短いT_<1S>は結晶の場合より短い値を与え、single site modelの描像と合う傾向を示すが、スペクトルが非常に広く核磁化の回復曲線がmulti-exponentialなのでT_1の評価の問題点を拭いきれない。(3)Kondo温度T_Kやcoherent Kondo温度T^*は決めることができず、NQR測定が必要と考えられる。現在NQR測定を進めている。


Control of melanocyte adhesion and spreading: Analysis of the cross-talk between Kitligand signaling and integrin adaptor recruitment

The main goal of our research project is to understand the mechanisms that control the adhesion and cellular migration events during organ development or in pathological situation such as the formation of tumor metastasis. We will concentrate our analysis on a particular class of cell surface receptors called integrins that physically connect the cell to its extracellular scaffold and which mediate signals that are required for a cell to survive in the tissue. We will study how the differential docking of intracellular adaptor proteins influence the biological activity of this receptor. Moreover, we will determine the mechanisms used by this integrin receptor to amplify survival, proliferation and migration signals received via receptors for growth factors, which control the behavior of cells under normal circumstances. Consequently, changes in the distribution, secretion or the amount of growth factors in the tissue can lead to pathologies that result in tissue degeneration or tumor development. Because receptors of the integrin family occupy a central role in the processes that regulate cell adhesion and migration, the identification of the underlying mechanisms responsible for integrin receptor engagement and signaling, will lead to new therapeutic strategies to fight against degenerative diseases or prevent cancer and metastasis. In addition, our research will give new insights, how the extracellular scaffold controls cell adhesion, proliferation and survival, processes, which are indispensable for the appropriate formation of tissues by the orchestrated association of cells. The knowledge of these mechanisms will be a crucial factor, to instruct stem cells to differentiate and to rebuild degenerated tissues, eventually enabling a much more efficient and cost-effective medical approach. We will analyze these fundamental biological mechanisms in cells of the melanocyte lineage. These cells, which are normally responsible for the tanning of the skin, have developed a high capacity to migrate through various different tissues during embryogenesis. Unfortunately, this inherent invasive behavior is reactivated in melanoma, one of the most aggressive and invasive cancers. Thus, we will analyze the interaction of the integrin receptors with its adaptor proteins in different derivatives of the melanocyte lineage. To do this, we will engineer receptors and adaptor proteins into living cells that carry fluorescent tags that can be visualized by microscopes at high optical and temporal resolution. By using the living cell as a test-tube we can rapidly gain information about the behavior of normal versus pathological forms of the different proteins, in order to understand how these molecules interact to ensure adhesion and migration of cells.

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung


Position and Personalize Advanced Human Body Models for Injury Prediction

"In passive safety, human variability is currently difficult to account for using crash test dummies and regulatory procedures. However, vulnerable populations such as children and elderly need to be considered in the design of safety systems in order to further reduce the fatalities by protecting all users and not only so called averages.

Based on the finite element method, advanced Human Body Models for injury prediction have the potential to represent the population variability and to provide more accurate injurypredictionsthan alternatives using global injury criteria.

However, these advanced HBM are underutilized in industrial R&D. Reasons include difficulties to position the models – which are typically only available in one posture – in actual vehicle environments, and the lack of model families to represent the population variability (which reduces their interestwhen compared to dummies).

The main objective of the project will be to develop new tools to position and personalize these advanced HBM. Specifications will be agreed upon with future industrial users, and an extensive evaluation in actual applications will take place during the project. The tools will be made available by using an Open Source exploitation strategy and extensive dissemination driven by the industrial partners.Proven approaches will be combined with innovative solutions transferred from computer graphics, statistical shape and ergonomicsmodeling.

The consortium will be balanced between industrial users (with seven European car manufacturers represented), academic users involved ininjury biomechanics, and partners with different expertise with strong potential for transfer of knowledge.

By facilitating the generation of population and subject-specific HBM and their usage in production environments, the tools will enable new applications in industrial R&D for the design of restraint systems as well as new research applications."


Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Universidade Paulista (UNIP). Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS)


An asymmetric carbometallation approach to the construction of vicinal quaternary stereocenters

Molecular crowd control

As contemporary small molecule drugs address increasingly challenging biomolecular targets, their molecular complexity also increases, projecting the right molecular fragments in the correct 3D orientation being key to high affinity and selectivity: the higher their density, the more favorable interactions. However, this can also makes these molecules highly congested, which severely complicates their synthesis. In this project, researchers will address this issue by combining a smart synthetic strategy with modern transition metal catalysis. The newly developed synthetic methods will provide access to a wide range of complex polycyclic molecules of medicinal interest, including several naturally occurring compounds.

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

Open Competitie ENW - M 2022/2023 Pakket 22-3


East Africa is one of the most vulnerable area to climate change. Health consequences of climate change in East Africa includes malnutrition, vector-borne diseases, diarrhea and heatstroke, whereas its mechanism is very complex and uncovered. The purpose of this research is 1) to establish the research partnership with research institutes in East Africa on this topic, and 2) to elucidate factors that mediates the consequences of climate change on malnutrition based on the field survey.

National Institute for Environmental Studies(2018-2019)The University of Tokyo(2017)


Die Bedeutung von kollektivem und relationalem Vertrauen in der Kundenbindung im Dienstleistungsmanagement

Ausgangspunkt des Projektes ist der Widerspruch zwischen den intensiven Bemühungen von Unternehmen, ein langfristiges Vertrauensverhältnis zu ihren Kunden aufzubauen (relationale Ebene), und dem Anstieg des allgemeinen Misstrauens von Konsumenten gegenüber einzelnen Branchen und dem Wirtschaftssystem (kollektive Ebene). Die kollektive Vertrauensebene und dessen Einfluss auf die Kundenbindung wurde bislang in der Marketingwissenschaft vernachlässigt. Daher wird angestrebt, die Vertrauenswirkungen auf die Kundenbindung bzw. -treue zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Zur Erklärung der Kundentreue werden zusätzlich die Zufriedenheit auf relationaler Ebene sowie der wahrgenommene Wert einer Geschäftsbeziehung herangezogen und untersucht. Es wurde ein vorläufiges Modellkonzept entwickelt, welches die Zusammenhänge der zuvor genannten Konstrukte darstellt. Auf den Untersuchungsgegenstand angepasste Skalen zur Messung der einzelnen Konstrukte dienen der Fragebogenentwicklung. Die Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Umfrage ermöglichen das Aufzeigen der genauen Wirkungszusammenhänge und gegebenenfalls eine Modellanpassung. Sie verhelften den Unternehmen zu einem besseren Verständnis der Bedeutung von branchenbezogenen Verbrauchereinstellungen, das für Kundenbindungsstrategien genutzt werden kann.


Men1 Control of Endocrine Cell Growth and Differentiation


The role of the transcription factor CREB in mammalian memory

Memory disorders, from inherited forms of mental retardation to the gradual weakening of memory with age to the ravages of Alzheimers disease, exact an increasing economic toll and dramatically affect the health and quality of life of millions. Indeed, over 30 million North Americans suffer some type of clinically recognized learning or memory disorder. As yet, there are no cures and few effective treatments for these disorders. Novel approaches to the treatment of memory impairments will benefit greatly from building on basic research studying the molecular and cellular basis of normal memory formation. Previous data from a wide variety of species from sea slugs and fruit flies to rodents and humans implicate a protein named CREB (short for cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate responsive element binding protein)in the formation of long-term memory. My colleagues and I showed that increasing CREB function in a relatively small portion of brain nerve cells (neurons) enhances long-term memory formation in rodents. Our findings raise the possibility that increasing CREB function in a small portion of neurons may reverse memory deficits associated with a variety of disorders. This proposal will examine the mechanisms underlying this memory enhancement produced by increasing CREB function in a small portion of neurons and examine the potential therapeutic effects of increasing CREB function in the treatment learning and memory disorders.


Project Narrative The proposal is designed to reprogram adult mammalian inner ear by co-activation of two transcription factors c-Myc and Notch1 to achieve efficient proliferation and hair cell regeneration in vivo, and to restore hearing in the deafened mouse models. Success of the project will move mammalian hair cell regeneration a major step forward by providing practical details to develop potential treatment for hearing loss.


Consequences of faulty electron transfer induced by asymmetric cytochrome bc1 for mitochondrial respiratory disease and aging.

Complex III (cytochrome bc1), one of key enzymes of mitochondrial respiration, reversibly exchanges electrons between two major redox pools, ubiquinone and cytochrome c. This makes it an important point of regulation of mitochondrial electron flow. The enzyme is a symmetric homodimer shown, by our recent studies, to embed a rather unique H-shaped electron transfer system with four branches and a bridge connecting the two monomers. This system rapidly distributes electrons between four quinone ox idation-reduction terminals at the corners of the dimer, acting like a molecular-scale bus bar. To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the operation of this symmetric design and understand their physiological meaning, we propose to exploit forms with broken symmetry to investigate the putative advantages of the bus bar in regulation of productive electron flow, in diminishing risks of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and in protection against damage caused by mutations in mit ochondrial DNA. We propose to examine how the quinone exchange and oxidation/reduction at the four catalytic terminals integrates with the operation of the bus bar. As those processes occur in membrane, we also propose to analyze how membrane fluidity and some of its constituents affect physiological electron flow and generation of ROS by cytochrome bc1.

Senior Research Fellowship International - Renewal


Molecular architecture underlying super-sensitivity of dopamine D1 receptor expressing neurons in striatum

Neuronal plasticity and transcriptional activity in a sparse ensemble of neurons are central to learning and memory formation. The recent observations that dopamine (DA) D1-like receptor expressing neurons in the striatum are heterogeneous in their sensitivity to DA stimulation promises to shed light on how neurons are assigned to these ensembles. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon, the DA sensitivity of individual neurons will be correlated to their signaling signature, molecular organization and transcriptional profile. To achieve this, we will first map the DA sensitivity of individual primary neurons and then (1) have them express different biosensors and monitor their signaling profile after DA stimulation, (2) investigate the “signaling interactome” of these cells with super-resolution microscopy and (3) use mRNA single-cell sequencing to map their transcriptional profile. The project will be coordinated and managed independently by me in close collaboration with people in the group at the host university abroad, especially in the beginning but also continuously during the project. This project will widen our understanding and appreciation of individual neurons’ function in the DA system and pave the way towards better disease understanding and treatment strategies of e.g. addiction and Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, it will bring important knowledge of molecular mechanisms central for learning and memory formation.


セラミックス繊維間における溶融金属の結晶化過程のシミュレーション

Principal Investigator：宮原 広郁, Project Period (FY)：1996, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：Metal making engineering


Architect's magazines in Switzerland in 19th century

Apparu au tournant du XIXe siècle dans plusieurs pays d’Europe, le périodique d’architecture et de construction s’impose dans ces domaines comme le vecteur privilégié de la circulation des savoirs et des formes à l’ère industrielle. Il participe ainsi au phénomène de professionnalisation du champ de l’architecture : l’imprimé joue un rôle décisif, voire premier, dans la constitution d’une identité professionnelle moderne de l’architecte. Cet ouvrage propose une étude inédite des périodiques en Suisse sur une longue durée, entre 1830 et 1914, tant en allemand qu’en français. Abordant ces objets riches dans leur matérialité et leur contenu, il révèle les enjeux de leur fabrication, la diversité des titres et des supports, leur diffusion et leur réception, de même que le réseau d’acteurs qui œuvrent à leur parution. Le périodique lui-même apparaît comme un agent à part entière du champ de l’architecture : outil de promotion individuelle et collective, il s’impose comme une instance de consécration et de régulation professionnelle. Le travail de la critique contribue enfin à l’émergence d’une figure moderne de l’architecte suisse, en même temps qu’elle s’établit comme une activité spécialisée dans le champ professionnel, celle de l’architecte-publiciste.Journaux, revues, albums et magazines d’architecture éclairent ainsi une période fondatrice de l’histoire de l’architecture en Suisse ; leur circulation met au jour les liens étroits qui se tissent entre l’espace helvétique et le paysage architectural européen.


Transducing Tumor Cell Antigens to Amplicons


Rac GTPase Inhibition in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Project Narrative Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a disease caused by the expression of an abnormal protein called BCR/ABL. Rac GTPases are a group of proteins that act as molecular switches in the cells. We will analyze whether Rac GTPases are critical for the development of leukemias induced by BCR/ABL and analyze the specific mechanisms depending on Rac GTPases responsible for leukemia formation.


Tumor repressive role of Ets2 in the intestine

Project Narrative If colorectal cancer is a stem cell driven disease, therapeutic strategies to instruct cancer stem cells to differentiate to a benign fate are possible. Understanding the regulation of intestinal stem cells is fundamentally important for evaluating the risk of colon cancer formation and for identifying new strategies for therapeutic intervention.

SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE


19GORDON CONFERENCE ON NEURAL PLASTICITY


An Investigation of Vibratory and Acoustic Response of High-Speed Mechanical Systems Under External Forces


酢酸ルテニウム常磁性二核ユニットと有機ラジカル配位子からなる一次元ポリマーの合成

Ru_2(O_2CR)_4^+は三個の不対電子を有するので、有機ラジカル配位子で連結すれば磁性的に興味ある性質が期待できるというのが本研究の目的であったが、その目的遂行のための前段階の研究に於いても興味深い知見が得られた。以下に示す1.トリフルオロ酢酸モリブデン(Mo_2(O_2CCF_3)_4)と4,4'-ビピリジン(bpy)とからなる錯体の結晶構造トリフルオロ酢酸モリブデンに、架橋配位子として4,4'-ビピリジンをアセトニトリル中反応させ、そのX線結晶解析を行った。その結果、結晶内には[Mo_2-(O_2CCF_3)_4・bpy]_nのポリマーとMo_2(O_2CCCF_3)_4・(bpy)_2のダイマーが共在することが分かった。酢酸モリブデン(Mo_2(O_2CCH_3)_4)とbpyの組み合せではポリマーのみを生成することから、その違いは注目に値する。即ち、カルボン酸(^-O_2CR)の置換基Rの選択によりその結晶構造を制御できることになる。この結果はChemistry Letters(1993年p1969-1972)に報告した。2.ピバル酸ルテニウム陽イオン(Ru_2(O_2CCMe_3)_4^+)有機ラジカルTEMPO(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-l-piperidinyloxy radical)を軸配位させた錯体Ru_2(O_2CCMe_3)_4)BF_4に有機ラジカル配位子としてTEMPOをベンゼン中反応させた。元素分析より[Ru_2(O_2CCMe_3)_4・TEMPO・H_20]BF_4の組成と考えられた。磁化率の測定結果はRu_2(O_2CR)_4^+とTEMPOの間に比較的強い反強磁性的相互作用の存在を示唆した。これまでのRu_2(O_2CR)_4を^+を架橋配位子で連結したポリマー錯体ではRu_2(O_2C-R)_4^+間の磁気的相互作用はさほど大きくないことが報告されている。今回の結果は、有機ラジカルをポリマー合成の架橋配位子として用いることによるポリマー内の十分強い磁気的相互作用の発現を期待させる。現在X線結晶解析に適す単結晶の作成中である。

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


The Pima County Family Drug Court will expand and enhance services to children an


SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING STUDIES OF THE POTENTIAL YUCCA MOUNTAIN REPOSITORY.


Hydrocarbon induced changes of magnetic properties in soil

It is widely accepted that magnetic proxy measurements can serve as a fast and efficient tool for screening anthropogenic heavy metal accumulation in soils and sediments. There is also some indication that the input of hydrocarbons into soils lead to a change of soil magnetic properties. Within this proposal we want to study the relationship between magnetic properties of soil and the presence organic compounds at the former oil field Wietze in northern Germany. Oil was penetrating there into soil and people exploited these resources in surficial  oil pits  already since -400 years. Hydrocarbon concentration is still severe at several places and clearly dominates other effects, therefore providing an ideal test site to identify the role of input of organic compounds on the soil magnetic properties. The present study will include quantification of magnetic properties in respect to oil concentration and chemistry, history of exploitation, soil characteristics and, very important, geomicrobiological processes involving microbially catalyzed redox transformation of iron minerals that lead to changes in the magnetic mineralogy of soil. Results will be relevant for both using magnetic proxies (1) to qualitatively or semiquantitatively delineate organic contamination of soil and (2) to contribute to the development of a supplementary tool for hydrocarbon exploration/exploitation.


Exploring Drug Abuse Through the Science of Epidemiology


SLEEP AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX ASYMMETRY IN DEPRESSION


GENE ORGANIZATION:  STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS


Data Driven Structured Modelling of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems

Today’s state-of-the art methods for system and control design are model based. The ever increasing demand for higher performance and efficiency pushes the systems in a nonlinear operation mode so that nonlinear models are required for their design and control. The model quality and the model building cost are becoming limiting factors for further technological developments.To close the gap between the designers and the modellers we propose a fundamentally new approach to deliver highly structured nonlinear models meeting the designer’s needs. From a theoretical point of view, the major contribution is the development of a new nonlinear structured system identification framework. From practical point of view, the new nonlinear modelling paradigm will become an enabling technology to further push the performance and efficiency of system and control design.We follow a three step strategy to identify structured nonlinear models:- A top down approach in which we develop data driven structure revealing methods starting from initial unstructured nonlinear state space models.- A bottom up approach that identifies complex block oriented models, including parallel and feedback structures starting from the best linear approximation of the nonlinear system. These models are highly structured from the start.- An new dedicated experiment design strategy will be developed to retrieve the “best” models with the least experimental cost.Solving these problems is far beyond the actual abilities of the system identification community.  However, our long standing recognized experience in frequency domain system identification in the presence of nonlinear distortions, and recent work by the PI guarantee the feasibility of the project.Structured nonlinear model building has applications in traditional industrial and emerging new high technological applications, including biomechanical and biomedical applications.


Body, meaning, time: reexamination of the late Levinas

This study seeks to clarify the essential point of E. Levinas' philosophy, by examining his two major books, Totality and Infinity (1961) and Otherwise than being (1974). We often considered his philosophy as "ethical" thought which highlights the "responsibility" of "I" toward the "face" of "other". Nevertheless, our reading, based on his unpublished materials as well as published texts, has pointed out that his philosophy seeks to elaborate a new understanding of "being" of "human", through a permanent conversation with Martin Heidegger' ontology.


WOMEN'S HEALTH CARE ADVANCED CLINICAL PRACTICE PROJECT

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON


新奇な海洋ポリエーテル化合物からのイオンチャンネル研究試薬の探索

Principal Investigator：村田 道雄, Project Period (FY)：1991, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：製造化学・食品


Favoriser la persévérance scolaire des adolescents ayant vécu de la maltraitance à l'enfance par la remédiation cognitive en mode téléthérapie

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada


We have obtained the following two results on relations between analysis and geometry on fractals. The first result concerns a heat kernel associated with a time change of a process associated with a self-similar Dirichlet form on a self-similar set. We show an sufficient and necessary condition on the existence of a distance under which the heat kernel satisfy the on-diagonal Li-Yau type sub-Gaussian estimate. The second result is on the measurable Riemannian Geometry on the Sierpinski gasket. We show that the geodesic distance coincides with the shortest path metric on the harrmonic Sierpinski gasket and establilsh Li-Yau type Gaussian estimate of the heat kernel under the geodesic metric.


RESEARCH TRAINING IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND DEVELOPMENT


MOLECULAR BASIS OF CELL GROWTH AND TRANSFORMATION


DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL OF TCR EXPRESSION IN THYMOCYTES


Europe is home to some of the most highly educated societies in the world. However, deep inequalities in education remain both within and between countries in Europe. Inequalities in learning outcomes, access to education and final educational attainment in Europe have been worsening and it is important to understand how socio-economic status, gender, ethnic and migrant status are associated with inequalities over the life-course. For this a longitudinal approach is needed and project LEARN (Longitudinal Educational Achievements: Reducing iNequalities) will highlight short-, medium- and long-term patterns of inequalities with a view to supporting educational policymaking in being able to robustly address these inequalities with interventions which are evidence based. Using a case study approach in nine carefully selected countries which capture the diversity of Europe’s education systems, LEARN will map and collect existing data providing original analysis of a range of high-quality education focused longitudinal educational data sets across Europe. LEARN will identify interventions that compensate educational inequalities by providing a synthesis of existing work across Europe examining specific trends in educational inequalities and interventions intended to reduce them. LEARN will then go on to develop tools for policymakers related to the findings of longitudinal analysis which support them in the policy making process.  Through improving the evidence base for education policy making, the positive impact of LEARN is likely to be felt for decades to come.

HORIZON EUROPE Culture, Creativity and Inclusive society


The Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence and its Democratic Challenges

The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on society raises inherently normative questions, which call for political answers. In democratic societies, the goals and means of AI governance should be identified and decided upon collectively by those who are affected by AI technology, yet what this entails is currently undertheorized. With almost 500 AI governance initiatives launched in the last five years, this four-year research project allows two political scientists and one philosopher to redress this. Assuming that a key property of good governance is democratic legitimacy, and that a study of AI governance should primarily focus on the global level, the project’s aim is twofold: (1) to develop a democratic theory of global AI governance, and (2) to apply this theory to assess the democratic quality of existing instances of global AI governance. The overarching research question is: under what conditions is global AI governance democratic? Relying on methods like conceptual and normative analysis, and a coherentist account of justification, the project answers this question through three work packages: (1) a suitable theoretical framework is developed (months 1-12); (2) this framework is drawn upon to develop a democratic theory of global AI governance (months 13-34); (3) which is then applied to instances of global AI governance (months 35-48). A general evaluative typology is developed, mapping out the democratic demands on existing entities and their decision-making.


AUTOCRINE STIMULATION OF NORMAL BONE CELLS


DEFINING THE X-RAY PROPERTIES OF THE MOST DISTANT RADIO-LOUD QUASARS

National Aeronautics and Space Administration


A Proof of Principal Randomized Controlled Trial of Chronic Remote Ischemic Conditioning to Modify Post-Myocardial Infarction Remodeling

During a heart attack, an artery carrying blood and oxygen to the heart becomes blocked, which causes damage to the heart muscle. When possible, a clot-busting drug is given or a procedure called angioplasty is performed soon after a heart attack starts, to open up the blocked artery and restore blood flow to the heart. While this can be an effective treatment to reduce permanent damage to the heart, patients can still experience heart failure afterwards. Consequently many patients require medications to support their heart after a heart attack. Recent research has shown a new technique called Remote Ischemic conditioning or RIC, is effective at protecting the heart muscle in a heart attack. RIC is produced simply by repeated inflation and deflation of a blood pressure cuff on an arm or leg to temporarily cut off and then restore blood flow to that limb. We believe this triggers the release of molecular factors that protect heart muscle. In a recent study in humans, it reduced the amount of permanent damage to the heart muscle when applied before the angioplasty procedure. Our recent animal studies have shown that RIC may also help the heart muscle recover after a heart attack if applied everyday during the month after a heart attack, by preventing heart failure. This is important for two reasons: first, currently we can only treat heart failure with medications, and second, some people have heart attacks but are not suitable to have angioplasty and so are at greater risk of heart failure. Daily RIC may provide an easy and effective new treatment to prevent heart failure after a heart attack. This application proposes a preliminary study in humans to see if daily RIC can help heart muscle recovery after a heart attack.


An empirical research on classroom space of lower secondary school that correspond to diversifying learning forms

中学校において生徒の体格向上等のため普通教室が相対的に狭くなってきており、「主体的・対話的で深い学び」の視点からの多様な学習形態での授業を円滑に実施できるかどうかが懸念されるが、普通教室の対応性については十分に分かっていない。本研究の目的は、どの位の広さであれば授業を円滑に実施できるのかを解明することである。本研究では、学習形態ごとに物的学習環境（広さ、収納状況など）と教員の主観的評価（満足度など）との関係性を分析する。そして、分析結果を統合して学習形態の多様化に対する普通教室の対応性について総合的に考察し、広さについて実証的に検証する。

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Shibaura Institute of Technology(2024)National Institute for Educational Policy Research(2019-2020, 2023)Tsuruoka National College of Technology(2021-2022)


Striking asset-pricing patterns have been documented on days when macroeconomic news is announced (public announcements, henceforth). Asset-pricing models, which had long been deemed failures when confronted with the data, work magic on public announcements. Adding to the puzzle, the large premium earned by equity, which the asset-pricing literature has long struggled to explain, materializes in its majority in anticipation to public announcements (I provide specific references to these phenomena in Section 2.1). Although the literature documenting similar facts is now rapidly expanding, we have surprisingly little theoretical understanding regarding the determinants of these phenomena. Theoretical explanations are either based on investors' preferences or postulate a change in the structure of information on announcements. The purpose of this project is to make progress on the latter front; identify theoretically the determinants of the phenomena we observe on public announcements, and evaluate the relevance of these predictions in the data.The first part of the project aims at developing theoretical hypotheses regarding the determinants of the phenomena we observe on announcement days. Specifically, the purpose is to construct a generalized rational-expectation framework that combines several features that I have developed in my own work. This framework is flexible enough to study differences across types of announcement, and accommodates different specifications of the flow of public and private information, which is equally important for our purpose. In this setup we want to study, for instance, why the bulk of the equity premium realizes on announcement days; why the CAPM holds on these occasions; why certain kinds of announcement are more relevant than others; why prices drift before the announcement; whether announcements may help us narrow the set of factors that are truly asset-pricing relevant. The second part of the analysis evaluates the potential of the developed hypotheses at identifying the determinants driving annoucement-specific patterns in the data. Some of these hypotheses can be tested using data and procedures that we have constructed in our previous work (e.g., measuring cross-sectional variation in expected returns using I/B/E/S data). However, testing other hypotheses (e.g., spikes in realized risk premium or beta compression around announcements) will require observing returns at high frequency. I provide methodological details in Section 2.3.3. Such high-frequency data is typically available from the NYSE TAQ database, to which I would like to buy a subscription. Furthermore, this data is notoriously abundant, and I anticipate its handling as well as the execution of empirical tests to require substantial time and resources. Thus I would like to hire a doctoral student to help us on this front.

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung


Synthetic minimal redesign of plant transformation plasmids


The mechanisms underlying posterior capsular opacification

Public Health Relevance: Cataract surgery has greatly decreased the burden of blindness worldwide. However, current surgical methods are unable to remove all lens cells, and these undergo a wound healing response post surgery, leading to the formation of scar tissue within the eye, compromising vision. This work will provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms that lead to scar tissue formation after cataract surgery, which will allow us to design ways to prevent its formation, yielding improved final visual outcomes for cataract patients.


樹状突起形態変化時のドレブリン蛋白の発現および細胞内局在変化とその役割

Principal Investigator：白尾 智明, Project Period (FY)：1989, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：General pharmacology


Training Program in Cardiovascular Applied Research and Entrepreneurship

Project Narrative This proposal will create a training program to develop cardiovascular researchers who have expertise in three related disciplines: 1) engineering, 2) cardiovascular science, and 3) entrepreneurship. Graduates from the program will accelerate the development of innovative and translational cardiovascular technology.


アフリカメダカを使った加齢関連疾患の臓器特異的な病態因子の探索と解析

ヒトをはじめ多くの生物は必ず老いて、やがては必ず死を迎える。個体の老化とそれに続く死を避けることは、究極的には不可能なのかもしれない。しかし、認知症・心不全・肝疾患・サルコペニアなど、特定の臓器の不調を特徴とする加齢関連疾患は、加齢によって誘引されはするが、罹患を逃れている人たちも多い。そこで申請者は、「各臓器には、個体の老化とはある程度分離した固有の老化プロセスがあり、その進行は防ぎうるのではないか」と考えた。本研究では、この仮説を実証するため、最も短命な脊椎動物のひとつであるアフリカメダカという優れた老化モデルを使い、各臓器が罹患する加齢関連疾患の病態生理メカニズムを明らかにする。


NER: Surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering for biosensing and bioimaging

0507960
Kelley
This proposal was received in response to Nanoscale Science and Engineering initiative, NSF 04-043, category NER.

The nonlinear technique of surface-enhanced hyper-Raman spectroscopy (SEHRS) will be explored for its possible applications to bioanalytical sensing and imaging. The linear analog, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a well-known technique widely applied for obtaining vibrational spectra of analytes at low concentrations, in some cases down to the single-molecule level. SERS is proving valuable for biological sensing applications including intracellular detection, but its limitations include the usual sensitivity of Raman-based methods to interference from fluorescence and sample photodegradation. SEHRS, in which red or nearinfrared laser excitation produces Raman scattering in the near-uv to visible, has a number of potential advantages including less sensitivity to fluorescence, less sample photodamage, greater selectivity for the analyte of interest, better spatial resolution in imaging applications, and the ability to use a simpler detection system because of the large difference between the excitation and detection frequencies. The main disadvantage is the usual weakness of the effect. The goal of this research is to determine the extent to which this can be mitigated by combining the small focal volume of a Raman microscope with metallic nanoparticle surface enhancement of the incident and/or scattered electromagnetic fields from intrinsically hyper-Raman-active chromophores.


GGS CEPPAD SUPPLEMENT


PATHOGENESIS OF HIV ASSOCIATED HUS/TTP IN CHILDREN


Orthogonal split luciferases for imaging multiplexed cellular behaviors

PROJECT NARRATIVE Disease progression is characterized by a complex interplay of a variety of cell types in living organisms. The ability to "see" these interactions is crucial for understanding the causes and potential treatments of illness. We are developing bioluminescent proteins that will illuminate multiple cell types at the same time in the body of a mouse to study such interactions.


IMMUNE &BIOLOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR AIDS VACCINES


IMMORTALIZED CELL LINES AND NEURAL TRANSPLANTATION


Training Program in Immunology and Inflammation

Inflammation is a basic immunological mechanism that helps to protect the host from injury and infection under normal physiological conditions. Research conducted over the last 15 years has shown that chronic inflammation is a pervasive component in many human diseases, and yet the basic mechanisms underlying inflammatory processes and how they lead to disease remain largely unknown. The need to recruit and train a new generation of the brightest scientists to the study of immunology and inflammation will directly impact on our understanding of numerous diseases of public health import in which inflammation drives dysfunction of the immune system.


NARRATIVE Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a common finding in over 90% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, is characterized by the deposition of amyloid in the cerebrovascular compartment. This overlap between AD and vascular brain pathology in dementia has been difficult to separate, with AD and vascular dementia probably existing as a continuum of distinct but mechanistically related processes. The studies outlined in this proposal will allow us to dissect in detail the mechanism(s) by which CAA leads to cognitive decline and may identify novel therapeutic targets for CAA and AD.


RTI - 2008 - Infra-estrutura institucional para pesquisa - 2008 - da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto

Reserva técnica correspondente à parcela para custo de infraestrutura institucional para pesquisa 2008, a ser aplicada nas dependências da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, que tem por finalidade agregar aos docentes da unidade que desenvolvem pesquisas de observação direta de variáveis bio-comportamentais, psicológicas e sociais, de diferentes sujeitos e em diferentes situações/cenários. Dentre as dificuldades encontradas, as principais situam-se na captação, registro e manejo de dados e, posteriormente, sua análise e apresentação. Os métodos e equipamentos hoje disponíveis e empregados na unidade estão defasados mediante os avanços tecnológicos e potencialidades dos grupos de pesquisa. Resultados esperados pela aquisição dos programas: a contribuição para incrementar as pesquisas em desenvolvimento e estimular novos projetos de pesquisas com grande potencial científico de divulgação e publicação internacional. (AU)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Auxílio à Pesquisa - Reserva Técnica para Infraestrutura Institucional de Pesquisa

Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP)


新規高分子希土類錯体を用いる触媒活性加速効果の研究

1)まず架橋キレート樹脂に,パラジウムクラスターと希土類金属イオンを配位固定化して,希土類のパラジウムクラスター触媒活性への効果を検討した。30℃1気圧水素下で,アクリル酸の水素化反応を調べたところ,希土類イオンの共存は,アルミニウム(III)イオンと同等以上の触媒活性加速効果を持ち,特に不安定な4f電子を持つ,換言すれば4f電子数が0,7,14以外の希土類イオンで顕著な触媒活性加速効果を示した。2)直鎖状で水溶性のポリビニルピロリドンに保護されたパラジウムクラスターは,オレフィンの水素化触媒として高活性である。この系に,架橋キレート樹脂系で高い加速効果を示したネオジウムイオンを添加して,同様にアクリル酸の水素化を行ったところ,逆に触媒活性は低下した。パラジウム(II)イオンの還元によるパラジウムクラスターの調製の前にネオジウムイオンを加えても同様に低下した。3)ところが,ポリビニルビロリドンの代りにポリアクリル酸ナトリウムを用いて,少量のネオジウムイオンを添加後還元したパラジウムクラスターを触媒に用いると,ネオジウムイオンの共存しなかったものに比べ明らかに触媒活性加速効果を認めた。この結果は,クラスター粒子と希土類イオンの間の距離が加速効果の出現に重要であることを示唆する。

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas


古典計算との協調利用による誤り耐性量子計算機の利用方法の開拓

与えれた問題を、将来実現すると期待されている「誤り耐性量子計算機」と現在の方式の計算機のそれぞれが得意とする複数の部分問題に分解して、それぞれが得意な部分問題を解くことにより、効率的に全体の問題を解く計算プラットフォームを開発します。更に開発したプラットフォームを利用して、誤り耐性量子計算機と現在の方式の計算機を協調して利用することにより初めて有効となる利用方法を新たに開発することを目指します

戦略的な研究開発の推進/戦略的創造研究推進事業/CREST 量子・古典の異分野融合による共創型フロンティアの開拓


Guaranteed Component Assembly with Round Trip Analysis for Energy Efficient High-integrity Multi-core Systems

Emerging embedded systems platforms harnessing new heterogeneous, multicore architectures to enable the next generation of powerful mission-critical applications are demanding across-the-board advances in all areas of design and development to fulfil their promise. The integration of component-based design with model-driven development creates a potent combination especially capable of mastering the complexity of these new systems.

CONCERTO will deliver a reference multi-domain architectural framework for complex, highly concurrent, and multi-core systems, where non-functional properties (including real-time, dependability, and energy management) will be established for individual components, derived for the overall system at design time, and preserved by construction and monitoring at run-time.

The CONCERTO framework will integrate:
+ Correctness-by-construction for multicore systems with innovative model-to-code transformation techniques targeted at their special characteristics
+ A multi-view, hierarchical cross-domain design space sufficiently rich to enable a compositional approach to the next generation of complex, heterogeneous platform architectures.
+ Support for iterative and incremental development of multicore systems through simulation and early model-based analysis, with fully automated back propagation of results to the user model.
+ Hardware modeling facilities equipped to cope with the new generation of heterogeneous, multicore platforms.
+ Advances in run-time monitoring of mission- and operation-critical non-functional properties such as energy consumption on partitioned and multicore processor architectures.

The applicability of the CONCERTO solutions to multiple industrial domains (including aerospace, telecoms, automotive, petroleum and medical) will be ensured through the elaboration of representative industrial use cases. CONCERTO builds on the CHESS project (ARTEMIS-2008-1-100022) results, as well as the results of several other related projects.

Approved by ARTEMIS-JU on 05/04/2013.
Ammendment 1 approved by ECSEL-JU on 26/04/2016.


Ayl to Ras an-Naqb archaeological survey

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada


Erzeugung, Screening und Charakterisierung modifizierter Glycosyltransferasen

Keine Zusammenfassung vorhanden


Retombées d'un programme communautaire de soutien aux compétences parentales en matière de développement du langage de leur enfant: regards sur le parent, l'enfant et les interactions parent-enfant


Global Studies on Historical Formation of World Cultural Capital System

We organized two international symposiums focused on the magazine Presence Africaine : symposium held in 2017 at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (co-organized with the Center of Asia and African Studies) and symposium held at the University of  Strasbourg, in France (2019). We also invited a scholar from New Caledonia as a guest speaker in one of our research meetings. We could thus construct an international network on our research themes, A number of papers have been already published related to our project, and several publications are coming up soon in Japan as well as in France.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


THE ROLE OF AGRIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL NEURONS


Cardiomyocyte bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) in physiology and disease

Project Narrative Small molecule inhibitors of the BET (Bromodomain and ExtraTerminal domain) protein BRD4 block development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure in murine models. Our work suggests that specific isoforms of BRD4 play distinct roles in cardiomyocyte physiology and pathology. We have developed unique tools to directly assess the roles of these isoforms both in vitro and in vivo. Understanding these isoform-specific functions will be a major step toward precision targeting of this biology in disease therapy