As our population ages, concerns about cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases grow more pressing. These conditions not only affect individuals, but place significant strain on healthcare systems, families, and society as a whole.

Emerging research supports a strong relationship between diet, lifestyle, and healthy brain ageing, with a particular focus on the gut microbiome - the diverse community of microorganisms living in our gastrointestinal tract. With advancing age, our gut microbiome undergoes changes influenced by various factors, including diet and lifestyle. Unfortunately, these changes often lead to reduced resilience and increased susceptibility to health issues. Recent studies suggest that a healthy gut microbiome could hold the key to promoting cognitive health and longevity (1). Dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiome, including prebiotic fibre, therefore hold promise in delaying the onset, or slow the progression, of age-associated cognitive decline. Prebiotics provide essential nutrients for beneficial gut bacteria, promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that play a crucial role in maintaining gut health and reducing inflammation - an important aspect of healthy ageing (2).

Our project, BiomeBakery, aims to harness these scientific insights by developing an innovative prebiotic-fortified bakery product tailored to the needs and preferences of the ageing UK population. By partnering with leading food manufacturer Puratos, we aim to create a product that seamlessly integrates into individuals' daily routines, offering a familiar, convenient, and enjoyable sensory experience. With our partners, University of Reading and Thriva Health, we will then demonstrate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of our product. Specifically, we will assess if our bakery product, enriched with prebiotic fibre, can improve cognitive function, mood, and inflammation in older adults.

By focusing on preventive strategies in midlife and beyond, the BiomeBakery project aims to address the growing public health challenge of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond public health benefits, our project is poised to have broader impacts, including UK economic growth, cost savings to NHS and private healthcare systems, and environmental and social benefits. Our innovation sits at the intersection of three rapidly growing global markets - longevity and cognitive health, prebiotics, and functional food markets - and represents a revenue opportunity of £24 million within the first 12 months.

References:

[1][0]

[2][1]

[0]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46116-y#Sec17
[1]: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31123355/


Metromex:  Social Impacts of Inadvertent Weather            Modification:   a Comparative Study


ALTERING PHYSICIAN BEHAVIOR USING COMPUTER ORDER ENTRY


CODING AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR AMBULATORY CARE


COMT inhibition as a potential therapeutic target among individuals with comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

PROJECT NARRATIVE Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are frequently comorbid, and both disorders are characterized by impairments in cognitive control, a process regulated by dopamine signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Our preliminary data suggest that tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor that may increase cortical dopamine release elicited during situations requiring cognitive control, reduces drinking, particularly among individuals with more ADHD symptoms. This project aims to advance the development of COMT inhibitors for comorbid AUD and ADHD by using a within-subjects crossover design to test the effects of tolcapone, relative to placebo, on laboratory-based measures associated with AUD and ADHD symptoms and on drinking in the natural environment.


5-FLUOROURACIL AND ANTIESTROGENS IN BREAST CANCER


Role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE


Noninvasive Neural Stimulation Technology

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a debilitating motor disorder with limited treatment options and as the disease progresses it can require invasive surgical procedures to implant brain stimulation devices in patients' brains to treat the disease. Electrosonic Stimulation (ESStim") is a noninvasive neurostimulation method which improves upon current noninvasive technologies with superior focality, targeting control, and penetration, and for the first time offers the possibility of noninvasive deep brain stimulation (i.e. stimulatig deep brain structures without maximally stimulating the surface). This study analyzes stimulation treatments in PD patients, while exploring technology that can impact other neuropathologies that are currently underserved by present noninvasive options.


Development ofRF transceiver with small antenna

Along with explosive spread mobile phone, wireless LAN, and such as satellite broadcasting, the rapid development of broadband, the need for high-speed wireless data communication is growing rapidly. Asa problem in the wireless communication device, it is difficult to realize miniaturization of the passive device such as antenna and bandpass filter. Moreover, it is difficult to fabricate miniaturized on-chip impedance matching circuit. In order to solve these problems, miniaturized antenna and CMOS RF front-end chip with impedance matching circuit were designed and fabricated, and tested.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)


Auswirkungen von verschiedenen Maisanbausystemen und die Bedeutung von Feuchtgebieten auf die Populationsdynamik von Maisstängelbohrern und ihrer natürlichen Feinde in Kamerun

In dem Forschungsvorhaben sollen Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von verschiedenen Maisanbausystemen und einer verbesserten Bodenfruchtbarkeit auf die Populationsdynamik von Maisstengelbohrern und deren natürlichen Feinden in der Regenwaldzone Kameruns durchgeführt werden. Im Rahmen von Feldversuchen sollen Mais-Monokulturen mit Mischkulturen aus Mais und Leguminosen und Mais und Maniok verglichen werden, die räumlich als Reihen- und Streifensaat angelegt werden. Bei den Untersuchungen zur verbesserten Bodenfruchtbarkeit sollen schwerpunktmäßig der Effekt von Leguminosen-Bodenbedeckerpflanzen sowie der von unterschiedlichen N/K-Düngergaben auf den Maisertrag, den Befall durch Maisstengelbohrer und der Einfluss von Ei- und Larvenparasitoiden auf die Maisstengelbohrer untersucht werden. Mittels destruktiver und nicht-destruktiver Datenerhebungsverfahren sollen potentielle Einflüsse dieser Faktoren auf eine mögliche Reduktion der Stengelbohrerabundanz und eine gesteigerte Effizienz ihrer natürlichen Feinde in den unterschiedlichen Anbausystemen quantifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus soll die Bedeutung von Feuchtgebieten (Talböden oder "inland valleys") als Reservoir für Maisstengelbohrer und ihrer natürlichen Feinde in der Trockenzeit mittels Prospektionen und detaillierten Versuchen zur Migration der Schädlinge und Nützlinge in benachbarte Felder in der Regenwaldzone analysiert werden. Gesamtziel dieser Untersuchungen ist es, durch einen "habitat management"-Ansatz eine Abundanzreduktion bei Maisstengelbohrern zu bewirken.


COVID 19 Grant Extension Allocation NERC British Geological Survey

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council


THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE IS TO RETIRE MULTIPHASE TURBINE DESIGN RISKS THROUGH AN UNDERSTANDING OF MULTIPHASE TURBINE OPERATION, ENABLING IMPROVED TURBINE PERFORMANCE (FIVE POINTS EFFICIENCY) AND OPERABILITY RANGE (MULTIPHASE TURBINE EXIT CONDITIONS). OVER THREE BUDGET PERIODS (BP), THE PROJECT TEAM WILL DESIGN AN ADVANCED MULTIPHASE-TOLERANT SCO2 TURBINE (BP1), PROCURE, ASSEMBLE, AND COMMISSION THE TURBINE AND TEST FACILITY (BP2), AND VALIDATE ITS PERFORMANCE, RELIABILITY, AND OPERATING ENVELOPE THROUGH A DEMONSTRATION TEST (BP3). IN THIS WAY, IMPROVEMENTS AT THE COMPONENT LEVEL WILL ADVANCE THE PERFORMANCE AND OPERABILITY OF PUMPED THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE (PTES) SYSTEMS.

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT


DEVELOPMENT OF ORAL CANCER IN HAMSTER BUCCAL POUCHES


The small intestinal microbiota in undernourished women and undernourished children in Bangladesh: identifying causal mechanisms and therapeutic targets

PROJECT NARRATIVE Intergenerational malnutrition is a global health challenge; the contributions of the small intestinal microbiota remain enigmatic due to the difficulty in obtaining biospecimens from malnourished children living in resource- poor settings. We have combined gnotobiotic mouse models with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) of stunted Bangladeshi children who failed a nutritional intervention to provide evidence that small intestinal bacterial taxa are causally related to their small intestinal enteropathy. This proposal seeks to delineate mechanisms by which the small intestinal microbiota contributes to maternal/child malnutrition and identify therapeutic targets and candidate therapeutic leads.


CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PROTEIN ELONGATION FACTORS


Dissemination of scientific research as a source of contextualization and stimulus for learning concepts in basic education

This project aims to develop new teaching resources, particularly an escape room game and an interactive model for teaching about scientific research and sustainability. These teaching resources will focus on disseminating scientific research on sustainability conducted at public universities. The escape room is a puzzle game already used as a teaching resource in basic education. The interactive model is a device that allows experiments to be performed simply by pressing a button, thus avoiding direct contact with chemical reagents, for which a patent has been applied for. Both productions will consider elements of interactivity and inclusion as a strategy for teaching sustainability content in the basic education curriculum. The productions will be implemented in schools participating in the EducAção Group, a professional development group for basic education teachers established in the project to which this plan is linked. The fellows will also evaluate the contribution of teaching resources to the learning of scientific concepts and research on sustainability, using Gaston Bachelard as a theoretical framework, based on data collection instruments already produced and published in the literature. Scientific Initiation scholarship holders are expected to learn how to develop research in Education and contribute to improving Science teaching in basic education. (AU)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Química de São Carlos (IQSC)


Optimization & Pre-clinical Testing of Implantable, In-Line High Density 32-Channel Connector

Advanced peripheral neuroprostheses will require high-density (HD) interconnections that are enabled by our proposed research effort. These systems will contribute to the distribution of new clinical interventions for Veterans based on effective life enhancing technology to the veteran population, in whom lower extremity paralysis or weakness is common. Specifically, motor nerve dysfunction due to stroke or incomplete spinal cord injury can create debilitating conditions that affect a Veteran's ability to walk and engage in physical activity. HD stimulation and in-line connector technology for walking assistance has the potential to enhance functional independence by providing patients with a means to maneuver. Combat- related amputations have been steady, too, and new prosthetic technology for amputees can restore natural sensations in amputated limbs; our connectors help miniaturize such systems.

LOUIS STOKES CLEVELAND VA MEDICAL CENTER


Acquisition of field geophysical equipment for teaching and research at Cornell University

0732677
Pritchard

This grant supports acquisition of a suite of field geophysical equipment for the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Cornell University.  The lead PI is an early career investigator (Ph.D. 2003).  Equipment to be acquired includes: 1) a resistivity system; 2) a magnetometer; 3) a GPS total station; 4) 5 field hardened laptop PCs; and 5) a magnetic susceptibility system.   The equipment will support faculty and student research that relies on remote sensing of near subsurface stratigraphy for investigations spanning the fields of geoarchaeology, physical volcanology, and paleoclimatology.  A focus of the proposal is to reinvigorate the Cornell curriculum for geoscience and geophysics education through heavy reliance on student field training in exploration geophysical techniques.

***


Molecular Mechanisms of Arrhythmogenesis in Human Heart Failure

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will reveal new connections between sub-cellular changes in the failing human heart and the observed increased risk of sudden death arrhythmia. Characteristic molecular changes, previously studied in isolation, will be integrated in a whole human heart computational model where detailed mechanisms can be dissected and examined. New insights from this investigation will inspire development of hypotheses that can be tested experimentally for improved strategies to prevent sudden death in human heart failure.


Mechanisms of dysregulated immunity with aging

PROJECT NARRATIVE The elderly exhibit increased morbidity and mortality during influenza viral infections. Our proposal will examine whether the mechanism behind the increased mortality to viral infection with aging is due to dysregulated inflammation resolution. Specifically, we will determine if abnormal interactions between lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages lead to dysregulated inflammation and the subsequent increased mortality seen with influenza infection with aging.


Development of new synthetic methods for organofluorine compounds of biomedical interest

As our continuous studies on development of new synthetic methods for organofluorine compounds directed to the synthesis of fluoro analogs of biomedically interesting compounds, we have focused to develop efficient methods for stereoselective construction of fluorinated olefins, carbocyclic compounds and cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives during these three years with the financial support in part from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture. Our achievements in fluorine chemistry are summarized as follows. (1)Stereoselective construction of (Z)-fluoroolefin derivatives having an appropriate functional groups and substituents, which can be applied as dipeptide isosteres can be established. (2)We have developed carbocyclization reaction of terminally difluorinated alkenyl active methine compounds leading to fluorinated functionalized five membered carbocylic compounds. (3)A two step stereoselective synthesis of fluorocyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives was successfully established. Moreover, development of highly efficient synthetic methods for nonfluorinated organic compounds, which, due to their generality, could be applied to the preparation of fluorinated compounds in the future is also involved in our research project. These are radical [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of homoallyl active methine radical species and azahomoallyl radical species with various alkenes leading to the coresponding cyclic compounds, and zirconium mediated olefin-carbonyl coupling reaction of N-alkenylcarbamate derivatives for the preparation of amino acids and nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds.

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science


LINKING OF PROTEIN TYROSINE AND SERINE PHOSPHORYLATION


Crosscultural interactions between Christians and Muslims in Medieval Iberia: a study of Toledan Mudejar art

"Mudejar Art" is an artistic phenomenon discussed by Spanish Art Historians since 1859 as one of the intercultural negotiations of Christian art and Islamic art in the medieval Iberian Peninsula. However, the meaning of this label has been greatly fluctuating in response to changes in the social situation from the late 19th century to the 21st century. In this research, through analysis of major prior studies, I pointed out how "Mudejar art"’s perception and academic fortune are deeply tied to the changing ways of understanding Islam in modern Spain.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


A Study of the Criticism for Sishu Daquan (The Great Collection of Commentaries on Four Books) in the 17th century China: From the Point of View of the Socio-Intellectual History

In my report, The Publishing Situation of Zhang Zilie's Sishu Daquan Bian (The Criticism of the Great Collection of Commentaries on Four Books), while I explained that the political situation had a strong influence on its publish, I drew out companionship among literati, government officials and bookmakers in the 17th century China, analyzing a series of documents that appeared in the both Zhongzhen and Shunzhi editions of Sishu Daquan Bian. By the way there are six texts of Shunzhi edition of Sishu Daquan Bian. In the first chapter of my second report, Two Topics on the Commentaries on Four Books in the Early Qing Period, after I compared these texts, held in Miyagi Prefectural Library, Naikakubunko, Tokyo Metropolitan Central Library, Seikadobunko, Sonkeikakubunko and Housabunko, I presumed that one in Miyagi Prefectural Library can be the most reliable. In the second chapter, I introduced two commentaries on Four Books wrote at the early Qing dynasty, named Chongdaotang's Sishu Daquan and Zhuzi Sishu Quanyi. Zhang Tingyu and Zhu Xi, the compilers of the former, insisted the significance of self-awareness though accurate learning of Zhu Xi's Commentary on Four Books. Similarly, Yi, the compiler of the later one, made much of Zhu Xi's Sishu Huowen and aimed to unify his mind with the principle. These two commentaries can be considered as the book reflecting the intelectual tendency of the Kangxi period. Moreover, I made two lists; the documents list of the Shunzhi texts of Zhang Zilie's Sishu Daquan Bian and the basic data list of the Commentaries on Four Books in the Ming-Qing era.

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas


Regulation of rRNA transcription in Entamoeba histolyti*


新規の構造が厳密に制御されたパーフルオロアルキル基化ポリマーの精密合成と表面化学への応用

我々は,鎖末端に複数のパーフルオロアルキル基(Rf基)を有する一次構造の制御されたポリスチレンを合成し,それらのフィルム表面構造解析の結果より,Rf基の表面濃縮挙動がポリマー主鎖の分子量やRf基の導入位置,導入数に依存することを明らかにしてきた.本研究では,Rf基数をこれまでの2,4個から8,16,32個へと増加させ,Rf基の表面濃縮挙動について詳細に検討した.まず,我々が開発した手法により,鎖末端に2,4,8,16個のtert-ブチルジメチルシリロキシメチルフェニル(-PhCH_2OSiMe_2Bu^t)基を有する一次構造の明確なポリスチレンを合成した.-PhCH_2OSiMe_2Bu^t基は,Bu_4NFを用いることで容易に,ヒドロキシメチルフェニル(-PhCH_2OH)基へと変換される.さらに,-PhCH_2OH基とC_8F_<17>COC1との定量的な反応によって,目的とする鎖末端に2,4,8,16,32個の-PhCH_2OC(O)C_8F_<17>基を有する構造の明確なポリスチレンの合成を行った.いずれの場合も,得られた多官能基化ポリマーの収率は定量的であり,目的とする個数の官能基が定量的に導入され,狭い分子量分布と計算通りの分子量を有している.これらの結果は,本合成法が極めて優れた多官能基化ポリマーの合成法であることを示している.このようにして得られたC_8F_<17>基化ポリスチレンは,C_8F_<17>基の導入位置や個数が正確にわかっており,また分子量や分布が厳密に制御されているため,ポリマーの分子量や導入したC_8F_<17>基の位置や個数が,フィル表面近傍,数Åにどの程度のC_8F_<17>基が濃縮するのか,またフィルム最表面の高次構造形成に与える影響を明らかにするには最適のポリマーと考えられる.これらのポリマーフィルムの表面構造を検討するため,接触角,およびX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy測定行った結果,C_8F_<17>基化ポリマーよりキャストしたフィルムは,いずれもC_8F_<17>基の大きな表面濃縮能力による高撥水・撥油性が観察された.そしてC_8F_<17>基の濃縮度合いは,ポリマー鎖中に導入されたC_8F_<17>基の個数や位置によって大きく影響することと表面を完全に覆う導入個数が,初めて系統的かつ定量的に示された.


NEUROBEHAVIOR NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPATHOLOGY OF OPCA


DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS


Functional analysis of SBP2 and selenocysteine incorporation

The relevance of this project to public health lies in the importance of dietary selenium for the prevention of cancer, male infertility immune disorders, hypothyroidism and heart disease. As a trace element that is essential for life, it is critical to understand how selenium biology intersects with human health and disease.


Foundational Research Toward Constructing "Nursing Humanities" that Bridges General Education and Specialized Education

"This study aims to provide foundational material for the development of ‘Nursing Humanities,’ which bridges general education and nursing education in nursing universities. Specifically, I clarify the reasons why the term ‘Nursing Humanities’is not consistently used in nursing education: 1. In nursing education, emphasizing individual patient uniqueness is fundamental, and the need for value education is considered low. 2. Although the expression ‘Nursing Humanities’ is not commonly used, various forms of humanities education have already been implemented in nursing education. 3. The positioning of the humanities subject ‘Ethics’ in Japanese nursing universities varies, with some institutions categorizing it as a general education course, a nursing specialty course, or an integrated course."


LEARNING TO SLEEP: INCREASING HEALTH THROUGH BETTER SLEEP

Learning2Sleep is an online solution for helping people affected by insomnia and poor sleep. Bad sleep affects many people in the developed world. The stress of daily life and work affects sleep patterns, which in turn impacts work performance and quality of life. Given that pharmacological solutions such as sleeping pills are not effective and harbor many side effects and sleep therapy is very expensive, there are few avenues for people to seek help. Learning2Sleep is an online treatment developed by sleep experts versed in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. It helps people get better anytime and anywhere through a therapeutic program available on mobile devices and the web.


Role of wound provisional matrix in endothelial function


Studying HIV gp120 Glycosylation with Mass Spectrometry


IMPROVED DETECTION CAPABILITIES OF CD 9ZN 1TEFOR HIGH       RESOLUTION ROOM TEMPERATURE   RADIATION DETECTORS

OFFICE OF SCIENCE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM


TRAINING PROGRAM IN EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPATHOLOGY


DEVELOPMENT OF NEW RENAL FUNCTION IMAGING AGENTS


Analyse des facteurs de risque et de protection individuels et scolaires liés à l'anxiété de performance des élèves du secondaire

L’anxiété de performance est un problème d’adaptation vécu par une proportion importante d’élèves du secondaire fréquentant les écoles québécoises (Dumont et al., Plante et al., 2019). Ce type d’anxiété, qui ne constitue pas un diagnostic en soi, est lié à l’anticipation de l’échec lors de situations sociales ou d’évaluation et peut entraîner plusieurs bouleversements dans la vie des élèves. Sur le plan personnel, l’anxiété de performance peut entraîner un perfectionnisme inadapté (Dumont et al., 2009), des émotions négatives et des ruminations (Putwain et Symes, 2012), une baisse de l’estime de soi (Çirkrikci et al., 2019) et du sentiment d’auto-efficacité (Sari, 2015) ainsi qu’une satisfaction de la vie et un optimisme plus faibles (Çirkrikci et al., 2019). Elle peut également entraîner une diminution de la motivation (Huan et al., 2008), de la persévérance (Huberty, 2009) et des performances scolaires (Steinmayr et al., 2016; von der Embse et Witmer, 2014) et même amener au décrochage (Dumont et al., 2003). Or, les recherches dans ce domaine ont surtout porté sur les facteurs associés à l’élève, mais peu concernent ceux liés à l’école (von der Embse et Hasson, 2012). Pourtant, l’anxiété de performance serait plus importante dans certains contextes, comme dans les milieux compétitifs ou lors de regroupements d’élèves performants tels que dans les programmes pédagogiques particuliers (par exemple : programme d’éducation internationale (PEI), arts-études et sports-études) qui comptent de plus en plus d’élèves (Conseil supérieur de l’éducation [CSE], 2007). Les comparaisons entre les élèves, les attentes parfois plus élevées de la part des enseignants (Goetz et al., 2008) et le stress de ces derniers (Putwain et Best, 2012) peuvent expliquer en partie ce phénomène.

Cette étude à devis mixte séquentiel explicatif vise à mieux comprendre les facteurs de risque et de protection individuels (p. ex. : genre, niveau scolaire, rendement scolaire, etc.) et scolaires (p. ex. : types de programme, critères de sélection, etc.) associés à l’anxiété de performance chez les élèves du secondaire. L’objectif du volet 1 est d’examiner la contribution de variables individuelles et scolaires qui prédisent l’anxiété de performance des élèves au secondaire. L’objectif du volet 2 est de clarifier les facteurs de risque et de protection individuels et scolaires associés à l’anxiété de performance ainsi que leur influence réciproque en considérant des acteurs clés (élèves, parents, enseignants). Cette recherche contribuera au développement des connaissances sur l’anxiété de performance des élèves au secondaire. L’identification des différents facteurs influençant ce problème d’adaptation permettra de dépister plus facilement les élèves à risque ou présentant de l’anxiété de performance. Ce projet outillera aussi les acteurs scolaires, les élèves et les parents dans la prévention de l’anxiété de performance vécue au secondaire et permettra aux élèves concernés d’en assurer une meilleure gestion. Finalement, cette étude répond également à un besoin important soulevé dans le domaine de la recherche, soit celui de considérer les facteurs individuels, mais également les facteurs scolaires pouvant influencer la qualité du parcours scolaire des élèves.

Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières [UQTR]


L2M NSERC - A process for the removal of forever chemicals

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada


Surfactant-Assisted on-Acid Interfacial Polymerization of Porous Polymer Membranes for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration

The industrial processes used to manufacture fuels and chemicals often include many energy-intensive separation steps to recover valuable products from the output streams. Current estimates of the energy required to perform these industrial separations range from 10 to 15% of total domestic energy consumption. Replacing conventional separation technologies like distillation with membrane-based filtration processes will reduce industrial energy demand and improve the sustainability of fuel and chemical purification processes. However, relatively few membranes can withstand exposure to harsh organic solutions and high operating temperatures. Existing methods for fabricating polymeric membrane materials have limited ability to produce the types of chemical structures and materials properties needed for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) applications. This project will explore a novel strategy to fabricate robust polymer membranes that can be used to reduce the carbon footprint of some of today’s most important and challenging industrial processes, including separating mixtures of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and hydrocarbon fractionations. The project will provide opportunities to share the scientific concepts of membrane filtration with members of the College Station, TX, community through the university’s “Chemistry Open House” event. The investigator will also organize a four-day summer camp for regional high school students, where they will learn about the fundamental chemistry and physics of membrane materials.

The central project goal is to develop a new strategy to fabricate crosslinked polymer membranes on nonaqueous acid interfaces. This goal will be achieved by elucidating the fundamental mechanism of the surfactant-assisted on-acid interfacial polymerization (SAAIP) reaction, and by addressing the technical challenges associated with fabricating high-quality membranes on nonaqueous acid interfaces. The research plan is motivated by the hypothesis that self-assembled surfactants on an acid interface can promote interfacial polymerization by enhancing local monomer concentration near the interface via electrostatic interactions. This hypothesis will be tested over three research objectives: (1) elucidating the electrostatic interaction-centered mechanism of SAAIP by varying key factors such as acidity, surface tension, self-assembly, and electrostatic interaction; (2) tailoring the kinetics and autonomously optimizing the reaction conditions for SAAIP to access defect-free, ultrathin membranes possessing the desired properties for nanofiltration applications; and (3) demonstrating the SAAIP-enabled unconventional nanofiltration performance for BTEX separation and petroleum fractionation. Successfully developing this on-acid interfacial polymerization strategy will expand the available chemical space for interfacial membrane synthesis beyond the current state-of-the-art aqueous interfacial reactions. As a result, membrane materials with new functionalities, enhanced stability, and the precise molecular selectivity required for OSN will be made possible. This project is supported by the Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems’s Interfacial Engineering program and the Division of Materials Research’s Polymers program.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.


A study to establish the technical and economic feasibility of a mobile DNA and RNA testing tool, for use in general clinics and homecare.

As DNA testing is most commonly centralised in labs, it lacks the turnaround time for time-sensitive applications, and also lacks mobility. The experience in biology required to prepare samples and carry out testing obfuscate the process and limit point-of-care applications. Biomeme seeks to break down these barriers with their versatile Dx System, a holistic solution to bring DNA testing out of the labs and into the physician’s office. Thus, Biomeme provides Molecular Diagnostics for the on-demand economy. By simplifying the process of DNA testing, without sacrificing the detail to be found in raw data, the Biomeme solution brings molecular diagnostic into point-of-care medical services, making it available for homecare and other point-of-need uses.


Exploiting metabolic reprogramming to target IDH1 mutated cholangiocarcinoma

Project Narrative Cholangiocarcinoma is the biliary tract malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis and steadily rising incidences, which is largely owing to the paucity of knowledge on molecular mechanisms and lack of clinically- relevant models. Our work has established a novel genetically engineered mouse and a series of patient derived models of IDH1 mutated cholangiocarcinoma and leveraged these models in revealing specific metabolic reprogramming of nucleotide synthesis pathway and associated vulnerabilities, which points towards highly promising and impactful research directions in mechanistic and translational studies. Therefore, this proposal is highly relevant to public health by bridging the gap with unparalleled disease models, by providing novel insights in understanding and targeting IDH1 mutant cholangiocarcinoma and by building a foundation to leverage perturbations of nucleotide synthesis pathway to target cancer broadly.


V3 loop characterization by ultradeep sequencing during CCR5 antagonist therapy


Changes of facial actions in speaking and smiling by the dental treatment.

One of the purposes of dental treatments is achieving a well-balanced surroundings of lips. A position of anterior teeth is closely related to the movement of lips and the surroundings. For example,in case of subjects with maxillary teeth protrusion, strong tension of upper lip is necessary for closing even if it is loose in relax. Mandibular teeth protrusion is also different from normal and maxillary teeth protrusion subjects. However, it is quite difficult to determine the treatment results regarding facial expression. The first, we introduced a precise and efficient three-dimensional measurement system using two high speed cameras to analyze facial expression. Facial actions were analyzed by tracking 6 markers on the face. Results were as follows.'Chi'-smile was almost similar to natural smile which showed a characteristic patterns with some variations. On the other hand, forced smile showed different patterns from the other two smiles. Facial expression of smile is somewhat difficult without emotion. Therefore, it is considered that chi-smile in addition to natural smile can be used in studies of facial expressions.As the relationship between overjet of anterior teeth and a facial action by method of setting wax on anterior teeth of normal occlusion, the results suggested, that a position of anterior teeth strongly influenced the movement of lips and the surroundings.We also introduced a three dimensional display program of facial action. This visualizing system will contribute a communication tool between the dentists and patients.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


Genetics of Prion Susceptibility in vitro


Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomerase Function in Human Oral Epithelium


SERVICE DELIVERY TO ASIAN AMERICAN YOUTHS


Targeting mitochondrial one carbon folate metabolism for novel T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy

Project Narrative While cure rates for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved dramatically over the last several decades, ALL remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Enzymes of the mitochondrial one carbon folate pathway, specifically MTHFD2 and SHMT2, are highly expressed in T-ALL and are differentially expressed in cancer cells compared to normal cells. This proposal aims to understand the role of one carbon folate pathway in the T-ALL pathogenesis, and to develop a novel way to treat T-ALL by blocking the activity of MTHFD2 and SHMT2 with small molecule inhibitors.


STRUCTURE &BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF YEAST CASEIN KINASE 1


Feasibility study of fluorescence-guided surgery using 5-aminolevulinic acid in head and neck cancer.

Fluorescence imaging using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was performed in one case with hypopharyngeal cancer and 2 cases with tongue cancer with ultrasensitive digital camera mounted tailor-made LED light source, though, the imaging did not detect significant signal. Because tumor differentiation presumably affected the unfavorable results, the case with poor differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) came to prospective objective. However, there was no candidate meeting conditions.Thus, the fluorescence imaging using ALA might be unpractical at least in the case with differentiated SCC which fills majority of head and neck cancer.


Tools to Carve out Conformal Field Theories

Recently a number of research efforts have been dedicated to the conformal bootstrap. The basic principle is that conformal symmetry and quantum mechanics should suffice to fix uniquely the dynamics of Conformal Field Theories (CFTs), which lie at the fixed points of the renormalisation group flow. This has led to ground-breaking results, such as the unprecedented determination of scaling dimensions in non-trivial CFTs including the celebrated Ising model in 3d. Thus far these endeavours have focused only on the simplest examples of correlation functions with low-spin operators or to supersymmetric CFTs.

The project aims at advancing the goals of the CFT bootstrap further, by developing a combination of theoretical and numerical tools to systematically apply the bootstrap to correlation functions of higher-spin operators. The long term goal of TcCFT is to apply these tools to carve out the space of non-supersymmetric CFTs. Its short term objectives of developing effective techniques to manage higher-spin operators are of interest also in a broader context, for such operators are ubiquitous in any CFT.

This proposal combines my expertise on higher-spin methods with world leading experts in the bootstrap program, and a secondment which will allow me to refine my programming skills needed for the computational parts of the project. The outcomes of the project will be critical in achieving a greater understanding of the landscape of quantum field theories, and with it allow me to proceed to the next step of my career and obtain a tenure track position in Italy.


MECHANISM OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE-INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY


EFFECTS OF PRENATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON BRAIN N-ACHR


Bile Acid and Estrogen Receptors in Colon Cancer


遺伝性痙性対麻痺と紀伊筋萎縮性側索硬化症・パーキンソン認知症複合の遺伝子解析研究

遺伝性痙性対麻痺:に関しては、SPG12に関する国際共同研究に参画し、遺伝子同定に寄与することができた(Montenegro G,Ishiura H,et al,J Clin Invest 2012)。また、リソース収集を進め、引き続き遺伝性痙性対麻痺の分子病態の解明を進める予定である。紀伊筋萎縮性側索硬化症・パーキンソン認知症複合(ALS/PDC)に関しては、紀伊半島の最南端のALS3症例においてC90RF72内の6塩基反復配列の伸長を認め、9番染色体に連鎖する筋萎縮性側索硬化症であることが判明した。本地域における9番染色体に連鎖する筋萎縮性側索硬化症の頻度は、本邦の他の地域(Majounie E,Ishiura H et al. 2012)に比較して有意に頻度が高いことを見出し、紀伊半島におけるALSの高罹病率を部分的に説明できると考えられた(Ishiura H,et al.Archives of Neurology in press)。その他、紀伊半島最南端地域においてはOPTNのヘテロ接合性新規アミノ酸置換を持つALS症例も見出したが、他のALS症例においては観察されず、病原性については検討の余地が残った(Naruse H,Ishiura H,et al.Amyotroph Lateral Scler in press)。パーキンソン認知症複合(PDC)に関しては、本研究では遺伝子同定には至らず、今後の研究が必要であると考えられた。


Crosstalk von Sphingolipiden, Prostanoiden und Endocannabinoiden bei der Nozizeption

Im Hinterhorn des Rückenmarks werden aus der Peripherie kommende nozizeptive Reize auf zentrale Neurose umgeschaltet. Sphingosin 1-Phosphat (S1P) ist ein potentieller Modulator dieser spinalen nozizeptiven Transmission. Wir konnten zeigen, dass S1P im Liquor von Versuchstieren nachweisbar ist und alle fünf bekannten S1P-Rezeptoren in Rückenmarksneurosen exprimiert werden. Periphere nozizeptive Stimulation führte zu einer Reduktion der S1P Konzentration im Liquor. Auf der anderen Seite wirken intrahekal appliziertes S1P aber auch der S1P-Rezeptoragonist FTY720 sowohl im Formalin Test als auch in neuropathischen Schmerzmodellen sehr gut antinozizeptiv. Da die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen der S1P vermittelten spinalen Antinozizeption unbekannt sind, sollen zunächst der Zeitverlauf der spinalen S1P-Freisetzung nach peripherer nozizeptiver Stimulation und die Expression, Lokalisation und Expressionsregulation der Enzyme, die die S1P Konzentration unmittelbar regulieren (Sphingosinkinasen, S1P-Phosphatasen, S1P-Lyase) untersucht werden. Um die spezifischen S1P Rezeptoren, die die antinozizeptive Wirkung von S1P vermittelten, zu charakterisieren, werden sowohl selektive Agonisten, Antagonisten als auch siRNA gegen die verschiedenen S1P Rezeptoren in Tiermodellen zum Einsatz kommen. Schließlich ist geplant, die Mechanismen der intrazellulären Signaltransduktion der S1P Wirkung im Rückenmark mit molekularbiologischen und pharmakologischen Methoden zu analysieren.


Body Composition & REE Responses to Bariatric Surgeries

This competing renewal will contribute to scientific knowledge by determining whether post-bariatric surgery patients' body compartments stabilize or continue to change in the presence of weight stability or weight regain at 60 to 84 months post-surgery, and whether body compartments and REE at each timepoint are similar to non-surgery, weight stable matched archived controls. If specific body compartments are found to be in a continuing state of flux at T60 and/or T84, (e.g., ongoing losses of SM and bone; potentially increasing ectopic fat depots; and a lower REE relative to FFM with weight regain), this would have important implications for how post-bariatric surgery patients should be treated. At present, there is a dearth of evidence-based advice relating to long-term post-surgery treatment.


The Historical Transition of Representations of Poor Whites and Black Slaves in the modern American Literature

本研究は、南北戦争以前と以後のアメリカ文学における貧乏白人と黒人の表象の変遷を辿る。本研究で取り上げる作家たちは、人種問題を扱う際に黒人だけでなく、貧乏白人の登場人物を必ず取り上げているのは見過ごせない。作家たちが貧乏白人と黒人(奴隷)の関係に対する関心をいかに拡大深化させていったのか、その変遷を辿り、社会的不平等や差別に対する各作家の問題意識を検討する。

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

Tokyo Metropolitan University(2021-2024)Daito Bunka University(2020)


Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effects of AEOL10150 against Chemical Threat Agents

Chemical warfare agents are an immense threat to both the civilian population and military personnel and there is an urgent need for rapid development of medical countermeasures against chemical warfare agents. In particular, there is a dire need for neuroprotective therapies to counteract the central nervous system effects of chemical warfare agents. The goal of this project is to determine if catalytic antioxidant compound is a neuroprotective medical countermeasure against a class of chemical threat agents.


Combination FGFR4 and ER-Targeted Therapy for Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Project Narrative The goal of this research is to identify why endocrine therapy has lasting benefits for only a subset of women with breast cancer. The proposed studies include RNA-Sequencing to understand how molecular changes impact survival outcomes. Results of this and future research will complement findings from ongoing clinical trials to identify the best combination of targeted therapy for each individual with breast cancer.


Genetic Epidemiology of Telomere Maintenance and Cancer Etiology


Gordon Research Conference on Chronobiology, Swabian        Conference Center, Irsee, Germany, September 29-October 4,  1991

There are several excellent model systems for the study and                     understanding of basic chronobiological mechanisms.  These include              mammals and other vertebrates as well as a number of invertebrates,             higher plants and unicellular forms.  There is a growing                        recognition that an understanding of temporal aspects of biological             organization and regulation is crucial to the resolution of                     important questions in biology.  Basic research in these areas will             be covered by the conference, bringing together researchers in                  fields ranging from the molecular and genetic, physiological and                ecological to psychological and medical.  The common thread will be             an understanding of the fundamental cellular biochemical nature of              the circadian oscillator, its organization and localization in both             unicellular and multicellular organisms and the way it regulates                the many different functions known to be under circadian control.               The open and free exchange of knowledge and ideas that                          characterizes these conferences fosters the development of new                  concepts and new approaches.     //


Restoring cognition by optogenetically rescuing gamma rhythms in PFC interneurons

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide, causing distress for patients and their families, and in many cases, life-long disability. Cognitive deficits are the major cause of disability in schizophrenia, and are largely refractory to current treatments. Here we propose to study how alterations in interneuron-generated gamma oscillations within the prefrontal cortex may contribute to cognitive deficits, and how enhancing these oscillations might improve the cognitive deficits that are associated with schizophrenia and related disorders.


デジタルコンテンツを活用した1年生地学分野の学習指導法の研究

Principal Investigator：尾畠 義弘, Project Period (FY)：2016, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Scientists, Research Field：教科教育学Ⅱ(理科系)B

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


CORE--COMMUNITY OUTREACH AND EDUCATION PROGRAM (COEP)


Molecular dissection of glia-neuron interactions

PROJECT NARRATIVE The human brain has approximately equal numbers of glia cells and neurons, and interactions between these cells are essential for all nervous system functions. Impaired glia-neuron interactions underlie many neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Autism, epilepsy and may contribute to age-related neural decline. To understand glial contribution to nervous system health, aging and disease, we will dissect glia-neuron interactions with exquisite speed and molecular resolution in vivo by using a powerful genetic model we recently established.


RUI: Regulation of Xenobiotic Sulfotransferases

9905421
Beckmann
Diverse sulfotransferases (STs) sulfurylate acceptor substrates using the donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5' phosphosulfate (PAPS).  This project investigates the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of STs preferring
phenolic substrates (PSTs).  First,  the regulation of purified recombinant bovine PST by CoA and its thioesters is characterized by steady state kinetic measurements, affinity absorption, and fluorescence quenching. Second,  the structures of CoA molecules and ST-bound PAP are compared using workstation energy  minimization studies.   Docking software models the interactions of CoAs with the active site of a reported ST structure.  Third, PST thiol reactivity toward CoA and its thioesters tests the existence of a chemical covalent  mechanism. The fourth aim investigates PST subunit  interactions through characterization of purified tryptophan replacement mutant enzymes, by kinetic and physical methods such as fluorescence quenching.  Fifth, a currently unidentified fluorophore observed prior to catalysis when PST
binds 7-hydroxycoumarin will be examined.  Enhancement of this band by 280 nm excitation suggests resonant energy transfer  from tryptophan(s) to the ligand.   The group(s) involved will be determined using the PST mutants. In summary, this project investigates ST regulation by a ubiquitous factor of intermediary metabolism, and it explores changes in the protein and substrate that contribute to ST catalysis.

Metabolism of some steroids, neurotransmitters, other hormones, drugs, and pollutants frequently involves a family of enzymes known as sulfotransferases (STs).   In this project, the investigators examine the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of a subclass of STs.  One novel observation is the inhibition of an ST by a common biochemical, CoA, derived from the vitamin pantotheine.  CoA normally  functions as a carrier of fatty acids;  therefore, this investigation may connect metabolism and diet.  Molecular computational approaches will model the CoA-ST interaction.  The investigators will also create mutant ST enzymes, using recombinant DNA technology, to study aspects of ST mechanisms.


NCAR and partners in the State of Wyoming propose to build and operate a new supercomputing facility in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center (NWSC) will house massively parallel petascale computers and mass data storage archives that will enable researchers in the geosciences to achieve dramatic increases in the resolution of Earth System Science models, improve the representations of modeled physical processes, run model simulations covering longer periods of time and produce better statistics. Regional climate simulations with nested grids at meteorological resolutions will become feasible, enabling scientists to investigate the connection between climate and hurricane frequency and strength, study the localized effects of regional climate change on agriculture and water supplies, and investigate numerous other computationally demanding Earth System processes.

The proposed facility will have the power, space, and cooling capacity to support a 1.0 to 1.5 petaflops peak system with an expected data production rate of 23-35 petabytes per year by 2012. This will provide a 15- to 20-fold increase over computing resources currently available to the community at NCAR. This system will be integrated with the cyberinfrastructure (CI) of NSF's TeraGrid eXtreme Digital (XD), the Track-1 'Blue Waters' system, and the DataNet program. The facility will be well connected to computing facilities operated by other Federal agencies such as DOE, NOAA, and NASA as well as high-performance computing systems located at colleges and universities. The NWSC will be a showcase of sustainable design and construction, and will be a world-leader in energy-efficient cyberinfrastructure.

Broader impacts of the proposed work include the deployment of high-performance CI within the NWSC that will enable researchers to perform high-resolution simulations of weather phenomena, global and regional climate, coastal oceans, sunspots, subsurface flow, and more. Earth System research and education will be transformed by the NWSC, as the next generation of Earth science researchers and computational scientists will be attracted by the importance of the problem and the scale of the facilities available to them. Current and planned education, outreach, and training programs built around the facility will help to broaden the impact of the NWSC project on both regional and national scales. Integration of the NWSC with other NSF high-performance CI will provide important linkages with other resource providers and will directly support NSF's vision of a transformative national petascale cyberinfrastructure for science and engineering. Finally, the NWSC has the potential to contribute to economic development in the State of Wyoming in the form of well-paying jobs, workforce training opportunities, and in the transformation of the state into a destination of choice for other high-technology enterprises. Through the facility partnership with Wyoming, these benefits can be extended to other EPSCoR states as well.

National Center For Atmospheric Research


政治意識構造の変質と調査研究方法の転換

Principal Investigator：松本 正生, Project Period (FY)：1992, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：Politics


Formation by forced hydrolysis of collodal particles of hydrous iron oxide.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Araraquara. Instituto de Química (IQ)


Androgen Effects and Insulin Resistance in HIV Disease


Polyploidy, aneuploidy, and genome stability

PROJECT NARRATIVE Cancer genomes are shaped by mutation and chromosome rearrangement. Understanding mutational processes has led to new understanding of how cancer develops as well as to the development of new cancer therapies. Building on preliminary work, we now propose to elucidate a newly discovered mutational process in cancer called chromothripsis.


Norlase is a spin-out company set up to develop and commercialize a new class of compact, stable, low-noise visible lasers in the 1-20 W output power range – tapered diode doubled lasers (TDDL). TDDL is a method of converting infra-red light emitted by diode lasers into visible light which overcomes current laser technologies limitations by delivering better performance with far more efficient tapered diodes. A key advantage is the wavelength selectivity range; in particular, TDDL can offer wavelengths in the green-yellow region at high power and diffraction-limited output beam. This is especially interesting for medical applications, namely in the field of ophthalmology, where current technologies cannot offer the preferred wavelengths (561 and 577 nm) from a therapeutic stand point.

While Norlase is currently on track in the development and maturation of yellow (560-600 nm) lasers for medical treatments, the addition of micro-pulsing capabilities to our product would grant the possibility to modulate the laser light intensity, i.e. for lasers to be used in photocoagulation applications the collateral damage through excessive heating will be avoided. Leveraging on the opportunity provided by the SME IA we aim to recruit a physicist - with skills within semiconductor physics, devices, and photonic systems - to develop stable, micro-second pulsing of Norlase's proprietary semi-conductor diode based laser.

The successful implementation of the MILAS project will not only strengthen Norlase technology´s value proposition towards the medical segment but it will also grant the recruited IA with unique competences in one of the most promising application areas of high-power semiconductor diodes. This together with a first-hand experience in a fast-growing start-up such as Norlase will significantly increase the IA’s employability in both academic and industrial organizations.


形状記憶合金をアクチュエーターとする産業用ロボットの開発研究

Principal Investigator：本間 大, Project Period (FY)：1983, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：機械力学・制御工学


Pharmacological Mechanistic Insights into Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Project Narrative Marfan syndrome is a genetic condition that causes thoracic aortic aneurysm, a life-threatening dilation of the largest blood vessel in the body. This research project will examine how statin medicines prevent thoracic aortic aneurysm growth and whether they add benefit to the medicines currently used to treat thoracic aortic aneurysm in Marfan syndrome.


The Effect of Estrogen Deficiencies on Vision Loss in Glaucoma

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and estrogen deficiencies have recently been linked to the development of this disease. We will investigate how an estrogen deficiency alters ocular biomechanical properties. Next, we will examine how an estrogen deficiency affects the progression of visual loss in experimental glaucoma, and if estrogen therapy is protective in both female and male rats. This treatment could compliment current glaucoma treatments to help slow the progression of vision loss in glaucoma. If successful in rats, we would be motivated to examine estrogen treatment in a clinical trial to help preserve visual function in veterans with glaucoma. Lastly, we will investigate how menopause influences inflammatory mediators and protease expression and whether inhibiting these pathways after menopause preserves ocular biomechanical properties.


A myosin-like protein and GTPase required for gliding


Development of a next-generation projection mapping system that is photo-realistic from every angle

本研究は、誰でも簡便に使える「360度どの角度から見ても、フォトリアルな次世代プロジェクションマッピングシステム」を開発することである。FPGAボードと画像処理技術を組み合わることで、制作者に工学的な専門知識が無くても、投影が困難な自由曲面のある立体物に、正確に形状を合わせたプロジェクションマッピングを高画質で簡便に行うことができる。また、複数台のプロジェクタから投影した映像が重なると生じる照度や色の変化を自動的に計算して補正し、立体物の周囲のどの角度から見ても、実物のようにリアルな質感に見える投影システムを構築する。

Nippon Institute of Technology(2023)J. F. Oberlin University(2020-2022)


Circuit and behavioural functions of adult hippocampal neurogenesis


Magnesium in muscle fibre types - myofibrillar contraction


IMPACT OF MANAGED CARE ON AFRICAN-AMERICANS


Characterizing HIV-1 diversity, evolution, and integration sites in children initiating cART in early infection

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We will conduct a novel study of HIV-1 population genetics and host integration sites in children treated early after infection with antiretroviral therapy; ad, for the first time, assess the kinetics of CD4+ cells that harbor a specific proviral integration. e will also link proviral integration sites in CD4+ cells to virus circulating in the plasma to improe the understanding of the origin of persistently expressed HIV-1 despite antiretroviral therapy. By fully characterizing the genetics of persistent HIV-1 populations in early treated children, this study is likely to inform the path forward for vaccination and other immunologic approaches to achieve sustained HIV remission in the absence of continuous antiretroviral therapy.


Enhancing innovation management capacity of SMEs in Republic of Srpska

This action relates to Horizon 2020 topic Innovation in SMEs under Other actions (Specific activities in the context of innovation support (H2020), in particularly the component: “Enhancing the innovation management capacity of SMEs” in the Enterprise Europe Network.
The main aim of the project is:
Enhanced growth and profitability of 16 SMEs in RS through provision of specialized innovation support services by EUNORS Network partners.
Specific objectives:
- Enhanced innovation management capacity of 15 companies within 12 months in Republic of Srpska.
- Provide key account management support for 1 successful applicants of SME Instrument

As identified by both COSME and Horizon programs, in Europe, and more specifically geographic area covered by EUNORS, SMEs face a number of internal and external constraints, particularly “lack of financial resources” and “inability to manage innovation processes efficiently and effectively”.  To tackle these constraints, EUNROS will focus on providing customized EIMC expert support to SMEs in our target area, to a predefined number of beneficiaries with high potential for growth and internationalization.
Additionally, EUNORS will work with SMEs in order to support them in the process of applying for SME Instrument (under H2020 Programme).
Minimum number of service packages will be 16, from which 15 Enhancing innovation management capacity (EIMC) and 1 Key Account Management (KAM) package for beneficiaries of SME Instrument, FTI and FET-OPEN during 2019.


The Sustainability of Democracy: The Experience of Latin    America, 1945-1994

9511509  Remmer    By focusing upon the relationship between institutional  arrangements and regime sustainability, this project is designed  to bridge the gap separating older macrosocial understanding of  political democracy from more contemporary work stressing  indeterminacy, conjunctural conditions, and contingent choice.   This study reevaluates the conventional wisdom concerning the  dependence of democratic stability upon economic performance and  test a theoretical alternative that takes into account the  differential strengths and weaknesses of political democracy and  authoritarianism as well as institutional variations among  democratic regimes.  The overarching conception is that  institutions matter as contextual determinants of behavior  mediating between systemic and structural forces, on the one  hand, and individual political actors on the other.    The project involves three major components.  First the research  entails the development and analysis of a data base on political  institutions, electoral outcomes, and economic performance in  Latin America for the period 1945-1994, which will be shared with  other interested researchers.  Second, the study elaborates and  tests a set of cross-sectional regression models linking regime  durability with three major sets of variables:  international  political context, domestic economic performance, and political  institutions.  The models will address outstanding questions  regarding the relative fragility of authoritarian and democratic  political orders and establish a basis for estimating the  relative contribution of economic and institutional forces to the  sustainability of political democracy.  Third, the research  utilizes survival analysis to explore the ways in which  fluctuation in international conditions, economic performance,  and changes in the rules of the political game over the lifetimes  of individual regimes have shaped the risk of regime breakdown.    The results of this research address the long-standing  theo retical debate over the breakdown and consolidation of  political democracy as well as issues of relevance to the policy  community concerned with the contemporary political dynamics of  Eastern Europe and Latin America.  ***


Mammalian L1 retrotransposons as genetic characters

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES


INDUCED RESISTANCE TO IN VITRO HIV CHALLENGE


An Diverse Expansion in Municipal Solid Waste Enterprises and Development of Evaluation Method

In the field of municipal solid waste management in Japan, we aimed a fundamental goal to publish a book about a serious examination of diverse expansion in municipal solid waste enterprises on collaboration between public and private sectors and municipal waste management with the benchmarking method.We made an hearing investigation in Germany On March 2009, we consider an important of re-examination on the viewpoint of comparison between Japan and Germany. We flatter ourselves that we have described the fundamental blueprint about the local management and administration of municipal solid waste in Japan as we reconfirm a viewpoint of an international comparison. Further we will be newly scheduled to arrange PPP investigation in Japan aside Germany and hold the meeting with German research worker.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Clinical Trial Simulation to optimize HIV Prevention in Pregnancy and Postpartum

NARRATIVE Despite the importance of HIV prevention in pregnancy, pregnant women have been excluded from the clinical trials that established the efficacy of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral emtricitabine in fixed dose combination with either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) or tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (F/TAF). With F/TDF, both tenofovir and emtricitabine concentrations are lower in the blood during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and may be too low to protect against HIV; less is known about F/TAF in pregnancy. We are proposing modeling and clinical trial simulation using existing data sets of F/TDF and F/TAF to evaluate the dosing of both PrEP drugs in pregnancy.


Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 in endocrine development and tumorigenesis

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins that have a major role in the regulation of growth and development as well as abnormal cell proliferation in cancer. They mediate signalling information through a family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) known as FGF receptors (FGFRs). FGFR1,2,and 3 have been shown to be altered in some human cancers. In contrast, FGFR4 has been implicated as the mediator of membrane ruffling in breast carcinoma cells, a phenomenon of importance in cell motility and differentiation, however, other than the presence of increased FGFR4 mRNA levels in breast and ovarian cancer cells, little was known about FGFR4 in human cancer. We have identified variants of FGFR4 that are differentially expressed in normal and cancerous tissues. One isoform acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of FGFR4 signalling; we have identified this isoform in breat cancer. Another C-terminally truncated isoform lacks a signal peptide and therefore resides in the cytoplasm instead of the usual location on the cell membrane; it is consitutively activated and transforms cells to the malignant phenotype in vitro and in vivo; we have recently shown that it causes tumors in genetically engineered mice. More importantly, the appearance of these tumors more closely mimics human pituitary tumors. More recently, overexpression of FGFR4 has also been identified as very important prognostic indicator for childhood sarcomas and we are examining the basis for this occurence. In this project, we will examine the molecular mechanisms by which these altered forms of FGFR4 function. We will use both primary human tumors and experimental rodent models to study how FGFR4 isoforms function. These studies will shed light on how and why hormone-producing cancers differ from other human malignancies.


The specialized role of Hsp70 in protein import


Effective aspects of women's involvement in global polio eradication

Not Applicable

Master's Award: Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarships


36 MOTNH GRANT ENTITLED  BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS WITH RESULTS:INTERSTATE OIL AND GAS COMPACTCOMMISSION MULTI-STATE FUNDINGREQUEST


軟弱地盤上構造物の上・下部構造一体設計に関する研究

本研究の目的は,軟弱地盤上に建設される構造物の沈下に対する最適設計案探索手順の構築である。最適化の基本的考え方は,沈下抑制の効果を必ずしも基礎(下部構造)のみに負担させるのではなく,上部構造の剛性を増加させるなどして上部構造にも負担させる。分担の度合いは,例えば上部構造と下部構造を合せた構造物全体の建設費が最小となるように決定する。すなわち,構造物を上部構造と下部構造から成る一体システムと考え,システムにとって最適な上・下部構造設計案の組み合わせを探索する。研究目的達成のための重要な技術課題に,最適設計探索のアルゴリズムの構築と不同沈下予測法の開発の2つがある。前者の課題については上部構造と下部構造の設計空間を一体化し,一体システムに対して作成された制約条件や評価関数に基づいて最適案を選択する。後者の課題については,地盤に弾・粘塑性構成式を組み込んだ有限要素法を適用し,軟弱地盤上の盛土や構造物の施工の履歴も考慮して変形を解析し,構造物の不同沈下を算定する。沈下が実測されている神戸六甲アイランドのある既設構造物に適用したところ、予測値と実測値が概ね一致したので,予測法は十分な精度を有していると考えられる。さらに,最適決定手順を上下部構造間のバランスがとれていると判断される同じ既設構造物の計算モデルに適用したところ,最適計算値と既設構造物で採用された実施設計値が概ね一致した。決定手順は有効であると判断できる。なお,本手順を用いて最適と判断された神戸六甲アイランドの既設構造物は,平成7年1月の兵庫県南部地震によっても上部構造物にほとんど被害が生じなかった。上下部構造間の剛性のバランスを考えた設計は耐震的にも有効であると推測される。そこで,上・下部構造一体設計を地震荷重に対しても適用できるように拡張を計画している。

Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)


An Integrative and Collaborative Genomic Data Analysis Service with Galaxy

Project Narrative The popular Galaxy application ( https://galaxyproject.org/ ) is uniquely positioned to address the continuously evolving biomedical data analysis needs because it integrates and provides ready-access to thousands of best-of-breed analysis tools and data types. However, the software and compute resources available to the Galaxy application require an elaborate setup and must be responsive to the specific user requirements. The goal of this project is to offer a managed, accessible, cloud-based instance of the Galaxy application that can be readily installed and managed to meet the needs of data analysis groups.


SPATIAL CONNECTOMICS TO IDENTIFY AGENTS RELEVANT TO LIGNOCELLULOSE DECONSTRUCTION IN FUNGI


COLD AND DENSE QUARK MATTER IN MAGNETIC FIELDS


Nanotheranostics for Early Colorectal Cancer Detection and Treatment

To reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer, early in situ methods of detection/monitoring and prevention/eradication of colorectal adenomatous polyps and their precursors are urgently needed, prior to polyp malignancy transformation (M-T). Unfortunately the most effective drugs at inhibiting adenomatous polyp formation and growth - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - are poorly targeted and limited by dose-dependent adverse GI/cardiac/hepatic sequelae. In this work we develop and evaluate novel, orally administered, polyp-targeting nanoplatforms that serve both as contrast agents and traceable drug delivery platforms, to provide a means for the prevention, detection, staging, and non-surgical eradication of adenomatous polyps prior to their M-T.


VERY LOW NOISE FIGURE, HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE HETERODYNE RF LIGHTWAVE LINKS USING A SIMPLE, VERSATILE PHOTONIC INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY


Tensile behaviour of semisolid alloys near solidus

No summary - Aucun sommaire

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada


Engaging Latinx Youth in Understanding the Science of Climate Change by Developing Digital Narratives and Games

The project will engage LatinX middle and high school youth in developing technology-rich, interactive digital media, games, and narratives about climate science. In creating digital stories, youth will blend real-world scenarios with their ideas and decision-making processes to solve climate-related problems. This immersive experience will help the underserved population of LatinX youth build robust knowledge of climate science and support their identities to serve as community science experts. While creating digital narratives and preparing for community events, the youth will interact with STEM role models in climate science and information communication technologies. Such interaction can support their exploration of STEM pathways and develop a deeper interest in STEM careers.

This project is designed as a participatory research-practice project (RPP) which centers equity in its design and implementation. This will be done by 1) investigating questions of common interest to researchers, practitioners, and learners; 2) activating the talents of all groups to co-create and test innovative learning experiences; and 3) drawing on the experience and strengths of all groups to generate knowledge, share findings, and determine next steps. By using the methods of surveys, personal meaning maps, and focus groups with participating youth, the research will focus on investigating outcomes related to increasing environmental science knowledge and improving STEM career aspirations among Latinx teens. The study will utilize both quantitative (Wilcoxon signed-rank tests) and qualitative analysis (a priori and inductive coding). This project is funded by the Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) program, which supports projects that build understandings of practices, program elements, contexts and processes contributing to increasing students' knowledge and interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and information and communication technology (ICT) careers.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.


No summary - Aucun sommaire


NSERC/LANXESS Industrial Research Chair in Advanced Rubber Technology

No summary - Aucun sommaire


Role of Vitamin D in cutaneous DNA repair

Active military service members are exposed to lots of sun, often have poor access to sun protection, and frequently have sunburns during deployment. Thus, they have high rates of skin cancer as Veterans subsequently in life, typically years following active duty. Recent studies have suggested that skin cancer will continue to be a significant health burden for Veterans and VA in the foreseeable future. Vitamin D deficiency is also highly prevalent in the Veterans. This project seeks to understand how the vitamin D signaling pathway may prevent skin cancers. It will provide a rational basis for guiding future health policy in both VA and DOD on appropriate dietary guidelines and sun protective behavior in Veterans. This project's findings may also suggest strategies to pharmacologically prevent the most common skin cancers and for non-surgically treating them once they occur that may be eventually tested in clinical trials.


PTSD, Sleep-Disordered Breathing and APOE Genotype: Effects on Cognition

A significant number of veterans either suffer from PTSD currently or have suffered from PTSD at some time during their post-war life. We argue that as the population of veterans with PTSD ages, they are at higher risk for cognitive decline and dementia. We emphasize that most veterans are male and that as many as 29% of adult males have some degree of SDB (Young et al., 1993). Furthermore, emerging evidence indicate that posttraumatic sleep disturbance frequently manifests with a combination of insomnia and a higher-than- expected prevalence of SDB (Lamarche & De Koninch, 2007; Krakow et al., 2002). The proposed research will determine to what degree this population of veterans with PTSD is at accelerated risk for cognitive decline if they are APOE 54 carriers and/or if they have SDB. On completion of the study, we will be in a position not only to estimate the potential effect of treatments for SDB, but also to be able to characterize our veteran population and estimate the likelihood of their responding to treatment.

VETERANS ADMIN PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYS


Oxygen-induced regulation of the Na/K ATPase in cardiac myocytes

This project focuses on the mechanisms of oxygen-induced regulation of the Na/K ATPase and its role in physiological and pathological responses of the heart to hypoxia. The Na,K ATPase  is a key enzyme generating transmembrane electrochemical gradient controlling thereby excitation-contraction processes in the heart. This enzyme is a target for cardiac glycosides used in treatment of congestive cardiac failure. Activity of this enzyme in the heart was shown to be oxygen-sensitive but the mechanisms of oxygen-induced regulation remained unknown as the enzyme itself lacks oxygen binding sites. The present project was designed to characterize the dose- and time-dependence of the Na,K ATPase responses to deoxygenation, primary oxygen-binding sensor(s) and the mechanisms of signal transduction from the sensor to the Na, K ATPase.Using ex vivo isolated blood-perfused rat heart, in vivo animal model (rats exposed to hypoxia) and isolated cardiomyocytes we have characterized the changes in activity of the Na, K ATPase in response to deoxygenation. The enzyme is inhibited rapidly (within 10-20 minutes) even by minor changes in blood oxygenation. The activity declines exponentially with decrease in blood pO2 with half-maximal inhibition observed as oxygen saturation of hemoglobin decreases from 98% to 90%. Response of the Na,K ATPase to hypoxia is facilitated with age making senescent heart hypoxia-intolerant. Nitric oxide synthases were identified by us as primary oxygen sensors and nitric monoxide as a second messenger making the Na, K ATPase oxygen-sensitive. Changes in activity of the Na,K ATPase were mediated by the shifts in serine and tyrosine phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration of the cathalytic alpha-subunit and the regulatory cardiac-specific FXYD-subunit  (phospholemman). We analysed the factors involved in the changes in Na,K ATPase function and the consequences of hypoxia-induced acute reversible deactivation of the enzyme (intracellular ion composition, tissue water content and Ca2+ levels, tissue redox state). Our data suggest that pharmacological interventions that may restore NO production under hypoxic conditions (erythropoietin treatment, activation of the PI3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway) may support the stable function of the senescent heart under conditions of limited oxygen supply (stenosis of coronary vessels, atherosclerosis, anemia, respiratory disorders) due to the maintenance of the high activity of the Na,K ATPase.

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung


Abenteuerdiskurse zwischen Kolonialismus und Nationalsozialismus 2: Transformationen des Abenteuers im Bürgerlichen Realismus

Untersuchungsgegenstand des Projekts sind Transformationen des Abenteuers als Erzähl- und Erlebnistyp im deutschen bürgerlichen Realismus (Gustav Freytag, Wilhelm Raabe, Theodor Fontane). Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung, dass die oberschichtige Zurückweisung des Abenteuers in den realistischen Literaturprogrammen und im offiziellen Selbstverständnis der bürgerlichen Epoche von einer unterschichtigen ‚Heimsuchung‘ durch abenteuerliche Erzählmuster und -stoffe begleitet wird, die gewissermaßen nicht aufhören, aus der bürgerlichen Welt nicht zu verschwinden. Erscheint der Abenteurer so einerseits als Gegenfigur des Bürgers (beispielsweise in den Erzähltexten Wilhelm Raabes), so fragen die Texte doch auch immer wieder nach der Abenteuerfähigkeit der bürgerlichen Welt selbst und damit letzten Endes nach ihrer Erzählbarkeit. Mit der Rekonstruktion der Auseinandersetzung des hochliterarischen bürgerlichem Realismus mit trivialer Abenteuerliteratur und außerliterarischen (kolonialen) Abenteuerdiskursen knüpft das Teilprojekt an die erste Förderphase an und eröffnet zugleich neue Perspektiven auf das deutsche nationalliterarische Feld (Bourdieu) nach 1848 und im Kaiserreich.


Development of Universal Influenza Virus Vaccines Using Nucleoside-Modified Messenger RNA

PROJECT NARRATIVE The development of an easy-to-produce and safe influenza virus vaccine that also has much broader protection than current designs will both increase the elicited protection and the vaccine coverage. Nucleoside- modified mRNA-LNP vaccines achieve all of these attributes and have the potential to change the field of infectious disease vaccines.


Application of Evolutionary Principles to Maintain Cancer Control (PQ21)

Cancer is currently treated with the maximum dose tolerable by the patient, consisting in an "all-out attack" paradigm that ultimately accelerates the emergence of chemoresistance and leads to treatment failure. In this project we explore the Adaptive Therapy approach, which consists of using the minimum dose necessary to maintain the tumor under control, delay emergence of drug resistance by promoting competition between chemosensitive and chemoresistant cells, and maximize the patient's lifespan. Our approach consists of using non-invasive imaging techniques of the tumor metabolism in response to "fake" drugs to estimate both the tumor burden and the levels of chemoresistance, and to feed this data into a computational model which will recommend the drug dosing and combination for the best probability of extended patient survival.


Towards a Syntactic Atlas of the Basque Language

Le présent projet a pour but d'initier une étude systématique de la variation dialectale et sociolinguistique du basque en se focalisant sur les variétés nord orientales, parlées en France. Ses résultats se concrétiseront dans un atlas syntaxique. Pour autant, l'objectif principal de ce projet ne réside pas dans l'élaboration d'un atlas pour lui-même, mais à traiter pour la première fois dans les études linguistiques basques, d'une part, de la portée et la nature de la variation syntaxique dans les zones où le basque est parlé, d'autre part, des problèmes soulevés par le recueil, l'analyse et la classification des données morphosyntaxiques.

UNIVERSITE DE PAU ET DES PAYS DE L'ADOUR


Assessment of the efficacy of vaccination for neonates exposed to immunosuppressants in utero

免疫抑制剤であるタクロリムスの妊婦使用禁忌は、タクロリムスが催奇形性発症率に影響を与えないという報告により、2018年に解除となった。一方、タクロリムスによる催奇形性以外の新生児毒性、特に免疫への影響や感染症発症予防のためのワクチン接種が子宮内タクロリムス曝露新生児に与える影響については全く検討されていない。そこで、本研究では、子宮内タクロリムス曝露モデルマウスの作製を行い、子宮内タクロリムス曝露児の免疫能及びワクチンへの応答能力解明を目的とする。本研究は子宮内免疫抑制剤曝露児の新生児免疫応答能力を初めて明らかにし、さらに子宮内免疫抑制剤曝露児のワクチン接種適正化を目指すものである。

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


PSYCHOTHERAPY OUTCOME AND SYMPTOM-ONSET CONDITIONS


Gordon Research Conference on Elementary Particle           Interactions; Andover, New Hampshire; August 17-21, 1981


UNSflow: A low-order, open-source solver for problems that involve unsteady and nonlinear fluid dynamics

This project aims to derive and develop new theoretical and low-cost numerical methods for analysing general unsteady aerofoil and wing flows that may exhibit nonlinearities such as flow separation and vortex shedding. The solvers implemented through these methods will be made available (open-source) to the public, academia and industry through the UNSflow project.

Unsteady fluid dynamics is ubiquitous in modern aerospace research problems such as aerodynamic optimisation of wind-energy harvesting devices, design of flapping wing fliers, use of flapping foils for propulsion/high-lift, and design of aircraft with flexible wings (such as HALE - High-Altitude Long Endurance, or futuristic aircraft with large aspect ratios). Reducing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, which is the prime motivation behind many of these problems, can only be accomplished by a mix of renewable strategies and incremental improvements. The flow physics in these problems exhibits significant nonlinearities arising from flow separation and vortex shedding which cannot be adequately represented by closed-form theoretical formulations. Though computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental methods have contributed much to the understanding of unsteady flow features, they are unsuitable for use in preliminary design and optimisation because of time and cost considerations. This project aims to develop low-cost, physics-based models for unsteady aerodynamics based on the discrete-vortex method, which will enable fast simulations of medium-fidelity, and provide a simple framework for parametric studies, design optimisation, real-time simulation and interdisciplinary studies (by coupling with other solvers).

UNSflow intends to be a new class of low-cost solvers that sacrifice an acceptable level of accuracy in fluid simulations for a tremendous speedup in simulation time, while being fully physics-based and retaining the fundamental flow quantities. The guiding philosophy in development of the solver is to retain only the physics which are significant in the flow regimes of specific applications. They are hence not an alternative to high-fidelity CFD and experiments, which will still be needed in the final phases of industrial production, but for fewer ideas/concepts. In effect, this will lead to reduced time and cost in the design cycle, and perhaps even a better solution in the long run, because more exploration of the design space will be possible. This research also intends to support the activities of teachers, students and hobbyists who may not have access to CFD software and computing resources. Potential applications for this class of users include design of ornithopters, quadcopters, and home-made wind-energy harvesting devices.

The research to be carried out in this project is fundamental in nature and underpins several applied problems. It is intended to derive new theoretical and numerical tools to study general unsteady flows with intermittent separation and reattachment. It will assist the principal investigator's research group in its research on applied problems such as aerodynamic optimisation, dynamic stall alleviation, flapping-wing design and wind-energy harvesting. The research will also be useful to other research groups working on unsteady flows (for both fundamental and applied research), as a preliminary design/analysis tool for various applications, and student projects.

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council


La relation avec les parties prenantes et les mécanismes internes de gouvernance des fonds d'investissement responsable

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarships - Master's


The muon g-2 beyond hadronic leading order

En lovende retning i søgningen efter signaler fra Ny Fysik kommer fra præcisionstest af elektrosvage processer, eftersom sådanne processer kan ændres signifikant af nye partiklers tilstedeværelse. I særdeleshed er det anomale magnetiske moment af muonen genstand for en diskrepans på tre standardafvigelser mellem teori og eksperiment, som har eksisteret i mange år – trods forbedringer fra begge sider. Den teoretiske usikkerhed er domineret af hadroniske effekter. Disse kræver ikke-perturbative værktøjer, eftersom den gængse perturbative ekspansion bryder sammen ved lav energi i QCD – teorien som beskriver hadroniske interaktioner på det fundamentale niveau. Den eneste kendte tilgang, som er systematisk forbederlig og ikke-perturbativ, består af at simulere QCD på et fire-dimensionelt gitter ved hjælp af numeriske simuleringer på super-computere. Projektets målsætning er at fremsætte den første komplette og model-uafhængige udregning af det hadroniske bidrag til muonens anomale magnetiske moment, med inklusionen af det ledende og næst-til-ledende ”light-by-light” bidrag. Kernen i dette projekt er i grænsen mellem teoretisk fysik, computational fysik og supercomputing. Projektets aktualitet er meget høj, givet de nyligt opdagede flavor anomalier ved LHCb, og deres potentielle korrelation med muon anomalien i visse udvidelser af Standard Modellen.


Rare structural genomic variants in schizophrenia


Building capacity through participatory action learning for implementation of sustainable natural resource management

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.


InhibitorBeschichtungen für hohe Temperaturen

Das Hauptziel des vorliegenden Antrags ist, ein neuartiges Beschichtungskonzept auszuarbeiten, das die Korrosion durch Beläge bei hohen Temperaturen verhindern kann. Derartige Salzbeläge treten typischerweise in stationären Turbinen an Land, auf See und in der Luft sowie in chemischen Prozessen bei der Verbrennung von Kraftstoffen niedriger Qualität auf. Eine vorgeschlagene, neue, inhibierende Schutzschicht soll durch die Modifikation von Diffusionsschichten mit Nano- oder Mikropartikeln hergestellt werden. Die angestrebten Schutzschichten werden aus der Matrix einer typischen Diffusionsschicht wie Aluminid bestehen, in der Inhibitor-Partikel, Partikel die die Salzschmelze verändern oder eine Kombinationen beider gleichmäßig verteilt sind. Der Vorteil solcher Schutzschichten ist, dass bei beginnender Auflösung der sonst schützenden Aluminiumoxidschicht durch korrosive Substanzen wie Sulfate oder Vanadate diese Salze in Kontakt mit den zugefügten Partikeln kommen. Die Inhibitorpartikel werden geopfert, um Spezies mit hohem Schmelzpunkt zu bilden, oder die Korrosion wird verlangsamt durch Änderung des Säuregehalts (acidity) , wobei die Salzschmelze weniger aggressiv wird. Das vorrangige Ziel ist, diesen Ansatz zu testen, indem die Wirksamkeit und die chemische Beständigkeit der Schutzschicht sowie die zu Grunde liegenden Mechanismen untersucht werden. Als Referenz wird eine nach dem aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung gefertigte, nicht modifizierte Diffusionsschicht verwendet, die in einem Packzementierungsprozess mit niedriger Aktivität hergestellt werden soll. Die Schutzschichten werden für bis zu 1000 Stunden unter zwei Salzablagerungen ausgelagert, die repräsentativ für Vanadat-verstärkte (60%V2O5-40%Na2SO4 Salz) und klassische Na2SO4 Typ II-Korrosion stehen. Zusätzlich werden zyklische Oxidationsversuche durchgeführt, um zu ermitteln, ob die Modifikationen selbst die reine Oxidationslebensdauer beeinflussen, z.B. durch verstärkte Rissbildung. Die für verschiedene Zeiten (bis zu 1000 Stunden) ausgelagerten Proben aus den verschiedenen Versuchen werden detailliert untersucht um die Mechanismen der Alterung zu verstehen.


SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN PC12 CELLS


ASSESSMENT PROGRAM LEADERSHIP IN THE NATURAL AND ACCELERATED BIOREMEDIATION (NBIR) PROGRAM


共鳴領域における中間子光発生の機構

Principal Investigator：梶川 良一, Project Period (FY)：1977, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (D)


No summary - Aucun sommaire

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

University Undergraduate Student Research Awards


RIPS Type 2: Collaborative Research: Towards resilient computational models of electricity-gas ICI

One of the fastest growing consumers of Natural Gas (NG) is the electricity sector, through the use of NG-fired power plants. Already a large portion of the electricity portfolio mix in many regions in the US, NG-fired power generation is increasing even further with growing penetration of renewable energy due to the former?s fast, on-demand response capabilities, and latter?s characteristics of intermittency and uncertainty. As a result, NG and electricity networks are getting increasingly linked and interdependent. Tighter coordination and information sharing between electric grid operators and NG suppliers is therefore becoming highly necessary to have a resilient interdependent critical infrastructure of electricity and NG.

This proposal seeks to create computational models of this infrastructure, gain analytical insight into the existing infrastructure in response to system and policy changes, and design guidelines for a coordinated infrastructure with improved resilience. These models are based, wherever possible, on real data from industrial partners and incorporate scaled versions of the electrical and NG networks of the New England area.  Specific tools to reach these objectives include security constrained unit commitment, a powerful tool that provides optimal dispatch of power generation for a given network topology and policies, dynamic market mechanisms and hybrid network science,  that permit analysis of uncertainty on the infrastructure, and cyber-security based resiliency tools for malicious and non-malicious events.


EpiCenter ? EPIdemiology of opioid prescribing in community health CENTERs

PROJECT NARRATIVE The misuse of prescription opioid medicines has done great harm in the United States, especially in low- income communities. We will investigate trends in opioid prescribing in a large, national system of >500 safety net clinics, linking electronic health record data with geographic information system based measures of poverty and Oregon state vital statistics and Medicaid claims records. We will describe historical and geographic trends in opioid use as well as variables associated with the likelihood of receiving opioids chronically and outcomes of long-term use.


CBFBETA: A NOVEL THERAEUTIC TARGET FOR PROSTATE CANCER

MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT


海藻類の系統種の永久保存培養に関する研究(カルチャーコレクション)

Principal Investigator：舘脇 正和, Project Period (FY)：1979 – 1980, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B), Research Field：植物形態・分類学

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science


Travel to Attend:  Centenary Rubber Conference of Sri Lanka And Visit to the University of Sri Lanka, Colombo,          Sri Lanka, December 13-24, 1976


GENETIC DISSECTION OF BACTERIAL CYTOKINESIS


ナノバイオミメティクス技術による新規埋め込み型小型人工腎臓の開発

本研究では、透析患者の社会復帰や在宅医療を可能にするために、現在の血液浄化システムをより小型化した、携帯もしくは埋め込み可能な新規人工腎臓の開発を目的とする。透析膜を長時間使用するためには生体適合性の向上が不可欠である。血液中での生体反応は、血漿タンパク質が膜表面に吸着することで始まる。したがって、初期段階でのタンパク質の吸着抑制が生体適合性の向上にはきわめて重要となる。現在、透析治療に使われているポリスルホン(PS)膜はポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)を添加することで、高い親水性と優れた生体適合性を獲得している。しかし、膜表面のPVPの耐久性や種々の血漿タンパク質との相互作用についてはまだ十分に検討されていない。そこで、今年度は、各種透析膜の血液流動に対するPVP耐溶出性を評価し、PVP溶出のメカニズムを検討した。まず、透析前後の透析膜に対して、膜表面に存在するPVPを全反射減衰フーリエ変換赤外分光法(FTIR/ATR)により測定し、透析前後のPVP量の相対比からPVP残存率を求めた。この際、透析器を軸方向および断面方向でいくつかのエリアに分割し、各エリア毎のPVP残存率の違いを比較したところ、全てのエリアでPVP残存率は低下したが、断面方向では残存率に大きな偏りは見られなかったのに対して、軸方向では透析器中央部と比較して血液入口部および出口部において残存率が著しく低下した。これはPVPの溶出において透析器内部濾過の影響を強く受けることを示唆するものであり、PVP耐溶出性を向上させるためには、血液流動による表面へのずり応力だけでなく、内部濾過の影響も考慮する必要があることを明らかにした。今後は膜の生体適合性向上の研究と併せて、透析監視装置や透析液循環装置の小型化に関する研究を行っていく予定である。


Malaria Control Using an Ultrasonic Mosquito-killing Machine in Solomon lslands

The pilot areas were settled at Tamboko in Guadalcanal Island and at Fiu in Malaita Island.By the molecular biological analysis, the species were determined as Anopheles farauti s.s. and Anopheles irenicus. The latter species was not caught by the human-bait collection and supposed to have no relation as malaria vector. Solomon sea has been shown to be a great barrier for gene-flow by the comparison of nucleotide sequences of mosquitoes between Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.Human baiting activity has not so much difference between dry and rainy seasons in Guadalcanal Island but i n Malaita Island, the number in dry season was very few comparing to that in rainy season.The parous rate was low (24%) before 11p.m. and high (80%) after 11p.m. at night in rainy season but it was constantly high (more than 55%) in dry season.In Western region, no adult mosquito of anopheles was caught and the number of breeding places was very few. These are supposed to be the main reasons of low malaria patients in this region and will give some hints to discover new methods to control malaria.The development of ultrasonic device was done as a new control method for mosquito. At the present state, a device was succeeded in developing which can kill all mosquito larvae at the distance of 90cm by five-second eradiation at 1200 watts. On the other hand, coconuts oil was also tried for the control. Coconuts oil poured at a mount of 100m1 per one square meter could kill mosquito larvae for 17 days.


Symposium on triploidy in parasitic worms

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology – EAWAG


The Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh (CWEW) will revolutionise Waugh studies, and influence twentieth-century literary and cultural studies more broadly, publishing a vast storehouse of historical and literary documentation. CWEW will greatly expand our knowledge of the range and complexity of Waugh's thinking and artistic practice, linking this to the work of his contemporaries 1903-66 in Britain, America and Europe. No other edition of a British novelist has been undertaken on this scale. About 85% of Waugh's letters are unpublished. CWEW will print all Waugh's extant writings and graphic art: novels, biographies, travel writing, shorter fiction, essays, articles, reportage, reviews, letters, diaries, poems, juvenilia, parerga, drawings and designs in 42 volumes.

There has never been a scholarly edition of Waugh's work, the best volumes being Penguin's Modern Classics reissues. These, however, fall far short of rigorous scholarly standards. It was not Penguin's remit to finance large-scale textual scholarship and the editors were hampered by commercial restrictions. The historical context is meagre. Over the last thirty years, Waugh scholarship has made huge strides. Very little of this scholarship, however, has informed editions of Waugh's work. CWEW aims to correct that. Its editors can quote extensively and without charge from Waugh copyright material, a privilege never before available and which now unlocks a hoard of literary treasures.

The objective is thoroughly to historicize each text, to provide an authoritative repository of primary source material in an edition that will not 'date' and that will become the seminal source of reference for the foreseeable future. Through this, we hope not only to transform Waugh studies but also studies of his literary circle (e.g. John Betjeman, Robert Byron, Henry Green, Graham Greene, the Sitwells, Anthony Powell, and Muriel Spark), and to enhance studies of Architecture, Art History, History, Film, and textual editing. Volumes will, for example, investigate British, American and French Catholicism, the impact of both world wars, class, politics and Modernist aesthetics in the twentieth century.

Print publication was contracted in 2009, the project initiated by Alexander Waugh, Waugh's grandson, who curates the massive Evelyn Waugh Archive. OUP and Alexander Waugh will digitize the letters, diaries, essays, articles and reviews in this archive and all copy-texts for a database available to editors through password-protected access from an interactive website which will include: updated bibliographies, blog space for editors, and an open forum for public engagement inviting information on untraced Waugh material and feedback from the project's many public events. These events, launched by a Colloquium (2013) and International Conference (2015), involve our Project Partners: the Bodleian, British, and Brotherton Libraries, the Humanities Research Center (Texas), the University of Milan, the Waugh Estate and OUP. The website, a unique research tool, will expedite research and offer a world-leading forum for Waugh studies. Since 2009, scholarly development has been led by Martin Stannard and David Bradshaw. As Co-Executive Editor (PI) with Prof. Bradshaw (CI), Prof. Stannard will be project manager in collaboration with Alexander Waugh, the General Editor. Publication will be in two tranches: 2016-17, and 2018-22, eleven volumes of Tranche 1 to appear by Easter 2016 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of Waugh's death.

The project will fully integrate the career development of a Research Assistant and two doctoral students. All will attend quarterly meetings of the Editorial Board, present annual progress reports to it, and produce conference papers and publications. As crucial figures, they will directly engage with the project's research infrastructure. A dedicated project research area will be created for them in the University of Leicester Library.


Mechanical Property Analysis on Multi-component Liquids by Dielectric Spectroscopy

Inks contain pigment particles(and other stuffs such as stabilizer) and have low viscosity and small elasticity. Depending on the medium suspending the pigments as well as the type of pigments, vast differences were found for the dielectric property. By analyzing the dielectric properties of the inks, relationship between the polarization and surface tension of the ink, and their contribution to the ink performance was discussed. A dielectric method of characterization could be useful for evaluation of the ink performance in jet printing.


The Birth of Sacred Places in Southeast Asia: A Study of the Buddhist Cultural Exchange Network from antiquity to early modernity

東南アジアの古代から近世における仏教聖地の成立と展開の様相を、特に上座部仏教が受容されて以降の東南アジアの仏教信仰にみられる仏足跡信仰とボードガヤー式寺院という2つの要素に注目して研究する。スリランカからタイ、ミャンマーなど東南アジアの各地へ伝播した仏足跡信仰、ならびにインド仏教の聖地ボードガヤーの衰退によって各地に作られたボードガヤー式寺院について、釈迦の聖蹟を模した聖地としての信仰の諸相をさぐり、南アジアと東南アジア各地間の交易や統治、宗教の伝播といった歴史的動態から、その位置づけを考える。


In Situ Testing Procedure for Obtaining Dynamic and Cyclic  Soil Properties


PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN AGING HUMAN FIBROBLASTS


声帯創傷治癒に対するフィブリン生体接着剤の効果についての基礎的研究

われわれは、フィブリン接着剤の声帯粘膜創傷治癒への影響を、声帯粘膜波動および組織学的に評価し、フィブリン接着剤の音声外科への応用の可能性を検討した。成犬を使用し、ペントバルビタールで静脈麻酔後、喉頭展開し、顕微鏡下に両側声帯を声帯膜様部中央でかん除により画一的損傷を与えた。ここでフィブリン接着剤を左側声帯損傷部位に直接表面塗布した。右側声帯損傷部位については塗布せずにコントロールとした。術後1週、2週、3週、5週後に喉頭顕微鏡下に肉眼的に観察し、さらに各週ごとの喉頭を摘出後、両側声帯突起部を縫合し声門閉鎖させ、加湿加温した空気で吹鳴させた。声帯振動を上面より超高速度カメラを用いて3000コマ/秒にて映画撮影後、声帯膜様部全長を3等分し、前より3分の1の点、後より3分の1の点を左右それぞれにつきフィルムモーションアナライザーを用い各コマごとにX軸、Y軸成分に分けて声帯振動解析を行った。さらに声帯損傷部について連続切片を作成し、病理組織学的評価を行った。喉頭顕微鏡下観察においては、術後2週で塗布側、非塗布側ともに滑らかに上皮化した。超高速度映画のフィルムモーションアナライザーによる声帯振動解析では、術後5週で塗布側で振動が大、波形は定常の良好な粘膜波動が認められた。病理組織学的検討では、術後2週で非塗布側で膠原腺維増生を認めた対応部位において、塗布側では膠原腺維の増生は弱く、細血管増生、炎症細胞浸潤が見られ、炎症性肉芽性で、腺維化の程度が軽減された可撓性の良い粘膜として治癒する可能性を示した。フィブリン接着剤は創傷治癒に好影響を与えることが示唆され、臨床への応用が期待できるものと思われた。


Mentored Research on Improving Alcohol Brief Interventions in Medical Settings

This project will systematically evaluate the impact of brief intervention components on risky drinking behavior among primary care patients and use this information to develop and pilot test an empirically informed brief intervention. This study holds the promise to improve treatment effectiveness for the nation's more than 16 million risky drinkers. Lessons learned could hasten the development of brief interventions for other chronic diseases in the U.S.

UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR


Enhancing the C. elegans animal resource through genome editing

Project Narrative The goal of this renewal project is to use a high throughput CRISPR-Cas9-based pipeline for the systematic generation of gene knockout mutations in the model organism, C. elegans. Targets will be selected to be of high value to human geneticists and others interested in human biology and disease. Availability of these mutations will promote research in new areas of high importance to human health, in part by attracting additional scientists from these areas to explore this premier model organism.